<br> The card must be used in conjunction with a passport and has the following advantages: Many African countries, including Angola, Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Rwanda, São Tomé and Príncipe, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Uganda, Zambia require all incoming passengers to have a current International Certificate of Vaccination. Some other countries require vaccination only if the passenger is coming from an infected area. Many countries require passport validity of","title":"Visa requirements for Russian citizens"},{"id":"4552685","text":"British diaspora in Africa The British diaspora in Africa is a population group broadly defined as English-speaking white Africans of mainly (but not only) British descent who live in or come from Sub-Saharan Africa. The majority live in South Africa and other Southern African countries including Zimbabwe (Southern Rhodesia), Namibia (South West Africa), Botswana (Bechuanaland Protectorate), Zambia (Northern Rhodesia), Lesotho (Basutoland) and Swaziland (Formerly under British rule). There are also sizable numbers in Kenya (Kenya Colony), Nigeria (British Nigeria) and Ghana (Gold Coast Colony). Their first language is usually English. The majority of white Africans who speak English as a","title":"British diaspora in Africa"},{"id":"3685205","text":"detective Hercule Poirot—one of the longest gaps in the entire series. Christie, who often admitted that she did not like Poirot (a fact parodied by her recurring novelist character Ariadne Oliver), particularly disliked his appearance in this novel. His late arrival, jarring, given the established atmosphere, led Christie to claim in her \"\" that she \"ruined [her own novel] by the introduction of Poirot\". Agatha Christie's successful career foresaw the use of her eight owned houses as settings for her novels, which were Taken at the Flood, Dead Man's Folly, Five Little Pigs, A Pocket Full of Rye, and Crooked","title":"The Hollow"},{"id":"12516751","text":"Guyanese people Guyanese people are people identified with the country of Guyana, which is located on the northern coast of South America and is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean, Brazil, Venezuela and Surinam. Geographically, Guyana is part of the South American mainland, however it is much more similar to the nearby island nations of the Caribbean such as Trinidad and Tobago, Barbados, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines and Grenada with respect to culture. In fact, Guyana is considered a Caribbean country even though it is not an island nation located in the Caribbean Sea, as are most Caribbean nations. Guyana","title":"Guyanese people"},{"id":"11358","text":"in 2015. As part of that deal, the BBC broadcast \"Partners In Crime\" and \"And Then There Were None\", both in 2015. Subsequent productions have included \"The Witness for the Prosecution\" but plans to televise \"Ordeal by Innocence\" at Christmas 2017 were delayed due to controversy surrounding one of the cast members. The three-part adaptation aired in April 2018. A three-part adaptation of \"The A.B.C. Murders\" starring John Malkovich and Rupert Grint began filming in June 2018 for later broadcast. Christie's first book, \"The Mysterious Affair at Styles\", was published in 1920 and introduced the detective Hercule Poirot, who became","title":"Agatha Christie"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"id\": \"11439\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"little grey cells\\\". Poirot also bears a striking resemblance to A. E. W. Mason's fictional detective, Inspector Hanaud of the French Sûreté, who first appeared in the 1910 novel \\\"At the Villa Rose\\\" and predates the first Poirot novel by ten years. Unlike the models mentioned above, Christie's Poirot was clearly the result of her early development of the detective in her first book, written in 1916 and published in 1920. His Belgian nationality was interesting because of Belgium's occupation by Germany, which also provided a plausible explanation of why such a skilled detective would be out of work and\",\n \"title\": \"Hercule Poirot\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11335\",\n \"text\": \"her service in September 1918. After the war, Agatha and Archie Christie settled in a flat at 5 Northwick Terrace in St. John's Wood, northwest London. Christie had long been a fan of detective novels, having enjoyed Wilkie Collins's \\\"The Woman in White\\\" and \\\"The Moonstone\\\", as well as Sir Arthur Conan Doyle's early Sherlock Holmes stories. She wrote her own detective novel, \\\"The Mysterious Affair at Styles\\\", featuring Hercule Poirot, a former Belgian police officer noted for his twirly large \\\"magnificent moustaches\\\" and egg-shaped head. Poirot had taken refuge in Britain after Germany invaded Belgium. Christie's inspiration for the\",\n \"title\": \"Agatha Christie\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19908418\",\n \"text\": \"age of detective fiction, including a blueprint sketch of the house where the murder takes place, an armchair detective's guide featured in Christie and Poirot's debut, \\\"The Mysterious Affair at Styles\\\". The novel takes place in the Irish Free State, an independent state founded in 1922 and lasting until 1937. References to the Free State and Irish nationalism are made in the story, such as the destruction by rebels of homes belonging to descendants of the landed gentry. This is the second novel by Hannah to feature Christie's popular hero, Hercule Poirot, a retired Belgian policeman turned private investigator. Its\",\n \"title\": \"Closed Casket (novel)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11450\",\n \"text\": \"childhood in or near the town of Spa, Belgium: \\\"But we did not go into Spa itself. We left the main road and wound into the leafy fastnesses of the hills, till we reached a little hamlet and an isolated white villa high on the hillside.\\\" Christie strongly implies that this \\\"quiet retreat in the Ardennes\\\" near Spa is the location of the Poirot family home. An alternative tradition holds that Poirot was born in the village of Ellezelles (province of Hainaut, Belgium). A few memorials dedicated to Hercule Poirot can be seen in the centre of this village. There\",\n \"title\": \"Hercule Poirot\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5615050\",\n \"text\": \"Taken at the Flood Taken at the Flood is a work of detective fiction by British writer Agatha Christie, first published in the US by Dodd, Mead and Company in March 1948 under the title of There is a Tide . . . and in the UK by the Collins Crime Club in the November of the same year under Christie's original title. The US edition retailed at $2.50 and the UK edition at eight shillings and sixpence (8/6). It features her famous Belgian detective, Hercule Poirot, and is set in 1946. The novel tells a story of post-World War\",\n \"title\": \"Taken at the Flood\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3772875\",\n \"text\": \"Evil Under the Sun Evil Under the Sun is a work of detective fiction by Agatha Christie and first published in the UK by the Collins Crime Club in June 1941 and in the US by Dodd, Mead and Company in October of the same year. The UK edition retailed at seven shillings and sixpence (7/6) and the US edition at $2.00. The novel features Christie's detective, Hercule Poirot, who takes a holiday in Devon. During his stay, he notices a young woman who is flirtatious and attractive, but not well liked by a number of guests. When she is\",\n \"title\": \"Evil Under the Sun\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1714208\",\n \"text\": \"The Mysterious Affair at Styles The Mysterious Affair at Styles is a detective novel by British writer Agatha Christie. It was written in the middle of the First World War, in 1916, and first published by John Lane in the United States in October 1920 and in the United Kingdom by The Bodley Head (John Lane's UK company) on 21 January 1921. \\\"Styles\\\" was Christie's first published novel. It introduced Hercule Poirot, Inspector (later, Chief Inspector) Japp, and Arthur Hastings. Poirot, a Belgian refugee of the Great War, is settling in England near the home of Emily Inglethorp, who helped\",\n \"title\": \"The Mysterious Affair at Styles\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5555041\",\n \"text\": \"Murder in Mesopotamia Murder in Mesopotamia is a work of detective fiction by British writer Agatha Christie, first published in the UK by the Collins Crime Club on 6 July 1936 and in the US by Dodd, Mead and Company later in the same year. The UK edition retailed at seven shillings and sixpence (7/6) and the US edition at $2.00. The cover was designed by Robin McCartney. The book features Belgian detective Hercule Poirot. The novel is set at an archaeological excavation in Iraq, and descriptive details derive from the author's visit to the Royal Cemetery at Ur where\",\n \"title\": \"Murder in Mesopotamia\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11503\",\n \"text\": \"a spoof of Indian TV suspense drama \\\"CID\\\" as \\\"\\\"Qissa Missing Dimaag Ka: C.I.D Qtiyapa\\\"\\\". In the first episode, when Ujjwal is shown to browse for the best detectives of the world, David Suchet appears as Poirot in his search. Hercule Poirot Hercule Poirot (, ; ) is a fictional Belgian detective, created by Agatha Christie. Poirot is one of Christie's most famous and long-lived characters, appearing in 42 novels, one play (\\\"Black Coffee\\\"), and more than 50 short stories published between 1920 and 1975. Poirot has been portrayed on radio, in film and on television by various actors, including\",\n \"title\": \"Hercule Poirot\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4902902\",\n \"text\": \"The Mystery of the Blue Train The Mystery of the Blue Train is a work of detective fiction by Agatha Christie, first published in the United Kingdom by William Collins & Sons on 29 March 1928 and in the United States by Dodd, Mead and Company later in the same year. The UK edition retailed at seven shillings and sixpence (7/6) and the US edition at $2.00. The book features her detective Hercule Poirot. Poirot boards Le Train Bleu, bound for the French Riviera. So does Katherine Grey, who is having her first winter out of England, after recently receiving\",\n \"title\": \"The Mystery of the Blue Train\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11478\",\n \"text\": \"former British Army officer, first meets Poirot during Poirot's years as a police officer in Belgium and almost immediately after they both arrive in England. He becomes Poirot's lifelong friend and appears in many cases. Poirot regards Hastings as a poor private detective, not particularly intelligent, yet helpful in his way of being fooled by the criminal or seeing things the way the average man would see them and for his tendency to unknowingly \\\"stumble\\\" onto the truth. Hastings marries and has four children – two sons and two daughters. As a loyal, albeit somewhat naïve companion, Hastings is to\",\n \"title\": \"Hercule Poirot\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7085558\",\n \"text\": \"Black Coffee (novel) Black Coffee is a novelisation by the Australian-born writer and opera expert Charles Osborne of the 1930 play of the same name by crime fiction author Agatha Christie. The novelisation was first published in the United Kingdom by HarperCollins on 2 November 1998 and in the United States by St. Martin's Press on 31 December 1998. It features Christie's famous literary creation Hercule Poirot, a London-based Belgian private detective. Until the 1998 publication of the novel, the play on which it was based was one of the least known pieces in the Christie canon. The publication proved\",\n \"title\": \"Black Coffee (novel)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1714223\",\n \"text\": \"British Weekly\\\" praised the novel but was overly generous in giving away the identity of the murderers. To wit, \\\"The Bodley Head\\\" quoted excerpts from this review in future books by Christie but, understandably, did not use those passages which gave away the identity of the culprits. \\\"Introducing Hercule Poirot, the brilliant – and eccentric – detective who, at a friend's request, steps out of retirement – and