title: Презентация на тему: Past simple

text:
Время Past Simple используется для обозначения действия, которое произошло в определенное время в прошлом и время совершения которого уже истекло.
Past Simple - простое прошедшее время

Для уточнения момента совершения действия в прошлом при использовании времени Past Simple обычно используются такие слова, как five days ago (пять дней назад), last year (в прошлом году), yesterday (вчера), in 1980 (в 1980 году) и т.п.

Образование Past Simple
1). Предложения в Past Simple образуются при помощи вспомогательного глагола to do (в форме прошедшего времени, did) и второй формы основного глагола. В случае правильного глагола к нему просто прибавляется окончание -ed.
     Например:
      examine – examined, enjoy – enjoyed

2). Однако есть также достаточно большая группа неправильных английских глаголов, которые образуют форму прошедшего времени не по общим правилам, для них форму прошедшего времени нужно просто запомнить.
   Например:
       I wrote a new novel last week.
          She spoke to him in a low voice.
              I saw him yesterday.

3). Обратите внимание, что окончание –ed у смыслового глагола присутствует только в утвердительной форме времени Past Simple!
      В отрицательных предложениях перед глаголом нужно поставить вспомогательный глагол did и отрицательную частицу not.
        Образование вопросительной формы происходит при помощи вспомогательного глагола did и инфинитива смыслового глагола.
    Например:
Did you work yesterday?           We did not try.
Случаи употребления Past Simple:
   Past Simple, как простое прошедшее время, употребляется в тех случаях, когда необходимо показать, что действие:

   Свершилось в определенный момент времени (с указанием этого времени) и на данный момент уже завершено.
Например:
      We was there last year. (Мы были здесь в прошлом году.)

Указание на простое действие в прошлом
Например:

               She worked.(Она работала.)
               I saw Jeremy in the bank.(Я видел Джереми в банке.)

3.        Повторялось регулярно в прошлом, но                	сейчас уже не предпринимается.
Например:
   When I worked here, I waked up at six o`clock. (Когда я работал здесь, я вставал в шесть часов.)

Перечисление последовательности действий в прошлом.
Например:
       He came in, sat on the sofa and started waiting. ( Он вошел, сел на диван и стал ждать.)

То есть, маркерами того, что нужно употребить именно простое прошедшее время являются:

Указания на некий точный момент времени (yesterday, last month, at 5 o`clock, etc.).
Завершенность действия и/или указание на сухой факт того, что оно было.
Перечисление законченных действий.
Действие сейчас уже не повторяется.

Упражнение 1.
  Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Past Simple.
	1. Alice (to have) a sister.
	2. Her sister’s name (to be) Ann.
	3. Ann (to be) a student.
	4. She (to get) up at seven o'clock.
	5. She (to go) to the institute in the morning.
	6. Jane (to be) fond of sports.
	7. She (to do) her morning exercises every day.
Правильные ответы к упражнению 1 .
 	1 – had
 	2 – was
	3 – was
	4 – got
 	5 – went
 	6 – was
 	7 – did.
Упражнение 2.
    Поставьте глаголы в следующих предложениях в утвердительную, вопросительную и отрицательную формы Past Simple.
	1. I (to do) morning exercises.
	2. He (to work) at a factory.
	3. She (to sleep) after dinner.
	4. We (to work) part-time.
	5. They (to drink) tea every day.
Правильные ответы к упражнению 2.
 	1 – did
 	2 – worked
 	3 – slept
 	4 – worked
 	5 – drank
Упражнение 3.
Переведите на английский язык:
	1. Она была занята.
	2. Я не был занят.
	3. Вы были заняты?
	4. Они были дома?
	5. Его не было дома.
	6. Он читал английские книги?
	7. Они никогда не читали.
Правильные ответы к упражнению 3.
	1 – She was busy.
 	2 – I was not busy.
	 3 – Were you busy?
 	4 – Were they at home?
	5 – He was not at home.
	6 – Did he read English books?
 	7 – They never read.
Упражнение 4.
1. First I (to meet) Jane in the foyer, then we (to go) into the hall to find our seats.
a. met/ were going
b. met/went
c. meet/had gone

2. Mozart (be) born in Austria in 1756.

a. was
b. were
c. did

3. I (leave) the road and (walk) in the forest.

a. left/walked
b. leave/ walk
c. was leaving/ was walking

4. I couldn’t see, It (get) dark and I (feel) more worried.

a. got/was feeling
b. was getting/ felt
c. had got/felt

5.I (live) in this small old house many years ago.

a. Lived        b. had lived       c.has lived

6. He (do) quite a lot in his short life.

a. does
b. did
c. was doing

7. The cheese I (buy) last week is mouldy.

a. bought
b. have bought
c. was buying

8. My old job (be) awful but life (not/be) a bed of roses since I (start) my new one either.

a. was/ wasn’t/ started
b. was/hasn’t been/ started
c. is/ isn’t/ start

8. My old job (be) awful but life (not/be) a bed of roses since I (start) my new one either.

a. was/ wasn’t/ started
b. was/hasn’t been/ started
c. is/ isn’t/ start

 9. I (lend) him some money only after he (promise) to give it back.

a. had lent/ promised
b. lent/ promised
c. lent/ had promised

  10. I phoned Ann this morning, but there (be) no answer.

a. had been
b. was
c. were
Правильные ответы к упражнению 4.
     1. b

     2. a

     3. a

     4. b

     5. a

6. b

7. a

8. b

9. c

10. b


title: Презентация на тему: Past Simple

text:
The topic of our lesson is The Past Simple Tense
The aim of this lesson is to repeat all information about the Past Simple
Choose the right sentences in the Past Simple Tense:

1. We celebrate my birthday today.
  a) We celebrated my birthday today.
  b) We did celebrate my birthday today.
  c) We celebrated my birthday yesterday.
2. She cooks tasty soup every day.
  a) She cooked tasty soup yesterday.
  b) She did cook tasty soup yesterday.
  c) She cooked tasty soup every day
3. He washes the floor every week.
  a) He washed the floor every week.
  b) He washed the floor yesterday.
  c) He did wash the floor every week.

4. She calls him every week.
  a) She call him yesterday.
  b) She call him every week.
  c) She called him yesterday.
5. On Friday he stays in his office.
  a) On Friday he stays in his office.
  b) He stayed in his office last Friday.
  c) On Friday he did stay in his office.
6. He plays football on Sundays.
  a) He played football last Sunday.
  b) He plays football last Sunday.
  c) He played football on Sundays.
Fill in the gaps in this table.
Tim
Tom
I knew about it 2 days ago.
I read an interesting book yesterday.
I played with my toys yesterday.
Fill in the gaps in this table.
Tim
Tom
I  came home late yesterday.
I went to Moscow last year.
I knew about it 2 days ago.
I read an interesting book yesterday.
I played with my toys yesterday.
Imagine that you are speaking  to your friend about your last summer vacation. Write questions to these answers.
Put in the verbs in brackets in the Past Simple.
Put in the verbs in brackets in the Past Simple.


title: Презентация на тему: Past Simple

text:
Past Simple
See     -  Saw
Go       -  Went
Have   -  Had
Say     -   Said
Fly     -    Flew
Fall    -    Fell
Do      -   Did
Take  -   Took
Give   -   Gave
Sit     -  Sat
Make -   Made

Did the cat catch the mouse?
Put the verbs into the correct form
Last Sunday Mag (get) up early.
Last Sunday Mag got up early
Yesterday she (have) breakfast and (go) to school
Yesterday she had breakfast and went to school
Jane (do) her homework two days ago.
Jane did her homework two days ago
Last week he (come) to the country to see his grandma.
Last week he came to the country to see her grandma
They (to be) very happy.
They were very happy
They (see) the car which (stop) next to their house.
They saw the car which stopped next to their house
Goodbye!
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Mother Elephant lived in Africa.
She had a little Baby Elephant
)
Play - play + -ed = played
Go - went
See -saw
Example:  Last summer I went to the country. I played with my friend
Cut    -  Cut                     Bet  -  Bet
Put    -  Put                      Set  -  Set
Let   -   Let                      Hit  -  Hit
The hare watered the flowers yesterday
                      .
Did I water the flowers yesterday ?
No,he did not.
Did the cat watch TV ?
Yes, he did.
Wolf/sing a song
Winnie-the- Pooh/fly
Winnie-the-Pooh/eat
They did not skate yesterday
They read the book yesterday
Mouse /not/to eat
They/not/to run
They/not/to talk


title: Презентация на тему: Past Progressive tense

text:
Past Progressive tense
TO BE
I was
He was
She was
It was
We were
You were
They were
REMEMBER
I was loving you.

                   I loved you.
I was
we were
you were
they were
he was
she was
it was
I was cooking dinner
  when you called..
Was she walking her dog when I called.
Who was playing the piano in your flat yesterday at midnight?
My cat was..
1
Present or Past Progressive
2
Past Simple or Past Progressive
3
Past Simple or Past Progressive
4
READ THE TEXT

