---
license: cc-by-sa-4.0
language:
  - en
pretty_name: BEIR CQADupStack Android (Retrieval)
size_categories:
  - "100<n<1K"
tags:
  - information-retrieval
  - beir
  - retrieval
  - rag
  - stack-exchange
  - community-question-answering
  - duplicate-question-retrieval
  - android
---

# BEIR CQADupStack — Android (`orgrctera/beir_cqadupstack_android`)

## Overview

This release packages the **Android** subforum slice of **CQADupStack** from the [**BEIR**](https://github.com/beir-cellar/beir) (Benchmarking IR) benchmark as a table-oriented dataset for **retrieval** evaluation and tooling (e.g. Langfuse-exported runs).

**CQADupStack** is a community **question answering (cQA)** resource built from **Stack Exchange** forums: posts are paired with **duplicate-question** annotations so systems can be evaluated on finding **earlier questions** that address the same information need. The **Android** subset restricts the corpus and queries to the [**android.stackexchange.com**](https://android.stackexchange.com/) forum—typical topics include device setup, apps, rooting, OEM behavior, and connectivity.

In the **BEIR** formulation, each **test query** is matched against a **corpus** of forum posts (questions with titles and body text, plus metadata such as tags in the upstream BEIR distribution). **Relevance judgments (qrels)** mark which corpus documents are **true duplicates** (or duplicate-cluster members used as positives) for that query. Evaluators rank retrieved documents and measure overlap with these IDs using standard IR metrics.

**Lineage:** [CQADupStack](http://nlp.cis.unimelb.edu.au/resources/cqadupstack/) (original benchmark) → [BEIR `cqadupstack/android`](https://github.com/beir-cellar/beir) → **this Hub dataset** (`orgrctera/beir_cqadupstack_android`).

**Scale (BEIR / ir-datasets):** the Android configuration includes on the order of **~699 test queries** and **~23K corpus documents** (full corpus is indexed at evaluation time; this table stores **query rows** with gold document IDs, not the corpus text).

## Task

- **Task type:** **Retrieval** — **duplicate-question retrieval** on the **CQADupStack Android** collection (BEIR sub-benchmark `cqadupstack_android`).
- **Input (`input`):** Natural-language **query** text (a Stack Exchange **question** title/body-style string as distributed in BEIR).
- **Reference (`expected_output`):** A JSON **string** encoding the list of **relevant corpus document IDs** with binary relevance **scores** (typically `1` for relevant pairs), e.g. `[{"id": "1120", "score": 1}, ...]`.
- **Metadata:** `metadata.query_id` is the BEIR query identifier; `metadata.split` is **`test`** for this release.

The retrieval system’s job is to return the correct **corpus document IDs** for each query when scored against the full **CQADupStack Android** corpus distributed with BEIR (not duplicated row-wise in this table).

## Background

### CQADupStack (original dataset)

Doris Hoogeveen, Karin M. Verspoor, and Timothy Baldwin introduced **CQADupStack** as a **benchmark for community question answering**, with emphasis on **duplicate question detection** and related retrieval/classification setups. The resource spans **twelve** Stack Exchange subforums; each subforum provides **annotated duplicate relations** derived from site curation (e.g. “linked” / duplicate closures), enabling comparable **train/test** splits for retrieval and classification experiments. The underlying posts come from **Stack Exchange** data dumps (the original release notes reference a **September 26, 2014** dump).

> *Community question answering (cQA) forums accumulate large volumes of user-generated knowledge… Duplicate question detection—identifying whether a new question has already been answered—is central to maintaining these archives.*  
> *(Paraphrased theme; see the ADCS 2015 paper below for the full problem statement and methodology.)*

- Paper: [**CQADupStack: A Benchmark Data Set for Community Question-Answering Research**](https://doi.org/10.1145/2838931.2838934) (ADCS 2015) — PDF mirror: [University of Melbourne](https://people.eng.unimelb.edu.au/tbaldwin/pubs/adcs2015.pdf)  
- Website: [nlp.cis.unimelb.edu.au/resources/cqadupstack](http://nlp.cis.unimelb.edu.au/resources/cqadupstack/)  
- Repository: [D1Doris/CQADupStack](https://github.com/D1Doris/CQADupStack)

### BEIR reformulation

**BEIR** (Thakur et al., NeurIPS 2021 Datasets & Benchmarks) repackages CQADupStack (per subforum, including **android**) into a unified layout: **corpus** (JSONL: `_id`, `title`, `text`, …), **queries** (JSONL: `_id`, `text`, …), and **qrels** (TSV). That format supports **zero-shot** comparison of lexical, sparse, dense, and reranking retrievers across heterogeneous tasks.