into the shadows of a classic mystery on the outskirts of Essex. The victim is the wealthy mistress of Styles Court, found in her locked bedroom with the name of her late\",\n \"title\": \"The Mysterious Affair at Styles\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5506348\",\n \"text\": \"Appointment with Death Appointment with Death is a work of detective fiction by British writer Agatha Christie, first published in the UK by the Collins Crime Club on 2 May 1938 and in the US by Dodd, Mead and Company later in the same year. The UK edition retailed at seven shillings and sixpence (7/6) and the US edition at $2.00. The book features the Belgian detective Hercule Poirot and reflects Christie's experiences travelling in the Middle East with her husband, the archaeologist Sir Max Mallowan. Holidaying in Jerusalem, Poirot overhears Raymond Boynton telling his sister, \\\"You do see, don't\",\n \"title\": \"Appointment with Death\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11437\",\n \"text\": \"Hercule Poirot Hercule Poirot (, ; ) is a fictional Belgian detective, created by Agatha Christie. Poirot is one of Christie's most famous and long-lived characters, appearing in 42 novels, one play (\\\"Black Coffee\\\"), and more than 50 short stories published between 1920 and 1975. Poirot has been portrayed on radio, in film and on television by various actors, including Austin Trevor, John Moffatt, Albert Finney, Peter Ustinov, Ian Holm, Tony Randall, Alfred Molina, Orson Welles, David Suchet, Kenneth Branagh and John Malkovich. Poirot's name was derived from two other fictional detectives of the time: Marie Belloc Lowndes' Hercule Popeau\",\n \"title\": \"Hercule Poirot\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1462675\",\n \"text\": \"Agatha Christie's Poirot Poirot (also known as Agatha Christie's Poirot) is a British mystery drama television series that aired on ITV from 8 January 1989 to 13 November 2013. David Suchet stars as the eponymous detective, Agatha Christie's fictional Hercule Poirot. Initially produced by LWT, the series was later produced by ITV Studios. The series also aired on VisionTV in Canada and on PBS and A&E in the United States. The programme ran for 13 series and 70 episodes in total; each episode was adapted from a novel or short story by Christie that featured Poirot, and consequently in each\",\n \"title\": \"Agatha Christie's Poirot\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"309068\",\n \"text\": \"the Colombian journalist, Cruz studied hundreds of interviews of Vallejo. Cruz had a supporting role in Kenneth Branagh's \\\"Murder on the Orient Express\\\" (2017), the fourth adaptation of Agatha Christie's 1934 novel of the same name. The mystery–drama ensemble film follows world-renowned detective Hercule Poirot, who seeks to solve a murder on the famous European train in the 1930s. Cruz plays missionary and passenger Pilar Estravados, a Hispanic version of the novel's Swedish Greta Ohlsson, opposite Johnny Depp, Michelle Pfeiffer, and Judi Dench. The film has grossed $306 million worldwide and received mixed to positive reviews from critics, with praise\",\n \"title\": \"Penélope Cruz\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2484718\",\n \"text\": \"edition (which is also repeated opposite the title page) reads:Three near escapes from death in three days! Is it accident or design? And then a fourth mysterious incident happens, leaving no doubt that some sinister hand is striking at Miss Buckley, the charming young owner of the mysterious End House. The fourth attempt, unfortunately for the would-be murderer, is made in the garden of a Cornish Riviera hotel where Hercule Poirot, the famous Belgian detective, is staying. Poirot immediately investigates the case and relentlessly unravels a murder mystery that must rank as one of the most brilliant that Agatha Christie\",\n \"title\": \"Peril at End House\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1462695\",\n \"text\": \"favourite. Eastman chose the fourth after having Gunning darken the tone. Suchet travels to Brussels, where he is feted by the police chief and mayor. He then goes to Ellezelles, which claims to be the birthplace of Poirot, and he is shown a birth certificate as proof. It says the date was 1 April, \\\"April Fools' Day\\\" (no year mentioned). Finally, Suchet travels on the Orient Express and recounts filming the episode \\\"Dead Man's Folly\\\" last at Greenway to finish on a high note. Suchet was proud to have completed the entire Poirot canon by the time of the broadcast\",\n \"title\": \"Agatha Christie's Poirot\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1497761\",\n \"text\": \"frost along with snowfall. Spa is quite gloomy year round although averaging both a drier and sunnier climate than nearby locations Stavelot and Malmedy that are also surrounding the race track. The 1975 film \\\"Barry Lyndon\\\" is partly set in Spa during the eighteenth century. The 1975 film \\\"Belle\\\" is wholly set in contemporary Spa and its environs. Agatha Christie's fictional detective Hercule Poirot was born in Spa. Spa is twinned with: Spa, Belgium Spa () is a Belgian town located in the Province of Liège, and the town where the term spa originates. The town of Spa is situated\",\n \"title\": \"Spa, Belgium\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11441\",\n \"text\": \"1960, she felt that he was a \\\"detestable, bombastic, tiresome, ego-centric little creep\\\". Yet the public loved him and Christie refused to kill him off, claiming that it was her duty to produce what the public liked. Captain Arthur Hastings's first description of Poirot: Agatha Christie's initial description of Poirot in \\\"The Murder on the Orient Express\\\": In the later books, his limp is not mentioned, suggesting it may have been a temporary wartime injury. (In \\\"\\\", Poirot admits he was wounded when he first came to England.) Poirot has green eyes that are repeatedly described as shining \\\"like a\",\n \"title\": \"Hercule Poirot\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6481564\",\n \"text\": \"Sacrebleu Sacrebleu is a dated French profanity meant as a cry of surprise or happiness. The expression today is not used in the major French-speaking countries France, Belgium, Canada (Québec) or Switzerland, but in the English-speaking world it is well known from Agatha Christie's books about the fictional Belgian detective Hercule Poirot. Most French dictionaries state \\\"sacrebleu\\\" to be equivalent to \\\"sacredieu\\\". The phrase originated from the words \\\"sacré dieu\\\". At varying points in history this was considered to be taking God's name in vain which is forbidden in the Ten Commandments. It was then changed to 'bleu' (blue) which\",\n \"title\": \"Sacrebleu\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"100827\",\n \"text\": \"detective fiction. Doyle attempted to kill the character off after twenty-three stories, but by popular request, he continued to write the Sherlock Holmes series. Sherlock Holmes is not only referenced as the titular character, but has also influenced many other areas outside of detective fiction. For example, the BBC-produced TV series Sherlock gained a very large fandom after first airing in 2010, imbuing a renewed interest in the character in the general public. Because of the popularity of Holmes, Conan Doyle was often regarded as being “as well-known as Queen Victoria”. Hercule Poirot is a fictional Belgian private detective, created\",\n \"title\": \"Detective fiction\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"373069\",\n \"text\": \"Seychelles Seychelles ( ; French: ), officially the Republic of Seychelles (; Creole: \\\"Repiblik Sesel\\\"), is an archipelago country in the Indian Ocean. The capital of the 115-island country, Victoria, lies east of mainland East Africa. Other nearby island countries and territories include Comoros, Mayotte (region of France), Madagascar, Réunion (region of France) and Mauritius to the south. With a population of roughly , it has the smallest population of any sovereign African country. Seychelles is a member of the African Union, the Southern African Development Community, the Commonwealth of Nations, and the United Nations. After proclamation of independence from\",\n \"title\": \"Seychelles\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1714225\",\n \"text\": \"Novels\\\". The story is told in the first person by Hastings, and features many of the elements that have become icons of the Golden Age of Detective Fiction, largely due to Christie's influence. It is set in a large, isolated country manor. There are a half-dozen suspects, most of whom are hiding facts about themselves. The plot includes a number of red herrings and surprise twists. \\\"The Mysterious Affair at Styles\\\" launched Christie's writing career. Christie and her husband subsequently named their house \\\"Styles\\\". Hercule Poirot, who first appeared in this novel, would go on to become one of the\",\n \"title\": \"The Mysterious Affair at Styles\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1714232\",\n \"text\": \"in the US (the other being \\\"The Secret Adversary\\\"). The copyright on the book will not expire in some Western countries before 2047. The Mysterious Affair at Styles The Mysterious Affair at Styles is a detective novel by British writer Agatha Christie. It was written in the middle of the First World War, in 1916, and first published by John Lane in the United States in October 1920 and in the United Kingdom by The Bodley Head (John Lane's UK company) on 21 January 1921. \\\"Styles\\\" was Christie's first published novel. It introduced Hercule Poirot, Inspector (later, Chief Inspector) Japp,\",\n \"title\": \"The Mysterious Affair at Styles\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11456\",\n \"text\": \"of Police of Brussels, until \\\"the Great War\\\" (World War I) forced him to leave for England. (In \\\"The Mysterious Affair at Styles\\\" Poirot had retired at age 55 in 1905) I had called in at my friend Poirot's rooms to find him sadly overworked. So much had he become the rage that every rich woman who had mislaid a bracelet or lost a pet kitten rushed to secure the services of the great Hercule Poirot. During World War I, Poirot left Belgium for England as a refugee (although he returned a few times). On 16 July 1916 he again\",\n \"title\": \"Hercule Poirot\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11452\",\n \"text\": \"and English, Poirot is also fluent in German. Gustave[...] was not a policeman. I have dealt with policemen all my life and I \\\"know\\\". He could pass as a detective to an outsider but not to a man who was a policeman himself. Hercule Poirot was active in the Brussels police force by 1893. Very little mention is made about this part of his life, but in \\\"The Nemean Lion\\\" (1939) Poirot refers to a Belgian case of his in which \\\"a wealthy soap manufacturer[...] poisoned his wife in order to be free to marry his secretary\\\". As Poirot was\",\n \"title\": \"Hercule Poirot\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13382943\",\n \"text\": \"1490s in poetry Nationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature (for instance, Irish or France). 