dataset stringclasses 1
value | id stringlengths 9 13 | question stringlengths 6 1.22k | choices listlengths 4 4 | rationale stringlengths 1 22.5k ⌀ | answer stringclasses 4
values |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
medmcqa | medmcqa_0 | True about fungal corneal ulcer –a) Symptoms are severe b) Dry looking ulcerc) Satellite lesiond) Shifting hypopyone) Immunogenic ring | [
"bce",
"bc",
"acd",
"ace"
] | Option d requires some explanation here (all other options have been explained).
Shifting Vs non- shifting hypopyon
The hypopyon, if fluid (as in sterile hypopyon of bacterial ulcer), will be seen to shift i.e., a change in fluid level with tilting or change in position of the head → Shifting hypopyon. On the other h... | A |
medmcqa | medmcqa_1 | Punched out edge is characteristic of which type of
ulcer: | [
"Tuberculosis",
"Rodent ulcer",
"Syphillitic",
"Non specific"
] | null | C |
medmcqa | medmcqa_2 | A 11-year-old boy presents in the outpatient department with complaints of not developing secondary sexual characteristics. On examination, child is found to have tall stature, no secondary sexual characteristics. Testes are found to be small and firm and gynecomastia is noted. What is the most probable clinical diagno... | [
"Klinefelter's syndrome",
"Edwards syndrome",
"Patau syndrome",
"Turner syndrome"
] | Ans. A. Klinefelter syndromeKlinefelter syndrome is a genetic condition that results when a boy is born with an extra copy of the X chromosome.Klinefelter syndrome is a common genetic condition affecting males, and it often isn't diagnosed until adulthood. It refers to a form of hypogonadism comprising small testis, fa... | A |
medmcqa | medmcqa_3 | The ideal material used for Femoro-Popliteal shunt is | [
"Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)",
"Reverse Saphenous vein",
"Polypropylene",
"Dacron"
] | (B) Reverse Saphenous veinInterventional Procedures: Lower extremitiesBypass graft:Synthetic: Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), DacronAutogenous vein grafts:-Reversed; In situPercutaneous angioplasty (PTA)Stents Bypass Surgery:Some Bypass Options:Reverse the saphenous vein for femoro popliteal bypass.Synthetic prosthesis... | B |
medmcqa | medmcqa_4 | Which of the following cardiac lesion is least likely to occur in Congenital Rubella syndrome? | [
"ASD",
"VSD",
"PDA",
"Pulmonary Stenosis"
] | Most common cause of cardiac lesion in congenital Rubella syndrome is PDA > Pulmonary stenosis > VSD > ASD. | A |
medmcqa | medmcqa_5 | Which of the following is not a feature of rhinosporidiosis | [
"Bleeding polyp",
"Oral dapsone is useful in treatment",
"Excision with the knife is the treatment",
"Russel bodies are seen"
] | Russel bodies are seen in rhinoscleroma. | D |
medmcqa | medmcqa_6 | The most potent topical corticosteroid is - | [
"Betamethasone valerate",
"Triamcinolone acetonide",
"Hydrocortisone acetate",
"Clobetasol propionate"
] | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Clobetasol propionate Classification of topical steroids based on potencyClass 1(Super potent)Clobetasol propionate ointment and cream 0.5% Betamethasone dipropionate ointment 0.05% Halobetasol propionate ointment and cream 0.05%Class 2(Highly potent)Mometasone furoate ointment 0.1%Class 3(Potent)Beta... | D |
medmcqa | medmcqa_7 | Insulin acts by which pathway- | [
"Tyrosin kinase",
"JAK-STAT-Kinase",
"Transcription factor",
"Intrinsic ion channel"
] | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Tyrosin kinase | A |
medmcqa | medmcqa_8 | Rahul, 51-yrs-old who has chewed tobacco for more than 20 years presents with a slowly enlarging mass on the floor of his mouth. Examination finds the mass, 1.3 cm in greatest dimension, white in color and irregular in appearance. Biopsies from this lesion are most likely to reveals which one of the following malignanc... | [
"Acinic cell carcinoma",
"Adenocarcinoma",
"Basal cell carcinoma",
"Squamous cell carcinoma"
] | Squamous cell carcinoma * Carcinoma of the oral cavity accounts for approximately 5% of all human malignancies. More than 90% of oral carcinomas are of the squamous cell type; precursor lesions include leukoplakia (dysplastic leukoplakia) and erythroplasia, with transformation rates of approximately 15 and 50%, respect... | D |
medmcqa | medmcqa_9 | Drug capable of causing ocular hypotension with apnoea in infants is:- | [
"Acetazolamide",
"Latanoprost",
"Brimonidine",
"Apraclonidine"
] | Brimonidine is contraindicated in infant <2 yo because it cause brain suppression leading to apnea. Apraclonidine and Brimonidine both are topical alpha adrenergic agonist which decrease aqueous humor production and increase aqeous outflow. Apraclonidine cause lid retraction. Latanoprost :- PGF2alpha P- Pigmentation of... | C |
medmcqa | medmcqa_10 | BCYE medium is used to culture - | [
"Mycoplasma",
"T. pallidum",
"H.pylori",
"Legionella"
] | null | D |
medmcqa | medmcqa_11 | The flap technique procedure which does not increase the width of attached gingiva: | [
"Apically positioned flap",
"Undisplaced flap",
"Fenestration operation",
"Free gingival graft"
] | null | B |
medmcqa | medmcqa_12 | All are involved in iron metabolism except: | [
"Hepcidin",
"Ferroportin",
"Transthyretin",
"Ceruloplasmin"
] | Ans. C. TransthyretinHepcidin is the regulator of iron homeostasis. Ferroprotin is their on exporter protein into circulation from intestinal cells. Ceruloplasmin has ferroxidase which convert Fe2+ to Fe3+ so it can serve the purpose of hephaestin in iron metabolism. Transthyretin is a transport protein for Thyroxine a... | C |
