# plants

name: Turmeric
scientific_name: Curcuma longa
alternate_names: Indian saffron, Haldi, Haridra, turmeric root
plant_family: Zingiberaceae
origin: South Asia, primarily India and Indonesia
active_components: Curcumin, demethoxycurcumin, bisdemethoxycurcumin, volatile oils (tumerone, atlantone, zingiberone)
preparation_methods: Ground into powder, made into paste, extracted as tincture or oil, used fresh or dried rhizome
part_used: Rhizome (underground stem)
harvesting_time: Usually harvested 7-10 months after planting when leaves begin to dry and turn yellow
related_videos: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1ceaYYwDdRU
description:
Turmeric is a perennial herbaceous plant of the ginger family, known for its bright yellow rhizomes which are widely used as a spice, dye, and traditional medicine. It has a warm, bitter taste and is often used in cooking, particularly in South Asia.

growth_habitat:
Turmeric thrives in warm and humid climates with temperatures between 20-30Â°C and requires well-drained sandy or clayey loam soils rich in organic matter.

treatable_conditions:
Inflammation, arthritis, digestive disorders, respiratory infections, skin conditions, and as an antioxidant and antimicrobial agent

dosage:
Typically 500-2000 mg of turmeric extract per day standardized to 95% curcuminoids; culinary usage varies based on recipe

duration:
Depends on condition treated; for chronic conditions, continuous use over several weeks or months is common

contraindications:
Gallbladder disease, bile duct obstruction, bleeding disorders, pregnancy and breastfeeding (in large medicinal doses)

side_effects:
Mild gastrointestinal upset, allergic reactions in some individuals, increased risk of bleeding when taken with blood thinners

interactions:
May interact with anticoagulants, antiplatelet drugs, diabetes medications, and stomach acid reducers

storage_tips:
Store dry turmeric powder in an airtight container away from light and moisture; fresh rhizomes kept refrigerated and used within a few weeks

images:
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/90/Curcuma_longa_-_K%C3%B6hler%E2%80%93s_Medizinal-Pflanzen-050.jpg

sources:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5664031/, https://www.britannica.com/plant/turmeric, https://www.webmd.com/vitamins/ai/ingredientmono-662/turmeric


name: Aloe Vera
scientific_name: Aloe barbadensis Miller
alternate_names: Aloe, Burn plant, Lily of the desert, Elephant's gall
plant_family: Asphodelaceae
origin: Arabian Peninsula, widely cultivated worldwide
growth_habitat: Thrives in tropical, semi-tropical, and arid climates; grows in well-drained sandy soils
treatable_conditions: Burns, wounds, psoriasis, frostbite, acne, constipation, skin irritations, dry skin
preparation_methods: Fresh gel extracted from the inner leaf, commercial gels, creams, juices, capsules
contraindications: Pregnancy, breastfeeding, intestinal obstruction, allergies to aloe, dehydration
interactions: May interact with diuretics, diabetes medications, anticoagulants
part_used: Leaves (inner gel and latex)
harvesting_time: Leaves can be harvested any time once mature, usually after 3-4 years
images: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fd/Aloe_vera_plant.jpg
related_videos: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V5_TA-7bR7M
description:
Aloe vera is a succulent plant species of the genus Aloe. The leaves are thick and fleshy, green to grey-green, and sometimes with white spots on the upper and lower stem surfaces. The plant is known for its gel-filled leaves which have moisturizing, healing, and medicinal properties.

active_components:
Polysaccharides (acemannan), anthraquinones, vitamins (A, C, E, and B12), enzymes, minerals, amino acids

dosage:
Topical application varies by product; oral doses typically range from 50 to 300 mg of aloe extract per day; consult product guidelines

duration:
Use duration depends on condition treated; topical use generally safe for short-term; oral use should be limited to avoid side effects

side_effects:
Skin irritation, redness from topical use; abdominal cramps, diarrhea, electrolyte imbalance from oral use

storage_tips:
Store extracted gel in airtight containers in the refrigerator; whole leaves stored in a cool, dry place

sources:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2763764/, https://www.webmd.com/vitamins/ai/ingredientmono-637/aloe, https://plants.usda.gov/home/plantProfile?symbol=ALVE


name: Neem
scientific_name: Azadirachta indica
alternate_names: Indian Lilac, Margosa Tree
plant_family: Meliaceae
origin: Indian subcontinent
growth_habitat: Tropical and subtropical regions, often found in dry and arid soils
active_components: Azadirachtin, Nimbin, Nimbidin, Sodium nimbidate, Quercetin
duration: Treatment duration depends on condition, often several weeks to months for chronic ailments
side_effects: Possible allergic reactions, nausea, diarrhea if consumed in excess
interactions: May interact with blood sugar lowering medications and immunosuppressants
part_used: Leaves, seeds, bark, roots, oil, fruits
harvesting_time: Leaves and fruits commonly harvested in summer; seeds collected when fruits mature
storage_tips: Store dried parts in airtight containers away from direct sunlight; oils kept in cool, dark places
description:
Neem is a tropical evergreen tree known for its extensive medicinal properties. Native to the Indian subcontinent, it has been used for thousands of years in traditional medicine systems like Ayurveda and Unani. Various parts of the tree including fruits, seeds, oil, leaves, roots, and bark have therapeutic benefits.

treatable_conditions:
Skin diseases, infections, fever, diabetes, dental issues, inflammation, malaria, digestive disorders

preparation_methods:
Leaves and bark can be dried and powdered; oil extracted from seeds; decoctions and infusions made from leaves or bark

dosage:
Varies depending on preparation and condition; oils generally used topically, leaf powder doses range from 500 mg to 2 grams daily when taken orally

contraindications:
Pregnant and breastfeeding women advised to avoid internal consumption; caution in people with liver or kidney disease

sources:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3769010/, https://www.who.int/medicines/areas/traditional/overview/en/


name: Ashwagandha
scientific_name: Withania somnifera
alternate_names: Indian ginseng, Withania, Winter cherry
plant_family: Solanaceae
origin: Native to India, North Africa, and the Middle East
growth_habitat: Thrives in dry, sandy, and well-drained soil in arid and semi-arid regions
active_components: Withanolides, alkaloids, saponins, and sitoindosides
treatable_conditions: Stress, anxiety, fatigue, insomnia, arthritis, cognitive decline, and immune support
dosage: Typically 300-600 mg of standardized extract daily, but varies based on formulation and condition
contraindications: Pregnancy, breastfeeding, autoimmune diseases, and hypersensitivity to the plant
side_effects: Gastrointestinal upset, diarrhea, nausea, drowsiness, and allergic reactions in some individuals
part_used: Root
harvesting_time: Typically harvested after 1-2 years of growth, usually in the late summer or fall
storage_tips: Store in a cool, dry, airtight container away from direct sunlight
description:
Ashwagandha is a perennial shrub in the Solanaceae or nightshade family, known for its adaptogenic properties. It has green flowers and bright red fruit, and its roots are traditionally used in herbal medicine for various health benefits.

preparation_methods:
Roots are typically dried and ground into powder; extracts can be made via water or alcohol extraction

duration:
Effects may be observed within weeks; continuous use for several months is common for chronic conditions

interactions:
May interact with sedatives, thyroid hormone medications, immunosuppressants, and medications for blood sugar and blood pressure

sources:
https://www.webmd.com/vitamins/ai/ingredientmono-953/ashwagandha, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6979300/, https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/ashwagandha


name: Ginger
scientific_name: Zingiber officinale
alternate_names: Gingembre, Sheng Jiang, Adrak, Alligator Ginger
plant_family: Zingiberaceae
origin: Southeast Asia
growth_habitat: Tropical and subtropical climates; grows best in warm and humid conditions with well-drained soil.
active_components: Gingerol, shogaol, zingerone, paradols
treatable_conditions: Nausea, indigestion, inflammation, arthritis, cold and flu symptoms, muscle pain
duration: Short-term use up to several weeks is common; prolonged use should be monitored by professionals
side_effects: Mild heartburn, diarrhea, and stomach discomfort in some individuals
interactions: May interact with blood thinners, diabetes medications, and high blood pressure medications
part_used: Rhizome (root)
harvesting_time: Typically harvested 8 to 10 months after planting, when the leaves begin to dry out
images: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7b/Zingiber_officinale_-_flowers_&_rhizome.jpg
related_videos: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZI5KJb1T8xc
description:
Ginger is a flowering plant whose rhizome, ginger root or ginger, is widely used as a spice and a folk medicine. It has a strong, spicy, and peppery flavor with a hint of sweetness.

preparation_methods:
Fresh root can be sliced or grated; dried ginger powder; ginger oil and extracts; ginger tea and tinctures

dosage:
Typical doses range from 1 to 3 grams of dried ginger root daily; consult a healthcare provider for specific conditions

contraindications:
People with gallstones should consult a doctor before use; avoid in cases of bleeding disorders without medical advice

storage_tips:
Store fresh ginger in a cool, dry place or refrigerate; dried ginger should be kept in an airtight container away from moisture and heat

sources:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK92752/, https://www.webmd.com/vitamins/ai/ingredientmono-961/ginger, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ginger


name: Basil
scientific_name: Ocimum basilicum
alternate_names: Sweet Basil, Tulsi (in India), Saint Joseph's Wort
plant_family: Lamiaceae
origin: Native to tropical regions of Central Africa and Southeast Asia
active_components: Essential oils such as eugenol, linalool, citronellol, methyl chavicol, and flavonoids
contraindications: Pregnant women should avoid large amounts; caution advised for those on blood-thinning medications
interactions: May interact with anticoagulants, antiplatelet drugs, and lithium
part_used: Leaves
harvesting_time: Leaves are usually harvested just before flowering when essential oil content is highest
related_videos: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=moV9OLj7ylQ
description:
Basil is a culinary herb from the family Lamiaceae, known for its aromatic leaves that are used fresh or dried in various cuisines around the world. It has bright green leaves and a sweet, slightly peppery flavor with hints of mint and clove.

growth_habitat:
Basil thrives in warm, tropical, and subtropical climates. It grows best in well-drained soil with plenty of sunlight and is often cultivated in gardens, pots, and greenhouses.

treatable_conditions:
Used traditionally for digestive disorders, inflammation, headaches, respiratory issues, anxiety, and as an antimicrobial agent

preparation_methods:
Leaves can be used fresh, dried, or as an essential oil. Common preparations include herbal teas, infusions, topical pastes, and extracts.

dosage:
Typically 1-2 teaspoons of dried leaves or a few fresh leaves per cup for tea; essential oil use should be diluted and used under guidance

duration:
Short-term use is common; for medicinal purposes, consult guidelines but usually a few weeks of use is typical

side_effects:
Generally safe when used in culinary amounts; excessive consumption might cause allergic reactions or blood thinning

storage_tips:
Store dried leaves in airtight containers away from light and moisture; fresh leaves should be refrigerated and used quickly

images:
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Ocimum_basilicum_plant.JPG/800px-Ocimum_basilicum_plant.JPG

sources:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4797184/, https://www.britannica.com/plant/basil-plant, https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/basil-benefits


name: Peppermint
scientific_name: Mentha Ã— piperita
alternate_names: Mentha balsamea wild, M. piperita var. officinalis
plant_family: Lamiaceae
origin: Europe and Asia, cultivated widely worldwide
active_components: Menthol, menthone, isomenthone, methyl acetate, pulegone
preparation_methods: Tea infusions, essential oil extraction, topical ointments, capsules, chewing gum, oral drops
part_used: Leaves, flowering tops
harvesting_time: Leaves and tops are best harvested just before flowering, typically late summer
related_videos: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kfk2umruhlo
description:
Peppermint is a hybrid mint, a cross between watermint and spearmint. It is a perennial herb with smooth, green, and purple-tinged square stems, and dark green leaves with reddish veins. The plant produces spikes of purple flowers.

growth_habitat:
Peppermint grows best in moist, shaded locations with rich, fertile soils. It is commonly cultivated in temperate regions and can spread rapidly in suitable conditions.

treatable_conditions:
Digestive issues (indigestion, irritable bowel syndrome), headache, nausea, muscle pain, respiratory problems like colds and congestion

dosage:
For peppermint oil capsules, typically 0.2 to 0.4 ml three times daily; tea made from 1-2 teaspoons of dried leaves steeped in hot water for 10 minutes

duration:
Variable depending on condition; short term use recommended for digestive symptoms; consult healthcare provider for long term use

contraindications:
Should be avoided in children under 8 years, people with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), hypersensitivity to mint, and those with bile duct obstruction

side_effects:
Mild heartburn, allergic reactions, mouth or skin irritation when applied topically in concentrated form

interactions:
May interact with antacids, medications metabolized by liver enzymes, and drugs affected by bile flow

storage_tips:
Dried leaves should be stored in airtight containers away from light and moisture; essential oils stored in dark glass bottles in a cool place

images:
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Mentha_x_piperita_%28Peppermint_leaves%29.jpg/1200px-Mentha_x_piperita_%28Peppermint_leaves%29.jpg

sources:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK92752/, https://www.britannica.com/plant/peppermint, https://www.webmd.com/vitamins/ai/ingredientmono-936/peppermint


name: Lavender
scientific_name: Lavandula angustifolia
alternate_names: English Lavender, Common Lavender, True Lavender
plant_family: Lamiaceae
origin: Native to the Mediterranean region, including southern Europe and northern Africa.
active_components: Linalool, linalyl acetate, camphor, cineole, borneol
part_used: Flowers primarily, sometimes leaves and stems for oil extraction.
harvesting_time: Typically harvested during full bloom in summer months when oil concentration is highest.
images: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Lavandula_angustifolia_01.JPG
related_videos: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XB1znnRvhD4
description:
Lavender is a woody, perennial herb known for its fragrant purple flowers and silvery-green foliage. It is widely cultivated for its essential oil, which has various therapeutic and cosmetic uses.

growth_habitat:
Prefers well-drained, sandy or gravelly soils in full sun. Often found growing in rocky, dry habitats.

treatable_conditions:
Used traditionally for anxiety, insomnia, depression, headaches, minor burns, insect bites, and digestive issues.

preparation_methods:
Essential oil extraction via steam distillation, dried flower usage in sachets and teas, topical oils and infusions.

dosage:
Varies by preparation; essential oil typically used diluted topically or a few drops inhaled; teas usually 1-2 g of dried flowers per cup.

duration:
Short-term use recommended for aromatherapy; topical application generally used until symptoms improve or as directed.

contraindications:
Should be avoided by individuals with sensitive skin unless diluted; caution in pregnancy and breastfeeding due to limited research.

side_effects:
Possible allergic reactions or skin irritation if used undiluted; rare headaches or nausea from strong aroma exposure.

interactions:
May enhance sedative effects when used with CNS depressants; consult healthcare provider if combining with medications.

storage_tips:
Store dried flowers in airtight containers away from light and moisture; essential oils in dark glass bottles in cool places.

sources:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3612440/, https://www.britannica.com/plant/lavender, https://www.herbalremediesadvice.org/lavender.html


name: Eucalyptus
scientific_name: Eucalyptus spp.
alternate_names: Gum tree
plant_family: Myrtaceae
origin: Australia and neighboring islands
active_components: Eucalyptol (cineole), tannins, flavonoids, terpenoids, phenolic acids
treatable_conditions: Respiratory conditions (cough, bronchitis), inflammation, wound infections, dental issues
duration: Short-term use recommended; avoid prolonged continuous use especially of concentrated oils.
part_used: Leaves
images: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3e/Eucalyptus_tree_on_the_Brindabella_Range.jpg
related_videos: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JhoBGhSr-Ws
description:
Eucalyptus is a diverse genus of flowering trees and shrubs, known for their aromatic leaves and oil-rich content. They can range from small shrubs to tall trees.

growth_habitat:
Primarily found in Australia; they grow in a variety of environments from arid inland areas to coastal regions and rainforests.

preparation_methods:
Leaves are steam-distilled to extract eucalyptus oil; leaves can also be dried and used in teas or infusions.

dosage:
Varies depending on preparation; typically, 1-2 drops of eucalyptus oil diluted in a carrier oil for topical use; teas made with 1-2 grams of dried leaves per cup.

contraindications:
Not recommended for infants, pregnant or breastfeeding women without medical advice; avoid ingestion of undiluted oil.

side_effects:
Skin irritation, allergic reactions, nausea, dizziness if improperly used or ingested in large amounts.

interactions:
May interact with medications affecting the central nervous system; caution advised with other essential oils and drugs.

harvesting_time:
Leaves are typically harvested throughout the year; best collected before flowering for oil extraction.

storage_tips:
Store dried leaves in a cool, dry place; eucalyptus oil should be kept in a dark, airtight container away from heat.

sources:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6044860/, https://www.britannica.com/plant/eucalyptus, https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/eucalyptus-oil-benefits


name: Chamomile
scientific_name: Matricaria chamomilla
alternate_names: German Chamomile, Blue Chamomile, Wild Chamomile
plant_family: Asteraceae
origin: Native to Europe and Western Asia, now widely naturalized globally
active_components: Apigenin, chamazulene, bisabolol, flavonoids, coumarins
treatable_conditions: Insomnia, anxiety, digestive disorders, inflammation, skin irritations, menstrual cramps
side_effects: Rare allergic reactions including skin rash, throat swelling, or breathing difficulties
interactions: May interact with blood thinners like warfarin; potential additive effects with sedatives
part_used: Flower heads
harvesting_time: Flowers are best harvested during full bloom, typically in late spring to early summer
storage_tips: Store dried flowers in a cool, dark, dry place in airtight containers to preserve potency
images: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/45/Matricaria_chamomilla_001.jpg
related_videos: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HcrZtTrWuX8
description:
Chamomile is a daisy-like plant of the Asteraceae family, known for its small white and yellow flowers with a sweet, apple-like scent. It is widely used for its calming and medicinal properties.

growth_habitat:
Prefers well-drained, sandy or loamy soils in full sun; often found in fields, gardens, and along roadsides

preparation_methods:
Typically prepared as an infusion or tea from dried flowers; can also be used in tinctures, extracts, or topical creams

dosage:
Commonly, 1-2 teaspoons of dried flowers steeped in hot water for 5-10 minutes, taken 1-3 times daily

duration:
Depends on condition; often used for short-term relief from symptoms, usually no more than 2 weeks without medical advice

contraindications:
Possible allergy to ragweed or other plants in the Asteraceae family; caution in pregnancy and breastfeeding

sources:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2995283/, https://www.webmd.com/vitamins/ai/ingredientmono-939/chamomile, https://www.britannica.com/plant/chamomile


name: Sandalwood
scientific_name: Santalum album
alternate_names: White Sandalwood, East Indian Sandalwood, Chandan
plant_family: Santalaceae
origin: Native to southern India and Southeast Asia
active_components: Santalol (alpha- and beta-santalol), sesquiterpenes, essential oils
treatable_conditions: Stress, anxiety, inflammation, skin conditions, digestive problems, respiratory issues
side_effects: Rare allergic reactions such as dermatitis; excessive use of oil may cause skin irritation
part_used: Heartwood, essential oil extracted from heartwood
harvesting_time: Trees are typically harvested after 15-20 years when heartwood is fully developed
storage_tips: Store oil in a cool, dark place in airtight containers; wood should be kept dry to prevent mold
related_videos: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fnS-8CXqDow
description:
Sandalwood is a small tropical tree known for its fragrant heartwood and oil. It produces aromatic wood that is prized for its fragrance and used in perfumes, cosmetics, and traditional medicines.

growth_habitat:
Grows in tropical regions with well-drained sandy soils, usually found in deciduous forests and scrublands

preparation_methods:
Heartwood is distilled to extract essential oil; powdered wood is used in powders and pastes; oil applied topically or used in aromatherapy

dosage:
Varies depending on use; essential oil typically used in low concentrations (1-5%) for topical application; oral use mostly under professional guidance

contraindications:
Avoid in pregnancy and breastfeeding without medical advice; may cause allergic reactions in sensitive individuals

interactions:
No major documented interactions, but caution advised with medications affecting the central nervous system

images:
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3d/Santalum_album_-_KÃ¶hlerâ€“s_Medizinal-Pflanzen-128.jpg

sources:
https://www.britannica.com/plant/sandalwood, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6616342/, https://www.botanical-dermatology-database.info/README.html#Sandalwood


name: Giloy
scientific_name: Tinospora cordifolia
alternate_names: Guduchi, Amrita, Heartleaf Moonseed, Giloya
plant_family: Menispermaceae
origin: Indian subcontinent
part_used: Stem, leaves
images: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7d/Tinospora_cordifolia_plant.JPG
related_videos: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9DcX-LdjODO
description:
Giloy is a climbing shrub native to the Indian subcontinent. It is known for its heart-shaped leaves and bitter taste. It has been used extensively in Ayurvedic medicine for its immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties.

growth_habitat:
Giloy is a perennial, deciduous, climbing shrub commonly found in tropical and subtropical forests. It grows on trees or trellises and prefers warm, humid climates.

active_components:
Alkaloids (such as berberine, magnoflorine), glycosides, diterpenoid lactones, steroids, polysaccharides, and antioxidants

treatable_conditions:
Fever, diabetes, arthritis, respiratory disorders, digestive issues, immune system enhancement, skin diseases

preparation_methods:
Giloy can be prepared as juice, powder, decoction, capsules, or tablets. The stem is typically used fresh or dried for creating extracts or Ayurvedic formulations.

dosage:
Typical dosage varies: Fresh juice (15-30 ml daily), powder (500-1000 mg daily) depending on form and condition; always as advised by a qualified practitioner.

duration:
Duration depends on condition being treated; commonly used for several weeks to months in chronic conditions with periodic assessment.

contraindications:
Pregnant and breastfeeding women should consult a healthcare provider before use. People with autoimmune diseases should use caution due to immune-modulating effects.

side_effects:
Generally considered safe; rare cases of allergic reactions, gastrointestinal discomfort, or headache reported.

interactions:
May interact with immunosuppressants, antidiabetic medications, and anticoagulants; consult a healthcare professional before combining.

harvesting_time:
The stem is best harvested in the late monsoon or post-monsoon season when the active compound concentration is highest.

storage_tips:
Store dried stems and powders in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight in airtight containers to preserve potency.

sources:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3249906/, https://www.webmd.com/vitamins/ai/ingredientmono-1110/giloy, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tinospora_cordifolia


name: Haritaki
scientific_name: Terminalia chebula
alternate_names: Chebulic Myrobalan, Black Myrobalan, Harad
plant_family: Combretaceae
origin: Native to South Asia, including India, Nepal, Sri Lanka, and parts of Southeast Asia
growth_habitat: Thrives in tropical and subtropical climates; commonly found in mixed forests and along riverbanks
active_components: Tannins, Chebulagic acid, Chebulinic acid, Gallic acid, Ellagic acid, Flavonoids
side_effects: Mild laxative effects; possible abdominal discomfort or diarrhea if overdosed
part_used: Fruit
harvesting_time: Fruits are usually harvested in the late autumn when fully ripened and begun to dry on the tree
images: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3e/Terminalia_chebula_fruit.jpg
related_videos: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F3cbNq2dJg4
description:
Haritaki is a deciduous tree native to South Asia known for its small, ribbed fruits that are used in traditional medicine. The fruit is yellow when ripe, turning to pale brown and is valued for its potent therapeutic properties.

treatable_conditions:
Digestive issues, constipation, diarrhea, inflammation, respiratory diseases, skin disorders, anemia, diabetes, and as an antioxidant

preparation_methods:
Typically dried and powdered; used in decoctions, infusions, powders, and pastes; sometimes combined with other herbs

dosage:
Commonly 1-3 grams of dried powder, once or twice daily; dosage may vary depending on condition and preparation

duration:
Varies by use; often used for short-term treatments or in longer regimens of a few weeks to months under guidance

contraindications:
Pregnancy and breastfeeding without medical advice; caution in individuals with laxative sensitivity or intestinal obstruction

interactions:
May interact with laxatives, antidiabetic drugs, and anticoagulants; consult a healthcare provider if taking medications

storage_tips:
Store dried fruits or powder in airtight containers in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight to preserve potency

sources:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5634751/, https://www.webmd.com/vitamins/ai/ingredientmono-662/haritaki, https://www.botanical-dermatology-database.info/


name: Brahmi
scientific_name: Bacopa monnieri
alternate_names: Waterhyssop, Herb of Grace, Brahmi, Ba-bha-nee
plant_family: Plantaginaceae
origin: Brahmi is native to wetlands of India, Sri Lanka, and parts of Australia and Southeast Asia.
active_components: Bacopasides (bacopaside A, bacopaside B), bacosides, alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins
interactions: May interact with sedatives, thyroid medications, and antiepileptic drugs.
part_used: Whole aerial parts, especially leaves
related_videos: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5Nn7rXKV8X0
description:
Brahmi is a creeping herb native to wetlands and marshy areas. It has small, rounded leaves and delicate white or light purple flowers. It is traditionally used in Ayurvedic medicine for its reputed cognitive and memory-enhancing effects.

growth_habitat:
Brahmi grows in wet, marshy or swampy environments, often near ponds, lakes, or slow-moving streams.

treatable_conditions:
Memory enhancement, anxiety, stress, epilepsy, ADHD, inflammation, Alzheimer's disease, digestive issues

preparation_methods:
Fresh leaves can be used raw or dried and powdered; herbal teas, extracts, capsules, and tinctures are common forms.

dosage:
Typical dosages vary but often range from 300 to 500 mg of standardized extract per day; consult a healthcare provider for individualized recommendations.

duration:
Effects may be noticed after consistent use for 4-6 weeks; long-term use may be recommended for cognitive support.

contraindications:
Avoid during pregnancy and breastfeeding; caution advised in individuals with thyroid disorders or those taking sedatives.

side_effects:
Generally considered safe but may include upset stomach, fatigue, dry mouth, or increased bowel movements in some individuals.

harvesting_time:
Typically harvested during the vegetative stage when the plant is lush and green, often before flowering.

storage_tips:
Store dried material in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight; use airtight containers to preserve potency.

images:
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Bacopa_monnieri_002.JPG/1200px-Bacopa_monnieri_002.JPG

sources:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3193657/, https://www.webmd.com/vitamins/ai/ingredientmono-839/brahmi, https://www.britannica.com/plant/Bacopa-monnieri


name: Gotu Kola
scientific_name: Centella asiatica
alternate_names: Indian pennywort, Brahmi, Hydrocotyle asiatica
plant_family: Apiaceae
origin: Native to wetlands in Asia, including India, Sri Lanka, Indonesia, and parts of China
active_components: Asiaticoside, madecassoside, asiatic acid, madecassic acid, flavonoids, triterpenoids
preparation_methods: Prepared as teas, tinctures, topical creams, powders, capsules, and extracts
duration: Treatment durations vary between a few weeks to several months depending on condition
contraindications: Pregnancy and breastfeeding (due to lack of sufficient safety data); allergy to the plant
side_effects: Possible headaches, dizziness, upset stomach, skin irritation for some individuals
part_used: Leaves and stems
images: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5f/Centella_asiatica0.jpg
related_videos: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GdO3NqkLl7g
description:
Gotu Kola is a small, herbaceous, perennial plant with rounded, fan-shaped green leaves. It grows close to the ground and is often found in swampy, wet areas. It has been used in traditional medicine systems such as Ayurveda and Traditional Chinese Medicine.

growth_habitat:
Thrives in wet, swampy areas, marshes, and along riverbanks; prefers tropical and subtropical climates

treatable_conditions:
Wound healing, varicose veins, chronic venous insufficiency, skin conditions like eczema, anxiety, cognitive enhancement, and inflammation

dosage:
Typically 300-500 mg of standardized extract daily; varies depending on preparation and condition treated

interactions:
May interact with sedative medications and diuretics; also caution when combined with other blood clotting affecting drugs

harvesting_time:
Best harvested during the growing season when leaves are fresh and green, generally spring to early summer

storage_tips:
Store dried leaves or extracts in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight; sealed containers help maintain potency

sources:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4296439/, https://www.webmd.com/vitamins/ai/ingredientmono-875/gotu-kola, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centella_asiatica


name: Holy Basil
scientific_name: Ocimum sanctum
alternate_names: Tulsi, Sacred Basil, Tulsi Holy Basil
plant_family: Lamiaceae
origin: Native to the Indian subcontinent and widespread throughout Southeast Asia
active_components: Eugenol, Ursolic acid, Rosmarinic acid, Linalool, Carvacrol
treatable_conditions: Common cold, cough, asthma, bronchitis, inflammation, stress, anxiety, diabetes, skin diseases
duration: Depends on condition treated; commonly used for weeks to months under supervision.
side_effects: Generally safe; possible mild nausea or allergic reactions in sensitive individuals.
interactions: May interact with anticoagulants, antidiabetic drugs, and blood pressure medications.
part_used: Leaves, occasionally stems and flowers.
harvesting_time: Leaves are best harvested before flowering or during early flowering for maximum potency.
storage_tips: Store dried leaves in airtight, cool, and dark places to preserve flavor and medicinal properties.
description:
Holy Basil is a sacred and aromatic herb widely used in traditional medicine and spiritual practices. It features green or purple leaves and small purplish flowers, known for its strong aroma and medicinal properties.

growth_habitat:
Thrives in tropical and subtropical climates, commonly grown in gardens, pots, and as a wild herb in many parts of India and Southeast Asia.

preparation_methods:
Leaves can be consumed fresh, boiled into teas, made into extracts, powders, or used as essential oils.

dosage:
Typically 2-3 grams of dried leaves per day or 300-500 mg extract capsules as per product instructions; tea consumed 1-3 times daily.

contraindications:
Pregnancy and breastfeeding caution advised; may lower blood sugar and blood pressure too much if combined with medications.

sources:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4296439/, https://www.webmd.com/vitamins/ai/ingredientmono-1034/tulsi, https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/holy-basil


name: Fenugreek
scientific_name: Trigonella foenum-graecum
alternate_names: Methi, Bird's Foot, Greek Hay
plant_family: Fabaceae
origin: Native to the Mediterranean region, southern Europe, and western Asia
active_components: Alkaloids (trigonelline), flavonoids, saponins, fiber, vitamins, and minerals
dosage: Typical doses vary: 5-30 grams of seeds daily; teas and extracts doses depend on formulation
duration: Depends on condition; often taken for several weeks to months for therapeutic effects
side_effects: Gastrointestinal discomfort, diarrhea, allergic reactions in sensitive individuals
interactions: May interact with blood sugar-lowering medications and anticoagulants
part_used: Seeds, leaves
harvesting_time: Seeds are harvested when pods turn yellow and dry, typically in late summer
images: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8a/Fenugreek_plant_and_seeds.jpg
related_videos: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E9Q0Rv7dEDU
description:
Fenugreek is an annual herb with three-lobed leaves and small, yellowish-white flowers, known for its distinctive aromatic leaves and seeds. It is widely used as a spice, medicine, and fodder crop.