1491: 1492: 1493: 1494: 1495: 1496: 1497: 1498: 1499: Death years link to the corresponding \\\"[year] in poetry\\\" article. There are conflicting or unreliable sources for the birth years of many people born in this period; where sources conflict, the poet is listed again and the conflict is noted: 1490: 1491: 1492: 1493: 1494: 1495: 1496: 1497: 1498: 1499: Birth years link to the corresponding \\\"[year] in poetry\\\" article: 1490: 1491: 1492: 1493: 1494: 1495: 1496: 1497: 1498: 1499:\",\n \"title\": \"1490s in poetry\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4902924\",\n \"text\": \"a complicated and intricate crime when the Blue Train steams into Nice the following morning and it is discovered that murder has been done. The Mystery of the Blue Train The Mystery of the Blue Train is a work of detective fiction by Agatha Christie, first published in the United Kingdom by William Collins & Sons on 29 March 1928 and in the United States by Dodd, Mead and Company later in the same year. The UK edition retailed at seven shillings and sixpence (7/6) and the US edition at $2.00. The book features her detective Hercule Poirot. Poirot boards\",\n \"title\": \"The Mystery of the Blue Train\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3850430\",\n \"text\": \"A. E. W. Mason Alfred Edward Woodley Mason (7 May 1865 – 22 November 1948) was an English author and politician. He is best remembered for his 1902 novel of courage and cowardice in wartime, \\\"The Four Feathers\\\" and is also known as the creator of Inspector Hanaud, a French detective who was an early template for Agatha Christie's famous Hercule Poirot. His prolific output in short stories and novels were frequently made and remade into films during his lifetime; though many of the silent versions have been lost or forgotten, the Korda productions of \\\"Fire Over England\\\" (1937) and\",\n \"title\": \"A. E. W. Mason\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5624470\",\n \"text\": \"The Clocks The Clocks is a work of detective fiction by Agatha Christie and first published in the UK by the Collins Crime Club on 7 November 1963 and in the US by Dodd, Mead and Company the following year. It features the Belgian detective Hercule Poirot. The UK edition retailed at sixteen shillings (16/-) and the US edition at $4.50. The novel is notable for the fact that Poirot never visits any of the crime scenes or speaks to any of the witnesses or suspects. He is challenged to prove his claim that a crime can be solved by\",\n \"title\": \"The Clocks\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11317\",\n \"text\": \"Agatha Christie Dame Agatha Mary Clarissa Christie, Lady Mallowan, (née Miller; 15 September 1890 – 12 January 1976) was an English writer. She is known for her 66 detective novels and 14 short story collections, particularly those revolving around her fictional detectives Hercule Poirot and Miss Marple. Christie also wrote the world's longest-running play, a murder mystery, \\\"The Mousetrap\\\", and, under the pen name Mary Westmacott, six romances. In 1971 she was appointed a Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire (DBE) for her contribution to literature. Christie was born into a wealthy upper-middle-class family in Torquay, Devon.\",\n \"title\": \"Agatha Christie\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13382944\",\n \"text\": \"Other events: 16th century: 1490s in poetry Nationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature (for instance, Irish or France). 1491: 1492: 1493: 1494: 1495: 1496: 1497: 1498: 1499: Death years link to the corresponding \\\"[year] in poetry\\\" article. There are conflicting or unreliable sources for the birth years of many people born in this period; where sources conflict, the poet is listed again and the conflict is noted: 1490: 1491: 1492: 1493: 1494: 1495: 1496: 1497: 1498: 1499: Birth years link to the corresponding \\\"[year] in poetry\\\" article: 1490: 1491: 1492: 1493: 1494: 1495:\",\n \"title\": \"1490s in poetry\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11479\",\n \"text\": \"Poirot what Watson is to Sherlock Holmes. Hastings is capable of great bravery and courage, facing death unflinchingly when confronted by \\\"The Big Four\\\" and displaying unwavering loyalty towards Poirot. However, when forced to choose between Poirot and his wife in that novel, he initially chooses to betray Poirot to protect his wife. Later, though, he tells Poirot to draw back and escape the trap. The two are an airtight team until Hastings meets and marries Dulcie Duveen, a beautiful music hall performer half his age, after investigating the \\\"Murder on the Links\\\". They later emigrate to Argentina, leaving Poirot\",\n \"title\": \"Hercule Poirot\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8695319\",\n \"text\": \"and showing unwavering loyalty towards Poirot. When forced to choose between Poirot and his wife in that novel, he chose Poirot. The two were an airtight team until Hastings met and married Dulcie Duveen, a beautiful music hall performer he met in \\\"The Murder on the Links\\\". They later emigrated to Argentina, leaving Poirot behind a \\\"very unhappy old man\\\". A mystery writer who is loosely based on Agatha Christie herself. Poirot's secretary, Miss Lemon, has few human weaknesses. The only two mistakes she is ever recorded making are a typing error in \\\"Hickory Dickory Dock\\\" and the mismailing of\",\n \"title\": \"Recurring characters in the Hercule Poirot stories\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1821378\",\n \"text\": \"The Murder of Roger Ackroyd The Murder of Roger Ackroyd is a work of detective fiction by British writer Agatha Christie, first published in June 1926 in the United Kingdom by William Collins, Sons and in the United States by Dodd, Mead and Company on 19 June 1926. It is the third novel to feature Hercule Poirot as the lead detective. Poirot retires to a village near the home of a friend he met in London, Roger Ackroyd, who agrees to keep him anonymous, as he pursues his retirement project of perfecting vegetable marrows. He is not long at this\",\n \"title\": \"The Murder of Roger Ackroyd\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8695318\",\n \"text\": \"Recurring characters in the Hercule Poirot stories This page details the other fictional characters created by Agatha Christie in her stories about the Belgian detective, Hercule Poirot. Hastings first meets Poirot during his years as a private detective in Europe. Almost immediately after they both arrive in England, he becomes Poirot's partner, and appears in many of the novels and stories. Poirot's view of Hastings was of a man with plenty of imagination but not a great deal of brains. Hastings was capable of great bravery when the going got tough, facing death unflinchingly when confronted by the \\\"Big Four\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"Recurring characters in the Hercule Poirot stories\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5624382\",\n \"text\": \"Cat Among the Pigeons Cat Among the Pigeons is a work of detective fiction by Agatha Christie, first published in the UK by the Collins Crime Club on 2 November 1959, and in the US by Dodd, Mead and Company in March 1960 with a copyright date of 1959. The UK edition retailed at twelve shillings and sixpence (12/6), and the US edition at $2.95. It features Christie's Belgian detective, Hercule Poirot, who makes a very late appearance in the final third of the novel. The emphasis on espionage in the early part of the story relates it to Christie's\",\n \"title\": \"Cat Among the Pigeons\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"729631\",\n \"text\": \"— she straddles the boundaries between embodying a symbol and granting the character enough interiority to feel like a flesh and blood woman, too.\\\" Pfeiffer had a supporting role in Kenneth Branagh's \\\"Murder on the Orient Express\\\" (2017), the fourth adaptation of Agatha Christie's 1934 novel of the same name. The mystery–drama ensemble film follows world-renowned detective Hercule Poirot, who seeks to solve a murder on the famous European train in the 1930s. Pfeiffer played an aging socialite with Johnny Depp, Penelope Cruz, and Judi Dench. Pfeiffer sang the song \\\"Never Forget\\\", which plays over the film's closing credits and\",\n \"title\": \"Michelle Pfeiffer\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2020042\",\n \"text\": \"The Murder on the Links The Murder on the Links is a work of detective fiction by Agatha Christie, first published in the UK by The Bodley Head in May 1923, and in the US by Dodd, Mead & Co in the same year. It features Hercule Poirot and Arthur Hastings. The UK edition retailed at seven shillings and sixpence (7/6), and the US edition at $1.75. The story takes place in northern France, giving Poirot a hostile competitor from the Paris Sûreté. Poirot's long memory for past or similar crimes proves useful in resolving the crimes. The book is\",\n \"title\": \"The Murder on the Links\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9710859\",\n \"text\": \"been murdered. The plot revolves around a stolen formula, with Poirot deducing which of Sir Claud's house guests/family members is the killer. \\\"The Times\\\" reviewed the work in its issue of 9 December 1930, saying that, \\\"Mrs Christie steers her play with much dexterity; yet there are times when it is perilously near the doldrums. Always it is saved by Hercule Poirot, the great French [\\\"sic\\\"] detective, who theorizes with the gusto of a man for whom the visible world hardly exists. He carries us with him, for he does not take himself too seriously, and he salts his shrewdness\",\n \"title\": \"Black Coffee (play)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5624488\",\n \"text\": \"(Volume 156, Number 1) issue of \\\"Cosmopolitan\\\" with illustrations by Al Parker. The Clocks The Clocks is a work of detective fiction by Agatha Christie and first published in the UK by the Collins Crime Club on 7 November 1963 and in the US by Dodd, Mead and Company the following year. It features the Belgian detective Hercule Poirot. The UK edition retailed at sixteen shillings (16/-) and the US edition at $4.50. The novel is notable for the fact that Poirot never visits any of the crime scenes or speaks to any of the witnesses or suspects. He is\",\n \"title\": \"The Clocks\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11448\",\n \"text\": \"to despise you. They say – a foreigner – he can't even speak English properly. ... Also I boast! An Englishman he says often, \\\"A fellow who thinks as much of himself as that cannot be worth much.\\\" ... And so, you see, I put people off their guard. In later novels, Christie often uses the word \\\"mountebank\\\" when characters describe Poirot, showing that he has successfully passed himself off as a charlatan or fraud. Poirot's investigating techniques assist him solving cases; \\\"For in the long run, either through a lie, or through truth, people were bound to give themselves\",\n \"title\": \"Hercule Poirot\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11440\",\n \"text\": \"available to solve mysteries at an English country house. At the time of Christie's writing, it was considered patriotic to express sympathy towards the Belgians, since the invasion of their country had constituted Britain's \\\"casus belli\\\" for entering World War I, and British wartime propaganda emphasised the \\\"Rape of Belgium\\\". Poirot first appeared in \\\"The Mysterious Affair at Styles\\\" (published in 1920) and exited in \\\"Curtain\\\" (published in 1975). Following the latter, Poirot was the only fictional character to receive an obituary on the front page of \\\"The New York Times\\\". By 1930, Agatha Christie found Poirot \\\"insufferable\\\", and, by\",\n \"title\": \"Hercule Poirot\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"307847\",\n \"text\": \"results from its complex administrative history before independence. The word \\\"papua\\\" is derived from an old local term of uncertain origin. \\\"New Guinea\\\" (\\\"Nueva Guinea\\\") was the name coined by the Spanish explorer Yñigo Ortiz de Retez. In 1545, he noted the resemblance of the people to those he had earlier seen along the Guinea coast of Africa. Guinea, in its turn, is etymologically derived from the Portuguese word \\\"Guiné\\\". The name is one of several toponyms sharing similar etymologies, ultimately meaning \\\"land of the blacks\\\" or similar meanings, in reference to the dark skin of the inhabitants. In the\",\n \"title\": \"Papua New Guinea\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7581396\",\n \"text\": \"Death on the Nile (1978 film) Death on the Nile is a 1978 British mystery film based on Agatha Christie's 1937 novel of the same name, directed by John Guillermin and adapted by Anthony Shaffer. The film features the Belgian detective Hercule Poirot, played by Peter Ustinov, plus an all-star supporting cast including Maggie Smith, Angela Lansbury, Bette Davis, Mia Farrow, David Niven, George Kennedy and Jack Warden. It takes place in Egypt in 1937, mostly on a period paddle steamer on the Nile River. Many of the cultural highlights of Egypt are also featured in the film, such as\",\n \"title\": \"Death on the Nile (1978 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19175217\",\n \"text\": \"over $351 million worldwide and received mixed reviews from critics, with praise for the cast's performances and the production value, but some criticism for not adding anything new to previous adaptations. A sequel, titled \\\"Death on the Nile\\\", is scheduled for a release on October 2, 2020. In 1934, famous Belgian detective Hercule Poirot solves a theft at the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem. The obsessive-compulsive sleuth — who seeks balance in life, and considers his case-solving ability to see a lie amid truth to be a curse — wants to rest in Istanbul, but must return to\",\n \"title\": \"Murder on the Orient Express (2017 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11451\",\n \"text\": \"appears to be no reference to this in Christie's writings, but the town of Ellezelles cherishes a copy of Poirot's birth certificate in a local memorial 'attesting' Poirot's birth, naming his father and mother as Jules-Louis Poirot and Godelieve Poirot. Christie wrote that Poirot is a Catholic by birth, but not much is described about his later religious convictions, except sporadic references to his \\\"going to church\\\". Christie provides little information regarding Poirot's childhood, only mentioning in \\\"Three Act Tragedy\\\" that he comes from a large family with little wealth, and has at least one younger sister. Apart from French\",\n \"title\": \"Hercule Poirot\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7753286\",\n \"text\": \"Mallowan, \\\"Agatha herself has always been allergic to the adaptation of her books by the cinema, but was persuaded to give a rather grudging appreciation to this one.