| year,date,title,pdf_url,pdf_filename,product_type,source,manufacturer | |
| 2018,12 July 2018,Recall of Valsartan containing products by Denk Pharma as a precautionary measure following the detection of an impurity in the Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient in certain Valsartan Products in the European Union,,,Medicines,PPB,Denk Pharma | |
| 2018,11 July 2018,"Recall of Gentamed Injection (Gentamycin Injection) Batches; 170611, 170603. The product caused severe headaches to patients after administration",,,Medicines,PPB,"CSPC Ouyi Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, China" | |
| 2018,11 July 2018,Recall of caregenta-80 (Gentamycin injection) Batch No. 171160. The product caused severe headaches to patients after administration,,,Medicines,PPB,"Shandong Shenglu pharmaceuticals, China" | |
| 2018,11 July 2018,Recall of Dawagenta Injection (Gentamycin Injection) Batch No. 170754. The product caused severe headaches to patients after administration,,,Medicine,PPB,"Shandong Xier Kantai, China" | |
| 2018,11 July 2018,"Recall of Folfes (Ferrous sulphate / folic acid 200mg + 0.4 mg); Batch No. 117098, Due to quality defect",,,Medicine,PPB,Biodeal Laboratories Ltd | |
| 2018,11 July 2018,"Recall of Hexon 5% (Chlorhexidine gluconate 5%), Batches; 417041, 417042, 417016, Due to quality defect",,,Disinfectant,PPB,Biodeal Laboratories Ltd | |
| 2018,11 July 2018,Recall of Ventil (Salbutamol) Batch No. 815109,,,Medicine,PPB,Biodeal Laboratories Ltd | |
| 2018,09 May 2018,"Rapid alert notification on falsified Postinor-2 (levornogestrel), Batch No. T53118E",,,Medicine,PPB,Not known | |
| 2018,08 May 2018,"Rapid alert notification on falsified primaquine sulphate, Batch No. PQPHOO42",,,Medicine,WHO,Not known | |
| 2019,03 October 2019,"Recall of sure lubricated condoms dotted. Batches17DN052, 17DN754",,,Medical device,PPB,Innolatex (Thailand) Limited | |
| 2019,03 October 2019,"Recall of sure lubricated condoms; BatchesL48058, P48045, P48001, L48037, P48027, L48110",,,Medical device,PPB,"HLL Lifecare Limited, India" | |
| 2019,03 October 2019,Recall of sure lubricated condoms; Batch No.1601957422,,,Medical device,PPB,Suretex Prophylactics (India) Limited | |
| 2019,02 October 2019,"Information on genotoxic contaminant, N-nitroso-dimethylamine (N-NDMA) impurity in ranitidine products",,,Medicines,PPB, | |
| 2019,14 March 2019,"Recall of valsartan containing products manufactured from contaminated active pharmaceutical ingredient.PPB issued a recall alert of the following batches (see link https://pharmacyboardkenya.org/e-shots )of Valsartan containing products that were manufactured using the Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients sourced at Zhejiang Huahai Pharmaceuticals, based in Linhai, China.",,,Medicines,PPB, | |
| 2020,12 June 2020,Medical product alert on several confirmed falsified chloroquine products circulating in the WHO regions of Africa and Europe,,,Medicines,WHO,LINK | |
| 2020,24 March 2020,Falsified HIV rapid diagnostic test kit (RDT): Uni-Gold HIVLot number: HIV1720026Expiry date: 6 DEC 2020,,,Medical device,WHO,Legal manufacturer: Trinity Biotech Plc | |
| 2021,23 December 2021,"Medical product alert on several batches of falsified Soliris (eculizumab) identified in Argentina, Estonia, India and Uruguay",,,Medicines,WHO,Stated manufacturer: ALEXION | |