An Embarrassing Incident
One day last summer I was walking through the local park. It was a hot day and I was eating an ice cream. As I was walking past the boating lake, I saw my friends, Carol and Jim. They were taking their dog for a walk. When we met, we stopped for a chat. While we were talking, the dog suddenly jumped up and tried to get my ice cream. I pulled my hand away and unfortunately the ice-cream came out of the cone. Now there was a bald man behind me. The poor man wasn't doing any harm. He was just sitting on a bench and reading a newspaper. Well, when I pulled my hand away, the ice cream flew through the air and it landed on the man's head. I didn't know whether to laugh or to cry. When I looked at my friends, they weren't just laughing, they were in hysterics. But I was terribly embarrassed.
5
Where was the boy walking one day ?
What was he eating?
Who was taking a dog for a walk?
Was a bald man sitting on a bench or walking along the road?
The poor man wasn't doing any harm, was he?
I wonder why Carol and Jim were laughing?
Answer the questions:
6
This morning was really beautiful. The sun (shine), the birds (sing) and everyone in the street (smile) and (say) hello to each other.
Mrs Patrik looked beautiful last night. She (wear) a lovely evening dress.
When we arrived, she (make) some coffee.
While I (have) a bath the telephone rang.
While we (walk) in the park it began to rain.
He wind (blow) and the rain (beat) down. John (stand) at the bus stop shivering. He (try) to imagine being at home sitting by a warm fire. Finally he saw the lights of the bus which (approach) from the distance.
7
Open the brackets
At 3 o'clock yesterday a geometry lesson (go) on. The teacher (draw) diagrams on the blackboard but I (look) through the window and heard nothing. I (think) about the coming New Year's party.
She promised not to report me to the police but ten minutes later I saw that she (talk) with a policeman and from the expression on his face I understood that she (tell) him about me.
The dentist's waiting room was full of people. Some (read) magazines, others just (turn) over the pages. A woman (knit), a child (play) with a toy car. Everybody (wait) for the nurse to say "Next, please".
I lit the fire at 6.00 and it (burn) brightly when Jane came in.
- The house next to yours was full of policemen and police dogs yesterday. - What they (do)? - I heard that they (look) for drugs.
"What you (do) between 9.00 and 10.00 yesterday?" asked the detective. "I (clean) my house", said Mrs Jones. "I always clean my house at this time"
Mr Smith never (wake) in time in the mornings and always (get) into trouble for being late; so one day he (go) to town and (buy) an alarm clock. To get home he (have to) go through a field where a bad-tempered bull usually (graze). This bull normally (not chase) people unless something (make) him angry. Unfortunately, as Mr. Smith (cross) the field, his alarm clock (go) on. This (annoy) the bull, who immediately (begin) to chase Mr Smith.Mr Smith (carry) an open umbrella as it (rain) slightly. He (throw) the umbrella to the ground and (run) away as fast as he could. The bull (stop) and (begin) to attack the umbrella. While he (do) this Mr Smith escaped.
8
Open the brackets
1. When I  to school I  John. (walk/see)
2. When I  in the kitchen Mary . (help/come)
3. While she  the soup the children . (cook/play)
4. While they  cards the baby . (play/sleep)
5. When I  in the garden my uncle . (work/call)
6. Carol  TV while Bob and Peter  football. (watch/play)
7. When she  her hair the baby  to cry. (wash/begin)
8. A strong wind  when the plane . (blow/land)
9. When she  tennis it  to rain. (play/began)
10. When I  TV the lights  out. (watch/go)
11. While he  the piano she  to him. (play/listen)
12. While she  up her room he  his car. (tidy/wash)
13. The boys  in the garden while she  the flowers. (help/water)
14. He  Mary when he  through the park. (meet/walk)
15. We  computer games while she  a book. (play/read)
9
Open the brackets
1.They  (have) tea when the doorbell  (ring).
2. Father  (smoke) his pipe while mother  (read) a magazine.
3. While he  (mow) the lawn it  (start) to rain.
4. He  (have) breakfast when the toaster  (blow) up.
5. When I  (come) into the office my boss  (wait) for me.
6. When we  (see) Brian he  (drive) a taxi.
7. Father  (wait) in the car while mother  (do) the shopping.
8. When he  (arrive) we  (have) dinner.
9. While they  (play) chess we  (go) shopping.
10. They  (have) a party while he  (sleep).
11. He  (take) a photo when I  (feed) the ducks.
12. They  (play) football when the lights in the stadium  (go) out.
13. While George and John  (clean) their room she  (do) the ironing.
14. Sam  (do) the ironing when Jack  (phone) her.
15. We  (wait) at Victoria station when the train  (arrive).
10
1. They  (play) cards when the postman  (come).
2. I  (sweep) the floor when I  (hear) a noise.
3. She  (watch) TV when the doorbell  (ring).
4. We  (hear) a cry and  (run) into the kitchen.
5. First Sam  (buy) the newspaper and then he  (take) the plane to Chicago.
6. Susan and Sally  (play) tennis when it  (begin) to rain.
7. I think she  (wear) her new hat when I  (see) her at the zoo.
8. A lot of children  (wait) at the station when the star  (arrive).
9. They  (have) their supper when they  (hear) about the accident.
10. When the phone  (ring) mum  (work) in the garden.
11. Sally  (take) a photo when I  (dance).
12. They  (read) a book when the lights  (go) out.
13. While George  (repair) his bike Bill  (play) computer games.
14. We  (talk) about the movie while we  (walk) home.
15. They  (forget) our lunch at home last Friday.
11
Open the brackets
1. I  (look) out of the window and  (see) John.
2. I  (help) to peel the potatoes when Mary  (come) in.
3. The sun  (rise) when we  (reach) the hill.
4. He  (laugh) and  (clap) his hand.
5. While they  (sing) he  (play) the piano.
6. A heavy wind  (blow) when the helicopter  (land).
7. We  (go) to the church when the bell  (start) to ring.
8. While te police  (drive) to the house the burglars  (put) the paintings into their bags.
9. Father  (smoke) his pipe while mother  (read) a book.
10. The baby  (start) to cry when she  (do) the washing up.
11. While he  (walk) through the park he  (meet) Phil.
12. When they  (walk) through the wood they  (see) the stolen car.
13. Although the pianist  (play) wonderfully a guest  (fall) asleep.
14. She  (brush) her hair while he  (put) on his clothes.
15. When they  (walk) through the shopping centre he  (promise) to buy her a ring.
12
Fill in past simple or past progressive

1. When Mrs. Golan  (open) the door her children  (do) their homework and her husband  (read) the newspaper.
2. What  you  (do) yesterday morning? I  (study) for an exam.
3.  he  (arrive) to the meeting last Friday?
4.  they  (paint) the walls when your mother  (come) home?
5. While Dan  (repair) the car his sister  (work) in the garden.
6. They  (watch) television when the lights  (go) out.
7. While mother  (hang) up the clothes her two daughters  (wash) the dishes.
8. Tom  (water) the flowers when it  (start) to rain.
9. She  (talk) on the phone when I  (arrive).
10. I  (read) a book when you  (call) me.
11. The children  (play) tennis when their grandmother  (come) to visit them.
12. When Mrs Smith  (enter) the room her children  (listen) to the radio very loudly.
13. Ann  (sweep) the floor while John  (make) the beds.
14. The parents  (sleep) while the baby  (play) quietly in her bed.
15. When the teacher  (walk) into the room the pupils  (make) a lot of noise.
13
1. George  (fall) off the ladder while he  (paint) the ceiling.
2. Last night I  (read) in the bed when I suddenly  (hear) a scream.
3.  you  (you watch) TV when I  (call) you?
4. Ann  (wait) for me when I  (arrive).
5. I  (not drive) very fast when the accident  (happen).
6. I  (break) a plate last night. I  (wash) the dishes when it  (slip) out of my hand.
7. Tom  (take) some photos when I  (play) in the garden.
8. We  (not go) out because it  (rain).
9. What  (you do) last week?
10. I  (see) Carol at the party. She  (wear) a new dress.
11. The phone  (ring) when I  (take) a shower.
12. It  (begin) to rain when I  (walk) home.
13. We  (see) an accident when we  (wait) for the bus.
14. The children  (sleep) all night.
15. The car  (make) strange noises all the way home.
14
Open the brackets


title: Презентация на тему: Past Simple 4 класс

text:
ten days ago
last summer
yesterday
the day before yesterday
last year
a month ago
[t]
Watched
Walked
Talked
Finished
Looked
[id]
Skated
Wanted
Collected
Painted
needed
[d]
Played
Learned
Tried
Cried
Smiled
studied
[t]
[id]
[d]
watched
learned
collected
cried
painted
finished
played
skated
talked
walked
wanted
tried
smiled
needed
looked

 They skate in the yard every day.
 They skated in the yard yesterday.

 The weather is fine today.
 The weather was fine yesterday.

 We go to the park every day.
 We went to the park yesterday.

		I see my friend and his mother.
		I saw my friend and his mother.

		Children have five classes every day.
		Children had five classes yesterday.

General questions
Did you stay at home?
Did you fly to Rome?
Did your plane arrive at time?
Did you have a good time?
Did you swim in the sea?
Did you watch TV?
Did you spend a lot of money?
Were your journey very funny?
Were you happy?
Were you sad?
Were you angry?
Were you glad?

I played football yesterday.

When did you play football?
What did you play yesterday?
Who played football yesterday?


title: Презентация на тему: Past Simple and Past Continuous

text:
Past Simple and Past Continuous
Past Simple Practice
Past Continuous Practice
The difference between the tenses (Различие между временами)
Aims:
Positive
S+V2
Negative
S+didn’t +V1
Interrogative
Did+S+V1?
Past Simple

He _______ his homework yesterday. (do)
Open the brackets using Past Simple.

He did  his homework yesterday.
Open the brackets using Past Simple.

My mother _______  a cake  yesterday. (not make)
Open the brackets using Past Simple.

My mother didn’t make a cake  yesterday.
Open the brackets using Past Simple.

_________ a film yesterday? (you/watch)
Open the brackets using Past Simple.

Did you watch  a film yesterday?
Open the brackets using Past Simple.
Positive
S +was/were +V1ing
Negative
S+was not/ were not +V1ing.
Interrogative
Was/ Were +S+V1ing ?
Past Continuous

He _______ the English words yesterday evening . (learn )
Open the brackets using Past Continuous .

My sister  was learning the English words yesterday evening .
Open the brackets using Past Continuous .

They  _______ a film  yesterday evening . (not watch)
Open the brackets using Past Continuous .

They  were not watching a film  yesterday evening .
Open the brackets using Past Continuous .

________ a book  yesterday evening ? (your father/ watch)
Open the brackets using Past Continuous .

Was your father watching a book  yesterday evening?
Open the brackets using Past Continuous .
Past Simple v/s Past Continuous .

 When I _____ (come) home yesterday my mother ________  a delicious soup (make).
Open the brackets using Past Simple or Past Continuous  .

 When I  came  home yesterday my  mother     was making   a delicious soup.
Open the brackets using Past Simple or Past Continuous  .

I _____ in England last year. (be)
Open the brackets using Past Simple or Past Continuous  .

 I was in England last year.
Open the brackets using Past Simple or Past Continuous  .

My sister _______ a book yesterday at 5 o’clock.
Open the brackets using Past Simple or Past Continuous  .

My sister was reading a book yesterday at 5 o’clock.
Open the brackets using Past Simple or Past Continuous  .
He were reading a book yesterday evening.

Correct the mistakes.
He  was  reading a book yesterday evening.

Correct the mistakes.

 She not make a salad yesterday.

Correct the mistakes.

 She did not make a salad yesterday.

Correct the mistakes.
. My mother not was watching a film yesterday afternoon .

Correct the mistakes.
. My mother was not watching a film yesterday afternoon .

Correct the mistakes.
Did they bought a book last weekend?

Correct the mistakes.
Did they buy a book last weekend?

Correct the mistakes.
5. Was my sisters reading a book yesterday morning?

Correct the mistakes.
5. Were  my sisters reading a book yesterday morning?

Correct the mistakes.
Thank you


title: Презентация на тему: Paul and Silas in Philippi

text:
Featuring the art of Henry MartinStory based on Acts 16
Adapted by Charles Kirkpatrick
Click to edit Master title style
Click to edit Master text styles
Second level
Third level
Fourth level
Fifth level
One time, Paul and Silas went on a mission trip to Philippi.
When the owners of the girl realized that their hope of making money was gone, they seized Paul and Silas and took them to face the authorities.
They went before the magistrates and said, "The whole city is in an uproar because of these Jews!  They are teaching things that are against Roman customs."
The crowd joined in the attack against Paul and Silas
and the city officials ordered them to be stripped, beaten,  and  thrown into prison.
The Jailer was commanded to make sure that they did
not escape, so he clamped their feet in stocks.
After making sure that Paul
and Silas could not escape,
the jailer sat down to rest.
About midnight, Paul and Silas began to pray and sing.  Suddenly, there was a great earthquake and the prison doors opened.
The jailer woke up to see the doors wide open and he was terrified because he thought that all the prisoners had escaped.
The next morning the city officials sent the police to tell the jailer to release Paul and Silas.  So the jailer told them, "You are free to leave. Go in peace."
Then the jailer and all in his household were baptized.
(Version 1)
The answer is still the same!
Presented bySermons 4 Kids, Inc.
Artwork © 2006 Henry MartinAll Rights Reserved
Free use is permitted for ministry purposes only.Not to be distributed or reproduced for profit.
Then the jailer and all in his household were baptized.
(Version 2)


title: Презентация на тему: Пассивный залог

text:
Тема«Пассивный  залог»
Форма  проведения  урока:  викторина

     Цели урока:

1. Совершенствование грамматических  навыков по теме «Пассивный залог».

2. Развитие внимания и мышления.

 3. Поддержание интереса к изучению английского языка.

am, is, are + V3
was, were + V3
shall be, will be + V3

Do                           think                                               give

have                        say                                                   see

be                            build                                               write

eat                           swim                                               learn

send                        buy                                                  hear

take                         speak                                              make

        last year
 every day
next Friday
last week
yesterday
tomorrow

- This house was built in 1991.                          (What ?)
- The TV set was bought in the shop.           (Where ?)
- Football is played all over the world because it is a very popular game.
    (Why ?)
- English is spoken in Great Britain.                 (What language ?)
- Cheese is made from milk.                               (What ?)
- The letter will be answered next week.           (When  ?)
- The pupils will be met in the garden.               (Where ?)

1 Discovered, in, America, 1942, was.
2 In the morning, the newspaper, not, brought, is.
3 Monday, written, next, the letter, will be.
4 Every, two, given, are, apples, day.
5 Yesterday, photo, taken, that, was.
6 Not, tomorrow, be, will, the news, old.