\\\" According to one report, Christie gave approval because she liked the previous films of the producers, \\\"Romeo and Juliet\\\" and \\\"Tales of Beatrix Potter\\\". Christie's biographer Gwen Robyns quoted her as saying, \\\"It was well made except for one mistake. It was Albert Finney, as my detective Hercule Poirot. I wrote that he had the finest moustache in England — and he didn't in the film. I thought that a pity —\",\n \"title\": \"Murder on the Orient Express (1974 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16547889\",\n \"text\": \"the constituent country have always been officially known as Surinam or Suriname, in both Dutch and English, the colony was often unofficially and semi-officially referred to as Dutch Guiana (Dutch: \\\"Nederlands Guiana\\\") in the 19th and 20th century, in an analogy to British Guiana and French Guiana. Using this term for Suriname is problematic, however, as historically Suriname was only one of many Dutch colonies in the Guianas, others being Berbice, Essequibo, Demerara, and Pomeroon, which after being taken over by the United Kingdom in 1814 were united into British Guiana in 1831. Before 1814, the term Dutch Guiana did\",\n \"title\": \"Suriname (Kingdom of the Netherlands)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8731813\",\n \"text\": \"Roach in poetry. Winner: Nominees: Winner: 2 Finalists: Nominees: Winner: Finalists: Nominees: Winner: Finalists: Nominees: Winner: Nominees: Winner: 2 Finalists: Nominees\\\":\\\" Winner: 2 Finalists: Nominees: Winner: 2 Finalists: Nominees: Winner: Nominees Winner: 2 Finalists: Nominees\\\":\\\" Winner: 2 Finalists: Nominees: Winner: 2 Finalists: Nominees: Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Nominees Winner Nominees Winner Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winners Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Nominees Winner\",\n \"title\": \"Hurston-Wright Legacy Award\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5682254\",\n \"text\": \"for the purposes of fiction, had been almost exhausted. Miss Agatha Christie, however, has invested the type with a new vitality in her Hercule Poirot, and in \\\"Poirot Investigates\\\" she relates some more of his adventures. Poirot is most things that the conventional sleuth is not. He is gay, gallant, transparently vain, and the adroitness with which he solves a mystery has more of the manner of the prestidigitator than of the cold-blooded, relentless tracker-down of crime of most detective stories. He has a Gallic taste for the dramatic, and in \\\"The Tragedy of Marsdon Manor\\\" he perhaps gives it\",\n \"title\": \"Poirot Investigates\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1616400\",\n \"text\": \"each of her detective stories. The result is that, in her latest book, we note qualities of humour, composition and subtlety which we would have thought beyond the reach of the writer of \\\"The Mysterious Affair at Styles\\\". Of course, the gift of bamboozlement, with which Agatha Christie was born, remains, and has never been seen to better advantage than in this close, diverting and largely analytical problem. \\\"Cards on the Table\\\" is perhaps the most perfect of the little grey cells.\\\" \\\"The Scotsman\\\" (19 November 1936) wrote: \\\"There was a time when M. Hercule Poirot thought of going into\",\n \"title\": \"Cards on the Table\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1821426\",\n \"text\": \"The A.B.C. Murders The A.B.C. Murders is a work of detective fiction by British writer Agatha Christie, featuring her characters Hercule Poirot, Arthur Hastings and Chief Inspector Japp, as they contend with a series of killings by a mysterious murderer known only as \\\"A.B.C.\\\". The book was first published in the UK by the Collins Crime Club on 6 January 1936, retailed at seven shillings and sixpence (7/6) while a US edition, published by Dodd, Mead and Company on 14 February of the same year, was retailed at $2.00. The form of the novel is unusual, combining first-person narrative and\",\n \"title\": \"The A.B.C. Murders\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2484701\",\n \"text\": \"Peril at End House Peril at End House is a work of detective fiction by British writer Agatha Christie, first published in the US by the Dodd, Mead and Company in February 1932 and in the UK by the Collins Crime Club in March of the same year. The US edition retailed at $2.00 and the UK edition at seven shillings and sixpence (7/6). The book features Christie's private detective Hercule Poirot, as well as Arthur Hastings and Chief Inspector Japp, and is the sixth novel featuring Poirot. Poirot and Hastings vacation in Cornwall, meeting young Magdala \\\"Nick\\\" Buckley and\",\n \"title\": \"Peril at End House\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1324647\",\n \"text\": \"David Suchet David Suchet, ( ; born 2 May 1946) is an English actor, known for his work on British stage and television. He played Edward Teller in the TV serial \\\"Oppenheimer\\\" and received the RTS and BPG awards for his performance as Augustus Melmotte in the 2001 British serial \\\"The Way We Live Now\\\". He earned international recognition and acclaim for his performance as Agatha Christie's detective Hercule Poirot in \\\"Agatha Christie's Poirot\\\", for which he received a 1991 British Academy of Film and Television Arts (BAFTA) nomination. Suchet was born in London, the son of Joan Patricia (\\\"née\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"David Suchet\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1462700\",\n \"text\": \"it was adapted into a novel in 1998, with the permission of the Christie Estate, it was not previously available in novel format. David Suchet did give a live reading of the original play version for the Agatha Christie Theatre Company, and therefore felt that he had done justice to the entire authentic canon. Agatha Christie's Poirot Poirot (also known as Agatha Christie's Poirot) is a British mystery drama television series that aired on ITV from 8 January 1989 to 13 November 2013. David Suchet stars as the eponymous detective, Agatha Christie's fictional Hercule Poirot. Initially produced by LWT, the\",\n \"title\": \"Agatha Christie's Poirot\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5615171\",\n \"text\": \"Mrs McGinty's Dead Mrs. McGinty's Dead is a work of detective fiction by Agatha Christie first published in the US by Dodd, Mead and Company in February 1952 and in the UK by the Collins Crime Club on 3 March the same year. The US edition retailed at $2.50 and the UK edition nine shillings and sixpence (9/6). The Detective Book Club issued an edition, also in 1952, as Blood Will Tell. The novel features the characters Hercule Poirot and Ariadne Oliver. The story is a \\\"village mystery\\\", a subgenre of whodunit which Christie usually reserved for Miss Marple. The\",\n \"title\": \"Mrs McGinty's Dead\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"878467\",\n \"text\": \"consists of recent first publications usually no older than a few years. Furthermore, only a select few authors have achieved the status of \\\"classics\\\" for their published works. A classic is any text that can be received and accepted universally, because they transcend context. A popular, well known example is Agatha Christie, whose texts, originally published between 1920 and her death in 1976, are available in UK and US editions in all English speaking nations. Christie's works, particularly featuring detectives Hercule Poirot or Miss Jane Marple, have given her the title the 'Queen of Crime' and made her one of\",\n \"title\": \"Crime fiction\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11485869\",\n \"text\": \"has failed to place among the top four teams only once, in 2012.Below is the list of eight nations that have finished in the top two in Thomas Cup. 2018: 2016: 2014: 2012: 2010: 2008: 2006: 2004: 2002: 2000: 1998: 1996: 1994: 1992: 2018: 2016: 2014: 2012: 2010: 2008: 2006: 2004: 2002: 2000: 1998: 1996: 1994: 1992: 1990: 1988: 1986: 1984: 1981: 1978: 1975: 1972: 1969: 2017 2015 2013 2011 2009 Even though they actually have a balance of strength in all events, they are known for producing many great doubles in the men's category. Their doubles had conquered the\",\n \"title\": \"Indonesia national badminton team\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11318\",\n \"text\": \"Before marrying and starting a family in London, she had served in a Devon hospital during the First World War, tending to troops coming back from the trenches. She was initially an unsuccessful writer with six consecutive rejections, but this changed when \\\"The Mysterious Affair at Styles\\\", featuring Hercule Poirot, was published in 1920. During the Second World War, she worked as a pharmacy assistant at University College Hospital, London, acquiring a good knowledge of poisons which feature in many of her novels. \\\"Guinness World Records\\\" lists Christie as the best-selling novelist of all time. Her novels have sold roughly\",\n \"title\": \"Agatha Christie\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11486\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Agatha Christie's Poirot\\\", Japp was portrayed by Philip Jackson. In the film, \\\"Thirteen at Dinner\\\" (1985), adapted from \\\"Lord Edgware Dies\\\", the role of Japp was taken by the actor David Suchet, who would later star as Poirot in the ITV adaptations. The Poirot books take readers through the whole of his life in England, from the first book (\\\"The Mysterious Affair at Styles\\\"), where he is a refugee staying at Styles, to the last Poirot book (\\\"Curtain\\\"), where he visits Styles before his death. In between, Poirot solves cases outside England as well, including his most famous case, \\\"Murder\",\n \"title\": \"Hercule Poirot\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11481\",\n \"text\": \"Poirot describes this in his final farewell letter to Hastings as the catalyst that prompted him to eliminate the man himself, as Poirot \\\"knew\\\" that his friend was not a murderer and refused to let a man capable of manipulating Hastings in such a manner go on. Detective novelist Ariadne Oliver is Agatha Christie's humorous self-caricature. Like Christie, she is not overly fond of the detective whom she is most famous for creating–in Ariadne's case, Finnish sleuth Sven Hjerson. We never learn anything about her husband, but we do know that she hates alcohol and public appearances and has a\",\n \"title\": \"Hercule Poirot\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8047316\",\n \"text\": \"146,401 people born in Jamaica, 21,601 from Barbados, 21,283 from Trinidad and Tobago, 20,872 from Guyana, 9,783 from Grenada, 8,265 from Saint Lucia, 7,983 from Montserrat, 7,091 from Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, 6,739 from Dominica, 6,519 from Saint Kitts and Nevis, 3,891 from Antigua and Barbuda and 498 from Anguilla. Detailed country-of-birth data from the 2011 Census is published separately for England and Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. In England and Wales, 160,095 residents reported their country of birth as Jamaica, 22,872 Trinidad and Tobago, 18,672 Barbados, 9,274 Grenada, 9,096 St Lucia, 7,390 St Vincent and the Grenadines, 7,270\",\n \"title\": \"British African-Caribbean people\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1714211\",\n \"text\": \"Dartmoor. The character of Hercule Poirot was inspired by her experience working as a nurse, ministering to Belgian soldiers during the First World War, and by Belgian refugees who were living in Torquay. The manuscript was rejected by Hodder and Stoughton and Methuen. Christie then submitted the manuscript to The Bodley Head. After keeping the submission for several months, The Bodley Head's founder, John Lane at The Bodley Head offered to accept it, provided that Christie make slight changes to the ending. She revised the next-to-last chapter, changing the setto of Poirot's grand revelation from a courtroom to the Styles\",\n \"title\": \"The Mysterious Affair at Styles\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11449\",\n \"text\": \"away...