| 2021,31 August 2021,"Medical on COVISHIELD corona virus vaccine detected in the WHO region of Africa and South-East Asia. The products were reported at patient level in Uganda and Myanmar.Batch 4121Z040, expiry date: 10.08.2021COVISHIELD 2ml (genuine manufacturer does not produce COVISHIELD in 2ml (4 doses)Batch No. 4126Z079",,,Medicines,WHO,Stated manufacturer: Serum Institute of India Pvt Ltd | |
| 2022,27-Dec-2022,Medical product alert on substandard (contaminated) METHOTREXä 50mg(Methotrexate)Batch No:MTI2101BAQidentified inYemen and Lebanon.The products were contaminated withPseudomonas aeruginosaon microbiological testing,,,Medicine,The World Health Organization (WHO),"Stated as CELON LABORATORIES, PVT LTD – Telangana State, India" | |
| 2022,02-Nov-2022,"Medical product alert on substandard (contaminated) pediatric liquid dosage medicines identified in theWHO region of South-East Asia (Indonesia)Termorex syrup( Batch No:AUG22A06),Flurin DMP syrup(All batches),Unibebi Cough Syrup,(All batches),Unibebi Demam Paracetamol Drops(All batches),,Unibebi Demam Paracetamol Syrup(All batches),,Paracetamol Drops(All batches),,Paracetamol Syrup (mint)(All batches),andVipcol Syrup(All batches),The products contain unacceptable amounts of ethylene glycol and/or diethylene glycol as contaminants",,,Medicines,The World Health Organization (WHO),"Stated as;Termorex syrup(PT Konimex),Flurin DMP syrup(PT Yarindo Farmatama),Unibebi Cough Syrup (PT Universal Pharmaceutical Industries)Unibebi Demam Paracetamol Drops(PT Universal Pharmaceutical Industries),Unibebi Demam Paracetamol Syrup(PT Universal Pharmaceutical Industries),Paracetamol Drops,PT Afi FarmaParacetamol Syrup (mint)(PT Afi Farma)andVipcol Syrup(PT Afi Farma)" | |
| 2022,05-Oct-2022,"Medical product alert on substandard products, identified in theGambia and reported to WHO in September 2022.Promethazine Oral Solution(Batch No: ML21-202),Kofexmalin Baby Cough Syrup(Batch No: ML21-199)Makoff Baby Cough Syrup(Batch No: ML21-203)andMagrip N Cold Syrup(Batch No:ML21-198)They contain unacceptable amounts of diethylene glycol and ethylene glycol as contaminants",,,Medicine,The World Health Organization (WHO),"Stated as Maiden Pharmaceuticals Limited (Haryana, India)" | |
| 2022,29-Sept-2022,"WHO medical product alert (ref. Rpq/reg/isf/ alert no. 4/2022) on falsified Dysport 500 U (clostridium botulinum type a toxin-haemagglutinin complex)identified in the who regions of Europe and the eastern Mediterranean.Batch U14534 identified in Jordan, Poland, United KingdomBatch U14534 identified in Turkiye, KuwaitBatch U05804 identified in Jordan, PolandBatch U01975 identified in KuwaitBatch U12523 identified in Poland",,,Medicine,The World Health Organization (WHO),Stated as IPSEN | |
| 2022,20-Sep-2022,Public alert on falsified medical productDawasolone 5 mg (Prednisolone 5mg ) tabletsBatch Number: 1802231,,,Medicine,The Pharmacy and Poisons Board (PPB),"Stated as Dawa Ltd, Baba Dogo, Nairobi" | |
| 2022,01-July-2022,Class 1 Recall of Rocephin injection due to the detection of pinholes in 10 mL Water for Injection (WFI) ampoules used in Rocephin 1.000 g finished productsBatch Number:B0752B04,,,Medicine,Pharmacy and Poisons Board (PPB),Siegfried Hameln in Germany manufactured for ROCHE | |
| 2022,25-Jun-22,"Public alert on CLASS 1 RECALL of poor-quality medical product from the Kenyan market due to failure to meet market authorization requirements: Product details: DAWAFLOX POWDER FOR ORAL SUSPENSION, 100ML Batch: 2012085 Batch: 2006121 DOM: 06/2020 DOE: 05/2023",,,Medicines,PPB,"DAWA Limited, Nairobi Kenya" | |