medmcqa | medmcqa_13 | Ptosis with lid lag is seen in: | [
"Traumatic ptosis",
"Myogenic ptosis",
"Synkinesis",
"Congenital ptosis"
] | Ans. Congenital ptosis | D |
medmcqa | medmcqa_14 | Which of the following aery is NOT ligated in a case of epistaxis? | [
"Anterior ethmoidal aery",
"Maxillary aery",
"Internal carotid aery",
"External carotid aery"
] | Internal carotid aery shouldn't be ligated in epistaxis due to risk of development of collateral blood flow into pseudoaneurysm leading to recurrent epistaxis. Aeries which can be ligated in a case of epistaxis are: Anterior and posterior ethmoidal aery, sphenopalatine aery (SPA). More rarely the internal maxillary aer... | C |
medmcqa | medmcqa_15 | Blowout injury refers to what | [
"Fracture of orbit",
"Fracture of maxillary antrum",
"Fracture of temporal bone",
"Open Fracture from inside out of a long bone"
] | The floor of orbit is its weakest wall and in blunt trauma such as a blow from a fist ,it is often fractured without fractures of the other walls.This is called blow-out fracture Bailey & Love ,26th,627. | A |
medmcqa | medmcqa_16 | In intra-operative radiotherapy which of the following therapeutic mode is commonly employed? | [
"Electron",
"Photon",
"X-ray",
"Gamma rays"
] | Ans. A. Electron.Intraoperative radiotherapy using electron beam has the potential to deliver higher doses of radiations to the tumor (pancreatic carcinoma mainly, carcinoma stomach, rectal cancers, head and neck cancers, retroperitoneal sarcomas and some genitourinary and gynecological cancers) while sparing neighbori... | A |
medmcqa | medmcqa_17 | Red cells are caught as innocent bystanders in the reaction between drug and antibodies against that drug, and develops hemolysis. Which drug is responsible for such a reaction? | [
"Penicillin",
"Sulfonamide",
"Naphthalene",
"Primaquine"
] | After exposure red cells can be caught as innocent bystanders during the reaction between penicillin and antipenicillin antibodies. Ref: Harrison's principles of internal medicine, 18th edition, Page 881. | A |
medmcqa | medmcqa_18 | Naloxone is not used during resuscitation of a childwhose mother is on : | [
">Methadone",
">Phenycyclidine",
">Amphetamine",
">Cocaine"
] | Metandone "At the delivery of known opioid dependent women, naloxone should be avoided in resuscitation of the infant because it may precipitate seizures" Naloxone is used to reverse neonatal respiratory depression due to opioid use during labour. It should not be used in cases where mother is opioid dependent. It can ... | A |
medmcqa | medmcqa_19 | A 30-year-old woman with family history of hearing loss from her mother's side developed hearing problem during pregnancy. Hearing loss is bilateral, slowly progressive, with bilateral tinnitus that bothers her at night. Pure tone audiometry shows conductive hearing loss with an apparent bone conduction hearing loss at... | [
"Otosclerosis",
"Acoustic neuroma",
"Otitis media with effusion",
"Sigmoid sinus thrombosis"
] | Otosclerosis mostly involves females, has a positive family history and causes slow progressive bilateral hearing loss. Audiogram is characterized by Carhart's notch--a dip in bone conduction at 2000 Hz.Carhart's notch is loss of bone conduction in audiogram. It is a feature of otosclerosis. Loss is5 dB in 500 Hz10 dB ... | A |
medmcqa | medmcqa_20 | All are anti-androgens except | [
"Finasteride",
"Flutamide",
"Cyproterone acetate",
"Dihydrotestosteron"
] | Testosterone which is a natural androgen is conveed to more active dihydrotestosterone by the enzyme steroid 5alpha-reductase. All others are anti-androgens. Flutamide, nilutamide, bicalutamide are androgen receptor antagonists (Ref.Essential s of medical pharmacology TD Tripathi 7th edition page no.296) | D |
medmcqa | medmcqa_21 | A 28-year-old woman in the third trimester of pregnancy has experienced severe dizziness for several days and is admitted to the hospital. During physical examination her blood pressure is normal when standing or sitting. When the patient is supine, her blood pressure drops to 90/50 mm Hg. What is the most likely expla... | [
"Compression of the inferior vena cava",
"Compression of the superior vena cava",
"Compression of the aorta",
"Compression of the common carotid artery"
] | The inferior vena cava quite likely undergoes compression by the growing fetus when the mother is in the supine position. In this case the compression led to reduced blood flow through the heart, with a resultant drop in blood pressure. The other structures listed as answers are not likely to be compressed by the growi... | A |
medmcqa | medmcqa_22 | In cold caloric stimulation test, the cold water, induces movement of the eye ball in the following direction - | [
"Towards the opposite side",
"Towards the same side",
"Upwards",
"Downwards"
] | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Towards the opposite side o Cold water provokes nystagmus towards the opposite ear, while warm water provokes nystagmus towardssame ear (COWS Cold - oppsite, Warm-same). | A |
medmcqa | medmcqa_23 | Most common malignant intraorbital tumor in adult is - | [
"Lymphoma",
"Rhabdomyosarcoma",
"Dermoid cyst",
"Sarcoma"