\\\" At the end, Poirot usually reveals his description of the sequence of events and his deductions to a room of suspects, often leading to the culprit's apprehension. Christie was purposely vague about Poirot's origins, as he is thought to be an elderly man even in the early novels. In \\\"An Autobiography,\\\" she admitted that she already imagined him to be an old man in 1920. At the time, however, she had no idea she would write works featuring him for decades to come. A brief passage in \\\"The Big Four\\\" provides original information about Poirot's birth or at least\",\n \"title\": \"Hercule Poirot\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9262550\",\n \"text\": \"The Alphabet Murders The Alphabet Murders is a British detective film based on the novel \\\"The A.B.C. Murders\\\" by Agatha Christie, starring Tony Randall as Hercule Poirot. Albert Aachen, a clown with a unique diving act, is found dead, the murder weapon happens to be a poison dart. When a woman named Betty Barnard becomes the next victim, detective Hercule Poirot suspects that Sir Carmichael Clarke could be in grave danger. As he and Captain Hastings look into the crimes, a beautiful woman with an interesting monogram named Amanda Beatrice Cross becomes the focus of their investigation, at least until\",\n \"title\": \"The Alphabet Murders\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1415222\",\n \"text\": \"in the back pages of the UK first editions of \\\"The Listerdale Mystery\\\", \\\"Why Didn't They Ask Evans\\\", and \\\"Parker Pyne Investigates\\\" claimed that \\\"Murder on the Orient Express\\\" had proven to be Christie's best-selling book to date and the best-selling book published in the Collins Crime Club series. Murder on the Orient Express Murder on the Orient Express is a detective novel by British writer Agatha Christie featuring the Belgian detective Hercule Poirot. It was first published in the United Kingdom by the Collins Crime Club on 1 January 1934. In the United States, it was published on 28\",\n \"title\": \"Murder on the Orient Express\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14333240\",\n \"text\": \"Chris Agee Christopher Robert Agee (born 18 January 1956, in San Francisco) is a poet, essayist and editor living in Ireland. He holds dual American and Irish citizenship, and has spent most of his adult life in Ireland. He spends part of each year on the Dalmatian island of Korčula, near Dubrovnik, in Croatia. Agee grew up in Massachusetts, New York and Rhode Island. During the last three years of secondary school, he attended Phillips Academy (Andover), before spending a year of French language study at the Université d’Aix-en-Provence in the South of France. He attended Harvard University, where he\",\n \"title\": \"Chris Agee\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11494\",\n \"text\": \"series would span a quarter-century or that the classically trained Suchet would complete the entire catalogue of whodunits featuring the eccentric Belgian investigator, including 33 novels and dozens of short stories.\\\" His final appearance was in an adaptation of \\\"Curtain: Poirot's Last Case\\\", aired on 13 November 2013. During the time that it was filmed, Suchet expressed his sadness at his final farewell to the Poirot character whom he had loved: Poirot's death was the end of a long journey for me. I had only ever wanted to play Dame Agatha's true Poirot [...] He was as real to me\",\n \"title\": \"Hercule Poirot\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10897448\",\n \"text\": \"and Ukraine. Colombia and Samoa have since endorsed the document. \\\"Absent\\\": Chad, Côte d'Ivoire, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Fiji, Gambia, Grenada, Guinea-Bissau, Israel, Kiribati, Kyrgyzstan, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Montenegro, Morocco, Nauru, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Romania, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, São Tomé and Príncipe, Seychelles, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Tajikistan, Togo, Tonga, Turkmenistan, Tuvalu, Uganda, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu. In contrast to the Declaration's initial rejection by Australia, Canada, New Zealand and the United States over legal concerns (all 4 countries later switched their positions to accepting the declaration as a non-legally-binding document), United Nations officials and other world leaders expressed pleasure\",\n \"title\": \"Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"172161\",\n \"text\": \"Most recently, in February 2004, a \\\"coup d'état\\\" originating in the north of the country forced the resignation and exile of President Jean-Bertrand Aristide. A provisional government took control with security provided by the United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti (MINUSTAH). The name Haiti (or \\\"Hayti\\\") comes from the indigenous Taíno language which was the native name given to the entire island of Hispaniola to mean, \\\"land of high mountains.\\\" The \\\"h\\\" is silent in French and the \\\"ï\\\" in \\\"Haïti\\\", is a diacritical mark used to show that the second vowel is pronounced separately, as in the word \\\"naïve\\\".\",\n \"title\": \"Haiti\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3963531\",\n \"text\": \"Five Little Pigs Five Little Pigs is a work of detective fiction by British writer Agatha Christie, first published in the US by Dodd, Mead and Company in May 1942 under the title of Murder in Retrospect and in UK by the Collins Crime Club in January 1943 although some sources state that publication occurred in November 1942. The UK first edition carries a copyright date of 1942 and retailed at eight shillings while the US edition was priced at $2.00. The book features Hercule Poirot. The novel is notable as a rigorous attempt to demonstrate Poirot's repeatedly stated contention\",\n \"title\": \"Five Little Pigs\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5624683\",\n \"text\": \"Third Girl Third Girl is a work of detective fiction by Agatha Christie and first published in the UK by the Collins Crime Club in November 1966 and in the US by Dodd, Mead and Company the following year. The UK edition retailed at eighteen shillings (18/-) and the US edition at $4.50. It features her Belgian detective Hercule Poirot and the recurring character Ariadne Oliver. The novel is notable for being the first in many years in which Poirot is present from beginning to end. It is uncommon in that the investigation includes discovering the first crime, which happens\",\n \"title\": \"Third Girl\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5624694\",\n \"text\": \"Third Girl Third Girl is a work of detective fiction by Agatha Christie and first published in the UK by the Collins Crime Club in November 1966 and in the US by Dodd, Mead and Company the following year. The UK edition retailed at eighteen shillings (18/-) and the US edition at $4.50. It features her Belgian detective Hercule Poirot and the recurring character Ariadne Oliver. The novel is notable for being the first in many years in which Poirot is present from beginning to end. It is uncommon in that the investigation includes discovering the first crime, which happens\",\n \"title\": \"Third Girl\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2166246\",\n \"text\": \"Marajó island of the Amazon river delta in the southeast. Although the Dutch colony of Surinam has always been officially known as Surinam or Suriname, in both Dutch and English, the colony was often unofficially and semi-officially referred to as Dutch Guiana (Dutch: \\\"Nederlands Guiana\\\") in the 19th and 20th century, in an analogy to British Guiana and French Guiana. Using this term for Suriname is problematic, however, as historically Suriname was only one of many Dutch colonies in the Guianas, others being Berbice, Essequibo, Demerara, and Pomeroon, which after being taken over by the United Kingdom in 1814, were\",\n \"title\": \"Dutch colonisation of the Guianas\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11459\",\n \"text\": \"to Hastings, it was chosen by Poirot \\\"entirely on account of its strict geometrical appearance and proportion\\\" and described as the \\\"newest type of service flat\\\". (The Florin Court building was actually built in 1936, decades after Poirot fictionally moved in.) His first case in this period was \\\"The Affair at the Victory Ball\\\", which allowed Poirot to enter high society and begin his career as a private detective. Between the world wars, Poirot travelled all over Europe, Africa, Asia, and half of South America investigating crimes and solving murders. Most of his cases occurred during this time and he\",\n \"title\": \"Hercule Poirot\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5711398\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Ellery Queen's Mystery Magazine\\\" as follows: The Labours of Hercules The Labours of Hercules is a short story collection written by Agatha Christie and first published in the US by Dodd, Mead and Company in 1947 and in the UK by Collins Crime Club in September of the same year. The US edition retailed at $2.50 and the UK edition at eight shillings and sixpence (8/6). It features Belgian detective Hercule Poirot, and gives an account of twelve cases with which he intends to close his career as a private detective. His regular associates (his secretary, Miss Lemon, and valet,\",\n \"title\": \"The Labours of Hercules\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12982660\",\n \"text\": \"French Guiana French Guiana (pronounced or , ; ) is an overseas department and region of France, on the north Atlantic coast of South America in the Guyanas. It borders Brazil to the east and south and Suriname to the west. Since 1981, when Belize became independent, French Guiana has been the only territory of the mainland Americas that is still part of a European country. With a land area of , French Guiana is the second-largest region of France and the largest outermost region within the European Union. It has a very low population density, with only . Half\",\n \"title\": \"French Guiana\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"238180\",\n \"text\": \"Lesotho Lesotho (, ) officially the Kingdom of Lesotho () is an enclaved country within the border of South Africa. It is just over in size and has a population of around /1e6 round 0 million. Its capital and largest city is Maseru. Lesotho was previously the British Crown Colony of Basutoland, but it declared independence from the United Kingdom on 4 October 1966. It is now a fully sovereign state that is a member of the United Nations, the Commonwealth of Nations, and the Southern African Development Community (SADC). The name \\\"Lesotho\\\" roughly translates