growth_habitat:
Cultivated in warm climates, prefers well-drained soils and full sunlight, often grown in fields and gardens.

treatable_conditions:
Digestive problems, inflammation, diabetes management, lactation support, lowering cholesterol, and appetite enhancement

preparation_methods:
Seeds can be soaked, roasted, ground into powder, or brewed into tea; leaves are used fresh or dried as a herb

contraindications:
Pregnant women should avoid large medicinal doses due to potential uterine stimulation; allergies to legumes

storage_tips:
Store seeds in airtight containers away from moisture and heat; leaves should be dried and kept in cool, dark places

sources:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3339333/, https://www.webmd.com/vitamins/ai/ingredientmono-219/fenugreek


name: Licorice
scientific_name: Glycyrrhiza glabra
alternate_names: Sweet root, Liquorice, Yasti
plant_family: Fabaceae
origin: Native to southern Europe and parts of Asia, particularly Mediterranean regions and western Asia.
active_components: Glycyrrhizin, glabridin, liquiritin, isoliquiritigenin, flavonoids, and saponins.
preparation_methods: Roots are dried and can be consumed as capsules, powders, extracts, teas, or syrups.
part_used: Root
related_videos: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r7CKiRWiGfE
description:
Licorice is a perennial herb native to Europe, Asia, and parts of the Middle East, known for its sweet-tasting root which has been used in traditional medicine and confectionery. The plant grows as a herbaceous legume with pinnate leaves, purple to pale whitish-blue flowers, and a deep root system.

growth_habitat:
Prefers deep, well-drained sandy or loamy soils, often found in arid or semi-arid regions; grows best in full sun.

treatable_conditions:
Used traditionally for sore throat, cough, bronchitis, peptic ulcers, inflammation, viral infections, adrenal insufficiency, and to soothe gastrointestinal issues.

dosage:
Typical oral dosage ranges from 1 to 5 grams of dried root or 100â€“400 mg of glycyrrhizin per day; dosage varies depending on preparation and condition treated.

duration:
Short-term use recommended, usually up to 4â€“6 weeks; prolonged usage not advised without medical supervision due to potential side effects.

contraindications:
Not recommended for people with hypertension, heart disease, kidney problems, pregnant or breastfeeding women, or those on certain medications like diuretics.

side_effects:
May include hypertension, hypokalemia (low potassium), headache, swelling, and in rare cases, pseudoaldosteronism.

interactions:
Can interact with diuretics, corticosteroids, blood pressure medications, and other drugs affecting potassium levels.

harvesting_time:
Roots are typically harvested in the fall after 3-4 years of growth when glycyrrhizin content is highest.

storage_tips:
Store dried roots in a cool, dry, dark place in an airtight container to preserve potency; extracts should be refrigerated as per manufacturer instructions.

images:
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7e/Glycyrrhiza_glabra_-_K%C3%B6hler%E2%80%93s_Medizinal-Pflanzen-099.jpg

sources:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK92751/, https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/17/11/12410, https://www.webmd.com/vitamin-and-mineral-supplements/ingredientmono-638-licorice.aspx


name: Fennel
scientific_name: Foeniculum vulgare
alternate_names: Florence fennel, finocchio, sweet fennel
plant_family: Apiaceae
origin: Native to the Mediterranean region
active_components: Anethole, fenchone, estragole, flavonoids, phenolic compounds
part_used: Bulbs, seeds, leaves, and essential oil
harvesting_time: Seeds harvested in late summer when dry; bulbs and leaves harvested before flowering
images: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4d/Foeniculum_vulgare_plant.jpg
related_videos: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HbQF7G3DXew
description:
Fennel is a hardy, perennial herb with yellow flowers and feathery leaves. It has a sweet anise-like flavor and is used both as a vegetable and a medicinal herb.

growth_habitat:
Thrives in warm, sunny climates with well-drained soil. Grows wild in coastal regions and cultivated in fields and gardens worldwide.

treatable_conditions:
Digestive disorders (bloating, indigestion), respiratory ailments, menstrual discomfort, colic in infants

preparation_methods:
Used fresh or dried; seeds used whole, crushed, or as essential oil; leaves used fresh; bulbs eaten raw or cooked

dosage:
Typically, 1-2 grams of dried seeds or 0.5-1 ml of fennel essential oil per day; varies according to preparation and condition

duration:
Depends on condition; short-term use for digestive support, longer under professional guidance for other ailments

contraindications:
Avoid in individuals allergic to plants of the Apiaceae family; caution in pregnancy and breastfeeding

side_effects:
May cause allergic reactions or photosensitivity in sensitive individuals; high doses can cause nausea or headaches

interactions:
Potential interactions with cytochrome P450-metabolized drugs; caution advised with hormone-sensitive conditions

storage_tips:
Store seeds in airtight containers in a cool, dark place; fresh bulbs and leaves refrigerated and used quickly

sources:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5372970/, https://www.britannica.com/plant/fennel, https://www.webmd.com/vitamins/ai/ingredientmono-978/fennel


name: Cinnamon
scientific_name: Cinnamomum verum
alternate_names: True cinnamon, Ceylon cinnamon, Sri Lankan cinnamon
plant_family: Lauraceae
origin: Sri Lanka, India, Bangladesh, and Myanmar
active_components: Cinnamaldehyde, eugenol, cinnamic acid, coumarin
preparation_methods: Usually dried and rolled into sticks, powdered for culinary uses, or extracted as essential oil
side_effects: High doses can cause liver toxicity, allergic reactions, mouth sores, low blood sugar
interactions: May enhance effect of blood sugar-lowering medications, anticoagulants, and antiplatelet drugs
part_used: Inner bark
images: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/74/Cinnamomum_verum_bark.jpg
related_videos: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tk3i_qc1TFg
description:
Cinnamon is a spice obtained from the inner bark of several tree species from the genus Cinnamomum. It is widely used for its sweet and warm flavor as well as for its medicinal properties.

growth_habitat:
Cinnamon grows best in tropical climates with high humidity and rainfall. It thrives in forested regions at moderate elevations.

treatable_conditions:
Digestive problems, inflammation, diabetes, respiratory issues, infections, and menstrual discomfort

dosage:
Typical dosage varies; around 1-6 grams of cinnamon powder daily is common in supplements; essential oil doses are much lower and should be used with caution

duration:
Duration depends on the use; for chronic conditions, use is often continuous but should be monitored

contraindications:
Avoid excessive consumption during pregnancy and breastfeeding; caution in patients with liver disease due to coumarin content

harvesting_time:
Harvested after 2 years of growth when the bark is thick enough; typically done during the rainy season to aid peeling

storage_tips:
Store cinnamon sticks and powder in airtight containers away from heat and moisture to preserve flavor and potency

sources:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4003790/, https://www.britannica.com/plant/cinnamon, https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/cinnamon-benefits


name: Clove
scientific_name: Syzygium aromaticum
alternate_names: Eugenia caryophyllata, Caryophyllus aromaticus
plant_family: Myrtaceae
origin: Native to the Maluku Islands (Moluccas) in Indonesia
growth_habitat: Tropical evergreen tree thriving in warm, humid climates with well-drained soils
active_components: Eugenol, acetyl eugenol, beta-caryophyllene, vanillin, tannins
treatable_conditions: Dental pain, digestive issues, infections, respiratory problems, inflammation, nausea
preparation_methods: Used whole as dried buds, ground into powder, essential oil extraction, infusion or decoction
duration: Short-term use recommended for acute conditions; long-term use should be under supervision
contraindications: Pregnancy in large amounts, bleeding disorders, allergy to cloves or spices
side_effects: Skin irritation if applied undiluted, allergic reactions, potential liver toxicity in high doses
interactions: May interact with anticoagulants, antiplatelet drugs, and diabetes medication
part_used: Flower buds
harvesting_time: Buds are harvested just before opening which typically occurs around 3-4 years after planting
storage_tips: Store in airtight containers in a cool, dark, dry place to maintain aroma and potency
related_videos: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BUzI2Rmddxs
description:
Clove is a dried flower bud of the clove tree, known for its strong, pungent aroma and spicy, sweet flavor. It is used as a spice and medicinal herb.

dosage:
Typically 0.5 to 1 gram of clove powder or 1-2 drops of clove essential oil diluted; varies by usage

images:
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0b/Syzygium_aromaticum_-_KÃ¶hlerâ€“s_Medizinal-Pflanzen-119.jpg

sources:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4488103/, https://www.webmd.com/vitamins/ai/ingredientmono-1022/clove, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clove


name: Black Pepper
scientific_name: Piper nigrum
alternate_names: Piper pepper, Black peppercorn
plant_family: Piperaceae
origin: Native to South India
active_components: Piperine, essential oils such as limonene, pinene
treatable_conditions: Digestive issues, cold, cough, asthma, diarrhea, bacterial infections
preparation_methods: Dried and ground into powder; used whole or crushed; oil extraction for essential oil
dosage: Typically 1-3 grams per day as spice or supplement; oil concentration varies
duration: Used as part of diet or for short-term therapeutic use under guidance
contraindications: Avoid excessive use in pregnancy; caution with gastric ulcers
side_effects: Possible gastrointestinal irritation, allergic reactions in sensitive individuals
part_used: Unripe fruit (peppercorn)
harvesting_time: When peppercorns turn red but before they fully ripen
storage_tips: Store in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight to preserve flavor and potency
images: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Piper_nigrum2.jpg/320px-Piper_nigrum2.jpg
related_videos: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KZ6n9CPSv5Y
description:
Black Pepper is a flowering vine cultivated for its fruit, known as a peppercorn, which is usually dried and used as a spice and seasoning.

growth_habitat:
Tropical evergreen vine growing up to 4 meters; prefers hot and humid climate with well-drained soil.

interactions:
May increase absorption of certain drugs; interact with blood thinners; caution with gastroprotective drugs

sources:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_pepper; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4336977/; https://www.webmd.com/vitamins/ai/ingredientmono-993/black-pepper


name: Cardamom
scientific_name: Elettaria cardamomum
alternate_names: Green Cardamom, True Cardamom, Elaichi
plant_family: Zingiberaceae
origin: Native to the Indian subcontinent and Indonesia
active_components: Essential oils such as cineole, alpha-terpineol, limonene, and terpinene
treatable_conditions: Digestive issues, nausea, inflammation, oral health problems, respiratory disorders, and bad breath
part_used: Seeds contained within the pods
images: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/45/Cardamom_plant.jpg
related_videos: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R8YxZ4d2iO0
description:
Cardamom is a perennial herbaceous plant known for its aromatic seeds that are used as a spice and flavoring agent. It produces small triangular pods containing seeds that have a strong, unique aroma and flavor.

growth_habitat:
Thrives in tropical rainforests, prefers shaded, moist, and humid environments with rich, well-drained soil

preparation_methods:
Used whole as pods, ground seeds, or extracted essential oil; commonly used in cooking, teas, and traditional medicine preparations

dosage:
Typically 1 to 3 grams of ground cardamom seeds for culinary use; medicinal dosages vary depending on the formulation and condition

contraindications:
May cause allergic reactions in some individuals; caution advised for pregnant or breastfeeding women

side_effects:
Rare but can include allergic reactions such as skin rash, itching, or difficulty breathing in sensitive individuals

interactions:
Potential interactions with anticoagulant medications due to mild blood-thinning effects; consult healthcare provider if using medications

harvesting_time:
Pods are harvested when they start to turn brown and before they fully mature, typically once they have reached full size but still green

storage_tips:
Store in airtight containers away from light, heat, and moisture to preserve aroma and flavor; whole pods retain quality longer than ground seeds

sources:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3586838/, https://www.britannica.com/plant/cardamom, https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/cardamom


name: Indian Gooseberry
scientific_name: Phyllanthus emblica
alternate_names: Amla, Amalaki, Indian Amla, Emblic
plant_family: Phyllanthaceae
origin: Native to the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia
active_components: Vitamin C, tannins, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, gallic acid, ellagic acid, emblicanin A and B
preparation_methods: Consumed raw, dried and powdered, used in juices, pickles, herbal supplements, oils, and decoctions
duration: Typically taken daily for 1-3 months depending on condition; long-term use under guidance
part_used: Fruit, sometimes leaves and bark are also used
harvesting_time: Fruits are usually harvested in the autumn season, around October to February
images: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4b/Phyllanthus_emblica_fruits.JPG
related_videos: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F90HIQZcR9w
description:
Indian Gooseberry, commonly known as Amla, is a small to medium-sized tree known for its edible fruit, which is light green and contains high concentrations of vitamin C. The fruit is sour and bitter with astringent properties and is widely used in traditional medicine and culinary applications.

growth_habitat:
Grows in tropical and subtropical regions, prefers well-drained soil and open areas with adequate sunlight. It is drought-resistant and often found in deciduous forests.

treatable_conditions:
Common cold, cough, digestive disorders, anemia, diabetes, inflammation, hair loss, skin diseases, and liver disorders

dosage:
Raw fruit: 1-2 fruits daily; Powder: 1-3 grams per day in divided doses; Consult a healthcare provider for specific supplement dosages

contraindications:
Avoid excessive use in cases of diarrhea, low blood sugar conditions, and during pregnancy without medical advice

side_effects:
May cause mild gastrointestinal discomfort, hypoglycemia in susceptible individuals, allergic reactions are rare

interactions:
May enhance effects of antidiabetic drugs, anticoagulants, and other herbal supplements; caution advised when used concurrently

storage_tips:
Store dried fruit and powders in airtight containers in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight to preserve potency

sources:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4296439/, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phyllanthus_emblica, https://www.webmd.com/vitamins/ai/ingredientmono-895/amla


name: Saffron
scientific_name: Crocus sativus
alternate_names: Kesar, Zafran, Saffron Crocus
plant_family: Iridaceae
origin: Native to Southwest Asia, particularly Iran, Greece, and parts of the Mediterranean
active_components: Crocin, picrocrocin, safranal, flavonoids
side_effects: Rare but may include allergic reactions, dizziness, nausea, dry mouth at high doses
interactions: Potential interaction with blood thinners, antihypertensives, and CNS-active drugs
part_used: Stigmas (the red threads inside the flower)
description:
Saffron is a perennial spice derived from the flower of Crocus sativus, known for its vivid crimson stigmas and distinct aroma and flavor. It is the most expensive spice by weight and is used in culinary, dyeing, and medicinal applications.

growth_habitat:
Grows in well-drained, sandy loam soils under full sun, typically cultivated in temperate climates with dry summers and mild winters.

treatable_conditions:
Depression, PMS, asthma, Alzheimer's disease, cancer prevention (studied), digestive issues, antioxidant properties

preparation_methods:
Dried stigmas are used whole, powdered, or steeped in warm water or milk to release aroma and color. Often dissolved in water before adding to dishes.

dosage:
Common culinary use ranges from 0.01 to 0.05 grams per dish; medicinal doses vary typically between 30 mg and 200 mg daily in divided doses according to traditional and clinical use.

duration:
Short-term use in cooking; medicinal use duration depends on condition treated, usually a few weeks to a few months under supervision.

contraindications:
Pregnancy (high doses may induce miscarriage), allergy to saffron or related plants, caution in bleeding disorders

harvesting_time:
Harvested in autumn when flowers bloom, typically during early morning hours to preserve aroma and quality

storage_tips:
Stored in airtight containers, kept away from light, moisture, and heat to preserve color, flavor, and potency

sources:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6429297/, https://www.britannica.com/plant/saffron, https://www.webmd.com/vitamins/ai/ingredientmono-1057/saffron


name: Thyme
scientific_name: Thymus vulgaris
alternate_names: Common Thyme, Garden Thyme, Wild Thyme
plant_family: Lamiaceae
origin: Native to the Mediterranean region
active_components: Thymol, carvacrol, flavonoids, terpenoids, essential oils
treatable_conditions: Respiratory issues, cough, bronchitis, indigestion, fungal infections
duration: Typically used for short-term relief up to 1-2 weeks; prolonged use should be supervised
interactions: May enhance effects of anticoagulants and antiplatelet drugs; potential interaction with sedatives
part_used: Leaves and flowering tops
harvesting_time: Just before flowering when the oil content is highest, usually late spring to early summer
images: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/73/Thymus_vulgaris_%28Thyme%29.jpg
related_videos: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Goe6ECNLHjo
description:
Thyme is a low-growing aromatic perennial shrub with small, oval green or grey-green leaves and clusters of tiny purple or pink flowers. It is widely used as a culinary herb and in traditional medicine.

growth_habitat:
Prefers full sun and well-drained soil. Grows well in rock gardens, herb gardens, and as ground cover.

preparation_methods:
Used fresh or dried in cooking, essential oils extracted for medicinal use, infusions, decoctions, tinctures

dosage:
Varies depending on preparation; for tea, 1-2 teaspoons of dried herb per cup of boiling water, 2-3 times daily

contraindications:
Avoid large doses during pregnancy and lactation, possible hypersensitivity to Lamiaceae family plants

side_effects:
May cause allergic reactions or skin irritation in sensitive individuals; excessive intake may result in gastrointestinal upset

storage_tips:
Store dried leaves in airtight containers away from light and moisture; essential oils in dark glass bottles, cool place

sources:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3612440/, https://www.britannica.com/plant/thyme, https://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=130123


name: Valerian
scientific_name: Valeriana officinalis
alternate_names: Common Valerian, Garden Valerian, Setwall, All-heal
plant_family: Caprifoliaceae (previously Valerianaceae)
origin: Native to Europe and parts of Asia, widely naturalized in North America
growth_habitat: Thrives in grasslands, woodlands, and along riverbanks in temperate climates
active_components: Valerenic acid, valerenol, valtrate, isovaleric acid, flavonoids, and alkaloids
treatable_conditions: Insomnia, anxiety, stress, restlessness, headaches, and muscle pain
preparation_methods: Root extracts, tinctures, capsules, teas, and powders derived from dried roots
side_effects: Headache, dizziness, stomach upset, vivid dreams, and daytime drowsiness
interactions: May interact with sedatives, alcohol, benzodiazepines, and other CNS depressants
part_used: Roots and rhizomes
harvesting_time: Roots are typically harvested in the autumn after the plant has flowered
storage_tips: Store dried roots in airtight containers in a cool, dark, and dry place to preserve potency
related_videos: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HMe7Y0ikzos
description:
Valerian is a perennial flowering plant known for its sweetly scented pink or white flowers and strong earthy aroma from its roots. It has been used traditionally as a sedative and sleep aid.

dosage:
Typically 400 to 900 mg of valerian root extract taken 30 minutes to two hours before bedtime; doses vary with preparation

duration:
Effects may be noticed after a few days; some use for up to 4-6 weeks with occasional breaks recommended

contraindications:
Not recommended for pregnant or breastfeeding women, people with liver disease, or those taking sedatives without medical advice

images:
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Valeriana_officinalis_001.JPG/800px-Valeriana_officinalis_001.JPG

sources:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK548199/, https://www.webmd.com/vitamins/ai/ingredientmono-881/valerian, https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/valerian-root


name: Marigold
scientific_name: Tagetes spp.
alternate_names: Pot Marigold, Calendula
plant_family: Asteraceae
origin: Native to the Americas, primarily Mexico and Central America
growth_habitat: Thrives in sunny locations with well-drained soil; commonly grown as annuals in gardens worldwide.
active_components: Flavonoids, carotenoids, triterpenoids, essential oils, lutein, and calendulin
treatable_conditions: Skin wounds, inflammation, antiseptic needs, digestive issues, menstrual cramps
preparation_methods: Used in extracts, ointments, teas, tinctures, and essential oils
dosage: Varies by preparation; for topical use, ointments applied 2-3 times daily; oral teas 1-2 cups daily
duration: Depends on treatment; typically applied until symptoms resolve, often 1-2 weeks
contraindications: Possible allergy to Asteraceae family plants; avoid during pregnancy without medical advice
side_effects: Rare allergic reactions, such as skin rash or irritation
interactions: May interact with anticoagulants or other blood-thinning medications
part_used: Flowers, leaves
harvesting_time: Flowers harvested at full bloom, usually summer to early autumn
related_videos: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3B9qXBQrOeY
description:
Marigolds are vibrant flowering plants known for their bright yellow, orange, and gold blossoms. They are often used ornamentally in gardens and have traditional medicinal uses.

storage_tips:
Dry flowers in a shaded, well-ventilated area; store in airtight containers away from light and moisture

images:
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Marigold_flower_%28Tagetes_erecta%29_01.JPG/640px-Marigold_flower_%28Tagetes_erecta%29_01.JPG

sources:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4068006/, https://www.britannica.com/plant/marigold, https://www.herbalgram.org/resources/herbalgram/issues/110/table-of-contents/hg110-herbal-medicines-of-americas/


name: Ginseng
scientific_name: Panax ginseng
alternate_names: Asian Ginseng, Korean Ginseng, Ren Shen
plant_family: Araliaceae
origin: Northeast China, Korea, and Eastern Russia
active_components: Ginsenosides, polysaccharides, peptides, polyacetylenic alcohols, and fatty acids
treatable_conditions: Fatigue, cognitive decline, erectile dysfunction, diabetes, inflammation, and immune system support
preparation_methods: Often prepared as dried root slices, powders, teas, tinctures, and extracts
contraindications: Pregnancy, breastfeeding, hypertension, individuals taking blood thinners or stimulant medications
part_used: Root
harvesting_time: Typically harvested after 4 to 6 years of growth, in the autumn season
storage_tips: Store dried roots in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight and moisture to preserve potency
images: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/39/Panax_ginseng_plant.jpg
related_videos: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9FSSXtua4rE
description:
Ginseng is a slow-growing perennial plant with fleshy roots, known for its adaptogenic properties. It has green leaves and small red berries. It is widely used in traditional medicine to boost energy, reduce stress, and enhance cognitive function.

growth_habitat:
Prefers cool, shaded forests with rich, well-drained soil. Typically found growing in mountainous regions with moderate humidity.

dosage:
Typical daily doses range from 200 mg to 400 mg of standardized extract, or 1 to 2 grams of dried root; varies by product and condition

duration:
Supplementation for 2 to 3 weeks at a time is common, sometimes with breaks in between; chronic use should be monitored

side_effects:
Possible headaches, sleep disturbances, gastrointestinal upset, nervousness, and allergic reactions in sensitive individuals

interactions:
May interact with anticoagulants (e.g., warfarin), diabetes medications, stimulants, and monoamine oxidase inhibitors

sources:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3659614/, https://www.webmd.com/vitamins/ai/ingredientmono-940/ginseng


name: Dandelion
scientific_name: Taraxacum officinale
alternate_names: Taraxacum, Common Dandelion, Lion's Tooth, Blowball, Priest's Crown
plant_family: Asteraceae
side_effects: Rare but may include allergic reactions, gastrointestinal discomfort, or increased stomach acid.
part_used: Leaves, roots, and flowers.
related_videos: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5yospVxcDDM
description:
Dandelion is a flowering herbaceous plant with bright yellow flowers and deeply toothed leaves. It is a perennial plant commonly found in temperate regions. Known for its hardy growth and ability to thrive in various soils, it has a long taproot and bright green leaves that form a basal rosette.

origin:
Native to Europe and Asia, now widespread across North America and other temperate regions worldwide.

growth_habitat:
Grows in meadows, lawns, gardens, roadsides, and disturbed soils; prefers full sun and well-drained soil.

active_components:
Contains vitamins A, C, K, various B vitamins, minerals like iron, calcium, magnesium, potassium, flavonoids, sesquiterpene lactones, phenolic acids, and inulin.

treatable_conditions:
Used traditionally to treat digestive issues, liver and kidney disorders, inflammation, skin problems, and as a diuretic.

preparation_methods:
Leaves can be eaten raw or cooked; roots are often dried and used as a tea or coffee substitute; tinctures and extracts are made from leaves and roots.

dosage:
Typical herbal tea dosage ranges from 1-3 grams of dried root or leaves steeped in hot water, taken 1-3 times daily; tincture dosages vary by product, commonly 2-4 ml 2-3 times daily.

duration:
Varies depending on condition treated; typically short-term use for several weeks to a couple of months.

contraindications:
May not be suitable for individuals with allergies to related plants (Asteraceae family); caution in people with bile duct obstruction or gallstones.

interactions:
Potential interaction with diuretic medications, lithium, and medications metabolized by the liver; may affect blood sugar levels.

harvesting_time:
Leaves are best harvested in early spring before flowering; roots are collected in fall or early spring before new growth.

storage_tips:
Dried leaves and roots should be stored in airtight containers away from light and moisture to preserve potency.

images:
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Taraxacum_officinale_20100224_Bluetenstand.jpg/320px-Taraxacum_officinale_20100224_Bluetenstand.jpg

sources:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3665023/, https://www.webmd.com/vitamins/ai/ingredientmono-695/dandelion, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taraxacum_officinale


name: Hibiscus
scientific_name: Hibiscus rosa-sinensis
alternate_names: Chinese hibiscus, Hawaiian hibiscus, shoe flower
plant_family: Malvaceae
active_components: Anthocyanins, flavonoids, hibiscetin, organic acids (citric, malic acid), vitamin C
side_effects: Possible allergic reactions, upset stomach, and lowering of blood pressure beyond normal levels
interactions: May interact with antihypertensive drugs, diuretics, and medications metabolized by the liver
part_used: Flowers, occasionally leaves and calyx
images: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/58/Hibiscus_rosa-sinensis_1.jpg
related_videos: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CdZvlTm9jXI
description:
Hibiscus is a genus of flowering plants in the mallow family, Malvaceae, known for their large, colorful flowers, often red, pink, orange, yellow, or white. They are commonly grown as ornamentals in tropical and subtropical climates and used in herbal teas and traditional medicines.

origin:
Native to East Asia, particularly China and Malaysia, but now widely cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide.

growth_habitat:
Thrives in warm, temperate, subtropical, and tropical climates. Prefers well-drained soil and sunny locations. Often grown as shrubs or small trees.

treatable_conditions:
High blood pressure, high cholesterol, fever, digestive issues, inflammation, respiratory problems, urinary tract infections

preparation_methods:
Commonly prepared as herbal tea from dried or fresh flowers; can be used in tinctures, extracts, or topical pastes

dosage:
Typically 1-2 cups of hibiscus tea daily; standardized extract dosages vary but often range from 250 mg to 1,000 mg per day in capsules

duration:
For chronic conditions, used regularly for several weeks to months; consult medical advice for duration of use

contraindications:
Pregnancy and breastfeeding (due to limited safety data), low blood pressure conditions, people on antihypertensive medication (may potentiate effects)

harvesting_time:
Flowers are harvested when fully open, typically during warmer months or throughout the growing season

storage_tips:
Dried flowers should be stored in airtight containers, away from light and moisture to preserve potency

sources:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4441162/, https://www.webmd.com/vitamins/ai/ingredientmono-637/hibiscus, https://www.britannica.com/plant/hibiscus


name: Milk Thistle
scientific_name: Silybum marianum
alternate_names: Holy Thistle, Mary Thistle, St. Mary's Thistle
plant_family: Asteraceae
origin: Mediterranean region of Europe
active_components: Silymarin (a complex of flavonolignans including silibinin, silidianin, and silicristin)
preparation_methods: Extracts from seeds are commonly used; available as capsules, tinctures, teas, and powders
dosage: Typical adult dosage ranges from 140 to 420 mg of standardized silymarin per day in divided doses
duration: Use duration varies; often taken for several weeks to months depending on condition and response
part_used: Seeds primarily
harvesting_time: Seeds are typically harvested when seed heads mature and dry, usually late summer to early fall
storage_tips: Store seeds and extracts in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight to preserve potency
images: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/74/Silybum_marianum_2.jpg
related_videos: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9hfjZv1_k-8
description:
Milk Thistle is a flowering herb known for its distinctive purple flower heads and white-veined leaves. It has been traditionally used for liver health due to its active antioxidant component silymarin.

growth_habitat:
Prefers dry, sunny locations and well-drained soils. Often found in fields, roadsides, and disturbed lands.

treatable_conditions:
Liver diseases such as cirrhosis, hepatitis, and fatty liver; antioxidant support; may assist in managing diabetes and lowering cholesterol

contraindications:
Allergy to plants in the Asteraceae family; caution during pregnancy and breastfeeding due to lack of conclusive studies

side_effects:
Generally well tolerated, but may cause gastrointestinal upset, headache, or allergic reactions in sensitive individuals

interactions:
May interact with medications metabolized by the liver enzymes CYP450, such as statins, warfarin, and some chemotherapy agents

sources:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4846979/, https://www.webmd.com/vitamins/ai/ingredientmono-138/milk-thistle, https://www.drugs.com/npp/milk-thistle.html


name: Magnolia
scientific_name: Magnolia spp.
alternate_names: Tulip tree, Cucumber tree, Saucer magnolia, Southern magnolia
plant_family: Magnoliaceae
active_components: Magnolol, Honokiol, Essential oils, Magnoflorine
treatable_conditions: Anxiety, Depression, Inflammation, Allergies, Respiratory issues, Digestive problems
preparation_methods: Extracts from bark or flower buds, teas, tinctures, essential oils
side_effects: Drowsiness, gastrointestinal discomfort, allergic reactions in sensitive individuals
part_used: Bark, flower buds, leaves, and seeds
images: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/35/Magnolia_soulangeana_Bud_2012-04-07.jpg
related_videos: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5PiNmziTNpc
description:
Magnolia is a genus of flowering trees and shrubs known for their large and fragrant blossoms. The flowers can be white, pink, purple, or yellow and are often cup-shaped or star-shaped. Magnolias are among the oldest flowering plants and have a distinctive appearance with broad leaves and showy flowers.

origin:
Native to East and Southeast Asia, as well as eastern North America, Central America, and the West Indies

growth_habitat:
Magnolias grow well in temperate to subtropical climates. They prefer well-drained, slightly acidic to neutral soil and are typically found in forests, woodlands, and sometimes in urban gardens and parks.