] | Malignant adult tumors are most commonly lymphoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and metastatic disease. Less commonly, thetumor is an adenoid cystic carcinoma of the lacrimal gland, which is an aggressive tumor. Lymphomas involving the orbit are typically B-cell and characteristically low grade Ref khurana 6/e | A |
medmcqa | medmcqa_24 | Patterns of Inter-relationships between persons in a society is - | [
"Social structure",
"Social psychology",
"Herd structure",
"Social science"
] | Social structure refers to the patterns of Inter-relationships between persons in a society Social psychology is concerned with the psychology of individuals living in human society or groups Social sciences is applied to those disciplines which are committed to the scientific examiation of human behaviour Herd structu... | A |
medmcqa | medmcqa_25 | Cloudy cornea is/are seen: | [
"Klinefelter syndrome",
"Turner syndrome",
"Megalocornea",
"Mucopolysaccharidosis"
] | Answer- D. MucopolysaccharidosisS-SclerocorneaT-TraumaU-UlcerM- MucopolysaccharidosisP-Peter anomalyED- Congenital hereditary endothelial dystrophy | D |
medmcqa | medmcqa_26 | A pt of BPD on lithium for 6months after fasting for a day presents with seizure coarse tremors confusion and weakness of limbs Whats the most accurate to diagnosis her condition | [
"Serum Electrolyte",
"S Lithium",
"S creatinine",
"ECG"
] | Lithium intoxication * Mild: Sleepy, Proximal muscle weaknes , Impaired memory, G-t: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea. * Moderate: !eurotoxic: Delirium, Convulsion, Coma, Incontinence, ivper- reflexia, Fasciculation, Parkinson-like : Ataxia. Un-coordination * Severe: Nenhrotoxic: Nocturia, Distal tubular acidosis, Impaired R... | B |
medmcqa | medmcqa_27 | aplastic anemia is the side effect of | [
"valproate",
"carbamezepine",
"lamotrigine",
"lithium"
] | Carbamazepine - SIDE EFFECTS OF THE DRUG - APLASTIC ANEMIA - AGRANULOCYTOSIS - Hyponatremia - Steven Johnson's syndrome - Liver enzyme elevation - It has teratogenic potential Ref. Kaplon and sadock, synopsis of psychiatry, 11 th edition, pg no.935 | B |
medmcqa | medmcqa_28 | Dobutamine acts on which of the following receptors? | [
"D1",
"Alpha/Beta",
"D2",
"All of the above"
] | Ans. B. Alpha/Beta. (Ref. KDT 6th/pg. 126, 129; 507)# Dobutamine is not a D1 or D2 receptor agonist. It acts on both a and b adrenergic receptors, but as such considered to be a relatively selective b1 agonist.Difference between b1: ,b2 andb3 recptors; b1b2b31.LocationHeart, JG cells in kidneyBronchi, blood vessels, ut... | B |
medmcqa | medmcqa_29 | All are ototoxic drugs except - | [
"Streptomycin",
"Vancomycin",
"Furosamide",
"Atropine"
] | Ans. is 'd' i.e.. Atropine Important ototoxic drugso Aminglycoside antibiotics:Streptomycin, gentamycin, tobramycin, neomycin, fcanamycin, amikacin, sisomycino Other antibiotics: Erythromycin, vancomycin, polymixin B, colistin, Ampicillino Loop diuretics: Furosemide, Ethacrynic acido Antineoplastics : Cisplatin, carbop... | D |
medmcqa | medmcqa_30 | The following statements are ture regarding the SA node except - | [
"Is located at the right border of the ascending aorta",
"In contains specialized nodal cardiac muscle",
"It is supplied by the atrial branche of the right coronary artery",
"It initiates cardiac conduction"
] | SA node is supplied mostly by right coronary artery and beats at a rate of 70-80/min. It is situated at upper end of crista terminalis in the right atrium. | A |
medmcqa | medmcqa_31 | True about enzyme specificity: | [
"Amount of enzyme required per second, per mole or product formation",
"Number of sites per substrate",
"Amount of enzyme binding with various substrates",
"Amount of enzyme causing transformation of 1 mol of substrate per minute under standard condition"
] | The specific activity of enzyme is usually expressed as p mol of substrate transformed to product per minute per milligram of enzymes under optimal condition of measurement.1 international unit (IU) =1 micromole / minuteModern unit of enzyme activity, 1 katals (kat) =1 mole/second (i.e. conservation of 1 moles of subst... | D |
medmcqa | medmcqa_32 | Anterior ethmoidal nerve suplies all except: | [
"Maxillary sinus",
"Interior of nasal cavity",
"Dural sheath of anterior cranial fossa",
"Ethmoidal air cells"
] | Maxillary sinus Maxillary sinus is not supplied by ant. ethmoidal nerve.Anterior ethmoidal nerve is the branch of the nasociliary nerve; a branch of ophthalmic division of trigeminal nerve.Ant. ethmoidal nerve supplies- Dura mater of ant. cranial fossa- Ethmoidal sinuses- Roof of the nasal cavity- Anterior pa of the la... | A |
medmcqa | medmcqa_33 | True about pKa is:- | [
"pH at which ionized fraction of drug equals to unionized fraction",
"pH at which ionized fraction of drug is more than unionized fraction",
"pH at which ionized fraction of drug is less than unionized fraction",
"pH at which ionized fraction of drug is twice unionized fraction"
] | * pKa is the pH at which ionized fraction(50%) of drug equals to unionized fraction(50%). * i.e. 50% is lipid soluble and 50% is water soluble. * It is the pH at which 50% of drug can cross the membrane and 50% of drug cannot cross the membrane. | A |
medmcqa | medmcqa_34 | What is the basic minimum illumination required for satisfactory vision?- | [
"10-15 foot candles",
"15-20 foot candles",
"20-25 foot candles",
"25-30 foot candles"
] | (PARK TB 23rd edtn pg 739) The lighting should be sufficient to enable eye to discern the details of an object as well as the surroundings without eye strain. An illumination of 15 to 20 candles is accepted as the basic minimum for satisfactory vision. | B |