### This release

Rows were **exported from Langfuse** (CTERA AI evaluation pipeline) in a flat, Parquet-friendly schema: **one row per query** with **gold relevant document IDs** in `expected_output` for downstream scoring and observability.

## Data fields

| Column | Type | Description |
|--------|------|-------------|
| `id` | `string` | Stable UUID for this row in this Hub release. |
| `input` | `string` | Query text (natural-language question). |
| `expected_output` | `string` | JSON string: list of objects `{"id": "<corpus-doc-id>", "score": <int>}` — qrels for that query. |
| `metadata.query_id` | `string` | BEIR CQADupStack Android query identifier. |
| `metadata.split` | `string` | Split name: `test`. |

## Splits

| Split | Rows |
|-------|------|
| `test` | 699 |
| **Total** | **699** |

## Examples

Real rows from this dataset (IDs and text as published on the Hub).

### Example 1 — multi-duplicate query

- **`input`:** `Symbolic link to Dropbox`
- **`metadata.query_id`:** `47290`
- **`metadata.split`:** `test`
- **`expected_output`:**
```json
[
  {"id": "1120", "score": 1},
  {"id": "31804", "score": 1},
  {"id": "14873", "score": 1},
  {"id": "38645", "score": 1}
]
```

### Example 2 — single relevant document

- **`input`:** `Does anyone else have issues with Google Talk for Android always "losing connection to server"?`
- **`metadata.query_id`:** `10118`
- **`metadata.split`:** `test`
- **`expected_output`:**
```json
[
  {"id": "4345", "score": 1}
]
```

## References and citations

### BEIR benchmark (aggregation & protocol)

Nandan Thakur, Nils Reimers, Andreas Rücklé, Abhishek Srivastava, Iryna Gurevych. **BEIR: A Heterogeneous Benchmark for Zero-shot Evaluation of Information Retrieval Models.** *NeurIPS 2021 Datasets and Benchmarks Track.*

> **Abstract (excerpt):** *We introduce Benchmarking-IR (BEIR), a robust and heterogeneous evaluation benchmark for information retrieval. We leverage a careful selection of 18 publicly available datasets from diverse text retrieval tasks and domains and evaluate 10 state-of-the-art retrieval systems including lexical, sparse, dense, late-interaction and re-ranking architectures on the BEIR benchmark…*

- Paper: [arXiv:2104.08663](https://arxiv.org/abs/2104.08663) · [OpenReview](https://openreview.net/forum?id=wCu6T5xFjeJ)  
- Code / data: [beir-cellar/beir](https://github.com/beir-cellar/beir)

```bibtex
@inproceedings{thakur2021beir,
  title={{BEIR}: A Heterogeneous Benchmark for Zero-shot Evaluation of Information Retrieval Models},
  author={Thakur, Nandan and Reimers, Nils and R{\"u}ckl{\'e}, Andreas and Srivastava, Abhishek and Gurevych, Iryna},
  booktitle={Thirty-fifth Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems Datasets and Benchmarks Track (Round 2)},
  year={2021},
  url={https://openreview.net/forum?id=wCu6T5xFjeJ}
}
```

### CQADupStack (original Android / multi-forum resource)

Doris Hoogeveen, Karin M. Verspoor, Timothy Baldwin. **CQADupStack: A Benchmark Data Set for Community Question-Answering Research.** *Proceedings of the 20th Australasian Document Computing Symposium (ADCS 2015).*

- DOI: [10.1145/2838931.2838934](https://doi.org/10.1145/2838931.2838934)  
- PDF: [adcs2015.pdf](https://people.eng.unimelb.edu.au/tbaldwin/pubs/adcs2015.pdf)

```bibtex
@inproceedings{hoogeveen2015cqadupstack,
  author    = {Hoogeveen, Doris and Verspoor, Karin M. and Baldwin, Timothy},
  title     = {{CQADupStack}: A Benchmark Data Set for Community Question-Answering Research},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 20th Australasian Document Computing Symposium},
  year      = {2015},
  pages     = {3:1--3:8},
  publisher = {ACM},
  doi       = {10.1145/2838931.2838934}
}
```

### Related tooling

- **ir-datasets** catalog entry: [`beir/cqadupstack/android`](https://ir-datasets.com/beir.html) (query/doc counts and export helpers).

---

*Dataset card maintained for the `orgrctera/beir_cqadupstack_android` Hub repository.*