1 Ann cleans her room every week.
2 People build new houses in big cities.
3 We bought oranges and peas in the shop.
4 They sold stamps in the post office.
5 Children will play hide-and-seek in the park.
6 Pupils didn’t visit the boy last week.
7 We don’t translate poem at home.

Thank you for the game!
Good bye!


title: Презентация на тему: Past simple, past continuous. What’s the difference?

text:
PAST SIMPLE 	, PAST CONTINUOUS
What’s the difference?
Past Simpleis used for:
Completed actions at a specific time in the past;
Completed situations and states in the past;
Repeated actions in the past;
The main events and situations in the story.
Examples:
I bought three CDs yesterday.
I had green hair for a while as a teenager.
We played football every Saturday.
I ran out of the house, crossed the road and jumped on the bus.
How to form?
Regular Verbs
1. Affirmative sentences: V + ed  (He visited his cousin two days ago.)
Interrogative sentences: Did he visit his cousin two days ago?
Negative sentences: He didn’t visit his cousin two days ago.
Irregular verbs
1. Affirmative sentences  V2 (They went to London last year.)
Interrogative sentences: Did they go to London last year?
Negative sentences: They didn’t go to London last year.
The only exception:
The verb “to be”:
She was seven last week. They were happy yesterday.
Was she seven last week? Were they happy yesterday?
She wasn’t seven last week. They weren’t happy yesterday.
Emphatic past simple
We use it to emphasise an action or situation in the past, particularly to emphasise that it actually happened, or that it’s different to what someone else thinks.
Emphatic past simple = subject +did+ bare infinitive.
I know you don’t believe me but I did see a ghost.
BUT:
We cannot use Emphatic Past Simple with the verb “To be”!!!
Past Continuous is used for:
1. Actions or situations in the past which are interrupted or stopped by another action or situation;
2. Actions which were happening at a definite time in the past;
3. Two unfinished situations or events in progress at the same time.
Examples:
She was reading a book at 6 o’clock yesterday.
I was dong my homework when my phone rang.
They were reading a book while their father was repairing his car.
How to form?
1. Affirmative sentences: I (she, he, it) was eating.
They (we, you) were eating.
2. Interrogative sentences: Was I (she, he, it) eating?
Were they (we, you) eating?
3. Negative sentences: I (she, he, it) was not eating.
They (we, you) were not eating.
BE CAREFUL!!!
Do not use Past Continuous for repeated or regular actions in the past. We do not say:
I was playing football every Saturday.
Say: I played football every Saturday.
Thank you for your attention!!!


title: Презентация на тему: Past Perfect Tense. English Grammar

text:
Past Perfect Tense
English Grammar
FORM
Examples:
You had studied English before you moved to New York.
Had you studied English before you moved to New York?
You had not studied English before you moved to New York.

Past Perfect
by 6 o’clock yesterday – вчера  к 6 часам
by 9 a.m. yesterday – вчера к 9 утра
before he came – до того, как он пришёл
by that time – к тому времени
after - после того, как
by the end of the year – к концу года, etc.

Глагол в форме Past Perfect  выражает действие, которое завершилось до определенного момента или другого действия в прошлом.
They had finished the work by 6 o'clock yesterday. — Они закончили работу вчера к 6 часам.
Mary had got asleep  before her mother came home.— Мэри уснула прежде, чем её мама пришла домой.
Past Perfect  образуется с помощью вспомогательного глагола had и III формы основного глагола.

Обратите внимание!
Past Perfect  употребляется для выражения предшествования. Если описываются действия, которые следовали друг за другом, употребляется Past Simple.
Сравните:She did some shopping, came home and cooked dinner. — Она сделала покупки, пришла домой и приготовила ужин.
Before she cooked dinner, she had done some shopping. — Прежде чем она приготовила ужин, она сделала покупки.

Past Perfect
(+) He had read the book, before he saw the film.

(?)Had he read the book before he saw the film?

(-) He hadn’t read the book, before he saw the film.
Sam had painted the picture
by 7 o’clock yesterday.
Sam
Roman had cooked dinner
by 6 o’clock yesterday.
Roman
Take off
Arrive
Mrs. Evans
The plane had taken off before Mrs. Evans arrived to the airport.
Sally
Fall asleep
Sally had fallen asleep before her father came home.
The students had made cakes by 9 p.m.
PRACTICE: Put the verbs in brackets in the correct tense.
1. When the accident ……. (happen) that lorry was driving like a lunatic.  I …… (never see) a lorry travelling so fast!

2. We …… (miss) the beginning of the play because it ….. (already start) when we arrived.

3. I …… (not recognise) my old teacher because we.....(not see) each other for 15 years.

4. When I ……(arrive) at her house I found she ……. (go out) so nobody was there.

5. My brother ……. (eat) all the cake before we …….. (get) home.

6. I ……. (understand) the film because I ……. (read) the book before.

7. Before she …… (buy) the flat she …… (look around) it several times.

8. I …… (not have) my book because I……. (lose) it the day before.

9. I ……. (study) English for two years before I …… (move) to N.Y.

10. She ……. (never see) a bear before she …... (move) to Alaska.

When the accident happened that lorry was driving like a lunatic.  I had never seen a lorry travelling so fast!

2. We missed the beginning of the play because it had already started when we arrived.

3. I didn’t recognise my old teacher because we had not seen each other for 15 years.

4. When I arrived at her house I found she had gone out so nobody was there.

5. My brother had eaten all the cake before we got home.

6. I understood the film because I had read the book before.

7. Before she bought the flat she had looked around it several times.

8. I did not have my book because I had lost it the day before.

9. I had studied English for two years before I moved to N.Y.

10. She had never seen a bear before she moved to Alaska.


title: Презентация на тему: Past Simple. 4 класс

text:
Определим погоду.
Повторим 10 неправильных глаголов и выучим ещё 5 новых!
Новая Тема: Past Simpl
Простое прошедшее время.
Употребляется для описания действия, которое произошло в прошлом
Спутники Past Simple
Yesterday

A week ago

2 hours ago

Last year (month, week)
Вчера

Неделю назад
2 часа назад
В прошлом году, (месяце, недели)
В утвердительных предложениях необходимо употреблять вторую форму глагола.К правильным глаголам нужно прибавить окончание –ed.Play - playedНеправильные глаголы имеют особую вторую форму.Go-went-gone
Зарядка по английски
Домашняя работа
  выучить ещё 5 Неправильных глаголов, Р.Т стр 32 № 13, 15.


Презентация на тему: Підготовка та проведення вебінарів


title: Презентация на тему: Pearl Harbor

text:
History of legendary US naval base
US became involved in a devastating world conflict
The Axis powers had established a firm foothold prior to American entry into the conflict
On the 7th of December, 1941 Japan made a surprise, attack on the American naval base at Pearl Harbor and the US entered the war
On the 8th of December, 1941 the US, led by president, Franklin D. Roosevelt, declared war on the Axis powers
On the 26th of January, 1942 first American forces arrived in Great Britain
On the 4th of June, 1942 was American naval victory at Battle of Midway
On the 1st of April 1945 US troops encircle Germans in the Ruhr
On the 6th of August US dropped atomic bomb on Hiroshima
On the 9th of August US dropped atomic bomb on Nagasaki in Japan
The United States lost 418 000 people in the Second World War


title: Презентация на тему: Past Simple Простое прошедшее время

text:
Past Simple
Past Simple
Regular verbs
[t]
worked
danced
stopped

[d]
played
cleaned
lived
Irregular verbs
Past Simple
My little cat, Pussy, lives in a big box. Pussy
likes sleeping there, but she usually plays on
the carpet. She jumps very high, right onto
the window and then she often jumps into
the garden. I always ask Pussy to stay at
home when I am at school, and my cat stays
at home and watches birds through the window.
She is so clever! She even helps me to do my
lessons.
Check yourself
What did you do yesterday?(Your sentence can be positive or negative)
watch TV
have a shower
buy a book
speak English
eat meat
play computer games
work in the garden
drink apple juice
sleep in the afternoon
come home late
to be (Past Simple)
My mother is at home.
His parents are in the south now.
I am at school now.
Ann and Kate are students.
Tom is ill now.
We are at the cinema.
She is a doctor.
They are in London at the moment.
Tim is always late for his lessons.
I am interested in History.
Sources
http://im0-tub.yandex.net/i?id=296115382-43-72  background

http://www.google.ru/search?tbm=isch&hl=ru&source=hp&biw=1280&bih=845&q=disjunctive+questions&btnG pictures

http://www.alleng.ru/mybook/3gram/6verb_14.htm rules

http://enhome.ru/grammar/lesson29_ex.html exercises

http://speakspeak.com/a/html/d2f_resources_english_irregular_verbs_library.htm irregular verbs
[id]
started
visited
added

[id]
[d]
[t]
cooked, closed, painted, smiled, walked, tried, collected, opened, skated, jumped, rained, invited, finished, talked, wanted, snowed, watched, added
painted collected skated invited
wanted
added
closed
smiled
tried
opened
rained snowed
cooked walked jumped finished talked
watched
[id]
[d]
[t]
Check yourself
Complete the sentences with the verb in the negative
Ann was at school yesterday.
My grandparents were doctors.


title: Презентация на тему: Pencils template

text:
Click to edit Master title style
Click to edit Master text styles
Second level
Third level
Fourth level
Fifth level
Click to edit Master title style
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Second level
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Fourth level
Fifth level
Click to edit Master text styles
Second level
Third level
Fourth level
Fifth level
Pencils Template
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title: Презентация на тему: паып

text:
Министерство образования и науки Республики Татарстан
ГАПОУ «Казанский торгово-экономический техникум»

специальность: 080114 «Экономика и бухгалтерский учет» (по отраслям)

ДИПЛОМНАЯ РАБОТА

Тема: «Особенности бухгалтерского учета нематериальных активов»

Студентка группы Б-423 Баширова Яна Сергеевна

Руководитель: Воронцова Любовь Александровна

Актуальность дипломной работы

        В последние годы резко возросла степень и роль нематериальных активов в производственной и финансовой деятельности предприятия. В связи с этим особую актуальность для российских предприятий приобрела проблема совершенствования учета нематериальных активов.
В современной экономике богатство и рост порождаются, прежде всего, нематериальными активами.

Цель дипломной работы

        Целью данной дипломной работы является рассмотреть особенности учета нематериальных активов на предприятии ОАО«Спорткультавтотовары»
Задачи дипломной работы

Рассмотреть понятие и основные аспекты учета нематериальных активов
 Изучить организацию учета нематериальных активов на предприятии ОАО «СКАТ»
 Разработать пути совершенствования учета нематериальных активов

Нематериальные активы

– это объекты, обладающие стоимостной оценкой, способные приносить организации экономические выгоды, используемые при производстве продукции (выполнении работ, оказании услуг либо в целях управления) в течение срока, превышающего 12 месяцев, но не обладающие материально-вещественной структурой.

           Основные документы по учету нематериальных активов
Краткая характеристика ОАО «СКАТ»

 ОАО «СКАТ» имеет торговые предприятия на территории Республики Татарстан и Республики Удмуртия.
 ОАО «СКАТ» реализует все виды товаров культурно-спортивного назначения, таких как: вело- и мототехника, авто- и мотозапчасти, скутера, снегоходы, квадроциклы, лодки и лодочные моторы, катера, тренажеры, спортивная экипировка и автопринадлежности.
Основные виды деятельности ОАО «СКАТ»:
•	продажа товаров для занятий спортом и активного отдыха;
•	предоставление торговых, складских, офисных площадей в аренду;
•	ремонт снегоходов, квадроциклов, лодочных моторов, скутеров
Учет наличия и движения НМА ведется на счете
                   04 «Нематериальные активы».

Инвентарный объект нематериальных активов – это совокупность прав, возникающих из одного патента, свидетельства, договора уступки прав и т.п.