medmcqa | medmcqa_35 | Fournier's gangrene occurs in the | [
"Toes",
"Scrotum",
"Fingers",
"Muscles"
] | See Idiopathic scrotal gangrene. | B |
medmcqa | medmcqa_36 | The most common complication of vagotomy is: | [
"Diarrhoea",
"Dryness of mouth",
"Tachycardia",
"Bleaching"
] | Postvagotomy diarrhea- most commonly observed after truncal vagotomy Due to a motility disorder from interruption of the vagal fibers supplying the luminal gut. Other factors may include decreased absorption of nutrients, increased excretion of bile acids, release of luminal factors that promote secretion. Diphenoxylat... | A |
medmcqa | medmcqa_37 | Single gene defect ca using multiple unrelated problems - | [
"Pleiotropism",
"Pseudodominance",
"Penetrance",
"Anticipation"
] | Ans. is 'a' i.e. Pleiotropy o Pleiotropy occurs when a mutation in a single gene produces effects on more than one characteristic, that is causes multiple mutant phenotypes. o In humans this phenomenon is most obvious when mutations in single genes causes diseases with seemingly unrelated symptoms. Some examles of this... | A |
medmcqa | medmcqa_38 | Maple syrup urine disease is characterised by all except - | [
"Hypotonia",
"Hypertonia",
"Pancreatitis",
"Hypopigmentation"
] | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Hypopigmentation* Maple syrup urine disease is caused by a defect of branched chain keto acid dehydrogenase (BCKADH), the enzyme which is involved in the catabolism of branched chain amino acids - valine, leucine and isoleucine* The disorder is so called because of the classic sweet odour observed in ... | D |
medmcqa | medmcqa_39 | Bacterial endocarditis is most commonly caused by? | [
"a -Hemolytic streptococci",
"b -Hemolytic streptococci",
"Staphylococcus aureus",
"Cardiobacterium"
] | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Staphylococcus aureusEndocarditis is an inflammation of the inner layer of the hea, i.e. endocardium.o It usually involve the hea valves (native or prosthetic).o Other structures which may be involved are interventricular septum, chordae tendinae, the mural endocardium, and intracardiac devices.Endoca... | C |
medmcqa | medmcqa_40 | Killing of a 6 months old child by parents is known as ? | [
"Genocide",
"Infanticide",
"Neonatal homicide",
"Aboion"
] | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Infanticide Infanticide refers to killing a child after delivery, to till 1 year after bih. Infanticide in India is considered equivalent tomurder and is tried under section 302 IPC. Law considers every child as born dead and therefore in a case of infanticide,it has to be proved that the child was bo... | B |
medmcqa | medmcqa_41 | Most common viral disease affecting parotid glands- | [
"Mumps",
"Measles",
"Rubella",
"Varicella"
] | null | A |
medmcqa | medmcqa_42 | Na+ uptake at basolateral surface of apical cells is by | [
"Active transpo",
"Passive transpo",
"Diffusion",
"Osmosis"
] | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Active transpo | A |
medmcqa | medmcqa_43 | True about nerve fiber C is | [
"Most susceptible to hypoxia",
"Unmyelinated",
"Preganglionic autonomic",
"Not for temperature and pain senses"
] | SPECIAL FEATURES
1) Susceptibility to
A) Hypoxia B > A > C
B) Pressure A > B > C
C) Local Anasthesia C > B > A
2) Diameter
A alpha > A beta > A gamma > A delta > B > C
3) Velocity
A alpha > A beta > A gamma > A delta > B > C
4) a)Large axons are associated with
Proprioce... | B |
medmcqa | medmcqa_44 | Inheritance pattern of ABO blood group system is | [
"Pseudodominance",
"Autosomal dominant",
"Autosomal recessive",
"Codominance"
] | harshmohan textbook of pathology 7th edition ABO blood grouping shows codominance as both alleles of a gene pair are expressed in heterozygous state | D |
medmcqa | medmcqa_45 | Facial colliculus is seen in - | [
"Midbrain",
"Pons",
"Medulla",
"Interpeduncular fossa"
] | null | B |
medmcqa | medmcqa_46 | Platelets are derived from which of the following cell types? | [
"Megakaryocytes",
"Lymphocytes",
"Neutrophils",
"Plasma cells"
] | Megakaryocytes are giant cells found in the bone marrow and are the source of circulating platelets. The megakaryocyte undergoes many rounds of DNA replication without undergoing cell division. Once DNA synthesis has stopped, the cytoplasm of the cell matures. Platelets bud from the main cell body of the megakaryocyte.... | A |
medmcqa | medmcqa_47 | Which of the following is not a usual feature of right middle cerebral aery territory infarct : | [
"Aphasia.",
"Hemiparesis",
"Facial weakness",
"Dysahria"
] | Answer is A (Aphasia): Aphasia is a manifestation of dominant parietal lobe involvement. Dominant hemisphere is right handed person is left hemisphere and thus a right middle cerebral aery infarct indicates 'Non Dominant Paial Lobe' involvement. Apahsia will not be a manifestation because an infarction in middle cerebr... | A |
medmcqa | medmcqa_48 | In 3 year child with polio paralysis, the tendon transfer operation is done at - | [
"2 months after the disease",
"2 years after the disease",
"6-12 months after the disease",
"After skeleton maturation"
] | Tendon transfers : are done to equalize an unbalanced paralysis or to use the motor power of working muscles for more useful functions. It is not done before 5 yrs of age as the child has to be manageable enough to be taught proper exercises.