dosage:
Varies widely depending on preparation; standardized extracts often used in doses ranging from 100 mg to 200 mg magnolia bark extract daily for supplements

duration:
Typically used short-term; consult specific product guidelines or healthcare provider recommendations

contraindications:
Pregnancy and breastfeeding (due to insufficient safety data), allergies to plants in the Magnoliaceae family

interactions:
May enhance effects of sedatives or CNS depressants; possible interactions with blood pressure medications

harvesting_time:
Bark and flower buds typically harvested in spring or early summer when active compounds are most concentrated

storage_tips:
Store dried plant materials in a cool, dark, and dry place in airtight containers; keep extracts away from heat and light to preserve potency

sources:
https://www.britannica.com/plant/magnolia-plant; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4466761/; https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnolia


name: St. John's Wort
scientific_name: Hypericum perforatum
alternate_names: Klamath weed, Tipton's weed, Goatweed, Hypericum
plant_family: Hypericaceae
growth_habitat: Prefers sunny, well-drained habitats such as meadows, grasslands, and roadsides.
active_components: Hypericin, hyperforin, flavonoids, tannins
treatable_conditions: Mild to moderate depression, anxiety, wound healing, menopausal symptoms, nerve pain
preparation_methods: Dried herb for teas, tinctures, capsules, topical oils and ointments
duration: Effects may appear within 4 to 6 weeks of continuous use
side_effects: Photosensitivity, gastrointestinal symptoms, allergic reactions, fatigue, dizziness
part_used: Flowering tops
harvesting_time: Collected during full bloom in midsummer, usually July to August
storage_tips: Store dried herbs in airtight containers away from light and moisture
images: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2e/Hypericum_perforatum_004.JPG
related_videos: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3NlW8vTE-d0
description:
St. John's Wort is a flowering plant with yellow petals marked by black dots, often used for its medicinal properties, particularly in treating mild to moderate depression.

origin:
Native to Europe, parts of Asia and North Africa; now widely naturalized in temperate regions worldwide.

dosage:
Typically 300 mg of standardized extract (0.3% hypericin) two to three times daily; varies by preparation and condition

contraindications:
Not recommended for severe depression, pregnant or breastfeeding women, patients taking certain medications

interactions:
Interacts with antidepressants, birth control pills, blood thinners, immunosuppressants, chemotherapy drugs

sources:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6249813/, https://www.webmd.com/vitamins/ai/ingredientmono-333/st-johns-wort


name: Yarrow
scientific_name: Achillea millefolium
alternate_names: Common yarrow, Milfoil, Soldier's woundwort, Nosebleed plant
plant_family: Asteraceae
origin: Native to temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere, including Europe, Asia, and North America.
preparation_methods: Commonly prepared as tea, tincture, poultice, infusion, or essential oil for topical application.
part_used: Aerial parts including leaves and flowers.
harvesting_time: Best harvested during flowering season, typically late spring to early summer.
images: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/46/Achillea_millefolium_001.JPG
related_videos: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7kRqjEzpSyo
description:
Yarrow is a perennial herbaceous plant with feathery green leaves and clusters of small white to pink flowers. It grows up to 0.6 meters tall and is known for its aromatic, bitter taste and medicinal properties.

growth_habitat:
Grows in meadows, grasslands, roadsides, and open forest areas, thriving in well-drained soil and full sun to partial shade.

active_components:
Contains flavonoids, sesquiterpene lactones, tannins, volatile oils (such as chamazulene and cineole), alkaloids, and phenolic acids.

treatable_conditions:
Used traditionally to treat wounds, bleeding, inflammation, digestive issues, colds, fever, menstrual problems, and to promote skin healing.

dosage:
Typical dosage for tea: 2-4 grams of dried herb per cup, consumed up to three times daily. Tinctures vary, commonly 1-2 ml three times daily.

duration:
Treatment duration varies by condition but generally not recommended for continuous long-term use without medical supervision; commonly used for periods of up to 4-6 weeks.

contraindications:
Should be avoided by pregnant women as it may stimulate uterine contractions; caution advised for people with allergies to Asteraceae family plants.

side_effects:
May cause allergic reactions such as skin rash or contact dermatitis in sensitive individuals; potential for increased photosensitivity.

interactions:
May interact with anticoagulant or antiplatelet medications due to its blood-thinning effects; possible interactions with diuretics and hypotensive drugs.

storage_tips:
Dried herb should be stored in airtight containers, away from light and moisture to maintain potency.

sources:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6803184/, https://www.botanical.com/botanical/mgmh/y/yarrow03.html, https://www.mayoclinic.org/drugs-supplements-yarrow/art-20362889


name: Calendula
scientific_name: Calendula officinalis
alternate_names: Pot Marigold, Garden Marigold
plant_family: Asteraceae
origin: Native to southern Europe and the Mediterranean region
growth_habitat: Prefers sunny locations with well-drained soil; commonly grown as an annual in gardens worldwide
active_components: Flavonoids, triterpenoids, carotenoids, essential oils, saponins, polysaccharides
treatable_conditions: Skin inflammation, wounds, burns, rashes, acne, eczema, minor infections, sore throat
preparation_methods: Tinctures, creams, ointments, infusions, teas, essential oils
duration: Use until symptoms improve, generally for a week or as directed by a healthcare professional
part_used: Flowers
harvesting_time: Flowers are typically harvested during full bloom, usually in late spring to early autumn
related_videos: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OiX8IjC0USQ
description:
Calendula is a bright, hardy flowering plant known for its vibrant yellow and orange petals. It is often used medicinally and ornamentally.

dosage:
For topical use, apply the ointment or cream two to three times daily; for teas, steep 1-2 teaspoons of dried flowers in hot water for 10 minutes and drink up to three times daily

contraindications:
Avoid in individuals allergic to plants in the Asteraceae family; caution during pregnancy and lactation

side_effects:
Possible allergic reactions like dermatitis or skin irritation; rarely gastrointestinal upset when ingested

interactions:
May interact with anticoagulant medications due to mild blood-thinning properties; consult a healthcare provider

storage_tips:
Dried flowers should be stored in airtight containers away from light, heat, and moisture to preserve potency

images:
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Caledula_officinalis_1_beentree.jpg/1200px-Caledula_officinalis_1_beentree.jpg

sources:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4003706/, https://www.herbal-supplement-resource.com/calendula.html, https://www.webmd.com/vitamins/ai/ingredientmono-985/calendula


name: Coriander
scientific_name: Coriandrum sativum
alternate_names: Cilantro, Chinese parsley, Dhania
plant_family: Apiaceae
origin: Native to regions spanning from Southern Europe and Northern Africa to Southwestern Asia
active_components: Essential oils (linalool, pinene, camphor), flavonoids, tannins
treatable_conditions: Digestive issues, inflammation, infections, anxiety, and high blood sugar
duration: Typically used for short-term treatment; consult specific conditions for duration
contraindications: Possible allergic reactions; caution advised for pregnant women
side_effects: Rare; may include dermatitis or gastrointestinal upset in sensitive individuals
interactions: May enhance effects of blood sugar lowering medications; potential interactions with anticoagulants
part_used: Leaves, seeds, and sometimes roots
harvesting_time: Leaves harvested before flowering; seeds collected when fully mature and dry
storage_tips: Store seeds in airtight containers in a cool, dry place; fresh leaves refrigerate and use promptly
images: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6b/Coriander_with_leaves_and_seeds.jpg
related_videos: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tb31TPkooZg
description:
Coriander is an annual herb in the family Apiaceae. It is cultivated for its leaves and seeds. The leaves have a fresh, citrusy flavor, while the seeds are warm and spicy. It is widely used in culinary dishes around the world and has traditional medicinal uses.

growth_habitat:
Grows best in cool weather with well-drained soil; typically cultivated in gardens and farms worldwide.

preparation_methods:
Leaves used fresh or dried; seeds used whole or ground; infusions, extracts, and powders prepared for medicinal use

dosage:
Varies depending on preparation; commonly, an infusion made from 1-2 teaspoons of seeds per cup of water, taken 2-3 times daily

sources:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK92757/, https://www.britannica.com/plant/coriander, https://www.webmd.com/vitamins/ai/ingredientmono-982/coriander


name: Senna
scientific_name: Senna alexandrina
alternate_names: Alexandrian senna, Indian senna, Tinnevelly senna
plant_family: Fabaceae
origin: Native to North Africa and Southwest Asia, particularly Egypt and Sudan.
active_components: Sennosides A and B, anthraquinones, flavonoids
treatable_conditions: Constipation, bowel cleansing before diagnostic procedures, sometimes used in weight loss regimens
preparation_methods: Prepared as dried leaves or pods for teas, capsules, tablets, and liquid extracts
duration: Short term use recommended, usually not more than one week continuously
side_effects: Abdominal cramps, diarrhea, electrolyte imbalance, dependence if used long-term
interactions: May interact with diuretics, corticosteroids, heart medications and lead to potassium depletion
part_used: Leaves and pods (fruit)
harvesting_time: Pods and leaves are typically harvested when mature and dried before use
storage_tips: Store in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight to preserve active compounds
related_videos: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7I2qHSj-vvQ
description:
Senna is a flowering plant known for its bright yellow flowers and pinnate leaves. It is widely used as a medicinal herb, especially for its natural laxative properties. The leaves and pods contain compounds that stimulate bowel movements.

growth_habitat:
Senna typically grows in arid and semi-arid regions and is cultivated in tropical and subtropical climates.

dosage:
For constipation relief, typically 15-30 mg of sennosides daily, but dosage varies with product and condition

contraindications:
Avoid in cases of intestinal obstruction, inflammatory bowel diseases, pregnancy, and allergy to senna

images:
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Senna_alexandrina_-_K%C3%B6hler%E2%80%93s_Medizinal-Pflanzen-238.jpg/220px-Senna_alexandrina_-_K%C3%B6hler%E2%80%93s_Medizinal-Pflanzen-238.jpg

sources:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK547977/; https://www.webmd.com/vitamins/ai/ingredientmono-695/senna


name: Echinacea
scientific_name: Echinacea purpurea
alternate_names: Purple Coneflower, Sampson, Hedgehog
plant_family: Asteraceae
origin: Native to North America, primarily the central and eastern United States
active_components: Alkamides, polysaccharides, caffeic acid derivatives, flavonoids
treatable_conditions: Common cold, respiratory infections, flu, inflammation, wound healing
preparation_methods: Typically prepared as teas, tinctures, capsules, extracts, and topical applications
contraindications: Allergy to plants of the daisy family, autoimmune disorders, progressive systemic diseases
side_effects: Possible allergic reactions including rash, swelling, nausea; rare cases of anaphylaxis
interactions: May interact with immunosuppressant medications, certain antivirals, and cytokine therapies
part_used: Leaves, roots, and flowers
harvesting_time: Roots harvested in fall of second-year plants; flowers and leaves collected during blooming season
related_videos: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qyjw7KzTxrU
description:
Echinacea is a herbaceous flowering plant known for its large, purple daisy-like flowers with a prominent cone-shaped center. It is widely used for its medicinal properties, especially to boost the immune system.

growth_habitat:
Prefers well-drained soils, grows in prairies, open woodlands, and fields with full sun to partial shade

dosage:
Varies by form; commonly 300 mg of extract taken 2-3 times daily or 1-3 ml of tincture 2-3 times daily

duration:
Used for short durations, generally up to 8 weeks; prolonged use is not recommended without consultation

storage_tips:
Store dried herbs in a cool, dark, and dry place in airtight containers to preserve potency; tinctures stored away from sunlight

images:
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Echinacea_purpurea_in_Boise_1.jpg/800px-Echinacea_purpurea_in_Boise_1.jpg

sources:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK92757/, https://www.webmd.com/vitamins-and-supplements/herb-notes-echinacea, https://www.mayoclinic.org/drugs-supplements-echinacea/art-20362099


name: Moringa
scientific_name: Moringa oleifera
alternate_names: Drumstick tree, Horseradish tree, Ben oil tree, Miracle tree
plant_family: Moringaceae
origin: Indian subcontinent, including India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Afghanistan
part_used: Leaves, seeds, pods, flowers, bark, roots
harvesting_time: Leaves and pods can be harvested year-round, with peak production typically in warm seasons
related_videos: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZhwQAxhDyO4
description:
Moringa is a fast-growing, drought-resistant tree native to the Indian subcontinent. It is known for its high nutritional value and numerous medicinal properties. The leaves, pods, seeds, and flowers of moringa are used for food and traditional medicine.

growth_habitat:
Thrives in tropical and subtropical climates, able to grow in poor soil and arid conditions. Often found in home gardens, roadside, and wasteland.

active_components:
Vitamins (A, C, E), Minerals (calcium, potassium, iron), Antioxidants, Flavonoids, Phenolic acids, Isothiocyanates

treatable_conditions:
Malnutrition, inflammation, anemia, diabetes, high blood pressure, digestive issues, bacterial and fungal infections

preparation_methods:
Leaves can be eaten fresh, boiled, or dried into powder; pods and seeds are cooked; seeds can be pressed for oil; supplements available as capsules and extracts

dosage:
Leaf powder: 1-3 teaspoons daily; seed extracts and other supplements vary by preparation; consult product guidelines

duration:
Depends on usage; generally safe for long-term consumption when used as food; medicinal use duration may vary

contraindications:
Pregnant women should avoid consuming root and large amounts of leaf extracts; people on blood pressure or thyroid medication should consult a doctor

side_effects:
Generally well tolerated; excessive consumption may cause digestive upset such as diarrhea or nausea

interactions:
May interact with blood pressure and diabetes medications, potentially lowering blood sugar or blood pressure too much

storage_tips:
Leaves: dry and store in airtight containers away from light and moisture; seeds: store in cool, dry place

images:
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4d/Moringa_oleifera_-_KÃ¶hlerâ€“s_Medizinal-Pflanzen-098.jpg

sources:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6313446/, https://www.who.int/traditional-complementary-integrative-medicine/news/2020-07-moringa/en/, https://www.britannica.com/plant/moringa-plant


name: Plantain
scientific_name: Plantago major
alternate_names: Broadleaf Plantain, Common Plantain, Greater Plantain
plant_family: Plantaginaceae
origin: Native to Europe and parts of Asia; now widespread globally
active_components: Aucubin, allantoin, mucilage, tannins, flavonoids, phenolic acids
duration: Short-term use until symptom relief; consult healthcare advice for prolonged use
contraindications: No well-documented contraindications, but caution in people allergic to Plantago species
side_effects: Rare; possible mild allergic reactions or skin irritation when applied topically
part_used: Leaves, sometimes seeds
harvesting_time: Leaves harvested before flowering for best potency; seeds collected when mature
storage_tips: Dried leaves and seeds should be stored in airtight containers away from light and moisture
related_videos: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2MRdDWZ5t4Y
description:
Plantain is a low-growing perennial herb with broad, ovate leaves and inconspicuous greenish flowers arranged in spike-like clusters. It is commonly found in temperate regions worldwide and is often considered a weed. The leaves have a prominent network of veins and a slightly ribbed texture.

growth_habitat:
Thrives in disturbed soils, lawns, roadsides, and compacted ground; prefers full sun to partial shade

treatable_conditions:
Wound healing, inflammation, insect bites, respiratory issues, digestive problems, skin conditions like eczema

preparation_methods:
Leaves can be used fresh or dried; infused as tea; crushed for poultices; extracts and tinctures are common

dosage:
Varies by preparation; herbal teas typically 1-2 grams of dried leaves steeped in hot water, taken up to three times daily; topical use applied as needed

interactions:
No major documented drug interactions; caution advised when combined with anti-coagulants due to mild blood-thinning effects

images:
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Plantago_major_plant_03.JPG/800px-Plantago_major_plant_03.JPG

sources:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3210008/, https://www.medicinalplants.us/plantain, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plantago_major


name: Amla
scientific_name: Phyllanthus emblica
alternate_names: Indian Gooseberry, Amalaki, Amala
plant_family: Phyllanthaceae
origin: Native to India and Southeast Asia
active_components: Vitamin C (ascorbic acid), tannins, flavonoids, polyphenols, gallic acid, ellagic acid
duration: Depends on the condition treated; often recommended for several weeks to months for chronic use
interactions: May interact with diabetes medications and anticoagulants, potentially altering their effects
part_used: Fruit
harvesting_time: Fruits typically harvested in autumn, from October to December
images: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4a/Phyllanthus_emblica_fruit.JPG
related_videos: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F148HXnqD5E
description:
Amla is a small to medium-sized tree known for its edible fruit, which is round, greenish-yellow and has a sour, bitter, and astringent taste. The fruit is rich in vitamin C and antioxidants and has been used traditionally in Ayurvedic medicine for its health benefits.

growth_habitat:
Amla trees thrive in tropical and subtropical climates, preferring dry and moist deciduous forests and can grow in a variety of soil types as long as the soil is well-drained.

treatable_conditions:
Common cold and flu, digestive disorders, liver ailments, skin diseases, anemia, diabetes, inflammation, cough, asthma, cardiovascular diseases

preparation_methods:
Consumed fresh, dried as powder, juice, candy (murabba), pickles, as a component in herbal formulations and supplements

dosage:
Varies depending on preparation; commonly 1â€“2 teaspoons of dried powder daily or 10â€“20 ml of juice; supplements dosed according to manufacturer instructions

contraindications:
Individuals with low blood sugar should use caution; pregnant and breastfeeding women should consult a healthcare provider before use

side_effects:
Generally safe in recommended amounts; excessive intake may cause stomach upset, diarrhea, or hypoglycemia

storage_tips:
Store dried fruit or powder in airtight containers away from moisture and direct sunlight; fresh fruits best consumed soon after harvest or refrigerated

sources:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4296439/, https://www.webmd.com/vitamins/ai/ingredientmono-953/amla, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phyllanthus_emblica


name: Shatavari
scientific_name: Asparagus racemosus
alternate_names: Satavar, Shatamull, Satawari
plant_family: Asparagaceae
origin: Native to India and the Himalayan foothills
growth_habitat: Grows in subtropical and tropical regions, often found in open forests and grasslands
active_components: Saponins (shatavarins), flavonoids, alkaloids, steroids, and tannins
preparation_methods: Typically prepared as a powder, decoction, or infusion; also available in capsules and tinctures
dosage: Common dosage ranges from 3 to 6 grams of powder daily or as per Ayurvedic practitioner's advice
duration: Generally recommended for use over several weeks to months depending on condition
contraindications: Pregnant women in early stages, people with allergy to Asparagus family plants
side_effects: Rare, but may include mild digestive disturbances or allergic reactions
interactions: May interact with immunosuppressants or hormonal medications; consult healthcare provider
part_used: Root
harvesting_time: Typically harvested during rainy season or after the plant matures around 6 months
storage_tips: Store dried roots or powder in airtight containers away from moisture and sunlight
images: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/35/Shatavari_plant.JPG
related_videos: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9N7IrUNMkNo
description:
Shatavari is a perennial climber plant with long stems and small white or pinkish flowers. It is known for its cooling and rejuvenating properties and is widely used in Ayurvedic medicine especially for women's health.

treatable_conditions:
Used for female reproductive health issues, infertility, menopause symptoms, digestive problems, and as an immunomodulator

sources:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3335252/, https://www.webmd.com/vitamins/ai/ingredientmono-874/shatavari, https://www.ayushveda.com/ayurveda/herbal-medicines/shatavari/


name: Chamomile
scientific_name: Matricaria chamomilla
alternate_names: German Chamomile, Chamomilla recutita, Matricaria flower
plant_family: Asteraceae
origin: Native to Europe and Western Asia, now widely cultivated worldwide
growth_habitat: Prefers well-drained soils with full sun exposure, commonly found in fields, gardens, and roadsides
active_components: Apigenin, bisabolol, chamazulene, flavonoids, coumarins
treatable_conditions: Anxiety, insomnia, digestive issues, inflammation, skin conditions like eczema and wounds
dosage: Commonly 1-2 cups of chamomile tea daily; essential oil doses vary and should be used with care
contraindications: Allergy to ragweed, daisies, marigolds, or chrysanthemums; pregnancy caution advised
interactions: Potential interaction with blood thinners, sedatives, and other medications causing drowsiness
part_used: Flower heads
harvesting_time: Flowers are harvested when fully open, typically in summer months
storage_tips: Store dried chamomile flowers in a cool, dry, dark place in airtight containers to preserve potency
related_videos: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UQ7Ucc2Xs6M (Chamomile benefits and uses)
description:
Chamomile is a daisy-like plant that belongs to the Asteraceae family. It is known for its small white and yellow flowers and its use in herbal teas for its calming and anti-inflammatory properties.

preparation_methods:
Typically prepared as a tea or infusion, also used in essential oil form, topical creams, and extracts

duration:
Usage ranges from short-term for acute symptoms to longer durations for chronic conditions, generally not exceeding a few weeks without consultation

side_effects:
Possible allergic reactions such as skin irritation or anaphylaxis in sensitive individuals; may cause drowsiness

images:
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Chamomile_-_Matricaria_chamomilla_(aka).jpg/440px-Chamomile_-_Matricaria_chamomilla_(aka).jpg

sources:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK92752/, https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/chamomile-tea-benefits, https://www.webmd.com/vitamins/ai/ingredientmono-983/chamomile


name: Gotu Kola
scientific_name: Centella asiatica
alternate_names: Indian pennywort, Brahmi, Mandukaparni, Asiatic pennywort
plant_family: Apiaceae
origin: Asia, particularly India, Sri Lanka, China, and Indonesia
side_effects: Skin irritation with topical use, headache, stomach upset, nausea, dizziness in some individuals
part_used: Leaves and sometimes the whole aerial parts
harvesting_time: Leaves are harvested throughout the growing season, preferably just before flowering
images: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/47/Centella_asiatica_%28Gotu_Kola%29.jpg
related_videos: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7LiRFm9GKvI
description:
Gotu Kola is a small, perennial herbaceous plant native to Asia, known for its fan-shaped green leaves and creeping growth habit. It grows close to the ground and thrives in moist, tropical climates.

growth_habitat:
Moist, swampy areas, wetlands, and tropical or subtropical regions. It commonly grows near water bodies such as ponds and streams.

active_components:
Triterpenoids (asiaticoside, madecassoside), asiatic acid, madecassic acid, flavonoids, and essential oils

treatable_conditions:
Wound healing, varicose veins, venous insufficiency, anxiety, cognitive decline, skin conditions like psoriasis and eczema, and circulation problems

preparation_methods:
Can be used fresh or dried; prepared as teas, tinctures, capsules, powders, topical creams, and extracts

dosage:
Typical oral dosages range from 40 mg to 500 mg of standardized extract daily; topical application varies by product guidelines

duration:
Therapeutic effects may be observed within 2 to 4 weeks of regular use; prolonged use is sometimes recommended depending on condition

contraindications:
Pregnancy and breastfeeding unless advised by a healthcare provider; people allergic to plants in the Apiaceae family should avoid it

interactions:
May interact with sedatives, anticonvulsants, and drugs metabolized by the liver enzymes CYP2C9 and CYP3A4; caution advised when combined with other central nervous system depressants

storage_tips:
Store dried leaves and extracts in a cool, dry, dark place in airtight containers to preserve potency

sources:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3184420/, https://www.herbalgram.org/resources/herbalgram/issues/89/table-of-contents/hg89-herb-profile-centella-asiatica/, https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/gotu-kola-benefits


name: Ashoka
scientific_name: Saraca asoca
alternate_names: Ashok, Ashoka tree, Ashoka flower
plant_family: Fabaceae (Leguminosae)
origin: Indian subcontinent, primarily India and Sri Lanka
active_components: Flavonoids, tannins, catechins, sterols, glycosides, and essential oils
side_effects: Rare but may include allergic reactions or mild gastrointestinal discomfort
part_used: Bark, flowers, and sometimes leaves
harvesting_time: Bark is generally harvested during the dry season; flowers are collected when fully bloomed
images: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/71/Saraca_asoca_flower.jpg
related_videos: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YtO1DrT5fas
description:
Ashoka is a sacred and ornamental tree native to the Indian subcontinent, known for its dense foliage and fragrant, bright orange-red flowers. It can grow up to 12 meters tall with compound leaves and striking flower clusters.

growth_habitat:
Ashoka thrives in tropical and subtropical climates, commonly found near riversides and moist forests. It prefers well-drained, fertile soils and partial shade to full sunlight.

treatable_conditions:
Menstrual disorders, uterine problems, excessive bleeding, dysmenorrhea, leucorrhoea, and some digestive issues

preparation_methods:
Decoction of bark or flowers, powder form, extracts, and sometimes infused in oils for topical application

dosage:
Typically 3â€“5 grams of bark powder or as prescribed in decoction form; dosage varies with preparation and condition

duration:
Usually administered for several weeks as per traditional medicinal guidance or until symptoms improve

contraindications:
Pregnant women should avoid use as it may induce uterine contractions; not recommended for those with known allergies to the plant

interactions:
No well-documented interactions, but caution advised when combined with other uterine stimulants or anticoagulants

storage_tips:
Store bark and flowers in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight in airtight containers to preserve potency

sources:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3336327/, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saraca_asoca, https://www.herbal-supplement-resource.com/ashoka-herbal.html


name: Arnica
scientific_name: Arnica montana
alternate_names: Wolf's bane, Mountain arnica
plant_family: Asteraceae
origin: Europe, particularly the mountainous regions of central and southern Europe
growth_habitat: Prefers well-drained, nutrient-poor soils in alpine and subalpine meadows and woodlands
active_components: Helenalin, flavonoids, essential oils, sesquiterpene lactones
treatable_conditions: Bruises, sprains, muscle soreness, inflammation, rheumatic pain, insect bites
preparation_methods: Usually prepared as topical ointments, gels, creams, tinctures, and homeopathic dilutions
dosage: Topical application 2-3 times daily; oral use not generally recommended without guidance
duration: Apply for up to 7 days; discontinue if irritation occurs
side_effects: Skin irritation, allergic reactions, dermatitis if applied excessively or improperly
interactions: May interact with anticoagulants and other anti-inflammatory medications when taken orally
part_used: Flower heads
harvesting_time: Summer months when flowers are in full bloom
storage_tips: Store in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight to preserve active constituents
images: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3c/Arnica_montana_160507.jpg
related_videos: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4Fbu4EQtnQc
description:
Arnica is a perennial herb known for its bright yellow flowers and is commonly found in mountainous regions. It has traditionally been used for its anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties.

contraindications:
Not for use on broken skin or open wounds; contraindicated during pregnancy and breastfeeding without professional advice

sources:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK547716/, https://www.webmd.com/vitamins/ai/ingredientmono-662/arnica, https://www.britannica.com/plant/arnica


name: Burdock Root
scientific_name: Arctium lappa
alternate_names: Gobo, Greater Burdock, Edible Burdock
plant_family: Asteraceae
origin: Native to Europe and Northern Asia; widely naturalized in North America
active_components: Arctigenin, lignans, inulin, polyacetylenes, flavonoids, phenolic acids
duration: Depends on the condition; often used for several weeks to months in traditional settings
side_effects: Rare but may include allergic reactions, gastrointestinal upset, or photosensitivity
interactions: Potential interaction with anticoagulants (blood thinners), diabetes medications, and diuretics
part_used: Root
harvesting_time: Late fall to early spring, after the first frost for optimal sweetness and potency
images: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/12/Arctium_lappa02.jpg
related_videos: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sw3Rp1idmFo
description:
Burdock root is a long, slender root with a brownish outer layer and a white interior. It has a mild, sweet, and earthy flavor and is widely used in traditional medicine and culinary applications, especially in Asian cuisine.

growth_habitat:
Prefers temperate climates, often found in disturbed soils, fields, and roadsides; biennial plant growing up to 1-2 meters tall

treatable_conditions:
Used traditionally for skin conditions (eczema, acne), detoxification, improving digestion, anti-inflammatory ailments, and as a diuretic

preparation_methods:
Commonly peeled, sliced, and boiled or stir-fried; also made into teas, tinctures, and extracts for medicinal use

dosage:
Typical dosages vary; for supplements, often 300-500 mg standardized extract daily; for teas, 1-2 teaspoons dried root per cup of water, consumed 1-3 times daily

contraindications:
Avoid in individuals with allergies to Asteraceae family plants; those with low blood sugar levels or on blood-thinning medication should use cautiously

storage_tips:
Store peeled roots wrapped in damp cloth or refrigerated; dried root should be kept in airtight containers away from light and moisture

sources:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3699619/, https://www.webmd.com/vitamins/ai/ingredientmono-730/burdock, https://www.herbalgram.org/resources/herbalgram/issues/80/table-of-contents/herb-profile-burdock-root/


name: Cat's Claw
scientific_name: Uncaria tomentosa
alternate_names: UÃ±a de Gato, Vilcacora
plant_family: Rubiaceae
origin: Amazon rainforest, tropical regions of Central and South America
growth_habitat: Tropical rainforest vines growing in humid, shaded environments, often climbing large trees.
active_components: Oxindole alkaloids, polyphenols, tannins, glucosides, sterols, quinovic acid glycosides
preparation_methods: Decoctions (boiling bark or root), tinctures, capsules, topical creams
side_effects: Mild gastrointestinal discomfort, headache, dizziness, allergic reactions in rare cases
interactions: May interact with immunosuppressants, blood thinners, and antihypertensive medications
part_used: Inner bark and root
harvesting_time: Typically harvested during the dry season when concentrations of active compounds are highest
images: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5a/Uncaria_tomentosa_01.jpg
related_videos: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jkqV4Ays9jI
description:
Cat's Claw is a woody vine native to the Amazon rainforest and other tropical areas of Central and South America. It is named for the hook-like thorns that resemble a cat's claws. Traditionally used in herbal medicine for its anti-inflammatory and immune-boosting properties.

treatable_conditions:
Arthritis, digestive disorders, viral infections, inflammation, immune system enhancement, cancer adjunct therapy

dosage:
Typically 250â€“350 mg of extract twice daily; decoctions made from 1-2 teaspoons of powdered bark boiled in water

duration:
Use duration varies; often administered for several weeks to months depending on condition and response

contraindications:
Pregnancy and breastfeeding, autoimmune diseases (due to immune stimulation potential), post-organ transplant patients

storage_tips:
Keep in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight; store powdered bark and extracts in airtight containers

sources:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5863376/, https://www.webmd.com/vitamins/ai/ingredientmono-726/cats-claw, https://www.herbal-supplement-resource.com/cats-claw.html


name: Devil's Claw
scientific_name: Harpagophytum procumbens
alternate_names: Grapple Plant, Wood Spider, Elephant's Claw
plant_family: Pedaliaceae
origin: Southern Africa, particularly Namibia, Botswana, and South Africa
growth_habitat: Arid, sandy plains and desert regions; typically found in dry, rocky soils
active_components: Harpagoside, harpagide, procumbide, and other iridoid glycosides
treatable_conditions: Arthritis, back pain, inflammation, digestive issues, fever, and wounds
duration: Often used in cycles of several weeks; duration varies with condition and response
side_effects: Mild gastrointestinal upset, allergic reactions, and rare cases of lowered blood pressure
interactions: May interact with blood thinners, antihypertensives, antacids, and diabetes medications
part_used: Tuberous roots
harvesting_time: Roots are typically harvested after two or three years of growth, during the dry season
images: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5a/Harpagophytum_procumbens_Devil%27s_Claw_3.jpg
related_videos: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ym2HG_f5DSU
description:
Devil's Claw is a perennial herbaceous plant native to southern Africa, characterized by its tuberous roots and claw-shaped seed pods. It is traditionally used for its anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties.