| 2022,24-Jun-22,"Public alert on falsified medical product; Ashton & Parsons Matricaria Infant’s Powder Batches: PA 4328C, PA 4318C, PA2011C, AP 061W",,,Medicines,PPB,"Stated as; Made by Smith Kline Beecham Nigeria P/C 20 industrial Avenue. Liupeju Lagos, Nigeria Under Licence from SmithKline Beecham Consumer Brands Brandford, england" | |
| 2022,24-Jun-22,Public alert on falsified medical product; Eloxatin 100mg (Oxaliplatin for injection) Batch: 12V0015,,,Medicines,PPB,"Stated as: Aventis Pharma Ltd, Rainham Rd South, Dagenham, Esser, Room 107XS, UK & Made in UK" | |
| 2022,28-Feb-22,"Medical product alert on two falsified batches of DESREM (Remdesivir for injection 100mg /vial) , batches 7605854B and CRM21001MA detected in Guatemala and India",,,Medicines,WHO,Legal manufacturer: Mylan Laboratories Ltd | |
| 2023,21st November 2023,Public notice on falsified batches of truvada (emtricitabine/ tenofovir 200mg/300mg) productBatches B4033894D and B425875D,,,Medicine,PPB,Stated as; manufactured by Gilead Sciences Inc. | |
| 2023,21st November 2023,Warning regarding suspected falsified themra epimedyumluMacun (“asali ya wazee”) manufactured by veysi topuz,,,Claimed to be herbal product,PPB,Stated as manufactured by Veysi Topuz | |
| 2023,18-Sep-2023,Public Alert on Mandated Recall ofTamedol (Paracetamol) Oral Solution 120mg/5ml.Investigations by PPB confirmed that the product failed to meet market authorization requirements.,,,Medicine,Pharmacy and Poisons Board,"Biopharma LTD, Kenya" | |
| 2023,18-Sep-2023,"Public Alert on Substandard and Falsified (SF) Radio Contrast Media –Visipaque (Iodoxanol) 320mg/ml Vials.Batches where manufacturer is stated as GE Healthcare Ireland,15950809, 15944839, 15950792, 15906117Batches where manufacturer is stated as GE Healthcare (Shanghai) Co., Ltd, China15389618, 15429745, 15444386, 15661498, 15904073, 15751274,16017833, 16044911, 16085815, 16100415, 16107210, 16177061",,,Radio Contrast Media,Pharmacy and Poisons Board,"Batches where manufacturer is statedas GE Healthcare Ireland,15950809, 15944839, 15950792, 15906117Batches where manufacturer isstated as GE Healthcare (Shanghai) Co., Ltd, China15389618, 15429745, 15444386, 15661498, 15904073, 15751274,16017833, 16044911, 16085815, 16100415, 16107210, 16177061" | |
| 2023,7-Aug-2023,Medical Product Alert on Substandard (contaminated) syrup medicines identified inWHO Region of the Eastern MediterraneanCOLD OUT syrupBatch No: SF001A02The product contains unacceptable amounts of diethylene glycol and ethylene glycol as contaminants.,,,Medicine,The World Health Organization,Stated as FOURRTS (INDIA) LABORATORIES PVT. LTD | |
| 2023,19-July-2023,"Medical Product Alert on Substandard (contaminated) syrup medicines identified inWHO Region of AfricaNATURCOLD Syrup, Batch No: E22053The product contains unacceptable amounts of diethylene glycol and ethylene glycol as contaminants.",,,Medicine,The World Health Organization,Stated as FRAKEN INTERNATIONAL (England) | |
| 2023,25-Apr-2023,"Medical Product Alert on Substandard (contaminated) syrup medicines identified inWHO Region of the Western PacificGUAIFENESIN SYRUP TG SYRUP,Batch No: SL-429The product contains unacceptable amounts of diethylene glycol and ethylene glycol as contaminants.",,,Medicine,The World Health Organization,"Stated as QP PHARMACHEM LTD (Punjab, India)." | |