As the child is 3 years old, tendon transfer should be done after 2 years (at... | B |
medmcqa | medmcqa_49 | Prophylactic intracranial irradiations are given in – | [
"Small cell Ca of lung",
"Testicular Ca",
"Ca breast",
"Ca stomach"
] | Prophylactic craniospinal irradiation is given in:- medulloblastoma, SCC lung, Glioblastoma, Germinoma, ALL, Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), Leptomeningeal rhabdomyosarcoma | A |
medmcqa | medmcqa_50 | Local anaesthesia causing methemoglobinemia ? | [
"Procaine",
"Prilocaine",
"Etodicaine",
"Ropivacaine"
] | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Prilocaine Prilocaine and benzocaine can cause methemoglobinemia. Impoant facts Chlorprocaine is the shoest acting LA. Dibucaine is the longest acting, most potent and most toxic LA. Bupivacaine is the most cardiotoxic LA (Ropivacaine is a newer bupivacaine congener with less cardiotoxicity). o Levobu... | B |
medmcqa | medmcqa_51 | Millennium development goal targets to reduce MMR in 2015 by:- | [
"0.25",
"0.75",
"0.5",
"1"
] | - Target 6 of Goal-5 of MDG aims to reduce Maternal Moality ratio by 3/4th or 0.75. GOALS OF MDG: However, now 17 Sustainable Development Goals or SDGs have been introduced from 2016 - 2030. | B |
medmcqa | medmcqa_52 | Hypopigmentation, gray streaks of hair, degranulation defect of neutrophils and neuropathy are seen in | [
"aleukemic Leukemia",
"chronic granulocytic leukemia",
"Lazy leukocyte syndrome",
"Chediak higashi syndrome"
] | null | D |
medmcqa | medmcqa_53 | Which of the follow ing deficiency does not cause dilated cardiomyopathy - | [
"Calcium",
"Selenium",
"Manganese",
"Carnitine"
] | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Manganese Major causes of dilated cardiomyopathy (with common examples)Inflammatory myocarditisMatabolicInfectiveViral (Coxsackie. adenovirus, HIV, hepatitis C)Parasitic (T. cruzi- Chagas1 disease, toxoplasmosis)Bacterial (diphtheria)Spirochetal (Borellia burgdorferi-Lyme disease)Rickettsial- (Q fever... | C |
medmcqa | medmcqa_54 | Best skin disinfectant for central line inseion is: | [
"Povione iodine",
"Alcohol",
"Cetrimide",
"Chlorhexidine"
] | Ans is 'd' i.e. Chlorhexidine "Chlorhexidine is now the disinfectant recommended for all catheter placement procedures and for routine site cleansing during dressing changes."- Comprehensive Hospital Medicine: An Evidence-Based And Systems Approach By Mark V. Williams, Scott A. Flanders, p320 "Use of antiseptic solutio... | D |
medmcqa | medmcqa_55 | A child can Count 4 pennies accurately by the age of ? | [
"30 months",
"36 months",
"48 months",
"60 months"
] | Emerging patterns for language behaviour from 1-5years of age 15months Jargon Follows simple commands May name a familiar object (e.g., ball) Responds to his/her name 18months 10 words (average) Names pictures Identifies 1 or more pas of the body 24months Puts 3 words together (subject, verb, object) 30months Refers to... | C |
medmcqa | medmcqa_56 | An angiographic study of the distal pa of the circle of Willis requires access to the veebral aery. Access to this aery can be obtained the: | [
"Anterior triangle of the neck",
"Muscular triangle of the neck",
"Posterior triangle of the neck",
"Suboccipital triangle"
] | The suboccipital triangle lies in the neck at the base of the skull. The suboccipital triangle is bounded by the inferior oblique, rectus major, and superior oblique muscles. The veebral aery can be found within the suboccipital triangle, lying on the posterior arch of the atlas, lateral to the midline, typically at ab... | D |
medmcqa | medmcqa_57 | Disc edema is not seen in: | [
"Retro bulbar neuritis",
"Papillitis",
"Papilledema",
"Optic nerve glioma"
] | Retro bulbar neuritis REF: Neuro-ophthalmology: the practical guide, By Leonard A. Levin page 101 Optic Disc Edema: Possible diagnostic consideration of appearance of optic disc edema is to determine whether the disc edema is pathological or just the disc itself is congenitally elevated (Pseudopapilledema). A reliable ... | A |
medmcqa | medmcqa_58 | The record of the position of the patients maxillary ridge in relation to the condyles is the | [
"Jaw relation",
"Articulator",
"Face bow record",
"Centric jaw relation"
] | null | C |
medmcqa | medmcqa_59 | Which of the following can be given orally aEUR' | [
"Cytosine ara",
"Actinomycin D",
"Doxorubicin",
"Mesna"
] | Mesna MESNA is given alongwith alkylating agents to prevent nephrotoxicity due to cyclophosphanzide. Cyclophosphamide and Ifosfamide are alkylating agents that release a nephrotoxic and urotoxic metabolite -> Acrolein. Acrolein causes severe hemorrhagic cystitis. MESNA is administered to prevent hemorrhagic cystitis. M... | D |
medmcqa | medmcqa_60 | Myd88 L265p mutation is seen in: | [
"Multiple myeloma",
"Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia",
"ALL",
"Chronic myeloid leukemia"
] | B i.e. Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemiaRef: Robbins 9th edition, page 538Explanation:Waldenstrom MacroglobulinemiaIndolent neoplasm.Also known as lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma.Involves bone marrow (100%), liver, spleen, lymph nodes (15 - 20%).Rare sites of involvement lung and testis (PGIMER exam options).IgM secretion.MYD... | B |
medmcqa | medmcqa_61 | Diagnosis of folic acid deficiency is done by all except | [
"FIGLU estimation",
"Peripheral blood smears",
"AICAR estimation",
"transketolase activity"