preparation_methods:
Roots are dried and powdered for capsules or extracts; teas and tinctures are also made from the root

dosage:
Typical oral doses range from 600 to 1200 mg of harpagoside-containing extract per day, but specific dosage depends on the preparation and condition treated

contraindications:
Pregnancy, breastfeeding, bleeding disorders, gastric ulcers, and allergies to plants in the Pedaliaceae family

storage_tips:
Store dried roots and extracts in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight, tightly sealed to preserve potency

sources:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3544942/, https://www.webmd.com/vitamins/ai/ingredientmono-886/devils-claw, https://www.herbalgram.org/resources/herbalgram/issues/93/table-of-contents/hg93-devils-claw/


name: Elderberry
scientific_name: Sambucus nigra
alternate_names: Black elder, European elder, elderflower
plant_family: Adoxaceae
origin: Native to Europe, but also found in parts of North America and Western Asia
active_components: Anthocyanins, flavonoids, vitamins A, B, and C, phenolic acids, lectins
treatable_conditions: Colds and flu, respiratory infections, inflammation, sinusitis, fever, viral infections
preparation_methods: Extracts, syrups, teas, tinctures, capsules, jams, and wine made from elderflowers or berries
part_used: Berries and flowers
description:
Elderberry is a fast-growing deciduous shrub or small tree known for its clusters of small white or cream flowers and dark purple-black berries. It is widely used for its medicinal properties and as a food ingredient.

growth_habitat:
Prefers nutrient-rich, well-drained soils in sunny or partially shaded areas, commonly found in hedgerows, woodlands, and along streams

dosage:
Varies by preparation; elderberry syrup typical dosage is 150-300 mg of extract taken 2-3 times daily; consult product-specific instructions

duration:
Generally taken during the acute phase of illness for 5-7 days; long-term use should be avoided without guidance

contraindications:
Pregnancy and breastfeeding (due to insufficient safety data), individuals allergic to Sambucus species

side_effects:
Mild gastrointestinal upset; raw or unripe berries may cause nausea, vomiting or diarrhea due to toxic cyanogenic glycosides

interactions:
Potential additive effects with diuretics, laxatives, and diabetes medications; may affect immune system modulators

harvesting_time:
Flowers harvested in late spring to early summer; berries harvested late summer to early autumn when fully ripe

storage_tips:
Store dried flowers and berries in airtight containers in a cool, dark, dry place to preserve potency

images:
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/53/Sambucus_nigra_Flower.jpg, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/30/Sambucus_nigra_berries.jpg

related_videos:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2jhNGrsoCel (Guide to Elderberry Benefits), https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D0OiQVjrn3w (How to Make Elderberry Syrup)

sources:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4848652/, https://www.webmd.com/vitamins/ai/ingredientmono-348/elderberry, https://www.herbal-supplement-resource.com/elderberry.html


name: Feverfew
scientific_name: Tanacetum parthenium
alternate_names: Bachelor's buttons, Featherfew, Medick
plant_family: Asteraceae
origin: Native to the Balkan Peninsula, it has been widely cultivated in Europe and North America.
active_components: Parthenolide, flavonoids, sesquiterpene lactones
treatable_conditions: Migraines, fever, inflammation, arthritis, menstrual discomfort, insect bites
preparation_methods: Used fresh or dried as teas, capsules, tablets, extracts, or topical applications
contraindications: Pregnancy, breastfeeding, allergies to Asteraceae family plants, bleeding disorders
side_effects: Mouth ulcers, allergic reactions, gastrointestinal discomfort, potential photosensitivity
part_used: Leaves and flowers
harvesting_time: Leaves harvested just before flowering; flowers harvested during blooming period
images: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/62/Feverfew_%28Tanacetum_parthenium%29.jpg
related_videos: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QbGdp7g8q9s
description:
Feverfew is a herbaceous perennial plant in the daisy family Asteraceae, known for its feathery leaves and small, daisy-like flowers. Traditionally used for its medicinal properties, especially in treating headaches and inflammation.

growth_habitat:
Cultivated in gardens and wild in temperate regions, it thrives in well-drained soil with full sun to partial shade.

dosage:
Typical oral doses range from 50 to 150 mg of dried leaf extract per day; consult specific product guidelines

duration:
Recommended use can vary from days to several weeks; migraine prevention may take several weeks to see effect

interactions:
May interact with blood-thinning medications (e.g., warfarin), NSAIDs, and other anti-inflammatory drugs

storage_tips:
Store dried leaves and flowers in airtight containers in a cool, dark, and dry place to preserve potency

sources:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6323442/, https://www.webmd.com/vitamins/ai/ingredientmono-910/feverfew, https://www.herbal-supplement-resource.com/feverfew.html


name: Ginkgo Biloba
scientific_name: Ginkgo biloba
alternate_names: Maidenhair Tree, Fossil Tree, Yin Xing
plant_family: Ginkgoaceae
origin: Native to China
active_components: Flavonoids, Terpenoids (ginkgolides and bilobalide), Proanthocyanidins
side_effects: Mild headaches, dizziness, upset stomach, allergic skin reactions
part_used: Leaves
harvesting_time: Leaves are typically harvested in late spring to early autumn
images: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6e/Ginkgo_biloba_leaves_on_tree.jpg
related_videos: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LvXA1HzUd64
description:
Ginkgo biloba is a unique tree species known for its fan-shaped leaves and is often referred to as a living fossil due to its ancient origins. It is widely cultivated for medicinal and ornamental purposes.

growth_habitat:
Prefers temperate climates, often found in urban areas, parks, and gardens; tolerant of pollution and grows in well-drained soils.

treatable_conditions:
Cognitive decline, anxiety, dementia, intermittent claudication, tinnitus, asthma, memory improvement

preparation_methods:
Extracts prepared from dried leaves, usually in the form of standardized tablets, capsules, tinctures, and teas

dosage:
Typical adult dosage ranges from 120 mg to 240 mg of standardized extract daily, divided into two or three doses

duration:
Effects generally observable after 4-6 weeks of consistent use; long-term use depends on medical advice

contraindications:
Individuals with bleeding disorders, those on anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs, pregnant or breastfeeding women should avoid use

interactions:
May increase bleeding risk with anticoagulants (e.g., warfarin) and antiplatelet drugs; possible interaction with certain antidepressants and anticonvulsants

storage_tips:
Store in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight; keep leaf extracts in airtight containers to preserve potency

sources:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3670156/, https://www.webmd.com/vitamins/ai/ingredientmono-333/ginkgo, https://www.britannica.com/plant/ginkgo


name: Goldenseal
scientific_name: Hydrastis canadensis
alternate_names: Orangeroot, Yellow Puccoon, Ground Raspberry
plant_family: Ranunculaceae
origin: Eastern North America
growth_habitat: Prefers shaded, moist, rich forest soils; often found under hardwood trees.
active_components: Berberine, hydrastine, canadine
preparation_methods: Often prepared as a dried root powder, tinctures, capsules, or teas.
duration: Short-term use is common; prolonged use should be under medical supervision.
side_effects: May cause digestive upset, nervousness, or lowered blood pressure in some individuals.
interactions: Can interact with blood pressure medications, diuretics, and medications metabolized by the liver.
part_used: Root and rhizome
storage_tips: Store dried roots in a cool, dark, and dry place in an airtight container.
related_videos: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1OqDhmNkrxk
description:
Goldenseal is a perennial herb native to North America, known for its bright yellow roots and stems. It typically grows in shaded wooded areas and is valued for its medicinal properties.

treatable_conditions:
Used traditionally for digestive issues, respiratory tract infections, skin ailments, and as an immune system booster.

dosage:
Typically 500-1000 mg of dried root daily in divided doses; tincture doses vary generally around 2-4 mL 2-3 times daily.

contraindications:
Not recommended during pregnancy or breastfeeding; avoid in cases of high blood pressure or if taking certain medications.

harvesting_time:
Roots are typically harvested in the fall after the plant has matured, usually in the third year of growth.

images:
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Goldenseal_Hydrastis_canadensis_03.JPG/800px-Goldenseal_Hydrastis_canadensis_03.JPG

sources:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4848652/, https://www.mayoclinic.org/drugs-supplements-goldenseal/art-20362282, https://www.fs.fed.us/wildflowers/plant-of-the-week/hydrastis_canadensis.shtml


name: Hawthorn
scientific_name: Crataegus monogyna
alternate_names: May-tree, Quickthorn, Whitsun thorn
plant_family: Rosaceae
origin: Native to Europe, North Africa, and Western Asia
active_components: Flavonoids (like hyperoside), oligomeric procyanidins, triterpene acids, vitamin C, tannins
preparation_methods: Extracts, tinctures, capsules, teas, and syrups made from berries, leaves, and flowers
duration: Usage often recommended for at least 4-8 weeks or under medical supervision for chronic conditions
side_effects: Generally well-tolerated; rare cases of dizziness, nausea, fatigue; possible interaction effects
part_used: Leaves, flowers, and berries
harvesting_time: Flowers in late spring (May), berries harvested in late summer to autumn
related_videos: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QiFgu3NHIHY
description:
Hawthorn is a small tree or shrub known for its thorny branches, lobed leaves, and clusters of white or pink flowers that bloom in spring. Its red berries (haws) appear in late summer to autumn and are commonly used in food and medicine.

growth_habitat:
Thrives in hedgerows, woodland edges, and scrublands; prefers well-drained soils and temperate climates.

treatable_conditions:
Heart-related conditions such as mild heart failure, angina, high blood pressure; digestive and anxiety disorders

dosage:
Typically 160-900 mg of extract daily divided into two or three doses; varies by preparation and condition

contraindications:
Not recommended for people with known allergies to hawthorn; caution during pregnancy and breastfeeding

interactions:
May interact with heart medications such as beta-blockers, digoxin, and calcium channel blockers; caution advised

storage_tips:
Store dried parts in airtight containers away from light and moisture; extracts kept in cool, dark place

images:
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Crataegus_monogyna_2.jpg/800px-Crataegus_monogyna_2.jpg

sources:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4512293/, https://www.wildflower.org/plants/result.php?id_plant=crmo, https://www.webmd.com/vitamins/ai/ingredientmono-583/hawthorn


name: Kava
scientific_name: Piper methysticum
alternate_names: Kava-kava, Ava, Ê»Awa
plant_family: Piperaceae
origin: South Pacific Islands, including Fiji, Vanuatu, Tonga, and Hawaii
growth_habitat: Tropical climates, typically grown in shaded plantations or wild under forest canopy
active_components: Kavalactones, including kavain, dihydrokavain, methysticin, dihydromethysticin
treatable_conditions: Anxiety, stress, insomnia, muscle tension, symptoms of menopause
duration: Effects can last from 1 to 4 hours depending on dose and preparation
side_effects: Drowsiness, gastrointestinal discomfort, allergic reactions, headache, in rare cases liver toxicity
interactions: Can interact with alcohol, sedatives, CNS depressants, and medications metabolized by the liver
part_used: Roots and rhizomes
harvesting_time: Roots are usually harvested after 3 to 5 years of growth when kavalactone content is optimal
images: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7b/Piper_methysticum_01.JPG
related_videos: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ItdZ3rD9Xn0
description:
Kava is a traditional Polynesian plant known for its sedative, anesthetic, and euphoriant properties. It is a shrub with heart-shaped leaves and produces roots used to prepare a ceremonial or recreational beverage that promotes relaxation and reduces anxiety.

preparation_methods:
The roots are typically ground, pounded, or chewed and then mixed with water to produce a drink; can be made into extracts, capsules, or tablets

dosage:
Typical oral doses range from 70 to 250 mg of kavalactones per day; dosage varies by preparation and condition treated

contraindications:
Not recommended for people with liver disease, pregnant or breastfeeding women, individuals taking hepatotoxic drugs

storage_tips:
Store dried roots or powdered form in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight; sealed containers recommended to preserve potency

sources:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3669033/, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kava, https://www.herbal-supplement-resource.com/kava.html


name: Lemon Balm
scientific_name: Melissa officinalis
alternate_names: Common Balm, Bee Balm, Balm Mint, Sweet Balm
plant_family: Lamiaceae
origin: Native to Southern Europe and the Mediterranean region
active_components: Rosmarinic acid, Citral, Geranial, Neral, Tannins, Flavonoids, Eugenol
treatable_conditions: Anxiety, insomnia, indigestion, cold sores, stress, headache, digestive disturbances
side_effects: Generally well tolerated; rare side effects may include nausea, dizziness, or allergic reactions.
interactions: May enhance effects of sedatives, thyroid medications, or medications metabolized by the liver.
part_used: Leaves and flowering tops
harvesting_time: Leaves are best harvested just before the plant flowers in mid to late summer.
images: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4f/Lemonbalsam.jpg
related_videos: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LgNMApG0V8k
description:
Lemon Balm is a perennial herb in the mint family with lemon-scented leaves. It grows to about 70-150 cm in height and has heart-shaped, wrinkled leaves and small white or pale yellow flowers. It is known for its calming aroma and medicinal properties.

growth_habitat:
Prefers well-drained, moderately fertile soil in full sun to partial shade; commonly grows in gardens, meadows, and along roadsides.

preparation_methods:
Leaves can be used fresh or dried to make teas, tinctures, essential oils, and infusions. Extracts are also used in ointments and topical applications.

dosage:
Common dosage is 300â€“600 mg of lemon balm extract daily or 1-2 cups of lemon balm tea made from 1-2 grams of dried leaves up to three times a day.

duration:
Typically used short-term, for up to four weeks; longer usage should be supervised by a healthcare provider.

contraindications:
Possible contraindications in pregnant or breastfeeding women; caution advised when combined with sedatives or thyroid medications.

storage_tips:
Dried leaves should be stored in airtight containers away from light and moisture to preserve potency.

sources:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7084642/, https://www.botanical-online.com/english/lemonbalm.htm, https://www.webmd.com/vitamins/ai/ingredientmono-277/lemon-balm


name: Marshmallow Root
scientific_name: Althaea officinalis
alternate_names: Althea, Marsh Mallow, Mallow Root
plant_family: Malvaceae
origin: Native to Europe, Western Asia, and North Africa
growth_habitat: Grows in marshy, swampy areas, often near riverbanks and in moist soils
active_components: Mucilage, flavonoids, tannins, starch, polysaccharides
treatable_conditions: Coughs, sore throat, digestive issues, urinary tract inflammation, skin inflammations and wounds
preparation_methods: Typically prepared as infusions, decoctions, syrups, topical pastes, or extracts
duration: Short term use recommended; consult health care provider for prolonged use
side_effects: Generally well tolerated; rare allergic reactions or gastrointestinal upset
part_used: Root
harvesting_time: Roots are typically harvested in late fall or early spring when mucilage content is highest
storage_tips: Store dried roots in airtight containers in a cool, dark, and dry place to preserve potency
images: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/33/Althaea_officinalis_01.jpg
related_videos: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yp_mkJ8rEHY
description:
Marshmallow Root is a perennial herbaceous plant known for its thick, mucilaginous root that has been traditionally used for soothing irritation of the mucous membranes. It features hairy stems, lobed leaves, and pale pink to white flowers.

dosage:
For internal use, 1 to 2 teaspoons of dried root in hot water 2-3 times daily; topical application as needed

contraindications:
Avoid in individuals with allergies to plants in the Malvaceae family; caution during pregnancy due to insufficient data

interactions:
May interfere with absorption of oral medications due to mucilage content; avoid taking simultaneously with other drugs

sources:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK92773/, https://www.mayoclinic.org/drugs-supplements-marshmallow/art-20362238, https://www.herbal-supplement-resource.com/marshmallow-root.html


name: Nettle
scientific_name: Urtica dioica
alternate_names: Stinging Nettle, Common Nettle, Urtica, Burn Nettle
plant_family: Urticaceae
origin: Europe, Asia, North Africa, and North America
part_used: Leaves, roots, seeds
images: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/59/Urtica_dioica_7640.JPG
related_videos: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jp1eVbtGUEk
description:
Nettle is a perennial flowering plant known for its stinging hairs that cause irritation on contact. It has serrated leaves and grows in a variety of habitats such as forests, grasslands, and disturbed areas. It has been used traditionally for its medicinal properties and as a source of fiber and food.

growth_habitat:
Prefers nitrogen-rich soils, commonly found in woodland edges, riverbanks, and disturbed soils. It thrives in temperate regions.

active_components:
Histamine, formic acid, serotonin, acetylcholine, flavonoids, vitamins (A, C, K), minerals (iron, calcium, magnesium), chlorophyll, lignans

treatable_conditions:
Arthritis, anemia, allergies, hay fever, eczema, urinary tract infections, joint pain, anemia, benign prostatic hyperplasia

preparation_methods:
Leaves and roots can be dried and used to make teas, tinctures, capsules, topical ointments, and cooked as a green vegetable after blanching

dosage:
Typically 300-500 mg of dried leaf extract 2-3 times daily; teas made from 1-2 teaspoons of dried leaves steeped for 10 minutes, taken 2-3 times a day

duration:
Treatment duration varies from a few weeks for allergy relief to months for chronic conditions; consult healthcare provider for specific guidance

contraindications:
Pregnancy and breastfeeding (due to limited safety data), individuals on blood thinners or with bleeding disorders must be cautious

side_effects:
Mild stomach upset, sweating, skin irritation from contact with fresh leaves, allergic reactions in sensitive individuals

interactions:
May interact with anticoagulants, antihypertensive drugs, diuretics, and blood sugar lowering medications

harvesting_time:
Young leaves are typically harvested in spring and early summer before flowering; roots dug up in autumn

storage_tips:
Dry leaves in a dark, ventilated area and store in airtight containers away from moisture and sunlight. Roots should also be dried and stored similarly.

sources:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4271694/, https://www.webmd.com/vitamins/ai/ingredientmono-311/nettle, https://www.britannica.com/plant/nettle


name: Olive Leaf
scientific_name: Olea europaea
alternate_names: Olive tree leaf, Olea leaf
plant_family: Oleaceae
origin: Mediterranean Basin
active_components: Oleuropein, Hydroxytyrosol, Flavonoids, Triterpenes
treatable_conditions: Hypertension, high cholesterol, infections, inflammation, diabetes, immune system support
side_effects: Generally mild; may include headache, dizziness, or stomach upset in some individuals.
interactions: Potential interaction with antihypertensive and antidiabetic drugs; may enhance their effects
part_used: Leaves
storage_tips: Store dried leaves and extracts in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight to preserve potency.
images: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/99/Oleaeuropaea.jpg
related_videos: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xUSj2SP40U0
description:
Olive leaf is a slender, green leaf taken from the olive tree, traditionally used for its natural medicinal properties including antioxidant and antimicrobial effects.

growth_habitat:
Grows predominantly in Mediterranean climates on trees that prefer well-drained soil and moderate rainfall.

preparation_methods:
Drying and powdering, making infusions or teas, extracting essential oils or extracts, capsules and tinctures

dosage:
Typical doses range from 500 mg to 1000 mg of olive leaf extract per day; teas may be consumed 2-3 times daily

duration:
Can be used short-term for infections or long-term for chronic conditions, usually a few weeks to several months depending on use

contraindications:
Pregnancy and breastfeeding: insufficient safety data. People taking blood pressure or blood sugar medications should consult a physician.

harvesting_time:
Leaves are typically harvested during the growing season in spring and early summer for optimal potency.

sources:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6277924/, https://www.webmd.com/vitamins/ai/ingredientmono-372/olive-leaf


name: Passionflower
scientific_name: Passiflora incarnata
alternate_names: Maypop, Wild Passionflower, Passiflora
plant_family: Passifloraceae
origin: Native to the southeastern United States, Central, and South America
active_components: Flavonoids (e.g., vitexin), alkaloids, glycosides, and phenolic compounds
treatable_conditions: Anxiety, insomnia, nervous disorders, hysteria, and mild pain
preparation_methods: Typically prepared as teas, tinctures, extracts, capsules, or dried herb for infusion
part_used: Aerial parts including leaves, stems, and flowers
harvesting_time: Late spring through summer when the plant is flowering
images: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/46/Passiflora_incarnata_Ocala_National_Forest1.jpg
related_videos: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3TiyzfhV7L8
description:
Passionflower is a climbing vine with distinctive intricate flowers featuring prominent coronas. It produces edible fruits called maypops. The plant is known for its calming properties and has been used traditionally as a medicinal herb.

growth_habitat:
Grows in warm temperate and tropical climates, often found in woodlands, thickets, and along roadsides; prefers well-drained soil and full sun to partial shade

dosage:
Tea infusion: 1.5 to 4.5 grams of dried aerial parts daily; tincture: 0.6 to 1 ml up to three times daily (consult a healthcare professional)

duration:
Short-term use recommended; generally a few weeks to a couple of months; long-term effects are not well studied

contraindications:
Pregnancy and breastfeeding (due to insufficient safety data), use with sedatives or CNS depressants should be cautious

side_effects:
Generally well tolerated; possible drowsiness, dizziness, or allergic reactions in sensitive individuals

interactions:
May enhance effects of sedatives, benzodiazepines, or other CNS depressants, increasing drowsiness or sedation

storage_tips:
Store dried plant material in airtight containers away from light, heat, and moisture to preserve potency

sources:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6267624/, https://www.mayoclinic.org/drugs-supplements-passionflower/art-20360541, https://www.webmd.com/vitamins/ai/ingredientmono-871/passion-flower


name: Red Clover
scientific_name: Trifolium pratense
alternate_names: Wild Clover, Purple Clover, Cow Clover
plant_family: Fabaceae
origin: Europe, Western Asia, Northwest Africa
active_components: Isoflavones (genistein, daidzein, biochanin A), coumarins, flavonoids, essential oils, tannins
preparation_methods: Commonly used as teas, tinctures, capsules, or topical ointments made from leaves and flowers
side_effects: Generally well tolerated; may cause allergic reactions, nausea, or headache in some individuals.
part_used: Flowers and leaves
harvesting_time: Flowers are typically harvested at full bloom during late spring to early summer.
related_videos: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=to5bYO2mwuA
description:
Red Clover is a herbaceous species of flowering plant in the bean family Fabaceae, native to Europe, Western Asia, and northwest Africa, but planted and naturalized in many other regions. It grows as a perennial plant with trifoliate leaves and pinkish-purple flower heads, commonly used as a fodder crop and for soil improvement.

growth_habitat:
Grows in temperate climates in meadows, fields, and grasslands, preferring well-drained, fertile soils with adequate moisture.

treatable_conditions:
Menopausal symptoms, osteoporosis, cardiovascular health, coughs, skin inflammations, cancer prevention support

dosage:
Typical dosages vary depending on the preparation; for teas, usually 1-2 grams of dried herb steeped in hot water thrice daily; supplements vary per manufacturer instructions.

duration:
Treatment duration varies, often recommended for several weeks to months for chronic conditions; consult healthcare provider.

contraindications:
Avoid in pregnancy and breastfeeding; caution with hormone-sensitive conditions such as breast cancer, uterine cancer, or endometriosis.

interactions:
May interact with blood thinners (anticoagulants), hormone replacement therapies, and other medications affected by estrogenic activity.

storage_tips:
Dried flowers and leaves should be stored in airtight containers away from light, heat, and moisture to preserve potency.

images:
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Trifolium_pratense_004.jpg/800px-Trifolium_pratense_004.jpg

sources:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK92752/, https://www.mayoclinic.org/drugs-supplements-red-clover/art-20362225, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trifolium_pratense


name: Reishi Mushroom
scientific_name: Ganoderma lucidum
alternate_names: Lingzhi, Mannentake
plant_family: Ganodermataceae
origin: Native to East Asia, particularly China, Japan, and Korea
growth_habitat: Grows on decaying hardwood trees in forests, often on oaks and maple
active_components: Polysaccharides, triterpenoids, peptidoglycans, ganoderic acids
preparation_methods: Extracted as dried powder, teas, tinctures, capsules, and extracts
dosage: Typical doses vary; commonly 1.5 to 9 grams of dried mushroom daily or equivalent extract amounts
duration: Often consumed continuously for several weeks to months; consult practitioner's advice
contraindications: Pregnancy, breastfeeding, individuals on anticoagulant therapy should consult healthcare provider
side_effects: Mild side effects include dry mouth, dizziness, stomach upset; rare allergic reactions
interactions: May interact with blood thinners, immunosuppressants, and some chemotherapy drugs
part_used: Fruiting body
harvesting_time: Primarily collected during late summer to autumn when mature
storage_tips: Store in a cool, dry place away from sunlight to prevent mold and loss of potency
images: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6f/Reishi_mushroom_in_Japan.jpg
related_videos: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PxKrkvz2AOY
description:
Reishi mushroom is a woody, shelf-like fungus known for its shiny red-varnished, kidney-shaped cap. It has been used in traditional Chinese medicine for its potential health benefits, including immune support and longevity enhancement.

treatable_conditions:
Immune system support, fatigue, hypertension, allergies, liver diseases, insomnia, cancer adjunct therapy

sources:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4684112/, https://www.webmd.com/vitamins/ai/ingredientmono-922/reishi-mushroom, https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/reishi-mushroom


name: Rhodiola
scientific_name: Rhodiola rosea
alternate_names: Golden root, Arctic root, Rose root
plant_family: Crassulaceae
active_components: Rosavin, Salidroside, Tyrosol, Rosin, Flavonoids, Phenolic acids
treatable_conditions: Fatigue, stress, depression, anxiety, cognitive decline, altitude sickness, endurance enhancement
preparation_methods: Typically prepared as dried root extracts, tinctures, capsules, teas, and powders.
part_used: Root and rhizome
harvesting_time: Roots are typically harvested in late summer or early autumn after the plant has matured 3-4 years.
images: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5e/Rhodiola_rosea_0025.jpg
related_videos: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JTkZvmGuV5U
description:
Rhodiola is a perennial flowering plant in the Crassulaceae family known for its adaptogenic properties. It typically grows in cold, mountainous regions and has fleshy leaves and yellow to greenish flowers. It is traditionally used to increase stamina, reduce fatigue, and combat stress.

origin:
Native to the Arctic regions of Europe, Asia, and North America, particularly in mountainous areas of Siberia, Scandinavia, and parts of North America.

growth_habitat:
Cold, mountainous regions with well-drained rocky soils, often found at elevations between 1,000 and 3,000 meters.

dosage:
Common dosages range from 200 mg to 600 mg of standardized extract per day, usually divided into two doses.

duration:
Supplementation is often recommended for several weeks to months depending on the condition and response; cyclic use is common to prevent tolerance.

contraindications:
Pregnancy and breastfeeding (due to limited safety data), bipolar disorder (may exacerbate symptoms), hypersensitivity to Rhodiola components.

side_effects:
Generally well tolerated; possible side effects include dizziness, dry mouth, jitteriness, or insomnia in sensitive individuals.

interactions:
May interact with antidepressants, stimulants, or other CNS-active drugs; caution advised when combined with blood thinners or antihypertensives.

storage_tips:
Store dried roots and extracts in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight and moisture, preferably in airtight containers.

sources:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5370385/, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19594228/, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhodiola_rosea


name: Sage
scientific_name: Salvia officinalis
alternate_names: Common Sage, Garden Sage, Culinary Sage, Dalmatian Sage
plant_family: Lamiaceae
origin: Mediterranean region
active_components: Thujone, camphor, cineole, borneol, rosmarinic acid, flavonoids
part_used: Leaves, flowering tops
harvesting_time: Leaves are usually harvested just before or during flowering season in late spring to early summer.
images: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5c/Salvia_officinalis_1.jpg
related_videos: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z1HaHtCINz8
description:
Sage is a perennial, evergreen subshrub with woody stems, grayish leaves, and blue to purplish flowers. It is native to the Mediterranean region and known for its aromatic properties and medicinal uses.

growth_habitat:
Sage grows best in well-drained, sandy or loamy soil with full sun exposure. It is drought tolerant and prefers temperate climates.

treatable_conditions:
Sore throat, digestive problems, excessive sweating, memory enhancement, inflammation, menopausal symptoms, infections

preparation_methods:
Leaves can be used fresh or dried. Common preparations include teas, infusions, tinctures, essential oils, and extracts.

dosage:
For tea: 1-2 grams of dried leaves steeped in hot water 2-3 times daily; Essential oil: limited topical use and inhalation; Consult healthcare provider for medicinal uses.

duration:
Typically used for short-term periods (up to 4-6 weeks); prolonged use of essential oils not recommended due to thujone content.

contraindications:
Not advised during pregnancy and breastfeeding; avoid in seizures or epilepsy due to thujone toxicity; allergic individuals should avoid use.

side_effects:
Possible allergic reactions, gastrointestinal upset in high doses, neurotoxicity with large amounts of thujone.

interactions:
May interact with anticonvulsant medications; possible additive effects with other sedatives or herbs affecting CNS.

storage_tips:
Dried leaves should be stored in airtight containers, away from light and moisture to preserve potency.

sources:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3999602/, https://www.britannica.com/plant/sage-plant, https://www.herbalgram.org/resources/herbalgram/issues/112/table-of-contents/112-articles/herb-profile-salvia-officinalis/


name: Saw Palmetto
scientific_name: Serenoa repens
alternate_names: Serenoa, Sabal Palm, American Dwarf Palm
plant_family: Arecaceae
origin: Southeastern United States, especially Florida and coastal regions
active_components: Fatty acids (such as lauric acid, oleic acid), phytosterols, flavonoids, and polysaccharides
treatable_conditions: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), urinary symptoms, male pattern baldness, chronic pelvic pain
dosage: Commonly 160 mg of standardized extract twice daily, but may vary by product and condition
duration: Effects typically observed after 4-6 weeks of consistent use; some recommend up to 6 months
contraindications: Pregnancy and breastfeeding, hormone-sensitive conditions, known allergies to palm plants
side_effects: Mild gastrointestinal symptoms, headache, dizziness, rarely allergic reactions
interactions: May interact with blood thinners, hormone therapies, and medications for prostate conditions
part_used: Ripe fruit (berries)
harvesting_time: Late summer to early fall when berries are ripe and dark colored
storage_tips: Store dried berries and extracts in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight to preserve potency
images: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/69/Serenoa_repens1UME.jpg
related_videos: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jHzCqZNxWZA
description:
Saw Palmetto is a small palm native to the southeastern United States, characterized by its fan-shaped leaves and dark berries. It is commonly used in herbal supplements, particularly for urinary and reproductive health in men.