| 2023,11-Apr-2023,"Medical Product Alert on FalsifiedDEFITELIO (defibrotide sodium)identified in the WHO Regions of Europe and the Eastern MediterraneanBatch No: 19G19A identified in Kyrgyzstan and United Arab EmiratesBatch No (packaging): 19G19A, Batch No (vial): M068466E identified in KyrgyzstanLaboratory analysis of a sample of the falsified product found that it did not contain any of the stated active ingredient.",,,Medicine,The World Health Organization,Stated as Gentium Srl | |
| 2023,22-Feb-2023,"Medical Product Alert onTETRACYCLINE HYDROCHLORIDE OPHTHALMIC OINTMENT USP 1%Batch No: AF20011, AF21160, AF21161, AF22031, AF22032, AF22093, AF22100, AF22101, AF22107, AF20097, AF22021, AF20060A, AF22025, AF22026, AF22061, AF20067, AF21064, AF21088, AF21147, AF21149, AF22006, AF22007, AF22029, AF22030, AF22057, AF22058, AF22080, AF22098, AF22099, AF22104, AF22118, AF22123, AF22106, AF22116, AF22092A, AF22097A, AF22110, AF22111, AF22112, AF22113, AF22114, AF22115, AF22117, AF22119, AF22120, AF22121, AF22122, AF22020AThe product had a range of quality issues e.g., particles ranging in colour, size and shape on the nozzle, in the cap and in the ointment inside each tube,black spots and brown splotches on the inner foil layer of the tube, and phase separation. These issues were not uniform and varied from batch to batch.",,,Medicine,The World Health Organization,Stated as Galentic Pharma (India) Pvt. Ltd | |
| 2023,11-Jan-2023,"Medical product alert on substandard (contaminated) liquid dosage medicines identified inUzbekistanand reported to WHO on 22nd December 2022.AMBRONOL syrupproductsBatches: (AAS2103 AAS2202 AAS2201 AAS2204)andDOK-1 Max syrup productsBatches: DXS2104, P/DXS- H/2101, DXS2105 DXS2106, DXS2107, DXS2108, DXS2109, DXS2201, DXS2202, DXS2203, DXS2205, DXS2206, DXS2207, DXS2208, DXS2209,DXSH2201,DXSH2202The products contained unacceptable amounts of diethylene glycol and /or ethylene glycol as contaminants.",,,Medicines,The World Health Organization (WHO),"Stated as;MARION BIOTECH PVT. LTD, (Uttar Pradesh, India)" | |
| 2024,11thDecember 2024,"Quarantine Order for Suspected Substandard Flurasted Injection, BN HHP24017",https://web.pharmacyboardkenya.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/10.Public-Alert_Flurasted-500mg.pdf,Quarantine Order for Suspected Substandard Flurasted Injection BN HHP24017.pdf,Medicine,PPB,"Halsted Pharma Private Limited, India" | |
| 2024,11thDecember 2024,Quarantine Order for suspected substandard Mefnac Oral Suspension,https://web.pharmacyboardkenya.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/9.Mefnac-Quarantine-Order.pdf,Quarantine Order for suspected substandard Mefnac Oral Suspension.pdf,Medicine,WHO,Efroze Chemical Industries Pvt Ltd | |
| 2024,11thDecember 2024,Unregistered and Substandard Floracil 1000 (5-Fluorouracil),https://web.pharmacyboardkenya.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/7.-Floracil-alert.pdf,Unregistered and Substandard Floracil 1000 5-Fluorouracil.pdf,Medicine,PPB,"Bruck Pharma Pvt Ltd, India" | |
| 2024,22ndNovember 2024,Mandatory Recall of Efinox 1% W/V Batch No. 82979 and Efinox 0.5% W/V Batch No. 82978,https://web.pharmacyboardkenya.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/EFINOX-1-AND-0.5.pdf,Mandatory Recall of Efinox 1 WV Batch No 82979 and Efinox 05 WV Batch No 82978.pdf,Medicine,PPB,"Laboratory & Allied Ltd, Kenya" | |
| 2024,11thNovember 2024,Notice On Falsified USP/EP Propylene Glycol Detected In,https://web.pharmacyboardkenya.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/Notice-document-Falsified-EGDEG.pdf,Notice On Falsified USPEP Propylene Glycol Detected In.pdf,Excipient,WHO,"Batches F9600L7PPA4, F8900L8PPD6 are claimed to be manufactured by Dow Europe GmbH and Batch SS8900B3PPD5is claimed to be manufactured by The Dow Chemical Company" | |