Срок полезного использования  НМА определяется организацией при принятии объекта к бухгалтерскому учету.
Впервые в ПБУ 14-07 сказано, что в качестве инвентарного объекта НМА может признаваться сложный объект, включаемый несколько охраняемых результатов интеллектуальной деятельности (кинофильм, единая технология), на который у предприятия могут быть как исключительные, так и неисключительные права. Какие сложные объекты отнести к НМА, организация решает самостоятельно. При этом критерии нужно закрепить в Учетной политике.
Синтетический учет НМА
Аналитический учет НМА
Синтетический учет объектов нематериальных активов ведется на активном счете 04 «Нематериальные активы».
Аналитический учет нематериальных активов осуществляется путем открытия субсчетов к счету 04 «Нематериальные активы» по их видам и отдельным объектам.
Реконмендации

•	для учета нематериальных активов вследствие их разнообразия по составу и назначению имеет значение их классификация, исходя из которой и составляется отчетность о наличии и движении нематериальных активов, отсюда, учет данного вида средств организуется в бухгалтерии по их видам, независимо от организационно-правовой формы собственности предприятия;
•	 аналитический учет, организованный с применением вычислительной техники, позволяет сократить трудоемкость, затраты времени, повысить качество контроля, обеспечивает быстрый доступ к информации;
•	 особенностью учета нематериальных активов, в частности выбытия, является определение финансового результата по данной операции с последующим его отнесением либо на прибыль, либо на убытки.

Пути совершенствования учета нематериальных активов
Совершенствовать учет нематериальных активов можно с помощью переоценки справедливой стоимости групп нематериальных активов, пользующихся спросом на активном рынке.
Для совершенствования учета нематериальных активов первоначально необходимо исследовать структуру предприятия и его активов, долю нематериальных активов в активах, динамику ее роста, виды нематериальных активов, перечень объектов учета, показатели эффективности использования нематериальных активов, состояние документации, соблюдение норм и правил начисления амортизации.
Спасибо за внимание


title: Презентация на тему: Pennsylvania

text:
Pennsylvania

Pennsylvania is the 33rd most extensive, the 6th most populous, and the 9th most densely populated of the 50 United States. The state's four most populous cities are Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, Allentown, and Erie.

Pennsylvania's State Flag is composed of a blue field on which is embroidered the State Coat of Arms. The first State Flag bearing the State Coat of Arms was authorized by the General Assembly in 1799.

The State Flower is the Mountain Laurel, as enacted by the General Assembly on May 5, 1933.
The mountain laurel is in full bloom in mid-June, when Pennsylvania's woodlands are filled with its distinctive pink flower.

Philadelphia is the largest city in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania


title: Презентация на тему: Pay the most expensive

text:
The Most Expensive Watches Ever
The Most Expensive Home In America
World's Most Expensive Barbecue Plated
World's Most Expensive Apartment
UK's Most Expensive Dog Wedding
World's Most Expensive Bike FE Ti XX
The World's First 10 Carat Diamond Manicure
The End
Henry Graves Supercomplication (1932) Sold at Sotheby's in 1999
In 1994, American billionaire Ira Rennert picked up the 63-acre oceanfront parcel in Sagaponack that he dubbed Fair Field.
The assessed value of the Sagaponack property in 2009 - a mere $170.167.400.
Australian firm BeefEater Barbecues spin off of their Signature Series 6 Burner SL4000 - The first of its kind the gold plated grill.
Each of the hand-built grills priced at about $165.000 is Individually plated in 24-carat gold".
U.K. Louise threw the most expensive and over-the-top wedding for her het pooch Lola. Lola married Mugly, a Chinese Crested, who won her hand (ahem...paw) at a Facebook contest
The price tag for this extravagant affair was a neat £20,000 (32,600).
The new most expensive motorcycle in the world is the Ecosse Titanium Series FE Ti XX superbike, priced at $300,000
Only thirteen units will ever be made, and one of them will actually never be used on the road
The Iced manicure by Cherish Angula is the ultimate luxury experience and is unparalleled, compared to any other manicure treatment you can find.
The price for an Iced manicure is an incredible $51,000
Ten artisans put in  work over four months to create the heart-shaped bag, which is made of 4,517 diamonds.
The 533-foot long Eclipse super-yacht is owned by Russian billionaire and Chelsea football club - Roman Abramovich.

Initially the Eclipse would 'just' cost around 420.000.000 $, but many changes made it recently rise to $1.200.000.000.
The first on the list is the world's famous and exquisitely rare breed called Samoyed, which costs around $3000 to $8000.
The second on the list is the popular British-born dog breed, which costs around $2000 to $5000 the Bulldog or colloquially known as English Bulldog or British Bulldog.
The third on the list is the small version of Spaniel type breeds which costs around $800 to $3.500, the Cavalier
King Charles Spaniel.


title: Презентация на тему: People

text:
People
87
42
Age
Looks
Good-looking
handsome
pretty
beautiful
Height and Weight
overweight
muscular
Of medium build
skinny
Hair
frizzy
curly
wavy
Shoulder-length
Beard and moustache
bald
Who is who?
Character adjectives
patient
optimistic
sensitive and caring
easy-going and sociable
stubborn
selfish
reliable
shy
sincere
Match the adjectives to their opposites.
a. confident
b. generous
c. pessimistic
d. flexible
e. unreliable
f. unsociable
g. irritable
h. impatient
i. insincere
j. insensitive
shy
selfish
reliable
stubborn
sincere
sensitive
sociable
patient
 easy-going
optimistic
Tell your friend  about the idea of going hiking.
Suggest inviting a person whom your friend knows. Give reasons. Mention some of his qualities.
Agree with your friend and suggest inviting another person whom your friend doesn’t know. Describe this person.
Ask some questions about this person.
Support the idea.
Reject the idea. Give reasons.
Agree with your friend and suggest inviting one more person whom your friend doesn’t know.
Describe the person whom you  suggest inviting.
Agree with your friend and set the time to meet together and discuss the details.


title: Презентация на тему: People

text:
PEOPLE
Develop your writing skills
APPEARANCE
Hair: bald, dark, fair, red, grey, blond, fringe, plaits, ponytail, shoulder-length, curly, straight, wavy
Age: in her/his (early/mid/late) teens, twenties, thirties, middle-aged, young, elderly
Face: chin, eyebrows, forehead, freckles, wrinkles, lips, moustache, shape; narrow/thin/long/round
General: good-looking, dark/light complexion, short, tall, well-built, overweight, slim, pretty
The Beatles
Listen to the song and fill in the gaps
Girl
Is there (1)… going to listen to my (2)…
All about the girl(3) .. came to stay?
She`s a kind of girl, you want so much, it makes you (4)…
Still you don`t (5)… a single day. Oh, girl, girl, girl…
When I think of all these(6) … I`ve tried so hard to(7) … her,
She will turn to me and start to (8)….
And she (9)… the Earth to me and I (10)… her,
After all this time I don`t know (11)… Oh, girl, girl, girl…
She`s a kind of girl who (12)… you (13)…
When friends are there, you feel a (14)…
When you say, she`s looking good, she (15)… as if it`s understood.
She`s cool, cool, cool…  Girl, girl, girl…
Was she told when she was young that (16)… would lead to(17)…
Did she understand it when they said,
That a man must break his back to(18) … his day of (19)…?
Will she still believe it when he`s (20)…? Oh, girl, girl, girl…
Who, regret, anybody, story, times, sorry, cry, leave, why, promises, fool, act, puts, pain, down, earn, pleasure, dead, leisure, believe
Check yourself
Girl
Is there (1) anybody, going to listen to my (2)story
All about the girl(3) who  came to stay?
She`s a kind of girl, you want so much, it makes you (4)sorry
Still you don`t (5)regret a single day. Oh, girl, girl, girl…
When I think of all these(6)times I`ve tried so hard to(7)leave her,
She will turn to me and start to (8) cry
And she (9) promises the Earth to me and I (10) believe her,
After all this time I don`t know (11) why Oh, girl, girl, girl…
She`s a kind of girl who (12) puts you (13)down
When friends are there, you feel a (14) fool
When you say, she`s looking good, she (15) acts as if it`s understood.
She`s cool, cool, cool…  Girl, girl, girl…
Was she told when she was young that (16) pain would lead to(17) pleasure
Did she understand it when they said,
That a man must break his back to(18)  earn his day of (19) leisure?
Will she still believe it when he`s (20) dead? Oh, girl, girl, girl…
What does the girl look like?
She looks…
I would imagine she is…
I would guess she is…
She appears to be…
I think she likes…
Use more adjectives
immature, thoughtless, ambitious, bad-tempered, honest, loyal, impolite, selfish, foolish, caring
Fayina always tells the truth. Sometimes , though, she  forgets how it can hurt other people`s feelings. ________________, _______________
Grigori never betrays his friends and he always tries to help them with their problems. _____________, _____________
Nadine wants to be famous, and she thinks that the whole world should be interested in her and her problems. _______________, _________________
Robert needs to grow up and stop behaving in such a stupid way. ____________, ______________
Karolek is always angry about something. He never says “please” or “thank you”. ______________, ________________
Check yourself
Fayina always tells the truth. Sometimes , though, she  forgets how it can hurt other people`s feelings. (honest, thoughtless)
Grigori never betrays his friends and he always tries to help them with their problems. (loyal, caring)
Nadine wants to be famous, and she thinks that the whole world should be interested in her and her problems. (ambitious, selfish)
Robert needs to grow up and stop behaving in such a stupid way. (immature, foolish)
Karolek is always angry about something. He never says “please” or “thank you”. (bad-tempered, impolite)
Use more adverbs
Cleverly, nervously, proudly, bravely, angrily, gently, excitedly
Jill _______ showed her parents the prize she had won.
George shouted ________ at his brother and ran out of his house.
Meisha opened her letter __________ and began to read.
Rita waited ___________ outside the headmaster`s office.
Paul __________ fixed the problem with my computer and we surfed the Internet.
Mr. Simpson ______________ decided to go back  into the burning house.
Alice lifted the baby up ________ and held him in her arms.
Which sentences might have more than one answer?
Check yourself
Jill proudly showed her parents the prize she had won.
George shouted angrily at his brother and ran out of his house.
Meisha opened her letter excitedly and began to read.
Rita waited nervously outside the headmaster`s office.
Paul cleverly fixed the problem with my computer and we surfed the Internet.
Mr. Simpson bravely decided to go back  into the burning house.
Alice lifted the baby up gently and held him in her arms.
Write a paragraph
Everybody knew that a new girl was starting at our school. We heard that her name was Katyuska. The desk next to me was empty and I knew she would probably sit there. When I got to school on Monday I quickly hung my coat up and went to my desk. There was the new girl.
She was…
Lessons started and I found out that she was excellent at maths. She even helped me with one or two problems. I knew we were going to be great friends from that day on.
Composition development
Homework
Informal letter
You`ve received a letter from your pen-friend Andrew
 “… We moved our house a couple of weeks ago and I had to change school. I feel very lonely because I haven`t got friends here and I miss my classmates and teachers. In your previous letter you wrote that you had met your best friend at school. How did it happen? What is your friend like? How do you spend your free time together?”
Write a letter to Andrew. In your letter answer all his questions.
Write 80-100 words.
Remember the rules of letter writing.
Answer the questions
Who are you going to write a letter?
Why are you going to write a letter?
What is written at the beginning and at the end of the letter?
What is the main topic of the letter?
How many paragraphs are there in the letter?
What grammar structures would you choose to describe your friend?
Урок-презентация в 9 классе
Презентация выполнена учителем английского языка Субботиной Е.В.
ГОУ СОШ № 78