to \\\"the land of the\",\n \"title\": \"Lesotho\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"572950\",\n \"text\": \"elegant and refined while causing chaos. As rendered by Sellers, Clouseau’s faux French accent became more exaggerated in successive films (for example, pronouncing \\\"room\\\" as \\\"reum\\\"; \\\"Pope\\\" as \\\"Peup\\\"; \\\"bomb\\\" as \\\"beumb\\\"; and \\\"bumps\\\" as \\\"beumps\\\" or \\\"bimps\\\"), and a frequent running gag in the movies was that even French characters had difficulty understanding what he was saying. Much of that humour was lost in the French dubbing, wherein the French post-synchronization gave Clouseau an odd-sounding, nasal voice. Clouseau's immense ego, eccentricity, exaggerated French accent, and prominent mustache were derived from Hercule Poirot, the fictional Belgian detective created by Agatha\",\n \"title\": \"Inspector Clouseau\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11461\",\n \"text\": \"The \\\"mal de mer\\\" – it is horrible suffering! It was during this time he met the Countess Vera Rossakoff, a glamorous jewel thief. The history of the Countess is, like Poirot's, steeped in mystery. She claims to have been a member of the Russian aristocracy before the Russian Revolution and suffered greatly as a result, but how much of that story is true is an open question. Even Poirot acknowledges that Rossakoff offered wildly varying accounts of her early life. Poirot later became smitten with the woman and allowed her to escape justice. It is the misfortune of small,\",\n \"title\": \"Hercule Poirot\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8130046\",\n \"text\": \"mainly Great Britain (United Kingdom), Australia, New Zealand, Canada, France and Ireland. Mauritians Mauritians (singular Mauritian; ; Creole: \\\"Morisien\\\") are nationals or natives of the Republic of Mauritius and their descendants. Mauritius is a multiethnic society, descended from Indian, African, Chinese and European (mostly of French origin) ancestry. Mauritian Creoles trace their origins to the plantation owners and slaves who were brought to work the sugar fields. When slavery was abolished on 1 February 1835, an attempt was made to secure a cheap source of adaptable labour for intensive sugar plantations in Mauritius. Indentured labour began with Chinese, Malay, African\",\n \"title\": \"Mauritians\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11460\",\n \"text\": \"was at the height of his powers at this point in his life. In \\\"The Murder on the Links\\\", the Belgian pits his grey cells against a French murderer. In the Middle East, he solved the cases \\\"Death on the Nile\\\" and \\\"Murder in Mesopotamia\\\" with ease and even survived \\\"An Appointment with Death\\\". As he passed through Eastern Europe on his return trip, he solved \\\"The Murder on the Orient Express\\\". However he did not travel to North America, the West Indies, the Caribbean or Oceania, probably to avoid sea sickness. It is this villainous sea that troubles me!\",\n \"title\": \"Hercule Poirot\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1821414\",\n \"text\": \"novel adaptation on 20 August 2007, adapted and illustrated by Bruno Lachard (). This was translated from the edition first published in France by in 2004 under the title, \\\"Le Meurtre de Roger Ackroyd\\\". The Murder of Roger Ackroyd The Murder of Roger Ackroyd is a work of detective fiction by British writer Agatha Christie, first published in June 1926 in the United Kingdom by William Collins, Sons and in the United States by Dodd, Mead and Company on 19 June 1926. It is the third novel to feature Hercule Poirot as the lead detective. Poirot retires to a village\",\n \"title\": \"The Murder of Roger Ackroyd\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"307913\",\n \"text\": \"be reached by light aircraft or on foot. Jacksons International Airport is the major international airport in Papua New Guinea, located from Port Moresby. In addition to two international airfields, Papua New Guinea has 578 airstrips, most of which are unpaved. Government General information Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea (PNG; , ; ; ), officially the Independent State of Papua New Guinea, is an Oceanian country that occupies the eastern half of the island of New Guinea and its offshore islands in Melanesia, a region of the southwestern Pacific Ocean north of Australia. Its capital, located along its southeastern\",\n \"title\": \"Papua New Guinea\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1719996\",\n \"text\": \"Death in the Clouds Death in the Clouds is a work of detective fiction by British writer Agatha Christie, first published in the US by Dodd, Mead and Company on 10 March 1935 under the title of Death in the Air and in UK by the Collins Crime Club in the July of the same year under Christie's original title. The US edition retailed at $2.00 and the UK edition at seven shillings and sixpence (7/6). The book features the Belgian detective Hercule Poirot, and Chief Inspector Japp. Hercule Poirot travels back to England on the midday flight from Paris\",\n \"title\": \"Death in the Clouds\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1821389\",\n \"text\": \"have to be elucidated before the true criminal can be discovered\\\". The review then gave a brief synopsis before concluding with \\\"It is all very puzzling, but the great Hercule Poirot, a retired Belgian detective, solves the mystery. It may safely be asserted that very few readers will do so.\\\" A long review in \\\"The New York Times Book Review\\\", read in part: There are doubtless many detective stories more exciting and blood-curdling than \\\"The Murder of Roger Ackroyd\\\", but this reviewer has recently read very few which provide greater analytical stimulation. This story, though it is inferior to them\",\n \"title\": \"The Murder of Roger Ackroyd\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"238231\",\n \"text\": \"the world for gender parity, while neighboring South Africa ranks 17th. Lesotho Lesotho (, ) officially the Kingdom of Lesotho () is an enclaved country within the border of South Africa. It is just over in size and has a population of around /1e6 round 0 million. Its capital and largest city is Maseru. Lesotho was previously the British Crown Colony of Basutoland, but it declared independence from the United Kingdom on 4 October 1966. It is now a fully sovereign state that is a member of the United Nations, the Commonwealth of Nations, and the Southern African Development Community\",\n \"title\": \"Lesotho\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11629725\",\n \"text\": \"largely the result of British expertise and technology: towards the end of the 19th century, Scottish engineer George Slight designed and constructed 70 lighthouses, most of which are still in operation. Chile currently has the largest population descendants of British in Latin America. Over 700,000 Chileans may have British (English, Scottish and Welsh) or Irish origin, amounting to about 4% of Chile's population. Also to note is that the Australian prime minister Chris Watson was born in Valparaiso of British/New Zealand and German-Chilean parentage. Isabel Allende's first husband, Michael Frias, is of significant British ancestry. British Chilean The British Chileans\",\n \"title\": \"British Chilean\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"543926\",\n \"text\": \"is pending. In Africa, as of September 2018, homosexuality is legal in 20 of 54 countries (Benin, Burkina Faso, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Djibouti, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Guinea-Bissau, Ivory Coast, Lesotho, Madagascar, Mali, Mozambique, Niger, Republic of the Congo, Rwanda, São Tomé and Príncipe, Seychelles and South Africa) and in all 8 territories (Canary Islands, Ceuta, French Southern and Antarctic Lands, Madeira, Mayotte, Melilla, Réunion and Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha) by a total of 28. However, in a few countries in Africa where homosexuality is illegal the penalty is not enforced\",\n \"title\": \"Violence against LGBT people\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"307839\",\n \"text\": \"Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea (PNG; , ; ; ), officially the Independent State of Papua New Guinea, is an Oceanian country that occupies the eastern half of the island of New Guinea and its offshore islands in Melanesia, a region of the southwestern Pacific Ocean north of Australia. Its capital, located along its southeastern coast, is Port Moresby. The western half of New Guinea forms the Indonesian provinces of Papua and West Papua. At the national level, after being ruled by three external powers since 1884, Papua New Guinea established its sovereignty in 1975. This followed nearly 60\",\n \"title\": \"Papua New Guinea\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7676573\",\n \"text\": \"Evil Under the Sun (1982 film) Evil Under the Sun is a 1982 British mystery film based on the 1941 novel of the same name by Agatha Christie. It was directed by Guy Hamilton, and stars Peter Ustinov in his second theatrical appearance as the Belgian detective Hercule Poirot. A hiker finds a dead woman on the Yorkshire moors; the victim, who has been strangled, is identified as Alice Ruber. Shortly afterwards, Belgian detective Hercule Poirot (Peter Ustinov) examines a diamond belonging to millionaire industrialist Sir Horace Blatt (Colin Blakely), and declares it a fake. Assured that Sir Horace gave\",\n \"title\": \"Evil Under the Sun (1982 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1324676\",\n \"text\": \"Scotland would vote to remain part of the United Kingdom in September's referendum on that issue. David Suchet David Suchet, ( ; born 2 May 1946) is an English actor, known for his work on British stage and television. He played Edward Teller in the TV serial \\\"Oppenheimer\\\" and received the RTS and BPG awards for his performance as Augustus Melmotte in the 2001 British serial \\\"The Way We Live Now\\\". He earned international recognition and acclaim for his performance as Agatha Christie's detective Hercule Poirot in \\\"Agatha Christie's Poirot\\\", for which he received a 1991 British Academy of Film\",\n \"title\": \"David Suchet\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14235434\",\n \"text\": \"require a visa to the following countries: <br> <br> The card must be used in conjunction with a passport and has the following advantages: Many African countries, including Angola, Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Rwanda, São Tomé and Príncipe, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Uganda, Zambia require all incoming passengers to have a current International Certificate of Vaccination. Some other countries require vaccination only if the passenger is coming from an infected area. Many countries require passport validity of\",\n \"title\": \"Visa requirements for Russian citizens\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4552685\",\n \"text\": \"British diaspora in Africa The British diaspora in Africa is a population group broadly defined as English-speaking white Africans of mainly (but not only) British descent who live in or come from Sub-Saharan Africa. The majority live in South Africa and other Southern African countries including Zimbabwe (Southern Rhodesia), Namibia (South West Africa), Botswana (Bechuanaland Protectorate), Zambia (Northern Rhodesia), Lesotho (Basutoland) and Swaziland (Formerly under British rule). There are also sizable numbers in Kenya (Kenya Colony), Nigeria (British Nigeria) and Ghana (Gold Coast Colony). Their first language is usually English. The majority of white Africans who speak English as a\",\n \"title\": \"British diaspora in Africa\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3685205\",\n \"text\": \"detective Hercule Poirot—one of the longest gaps in the entire series. Christie, who often admitted that she did not like Poirot (a fact parodied by her recurring novelist character Ariadne Oliver), particularly disliked his appearance in this novel. His late arrival, jarring, given the established atmosphere, led Christie to claim in her \\\"\\\" that she \\\"ruined [her own novel] by the introduction of Poirot\\\". Agatha