] | Blood Level: Normal folic acid level in serum is about 20 nanograms/ml and about 200 microgram/ml of packed cells. The level is measured by radioimmunoassay. Histidine load test or FIGLU excretion test: Histidine is normally metabolised to formimino glutamic acid (FIGLU) from which formimino group is removed by THFA. T... | D |
medmcqa | medmcqa_62 | Tumor suppressor genes are all, except:- | [
"APC",
"p53",
"Rb",
"C-myc"
] | C-myc is a proto-oncogene of transcriptional activator category and is associated with Burkitt's lymphoma. | D |
medmcqa | medmcqa_63 | Best local anaesthetic for ophthalmic surgery is- | [
"Tetracaine",
"Prilocaine",
"Procaine",
"Bupivacaine"
] | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Bupivacaine o The choice of local anaesthetic for ocular surgery varies,o But lidocaine (2%) and bupivacaine (0.5-0.75%) are used most commonly.o Generally the use of 1:1 mixture of 2% lidocaine (xylocaine) and 0.50% bupivacaine along with adrenaline and hyaluronidase in facial, retrobulbar and peribu... | D |
medmcqa | medmcqa_64 | True regarding presentation of Primary TB is: | [
"Bilateral pleural effusion with negative tuberculin test",
"Unilateral hilar lymphadenopathy",
"Sustained chronic pyrexia",
"B/L pleural effusion with positive tuberculin test"
] | TB in young children is almost invariably accompanied by hilar or paratracheal lymphadenopathy due to the spread of bacilli from the lung parenchyma through lymphatic vessels. | B |
medmcqa | medmcqa_65 | Superior rectal vein drains into- | [
"Inferior mesenteric vein",
"External iliac vein",
"Internal iliac vein",
"Internal pudendal vein"
] | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Inferior mesenteric vein o Superior rectal vein drains into inferior mesenteric vein,o Inferior rectal vein drains into internal pudendal vein. | A |
medmcqa | medmcqa_66 | Bedsore is an example of: | [
"Tropical ulcer",
"Trophic ulcer",
"Venous ulcer",
"Post thrombotic ulcer"
] | Ans. (b) Trophic ulcer* Bedsore is a pressure ulcer. Most common in sacrum site due to persistent pressure in the back.* This is a type of trophic ulcer.* This can be prevented by frequent change of positioning of the bedridden patient and using Water/Aqua bed.* Once bedsore is formed it is difficult to treat.* Treatme... | B |
medmcqa | medmcqa_67 | A 8 year old boy presented with swelling in the left eye of 3 months, examination revealed proptosis of left eye with preserved vision. Right eye is normal. CT scan revealed intraorbital extraconal mass lesion. Biopsy revealed embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma. Metastatic work up was normal. The standard line of treatment is ... | [
"Chemotherapy only",
"Wide local excision",
"Enucleation",
"Chemotherapy and Radiaton therapy"
] | Treatment of choice for rhabdomyosarcoma is Radiotherapy followed by chemotherapy. | D |
medmcqa | medmcqa_68 | Rinne test is negative in: | [
"Sensorineural deafness",
"Acoustic neuroma",
"Tympanosclerosis",
"Meniere's disease"
] | (c) Tympanosclerosis(Ref Cummings, 6th ed., 2203)Tympanosclerosis being a conductive pathology so BC > AC so Rinne will be negative.All the other options being SN deafness so AC > BC so Rinne will be positive. | C |
medmcqa | medmcqa_69 | Which among the following is used in deflouridation of water? | [
"Alum and lime",
"Potassium permanganate",
"Ozonisation",
"Bromides"
] | Ans: a (Alum and Lime) Ref: Park, 19th ed, p. 511,582The addition of lime and alum in sequence followed by flocculation, sedimentation and filtration for defluridation of water is Nalgonda technique.The recommended level of fluorides in drinking water in India accepted as 0.5 to 0.8 mg/ltr.Endemic fluorosis.It has been... | A |
medmcqa | medmcqa_70 | Which of the following liver tumor has a propensity to invade the poal or hepatic vein? | [
"Cavernous hemangioma",
"Hepatocellular carcinoma",
"Focal nodular hyperplasia",
"Hepatic adenoma"
] | Hepatocellular carcinoma Characteristic of HCC; Propensity to invade the poal vein Causing "Multicentric & Bi-lobar" spread (in 75%-80%) . This happens because POAL VEINS are valveless . | B |
medmcqa | medmcqa_71 | Most sensitive test for carpal tunnel syndrome - | [
"Phalen's test",
"Tinel's sign",
"Tourniquet test",
"None"
] | *Phalen&;s test / wrist flexion : the patient is asked to actively place the wrist in complete but unforced flexion . If tingling & numbness are produced in median nerve distribution of the hand within 60 seconds , the test is positive . it is the most sensitive provocative test , has a specificity of 80%. *Tinel &;s s... | A |
medmcqa | medmcqa_72 | T. pallidum was discovered by | [
"Schaudin and Hoffman",
"Ellerman and Bang",
"Twort",
"Robert Koch"
] | Ans. a (Schaudin and Hoffman) (Ref. Anantanarayan, Microbiology, 8th/ p. 5; 377)Treponema pallidum, the causative agent of syphilis, was discovered by Schaudinn and Hoffmann (1905) in the chancres and ingunal nodes of syphilitic pts. Pallidum refers to pale staining.Important discoveries in MicrobiologySr. no.Scientist... | A |
medmcqa | medmcqa_73 | In an adult male, on per rectal examination, the following structures can be felt anteriorly except: | [
"Internal iliac lymph nodes",
"Bulb of the penis",
"Prostate",
"Seminal vesicle when enlarged"
] | Internal iliac lymph nodes can be palpated laterally when they are enlarged & not anteriorly Ref: Anatomy Workbook By Colin Hinrichsen, Peter Lisowski, 2007, Page 103 | A |
medmcqa | medmcqa_74 | Baclofen is: | [
"Centrally acting muscle relaxant",
"Peripherally acting muscle relaxant",
"Both centrally and peripherally acting muscle relaxant",
"Direct acting muscle relaxant"