title: Презентация на тему: Pearl Harbor


title: Презентация на тему: Pencils Template


title: Презентация на тему: PCR and sequence

text:
Hybridization (DNA-DNA or DNA-RNA)
We can denaturate and renaturate DNA by heating/cooling
As DNA is heated, it reaches a temperature where the strands separate (DNA melts).
Tm of DNA is affected by:
RNA can bind DNA (U is equivalent of T in hybridization)
Hybridization could be less than perfect
So, hybridization is a most obvious phenomenon to use for specific DNA detection
Polymerase labeling of DNA
T4 polynucleotide kinase labeling
Professor Sir Ed Southern, Whitley Professor of Biochemistry at the University of Oxford
Colony hybridization assay for the identificationof bacterial colonies carrying a particular DNA clone
Design of degenerated synthetic hybridization probes (for already known proteins only)
The degeneracy of a primer is the number of unique sequences it corresponds to (5 in one of the examples below).
Fluorescent probe hybridization
How streptavidin/biotin binding is working?
IN SITU HYBRIDIZATION is an imaging method to visualize mRNA expression in tissues and cells.
Cy3/Cy5 direct labelling of DNA (for microarrays)
2. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
Exponential nature of PCR amplification
Avoid primer dimer formation
Use Software to avoid of such problems
Typical PCR gel (Every PCR should by gel-verifyed)
Non-specific PCR and how to improve it
PCR enzymes
Tth polymerase
Pfu polimerase
Pol Vent (From Thermococcus litoralis)
Long-Range PCR
3. SEQUENCING: (Sanger method)
Dideoxynucleotide blocks chain elongation
DNA sequencing:  chemistry, with terminator dyes
Semi-automated fluorescent DNA sequencing:
Applied Biosystems Inc., have designed an automated method that combines the PCR and actual sequencing
DNA sequencing by primer walking
Chemical synthesis of DNA
General consideration about Gene Expression
Expression Host -> Expression System
Promoter system -> expression vector
Properties of product -> stability
Production level
Comparison of expression systems
Prokaryotic Expression vector
Prokaryotic Expression vector
Eukaryotic Expression vector
Promoters
Control of transcription of the lac operon.
Click to edit Master title style
Click to edit Master text styles
Second level
Third level
Fourth level
Fifth level
*
*
*
http://biol1.bio.nagoya-u.ac.jp:8000/MatsudaM01fig2.jpg
Same for arrayed clones
ww2.mcgill.ca/biology/undergra/ c200a/f07-16.gif
DNA melting
Primer annealing
DNA elongation
Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1993,
at age 48
Kary Mullis
(invented PCR in 1983)
PhD
"The Cosmological Significance
of Time Reversal,"
Biochemistry from U.C. Berkeley
medlib.med.utah.edu/block2/ biochem/
DNA
more STABLE
in high-salt conditions.

DNA
more STABLE
When contains many GC
medlib.med.utah.edu/block2/ biochem/
COMPLEX
(DYNAMIC)
PICTURE

IN SOLUTION
medlib.med.utah.edu/block2/ biochem/
ssDNA
H-bonds between basepairs
are broken and the strand unwind.
Unstacked bases
(random orientation)
absorb more light
than neatly stacked
(oriented) base-pairs
Melting curve.
The temperature
at which DNA is half unfolded
Tm (melting temp)
Tm is a measure of the stability of dsDNA under a given set of conditions
Hypochromic
Shift
http://www.biology.arizona.edu/molecular_bio/problem_sets/m/graphics/05ta.gif
http://www.biology.arizona.edu/molecular_bio/problem_sets/m/graphics/05ta.gif
1. Base Composition :
 higher the GC content, the higher the Tm.
2. Ionic Strength :
as the ionic strength increases, so does Tm.
Double helical DNA is stabilized by cations.
Divalent cations (Mg2+) are more effective
than monovalent cations (NA+ or K+).
A DNA probe,
covalently bound to biotin,
is hybridized to
a denatured chromosome preparation.

An avidin-bound fluorescent label (FITC)
is layered on top of the cells,
and the avidin-FITC binds the biotin.
The signal is amplified further
by layering rabbit anti-avidin antibody
(which binds the avidin-FITC),
and then layering FITC-labeled
anti-rabbit antibody on top.

Fluorescence will be detected only
where the DNA probe
has hybridized to the chromosome.
http://www.childsdoc.org/spring2000/missinggenes.asp
Specific probe self-anneals to target DNA
How to visualize DNA?
Radioactively
Fluorescently
Gamma-33-ATP
Alpha-32-ATP
can be used when some of the related genomic sequences
are unknown, or known only in a related species.
Up to 1010 degeneracy is tolerated
http://amiga1.med.miami.edu/Medical/PDF-Files/Lecture10.pdf
http://amiga1.med.miami.edu/Medical/PDF-Files/Lecture10.pdf
http://amiga1.med.miami.edu/Medical/PDF-Files/Lecture10.pdf
42 C
is more stringent
condition
that 35 C

(hybridization
 is more specific)
<http://www.utmb.edu/proch/servo3.htm>
Gamma-33-ATP
olig
dNTP
Used for oligonucleotide
labeling
Labeling by
NICK TRANSLATION
DNAse I
Polymerase I (exonuclease activity)
Polymerase I (polymerase activity)
Will work without DNAse,
as there are always nicks in DNA
www.mun.ca/biology/scarr/ 3250_Southern_Blot_analysis.htm
STAINED by Et Br
VIZUALIZED by P32
Encephalin gene expression
in the mouse brain
www.omrf.org/OMRF/ Core/InSitu.asp
The HuC transcript is expressed specifically
 in the nervous system of this E18 mouse
Largest free energies of association
of yet observed for noncovalent binding
of a protein and small ligand
in aqueous solution (K_assoc = 10**14).
Complex is extremely stable.
Streptavidin is a protein.
1 mole of SA binds 4 moles Bio
BIOTIN is a vitamin B
(small thing)
Biotin could be added to nucleotide
and incorporated into the probe
(67 kD protein
from Streptococcus avidinii)
Avidin could be
conjugated with fluorophore
Cy5 -- RED
Just
PCR
5%
D
M
S
O
D
M
S
O
+
G
L
Y
M
A
R
K
E
R
Decrease in Mg concentraton
www.biotechlab.nwu.edu/ pe/Sld022.htm
use OLIGONEW or PRIMER software
Try for equal Tm for both primers
Marginally problematic primer
Fidelity of PCR is often an issue
www.biotechlab.nwu.edu/ pe/Sld022.htm
mkM
www.biotechlab.nwu.edu/ pe/Sld022.htm
Proof-reading activity enzymes are required for
High Yield and High Fidelity
are mutually exclusive
www.biotechlab.nwu.edu/ pe/Sld022.htm
If complete copies is amplified
www.biotechlab.nwu.edu/ pe/Sld022.htm
www.biotechlab.nwu.edu/ pe/Sld022.htm
www.biotechlab.nwu.edu/ pe/Sld022.htm
Plateau effect in PCR reaction
www.biotechlab.nwu.edu/ pe/Sld022.htm
Plateau effect in PCR reaction
Taq DNA polymerase, the first enzyme used for PCR,
is still the most popular.
-- high processivity
-- is the least expensive choice
-- generates PCR products
with single A overhangs on the 3´-ends
(Suitable for TOPO-cloning)
Half-life at 95C is 1.6 hours
Proofreading or high fidelity DNA polymerases
(from Pyrococcus furiosus).
approx.1 / 2, 000,000 nucleotides before making an error.

 In comparison Taq DNA polymerase
makes an error in approx. every 1/ 10,000 nucleotides.
can tolerate temperatures exceeding 95°C,
enabling it to PCR amplify GC-rich targets.
more expensive
Thermus thermophilus strain HB8.
RNA-dependent DNA-polymerase activity in the presence of Mn2+ ions.
DNA-dependent DNA-polymerase activity in the presence of Mg2+ ions.
The fragment should be ideally smaller 1 kb.
Mn 2+
Mg 2+
Use of two polymerases:

a non-proofreading polymerase Taq
is the main polymerase in the reaction,
a proofreading polymerase (3' to 5' exo) Pwo
is present at a lower concentration.
22-24 kb PCR products are achieved on
Qiagen and Eppendorf PCR mixes
Taq+ Pwo
(Pyrococcus woesei) ;
Pwo is very stable,
2 hrs at 100 C
Sanger method:
http://www.kids-dna.com/dnatube.gif
Frederick Sanger
(Nobel prize 1980 with Paul Berg and Walter Gilbert)
http://www.cbs.dtu.dk/staff/dave/roanoke/fig5_38.jpg
also known as Tli polymerase
Very termostable: Half-life at 95 C is approximately 7 hours
Vent error rate is intermediate between Taq and Pfu.

2-5 x 10-5 errors/bp
3'->5' exonuclease activity presents
FISH labeling of the centromeric highly repeated DNA
www.infobiogen.fr/.../
Metaphase FISH analysis
using the BAC probe RP11-104M2
labeled with FITC (green)
hybridized to a normal metaphase cell
confirms the chromosomal localization
of the probe (gene) to 4q28.
http://www.bioteach.ubc.ca/MolecularBiology/PolymeraseChainReaction/PCR.gif
.
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
template + polymerase +
dCTP
dTTP
dGTP
dATP
ddATP
ddGTP
ddTTP
ddCTP
extension
electrophoresis
Cycle Sequencing - PCR
higher throughput
Allison, Fundamental Molecular Biology
http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/report/volume2/fig1_8.htm
Western Blot
Southern
northern
western
What different types of information can be provided by each different blot type?
Use of Lac promoter (pLac) for expression of foreign protein
PstI
T7/lac
phoA
cutinase
NarI
SalI
HindIII
BamHI
phoA-cut
NdeI

S/D
Term
pFCEX1
Page 95
Terminators
Northern Blot
-> to study transcription level
Expression studies by microarray technique


title: Презентация на тему: Педагогический опыт работы учителя английского языка

text:
Педагогический опыт работы учителя английского языка Кировской общеобразовательной школы I – III ступеней Михайловой Татьяны Михайловны
Чтобы быть хорошим преподавателем, нужно любить то, что преподаешь и любить тех, кому преподаешь.
                            В.Ключевский

Использование ИКТ на уроках английского языка как средство повышения качества работы учащихся
Tell me
and I′ll forget.
Show me
and I′ll remember.
Involve me
and I′ll understand.
      Benjamin Franklin

Cкажи мне,
 и я забуду.
Покажи мне,
и я запомню.
Вовлеки меня ,
и я пойму.

Бенджамин Франклин

Актуальность темы
Актуальность выбранной темы обусловлена требованиями образовательного стандарта РФ на современном этапе развития сферы общего и среднего образования. Выбранная тема является актуальной для разработки в рамках образовательного учреждения.
Технология использования информационно-коммуникационных средств обучения английскому языку как способ повышения эффективности учебного процесса
«Весь мир — открытая задача. Решай — и ждет тебя удача…»А.А. Гин

Варианты применения информационных технологий
Систематическое использование информационных технологий в качестве средств обучения.

Фрагментарное использование информационных технологий.
Реализация всего курса обучения при помощи компьютера
Интерактивные технологии, методы и приемы

ИСУД

Обучение
в сотрудничестве
Коммуникативный

Метод проектов
ИСУД
И- индивидуальный
С- стиль
У- учебно-познавательной
Д- деятельности
Метод проектов
English-speaking countries.The crossword.
R
E
G
L
L
I
V
E
R
P
O
O
W
E
S
T
N
G
K
A
R
O
A
O
S
C
O
T
L
A
N
D
B
N
C
H
R
F
I
E
G
A
T
W
I
N
E
A
P
L
M
K
I
C
A
N
E
D
R
O
C
L
L
E
R
A
S
A
W
R
N
O
D
O
L
G
N
H
E
N
C
O
N
S
S
T
O
N
Hello, I am Englishman and I want to check your knowledge of my country and other English-speaking countries.
The first question will be political: which government organization in USA presents the Supreme Legislative Power?
The second one will be for music lovers: this city is famous for its world-known group consisted of 4 people.
Usually, it is a genre of films with many cowboys, Indians, bandits, horses and  shootouts, located on the Wild West.
This animal is national symbol of Australia.
One of the countries belonging to the UK.
Good job, you have almost found all the words, but I think I missed something…
That’s it! I forgot to introduce myself, but I am sure you know my name. So, what is it?
I was absolutely sure that you know me. The next question is: what is one of two official languages in Canada?
The longest mountains in the world, “backbone” of  North America, Central America and South America.