| 2024,26thSeptember 2024,Public Alert on Mandatory Recall of Flamodip (Amlodipine 5mg) Batch NoFLD303,https://web.pharmacyboardkenya.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/5.-Flamodip-Rapid-Alert-2024.pdf,Public Alert on Mandatory Recall of Flamodip Amlodipine 5mg Batch NoFLD303.pdf,Medicine,PPB,"Medico Remedies Limited, India" | |
| 2024,15thAugust 2024,Public Alert on Voluntary Recall of S-Prazo (Esomeprazole 40mg) Batch No.SPZ-302,https://web.pharmacyboardkenya.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/4.-S-PRAZO-Rapid-Alert-2024.pdf,Public Alert on Voluntary Recall of S-Prazo Esomeprazole 40mg Batch NoSPZ-302.pdf,Medicine,PPB,"Medico Remedies Limited, India" | |
| 2024,17thJuly 2024,Public Alert on falsified Ozempic (Semaglutide) Pens,https://web.pharmacyboardkenya.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/3.-FALSIFIED-OZEMPIC-PENS-Rapid-Alert-2024.pdf,Public Alert on falsified Ozempic Semaglutide Pens.pdf,Medicine,PPB,Claimed to be manufactured by Novo Nordisk | |
| 2024,11thMay 2024,"Public notice on falsified Herceptin 440mg (Trastuzumab 440mg), Batch No.C5830083",https://web.pharmacyboardkenya.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/2.-RAPID-ALERT-NOTIFICATION-ON-FALSIFIED-HERCEPTIN-Rapid-Alert-2024.pdf,Public notice on falsified Herceptin 440mg Trastuzumab 440mgBatch NoC5830083.pdf,Medicine,PPB,Claimed to be manufactured by Roche Products Ltd | |
| 2024,11thApril 2024,"Public Alert on Benylin Pediatric 100mls cough syrup, Batch No.329304",https://web.pharmacyboardkenya.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/1.-Benylin-Paediatric-Rapid-Alert-2024.pdf,Public Alert on Benylin Pediatric 100mls cough syrup Batch No329304.pdf,Medicine,PPB,Johnson & Johnson (pty) South Africa | |
| 2025,24/12/2025,"Falsified Simulect (Basiliximab) For Injection, Batch No. SFYD2.",https://web.pharmacyboardkenya.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/Public-Alert-on-Falsified-Simulect-Batch-No-SFYD2.pdf,Falsified Simulect Basiliximab For Injection Batch No SFYD2.pdf,Medical Product,World Health Organization,The falsified product falsely purports the country of manufacture as “Product of Switzerland or France | |
| 2025,24/12/2025,"Falsified Ibrance (Palbociclib), Batch No. FS5173, GS4328, LV1850, and TS2190, GK2981, GR6491, GT5817,HJ8710, and HJ8715",https://web.pharmacyboardkenya.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/Public-Alert-on-Falsified-Ibrance-Batches.pdf,Falsified Ibrance Palbociclib Batch No FS5173 GS4328 LV1850 and TS2190 GK2981 GR6491 GT5817HJ8710 and HJ8715.pdf,Medical Product,World Health Organization,"The product is falsely purported to be manufactured by Pfizer, P.O. Box 29387, Mission, KS 66201" | |
| 2025,6thNovember 2025,Falsified Cialis (Tadalafil 20mg) Batch No 09968,https://web.pharmacyboardkenya.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/Public-Alert-on-Falsified-Cialis-20mg-Batch-No-09968.pdf,Falsified Cialis Tadalafil 20mg Batch No 09968.pdf,Medicinal Product,Pharmacy and Poisons Board,"Stated as Lilly ICOS Ltd, United Kingdom" | |
| 2025,09th October 2025,FALSIFIED AVASTIN (BEVACIZUMAB 100MG) INJECTION BATCH NUMBER,https://web.pharmacyboardkenya.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/FALSIFIED-AVASTIN-BEVACIZUMAB-100MG-INJECTION-BATCH-NUMBER-H0573BO1.pdf,FALSIFIED AVASTIN BEVACIZUMAB 100MG INJECTION BATCH NUMBER.pdf,Medicinal Product,Pharmacy and Poisons Board,Roche | |