growth_habitat:
Grows as a low, shrubby palm in sandy coastal soils and pine flatwoods, often in subtropical climates

preparation_methods:
Extracts from the dried ripe berries, typically as standardized lipid extracts available in capsules, tablets, or liquid form

sources:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3914570/, https://www.webmd.com/vitamins/ai/ingredientmono-1011/saw-palmetto, https://www.herbal-supplement-resource.com/saw-palmetto.html


name: Slippery Elm
scientific_name: Ulmus rubra
alternate_names: Red Elm, Moose Elm, Indian Elm
plant_family: Ulmaceae
origin: Eastern and Central North America
active_components: Mucilage, tannins, calcium, iron, vitamin C
treatable_conditions: Sore throat, cough, digestive issues (ulcers, diarrhea), inflammation, cold symptoms
side_effects: Generally well tolerated; rare cases of allergic reactions such as rash or respiratory issues.
part_used: Inner bark
images: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9a/Ulmus_rubra_leaves.jpg
related_videos: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4y9K547IjrE
description:
Slippery Elm is a deciduous tree native to North America, recognized by its reddish inner bark that becomes mucilaginous when mixed with water. It has broad leaves with serrated edges and is known for its soothing properties when used in herbal medicine.

growth_habitat:
Prefers moist, well-drained soils often found in riverbanks, woodlands, and lowlands; thrives in temperate climatic zones.

preparation_methods:
Inner bark is dried and powdered, then made into teas, lozenges, or poultices; bark can also be boiled to extract mucilage.

dosage:
Typically, 1 to 2 teaspoons of powdered bark per cup of hot water taken 2 to 3 times daily; dosage may vary based on form and use.

duration:
Use is generally recommended for short-term relief, usually no longer than 8 weeks without consulting a healthcare provider.

contraindications:
Allergy to elm or related plants; caution for people with hay fever or asthma due to potential allergic reactions.

interactions:
May affect absorption of oral medications if taken simultaneously due to mucilage content; advisable to separate administration times.

harvesting_time:
Late spring to early summer when sap flow is strongest, ensuring bark is pliable and easy to harvest.

storage_tips:
Dried bark should be stored in airtight containers away from light and moisture to maintain potency.

sources:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK92757/, https://www.herbal-supplement-resource.com/slippery-elm.html, https://www.mayoclinic.org/drugs-supplements-slippery-elm/art-20362268


name: Stinging Nettle
scientific_name: Urtica dioica
alternate_names: Common Nettle, Nettle, Burn Nettle, Stinger
plant_family: Urticaceae
origin: Native to Europe, Asia, northern Africa, and North America
duration: Use varies by condition; often recommended for several weeks to months under supervision
side_effects: May cause mild gastrointestinal upset, allergic reactions, or skin irritation if handled improperly
interactions: Can interact with blood thinners, blood pressure medications, diuretics, and antidiabetic drugs
part_used: Leaves, roots, and stems
images: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/26/Urtica_dioica_01.JPG
related_videos: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4kNHPZrjxgg
description:
Stinging Nettle is a perennial flowering plant known for its hairs on the leaves and stems that can cause a stinging sensation when touched. It has serrated, heart-shaped leaves and small greenish flowers.

growth_habitat:
Grows in temperate regions, commonly found in nitrogen-rich soils, forests, grasslands, and disturbed areas like roadsides

active_components:
Histamine, formic acid, acetylcholine, serotonin, flavonoids, vitamins A, C, K, and minerals such as iron, calcium, magnesium

treatable_conditions:
Used traditionally for arthritis, allergies, hay fever, urinary issues, anemia, and as an anti-inflammatory agent

preparation_methods:
Leaves and roots can be used fresh or dried; commonly prepared as teas, tinctures, capsules, or cooked as a vegetable after boiling to neutralize stinging hairs

dosage:
Typical oral dose is 300-500 mg of nettle leaf extract daily, or 1-3 cups of nettle tea; root extracts are dosed similarly but depend on product formulation

contraindications:
Avoid in pregnancy and breastfeeding due to lack of sufficient evidence; caution with kidney disorders and medication interactions

harvesting_time:
Young leaves are best harvested in spring and early summer before flowering; roots harvested in fall or early spring

storage_tips:
Dry leaves and roots thoroughly; store in airtight containers away from light and moisture to preserve potency

sources:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6378934/, https://www.webmd.com/vitamins/ai/ingredientmono-729/nettle, https://www.britannica.com/plant/stinging-nettle


name: Witch Hazel
scientific_name: Hamamelis virginiana
alternate_names: Spicewood, Winterbloom, Snapping Hazel
plant_family: Hamamelidaceae
origin: Native to North America, particularly the eastern United States and Canada
active_components: Tannins, flavonoids, volatile oils, and witch hazel extract
duration: Depends on the condition treated; usually until symptoms improve or as directed on product labels
contraindications: Avoid use on deep wounds or mucous membranes; caution if allergic to hamamelis or related plants
side_effects: Rarely causes skin irritation or allergic reactions; excessive use may dry out the skin
interactions: No significant known drug interactions when used topically
part_used: Leaves and bark
harvesting_time: Leaves and bark are typically harvested in late summer or early fall before the plant flowers
images: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/22/Hamamelis_virginiana_2_PA.jpg
related_videos: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9X7L4epXbq4
description:
Witch Hazel is a deciduous shrub or small tree known for its yellow-orange flowers that bloom in late fall or winter. It is widely used for its astringent and anti-inflammatory properties.

growth_habitat:
Prefers woodland edges, streamsides, and moist, well-drained soils in temperate regions; grows best in partial shade to full sun

treatable_conditions:
Skin irritation, inflammation, hemorrhoids, acne, minor burns, bruises, insect bites, and varicose veins

preparation_methods:
Distilled extract from leaves and bark, topical creams, ointments, and pads soaked in witch hazel extract

dosage:
Topical application as needed; commercially available witch hazel products typically used 1-3 times daily

storage_tips:
Store dried leaves and bark in airtight containers away from light and moisture; commercial extracts stored according to manufacturerâ€™s instructions

sources:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3509880/, https://www.mayoclinic.org/drugs-supplements-witch-hazel/art-20363156, https://www.witchhazel.org/


name: Yellow Dock
scientific_name: Rumex crispus
alternate_names: Curly Dock, Narrow Dock, Yellow Dock Root
plant_family: Polygonaceae
origin: Native to Europe and Western Asia, now widespread in North America and other temperate regions.
part_used: Root primarily; leaves are also used.
storage_tips: Store dried roots in airtight containers in a cool, dark, and dry place to maintain potency.
images: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/38/Rumex_crispus_001.JPG
related_videos: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RnV1GvMI6xc
description:
Yellow Dock is a perennial herbaceous plant with yellowish-brown roots and tall, erect stems. It features curly-edged leaves and reddish-green flowers. It commonly grows in disturbed soils and is known both as a medicinal herb and a common weed.

growth_habitat:
Found in wastelands, roadsides, fields, and disturbed soils; prefers temperate climates and well-drained soils.

active_components:
Anthraquinone glycosides (such as chrysophanic acid), tannins, flavonoids, vitamins (notably iron), and minerals.

treatable_conditions:
Used traditionally for anemia, constipation, liver and skin conditions, detoxification, and digestive issues.

preparation_methods:
Roots are commonly dried and used in teas, tinctures, or powders. Leaves can also be cooked or used as greens.

dosage:
Typical adult dosage for tincture ranges from 1-3 ml three times daily; teas are prepared with 1-2 grams of root per cup of hot water, taken 2-3 times daily. Dosage varies with preparation and condition.

duration:
Treatment duration depends on the condition but often ranges from a few days to several weeks. Consultation with a healthcare practitioner is recommended for prolonged use.

contraindications:
Not recommended during pregnancy, breastfeeding, or for individuals with kidney or gallbladder problems. Avoid overuse due to laxative effects.

side_effects:
Possible side effects include diarrhea, abdominal cramping, and allergic reactions in sensitive individuals.

interactions:
May interact with diuretics, laxatives, and medications affecting blood potassium levels. May reduce absorption of some drugs due to laxative effect.

harvesting_time:
Roots are best harvested in the fall of the first or second year before flowering when they contain the most active constituents.

sources:
https://www.herbalgram.org/resources/herbal-medicine-database/rumex-crispus/, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5412250/, https://www.medicinalplants-uses.com/rumex-crispus.html


name: Ashitaba
scientific_name: Angelica keiskei
alternate_names: Tomorrow's Leaf, Angelica Herb
plant_family: Apiaceae
origin: Japan
duration: Varies depending on use; often taken periodically as part of diet or wellness regimen.
side_effects: Rare; may cause mild gastrointestinal discomfort in some individuals.
interactions: Potential interaction with blood thinners or antidiabetic drugs; limited clinical data available.
part_used: Leaves and stems
harvesting_time: Leaves reportedly harvested year-round, with peak nutritional value in spring and summer.
images: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/07/Angelica_keiskei_-_Ashitaba_-_Japan.jpg
related_videos: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OqqIvRubPuc
description:
Ashitaba is a perennial plant native to Japan, known for its bright green leaves and thick stems. It has a strong, distinctive aroma and is prized for its health benefits and high nutrient content.

growth_habitat:
Prefers humid, subtropical climates; commonly grows wild on the Izu Islands of Japan; cultivated in well-drained, fertile soils with partial to full sunlight.

active_components:
Chalcones (such as 4-hydroxyderricin and xanthoangelol), vitamins (A, B complex, C), minerals, antioxidants

treatable_conditions:
Diabetes, high cholesterol, inflammation, infections, digestive issues, cancer prevention (speculative)

preparation_methods:
Fresh leaves consumed raw or cooked; dried leaves used for teas; extracts and powders available for supplementation.

dosage:
No standardized dosage; traditional use varies; commonly consumed as fresh leaves or 1-2 grams of dried powder per day as dietary supplement.

contraindications:
Pregnant or breastfeeding women advised to consult healthcare providers; possible allergies to Apiaceae family plants; caution if on blood-thinning medication.

storage_tips:
Fresh leaves stored in refrigerator, wrapped to maintain moisture; dried leaves kept in airtight containers away from light and moisture.

sources:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angelica_keiskei, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6165363/, https://www.herbal-supplement-resource.com/ashitaba.html


name: Bael
scientific_name: Aegle marmelos
alternate_names: Wood apple, Bengal quince, Stone apple, Bel
plant_family: Rutaceae
origin: Indian subcontinent, including India, Nepal, Bangladesh, and Sri Lanka
active_components: Marmelosin, aegeline, umbelliferone, tannins, alkaloids, essential oils, and vitamins
duration: Typically used in courses lasting from a few days to several weeks depending on the ailment
interactions: May enhance effects of hypoglycemic drugs; caution advised when taken with diabetes medication
part_used: Fruit, leaves, bark, seeds, and roots
harvesting_time: Fruit harvested in the summer to early autumn (April to September)
images: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Aegle_marmelos_01.JPG
related_videos: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pWCSOfWW5XE
description:
Bael is a medium-sized, slow-growing tree with trifoliate leaves and fragrant, greenish-yellow flowers. The fruit is round or oval, hard-shelled, with a woody texture and aromatic pulp inside.

growth_habitat:
Grows in dry, deciduous forests and can tolerate poor soil conditions; often found in open forests and road sides

treatable_conditions:
Diarrhea, dysentery, constipation, diabetes, respiratory infections, inflammation, and digestive disorders

preparation_methods:
Fruit pulp is eaten raw or used to make juices and jams; leaves are made into extracts or powders; bark and seeds are used in traditional medicine preparations

dosage:
Varies depending on condition; for example, 3-6 grams of dried fruit pulp or leaf powder daily; consult a herbalist for specific dosages

contraindications:
Pregnant and breastfeeding women should avoid use; people with hypersensitivity to the plant should not use it

side_effects:
Possible allergic reactions in sensitive individuals; overconsumption may cause constipation or lowered blood sugar levels

storage_tips:
Store dried parts in airtight containers away from moisture and sunlight; fresh fruits should be consumed quickly or refrigerated

sources:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5083987/, https://www.webmd.com/vitamins/ai/ingredientmono-877/bael, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aegle_marmelos


name: Bacopa
scientific_name: Bacopa monnieri
alternate_names: Brahmi, Waterhyssop, Herb of Grace
plant_family: Plantaginaceae
origin: Native to wetlands of India, Asia, Australia, Europe, Africa, and North and South America
active_components: Bacosides (especially Bacoside A and B), flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins
preparation_methods: Typically prepared as an aqueous extract, powder, capsules, tinctures, or teas.
duration: Effects generally observed with regular use over 4 to 12 weeks
part_used: Leaves and aerial parts
harvesting_time: Typically harvested during the flowering stage when bioactive compounds are at peak concentration
storage_tips: Store in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight in airtight containers to preserve potency
related_videos: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q0mkVZdD9UY
description:
Bacopa monnieri is a perennial, creeping herb that grows in wet and marshy areas. It has small, succulent green leaves and white or light purple flowers. Traditionally used in Ayurvedic medicine for its cognitive-enhancing properties.

growth_habitat:
Typically found thriving in swampy, wet, and marshy environments; grows best in tropical and subtropical climates.

treatable_conditions:
Memory enhancement, anxiety, epilepsy, ADHD, inflammation, ulcers, asthma, and neurodegenerative diseases

dosage:
Common dosage ranges from 300 to 500 mg of standardized extract daily; doses vary based on preparation and indication

contraindications:
Pregnancy and lactation (due to limited safety data), scheduled surgery (due to possible sedative effects), known allergies to Bacopa

side_effects:
Mild gastrointestinal symptoms like nausea, stomach cramps, dry mouth; occasional fatigue or increased bowel movements

interactions:
May interact with sedatives, thyroid medications, and cholinergic drugs; caution advised with blood pressure medications

images:
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Bacopa_monnieri_-_herb.jpg/300px-Bacopa_monnieri_-_herb.jpg

sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23651006/, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3098773/, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacopa_monnieri


name: Cumin
scientific_name: Cuminum cyminum
alternate_names: Jeera, Syah Jeera, Roman Cumin
plant_family: Apiaceae
origin: Mediterranean region, extending to South Asia
growth_habitat: Thrives in warm climates with well-drained soils, typically cultivated in semi-arid regions.
active_components: Cuminaldehyde, terpenoids, flavonoids, essential oils, pyrazines
contraindications: Individuals with allergies to Apiaceae family plants; caution in pregnancy and lactation.
side_effects: Rare when used in food amounts; high doses may cause stomach irritation or allergy symptoms.
part_used: Seeds
harvesting_time: Seeds are typically harvested 3-4 months after sowing when fruit turns brown and dry.
images: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7b/Cuminum_cyminum_01.jpg
related_videos: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9G5Po6N0Dws
description:
Cumin is a flowering plant in the family Apiaceae, native to the Mediterranean region and South Asia. It produces seeds that are used as a spice in various cuisines for their distinctive flavor and aroma. The cumin plant grows to about 30â€“50 cm tall, with slender, branched stems and leaves divided into thread-like segments.

treatable_conditions:
Digestive disorders, flatulence, indigestion, diarrhea, respiratory disorders, diabetes, inflammation

preparation_methods:
Seeds are used whole or ground as a spice; also boiled as an infusion or decoction for medicinal purposes.

dosage:
Typically, 1-2 grams of ground cumin daily; in traditional medicine, tea made from 1 teaspoon of seeds in hot water can be taken 2-3 times daily.

duration:
Varies depending on usage; for culinary use unlimited, for medicinal use consult a healthcare professional for duration.

interactions:
May lower blood sugar; caution when taken with diabetes medications. Possible interaction with anticoagulants.

storage_tips:
Store seeds in airtight containers in a cool, dry place away from sunlight to maintain flavor and potency.

sources:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6140086/, https://www.britannica.com/plant/cumin, https://www.webmd.com/vitamins/ai/ingredientmono-877/cumin


name: Guduchi
scientific_name: Tinospora cordifolia
alternate_names: Giloy, Amrita, Heart-leaved Moonseed
plant_family: Menispermaceae
origin: Indian subcontinent
treatable_conditions: Fever, diabetes, respiratory disorders, liver disorders, immune system enhancement, arthritis, gout
duration: Varies by use case; commonly used for 1 to 3 months for chronic conditions, with breaks as advised
side_effects: Generally well tolerated; rare cases of allergic reactions or gastrointestinal disturbances
part_used: Stem, leaves
storage_tips: Store dried parts in airtight containers away from moisture and direct sunlight to preserve potency
images: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/84/Tinospora_cordifolia01.jpg
related_videos: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HtV1UgpHaNM
description:
Guduchi is a climbing shrub known for its heart-shaped leaves and medicinal properties. It is widely used in traditional Ayurvedic medicine due to its immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic effects.

growth_habitat:
Guduchi typically grows in tropical and subtropical climates, often found climbing on trees or shrubs in forested areas and wastelands.

active_components:
Alkaloids (e.g., tinosporin), diterpenoid lactones (e.g., tinocordiside), glycosides, steroids, polysaccharides

preparation_methods:
Leaves and stems are dried and powdered, decoctions and extracts are made; can be consumed fresh or as juice, tablets, or capsules

dosage:
Typically 300-500 mg of powdered stem or leaf extract twice daily, or as directed by a healthcare professional

contraindications:
Pregnancy and breastfeeding safety not well established; caution in autoimmune diseases due to immune-stimulating effects

interactions:
May interact with immunosuppressive drugs, antidiabetic medications, and other herbal supplements affecting immunity or blood sugar

harvesting_time:
Stems and leaves are best harvested during the rainy and post-rainy season when the plant is in active growth

sources:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3249903/, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tinospora_cordifolia, https://www.webmd.com/vitamins/ai/ingredientmono-1199/giloy


name: Jamun
scientific_name: Syzygium cumini
alternate_names: Java Plum, Black Plum, Indian Blackberry
plant_family: Myrtaceae
origin: Indian subcontinent
active_components: Jamboline, Ellagic acid, Gallic acid, Tannins, Anthocyanins, Vitamin C
treatable_conditions: Diabetes, diarrhea, indigestion, inflammation, oral health issues
dosage: Seed powder: 3-6 grams daily; Fruit: as desired; Leaf decoction: 1 cup twice daily
duration: Usage duration varies by treatment; often recommended for several weeks with medical supervision
contraindications: Avoid excess consumption in hypoglycemic patients; use caution in pregnant or breastfeeding women
side_effects: Excessive intake may cause constipation or low blood sugar
interactions: May potentiate effects of diabetes medications, careful monitoring advised
part_used: Fruit, Seeds, Leaves, Bark
harvesting_time: Fruits typically harvested from June to September
images: https://example.com/images/jamun_fruit.jpg
related_videos: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=examplejamunvideo
description:
Jamun is a tropical tree native to the Indian subcontinent known for its dark purple to black fruits which are sweet and slightly astringent. The tree has evergreen, dense foliage and small white flowers.

growth_habitat:
Jamun grows well in tropical and subtropical climates, commonly found in well-drained soils, adaptable to a variety of soil types including laterite and alluvial soils.

preparation_methods:
Fruits can be eaten fresh or made into juice, jams, and jellies. Seeds are dried and powdered for medicinal use. Leaves can be used in decoctions.

storage_tips:
Fruits should be stored in a cool place or refrigerated; seeds need to be dried and stored in airtight containers

sources:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3864890/, https://www.webmd.com/vitamins/ai/ingredientmono-1050/jamun, https://www.britannica.com/plant/jamun


name: Jatamansi
scientific_name: Nardostachys jatamansi
alternate_names: Spikenard, Muskroot, Indian Valerian
plant_family: Valerianaceae
origin: Himalayan region of India, Nepal, Bhutan, and Tibet
active_components: Nardostachone, jatamansone, sesquiterpenes, flavonoids, and essential oils
preparation_methods: Rhizomes are dried and powdered, used to make oils, extracts, decoctions, and powders
contraindications: Pregnancy, breastfeeding, individuals sensitive to sedatives, and those with low blood pressure
side_effects: May cause dizziness, headache, or allergic reactions in rare cases
part_used: Rhizomes and roots
harvesting_time: Late summer to early autumn when the plant's rootstock is mature
storage_tips: Store in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight in airtight containers to preserve potency
images: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0b/Nardostachys_jatamansi_01.JPG
related_videos: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RPEYHs0UYs0
description:
Jatamansi is a perennial herbaceous plant known for its fragrant rhizomes and roots. It has been traditionally used in Ayurveda for its calming and sedative properties. The plant features small pink flowers and grows in alpine Himalayas.

growth_habitat:
Found in alpine and subalpine zones at altitudes of 3000 to 5000 meters, prefers rocky terrain and well-drained soil

treatable_conditions:
Anxiety, insomnia, epilepsy, nervous disorders, digestive issues, skin problems, and menstrual irregularities

dosage:
Typical dosage ranges from 250 mg to 1 gram of powder or up to 5 ml of oil per day, depending on the formulation and condition

duration:
Can be used for short-term relief or longer periods under supervision; usually several weeks to a few months

interactions:
Can potentiate sedatives, alcohol, and other CNS depressants; caution with blood-pressure-lowering medications

sources:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4296439/, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nardostachys, https://www.ayurveda.com/health/herbs/jatamansi


name: Karela
scientific_name: Momordica charantia
alternate_names: Bitter Melon, Bitter Gourd, Bitter Cucumber
plant_family: Cucurbitaceae
origin: Likely originated in Africa or Asia, now widely cultivated in Asia, Africa, and the Caribbean.
active_components: Charantin, Momordicin, Vicine, Polypeptide-p, Flavonoids
side_effects: Gastrointestinal discomfort (diarrhea, abdominal pain), hypoglycemia, potential allergic reactions
part_used: Fruit, leaves, seeds
harvesting_time: Fruits are harvested when green and immature; typically 2â€“3 months after flowering
images: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/67/Momordica_charantia_fruit.jpg
related_videos: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9UCyol1VTq8 (Bitter melon health benefits and uses)
description:
Karela is a tropical and subtropical vine of the family Cucurbitaceae, widely grown for its edible fruit, which is extremely bitter. It has a warty exterior and an oblong shape. The fruit is green, turning yellow or orange when ripe.

growth_habitat:
Prefers warm and humid climates; grows best in well-drained soil with full sun exposure. It is a creeping vine that requires support.

treatable_conditions:
Diabetes, digestive disorders, infections, inflammation, skin conditions, and may have potential anticancer properties

preparation_methods:
Usually consumed cooked (stir-fried, boiled, or stuffed); juice is also used medicinally; powdered form used in supplements

dosage:
Varies depending on preparation and condition; typically 50-100 ml of juice daily or 500 mg to 1000 mg of powdered extract with meals

duration:
Treatment duration depends on the condition; often used regularly for weeks to months in diabetes management

contraindications:
Pregnancy and breastfeeding (may cause miscarriage or adverse effects); hypoglycemia-prone individuals should use caution

interactions:
May lower blood sugar; caution with diabetic medications to avoid hypoglycemia; potential interaction with anticoagulants

storage_tips:
Keep fruits in a cool, ventilated place or refrigerate; avoid moisture to prevent spoilage; dried powders stored in airtight containers away from light

sources:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2995283/, https://www.webmd.com/vitamins/ai/ingredientmono-1136/bitter-melon, https://www.britannica.com/plant/bitter-melon


name: Gudmar
scientific_name: Gymnema sylvestre
alternate_names: Gurmar, Meshasringi, Periploca of the woods
plant_family: Apocynaceae
origin: India, Africa, Australia
active_components: Gymnemic acids, gymnemasaponins, flavonoids, tannins
treatable_conditions: Diabetes, obesity, digestive issues, sugar cravings
duration: Long-term use is common in diabetes management; usually used for several weeks to months
part_used: Leaves
harvesting_time: Leaves are typically harvested during dry seasons when mature for maximum potency
storage_tips: Store dried leaves or powdered extract in a cool, dry place away from sunlight to maintain efficacy
related_videos: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=knjOVm1NQcg
description:
Gudmar is a woody climbing shrub native to India and parts of Africa. It is known for its sweet taste suppressing properties, especially useful in managing blood sugar levels. The leaves are used in traditional herbal medicine primarily for diabetes and digestion.

growth_habitat:
Gudmar grows as a woody climber or vine primarily in tropical forests and scrub vegetation. It prefers warm climates.

preparation_methods:
Leaves are dried and powdered; can be made into tea, capsules, or extracts; fresh leaves can be chewed to suppress sweet taste

dosage:
Typically 200-400 mg of standardized extract daily, but varies depending on formulation and individual needs

contraindications:
Pregnancy, breastfeeding, hypoglycemia, people on diabetes medication should consult a healthcare provider

side_effects:
Generally well-tolerated; possible mild nausea, upset stomach, or hypoglycemia if taken with other blood sugar-lowering drugs

interactions:
May enhance the effect of antidiabetic drugs leading to hypoglycemia; caution with other medications affecting blood sugar

images:
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/75/Gymnema_sylvestre_-_KÃ¶hlerâ€“s_Medizinal-Pflanzen-068.jpg

sources:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3739015/, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gymnema_sylvestre, https://www.herbal-supplement-resource.com/gymnema-sylvestre.html


name: Schisandra
scientific_name: Schisandra chinensis
alternate_names: Magnolia Vine, Five-flavor Fruit, Wu Wei Zi
plant_family: Schisandraceae
origin: Northeastern Asia - China, Russia, Korea
active_components: Schisandrins (lignans), essential oils, vitamins C and E, organic acids
treatable_conditions: Fatigue, stress, liver diseases, insomnia, cough, asthma, nocturnal sweating
part_used: Berries (fruit), sometimes leaves and seeds
harvesting_time: Berries harvested in late summer to early autumn when fully ripe and bright red.
images: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/05/Schisandra_berries_in_rain.jpg
related_videos: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q_R0oNcchYs
description:
Schisandra is a deciduous woody vine native to forests of Northern China and the Russian Far East. It produces red berries known for their distinctive combination of five flavors: sweet, sour, salty, bitter, and pungent. Traditionally used in Chinese medicine, Schisandra is considered an adaptogen promoting vitality and endurance.

growth_habitat:
Grows best in temperate forested hillsides and mountainous regions with moist, well-drained, slightly acidic soils; prefers partial shade to full sun.

preparation_methods:
Dried berries can be made into teas, tinctures, powdered extracts, capsules, or used fresh; also included in traditional herbal formulations.

dosage:
Typically 1.5 to 6 grams of dried fruit daily in divided doses; tincture doses vary between 1-3 ml two to three times a day.

duration:
Recommended cycles range from 4 to 6 weeks; some use it intermittently with breaks as per traditional practices.

contraindications:
Pregnancy, breastfeeding, high blood pressure, insomnia (in some individuals), and hypersensitivity to Schisandra.

side_effects:
Rare; may cause heartburn, upset stomach, decreased appetite; high doses could lead to restlessness or insomnia.

interactions:
Possible interactions with sedatives, blood pressure medications, and immunosuppressants; may affect metabolizing enzymes in the liver.

storage_tips:
Store dried berries in airtight containers in a cool, dark, and dry place to preserve potency; avoid moisture and direct sunlight.

sources:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5372825/, https://www.herbalgram.org/resources/herbalgram/issues/88/table-of-contents/herbal-medicine-in-russia/schisandra-chinensis/, https://www.webmd.com/vitamins/ai/ingredientmono-963/schisandra


name: Baikal Skullcap
scientific_name: Scutellaria baicalensis
alternate_names: Chinese Skullcap, Baikal Huang Qin
plant_family: Lamiaceae
origin: Native to the regions of Siberia, China, Mongolia, and the Russian Far East
active_components: Baicalin, baicalein, wogonin, oroxylin A
treatable_conditions: Inflammation, bacterial and viral infections, allergies, cancer, liver conditions, anxiety
preparation_methods: Usually prepared as dried root powder for decoctions, extracts, capsules, or topical applications
contraindications: Pregnancy and breastfeeding women should avoid; caution in people with hormone-sensitive conditions
side_effects: Rare and mild; may include gastrointestinal upset, allergic reactions in sensitive individuals
interactions: May interact with anticoagulants, sedatives, and CYP450 metabolized drugs
part_used: Root
harvesting_time: Roots are typically harvested in autumn after the plant matures 3-4 years
storage_tips: Store dried roots or extracts in a cool, dry place away from light and moisture to preserve potency
images: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5f/Scutellaria_baicalensis_002.JPG
related_videos: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3XhKsmsEH5g
description:
Baikal Skullcap is a perennial flowering plant native to East Asia, characterized by its blue-purple bell-shaped flowers and used extensively in traditional Chinese medicine.

growth_habitat:
Thrives in well-drained, sandy or rocky soils in temperate climates, often found in meadows and slopes

dosage:
Typical dosage ranges from 200 mg to 1000 mg of standardized extract daily, depending on the condition and form

duration:
Used short-term generally between 2 weeks to 3 months, but varies according to condition and medical advice

sources:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5312490/, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scutellaria_baicalensis, https://www.mountaintopherbs.com/baikal-skullcap.html


name: Mullein
scientific_name: Verbascum thapsus
alternate_names: Common Mullein, Great Mullein, Aaron's Rod
plant_family: Scrophulariaceae
origin: Native to Europe, northern Africa, and Asia; now widespread in North America and parts of Australia
active_components: Mucilage, saponins, flavonoids, iridoid glycosides, tannins, essential oils
part_used: Leaves, flowers, occasionally roots
images: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/35/Verbascum_thapsus_5156067.jpg
related_videos: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5OvCxn7VG3g
description:
Mullein is a biennial plant characterized by its tall, erect stems covered with dense, velvety leaves and bright yellow flowers arranged in spikes. It can grow up to 2 meters tall and is often found in disturbed soils and open areas.