] | Baclofen is a centrally acting muscle relaxant . Baclofen is primarily used for the treatment of spastic movement disorders, especially in instances of spinal cord injury, cerebral palsy, and multiple sclerosis. Its use in people with stroke or Parkinson's disease is not recommended From padmaja 4th edition Page no 83 | A |
medmcqa | medmcqa_75 | A 55-year-old postmenopausal lady with simple endometrial hyperplasia with atypia. What is the management? | [
"Hysterectomy",
"Mirena",
"Progestin",
"Estrogens"
] | Ans. is a i.e. Hysterectomy* Women with atypical hyperplasia should undergo a total hysterectomy because of the risk of underlying malignancy or progression to cancer.* A laparoscopic approach to total hysterectomy is preferable to an abdominal approach as it is associated with a shorter hospital stay, less postoperati... | A |
medmcqa | medmcqa_76 | All among the following are characteristics of postmoem abrasions except | [
"Exudation is more and scab is slightly raised",
"Yellowish, translucent, Parchment like color",
"Usually over bony prominences",
"No intra-vital reaction is seen"
] | Source Ante moem wounds Post-moem wounds Site Anywhere on the body Usually over bony prominences Colour Bright reddish brown Yellowish, translucent, Parchment like Exudation More; scab slightly raised Less; scab often lies slightly below the level of skin Microscopic Intravital reaction and congestion seen No intravita... | A |
medmcqa | medmcqa_77 | Poal vein begins at the level of which veebra? | [
"L2",
"L4",
"L5",
"None of the above"
] | The poal vein begins at the level of the second lumbar veebra and is formed from the convergence of the superior mesenteric and splenic veins. It is 8 cm long and lies anterior to the inferior vena cava and posterior to the neck of the pancreasRef: Gray's anatomy 40th edition, Chapter 85. | A |
medmcqa | medmcqa_78 | The cardiac jelly formed around the hea tube during early development, contributes to the formation of? | [
"Pericardium",
"Mesocardium",
"Myocardium",
"Endocardial cushion valves"
] | Prior to looping, the acellular space between the myocardium and endocardium in the hea is filled with a deformable extracellular matrix, the cardiac jelly, secreted by the myocardium. Radioactive labeling demonstrates that proteins produced in the myocardium flow toward the endocardium and are incorporated into the ba... | D |
medmcqa | medmcqa_79 | A 68-year-old man with prostate cancer and bone metastases presents with shaking chills and fever. The peripheral WBC count is 1,000/mL (normal = 4,000 to 11,000/mL). Which of the following terms best describes this hematologic finding? | [
"Leukocytosis",
"Leukopenia",
"Neutrophilia",
"Leukemoid reaction"
] | Leukopenia=Absolute decrease in the circulating WBC count. It is occasionally encountered under conditions of chronic inflammation, especially in patients who are malnourished or who suffer from a chronic debilitating disease. Other cause can be typhoid fever and ceain viral and Rickettsial infections. -Leukocytosis is... | B |
medmcqa | medmcqa_80 | Both aeriolar and venodilator drug is: September 2007 | [
"Hydralazine",
"Sodium nitroprusside",
"Minoxidil",
"Captopril"
] | Ans. B: Sodium Nitroprusside | B |
medmcqa | medmcqa_81 | To supress lactation in mother with rheumatic fever, Rx of choice is - | [
"D-Norgesterol",
"Pyridoxine",
"Bromocriptine",
"DMPA"
] | Ans. is 'b' Pyridoxine All of the drugs given in the question are used to suppress lactation.But we have to keep in mind that lady is suffering from heart disease and steroidal drugs are contraindicated in patients with heart disease due to fear of thromboembolic phenomenon.It is not specifically mentioned that bromocr... | B |
medmcqa | medmcqa_82 | During the first week of infection, Dengue can be best detected by: | [
"NS1 antigen detection",
"MACELISA",
"ICT test to detect IgM",
"None of the above"
] | Dengue: - Caused by Group-B Arbovirus - D1, D2, D3, D4 - Vector - Aedes aegypti - Reservoir - Man, Aedes - Incubation period - 3 to 10 days - Diagnosis: Clinically - Torniquet test - >= 10 spots - Dengue fever ; >= 20 spots - Dengue hemorrhagic fever. Serologically - NS-1 Antigen Test comes positive even in 1st week. -... | A |
medmcqa | medmcqa_83 | Deep flexors of forearm are supplied by | [
"Median nerve",
"Ulnar nerve",
"Radial nerve",
"Musculocutaneous nerve"
] | Deep flexors of forearm are Flexor digitorum profundus, Flexor pollicis longus, and Pronator quadratus. Flexor digitorum medial half is supplied by Ulnar nerve and lateral half is supplied by the anterior interosseous nerve. Flexor pollicis longus and pronator quadratus are supplied by anterior interosseous nerve. REF:... | B |
medmcqa | medmcqa_84 | Globi is - | [
"Histiocyte containing acid fast bacillus",
"Lymphocyte containing acid-fast bacillus",
"Neutrophile containing acid-fast bacillus",
"Large lymphocyte containing acid fast bacillus"
] | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Histiocyte containing acid-fast bacillus | A |
medmcqa | medmcqa_85 | Selective reduction of multi chorionic multifetal gestation is performed around | [
"4 to 6 weeks",
"8 to 10 weeks",
"10 to 13 weeks",
"16 to 20 weeks"
] | Selective Reduction Reduction of a selected fetus or fetuses in a multi chorionic multifetal gestation may be chosen as a therapeutic intervention to enhance survival of the remaining fetuses (ACOG, 2013a).Transabdominal fetal reductions are typically performed between 10 and 13 weeks. This gestational age is chosen be... | C |
medmcqa | medmcqa_86 | Right axis deviation is seen in all except –a) VSDb) Tricuspid atresiac) Pulmonary atresiad) ASD | [
"a",
"c",
"bc",
"ad"
] | Normally, the QRS axis ranges from -30° to + 100°.