| 2025,10thSeptember 2025,Falsified Hepken-5000 (Heparin Injection BP 5000 IU/ML) Batch No ML29053,https://web.pharmacyboardkenya.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/FALSIFIED-HEPKEN-5000-Report.pdf,Falsified Hepken-5000 Heparin Injection BP 5000 IUML Batch No ML29053.pdf,Medicinal Product,Pharmacy and Poisons Board,"Stated as Makcur Laboratory Limited, India" | |
| 2025,24thApril 2025,Mandatory Recall of S-Prazo (Esomeprazole 40mg) Capsules Batch Number SPZ 404,https://web.pharmacyboardkenya.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/8.-S-Prazo.pdf,Mandatory Recall of S-Prazo Esomeprazole 40mg Capsules Batch Number SPZ 404.pdf,Medical Product,Pharmacy and Poisons Board,"Medico Remedies Limited, India" | |
| 2025,24thApril 2025,"Mandatory Recall of Lumidol 1000mg/ 100ml Injection Batch No. CM4594007, CM4594008 and CM4594009",https://web.pharmacyboardkenya.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/7.-Lumidol.pdf,Mandatory Recall of Lumidol 1000mg 100ml Injection Batch No CM4594007 CM4594008 and CM4594009.pdf,Medical Product,Pharmacy and Poisons Board,KamlaAmrut Pharmaceutical LLP India | |
| 2025,24thApril 2025,Mandatory Recall of Paragen 1000mg/ 100ml Injection Batch No. K4290027,https://web.pharmacyboardkenya.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/6.-Paragen-.pdf,Mandatory Recall of Paragen 1000mg 100ml Injection Batch No K4290027.pdf,Medical Product,Pharmacy and Poisons Board,KamlaAmrut Pharmaceutical LLP India | |
| 2025,24thApril 2025,Mandatory Recall of Blink 1000mg/ 100ml Batch No. CS4594005 and CS4594004,https://web.pharmacyboardkenya.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/5.-Blink.pdf,Mandatory Recall of Blink 1000mg 100ml Batch No CS4594005 and CS4594004.pdf,Medical Product,Pharmacy and Poisons Board,KamlaAmrut Pharmaceutical LLP India | |
| 2025,24thApril 2025,Falsified Augmentin Tablets 1g Batch Numbers EU7C & SG2S and 625mg Batch Number 8X3K,https://web.pharmacyboardkenya.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/4.-Augumentin.pdf,Falsified Augmentin Tablets 1g Batch Numbers EU7C SG2S and 625mg Batch Number 8X3K.pdf,Medical Product,Pharmacy and Poisons Board,"Stated as SmithKline Beecham Limited, United Kingdom" | |
| 2025,17thMarch 2025,Lift of the Quarantine Order on Mefnac (Mefenamic acid 50mg/5ml) Oral Suspension,https://web.pharmacyboardkenya.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/3.-Mefnac_Lift-of-Quarantine-Order.pdf,Lift of the Quarantine Order on Mefnac Mefenamic acid 50mg5ml Oral Suspension.pdf,Medicine,World Health Organisation,Efroze Chemical Industries Pvt Ltd | |
| 2025,6thJanuary 2025,Unregistered and suspected Substandard Oxaliage and Namanheparin,https://web.pharmacyboardkenya.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/2.-Public-Alert_Heparin-Inj_Oxaliage-Inj.pdf,Unregistered and suspected Substandard Oxaliage and Namanheparin.pdf,Medical Product,Pharmacy and Poisons Board,"Oxaliage manufactured by Medion Biotech Pvt Ltd, IndiaNamanheparin manufactured by Naman Drugs, India" | |
| 2025,6thJanuary 2025,Mandatory recall of Flurasted 500 (5-Fluorouracil) Injection Batch No HHP24017,https://web.pharmacyboardkenya.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/1.-Flurasted_Report.pdf,Mandatory recall of Flurasted 500 5-Fluorouracil Injection Batch No HHP24017.pdf,Medical Product,Pharmacy and Poisons Board,Halsted Pharma Private Limited | |