growth_habitat:
Prefers sunny, well-drained, disturbed soils such as roadsides, fields, and wastelands; grows best in temperate climates

treatable_conditions:
Respiratory conditions like coughs, bronchitis, asthma; skin conditions such as wounds and inflammation; ear infections; digestive issues

preparation_methods:
Leaves and flowers can be dried for teas and infusions; extracts and tinctures using alcohol or water; oil infusions of flowers; poultices from fresh leaves

dosage:
Typically 1-2 teaspoons of dried leaves or flowers per cup of boiling water for tea; 1-2 ml of tincture 2-3 times daily; oil infusions applied topically as needed

duration:
Used symptomatically or until resolution of condition; long-term use usually avoided due to lack of extensive studies

contraindications:
Not recommended for pregnant or breastfeeding women due to lack of safety data; known allergy to Scrophulariaceae family plants

side_effects:
Generally considered safe; rare allergic skin reactions; possible mild gastrointestinal upset if ingested in large amounts

interactions:
No well-documented drug interactions; caution advised when used alongside other sedatives or anti-inflammatory drugs

harvesting_time:
Leaves harvested during the first year before flowering; flowers collected when in full bloom during the second year

storage_tips:
Store dried plant materials in airtight containers away from light and moisture to preserve potency; keep oils refrigerated

sources:
https://www.medicinalplants.us/mullein.html, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5562107/, https://www.webmd.com/vitamins/ai/ingredientmono-652/mullein


name: Chrysanthemum
scientific_name: Chrysanthemum morifolium
alternate_names: Mum, Chrysanth, Dendranthema
plant_family: Asteraceae
origin: Native to East Asia and Northeastern Europe
active_components: Flavonoids, sesquiterpenes, carotenoids, volatile oils
preparation_methods: Leaves and flowers are dried and used to brew tea; extracts may be used in topical formulations
duration: Typically consumed as needed during symptomatic relief; long-term usage guidelines vary
side_effects: Allergic reactions like skin irritation or respiratory symptoms in sensitive people
interactions: Potential interactions with anticoagulant medications due to blood thinning effects
part_used: Flowers and leaves
harvesting_time: Flowers are harvested during full bloom, typically late summer to fall
images: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Chrysanthemum_indicum_(aka).jpg
related_videos: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5CJ0fSxokp0
description:
Chrysanthemum is a genus of flowering plants popular for their bright and varied blooms, often used in ornamental gardening and floral arrangements. They typically have daisy-like flowers and can range in size and color. These plants are also used traditionally for medicinal purposes and in teas.

growth_habitat:
Chrysanthemums prefer well-drained soils in sunny locations. They are herbaceous perennials that can grow in temperate climates and are often cultivated in gardens and commercially grown for cut flowers.

treatable_conditions:
Used in traditional medicine to help relieve headaches, fever, inflammation, and eye conditions; commonly consumed as chrysanthemum tea to soothe colds and respiratory problems

dosage:
Commonly 2-5 grams of dried flowers steeped in hot water for tea; doses vary by preparation and medical use

contraindications:
May cause allergies in sensitive individuals; caution for people with ragweed or related plant allergies

storage_tips:
Store dried flowers in a cool, dry, and dark place in airtight containers to preserve aroma and medicinal properties

sources:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chrysanthemum; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4848123/; https://www.botanical.com/botanical/mgmh/c/chrcho36.html


name: Catuaba
scientific_name: Erythroxylum catuaba
alternate_names: Trichilia catigua, Catuaba Bark
plant_family: Erythroxylaceae
origin: Brazil, South America
growth_habitat: Tropical forests, thriving in warm humid environments with well-drained soil.
active_components: Alkaloids (such as catuabine), flavonoids, tannins, and phenolic compounds
treatable_conditions: Sexual dysfunction, fatigue, nervous disorders, memory and cognitive support, mild depression
part_used: Bark
storage_tips: Store in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight to preserve active constituents
images: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7b/Erythroxylum_catuaba_leaf.jpg
related_videos: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TYYf95Ji9WI
description:
Catuaba is a medicinal plant traditionally used in Brazil, primarily valued for its purported aphrodisiac and nervous system tonic properties. It typically grows as a small tree or shrub and its bark is used for herbal preparations.

preparation_methods:
Primarily used as a decoction or infusion from the bark; also available in extracts, powders, and capsules

dosage:
Typical oral consumption ranges from 200 mg to 900 mg per day of standardized extract; decoction dosage varies based on preparation

duration:
Effects generally noted within days to weeks of regular use; recommended duration varies depending on condition treated

contraindications:
Pregnancy, breastfeeding, and individuals with hypertension or heart conditions should consult a physician before use

side_effects:
Generally well tolerated, but some may experience mild headache, insomnia, or gastrointestinal upset

interactions:
Potential interaction with CNS stimulants, antidepressants, and blood pressure medications; caution advised

harvesting_time:
Typically harvested during dry season when the concentration of active compounds is higher, but exact timing varies by region

sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12438433/, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5288514/, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catuaba


name: Dong Quai
scientific_name: Angelica sinensis
alternate_names: Female Ginseng, Chinese Angelica, Dang Gui
plant_family: Apiaceae
origin: Native to China, Japan, and Korea
growth_habitat: Grows in cool mountainous regions, often in shaded, moist environments
active_components: Ferulic acid, ligustilide, various polysaccharides, vitamins, and minerals
treatable_conditions: Menstrual cramps, menopausal symptoms, anemia, blood circulation issues, inflammation, fatigue
dosage: Varies by preparation; typically 3-10 grams of dried root in decoction form daily
duration: Used as needed or under herbalist guidance, often for several weeks to months
contraindications: Pregnancy (due to possible uterine stimulation), bleeding disorders, use with blood thinners
side_effects: May cause photosensitivity, gastrointestinal upset, or allergic reactions in some individuals
part_used: Root
harvesting_time: Typically harvested in the autumn after 3-4 years of growth when root is mature
storage_tips: Store dried roots in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight and moisture to maintain potency
images: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Angelica_sinensis_01.JPG
related_videos: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vj6zjz7YfN8
description:
Dong Quai is a traditional Chinese medicinal herb used primarily for women's health. It is a perennial plant with a thick, aromatic root that is often used in herbal medicine. The root has a sweet, warm, and slightly bitter taste and is considered to have blood-nourishing and circulation-improving properties.

preparation_methods:
Roots are typically dried and used as decoctions (boiled in water), powders, tinctures, or extracts in capsules or tablets

interactions:
Can enhance effects of anticoagulants and antiplatelet drugs, possibly increasing bleeding risk; may interact with blood pressure medications

sources:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6683104/, https://www.webmd.com/vitamins/ai/ingredientmono-708/dong-quai, https://www.herbalgram.org/resources/herbalgram/issues/95/table-of-contents/hg95-dong-quai/


name: Jiaogulan
scientific_name: Gynostemma pentaphyllum
alternate_names: Southern Ginseng, Poor Man's Ginseng, Miracle Grass
plant_family: Cucurbitaceae
origin: Southern China, other East Asian regions
active_components: Gypenosides (saponins), flavonoids, polysaccharides, antioxidants
part_used: Leaves
harvesting_time: Leaves are best harvested in late summer to early autumn.
storage_tips: Store dried leaves in a cool, dry, and dark place in airtight containers to preserve potency.
images: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/72/Gynostemma_pentaphyllum.jpg
related_videos: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7Q0VrszKMIQ
description:
Jiaogulan is a climbing vine native to southern China and other parts of East Asia. It is known for its adaptogenic properties and has been used in traditional medicine for centuries. The leaves are rich in saponins, antioxidants, and other bioactive compounds.

growth_habitat:
Jiaogulan typically grows in mountainous regions and forests, preferring shady, well-drained environments.

treatable_conditions:
Cardiovascular health, cholesterol regulation, blood sugar balance, immune support, stress relief, fatigue, inflammation

preparation_methods:
Leaves can be dried and used to make tea, or extracted into tinctures and capsules. Fresh leaves may also be brewed as an herbal infusion.

dosage:
Commonly 3-9 grams of dried leaf daily for tea; supplements vary, typically 200-600 mg of extract per day.

duration:
Usage can be continuous but often recommended in cycles of several weeks to months depending on health goals.

contraindications:
Pregnancy and breastfeeding, individuals on blood thinners or with low blood pressure should consult a healthcare provider before use.

side_effects:
Generally considered safe, but may cause mild digestive upset or dizziness in sensitive individuals.

interactions:
Potential interactions with anticoagulant medications, blood pressure drugs, and diabetes medications.

sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17592136/, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6313443/, https://www.herbalgram.org/herb-profile/jiaogulan/


name: Muira Puama
scientific_name: Ptychopetalum olacoides
alternate_names: Potency Wood, Marapuama, Miura Puama
plant_family: Olacaceae
origin: Amazon rainforest, primarily Brazil and Peru
growth_habitat: Tropical rainforest areas, growing as a shrub or small tree in well-drained soil under canopy shade
active_components: Alkaloids, sterols, tannins, essential oils, flavonoids
treatable_conditions: Sexual dysfunction, nervous disorders, fatigue, stress, memory problems
preparation_methods: Decoction of the root or bark, tinctures, capsules, powders, infusions
dosage: Typically 500 mg to 1500 mg of extract per day; exact dosage varies by preparation
duration: Usage duration varies; often taken for several weeks to months for therapeutic effects
side_effects: Rare but may include gastrointestinal upset or allergic reactions
interactions: Possible interactions with hormone therapies or medications affecting the nervous system
part_used: Root and bark
storage_tips: Store in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight and moisture to preserve potency
images: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7d/Muira_Puama_plant.jpg
related_videos: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4Ool3XoA2Dk
description:
Muira Puama is a small tree or shrub native to the Amazon rainforest. It is traditionally used as an aphrodisiac and nerve tonic. Its wood and roots are often used in herbal medicine preparations.

contraindications:
Pregnancy, breastfeeding, individuals with hormone-sensitive conditions due to potential hormonal activity

harvesting_time:
Roots and bark are typically harvested year-round, but optimal potency is believed to be in the dry season

sources:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4271686/, https://www.herbal-supplement-resource.com/muira-puama.html, https://www.webmd.com/vitamins/ai/ingredientmono-1109/muira-puama


name: Catnip
scientific_name: Nepeta cataria
alternate_names: Catmint, Catswort, Catnep
plant_family: Lamiaceae
origin: Native to Europe and Asia, but now widely naturalized in North America
active_components: Nepetalactone, Nepetalic acid, Nepetalactone oxides, Iridoid terpenes
side_effects: Generally safe in moderate amounts; excessive use may cause headaches or digestive upset
part_used: Leaves, stems, and flowers
storage_tips: Store dried leaves in an airtight container away from light and moisture to preserve potency
images: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/77/Nepeta_cataria_1.jpg
related_videos: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zkZ3_s8vCic
description:
Catnip is a perennial herbaceous plant from the mint family, known for its gray-green leaves and small white or lavender flowers. It is famous for its ability to induce euphoria in cats due to a compound called nepetalactone.

growth_habitat:
Prefers well-drained soil in full sun to partial shade; commonly found in fields, roadsides, and gardens

treatable_conditions:
Used traditionally for mild anxiety, insomnia, digestive issues, and as a mild sedative; also used to repel insects

preparation_methods:
Leaves and stems can be used fresh or dried; commonly prepared as herbal tea, tincture, or essential oil

dosage:
For tea: 1 to 2 teaspoons of dried leaves per 8 ounces of boiling water; for tincture and essential oils, follow product-specific instructions (consultation recommended)

duration:
Effects usually last 10 to 15 minutes when used for cats; medicinal use duration varies depending on preparation and condition treated

contraindications:
Not recommended during pregnancy or breastfeeding; caution advised for individuals with hypotension or on sedatives

interactions:
May enhance effects of sedatives and blood pressure medications; consult healthcare provider before combining

harvesting_time:
Harvest before flowering or during early bloom for best potency, usually in late spring to early summer

sources:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3901239/, https://www.britannica.com/plant/catnip, https://www.webmd.com/vitamins/ai/ingredientmono-797/catnip


name: Olive
scientific_name: Olea europaea
alternate_names: European olive, Common olive, Olive tree
plant_family: Oleaceae
origin: Mediterranean Basin, including parts of Southern Europe, North Africa, and Western Asia
active_components: Oleuropein, Hydroxytyrosol, Tyrosol, Oleic acid, Polyphenols, Flavonoids
contraindications: Allergy to olive products, gallbladder disease may require caution with olive oil intake.
part_used: Fruit (olives), Leaves, Oil extracted from fruit
harvesting_time: Typically harvested from late autumn to early winter depending on region and desired ripeness.
images: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/54/Olea_europaea2.jpg
related_videos: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7b-1K1XvIuE
description:
Olive is a small evergreen tree or shrub native to the Mediterranean region, known for its edible fruit and oil. The tree has gray-green leaves, small white flowers, and produces oval-shaped fruits called olives, which are a staple in Mediterranean cuisine.

growth_habitat:
Grows best in subtropical and Mediterranean climates with hot, dry summers and mild, wet winters. Prefers well-drained, rocky, and calcareous soils.

treatable_conditions:
Cardiovascular diseases, High cholesterol, Hypertension, Inflammation, Oxidative stress-related disorders

preparation_methods:
Olives are cured and fermented to reduce bitterness before consumption, olive oil is extracted by cold pressing the fruit. Extracts and supplements are sometimes prepared from leaves or oil.

dosage:
Varies based on product type; olive oil typically consumed at 1-2 tablespoons per day; olive leaf extracts dosage ranges from 500 mg to 1000 mg daily.

duration:
Long-term use in diet; supplement use duration depends on product and condition, usually several weeks to months.

side_effects:
Generally safe; in large amounts, olive oil may cause gastrointestinal discomfort, allergic reactions are rare.

interactions:
May enhance effects of blood-thinning medications; consult healthcare provider if using anticoagulants or antihypertensives.

storage_tips:
Store olives in a cool, dark place; olive oil should be kept in a sealed container away from light and heat to prevent rancidity.

sources:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6719126/, https://www.britannica.com/plant/olive-tree, https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/266258


name: Valerian Root
scientific_name: Valeriana officinalis
alternate_names: Garden valerian, All-heal, Setwall
plant_family: Caprifoliaceae (formerly Valerianaceae)
origin: Native to Europe and parts of Asia, also cultivated in North America
active_components: Valerenic acid, valepotriates, isovaleric acid, essential oils
treatable_conditions: Insomnia, anxiety, stress, restlessness, headaches, digestive issues related to nervousness
part_used: Root
harvesting_time: Roots are typically harvested in the autumn after the plant has flowered and died back.
related_videos: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7k6qY5Vgw4s
description:
Valerian root is a perennial flowering plant known for its sweetly scented pink or white flowers and is commonly used as an herbal remedy to promote relaxation and sleep. The root, which has a distinctive earthy aroma, has been used historically to relieve stress, anxiety, and insomnia.

growth_habitat:
Prefers moist, grassy habitats such as riverbanks, meadows, and woodland edges; grows in temperate climates.

preparation_methods:
Typically used as dried root for making teas, tinctures, capsules, or extracts. Sometimes used in combination with other herbs for sleep aids.

dosage:
Common dosage ranges from 300 to 600 mg of valerian extract taken 30 minutes to 2 hours before bedtime; teas are prepared with 2 to 3 grams of dried root steeped in hot water.

duration:
May require regular use for up to 2 weeks for full effect; generally not recommended for long-term continuous use without consultation.

contraindications:
Pregnancy and breastfeeding, liver disorders, patients taking sedatives or sleeping pills should consult a healthcare provider before use.

side_effects:
Mild headache, dizziness, upset stomach, vivid dreams; potential for morning grogginess if taken in high doses or late at night.

interactions:
May potentiate the effects of sedatives, alcohol, benzodiazepines, and other CNS depressants; caution advised with medications metabolized by the liver.

storage_tips:
Store dried roots in a cool, dark, and dry place in an airtight container to preserve potency and prevent mold.

images:
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/04/Valeriana_officinalis_-_K%C3%B6hler%E2%80%93s_Medizinal-Pflanzen-139.jpg

sources:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4394901/, https://www.webmd.com/vitamins/ai/ingredientmono-870/valerian, https://www.mayoclinic.org/drugs-supplements-valerian/art-20364672


name: Sarsaparilla
scientific_name: Smilax spp.
alternate_names: Smilax, Jamaican Sarsaparilla, Wild Sarsaparilla
plant_family: Smilacaceae
origin: Native to Central and South America, Southeast Asia, and the Caribbean.
growth_habitat: Grows in tropical and subtropical forests as a climbing vine over shrubs and trees.
active_components: Saponins, flavonoids, plant sterols, tannins, and essential oils.
preparation_methods: Commonly prepared as teas, tinctures, or extracts from the dried root.
duration: Usual treatment duration ranges from a few days to several weeks depending on the ailment.
contraindications: Avoid use in pregnancy, breastfeeding, and in individuals with known allergies to Smilax species.
part_used: Roots and rhizomes
images: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/88/Smilax_aspera_zweig.JPG
related_videos: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ymBVErzHtBQ
description:
Sarsaparilla is a woody, climbing vine known for its fragrant roots. It has heart-shaped leaves and produces small green flowers and berries. Traditionally used in herbal medicine and as a flavoring agent.

treatable_conditions:
Used traditionally to treat syphilis, skin conditions, arthritis, rheumatism, digestive disorders, and to promote general detoxification.

dosage:
Typically 1 to 2 grams of dried root per cup of tea, taken 2 to 3 times daily. Dosage varies depending on preparation and condition treated.

side_effects:
Generally considered safe when used in recommended amounts; potential mild digestive upset or allergic reactions in sensitive individuals.

interactions:
May interact with diuretics and blood pressure medications; consult with a healthcare provider before combining.

harvesting_time:
Roots are typically harvested in the fall or early winter when the plant is dormant for maximum potency.

storage_tips:
Store dried roots in a cool, dry, and dark place in airtight containers to preserve active compounds.

sources:
https://www.herbalgram.org/resources/herbclip/herbclip-news/sarsaparilla-smilax-spp/, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3356942/, https://www.botanical.com/botanical/mgmh/s/sarsap17.html


name: Angelica
scientific_name: Angelica archangelica
alternate_names: Garden angelica, Wild celery, Norwegian angelica
plant_family: Apiaceae
growth_habitat: Grows in damp soil, preferably near rivers or water deposits.
contraindications: May interact with blood-thinning medications like warfarin, increasing bleeding risk.
interactions: Known to interact with anticoagulant drugs, potentially enhancing bleeding risks.
part_used: Roots and stems
harvesting_time: Flowers bloom in July; roots typically harvested in the second year when the plant is mature.
sources: Wikipedia (Angelica archangelica), PubMed, NCBI, and traditional medicinal uses literature
description:
Angelica archangelica is a biennial plant from the Apiaceae family. During its first year, it grows leaves, and in the second year, it can reach 2.5 meters tall with a fluted stem. It has numerous, finely toothed leaflets and produces small yellowish or greenish flowers grouped in large, globular umbels that bear pale yellow, oblong fruits. The roots and sweetly scented edible stems are used. Angelica has a unique aromatic odor, distinct from fennel, parsley, anise, caraway, or chervil, with musk and juniper notes.

origin:
Native wild growth in northern Russia, Finland, Sweden, Norway, Denmark, Greenland, Faroe Islands, and Iceland; cultivated in France (Marais Poitevin region), and commercially sourced from Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, Germany, and Poland.

active_components:
Essential oils composed of low molecular weight compounds, especially terpenoids and oxygenated compounds; contains phthalides and organic acids such as ferulic acid.

treatable_conditions:
Traditionally used for malaria, gynecological diseases, fever, anemia, arthritis, and as flavoring in medicinal liqueurs.

preparation_methods:
Used as dried root, essential oils, candied stems, flavoring in liqueurs (e.g., Chartreuse, BÃ©nÃ©dictine), jams, and culinary dishes.

storage_tips:
Dried roots and candied stems should be stored in airtight containers away from moisture to preserve therapeutic and aromatic qualities.


name: Marshmallow
scientific_name: Althaea officinalis
alternate_names: Common Marshmallow, Althaea, Marsh-mallow plant
plant_family: Malvaceae
origin: Europe, Western Asia, North Africa
active_components: Mucilage, flavonoids, phenolic acids, starch, tannins, polysaccharides
treatable_conditions: Cough, sore throat, digestive issues, inflammation, skin irritations, urinary tract infections
preparation_methods: Decoction, infusion, syrup, poultice, topical ointment
duration: Until symptoms improve; usually several days to a few weeks depending on condition treated
part_used: Root, leaves, and flowers
related_videos: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dCQvZw5NpDk
description:
Marshmallow is a perennial herb native to Europe, Western Asia, and North Africa. It grows up to 1.5 meters tall with hairy, pale green leaves and pale pink or white flowers. Traditionally, it has been used for its soothing properties.

growth_habitat:
Marshmallow grows in marshy, damp environments such as riverbanks, meadows, and marshes; it prefers moist, well-drained soils and full sun to partial shade.

dosage:
Typical oral dosage ranges from 5 to 10 grams of dried root or leaf per day, in divided doses; topical applications vary with preparation

contraindications:
Avoid use if allergic to plants in the Malvaceae family; caution in diabetics due to potential blood sugar effects

side_effects:
Generally well tolerated; may cause allergic reactions or mild gastrointestinal discomfort in some individuals

interactions:
May interfere with absorption of oral medications due to mucilage content; separate administration times from other drugs

harvesting_time:
Roots are best harvested in autumn after two or more years of growth; leaves and flowers collected during flowering season in summer

storage_tips:
Store dried parts in airtight containers away from light and moisture to preserve medicinal properties

images:
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/41/Althaea_officinalis_-_K%C3%B6hler%E2%80%93s_Medizinal-Pflanzen-003.jpg

sources:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6343173/, https://www.herbal-supplement-resource.com/marshmallow-root.html, https://www.britannica.com/plant/marshmallow-plant


name: Horehound
scientific_name: Marrubium vulgare
alternate_names: Common horehound, white horehound, marubio
plant_family: Lamiaceae
origin: Native to Europe, northern Africa, and southwestern and central Asia
active_components: Marrubiin, bitter principles, tannins, volatile oils, flavonoids
treatable_conditions: Coughs, bronchitis, asthma, indigestion, colds, sore throat, digestive disorders
preparation_methods: Used as teas, syrups, tinctures, lozenges, or capsules
contraindications: Pregnancy, bleeding disorders, and conditions requiring caution with bitter herbs
part_used: Aerial parts including leaves and flowers
harvesting_time: Typically harvested during flowering season in late spring to early summer
storage_tips: Store dried herbs in airtight containers in a cool, dark, and dry place to preserve potency
images: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4e/Marrubium_vulgare_plant.jpg
related_videos: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YX0k0rBdvl0
description:
Horehound is a perennial herb known for its wrinkled, hairy leaves and white to pale pink flowers. It has a bitter taste and has been traditionally used for medicinal purposes, especially for respiratory ailments.

growth_habitat:
Prefers dry, sandy, or rocky soils, often found in meadows, roadsides, and fields; grows as a low shrub or herbaceous plant

dosage:
Typical dosage varies from 300 to 500 mg of dried herb extract three times daily; tea made from 1 to 2 teaspoons of dried leaves per cup, 2 to 3 times daily

duration:
Use is typically short-term, around 1-2 weeks for acute conditions, unless advised differently by a healthcare provider

side_effects:
Generally safe but can cause mild gastrointestinal discomfort or allergic reactions in sensitive individuals

interactions:
May interact with anticoagulants or antiplatelet drugs due to mild blood-thinning effects; consult healthcare provider before use

sources:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK547691/, https://www.webmd.com/vitamins/ai/ingredientmono-959/horehound, https://www.medicinalplants-uses.com/herbs/horehound.html


name: Coltsfoot
scientific_name: Tussilago farfara
alternate_names: Foalfoot, Coughwort, Horse Hoof, Coltsfoot Tussilago
plant_family: Asteraceae
origin: Native to Europe and parts of Asia; naturalized in North America
treatable_conditions: Coughs, bronchitis, asthma, laryngitis, and other respiratory tract ailments
part_used: Leaves and flowers
images: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/54/Tussilago_farfara_01.jpg
related_videos: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QF1L7KCbIOE
description:
Coltsfoot is a perennial herbaceous plant with bright yellow flowers that resemble dandelions. It blooms in early spring before the leaves fully develop. The large, hoof-shaped leaves appear later and have a fuzzy underside. Traditionally used for respiratory ailments.

growth_habitat:
Commonly found in disturbed soils, roadsides, fields, and along riverbanks; prefers moist, clay-rich soils.

active_components:
Tussilagine, mucilage, flavonoids, alkaloids (including pyrrolizidine alkaloids), glycosides, essential oils

preparation_methods:
Traditionally prepared as a tea from dried leaves or flowers, syrups, tinctures, or topical poultices

dosage:
Typically, 1 to 2 grams of dried herb infused in a cup of hot water taken two to three times daily; exact dosages vary with preparation and product

duration:
Short-term use recommended, often up to 2 weeks; prolonged use not advised due to potential toxicity

contraindications:
Avoid in pregnancy and breastfeeding; should not be used with pre-existing liver conditions or by individuals sensitive to pyrrolizidine alkaloids

side_effects:
Potential liver toxicity if used in high doses or for prolonged periods; allergic skin reactions possible

interactions:
May interact with hepatotoxic drugs or substances; caution needed when used with other compounds metabolized by the liver

harvesting_time:
Flowers harvested early spring before leaves fully appear; leaves collected later in spring or early summer

storage_tips:
Store dried parts in airtight containers, away from moisture, heat, and direct sunlight to preserve potency

sources:
https://www.britannica.com/plant/coltsfoot; https://www.wsmbg.org/uploads/3/7/9/0/37907223/coltsfoot.pdf; https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23401977/


name: Boneset
scientific_name: Eupatorium perfoliatum
alternate_names: Thoroughwort, Indian Sage, Crosswort
plant_family: Asteraceae
origin: Native to eastern and central North America
active_components: Contains alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, sesquiterpene lactones, and volatile oils
part_used: Leaves and flowering tops
harvesting_time: Harvested during flowering in late summer to early fall
images: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/22/Eupatorium_perfoliatum_01.jpg
related_videos: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9WlScF7VYq8
description:
Boneset is a perennial herb native to North America, known for its clusters of small white flowers and toothed leaves that appear to be pierced by the stem. Traditionally used by Native Americans and herbalists for its medicinal properties.

growth_habitat:
Prefers moist, rich soils in meadows, low woods, and along stream banks; typically found in temperate climates.

treatable_conditions:
Common cold, flu, fever, inflammation, digestive issues, influenza symptoms, and mild respiratory infections

preparation_methods:
Commonly prepared as a tea or infusion from dried leaves and flowering tops; can also be used in tincture form.

dosage:
Traditionally, 1 to 2 teaspoons of dried herb per cup of boiling water, steeped for 10-15 minutes; taken up to 3 times daily.

duration:
Used during the acute phase of illness, typically for 3 to 7 days; not recommended for long-term use without professional guidance.

contraindications:
Should be avoided by pregnant and breastfeeding women, individuals with liver or kidney disorders, and people allergic to Asteraceae family plants.

side_effects:
May cause nausea, vomiting, or allergic reactions in sensitive individuals if taken in large amounts.

interactions:
Potential interactions with blood thinners or anti-inflammatory medications; consult a healthcare provider before combining.

storage_tips:
Dried herbs should be stored in airtight containers away from light and moisture to preserve potency.

sources:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK92757/, https://www.webmd.com/vitamins/ai/ingredientmono-856/boneset, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eupatorium_perfoliatum


name: Blessed Thistle
scientific_name: Cnicus benedictus
alternate_names: Holy Thistle, Spotted Thistle, Blessed Milk Thistle
plant_family: Asteraceae
origin: Mediterranean region
growth_habitat: Grows in dry fields, roadsides, and disturbed areas; prefers full sun and well-drained soil.
active_components: Cnicin, flavonoids, essential oils, alkaloids, bitter glycosides
preparation_methods: Used as dried herb in teas or tinctures, extracts, capsules, and powders
side_effects: Mild allergic reactions such as skin rash or digestive upset in sensitive individuals
part_used: Aerial parts - leaves, flowers, and stems
harvesting_time: Typically harvested during flowering period, late spring to early summer
storage_tips: Store dried herb in a cool, dark, and dry place in airtight containers to preserve potency
images: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/77/Cnicus_benedictus_02.JPG
related_videos: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HXZ6qPSdDP4
description:
Blessed Thistle is an annual plant with spiny leaves and yellow flowers resembling a small thistle. It has a bitter taste and has been traditionally used for its medicinal properties, particularly in digestive health and lactation support.

treatable_conditions:
Indigestion, loss of appetite, digestive complaints, lactation issues, gallbladder problems, infections

dosage:
Typically 2-4 grams of dried herb in tea form three times daily; tincture doses vary, often 1-3 ml three times daily

duration:
Short-term use generally recommended; up to several weeks depending on condition and practitioner advice

contraindications:
Not recommended during pregnancy or breastfeeding without medical supervision; allergy to Asteraceae family

interactions:
May interact with medications metabolized by the liver; caution with blood thinners and diabetes medications

sources:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4070855/, https://www.herbalgram.org/resources/herbalgram/issues/volume-15-issue-4/benedictus-blessed-thistle/, https://www.mskcc.org/cancer-care/integration/herbs/cnicus-benedictus


name: Blue Vervain
scientific_name: Verbena hastata
alternate_names: Swamp Verbena, Wild Hyssop, Blue Verbena
plant_family: Verbenaceae
origin: Native to North America, particularly found in wet habitats across the United States and Canada.
growth_habitat: Prefers moist to wet soils, commonly found in marshes, stream banks, and damp meadows.
active_components: Iridoid glycosides (verbenalin, hastatoside), flavonoids, tannins, volatile oils
treatable_conditions: Anxiety, insomnia, digestive issues, cold symptoms, menstrual cramps, inflammation
duration: Used intermittently as needed; for chronic use, consult a healthcare provider.
side_effects: Rare but may include mild stomach upset or allergic reactions in sensitive individuals.
part_used: Leaves and flowering tops
harvesting_time: Typically harvested in mid to late summer when the plant is in full bloom.
images: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/16/Verbena_hastata_001.JPG
related_videos: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iPBNzYyMyR4
description:
Blue Vervain is a perennial flowering plant characterized by its tall, slender spikes of small blue to purple flowers. It typically grows in moist areas such as wetlands and along riverbanks.

preparation_methods:
Typically prepared as a tea or infusion using leaves and flowering tops; can also be made into tinctures or extracts.

dosage:
Commonly 1-2 teaspoons of dried herb per cup of boiling water, consumed 2-3 times daily; tincture dosages vary between 1-4 ml 2-3 times daily.

contraindications:
Not recommended during pregnancy or breastfeeding; avoid if allergic to plants in the Verbenaceae family.

interactions:
May interact with sedatives or medications affecting the central nervous system, potentiating their effects.

storage_tips:
Dried herb should be stored in an airtight container away from light and moisture to preserve potency.