This is 2nd largest and busiest airport in Great Britain after Heathrow.
The leaf of this tree is national symbol of Canada.
What is the capital of USA?
And what is the capital of Great Britain?
I was glad to spend time with you puzzling out this crossword. Good luck and good bye!
Применение средств информационных технологий в процессе обучения английскому языку для:
Ожидаемые результаты:
повышение успеваемости и уровня обученности учащихся, мотивации к изучению предмета;
повышение своего теоретического, научно-методического уровня, профессионального мастерства и компетентности;
разработка и апробирование дидактических материалов, тестов, наглядностей, создание электронного комплекта педагогических разработок;
разработка и проведение открытых уроков, обобщение опыта по исследуемой теме;
доклады, выступления на заседаниях педагогических советов, участие в конкурсах и конференциях  с  обобщением опыта.
ПОЗИТИВНЫЕ РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ ПО ВЫПОЛНЕНИЮ ФУНКЦИЙ КЛАССНОГО РУКОВОДИТЕЛЯ

Повышение профессионального уровня и самообразование
Перспективный план работы на 2014 – 2015 учебный год
Работать над оформлением кабинета;
Участвовать в различных конкурсах и мероприятиях;
Обновлять дидактические материалы;
Использовать на уроках новые педагогические технологии;
Работать над самообразованием;
Регулярно изучать методическую литературу, посещать уроки учителей английского языка, применять передовой опыт в своей педагогической деятельности;
Продолжить работать над проблемой «Использование ИКТ на уроках английского языка как средство повышения качества работы учащихся».
«Задача учителя не в том, чтобы дать ученикам максимум знаний, а в том, чтобы привить им интерес к самостоятельному поиску знаний, научить добывать знания и пользоваться ими.»
Константин Кушнер

Спасибо за внимание!


title: Презентация на тему: People we are proud of

text:
Project work completed by:
the  student of the 11th  Form
Bulat Nazibullin
Supervisor: Nazibullina V.U.,
an English teacher

			Tatyshly 2011
"People we are proud of"
QUESTIONNAIRE‘‘DO YOU KNOW?’’
           THE RESULT OF OUR QUESTIONNAIRE
     My native place isn’t a big city, I live in one of the most beautiful districts of Republic Bashkortostan– Tatyshly.  Nevertheless, there are a lot of famous people in our district. Among them you can find the names of scientists, heroes of war and labor, actors and singers , writers and poets.
с.Верхние Татышлы
    One can ask me: “Is it possible?”
      I’ll try to answer this question.

a champion of Russia,
 a champion of Europe,
 	But I’d like to tell you about our countryman Kamil’yanov Timerkhan Sabir’yanovich. He is not a young man, but today he is a famous sportsman.
      He is
five-time world champion,
absolute champion of the 1st world Olympiad of weights lifting masters.
Timerkhan Kamil’yanov was born on 25 March, 1941, in the village of Krasnokamsk district. He came from friendly, industrious family.
He was fond of sport when he was a pupil, a student of secondary vet technical school in Sterlitamak and during his service in the Army in Saransk.
He always was the winner! He always took the 1st place in different competitions.
He took part in chess, sprint ,running, cross-country skiing, wrestling and discus throwing  competitions ,  he always did his best to be the winner.

  In summer there comes the time of Sabantui - Bashkir traditional holiday.
Wrestling attracts the biggest crowd of spectators, because the competitors show their strength and skill.
Timerkhan was the winner in each competition, as a rule he was awarded a prize, the top one being a ram, taken home on the winner’s shoulders.
    After the service in the Army he came back home. He thought: “New records, new victories…” But unfortunately, there was misfortune with him. He was in hospital 1.5 year with plaster, without any movements.  He was given the 2nd group of disablement. But the future champion didn’t agree with this decision. Horizontal bar, long walks, running… And in a year the medical commission decided to remove his physical inability.

Every morning he does his morning exercises, runs , jumps
and trains himself 3-4 hours a day in gym, doing special exercises.
At last,being a pensioner, Timerkhan Sabir’yanovich takes  the weights…

Timerkhan Sabir’yanovich says:
“Everybody, who aspires to his sacramental
purpose, he is sure to become  successful”
ACHIEAVMENTS.RECORDS.
ACHIEAVMENTS.RECORDS.
We are proud of our champion
Firstly, Timerkhan Sabir’yanovich is an example of a strong, hardworking, brave  and even courageous man. He is a man of purpose.
Secondly, it is a prominent person living next to us. He has a lot of   big achievements, brilliant records.
Thirdly, he is a role model for many boys, teenagers and the youth of our village.

           CONCLUSION
http://images.yandex.ru/yandsearch?text=%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B9&p=47&img_url=lorien.ru%2Fimgs%2Fsab2007%2F002.jpg&rpt=simage
http://images.yandex.ru/yandsearch?text=%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B9&p=239&img_url=www.book-chel.ru%2Fimgs%2F19_0.jpg&rpt=simage
http://images.yandex.ru/yandsearch?ed=1&text=%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%20%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8&p=44&img_url=smotra.ru%2Fdata%2Fimg%2Fusers_imgs%2F27883%2Fsm_users_img-140819.jpg&rpt=simage
http://www.webnf.ru/201104136294/vilagday/2011-04-18-10-08-42.html
 Газета «Краснокамские зори» , статья« Чемпион Европы и мира»
автор Ф. Салихзянов;
«Молодежная газета» от 18 декабря 2008 года, статья «Железный Тимерхан» автор      А. Ничков;
Газета «Татышлинский Вестник» от  25 октября 2008 года, статья «Прославил район на весь Мир» автор В. Валиев;
Газета «Татышлинский Вестник» от 9 июня 2009 года, статья «Браво, Чемпион!» автор В. Валиев;
Фотографии из личного архива Камильянова Т.С.;
Фотографии из личного архива автора  работы Назибуллина Булата;

          RESOURCES USED
Our champion is 70 years old today
P.
S.


title: Презентация на тему: Past Simple Tense

text:
Past Simple Tense
Prezentacii.com
Remember!
             Простое прошедшее время

                 (Past Simple Tense)

     обозначает действия, которые      произошли в прошлом
Remember !
Правильно говорить о том,
что действие произошло
в прошлом тебе помогут
глаголы во II форме
   Все глаголы делятся на
правильные и неправильные
         правильные
like – liked
watch – watched
play – played
count – counted
      неправильные
sleep – slept
swim – swam
go – went
have – had
Remember!
                 Слова-спутники
            прошедшего  времени:
yesterday  - вчера
the day before yesterday - позавчера
last month – в прошлом месяце
last year – в прошлом году
last week – на прошлой неделе
a year ago – год назад
a week ago – неделю назад
in 2009 – в 2009 году
Compare:
I go to school every day

Boys play football.

Grandma watches TV in the living room.
I went to school yesterday.

Girls played volleyball.

Mom watched a film.

Расскажите о том,
что вы делали вчера
с друзьями
Remember!
     Чтобы задать вопрос или составить
отрицательное предложение на помощь
      приходит вспомогательный глагол
                   did
slept
A cat
yesterday.
a cat
sleep
yesterday
yesterday.
Did
did not
sleep
A cat
?
Задайте вопросы
     My father went to the cinema yesterday.
Did my father go to the cinema yesterday?

     His sister bought a new dress last week.
Did his sister buy a new dress last week?

      A dog ate a bone.
Did a dog eat a bone?
Глагол – связка to be
1. I was
2. You were
3. He was
    She was
    It was
1. We were
2. You were
3. They were
Как задать вопрос?
Was he happy?
Were they happy?
Отрицательные формы
was not = wasn’t
were not = weren’t
He
We
was
were
in the park.
in the park.
not
not
He
They
was
were
happy.
happy.
?
?
Как составить вопросительное предложение
Составьте вопросительные предложения
We were in the park last Sunday.
Were we in the park last Sunday?
They were very happy.
Were they very happy?
He was a very good boy.
Was he a very good boy?
I was at school yesterday.
Were you at school yesterday?
Власова Светлана Александровна
учитель английского языка
МОУ Рождественская сош
Челябинской области

Презентация может быть использована
для объяснения и тренировки Past Simple Tense

Использованные ресурсы:

http://www.futajik.ru/tag/multyashki/
http://1smeshariki.ru/oboi/


title: Презентация на тему: People work

text:
http://learnenglishkids.britishcouncil.org/songs/people-work
People work in the country
People work in the town
People work day and night
To make the world go round
Listening Strategy

Read the statements to understand what the text is about.
Underline the key words in the statements.
Listen to the text for the first time.
Choose the answer using the information from the text.
Use the pause before the second listening to find out the missing information.
Check your answers.
1) True            2) False           3) Not stated
2) False
2) False
2) False
1) True
3) Not stated
3) Not stated
1) True
Gapped text
Look through the whole text
Read the sentence with a gap
Read the text before and after the gap
Analyze the structure and decide what part is necessary
Read the list of sentences and translate them  carefully
Choose  grammatically and lexically suitable answer
Fill in all the answers
Decide on an extra sentence
Check your answers
A 6.  you just have to be able to speak a bit of English
B 3. most of the time I really enjoy looking after these young ladies and gentleman.
C 5. simply playing the games they offered.
D 2. so I can visit morning classes that are cheaper.
F 1.  arguing about everything beginning with the dinner and finishing the university their offspring is going to study at.
E 4. the parents of the children.
Word formation
Read the text
Decide part of speech needed
Form the new word with the same root
Answer all the questions
Check your answers
train
equip
intelligent
feed
private
active
V       N  training
V      N equipment
Adj      N intelligence
V      N food
Adj      N privacy
Adj      N activities
Noun forming suffixes
-al		survival
-age	carriage
-ance	acceptance
-ation	exploration
-dom	wisdom
-ence	dependence
-ency	urgency
-hood	childhood
-ing(s)	belongings
-ion	exception
-ity		popularity
-ment	argument
Comment on the following statement.
2 - 8

7
17
6
32 - 37
6
46
14
33


Презентация на тему: Перевод на английский


title: Презентация на тему: People in the family

text:
People in the family
[a:]
    1. jokplmotherk  2.jthfsvjosonulf  3.kbrotheruhfbp                                             4.gtyhauntglmo
    5.pgrandfathero
mother
    1. jokplmotherk  2.jthfsvjosonulf                                            3.kbrotheruhfbp                                             4.gtyhauntglmo
    5.pgrandfathero
son
    1. jokplmotherk  2.jthfsvjosonulf                                            3.kbrotheruhfbp                                             4.gtyhauntglmo
    5.pgrandfathero
brother
    1. jokplmotherk  2.jthfsvjosonulf                                            3.kbrotheruhfbp                                             4.gtyhauntglmo
    5.pgrandfathero
aunt
    1. jokplmotherk  2.jthfsvjosonulf                                            3.kbrotheruhfbp                                             4.gtyhauntglmo
    5.pgrandfathero
father
Answer questions.