Christie's successful career foresaw the use of her eight owned houses as settings for her novels, which were Taken at the Flood, Dead Man's Folly, Five Little Pigs, A Pocket Full of Rye, and Crooked\",\n \"title\": \"The Hollow\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12516751\",\n \"text\": \"Guyanese people Guyanese people are people identified with the country of Guyana, which is located on the northern coast of South America and is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean, Brazil, Venezuela and Surinam. Geographically, Guyana is part of the South American mainland, however it is much more similar to the nearby island nations of the Caribbean such as Trinidad and Tobago, Barbados, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines and Grenada with respect to culture. In fact, Guyana is considered a Caribbean country even though it is not an island nation located in the Caribbean Sea, as are most Caribbean nations. Guyana\",\n \"title\": \"Guyanese people\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11358\",\n \"text\": \"in 2015. As part of that deal, the BBC broadcast \\\"Partners In Crime\\\" and \\\"And Then There Were None\\\", both in 2015. Subsequent productions have included \\\"The Witness for the Prosecution\\\" but plans to televise \\\"Ordeal by Innocence\\\" at Christmas 2017 were delayed due to controversy surrounding one of the cast members. The three-part adaptation aired in April 2018. A three-part adaptation of \\\"The A.B.C. Murders\\\" starring John Malkovich and Rupert Grint began filming in June 2018 for later broadcast. Christie's first book, \\\"The Mysterious Affair at Styles\\\", was published in 1920 and introduced the detective Hercule Poirot, who became\",\n \"title\": \"Agatha Christie\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"compressed_ctxs_1":{"kind":"string","value":"{\n \"compressed_prompt\": \"Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\\n\\ntitle: Hercule Poirot context: \\\"little grey cells\\\". Poirot also bears a striking resemblance to A. E. W. Mason's fictional detective, Inspector Hanaud of the French Sûreté, who first appeared in the 1910 novel \\\"At the Villa Rose\\\" and predates the first Poirot novel by ten years. Unlike the models mentioned above, Christie's Poirot was clearly the result of her early development of the detective in her first book, written in 1916 and published in 1920. His Belgian nationality was interesting because of Belgium's occupation by Germany, which also provided a plausible explanation of why such a skilled detective would be out of work and\\n\\nWhat is the native country of Agatha Chrisitie's detective Hercule Poirot?\",\n \"compressed_tokens\": 201,\n \"origin_tokens\": 201,\n \"ratio\": \"1.0x\",\n \"saving\": \", Saving $0.0 in GPT-4.\"\n}"},"compressed_ctxs_100":{"kind":"string","value":"{\n \"compressed_prompt\": \"Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\\n\\ntitle: Hercule Poirot context: was at the height of his powers at this point in his life. In \\\"The Murder on the Links\\\", the Belgian pits his grey cells against a French murderer. In the Middle East, he solved the cases \\\"Death on the Nile\\\" and \\\"Murder in Mesopotamia\\\" with ease and even survived \\\"An Appointment with Death\\\". As he passed through Eastern Europe on his return trip, he solved \\\"The Murder on the Orient Express\\\". However he did not travel to North America, the West Indies, the Caribbean or Oceania, probably to avoid sea sickness. It is this villainous sea that troubles me!\\n\\ntitle: Hercule Poirot context appears to no reference this Christie's writings but the town of Ellezelles cher a copy of Poirot's birth in a mem 'attesting Poirot's birth, naming his father and mother Jules-Louis Poirot and Godelieve Poirot. Christie wrote that Poirot is Catholic by birth, but not is described about his later religious convictions, sporadic references to hisgoing to church\\\". Christie provides little regarding Poirot's childhood, only mentioning in \\\"Three Act Tragedy\\\" that comes from large family with little wealth, and has at least one younger sister.part from French\\ntitle: Hercule Poirot: English Poiro fluent German[ was polic Ialt polic all my and could pass as a detective to an outs a polic himself.cule Pot was the Bruss force by 18 little is made about of life, \\\" N\\\" (1) Poiro refers to a case wealthy manufact poison wife order to marry secretary As Poirot was characters in storiesing characters in the the characters in her stories about the. H first his Europe.most they in and. Poirot's view of Hastings was of a man with plenty of imagination but not a great deal of brains. Hastings was capable of great bravery when the going got tough, facing death unflinchingly when confronted by the \\\"Big Four\\\"\\n\\nWhat is the native country of Agatha Chrisitie's detective Hercule Poirot?\",\n \"compressed_tokens\": 477,\n \"origin_tokens\": 15154,\n \"ratio\": \"31.8x\",\n \"saving\": \", Saving $0.9 in GPT-4.\"\n}"}}},{"rowIdx":270,"cells":{"id":{"kind":"number","value":270,"string":"270"},"question":{"kind":"string","value":"What was the hometown of Sgt. Snorkel in Beetle Bailey?"},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["Pork Corners, Kansas"],"string":"[\n \"Pork Corners, Kansas\"\n]","isConversational":false},"target":{"kind":"string","value":"Pork Corners, Kansas"},"ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"id":"1551920","text":"Features Syndicate, was animated by Paramount Cartoon Studios in the U.S. and Artransa Film Studios in Sydney, Australia, and was first broadcast in Beetle Bailey (1963 TV series) and Beetle Bailey (1989 TV series). The opening credits included the sound of a bugle reveille, followed by a theme song specifically composed for the cartoon: The repeat of the name of Beetle Bailey is shouted by an angry Sgt. Snorkel. Beetle was voiced by comic actor and director Howard Morris with Allan Melvin as the voice of Sarge. Other King Features properties, such as \"Snuffy Smith\" and \"Krazy Kat\", also appeared","title":"Beetle Bailey"},{"id":"1551912","text":"a college student at Rockview University. The characters in that early strip were modeled after Walker's Kappa Sigma fraternity brothers at the University of Missouri. On March 13, 1951, during the strip's first year, Beetle quit school and enlisted in the U.S. Army, where he has remained ever since. Most of the humor in \"Beetle Bailey\" revolves around the inept characters stationed at Camp Swampy (inspired by Camp Crowder, where Walker had once been stationed while in the Army), which is located near the town of Hurleyburg at \"Parris Island, S.C.\". Private Bailey is a lazy sort who usually naps","title":"Beetle Bailey"},{"id":"1551915","text":"style. He can only be seen without it once—in the original strip when he was still a college student. The strip was pulled and never ran in any newspaper. It has only been printed in various books on the strip's history. One daily strip had Sarge scare Beetle's hat off, but Beetle was wearing sunglasses. One running gag has Sergeant Snorkel hanging helplessly from a small tree branch after having fallen off a cliff (first time August 16, 1956). While he is never shown falling off, or even walking close to the edge of a cliff, he always seems to","title":"Beetle Bailey"},{"id":"1551913","text":"and avoids work, and thus is often the subject of verbal and physical chastising from his superior officer, Sergeant Snorkel. The characters never seem to see combat themselves, with the exception of mock battles and combat drills. In fact, they seem to be in their own version of stereotypical comic strip purgatory (initially basic training, they now appear to be stuck in time in a regular infantry division). The uniforms of Beetle Bailey are still the uniforms of the late 1940s to early 1970s Army, with green fatigues and baseball caps as the basic uniform, and the open jeep as","title":"Beetle Bailey"},{"id":"1551921","text":"in the syndicated series, under the collective title \"Beetle Bailey and His Friends\". June Foray did the voice of Bunny, plus all of the female characters involved. A 30-minute animated TV special co-written by Mort Walker and Hank Saroyan was produced for CBS in 1989, but did not air due to management changes at the CBS network. It has been released on DVD alongside the 1960s cartoons. Greg Whalen played Beetle, Bob Bergen portrayed Killer, Henry Corden was Sgt. Snorkel, Frank Welker was both Zero and Otto, Linda Gary voiced both Miss Buxley and Ms. Blips and General Halftrack was","title":"Beetle Bailey"},{"id":"6689039","text":"Crowder in the 1940s and when he created the 1960s-era \"The Dick Van Dyke Show\", he made the post the setting where Rob and Laura Petrie, portrayed by actors Dick Van Dyke and Mary Tyler Moore, met; Rob was a sergeant in Special Services and Laura was a USO dancer. Cartoonist Mort Walker was also stationed there and drew inspiration for Camp Swampy of his \"Beetle Bailey\" comic strip. Jean Shepherd featured many stories of his time at Camp Crowder in various monologues. The post is also notable as the birthplace of landmark LabVIEW programmer Michael Porter. In 1946, the","title":"Fort Crowder"},{"id":"1551911","text":"Beetle Bailey Beetle Bailey (begun on September 4, 1950) is an American comic strip created by cartoonist Mort Walker. It is set on a fictional United States Army post. In the years just before Walker's death in 2018 (at age 94), it was among the oldest comic strips still being produced by its original creator. Over the years, Mort Walker had been assisted by (among others) Jerry Dumas, Bob Gustafson, Frank Johnson and Walker's sons Neal, Brian and Greg Walker. After Mort Walker's death, his granddaughter Janie Walker-Yates and her husband Mike Yates began illustrating the strip. Beetle was originally","title":"Beetle Bailey"},{"id":"12557737","text":"as the widespread usage of \"shit on a shingle\" for chipped beef. Certain military expressions, like friendly fire, are a frequent source of satirical humor. Notable cartoonists of military humor include Bill Mauldin, Dave Breger, George Baker, Shel Silverstein and Vernon Grant. The best-known comic strip about military life is Mort Walker's long-run \"Beetle Bailey\", set in a United States Army military post where a number of inept characters are stationed. Also notable are George Baker's \"Sad Sack\" and Dave Breger's \"Private Breger\". When Roy Crane created the \"Buz Sawyer\" Sunday strip, he put the emphasis not on Sawyer but","title":"Military humor"},{"id":"1551923","text":"plot introduced a wayward computer that promoted Bailey to three-star general. Beetle Bailey Beetle Bailey (begun on September 4, 1950) is an American comic strip created by cartoonist Mort Walker. It is set on a fictional United States Army post. In the years just before Walker's death in 2018 (at age 94), it was among the oldest comic strips still being produced by its original creator. Over the years, Mort Walker had been assisted by (among others) Jerry Dumas, Bob Gustafson, Frank Johnson and Walker's sons Neal, Brian and Greg Walker. After Mort Walker's death, his granddaughter Janie Walker-Yates and","title":"Beetle Bailey"},{"id":"1551914","text":"the basic military vehicle. Sergeant First Class Snorkel wears a green Class A Army dress uniform with heavily wrinkled garrison cap; the officers wear M1 helmet liners painted with their insignia. Despite this 'anachronism,' modern weapons and equipment do make rare appearances. While Beetle Bailey's unit is Company A, one running gag is that the characters are variously seen in different branches of the Army, such as artillery, armor, infantry and paratroops. Beetle is always seen with a hat or helmet covering his forehead and eyes. Even on leave, his \"civvies\" include a pork pie hat worn in the same","title":"Beetle Bailey"},{"id":"1420033","text":"art director of the college's humor magazine, \"Showme\", and was president of the local Kappa Sigma chapter. After graduation, Walker went to New York to pursue a career in cartooning. He began doing \"Spider\", a one-panel series for \"The Saturday Evening Post\", about a lazy, laid-back college student. When he decided he could make more money doing a multi-panel comic strip, \"Spider\" morphed into \"Beetle Bailey\", eventually distributed