sources:
https://www.drugs.com/npp/blue-vervain.html, https://www.webmd.com/vitamins/ai/ingredientmono-719/blue-vervain, https://www.herbalgram.org/resources/herbalgram/issues/volume-14-3/herbalgrams-14-3-pg-52-65/


name: Wild Cherry Bark
scientific_name: Prunus serotina
alternate_names: Black Cherry, Rum Cherry, Cherry Bark
plant_family: Rosaceae
origin: Native to North America, particularly eastern and central United States and Canada
growth_habitat: Deciduous forests, thriving in full sun to partial shade with well-drained soil
active_components: Cyanogenic glycosides (amygdalin), tannins, volatile oils, flavonoids
treatable_conditions: Coughs, bronchitis, asthma, whooping cough, throat irritations, mild respiratory infections
preparation_methods: Tea/infusion made from dried bark, syrup formulations, tinctures, extracts
duration: Short-term use recommended, usually up to 1-2 weeks to avoid potential toxicity
side_effects: Possible nausea, dizziness, headache if consumed in high doses due to cyanogenic compounds
part_used: Inner bark
harvesting_time: Bark is best harvested in spring or early summer when sap flow is high
storage_tips: Store dried bark in a cool, dark, and dry place in an airtight container to preserve potency
images: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2a/Prunus_serotina_Bark.jpg
related_videos: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1E4m7vRdT2M
description:
Wild Cherry Bark is the dried bark of the black cherry tree. It is traditionally used for its expectorant and sedative properties. The bark is reddish-brown with a bitter taste and contains compounds beneficial for respiratory health.

dosage:
Typical adult dosage ranges from 2 to 6 grams of dried bark per day; syrup dosages vary per product; consult product label or healthcare professional

contraindications:
Not recommended for pregnant or breastfeeding women; avoid use with children under two years old; contraindicated in individuals with cyanide sensitivity or allergy to cherry or rose family plants

interactions:
May interact with CNS depressants and sedatives; caution advised when combined with other cough medications

sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK92773/; https://www.herbalgram.org/herbclip/herbclip-news/wild-cherry-bark/; https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prunus_serotina


name: Yerba Mate
scientific_name: Ilex paraguariensis
alternate_names: Mate, Paraguayan tea, Jesuit tea
plant_family: Aquifoliaceae
growth_habitat: Evergreen tree or shrub growing in subtropical forests with high humidity and well-drained soils.
active_components: Caffeine, theobromine, theophylline, polyphenols, saponins, and antioxidants.
duration: Consumption can be daily; moderation advised to avoid excessive caffeine intake.
part_used: Leaves and young stems
harvesting_time: Leaves are typically harvested once or twice a year, often in the spring and early summer months.
description:
Yerba Mate is a traditional South American beverage made from the dried leaves and stems of the Ilex paraguariensis plant. It is known for its stimulating effects due to caffeine content and is commonly consumed in countries such as Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay.

origin:
Native to subtropical South America, particularly in Paraguay, southern Brazil, Argentina, and Uruguay.

treatable_conditions:
Used traditionally to enhance mental focus, boost energy, aid weight loss, improve digestion, and support cardiovascular health.

preparation_methods:
Leaves are dried, chopped, and often aged before being brewed in hot water; traditionally consumed through a gourd (mate) using a metal straw (bombilla).

dosage:
Varies; typically 50-100 grams of dried leaves per serving; commonly consumed multiple times daily in South American cultures.

contraindications:
Not recommended for individuals sensitive to caffeine, pregnant or breastfeeding women, and people with hypertension or heart conditions without medical advice.

side_effects:
May cause insomnia, nervousness, increased heart rate, or digestive issues in sensitive individuals.

interactions:
Can interact with stimulants, certain medications such as blood thinners, and may affect absorption of some nutrients.

storage_tips:
Dried leaves should be stored in airtight containers away from moisture, heat, and direct sunlight to preserve flavor and potency.

sources:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6199101/, https://www.britannica.com/topic/yerba-mate, https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/yerba-mate


name: Myrrh
scientific_name: Commiphora myrrha
alternate_names: Commiphora molmol, Gum Myrrh
plant_family: Burseraceae
origin: Native to the Arabian Peninsula and northeastern Africa, especially Somalia, Eritrea, and Yemen.
growth_habitat: Grows in arid, rocky, and semi-desert environments, typically in dry scrublands and hills.
active_components: Contains volatile oils (such as sesquiterpenes), resin, terpenoids, and commiphoric acids.
preparation_methods: Commonly used as dried resin pieces, powdered form, tinctures, essential oil, or as incense.
duration: Depends on condition treated; short-term use typical, but duration varies widely among sources.
interactions: May interact with anticoagulant medications; exact interactions are not well documented.
part_used: Resin extracted from the bark of the Commiphora myrrha tree.
harvesting_time: Resin is typically harvested during dry seasons by tapping the bark.
related_videos: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=htuvHL7UVjA
description:
Myrrh is a resin extracted from the tree Commiphora myrrha, traditionally used as a fragrance, in religious ceremonies, and for its medicinal properties. It appears as a reddish-brown resin with a distinctive aromatic scent.

treatable_conditions:
Used traditionally for digestive issues, oral infections, inflammation, wound healing, arthritis, cough, and as an antimicrobial agent.

dosage:
Dosage varies depending on preparation; for tinctures, typically 2-4 ml up to three times daily; resin chewing or topical application varies by traditional practice.

contraindications:
Should be avoided during pregnancy due to potential uterine stimulation; caution advised in people with allergies to resins.

side_effects:
May cause allergic reactions, skin irritation, gastrointestinal discomfort if ingested in large amounts.

storage_tips:
Store resin in a cool, dry, airtight container away from direct sunlight to preserve aroma and potency.

images:
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Commiphora_myrrha_-_Myrrhe_-_Myrrhebaum.jpg/640px-Commiphora_myrrha_-_Myrrhe_-_Myrrhebaum.jpg

sources:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3573577/, https://www.britannica.com/plant/myrrh, https://www.webmd.com/vitamins/ai/ingredientmono-878/myrrh


name: Mugwort
scientific_name: Artemisia vulgaris
alternate_names: Common mugwort, Sailor's tobacco, Felon herb
plant_family: Asteraceae
origin: Europe, Asia, North Africa
active_components: Essential oils (cineole, thujone), flavonoids, sesquiterpene lactones, tannins
treatable_conditions: Digestive issues, menstrual problems, anxiety, worm infestations, asthma, allergic rhinitis
preparation_methods: Decoction, infusion, tincture, topical application of extracts
contraindications: Pregnancy and breastfeeding, allergy to Asteraceae family, epilepsy
side_effects: Possible allergic reactions, nausea, vomiting, headaches, dizziness
interactions: May interact with sedatives, anticonvulsants, and medications metabolized by the liver enzymes
part_used: Leaves, flowering tops
harvesting_time: Harvest during flowering period, typically mid to late summer
storage_tips: Store dried leaves in airtight containers away from light and moisture to preserve potency
images: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/87/Artemisia_vulgaris_002.JPG
related_videos: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VJ-NyWhbAOE
description:
Mugwort is a perennial plant native to Europe, Asia, and North Africa, known for its aromatic leaves and traditional medicinal uses.

growth_habitat:
Mugwort commonly grows in temperate regions, thriving in disturbed soils, roadsides, fields, and waste areas.

dosage:
Typically, 1-2 grams of dried herb as an infusion, or 2-4 ml tincture thrice daily; dosage varies with preparation and use.

duration:
Use generally limited to short periods (few weeks) to avoid toxicity; specific durations depend on condition treated.

sources:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6485443/, https://www.herbalgram.org/resources/herbalgram/issues/116/table-of-contents/hg116-herbal-bioactives/, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artemisia_vulgaris


name: Poke Root
scientific_name: Phytolacca americana
alternate_names: American pokeweed, poke, pigeonberry, inkberry
plant_family: Phytolaccaceae
origin: Native to eastern North America
active_components: Saponins (phytolaccatoxin), alkaloids, phytolaccigenin, phytolaccatoxin, and triterpenoid saponins
part_used: Root, leaves, and berries (though berries are toxic if ingested raw).
harvesting_time: Roots are typically harvested in late fall or early spring when the plant is dormant.
related_videos: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2ueHTA_eqUg
description:
Poke Root is a perennial plant native to North America, known for its distinctive clusters of dark purple berries and large leaves. It has been traditionally used in herbal medicine but contains toxic components if not prepared properly.

growth_habitat:
Grows in disturbed areas, fields, roadsides, and open woods; prefers well-drained soil and full sun to partial shade.

treatable_conditions:
Traditionally used for inflammation, joint pain, skin diseases, lymphatic system support, and as a purgative; however, its use is controversial due to toxicity.

preparation_methods:
Roots are often dried and made into teas or tinctures; proper preparation requires careful drying and dosage control to avoid toxicity.

dosage:
Highly variable and must be approached with caution; typically very small doses in tincture form; should only be used under professional guidance.

contraindications:
Pregnancy, breastfeeding, children, and individuals with sensitive digestive systems; avoid due to potential toxicity.

side_effects:
Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, respiratory distress, and in severe cases, death if ingested in large amounts.

interactions:
May interact with medications metabolized by the liver; potential to enhance effects of other purgatives or laxatives.

storage_tips:
Dry roots thoroughly and store in a cool, dark, and dry place to prevent mold and degradation of active compounds.

images:
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3e/Phytolacca_americana_-_flowering_-_2012-07-28_09-54-51_5614.jpg

sources:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK547851/, https://www.britannica.com/plant/pokeweed, https://www.herbal-supplement-resource.com/pokeweed.html


name: Prickly Ash
scientific_name: Zanthoxylum americanum
alternate_names: Northern prickly ash, Toothache tree, Yellow wood
plant_family: Rutaceae
origin: Native to North America, primarily found in the eastern United States and Canada.
active_components: Alkaloids (such as benzophenanthridine alkaloids), essential oils, flavonoids, tannins
duration: Usually used on a short-term basis; prolonged use is not commonly documented.
part_used: Bark, berries, sometimes leaves
images: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/19/Zanthoxylum_americanum_03.jpg
related_videos: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JMWwV7OVx5I
description:
Prickly Ash is a deciduous shrub or small tree known for its thorny branches and aromatic qualities. It grows up to 3-5 meters tall and bears small clusters of greenish-yellow flowers followed by small red to black fruit. Its bark and leaves have been traditionally used for medicinal purposes.

growth_habitat:
Typically grows in rocky or sandy soils, forest edges, and clearings. It thrives in well-drained soils and full to partial sunlight.

treatable_conditions:
Used traditionally for toothaches, digestive issues, circulatory problems, rheumatism, and as a stimulant to improve blood flow.

preparation_methods:
The bark and berries are commonly dried and made into teas, tinctures, or poultices. The bark can also be chewed to relieve toothache pain.

dosage:
Typical dosage varies; tea made from 1 teaspoon of the bark or berries steeped in hot water 2-3 times daily is common in folk medicinal use. Tincture dosages usually range from 1-3 ml three times daily.

contraindications:
Not recommended for pregnant or breastfeeding women, and individuals with allergies to plants in the Rutaceae family should avoid use.

side_effects:
Potential for allergic skin reactions; may cause irritation if applied directly without dilution; excessive intake may lead to gastrointestinal upset.

interactions:
May interact with blood thinners or medications affecting blood pressure due to its circulatory effects.

harvesting_time:
Bark is typically harvested in late spring or early summer; berries are harvested when ripe in late summer to early fall.

storage_tips:
Store dried bark and berries in airtight containers away from direct sunlight and moisture to preserve potency.

sources:
https://www.botanical.com/botanical/mgmh/p/prickl20.html, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6540468/, https://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/PlantFinder/PlantFinderDetails.aspx?kempercode=a169


name: Rhubarb Root
scientific_name: Rheum officinale
alternate_names: Chinese Rhubarb, Garden Rhubarb, Rhubarb
plant_family: Polygonaceae
origin: Native to China and Tibet
growth_habitat: Grows in temperate regions, usually in mountainous areas with moist, well-drained soil.
active_components: Anthraquinones (emodin, rhein), tannins, stilbenes, and other polyphenols
treatable_conditions: Constipation, digestive disorders, inflammation, liver diseases, and certain infections
preparation_methods: Dried root slices are boiled to make decoctions or used in powdered form for capsules and tablets.
side_effects: Abdominal cramps, diarrhea, electrolyte imbalance if overused, possible allergic reactions.
interactions: May interact with diuretics, heart medications, and drugs affecting electrolyte balance.
part_used: Root
harvesting_time: Roots are usually harvested in autumn when the concentration of active compounds is highest.
storage_tips: Store dried roots in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight to prevent degradation.
related_videos: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6ZzQ6oF64IU
description:
Rhubarb root is the thick, fibrous root of the Rheum officinale plant, traditionally used in Chinese medicine. It has a strong, bitter taste and is known for its laxative and purgative properties.

dosage:
Typically 3-9 grams of dried root per day in decoction form; dosage varies depending on preparation and condition treated.

duration:
Short-term use recommended, generally not exceeding one to two weeks to avoid dependency or irritation.

contraindications:
Pregnancy, breastfeeding, intestinal obstruction, inflammatory bowel conditions, and children under 12.

images:
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Rheum_officinale11.jpg/800px-Rheum_officinale11.jpg

sources:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6313441/, https://www.herbalgram.org/resources/herbalgram/issues/108/table-of-contents/hg108-rhubarb/, https://www.webmd.com/vitamins/ai/ingredientmono-1216/rhubarb


name: Solomonâ€™s Seal
scientific_name: Polygonatum spp.
alternate_names: David's Harp, Sealwort, Loddon Lily
plant_family: Asparagaceae
origin: Native to temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere, including North America, Europe, and Asia.
active_components: Saponins, asparagine, polygonatins, mucilage, antioxidants.
preparation_methods: Common preparations include decoctions, infusions, poultices, and tinctures made from the roots.
side_effects: Rare but may include gastrointestinal upset or allergic reactions in sensitive individuals.
part_used: Rhizomes (underground stems) and roots primarily.
images: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/74/Polygonatum_multiflorum_001.JPG
related_videos: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dQw4w9WgXcQ
description:
Solomonâ€™s Seal is a perennial herbaceous plant known for its arching stems, bell-shaped flowers, and creeping rhizomes. It typically features green to bluish-green leaves arranged alternately along the stems and produces small, tubular, creamy white to greenish flowers hanging beneath the stems.

growth_habitat:
Prefers shaded and woodland environments with moist, well-drained soil. It often grows under trees or in forest understories.

treatable_conditions:
Used traditionally for joint pain, inflammation, bruises, respiratory ailments, digestive issues, and skin wounds.

dosage:
Typically, decoctions made from 2-4 grams of dried root taken two to three times daily; exact dosage varies depending on preparation and condition treated.

duration:
Treatment duration depends on ailment; commonly used for a few weeks to months based on traditional use guidelines.

contraindications:
Avoid use during pregnancy and breastfeeding due to limited safety data; not recommended for people with known allergies to related plants.

interactions:
No well-documented drug interactions; caution advised when combining with other herbs or medications affecting blood pressure or blood sugar.

harvesting_time:
Roots typically harvested in late fall after foliage dies back or early spring before new growth starts.

storage_tips:
Dried roots should be stored in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight in airtight containers to preserve potency.

sources:
https://plants.usda.gov/home/plantProfile?symbol=POMU4, https://www.botanical.com/botanical/mgmh/s/solomo12.html, https://www.herbal-supplement-resource.com/solomons-seal.html, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polygonatum


name: Spikenard
scientific_name: Nardostachys jatamansi
alternate_names: Jatamansi, Indian Spikenard, Muskroot
plant_family: Caprifoliaceae
origin: Himalayan region of Nepal, India, and China
active_components: Nardostachysin, jatamansone (valeranone), nardosinone, sesquiterpenes, essential oils
interactions: May potentiate sedatives, CNS depressants, and blood pressure lowering medications.
part_used: Rhizome (root)
harvesting_time: Collected in late autumn when oil content is highest (September to November).
related_videos: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KjLVk2jFHzI - Overview of Spikenard Plant and Uses
description:
Spikenard is a perennial flowering plant known for its aromatic rhizomes. It grows in the Himalayas and has been used traditionally in Ayurveda and other systems of medicine. The plant produces essential oils valued for calming and therapeutic effects.

growth_habitat:
Mountainous regions at altitudes of 3,000 to 5,000 meters, prefers cool temperate climates with rocky and stony soil.

treatable_conditions:
Anxiety, insomnia, digestive problems, epilepsy, skin conditions, inflammation, wounds, and infections

preparation_methods:
Rhizomes are collected, dried, and then distilled to extract essential oils; also used as powders, tinctures, and decoctions.

dosage:
Varies by preparation; typically, 1-3 grams of dried root powder daily or 2-3 drops of essential oil diluted in carrier oil for topical use.

duration:
Depends on condition treated; generally, longer use is guided by practitioner advice; not recommended for prolonged use without supervision.

contraindications:
Pregnant or breastfeeding women should avoid use; those with allergies to Valerianaceae family plants; caution in those with low blood pressure.

side_effects:
Possible allergic reactions, dizziness, headache, or sedation especially with high doses or prolonged use.

storage_tips:
Store dried rhizomes or essential oil in airtight, dark containers away from heat and moisture to preserve potency.

images:
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Nardostachys_jatamansi_-_KÃ¶hlerâ€“s_Medizinal-Pflanzen-183.jpg/800px-Nardostachys_jatamansi_-_KÃ¶hlerâ€“s_Medizinal-Pflanzen-183.jpg

sources:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nardostachys_jatamansi, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3912259/, https://www.herbal-supplement-resource.com/spikenard.html


name: Yellowroot
scientific_name: Xanthorhiza simplicissima
alternate_names: Yellow-root, Yellow root, Ground Holley
plant_family: Ranunculaceae
origin: Eastern United States
growth_habitat: Woodlands, shaded slopes, and along streams
active_components: Berberine, alkaloids
treatable_conditions: Digestive disorders, infections, inflammation, liver problems
preparation_methods: Roots are typically dried and ground to make teas, tinctures, or extracts
dosage: Commonly taken as 1 to 3 grams of dried root per day in tea form; tincture dosages vary
contraindications: Pregnancy and breastfeeding, liver disease, taking medications metabolized by the liver
side_effects: If overdosed, may cause nausea, vomiting, or gastrointestinal upset
interactions: May interact with blood thinners, antiplatelet drugs, and drugs processed by the liver
part_used: Roots
harvesting_time: Roots are best harvested in the fall or early spring when alkaloid content is highest
storage_tips: Store dried roots in a cool, dry place in an airtight container away from sunlight
images: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/86/Xanthorhiza_simplicissima.jpg
related_videos: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=example_yellowroot_medicinal_use
description:
Yellowroot is a deciduous shrub native to the eastern United States, known for its bright yellow roots which contain berberine. It grows in woodland habitats and is used traditionally for its medicinal properties.

duration:
Used until symptoms improve, generally not recommended for prolonged continuous use without professional guidance

sources:
https://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/plants/shrub/xansim/all.html, https://www.herbal-supplement-resource.com/yellowroot.html, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xanthorhiza_simplicissima


name: Zedoary
scientific_name: Curcuma zedoaria
alternate_names: White turmeric, Kachur, Temu putih
plant_family: Zingiberaceae
origin: South and Southeast Asia, particularly India and Indonesia
active_components: Curcumin, essential oils (such as cineole), starch, resin, and bitter principles
duration: Depends on the condition treated; commonly used for 2 to 4 weeks in traditional remedies
part_used: Rhizome
harvesting_time: Typically harvested 7 to 9 months after planting when rhizomes mature and leaves start to yellow
description:
Zedoary is a perennial herbaceous plant belonging to the ginger family. It has aromatic rhizomes that are white inside with a distinctive fragrance and a bitter taste. Traditionally used in herbal medicine and as a spice in some cuisines.

growth_habitat:
Thrives in tropical and subtropical climates; prefers well-drained, fertile soils with partial shade; typically grown in gardens and fields at altitudes up to 1500 meters.

treatable_conditions:
Digestive disorders, inflammation, menstrual problems, skin diseases, respiratory issues, and used as an antimicrobial and anti-cancer agent in ethnomedicine

preparation_methods:
Rhizomes are dried and powdered for medicinal use; can be decocted, used in tinctures, or applied topically; also used fresh or dried as a spice

dosage:
Typically 3 to 6 grams of dried powder daily, but dosage varies with condition and preparation; consult a herbalist for specific regimens

contraindications:
Pregnancy and breastfeeding due to lack of safety data; individuals with gallstones or bile duct obstruction should avoid use

side_effects:
Generally well tolerated; may cause mild gastrointestinal upset or allergic reactions in sensitive individuals

interactions:
May interact with blood thinners, antiplatelet drugs, and medications metabolized by the liver; caution advised for those on such treatments

storage_tips:
Dried rhizomes or powder should be stored in airtight containers in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight to preserve potency

sources:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5391194/, https://www.herbalgram.org/resources/herbmedpro/zedoary/, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curcuma_zedoaria


name: Oregon Grape
scientific_name: Mahonia aquifolium
alternate_names: Tall Oregon Grape, Holly Grape
plant_family: Berberidaceae
active_components: Berberine, berbamine, oxyacanthine, tannins, and other alkaloids
preparation_methods: Root extracts are commonly prepared as tinctures, teas, or topical ointments.
duration: Treatment duration can vary from weeks to months depending on condition and response.
side_effects: Possible gastrointestinal upset, allergic reactions, or photosensitivity in some individuals.
part_used: Primarily the root and root bark.
harvesting_time: Roots are typically harvested in the fall when alkaloid concentration is highest.
storage_tips: Store dried roots or extracts in a cool, dark, and dry place to preserve potency.
images: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8e/Mahonia_aquifolium.jpg
related_videos: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qy4HCkLskcA
description:
Oregon Grape is an evergreen shrub with holly-like leaves, yellow flowers, and dark purple berries. It is known for its bright yellow roots and is often used for ornamental and medicinal purposes.

origin:
Native to the Pacific Northwest region of North America, including parts of the United States and Canada.

growth_habitat:
Thrives in forest understories, woodlands, and shaded areas with well-drained soil. It grows as a shrub typically reaching 1 to 3 meters in height.

treatable_conditions:
Used traditionally to treat skin conditions like psoriasis and eczema, digestive issues, infections, and inflammation.

dosage:
Typical oral dosage varies; for tinctures, often around 20-30 drops 2-3 times daily. Topical application depends on product concentration.

contraindications:
Not recommended during pregnancy or breastfeeding without medical advice; avoid if allergic to Berberidaceae family plants.

interactions:
May interact with medications metabolized by the liver, such as cyclosporine, blood pressure drugs, or anticoagulants.

sources:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahonia_aquifolium, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3249911/, https://www.herbalgram.org/resources/herbmedpro/herb-list/m/oregon-grape/


name: Mugwort
scientific_name: Artemisia vulgaris
alternate_names: Common mugwort, Felon herb, Chrysanthemum weed
plant_family: Asteraceae
origin: Native to temperate regions of Europe, Asia, and North Africa; naturalized in North America
preparation_methods: Typically prepared as teas, tinctures, essential oils, or smoke for moxibustion therapy
duration: Usually used short-term for acute symptoms; chronic use should be monitored by a practitioner
side_effects: May cause allergic reactions or contact dermatitis; high doses can be neurotoxic owing to thujone
part_used: Leaves and flowering tops
harvesting_time: Leaves and tops harvested at flowering stage, typically mid to late summer
storage_tips: Store dried plant material in airtight containers, away from light and moisture to preserve potency
images: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3e/Artemisia_vulgaris1.jpg
related_videos: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8uZeyyx7mEk
description:
Artemisia vulgaris is a hardy perennial herb known for its aromatic leaves with a bitter taste. It can grow up to 1.5 meters tall, displaying deeply lobed dark green leaves with whitish undersides and small clustered yellow or reddish-brown flowers.

growth_habitat:
Grows in a variety of habitats including roadsides, waste places, fields, and forest edges; prefers well-drained soils and sunny locations

active_components:
Contains essential oils (cineole, camphor, thujone), flavonoids, sesquiterpene lactones, and bitter principles

treatable_conditions:
Used traditionally for digestive disorders, menstrual problems, as a nervine, and for stimulating appetite; also used in moxibustion in traditional Chinese medicine

dosage:
Common dosage varies depending on preparation; for teas, 1-2 grams of dried herb infused in hot water, taken 2-3 times daily; tincture doses usually range from 2-4 ml thrice daily

contraindications:
Not recommended during pregnancy due to uterine stimulation; caution advised in epilepsy or seizures due to thujone content

interactions:
May interact with sedatives and anticonvulsant medications; potential interaction with drugs metabolized by the liver

sources:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5315030/, https://www.herbal-supplement-resource.com/mugwort.html, https://www.wildflower.org/plants/result.php?id_plant=ARVU


name: Wormwood
scientific_name: Artemisia absinthium
alternate_names: Absinthe wormwood, Green ginger, Grand wormwood
plant_family: Asteraceae
origin: Native to Europe, Northern Africa, and Western Asia
active_components: Thujone, absinthin, anabsinthin, flavonoids, essential oils
treatable_conditions: Digestive disorders, loss of appetite, intestinal worms, fever, and inflammation
duration: Short-term use recommended; generally not advised for prolonged use beyond 4 to 6 weeks
side_effects: Nausea, vomiting, restlessness, seizures (in high doses), allergic reactions
interactions: May interact with anticonvulsant drugs and medications affecting the central nervous system
part_used: Leaves and flowering tops
harvesting_time: Harvest during flowering stage, usually in late summer
images: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/27/Artemisia_absinthium_plant.jpg
related_videos: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5bsnTUbhxjQ
description:
Artemisia absinthium is a perennial herbaceous plant known for its strong aroma and bitter taste. It has silvery-green leaves and yellow flower heads and can grow up to 1.2 meters tall.

growth_habitat:
Prefers dry, sunny locations with well-drained soil; commonly found in grasslands, scrublands, and roadsides.

preparation_methods:
Used as dried leaves or extracts; often prepared as teas, tinctures, or essential oils; also used in alcoholic beverages like absinthe

dosage:
Typically 0.5 to 1 gram of dried herb for infusion; 5 to 10 drops of tincture; should be used cautiously and under guidance due to toxicity

contraindications:
Pregnancy, breastfeeding, epilepsy, kidney disorders, and hypersensitivity to plants of the Asteraceae family

storage_tips:
Store dried plant material in a cool, dark, and dry place in airtight containers to preserve potency

sources:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6100353/, https://www.webmd.com/vitamins/ai/ingredientmono-675/wormwood, https://www.britannica.com/plant/wormwood-plant


name: Artemisia princeps
scientific_name: Artemisia princeps
alternate_names: Japanese mugwort, Yomogi, Aeyup
plant_family: Asteraceae
origin: Native to East Asia, including Japan, Korea, and China
active_components: Contains essential oils, flavonoids, sesquiterpene lactones, cineole, thujone, and camphor
part_used: Leaves primarily, sometimes stems and flowers
harvesting_time: Leaves are best harvested in late spring to early summer before flowering
related_videos: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3KphRV_hFoQ
description:
Artemisia princeps is a perennial plant with gray-green deeply lobed leaves and small yellowish flowers. It is commonly found in East Asia and is known for its aromatic properties and medicinal uses.

growth_habitat:
Thrives in temperate regions, often found in fields, roadsides, and hillsides. Prefers well-drained soil and partial to full sunlight.

treatable_conditions:
Used traditionally for digestive issues, inflammation, gynecological disorders, skin conditions, and respiratory ailments

preparation_methods:
Leaves are often dried and used in teas, extracts, powders, and as a component in traditional herbal formulations. Also used in moxibustion therapy in Traditional Chinese Medicine.

dosage:
Varies depending on form and use; commonly consumed as tea with 2-3 grams of dried leaves per cup or applied topically as needed

duration:
Typically used for short-term treatment generally ranging from days to a few weeks; duration depends on condition treated

contraindications:
Pregnant or breastfeeding women are advised to avoid use; individuals with allergies to Asteraceae family plants should exercise caution

side_effects:
Possible allergic reactions such as skin irritation or dermatitis; excessive internal use may cause dizziness or nausea

interactions:
May interact with blood-thinning medications due to anticoagulant properties; caution advised when used with sedatives or other herbal supplements

storage_tips:
Store dried leaves in a cool, dry, and dark place in an airtight container to preserve potency and aroma

images:
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Artemisia_princeps1.jpg/320px-Artemisia_princeps1.jpg

sources:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artemisia_princeps; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5758341/; https://www.herbalgram.org/resources/herbalgram/issues/modern-moxibustion-shaping-future-chinese-medicine/


name: Mugwort
scientific_name: Artemisia argyi
alternate_names: Chinese mugwort, silvery wormwood, Ai Ye
plant_family: Asteraceae
origin: China, Korea, Japan, and other parts of East Asia
active_components: Essential oils (cineole, borneol), flavonoids, tannins, sesquiterpene lactones, polysaccharides
treatable_conditions: Digestive disorders, menstrual irregularities, inflammation, infections, allergies, skin conditions
duration: Depends on condition treated; commonly used daily for several weeks in traditional medicine.
interactions: May interact with anticoagulants or antiplatelet drugs; potential interaction with sedatives.
part_used: Leaves primarily, sometimes stems
storage_tips: Store dried leaves in airtight containers away from light and moisture to preserve potency.
images: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3c/Artemisia_argyi.jpg
related_videos: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hk-FmL4E6zE
description:
Artemisia argyi is a perennial herb native to East Asia, known for its silvery-green leaves and aromatic properties. It is widely used in traditional Chinese medicine and is prized for its potential health benefits including anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effects.

growth_habitat:
Grows in temperate regions, commonly found in fields, grasslands, and along roadsides; prefers well-drained soil and full sun to partial shade.

preparation_methods:
Leaves are dried and used in teas, moxibustion sticks, tinctures, and topical applications; can be infused in oil or made into poultices.

dosage:
Typically 3-9 grams of dried herb per day in decoction or infusion; moxibustion applied as per therapeutic protocols.

contraindications:
Pregnant women should avoid use due to potential uterine stimulation; caution in individuals with allergies to Asteraceae family plants.

side_effects:
Rare, but may include allergic reactions, skin irritation, or gastrointestinal discomfort in sensitive individuals.

harvesting_time:
Typically harvested in late summer or early autumn when leaf concentration of active compounds is highest.

sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30179991/, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6164363/, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artemisia_argyi


name: Artemisia ludoviciana
scientific_name: Artemisia ludoviciana
alternate_names: Louisiana sage, white sagebrush, Western mugwort, prairie sage, silver sage
plant_family: Asteraceae
origin: Native to North America, especially western and central regions of the United States and Canada
growth_habitat: Grows in prairies, open woodlands, plains, and rocky hillsides, often in dry or well-drained soils
active_components: Contains essential oils, flavonoids, sesquiterpene lactones, tannins, and volatile compounds
preparation_methods: Commonly prepared as an infusion, decoction, or used for smudging and topical poultices
duration: Typically used short-term during illness; duration depends on treatment and practitioner guidance
part_used: Leaves and flowering tops
harvesting_time: Usually harvested in late summer to early fall when flowering
images: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/26/Artemisia_ludoviciana_8283.jpg
related_videos: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EXAMPLE_VIDEO_URL
description:
Artemisia ludoviciana is a perennial herb or subshrub native to North America. It typically grows 0.3 to 1.2 meters tall with silvery-green, aromatic leaves and small clustered yellowish flowers. The plant has a woolly texture due to fine hairs covering its leaves and stems.

treatable_conditions:
Used traditionally for respiratory issues, digestive problems, stomach pain, fevers, colds, and as an antiseptic

dosage:
Dosage varies; traditional use involves drinking infusions or applying poultices; specific standardized dosage not well established

contraindications:
May cause allergic reactions in sensitive individuals; not recommended during pregnancy or breastfeeding without medical advice

side_effects:
Possible allergic skin reactions or irritation when used topically; none widely documented when used in moderation

interactions:
No well-documented drug interactions, but caution advised when combining with other herbal medicines or medications

storage_tips:
Store dried plant material in a cool, dry, and dark place in airtight containers to preserve potency

sources:
https://www.wildflower.org/plants/result.php?id_plant=ARLU; https://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/plants/shrub/artlud/all.html; https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artemisia_ludoviciana


name: Common Hollyhock
scientific_name: Alcea rosea
alternate_names: Garden Hollyhock, Rose Mallow
plant_family: Malvaceae
origin: Native to Asia and Europe, widely cultivated worldwide
active_components: Mucilage, flavonoids, tannins, anthocyanins
duration: Short term usage recommended; typically up to 2 weeks unless otherwise directed
contraindications: May cause allergic reactions in sensitive individuals; avoid if allergic to Malvaceae family plants
side_effects: Rare but may include mild gastrointestinal discomfort or allergic skin reactions
part_used: Leaves, flowers, and roots
storage_tips: Dried plant material should be stored in airtight containers away from direct sunlight and moisture
images: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7e/Alcea_rosea_002.JPG
related_videos: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4vK5kDwvyQk
description:
Common Hollyhock is a tall, biennial or short-lived perennial flowering plant known for its large, vibrant, cup-shaped flowers that bloom along tall spikes. It is popular in cottage gardens and can grow up to 8 feet tall with a range of colors including pink, red, white, and yellow.

growth_habitat:
Thrives in well-drained soil with full sun; commonly found in garden beds and along fences in temperate climates

treatable_conditions:
Used traditionally for soothing respiratory tract irritation, digestive issues, and skin inflammations

preparation_methods:
Typically prepared as teas or infusions from dried flowers or leaves; can be used topically as poultices

dosage:
Varies by preparation; commonly 1-2 teaspoons of dried herb per cup of boiling water for teas, taken 2-3 times daily

interactions:
No well-documented interactions with pharmaceuticals, but caution advised when taken with other herbs that affect digestion or immune response

harvesting_time:
Flowers harvested at peak bloom in summer; leaves can be harvested continuously during growing season

sources:
https://www.britannica.com/plant/hollyhock, https://www.herbal-supplement-resource.com/hollyhock.html, https://pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Alcea+rosea


name: Zedoary
scientific_name: Curcuma zedoaria
alternate_names: White turmeric, Kachur, Temu putih
plant_family: Zingiberaceae
origin: Native to India and Indonesia
growth_habitat: Thrives in tropical climates, often cultivated in well-drained, shady, and humid environments.
active_components: Curcumin, essential oils, starch, sesquiterpenes, curcuminoids
treatable_conditions: Digestive disorders, inflammation, menstrual problems, skin conditions, respiratory issues
contraindications: Avoid during pregnancy, in cases of bile duct obstruction, or gallstones.
part_used: Rhizome
harvesting_time: Rhizomes are usually harvested 9 to 10 months after planting, when leaves begin to yellow and dry.
description:
Zedoary is a perennial herbaceous plant belonging to the ginger family, known for its knobby rhizomes that resemble ginger but have a distinct camphor-like aroma. It is used both as a spice and in traditional medicine.

preparation_methods:
Rhizomes are dried and powdered for use as a spice or medicinal powder; can be boiled or infused for teas; used fresh or dried in pastes and decoctions.

dosage:
Typically, 1 to 3 grams of dried powder per day; varies depending on preparation and condition treated.

duration:
Usage duration depends on condition; often used in cycles of several weeks to months under supervision.

side_effects:
May cause allergic reactions, gastrointestinal discomfort or mild skin irritation in sensitive individuals.

interactions:
Potential interactions with anticoagulants, antiplatelet drugs, and medications metabolized by the liver.

storage_tips:
Store dried rhizomes or powder in an airtight container, away from light and moisture, in a cool, dry place.

sources:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4296439/, https://www.herbal-supplement-resource.com/zedoary.html, https://www.britannica.com/plant/zedoary


name: Zebrawood
scientific_name: Microberlinia brazzavillensis
alternate_names: Zebrano, Striped Ebony
plant_family: Fabaceae
origin: Western Africa, especially Gabon and Cameroon
part_used: Wood
storage_tips: Store in a dry, well-ventilated area to prevent warping and fungal growth.
description:
Zebrawood is a tropical hardwood known for its distinctive striped grain pattern which resembles the stripes of a zebra. It is dense, hard, and durable with a coarse texture and interlocked grain.

growth_habitat:
Tropical rainforests of Central and West Africa; grows best in humid, warm climates with well-drained soils.

side_effects:
Dust from processing Zebrawood may cause allergic reactions or respiratory issues in sensitive individuals.

sources:
https://www.wood-database.com/zebrawood/, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microberlinia_brazzavillensis


name: Willow
scientific_name: Salix spp.
alternate_names: Sallow, Pussy Willow
plant_family: Salicaceae
growth_habitat: Prefers moist soils along riverbanks, lakes, and wetlands; often found in temperate forested areas.
active_components: Salicin, flavonoids, tannins, polyphenols
treatable_conditions: Pain relief (headaches, muscle pain), inflammation, fever, arthritis
part_used: Bark
harvesting_time: Late winter to early spring, when the salicin content is highest.
description:
Willow is a deciduous tree or shrub known for its slender branches and elongated leaves. It thrives near water sources and is recognized for its medicinal bark rich in salicin.

origin:
Native to temperate and cold regions of the Northern Hemisphere, including Europe, Asia, and North America.

preparation_methods:
Bark is typically dried and used as a powder or extract; teas and tinctures are common preparations.

dosage:
Standardized extracts vary; traditional bark preparations are taken in doses of 60-240 mg of salicin daily; consult specific product guidelines.

duration:
Usage generally ranges from a few days to weeks depending on the condition; prolonged use requires medical supervision.

contraindications:
Avoid use if allergic to aspirin or salicylates; caution in pregnancy, breastfeeding, and children due to salicin content.

side_effects:
Possible stomach upset, allergic reactions, increased bleeding risk especially when combined with blood thinners.

interactions:
May interact with anticoagulants, antiplatelet drugs, NSAIDs, and certain blood pressure medications.

storage_tips:
Store dried bark in a cool, dry, and dark place, preferably in an airtight container to preserve potency.

sources:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK548485/, https://www.webmd.com/vitamins/ai/ingredientmono-778/willow, https://www.britannica.com/plant/willow


name: Windroot
treatable_conditions: Traditionally believed to alleviate digestive discomfort and gas-related ailments.
preparation_methods: Common preparation methods involve drying the root and brewing it into a tea or infusion.
part_used: Root
storage_tips: Store dried roots in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight to preserve potency.
description:
Windroot is a mystical or herbaceous plant often referenced in folklore and some herbal traditions, but lacks detailed scientific documentation. It is sometimes described as having slender roots and attributed with properties related to easing symptoms associated with winds or gas in the body.

sources:
Information compiled from traditional herbal lore and folklore references; specific scientific sources unavailable.


name: Wound Rocket
scientific_name: Hesperis matronalis
alternate_names: Sweet rocket, Dame's rocket, Dames violet
plant_family: Brassicaceae
origin: Native to Europe and Western Asia
active_components: Glucosinolates, flavonoids, tannins, and volatile oils
treatable_conditions: Wounds, skin infections, inflammation
dosage: No standardized dosage available; traditionally applied topically as a poultice or infusion
duration: Applied as needed until wound healing progresses
contraindications: Not well documented; avoid use in case of known allergies to plants in Brassicaceae family
side_effects: May cause skin irritation or allergic reactions in sensitive individuals
interactions: No known significant interactions
part_used: Leaves, flowers, and stems
harvesting_time: During the flowering season, typically late spring to early summer
storage_tips: Store dried parts in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight to preserve medicinal properties
description:
Wound rocket is a flowering plant known for its fragrant, four-petaled flowers that typically bloom in shades of purple, pink, or white. It is a biennial or short-lived perennial herb native to Europe and Asia, often found in gardens and along roadsides. The plant has been traditionally used for its medicinal properties, particularly in promoting wound healing.

growth_habitat:
Prefers sunny to partly shaded locations with well-drained soil; commonly found in meadows, roadsides, and disturbed areas

preparation_methods:
Leaves and flowers can be used fresh in poultices or infusions to treat skin conditions; sometimes dried for later use

sources:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hesperis_matronalis; https://www.medicinalplantsguide.org/wound-rocket; https://www.botanical.com/botanical/mgmh/w/wound-05.html


name: White man's foot
scientific_name: Ageratum conyzoides
alternate_names: Goatweed, Billygoat-weed, Chick weed, Tropical Whiteweed
plant_family: Asteraceae
origin: Native to tropical America, now widespread in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide.
growth_habitat: Grows commonly in disturbed areas, roadsides, and fields in tropical and subtropical climates.
active_components: Flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, sterols, and essential oils.
treatable_conditions: Used traditionally to treat wounds, fever, diarrhea, cough, and skin diseases.
preparation_methods: Commonly used as a poultice, decoction, or infusion from fresh or dried leaves.
contraindications: Not well studied; caution advised during pregnancy and lactation due to insufficient data.
side_effects: No widely reported side effects, but allergic reactions possible in sensitive individuals.
part_used: Leaves, stems, and sometimes roots.
harvesting_time: Leaves and stems are harvested when the plant is flowering for maximum potency.
storage_tips: Dry leaves in shade and store in airtight containers away from moisture and sunlight.
description:
White man's foot is a fast-growing, annual herb that is often considered a weed. It has soft, hairy leaves and produces small white to pale bluish flowers in clusters. The plant is known for its medicinal properties and is commonly found in tropical regions.

dosage:
Varies depending on use; typically preparations are made from a handful of leaves per cup of water; no standardized dosage.

sources:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3249911/, https://pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Ageratum+conyzoides, https://www.botanical-online.com/en/herbs/ageratum-conyzoides


name: Violet
scientific_name: Viola odorata
alternate_names: Sweet violet, English violet, Common violet
plant_family: Violaceae
origin: Native to Europe and Asia
growth_habitat: Prefers shady, moist environments, commonly found in woodlands, gardens, and grassy areas.
active_components: Mucilage, methyl salicylate, saponins, flavonoids, alkaloids
part_used: Leaves, flowers, and sometimes roots
harvesting_time: Spring to early summer when flowers are in bloom
images: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9b/Viola_odorata_002.JPG
related_videos: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1vT8UGXXnTc
description:
Violet is a small perennial plant characterized by heart-shaped leaves and fragrant purple or violet flowers. It often grows close to the ground and is known for its sweet scent and ornamental use.

treatable_conditions:
Used traditionally for respiratory ailments such as coughs and bronchitis, skin conditions like eczema, and as a mild laxative and anti-inflammatory agent.

preparation_methods:
Prepared as infusions (teas), tinctures, syrups, poultices, and sometimes incorporated into salves or ointments.

dosage:
Typically, 1-2 teaspoons of dried leaves or flowers infused in hot water, taken 2-3 times daily; exact dosages vary based on preparation and use.

duration:
Short-term use generally recommended; consult guide for specific conditions, often 1-2 weeks for respiratory relief.

contraindications:
Not recommended during pregnancy and breastfeeding without medical advice; avoid in individuals with salicylate allergies.

side_effects:
Generally considered safe in culinary amounts; excessive use may cause stomach upset or allergic reactions in sensitive individuals.

interactions:
May interact with blood thinners due to methyl salicylate content; avoid combining with aspirin or similar drugs without consulting a healthcare provider.

storage_tips:
Dried parts should be stored in airtight containers away from light and moisture to preserve potency and fragrance.

sources:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK92770/, https://www.botanical.com, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viola_odorata


name: Umbrella Palm
scientific_name: Schefflera actinophylla
alternate_names: Octopus Tree, Hawaiian Umbrella Tree
plant_family: Araliaceae
origin: Native to Queensland and the Northern Territory of Australia
growth_habitat: Typically grows in tropical rainforests; prefers warm, humid environments and well-drained soils
active_components: Contains saponins and alkaloids; the sap may cause mild skin irritation
treatable_conditions: Primarily used as an ornamental plant; not commonly used medicinally
contraindications: Sap may cause allergic skin reactions or irritation in sensitive individuals
side_effects: Skin irritation or dermatitis upon contact with plant sap
part_used: Leaves and stems
images: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/99/Schefflera_actinophylla_1.jpg
related_videos: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6W6NQ8GQSOg
description:
Umbrella palm is a tropical evergreen plant known for its glossy, palmately compound leaves that resemble the ribs of an umbrella. It can grow into a small tree with a robust trunk and spreading canopy.

sources:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schefflera_actinophylla; https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/ornamental/trees/schefflera/umbrella-tree.htm


name: Umbrella papyrus
scientific_name: Cyperus alternifolius
alternate_names: Umbrella plant, Umbrella sedge, Umbrella palm, Umbrella grass
plant_family: Cyperaceae
origin: Madagascar and parts of East Africa
part_used: Stems and leaves mainly for ornamental use; medicinal use is rare and not well documented.
images: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/00/Cyperus_alternifolius_1402.JPG
related_videos: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6Ezi_-LuS4o (Cultivation and Care of Umbrella Papyrus)
description:
Umbrella papyrus is a perennial aquatic plant characterized by its tall, grass-like stems topped with clusters of narrow, umbrella-shaped leaves. It is commonly used as an ornamental plant for ponds and water gardens due to its unique appearance and ability to thrive in wet conditions.

growth_habitat:
Grows in wetlands, marshes, edges of ponds, and slow-moving water bodies; prefers saturated or standing water.

active_components:
Contains essential oils, flavonoids, and other phytochemicals typical of Cyperus species, though specific active constituents are less documented.

treatable_conditions:
Traditionally, related Cyperus species have been used in folk medicine for digestive issues, inflammation, and as diuretics, but specific medicinal uses of Umbrella papyrus are not well established.

preparation_methods:
Not commonly used medicinally; when used in traditional contexts, parts may be boiled or brewed into infusions.

harvesting_time:
Can be harvested any time when healthy; typically harvested during active growth periods in spring or summer.

storage_tips:
Store cut stems in water if used ornamentally; for medicinal uses, dry plant materials in shade and keep in airtight containers away from moisture.

sources:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyperus_alternifolius, https://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/PlantFinder/PlantFinderDetails.aspx?kempercode=c635, https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/ornamental/bulbs/umbrella-papyrus-care.htm


name: Toothwort
scientific_name: Lathraea squamaria
alternate_names: Common Toothwort, Striped Toothwort
plant_family: Orobanchaceae
origin: Native to Europe and parts of western Asia
part_used: Whole plant, primarily the underground parts
harvesting_time: Typically harvested in spring before flowering
description:
Toothwort is a parasitic perennial plant known for its distinctive pale pink to white flowers and scale-like leaves. It grows primarily on the roots of hazel and alder trees. The plant lacks chlorophyll and depends on its host for nutrients.

growth_habitat:
Found in shady, deciduous woodlands, often growing on the roots of hazel and alder trees, preferring moist, fertile soils.

sources:
https://www.botanical-online.com/english/toothwort.htm; https://plants.usda.gov/home/plantProfile?symbol=LASQ; https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lathraea_squamaria


name: Thistle
scientific_name: Cirsium spp.
alternate_names: Milk Thistle, Scotch Thistle, Bull Thistle
plant_family: Asteraceae
origin: Native to Europe, Asia, and North Africa, some species are found in North America.
active_components: Silymarin (especially in Milk Thistle), flavonoids, polyphenols
treatable_conditions: Liver disorders, digestive issues, inflammation, skin conditions
duration: Usually recommended for several weeks to months depending on treatment goal
side_effects: Possible gastrointestinal discomfort, allergic reactions in sensitive individuals
interactions: May interact with medications metabolized by the liver such as statins and certain antidepressants
part_used: Seeds, leaves
harvesting_time: Seeds are typically harvested in late summer to early autumn when mature
storage_tips: Store seeds and dried parts in airtight containers in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight
description:
Thistle is a group of flowering plants characterized by sharp prickles on the leaves and stems. They commonly have purple, pink, or white flower heads and are known for their spiny appearance.

growth_habitat:
Typically grows in open fields, disturbed soils, roadsides, and meadows. Thrives in temperate climates.

preparation_methods:
Extracts from seeds can be made into tinctures, teas, capsules; leaves can be used fresh or dried for herbal infusions.

dosage:
Varies by preparation; commonly 140 mg standardized silymarin extract taken two to three times daily

contraindications:
Allergy to plants in the Asteraceae family, pregnant or breastfeeding women should consult healthcare provider

sources:
https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/herb/milk-thistle; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4848651/; https://www.webmd.com/vitamins/ai/ingredientmono-138/milk-thistle


name: Sunflower
scientific_name: Helianthus annuus
alternate_names: Common Sunflower, Giant Sunflower
plant_family: Asteraceae
origin: Native to North America
contraindications: Allergy to sunflower seeds or related plants in the Asteraceae family.
part_used: Seeds, flowers, leaves, and oil extracted from seeds.
harvesting_time: Seeds typically harvested late summer to early autumn after flower heads mature and dry.
images: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/40/Sunflower_sky_backdrop.jpg
related_videos: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QwYfSMBoiXs
sources: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunflower, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK92762/
description:
A large annual forb of the genus Helianthus grown as a crop for its edible oil and seeds. Sunflowers are known for their large, bright yellow flower heads which track the sunâ€™s movement during the day.

growth_habitat:
Thrives in temperate climates, prefers full sun and well-drained soil, commonly found in fields and gardens.

active_components:
Seeds contain oil rich in linoleic acid, vitamin E, and phytosterols; flowers contain flavonoids and phenolic acids.

treatable_conditions:
Used traditionally for cardiovascular health, inflammation, and skin conditions; sunflower oil is also applied topically as a moisturizer.

preparation_methods:
Seeds can be eaten raw, roasted, or pressed to extract oil; flower petals and leaves used in herbal infusions.

side_effects:
Rare allergic reactions may occur; excessive consumption of oil may lead to gastrointestinal discomfort.

interactions:
No widely known significant interactions, but caution advised with anticoagulants due to vitamin E content.

storage_tips:
Store seeds in a cool, dry place in an airtight container; oil should be stored in a dark, cool environment to prevent rancidity.


name: Sneezewort
scientific_name: Achillea ptarmica
alternate_names: Sneezeweed, Tartar Ingrain, White Tansy
plant_family: Asteraceae
origin: Native to Europe and parts of Asia
preparation_methods: Used as a dried herb for infusions, tinctures, or poultices
duration: Usage duration depends on condition, often recommended not to exceed 4-6 weeks without consultation
interactions: May interact with anticoagulant or antiplatelet medications due to mild blood-thinning properties
part_used: Leaves and flowering tops
harvesting_time: Harvest during flowering season, typically mid to late summer
images: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/89/Achillea_ptarmica1.jpg
description:
Sneezewort is a perennial herbaceous plant with slender, erect stems bearing clusters of small white daisy-like flowers. It grows up to 60 cm tall with finely divided, aromatic leaves.

growth_habitat:
Prefers meadows, grasslands, and grassy slopes, usually in well-drained soil under full sun to partial shade.

active_components:
Contains essential oils such as achilleine, sesquiterpene lactones, flavonoids, tannins, and alkaloids

treatable_conditions:
Traditionally used for nasal congestion, fevers, digestive issues, and as an anti-inflammatory agent

dosage:
Typically, 1-2 grams of dried herb infused in hot water, taken 2-3 times daily; tincture doses vary depending on concentration

contraindications:
Avoid during pregnancy and breastfeeding; those with allergies to Asteraceae family plants should exercise caution

side_effects:
Possible allergic reactions such as skin rash or irritation; may cause gastrointestinal upset in some individuals

storage_tips:
Dry in shade in a well-ventilated area and store in airtight containers away from light and moisture

sources:
https://www.wildflower.org/plants/result.php?id_plant=achp2, https://www.medicinalplants-uses.com/plants/sneezewort, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Achillea_ptarmica


name: Skunkweed
scientific_name: Hierochloe odorata
alternate_names: Sweet Grass, Holy Grass
plant_family: Poaceae
origin: Native to North America and northern Eurasia
growth_habitat: Grows in moist meadows, open woods, and along waterways, preferring cool temperate climates
active_components: Coumarin compounds, including coumarin and herniarin
preparation_methods: Leaves are harvested, dried, braided, and burned as incense or used in teas and infusions
dosage: Varies depending on use; for tea, typically 1-2 grams of dried leaves per cup
duration: Tea consumed over several days; incense used as needed
contraindications: May cause allergic reactions in sensitive individuals; avoid excessive inhalation of smoke
side_effects: Rare; possible mild allergic reactions
interactions: No well-documented interactions with medications
part_used: Leaves
harvesting_time: Late spring to early summer when leaves are fresh
storage_tips: Store dried leaves in airtight containers away from light and moisture to preserve fragrance
images: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5b/Sweetgrass_in_British_Columbia.jpg
related_videos: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EXAMPLE_VIDEO_ON_SWEETGRASS
description:
Skunkweed, also known as sweetgrass, is a perennial plant native to North America and parts of Eurasia. It has long, narrow leaves and produces a sweet, vanilla-like fragrance when dried, which is why it is often used in ceremonial practices.

treatable_conditions:
Traditional uses include treating colds, fevers, and as a spiritual cleansing herb; limited scientific evidence for medicinal efficacy

sources:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hierochloe_odorata, https://www.herbalgram.org/herbalgram/issue97/herbpro-sweetgrass/, https://www.fs.fed.us/wildflowers/ethnobotany/sweetgrass.shtml


name: Snakeberry
scientific_name: Actaea rubra
alternate_names: Red baneberry, Doll's Eye
plant_family: Ranunculaceae
origin: Native to North America, particularly widespread in the northern United States and Canada.
side_effects: Nausea, vomiting, dizziness, slowed heart rate, seizures, and possible death if ingested.
part_used: Berries and roots are toxic; occasionally leaves used externally in folk remedies with caution.
harvesting_time: Berries typically ripen in mid to late summer.
storage_tips: Not recommended to harvest or store due to toxicity.
images: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/08/Actaea_rubra_berries.jpg
related_videos: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9i5VURq_Cx4 (documentary on toxic plants including snakeberry)
description:
Snakeberry, or red baneberry, is a herbaceous perennial plant known for its distinctive bright red berries with black dots that resemble eyes. It has compound leaves and produces small white flowers on tall stems during spring and early summer.

growth_habitat:
Grows commonly in moist, shady forest understories, often in rich and well-drained soils. Prefers temperate climates.

active_components:
Contains ranunculin which converts to protoanemonin (a toxin), along with other glycosides and alkaloids.

treatable_conditions:
Historically used in folk medicine for various purposes but considered highly toxic and not recommended for medical use.

preparation_methods:
Not commonly prepared due to toxicity; traditionally, some Native American tribes used it externally with great caution.

contraindications:
Highly poisonous â€” ingestion can cause severe gastrointestinal distress and cardiac issues. Avoid any internal use.

interactions:
Unknown formal interactions due to toxicity but should be avoided completely, especially with medications affecting heart or CNS.

sources:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Actaea_rubra, https://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/plants/shrub/actrub/all.html, https://www.poisonousplants.uk/plants/redbaneberry.html


name: Silkweed
scientific_name: Asclepias syriaca
alternate_names: Common Milkweed, Virginia Silkweed, Silkweed Milkweed
plant_family: Apocynaceae
origin: Native to eastern and central North America
active_components: Cardenolides (cardiac glycosides), flavonoids, alkaloids, resins
side_effects: Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and possible heart irregularities if consumed improperly
interactions: May interact with cardiac medications due to cardiac glycoside content
part_used: Leaves, roots, seeds, and fibers
harvesting_time: Summer during flowering season for leaves and flowers; fall for seed harvesting
storage_tips: Store dried parts in airtight containers in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight
images: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8f/Asclepias_syriaca_-_Toronto_-_20110927.jpg
related_videos: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v-fV1iFXIOs
description:
Silkweed is a perennial herbaceous plant native to North America. It typically grows 3 to 5 feet tall and produces clusters of fragrant pink to purplish flowers. The plant has large, broad leaves and produces silky fibers attached to its seeds.

growth_habitat:
Prefers dry to moist soils, commonly found in fields, roadsides, and disturbed areas; thrives in full sun

treatable_conditions:
Traditionally used for respiratory issues, wounds, digestive problems, and as a diuretic; some compounds studied for potential anticancer properties

preparation_methods:
Leaves and roots used to make teas and poultices; fibers processed for textiles; seeds used cautiously due to toxicity

contraindications:
Avoid ingestion of large amounts due to toxicity; not recommended during pregnancy or breastfeeding; caution with heart conditions

sources:
https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/pubs/9487, https://www.wildflower.org/plants/result.php?id_plant=ASSY, https://www.minnesotawildflowers.info/flower/silkweed-common


name: Serviceberry
scientific_name: Amelanchier canadensis
alternate_names: Juneberry, Shadbush, Saskatoon
plant_family: Rosaceae
origin: Native to North America, especially widespread in the eastern and central United States and Canada.
active_components: Contains anthocyanins, flavonoids, vitamins (notably vitamin C), and dietary fiber.
part_used: Primarily the berries; occasionally leaves and bark for medicinal use.
harvesting_time: Berries are harvested in late spring to early summer, typically around June.
images: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7c/Amelanchier_canadensis_berries_IMG_1149.jpg
related_videos: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3KxXonWyVnI
description:
Serviceberry is a deciduous shrub or small tree known for its early white blossoms and edible purple-blue berries. The plant produces sweet-tasting fruit that resembles blueberries and is often eaten fresh or used in jams and pies.

growth_habitat:
Prefers moist, well-drained soils often found in woodlands, forest edges, and along streams. It can tolerate a range of light conditions from full sun to partial shade.

treatable_conditions:
Used traditionally for gastrointestinal ailments, respiratory conditions, and as a general health tonic due to antioxidant properties.

preparation_methods:
Fruits are consumed fresh, dried, or made into jams, jellies, and sauces. Leaves and bark have been used in traditional decoctions.

storage_tips:
Berries should be stored in a cool, dry place or refrigerated to extend freshness. They can also be frozen or dried for longer preservation.

sources:
https://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/plants/shrub/amelca/all.html, https://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/PlantFinder/PlantFinderDetails.aspx?kempercode=a309, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amelanchier_canadensis


name: Corydalis aurea
scientific_name: Corydalis aurea
alternate_names: Golden corydalis, Scrambled eggs
plant_family: Papaveraceae
origin: Native to North America, found in Canada and the United States
active_components: Alkaloids such as corydaline and tetrahydropalmatine
treatable_conditions: Traditionally used for pain relief, muscle spasms, and as a mild sedative
contraindications: Not recommended for pregnant or breastfeeding women; may interact with sedatives
side_effects: Possible dizziness, nausea, or allergic reactions
interactions: May enhance the effects of CNS depressants or sedatives
part_used: Whole plant, especially roots
harvesting_time: Typically harvested in the late summer when the plant is mature
storage_tips: Store dried plant material in a cool, dry place away from light
images: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8d/Corydalis_aurea_5145778.jpg
description:
Corydalis aurea is a herbaceous perennial plant with delicate, fern-like leaves and clusters of small, bright yellow tubular flowers. It typically grows to about 10-30 cm tall.

growth_habitat:
Prefers open, dry, and rocky or sandy soils; commonly found in grasslands, roadsides, and disturbed areas

preparation_methods:
Extracts from the root or whole plant are used in tinctures or dried for infusions and topical applications

sources:
https://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora/eflora_display.php?tid=19351, https://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/PlantFinder/PlantFinderDetails.aspx?kempercode=a582


name: Bear Corn
scientific_name: Conopholis americana
alternate_names: Squawroot, Cancer-root
plant_family: Orobanchaceae
origin: Native to eastern North America, especially in oak forests of the United States and Canada.
active_components: Contains tannins, phytosterols, and some alkaloids.
preparation_methods: Usually dried and powdered for use in teas or tinctures; sometimes used as an infusion.
contraindications: Not recommended during pregnancy or breastfeeding due to insufficient safety data.
side_effects: May cause allergic reactions or digestive upset in sensitive individuals.
part_used: The entire above-ground flowering spike.
harvesting_time: Typically harvested in early spring when the plant emerges above ground.
storage_tips: Store dried material in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight to preserve potency.
images: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/12/Conopholis_americana_8589.jpg
related_videos: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y5mnCn9MYXQ
description:
Bear Corn is a parasitic flowering plant that lacks chlorophyll and grows on the roots of oak trees. It appears as a cone-shaped, yellowish-brown structure resembling an ear of corn.

growth_habitat:
Found growing on the roots of oak trees in deciduous forests, often emerging above ground in early spring.

treatable_conditions:
Traditionally used for gynecological issues such as uterine disorders and as a general tonic for women's health; also used for digestive ailments.

dosage:
Varies according to traditional usage; typically small doses in teas or tinctures, but exact medical dosages are not well established.

interactions:
Potential interactions with hormone-related medications or blood thinners have not been well studied.

sources:
https://www.fs.fed.us/wildflowers/plant-of-the-week/conopholis_americana.shtml, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conopholis_americana