                            c) Africa
         b)   America
Great Britain
 b) housewife
     c) dentist
 She is 9.
       a teacher
                               b) hospital
                           c) office
office

                c) roller-skate

 b)ride a bike
roller-skate
The Finger Family

Daddy Finger, Daddy Finger, where are you?
Here I am, here I am, How do you do?
Mommy Finger, Mommy Finger, where are you?
Here I am, here I am, How do you do?
Brother Finger, Brother Finger, where are you?
Here I am, here I am, How do you do?
Sister Finger, Sister Finger, where are you?
Here I am, here I am, How do you do?
Baby Finger, Baby Finger, where are you?
Here I am, here I am, How do you do?


title: Презентация на тему: Перевод

text:
Muokkaa otsikon perustyyliä napsauttamalla
Muokkaa tekstin perustyylejä napsauttamalla
toinen taso
kolmas taso
neljäs taso
viides taso
Muokkaa otsikon perustyyliä napsauttamalla
Muokkaa alaotsikon perustyyliä napsauttamalla
Muokkaa tekstin perustyylejä napsauttamalla
toinen taso
kolmas taso
neljäs taso
viides taso
900igr.net
n
x
n
x
y
Example: The layer of material beneath tooth enamel is the dentine. It too is composed of hydroxyapatite to the extent of about 70 per cent, the remainder is collagen and water. The dentine matrix is perforated by a number of tiny canals which radiate from the pulp cavity to the surface. These are the dentine tubules.
Federal Agency for Construction, Housing and Communal Services
Federal agency on construction and zhilishchnokommunalnomu facilities
Federal Service for Ecology and Natural Resources Supervision
Federal service on supervision in sphere of wildlife management
Federal Agency of Real Estate Cadastre
Federal agency of a cadastre of objects of the real estate


title: Презентация на тему: Пазлы. Тренажёр по английскому языку

text:
 a rabbit
  a hen
a cock
a pig
 a dog
 a frog
a duck
a kitten
  a cat
 a rabbit
  a hen
a cock
a pig
 a frog
  a cat
a duck
a kitten
 a rabbit
  a hen
a cock
a pig
 a frog
  a cat
a duck
 a rabbit
  a hen
a cock
 a frog
  a cat
a duck
 a rabbit
  a hen
a cock
 a frog
a duck
 a rabbit
a cock
 a frog
a duck
 a rabbit
a cock
a duck
 a rabbit
a cock
 a rabbit


title: Презентация на тему: Переход прилагательных в существительные

text:
 Переход прилагательных в существительные.
Некоторые имена прилагательные могут, как  в русском языке, употребляться в значении существительных. Они употребляются со значением множественного числа. Они не принимают окончания –s и употребляются с определенным артиклем:
Прилагательные, как существительные
1. There are special schools for the blind in our country. –  В нашей стране существуют специальные школы для слепых.
2. Immediate help was rendered to the sick.- Больным была оказана немедленная помощь.
Example:
Для обозначения одного или нескольких отдельных лиц употребляется сочетание прилагательного с одним из существительных:man-men; woman- women; person-persons; people- peoples and etc;
Примечание:
A blind man- слепой; a blind woman- слепая; two blind persons- двое слепых; a poor man- бедняк; two poor men- два бедняка.

Прилагательные обозначающие национальность, могут превращаться в                      существительные.
Прилагательные, обозначающие национальности оканчивающиеся на –an; - ian (Russian)
Nationalities:
Во множественном числе данные национальности принимают окончание –s:
a Russian – русский;             two Russiansa Bulgarian- болгарин;        three Bulgariansa German- немец;                 two Germansa Norwegian- норвежец;      two Norwegiansan American- американец;  four Americans

Во множественном числе такие существительные могут употребляться для обозначения данной нации в целом. В этом случае пред ними стоит определенный артикль:the Russians- русскиеthe Norwegians- норвежцыthe Germans- немцыthe Bulgarians- болгары

Прилагательные, оканчивающиеся на –se, -ss (Chinese китайский, Swiss швейцарский), превращаются в существительные, употребляются со значением как единственного, так и множественного числа.

Прилагательные оканчивающиеся на –sh, -ch (English- английский, French- французский). Перед ними в этом случае стоит определенный артикль:  the French, the English, the Spanish, the Scotch and etc.

Когда речь не идет о нации в целом, употребляются составные существительные, образованные из данного прилагательного и существительных:  man, woman, women, men.
A Dutchman; a Scotchmen, a Frenchwomen, an Englishwomen and etc.

Выполни упражнение:a Chinese- two Chine…;a Japanese- two Japane…;a Swiss- two Swiss…;an Englishman- an Eglishm…n…;a Frenchman- a Frenchm…n…;a Dutchwoman- a Dutchwom…n…;a Spaniard- two Spaniard… .

1. К.Н. Качалова, Е.Е. Израилевич «Практическая грамматика английского языка с упражнениями и ключами».- БАЗИС КАРО, 2003 г.

Используемая литература:


text:
Выполнила: учитель английского языка МБОУ СОШ №22 п. Кубань, Гулькевичского районаКалашник Наталья Александровна
 Переход прилагательных в существительные.
Некоторые имена прилагательные могут, как  в русском языке, употребляться в значении существительных. Они употребляются со значением множественного числа. Они не принимают окончания –s и употребляются с определенным артиклем:
Прилагательные, как существительные
1. There are special schools for the blind in our country. –  В нашей стране существуют специальные школы для слепых.
2. Immediate help was rendered to the sick.- Больным была оказана немедленная помощь.
Example:
Для обозначения одного или нескольких отдельных лиц употребляется сочетание прилагательного с одним из существительных:man-men; woman- women; person-persons; people- peoples and etc;
Примечание:
A blind man- слепой; a blind woman- слепая; two blind persons- двое слепых; a poor man- бедняк; two poor men- два бедняка.

Прилагательные обозначающие национальность, могут превращаться в                      существительные.
Прилагательные, обозначающие национальности оканчивающиеся на –an; - ian (Russian)
Nationalities:
Во множественном числе данные национальности принимают окончание –s:
a Russian – русский;             two Russiansa Bulgarian- болгарин;        three Bulgariansa German- немец;                 two Germansa Norwegian- норвежец;      two Norwegiansan American- американец;  four Americans

Во множественном числе такие существительные могут употребляться для обозначения данной нации в целом. В этом случае пред ними стоит определенный артикль:the Russians- русскиеthe Norwegians- норвежцыthe Germans- немцыthe Bulgarians- болгары

Прилагательные, оканчивающиеся на –se, -ss (Chinese китайский, Swiss швейцарский), превращаются в существительные, употребляются со значением как единственного, так и множественного числа.

Прилагательные оканчивающиеся на –sh, -ch (English- английский, French- французский). Перед ними в этом случае стоит определенный артикль:  the French, the English, the Spanish, the Scotch and etc.

Когда речь не идет о нации в целом, употребляются составные существительные, образованные из данного прилагательного и существительных:  man, woman, women, men.
A Dutchman; a Scotchmen, a Frenchwomen, an Englishwomen and etc.

Выполни упражнение:a Chinese- two Chine…;a Japanese- two Japane…;a Swiss- two Swiss…;an Englishman- an Eglishm…n…;a Frenchman- a Frenchm…n…;a Dutchwoman- a Dutchwom…n…;a Spaniard- two Spaniard… .

1. К.Н. Качалова, Е.Е. Израилевич «Практическая грамматика английского языка с упражнениями и ключами».- БАЗИС КАРО, 2003 г.

Используемая литература:


title: Презентация на тему: People’s Princess. The Truly Story About Lady Diana

text:
The Princess of Wales was not royal by birth, although her family descends from Henry VII. She was born the Honourable Diana Frances Spencer at Park House on the Sandringham Estate.
Diana had two elder sisters. Sarah and Jane, and a younger brother, Charles. Life at Park House was orderly traditional and aristocratic. The Spencer children lived in the nursery wing on the first floor, set away from the main building; they saw their parents only for an hour in the morning and at tea time.
When Diana returned to Britain from Switzerland, she lived in London, sharing the apartment with old school friends. She moved in the society that was described by some as « Sloane Rangers», so called because much of their leisure time was spent around Sloane Square. Diana became a nanny to a number of children, and took a three-month cookery course, before joining the Young England Kindergarten as a helper.
After the ceremony, the couple returned to Buckingham Palace, while vast crowds pressed against the railings to catch glimpse of the new Princess of Wales.
From the moment they were married, the Prince and Princess of Wales became the focus of public attention to an extent never before experienced in Britain, even by the Royal Family. They were the mostly watched couple in the world. Diana became the most photographed woman on the Earth.
She was an affectionate mother. She said she had found her true destiny.
Diana was not an intellectual. But despite her lack of academic achievement, she possessed a quick wit and an understanding that enabled her to survive those early years and adapt to her new role. Diana won many hearts with her spontaneity and genuine warmth. People from all walks of life and of all ages identified with her for her sense of style as well as for compassion she showed to the sick.
It was her common touch, combined with her grace and aristocracy that made her so popular with the press.   They adored her and followed her wherever she went, knowing that she would always provide them with a winning picture or story. She never let them down.
She made many visits to the USA, where her popularity never waked, and where her popularity never waked, and   where she continued to be treated as royalty.
Diana began working towards her goal, which was to be taken seriously in her own right.
She had discussion witch political leaders, and finally she achieved her aim, taking a role on the international stage as an unofficial but highly influential ambassador.


title: Презентация на тему: people work

text:
Professions
a doctor
a pilot
a  dentist
an engineer
+
a nurse
a sailor
a teacher
an artist
a singer
a driver
a worker
a housewife
a dancer
a builder
an officer
a player
What do you want to be?
to be
am
is
are
 He is a doctor.
 He is not a doctor.
 Is he a doctor?
 They are pilots.
 They are not pilots.
Are they pilots?
 Am I a pupil?
 I am a pupil.
 I am not a pupil.
I is a dancer.

He am not a runner.

We is singers.

Is I a builder?

I are not a teacher.

She am not an artist.

Am you a driver?

They is not swimmers.

1. I am a dancer.
2. He is not a runner.
3. We are singers.
 4. Am I a builder?
5. I am not a teacher.
6. She is not an artist.
7. Are you a driver?
8. They are not swimmers.
am
are
Are
Am
am
Is
is
are
Our letters!
Text 1
1. My Mummy is from Great Britain.
2. Her name is Gloria.
3. She has got three children, three sons.
4. She likes to sing and dance.
5. The children like to sing and dance, too.
6. She is a doctor.
Text 2.
Africa
Nora
5
loves
dentist
draw
cook
fine
I Am a Pupil
I am a pupil,
He is a pupil,
She is a pupil, too.
I am not a dentist,
 I am a pupil
And I like you.


title: Презентация на тему: Патриотизм и память - негромкие слова

text:
Патриотизм и память – негромкие слова
1
Над проектом работали:Дергунова ЗлатаТелегин АнтонСавинков Александр,учащиеся 7 Б классаРуководитель: Рыжова Ольга ВладимировнаУчастники проекта: учащиеся школы, члены клуба «Патриот», учителя школы
2
«Мы говорим: зачем вспоминать? Зачем вспоминать старое? Теперь уж этого нет больше… Зачем это вспоминать? Прошло? Изменило форму, но не прошло… Если мы поглядим на прошедшее, нам откроется и наше настоящее».
Л. Толстой
3
Постановка проблемы
Актуальность проекта
В настоящее время по всей России идет всесторонняя работа над формированием гражданского общества и правового государства. Все это вносит изменения и в систему современной школы.
Равнодушное отношение в близким, товарищам, окружающим;
Недостаток сочувствия  и сострадания к горю…
Сегодня, когда на государственном уровне гражданско-патриотическое воспитание выделено в качестве приоритетного направления. Наш проект, направленный на сохранение преемственности поколений и формирование патриотизма, считаем особенно актуальным

4
5
Выбор проблемы
Определение цели и задачи проекта
Разработка плана действий
Сбор информации
Реализация проекта
Результаты проекта
Прогноз на будущее
Этапы реализации проекта
6
Цель проекта:

вовлечение  учащихся, педагогов , родителей в активную деятельность по патриотическому  воспитанию с целью формирования у обучающихся гражданственности, патриотизма, активной жизненной позиции для успешной их социализации на благо города и Родины в целом.
7
Задачи проекта:

формировать у участников проекта представление об истинных ценностях настоящего гражданина;
обучать детей основам поисковой деятельности, коммуникативным качествам, помогающим наладить контакт с ветеранами войны;
воспитывать у детей уважительное отношение к ветеранам воинам-интернационалистам, тактичность, понимание необходимости защищать внешние границы своей Родины.
Основополагающий вопрос
Что такое патриотизм? Как сформировать в подростке чувство патриотизма?