An axis more negative than -30° is referred to as left axis deviation.
An axis more positive than + 100° is referred to as right axis deviation.
Causes of left axis deviation (LAD)
Left ventricular hypertrophy
Left anterior fascicular block or hemiblock.
Inferior wal... | C |
medmcqa | medmcqa_87 | Which of the following medication is used to directly relax the lower esophageal sphincter? | [
"Diphenoxylate",
"Famotidine",
"Granisetron",
"Isosorbide dinitrate"
] | Commonly used medications to relax the lower esophageal sphincter in patients with achalasia include nitrates such as isosorbide dinitrate (remember that nitric oxide physiologically inhibits the lower esophageal sphincter) and calcium channel blockers such as nifedipine (which inhibit calcium flow into the smooth musc... | D |
medmcqa | medmcqa_88 | Sucking releases which of the following from the anterior pituitary | [
"Prolactin",
"Oxytocin",
"Somatostatins",
"Somatomedins"
] | Oxytocin a hypothalamic hormone stored in and released from the posterior pituitary; it may also be prepared synthetically or obtained from the posterior pituitary of domestic animals. It acts as a powerful stimulant to the pregnant uterus, especially toward the end of gestation, and also causes milk to be expressed fr... | B |
medmcqa | medmcqa_89 | Muscle supplied by glossopharyngeal nerve: | [
"Platysma",
"Stylopharyngeus",
"Styloglossus",
"Genioglossus"
] | Stylopharyngeus is the only muscle in the pharynx innervated by the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX) and is done by its motor branch, which supplies special visceral efferent (SVE) fibers to it. | B |
medmcqa | medmcqa_90 | Which of the following anticancer drugs can cause a hypercoagulable state | [
"5–FU",
"L–asparginase",
"Melphalan",
"Carmustine"
] | L-asparginase causes the breakdown of aspargine and thus interferes with protein synthesis. It can inhibit the production of clotting factors (responsible for cerebral hemorrhage) as well as anti-clotting proteins (can lead to cortical vein thrombosis and other hypercoagulable states). | B |
medmcqa | medmcqa_91 | The most metabolically active pa in bone is | [
"Coical bone",
"Cancellous bone",
"Periosteal surface",
"Endosteal surface"
] | Endosteum is the most metabolically active pa in bone | D |
medmcqa | medmcqa_92 | Selenocysteine is derivative of which aminoacid - | [
"Serine",
"Alanine",
"Arginine",
"Glycine"
] | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Serine o Selenocysteine is considered as 21" standard amino acid. o It is present at the active site of some enzymes that catalyze redox reactions, e.g. thioredoxin reductase, glutathione peroxidase, and the deiodinase (converts thyroxin to triiothyronine). o Biosynthesis of selenocysteine requires cy... | A |
medmcqa | medmcqa_93 | A patient presents to the emergency depament with uniocular diplopia. Examination with oblique illumination shows shining golden crescent while examination with co-axial illumination show a black dark crescent line. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis. | [
"Ectopia lentis",
"Lenticonus",
"Coloboma",
"Microspherophakia"
] | A i.e. Ectopia lentis | A |
medmcqa | medmcqa_94 | Characteristics of benign tumor of lung in X-ray is: | [
"Size > 5 cm diameter",
"Cavitation",
"Peripheral location",
"Concentric dense calcification"
] | Ans. Concentric dense calcification | D |
medmcqa | medmcqa_95 | Color of postmoem lividity in hypothermic deaths: NEET 13 | [
"Purple",
"Deep red",
"Cherry red",
"Bright pink"
] | Ans. Bright pink | D |
medmcqa | medmcqa_96 | A 29-year-old woman with a ruptured ectopic pregnancy is admitted to a hospital for culdocentesis. A long needle on the syringe is most efficiently inseed through which of the following structures? | [
"Anterior fornix of the vagina",
"Posterior fornix of the vagina",
"Anterior wall of the rectum",
"Posterior wall of the uterine body"
] | A needle should be inseed through the posterior fornix, just below the posterior lip of cervix while the patient is in supine position, to aspirate abnormal fluid in the cul-de-sac of Douglas (rectouterine pouch). Rectouterine excavation is not most efficiently aspirated by puncture of other structures. | B |
medmcqa | medmcqa_97 | When a person changes position from standing to lying down position , following occurs | [
"Venous return to heart rises rapidly",
"Decrease in blood flow to the lung apex",
"Heart rate increases and settles at a higher level",
"Cerebral blood flow becomes more than that in standing position and settles at a higher level"
] | null | A |
medmcqa | medmcqa_98 | In amyloidosis Beta pleated sheet will be seen in- | [
"X-ray crystallography",
"Electron microscope",
"Spiral electron microscope",
"Congo red stain"
] | Beta pleated sheets in amyloidosis is seen by X- ray crystallography. Basic Pathology, Robbins. Page no.:156 | A |
medmcqa | medmcqa_99 | Which hormone does not act through cAMP ? | [
"TSH",
"Adrenaline",
"Insulin",
"ACTH"
] | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Insulin | C |
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