8
Направляющие вопросы:
Имеет ли место патриотизм в нашей жизни?
9
1 этап – анкетирование учащихся
2 этап – сбор информации
3 этап – определение мероприятий, направленных на решение проблем
4 этап – анализ проведенной работы и определение последующих действий в данном направлении

План реализации проекта
10
Анкетирование

(опрос в виде анкеты и видеоинтервью)

Знаете ли вы, что такое патриотизм?

2. Какие памятники, места памяти вы знаете, посвященные воинам ВОВ 1941 -1945 и других войн в нашем городе?

3. Кто должен воспитывать патриотизм  у подрастающего поколения? Школа или дом?
11
Ассоциативный ряд
«Патриот – кто он?»

Каждый, кто любит то место, где родился  и вырос.
Тот, кто любит и не забывает свою мать, свой дом.
Кто с гордостью осознает, что нет на Земле страны лучше нашей.
Тот, кто любит и охраняет природу. Ведь природа России сказочно богата.
Готов стать на защиту Отечества.
Знает государственную символику.
Готов отдать своей родине все силы и способности.
Знает историю страны, гордится своими предками.
12
«Патриот – кто он?»

Понятие «патриотизм, патриот в научной литературе» (публикация)

Кроссворд «Черты характера патриота»

Видеоинтервью
13
Кто должен воспитывать патриотизм  у подрастающего поколения? Школа или дом? (опрошено 12 человек)
14
Какие памятники, места памяти вы знаете, посвященные воинам ВОВ 1941 -1945 и других войн в нашем городе?
15
Недаром,  в конкурсе  видеоэкскурсий вместе с ветераном Бутаевым Е.А. «Бузулукские дворики» в рамках проведения недели «Музей и дети»
ученицей нашего класса Дергуновой Златой был выбран «Парк Победы и Воинской славы»
16
Как мы учимся патриотизму
С 2010 года в школе действует клуб «Патриот», руководитель – Поминова Оксана Леонидовна
17
Направления работы клуба «Патриот»

Работа с ветеранами Великой Отечественной войны, нуждающимися в помощи
Проектная деятельность «Я – гражданин России»
Исследовательская деятельность
Участие в конкурсах патриотической направленности
Работа музейного уголка
Исследовательская деятельность
18
Как мы учимся патриотизму
В 2013 году в клубе «Патриот» состояло 6 учащихся нашего класса, а в 2014-2015 году численность возросла до 18 человек
(из 24 человек),

19
Как мы учимся патриотизму
Работа с ветеранами Великой Отечественной войны
20
Как мы учимся патриотизму
Работа музейного уголка
21
Проведение экскурсий
22
Участие в конкурсах
23
Проведение мероприятий
 с приглашением ветеранов
24
Поисковая деятельность
25
Проведение традиционных классных часов памяти
26
27
Участие в линейках, посвященным дням воинской славы
литературно-музыкальные мероприятия
военно-спортивные игры
совместные вечера с родителями

28
Как мы учимся патриотизму
29
Как мы учимся патриотизму

Что мы знаем о Георгиевской ленточке?
Проект «Наша история» (о наших прадедах…)
Проект «Знамя Победы»
Письмо потомка: что я знаю о войне.
Участие в областных конкурсах и акциях

30
Навстречу 70-летию Победы

31
Результат проекта
УКРЕПИТСЯ ЧУВСТВО  СОБСТВЕННОЙ ПРИНАДЛЕЖНОСТИ К СОХРАНЕНИЮ И ПРОДОЛЖЕНИЮ ИСТОРИКО-КУЛЬТУРНОГО НАСЛЕДИЯ, ГОТОВНОСТИ ВНЕСТИ СВОЙ ПОСИЛЬНЫЙ ВКЛАД В ЕГО ПРЕОБРАЗОВАНИЕ И РАЗВИТИЕ;
СФОРМИРУЕТСЯ УВАЖЕНИЕ К СИМВОЛАМ НАШЕГО ГОСУДАРСТВА.
ПОЯВИТСЯ СТРЕМЛЕНИЕ ЗАБОТИТЬСЯ О ВЕТЕРАНАХ ВЕЛИКОЙ ОТЕЧЕСТВЕННОЙ ВОЙНЫ.
Ожидается развитие у детей чувства любви к своему краю, выработка чувства гордости за Отечество, готовности встать в любой момент на её защиту, а также улучшение  физического и духовного состояния учащихся


title: Презентация на тему: Переводы

text:
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900igr.net
MLV
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2005
2010
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Презентация на тему: Перевод с русского на английский


title: Презентация на тему: Periodisation of English

text:
Traditional Periodisation of English Languages History
  The commonly accepted, traditional periodisation divides English language history into three periods:

  Old English (OE);
  Middle English (ME);
  New or Modern English (NE, Mod E).
 This periodisation of English language history is partly based on the conventional three periods.

 It subdivides the history of the English language into seven periods.
Traditional Periodisation of English Languages History
The name of the period
Time (Chronology)
1.Old English (OE):
                    1.1 Early OE
                    1.2 Anglo-Saxon
2. Middle English (ME):
                    2.1 Early ME
                    2.2 Classical ME
3. New English (NE):
                   3.1 Early NE
                   3.2 The age of normalization and correctness
                   3.3 Late NE ( Modern English)

3.1  15th c. - mid.17th c.
3.2   mid.17th c. - 18th c.

3.3 the end of the 18th c.-     till nowadays
English language
development started with
the West Germanic (WG)
 Invasion by the Angles,
the Saxons, the Jutes
and the Frisians
 in the 5th century (449 A.D.).
Old English
 At the begging it was the stage of tribal dialects of the WG invaders, which were gradually losing contacts with the related continental languages.

 The tribal dialects were only used for oral communication.

 The 7th century is the beginning of writing, the tribal dialects gradually changed into local or regional dialects.
Old English
Middle English Period
starts
with the Norman Conquest
in 1066
Early Middle English
Historic Events
Linguistic Peculiarities
   1066, the year of the Norman Conquest

   Official language in England was French for 300 years

   Feudal system and foreign influences caused the greatest dialectal divergence
   A time of great linguistic changes at all the levels of the language

   English absorbed two layers of lexical borrowings: the Scandinavian element in the North-Eastern area (due to the Scandinavian invasions since the 8th c.) and the French element in the South-East (due to the Norman Conquest).

   Grammatical changes were so drastic that by the end of the period they transformed English into a mainly analytical one.
Classical Middle English
  The time of the restoration of  English to the position of the state and literary language and the time of literary flourishing.

  The main dialect used in writing and literature was the mixed dialect of London, which arose in the 14th c.
New English period
 starts with the
introduction of printing
in 1475 by William Caxton.
Early New English
  A time of progress in culture,    education and literature.

  The formation of the national English language.

  A time of sweeping changes at all levels.

  The period of variety and free choice in pronunciation, vocabulary and grammar.
The Age of Normalisation and Correctness
Modern English
  By the 19th c. English had achieved the relative stability and had acquired all the properties of a national language, with its recognised standards.

  The expansion of English overseas proceeded together with the growth of the British Empire in the 19th c.
Modern English
The last 30 or 40 years
 can be singled out
as the final
stage of development,
representing
Present-day English.


title: Презентация на тему: Perfekt. Прошедшее простое время

text:
  Perfekt
Perfekt  haben / sein + Partizip ll
   Haben                       Sein
Ich habe                    Ich bin
Du hast                     Du bist
Er/sie/es hat              Er/sie/es ist
Wir haben                  Wir sind
Ihr habt                     Ihr seid
Sie/sie haben             Sie/sie sind
Partizip ll
Übersetze ins Russische
Ich habe im Fluss gebadet.
Du hast die Pilze gesucht.
Er hat Geschichten erzählt.
Ich bin viel gereist.
Wir sind ins Kino gegangen.
Mein Freund ist mit dem Bus gefahren.
Sie hat jeden Morgen geturnt.

Die Aufgabe


title: Презентация на тему: Perfect world

text:
My perfect world
Feotkulov
Said-Akram
Friendship and understanding around the world
Kindness is very important for people
If all people were helpful, the world would be ideal place to be in
But human beings are killing our planet
The country is now polluted by factories
Thanks for attention


Презентация на тему: Перевод с английского


title: Презентация на тему: Penshurst Place and Gardens

text:
Penshurst Place and Gardens
Groombridge Place and The Enchanted Forest
The Royal Wells Hotel
Our island
Tell about yourself
NAME
FORM
TWELVE
FROM
HOBBY
A map
home, rose, from
bed, pen, street
bag, name, cat
sit, nine, pig
frog, fox, sport
face, apple, skate
The letter
from
street
name
nine
sport
apple
Ufa
USA
Moscow
Safargul
Inzer
Assy
HOSPITAL
STATION
MUSEUM
BANK
OFFICE
SHOP
SUPER-MARKET
BOOKSHOP
SCHOOL


Презентация на тему: Personal Information


title: Презентация на тему: People I am Proud of

text:
Khramtsova
 Lena- the 7b form.
      VLADIMIR PUTIN
Vladimir Putin is an outstanding Russian politician.
He was the President of Russia for  8 years.
            Vladimir                Putin
He was born on the 7th  of October  1952 in  Leningrad.
Juridical university
He graduated from the Internatio-
nal Department of the Law Faculty
                  of the Leningrad State
                       University in 1975

Following the
collapse  of the  East
German regi-
  me,he was
 recalled to the USSR.
His law-and-order image soon raised his popularity.
He was elected President
 of Russia in March,2000.
He is keen on judo and mountain
                  skiing.
He supports sports,arts,science and literature in the country.
Putin is popular among the young people.
People respect him because he he helps and supports them.
In 2008 he became a leader of the main political party of Russia.
And was named the Man of the Year.


title: Презентация на тему: People speak English all over the world

text:
Choose the reasons for learningEnglish
What do people need English for?

People speak English all overthe world
The capital of the USA is
Canberra
Wellington
Ottawa
 London

People speak English all overthe world
Washington
 The capital of Australia is
The capital of New Zealand is
The capital of Canada is
The capital of the UK is


title: Презентация на тему: Перевод английских глаголов

text:
900igr.net
to help, to know
help, know
helped, knew
helped, known
helping, knowing
help/helps
helped
helped
helping
ask
asked
asked
asking
do
did
done
doing
go
went
gone
going
build
built
built
building
say
said
said
saying
write
wrote
written
writing
teach
taught
taught
teaching
think
thought
thought
thinking
to have
to be
will
To have
To be

                             Indefinite, Continuous, Perfect, Perfect Continuous
Future, Present, Past
Active, Passive
Has been being built
Have been done
Have been doing
Builds
Was working
Will go
Will be asked
Am speaking
were helping
Is helping
Is being helped
1.will have done; 2. are doing; 3. did; 4. were done; 5. will be doing; 6. has done; 7. is doing; 8. will do; 9. was being done; 10. will be done; 11. had been doing; 12. does; 13.am doing; 14. do; 15. were doing; 16. was doing; 17. had been done; 18. will have been done; 19. have done; 20. has been done.
Has been being built
Have been done
Have been doing
Builds
Was working
Will go
Will be asked
Am speaking
Were helping
Is helping
Is being helped
Has been being built
Have been doing
Builds
Was working
Will go
Will be asked
Am speaking
Were helping
Is helping
Is being helped
Have been done


title: Презентация на тему: Перетащи слова к рисункам. Тренажёр по английскому языку

text:
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Textmasterformate durch Klicken bearbeiten
Zweite Ebene
Dritte Ebene
Vierte Ebene
Fünfte Ebene
a frog
a cat
a dog
a hen
a kitten
a pig
a pig
a kitten
a hen
a pen
a doll
a box
a box
a doll
a pen
a nut
a lamp
a bus
a lamp
a nut
a bus
a dress
a cup
a boy
a cup
a dress
a boy
a fox
a dog
a cat
a cat
a dog
a fox


Презентация на тему: перо


title: Презентация на тему: Перевод названий фильмов

text:
5klass.net
2
18
14
1
1
12
8
22
7
0