by King Features Syndicate to 1,800 newspapers in more than 50 countries for a combined readership of 200 million daily. In 1954, Walker and Dik Browne teamed to launch \"Hi and Lois\",","title":"Mort Walker"},{"id":"12433628","text":"prized possessions is the first drawing of Mickey Mouse, by Ub Iwerks for the character's film debut in \"Plane Crazy\" (1928). Begun in 1974, the Hall of Fame was renamed the William Randolph Hearst Cartoon Hall of Fame in 1997 after a sponsorship was provided by the Hearst Foundation. The 31 inductees, chosen by non-cartoonist authorities, are: National Cartoon Museum The National Cartoon Museum was an American museum dedicated to the collection, preservation and exhibition of cartoons, comic strips and animation. It was the brainchild of Mort Walker, creator of \"Beetle Bailey\". The museum opened in 1974, went through several","title":"National Cartoon Museum"},{"id":"1420028","text":"Mort Walker Addison Morton Walker (September 3, 1923 – January 27, 2018) was an American comic strip writer, best known for creating the newspaper comic strips \"Beetle Bailey\" in 1950 and \"Hi and Lois\" in 1954. He signed Addison to some of his strips. Walker was born in El Dorado, Kansas, as the third of four children in the family. His siblings were Peggy W. Harman (1915–2012), Robin Ellis Walker (1918–2013) and Marilou W. White (b. 1927). After a couple of years, his family moved to Amarillo, Texas, and later to Kansas City, Missouri, in late 1927, where his father,","title":"Mort Walker"},{"id":"6884297","text":"old movies, the day would come when movie theaters would turn to vintage television for product. This prediction came true with the advent of such TV-based films as \"\" and \"Star Trek\". \"Mister Breger\" also received comic book reprints in \"The Katzenjammer Kids\" (1947), \"Popeye\" (1967), \"Beetle Bailey\" (1969) and \"Flint Comix and Entertainment\" (2009–10). In 1946, Breger became a founding member of the National Cartoonists Society. Dave and Dorathy Breger settled in West Nyack, New York, where they had three children—Dee, Lois and Harry. They were, according to Breger, \"all three artistic\". In the 1960s, Breger taught a cartooning","title":"Dave Breger"},{"id":"11149636","text":"a small township about 20 miles from Wagga Wagga on 17 September 1928. In May 1929 he transferred to Gundagai, and then from May 1932 to April 1939 served successively at Narrandera, Deniliquin and Balranald. He was promoted to constable first class on 23 April 1938. On 20 April 1939 he moved, this time to Moruya, here he was highly commended for his part in the rescue of survivors from the fishing trawler, \"Dureenbee\", which had been attacked by a Japanese submarine on 3 August 1942. He was transferred for the final time, to Blayney, just eight days before his","title":"Eric Bailey (GC)"},{"id":"3946586","text":"G. W. Bailey George William Bailey (born August 27, 1944) is an American stage, television and film actor. Although he appeared in many dramatic roles, he may be best remembered for his \"crusty\" comedic characters such as Staff Sergeant Luther Rizzo in \"M*A*S*H\" (TV series 1979–1983); Lieutenant/Captain Thaddeus Harris in the \"Police Academy\" films (1984–1994) and Captain Felix Maxwell in \"Mannequin\" (1987). He played the role of Detective Lieutenant Louie Provenza on TNT's television crime drama \"The Closer\", and its spinoff series \"Major Crimes\", from 2005 to 2018. Bailey was born in Port Arthur, Texas. He went to Thomas Jefferson","title":"G. W. Bailey"},{"id":"6604895","text":"it snows, Beacon Hill, or Jacob's Ladder, are where many young people and older people gather for snowballing or sledging. The rabbit warren where Cowslip lived in Richard Adams' Watership Down was in High Wood, just north-east of Burghclere village. Burghclere Burghclere is a village and civil parish in Hampshire, England. According to the 2011 census the village had a population of 1,152. The village is near the border of Hampshire with Berkshire, four miles south of Newbury. It is also very close to Newtown and Old Burghclere. Work by the 20th-century artist Stanley Spencer can be found in the","title":"Burghclere"},{"id":"1551917","text":"strip. While many of the older characters are rarely seen, almost none have been completely retired. The early strip was set at Rockview University. When Beetle joined the Army, all of the other characters were dropped (although both incarnations of the strip include a spectacled intellectual named Plato). Four characters from the original cast (Bitter Bill, Diamond Jim, Freshman, and Sweatsock) made at least one appearance, in the January 5, 1963 strip. Beetle's family, etc.: Camp Swampy: Numerous one-shot characters have appeared over the years, mostly unnamed, including an inspector general who looks like Alfred E. Neuman, and various officers","title":"Beetle Bailey"},{"id":"8731813","text":"Roach in poetry. Winner: Nominees: Winner: 2 Finalists: Nominees: Winner: Finalists: Nominees: Winner: Finalists: Nominees: Winner: Nominees: Winner: 2 Finalists: Nominees\":\" Winner: 2 Finalists: Nominees: Winner: 2 Finalists: Nominees: Winner: Nominees Winner: 2 Finalists: Nominees\":\" Winner: 2 Finalists: Nominees: Winner: 2 Finalists: Nominees: Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Nominees Winner Nominees Winner Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winners Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Nominees Winner","title":"Hurston-Wright Legacy Award"},{"id":"6750086","text":"Bruderheim Bruderheim is a town in the Edmonton Capital Region of Alberta, Canada. It is located just north of the junction of Highway 15 and Highway 45, approximately northeast of Edmonton. The town's name is derived from two German words: \"Bruder\" meaning brother and the suffix \"-heim\" meaning home. In English, it translates to \"Home of the Brother\". The Bruderheim area was the recipient of a notable meteorite fall on March 4, 1960—the Bruderheim meteorite. Bruderheim Arena served as a shooting location for the 2005 film \"Santa's Slay\". In the 2016 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, the Town","title":"Bruderheim"},{"id":"1420039","text":"in 1985. His second wife was Catherine Prentice, whom he married on August 24, 1985. Mort had three step-children via Cathy and her previous marriage. Walker died from complications of pneumonia on January 27, 2018, at his home in Stamford, Connecticut. He was 94 years old. He was interred at Willowbrook Cemetery in Westport, Connecticut. Mort Walker Addison Morton Walker (September 3, 1923 – January 27, 2018) was an American comic strip writer, best known for creating the newspaper comic strips \"Beetle Bailey\" in 1950 and \"Hi and Lois\" in 1954. He signed Addison to some of his strips. Walker","title":"Mort Walker"},{"id":"1125945","text":"rainy season. The cartoonist Mort Walker, who was stationed there, later used it for his fictional \"Camp Swampy\" in his long-running newspaper comic strip, \"Beetle Bailey\". Camp Crowder was deactivated in 1951. While the core of the post was retained, many of the temporary barracks were declared surplus and sold. The base's movie theatre was disassembled and reassembled on the campus of what is today the University of Missouri – Kansas City. It served as the Kansas City Playhouse until being torn down for a new theatre. A portion of its wall, which contains statues of Comedy and Tragedy, are","title":"Neosho, Missouri"},{"id":"4188655","text":"every Christmas and puts on concerts in and around the surrounding area. They also compete in the 1st Section of the National Brass Band Championships of Great Britain. Famous people from Otterbourne include Chris Tremlett who plays cricket for England and Surrey, and novelist Charlotte Mary Yonge. The village of Otterbourne, on the stream Otter Bourne, lies on the old Roman road between \"Venta Belgarum\" (Winchester) and \"Clausentum\" (Southampton). It appears in the Domesday Book as Otrebourne. The physicist Sir Isaac Newton lodged at Cranbury House in his twilight years, and John Keble, a leader of the Oxford Movement, settled","title":"Otterbourne"},{"id":"18908598","text":"president and is widely admired. The rash eventually fades from his head, but Charlie Brown still fears that the next round thing he expects to see—a sunrise—may continue to look like a baseball. When the sun does rise, it instead looks like Neuman, with a halo reading: \"What! Me Worry?\"! Neuman also appeared as a sight gag in the March 27, 1967 installment of the comic strip \"Beetle Bailey\", as an inspector general. He can also be spotted in \"The Amazing Spider-Man\" #300, helping Peter Parker and Mary Jane move into their new house, while saying, \"Darn! I'm missing the","title":"Alfred E. Neuman"},{"id":"7905719","text":"following a call from police that an unexploded hand grenade had been discovered. The number 36 Mills grenade was then destroyed by demolition. We suspect someone has disposed of it in the field which is highly irresponsible and we would urge this person to contact the police in future.” Middleton Primary School was closed as a result of the find. On 23 November 1944 a Mosquito aircraft which had taken off from nearby Little Snoring airfield crashed into Middleton Fen. Eyewitnesses saw the plane spiralling out of a cloud. It then righted itself before spinning into the ground. Both the","title":"Middleton, Norfolk"},{"id":"8113453","text":"life of World War II secret agent Violette Szabo. Szabo (\"nee\" Bushell) stayed occasionally in the village from childhood until just before her final mission, at a house then called The Old Kennels, which was the home of her cousins the Lucas family. Wormelow Tump Wormelow Tump is a village in Herefordshire, England, south of Hereford and northwest of Ross-on-Wye. The tump itself was a mound which local tradition holds was the burial place of King Arthur's son Amr. The tump was flattened to widen the road in 1896. Wormelow gave its name to a hundred. The Domesday Book mentions","title":"Wormelow Tump"},{"id":"8696278","text":"Its legend has grown, however, because one of the participants simply walked away from the scene, never to be seen again. The incident began with an argument between two local lawmen, Billy Bailey and Mike McCluskie. The two men began arguing on August 11, 1871, over local politics on election day in the \"Red Front Saloon\", located in downtown Newton. The argument developed into a fist fight, with Bailey being knocked outside the saloon and into the street. McCluskie followed, drawing his pistol. He fired two shots at Bailey, hitting him with the second shot in the chest. Bailey died","title":"Gunfight at Hide Park"},{"id":"1167573","text":"resurgence of residential and commercial development in Somers for the next 20 years. Somers grew most rapidly during the 1980s and 1990s, after IBM and PepsiCo built large corporate facilities within it. Somers is known for being the \"cradle of the American circus\". It gained this notoriety after Hachaliah Bailey bought an African elephant, which he named \"Old Bet\". Somers was in a minor dispute with Baraboo, Wisconsin, over which community is the \"birthplace\" of the American circus. Bailey intended to use the elephant for farm work, but the number of people it attracted caused Bailey to take her throughout","title":"Somers, New York"},{"id":"3995701","text":"company, where he created the trademark logo for Chiquita. In 1954, Browne and cartoonist Mort Walker co-created the comic strip \"Hi and Lois\", a spin-off of Walker's popular \"Beetle Bailey\" strip, featuring Beetle's sister, brother-in-law and their family. Walker wrote the strip, which Browne illustrated until his death. The series is now drawn by his son Chance and written by Walker's sons. In 1973, Browne created \"Hägar the Horrible\" about an ill-mannered red-bearded medieval viking. The comic is now produced by his son Chris. Both strips have been successful, appearing in hundreds of newspapers for decades. Browne died of cancer","title":"Dik Browne"},{"id":"3149079","text":"the 1990s construction, a length of the River Tame was diverted and canalised. A Wetherspoons pub, the Arthur Robertson, opened later is named after Arthur (known as \"Archie\") Robertson – Birchfield Harriers' first Olympic gold medallist (1908). A memorial to PC Malcolm Walker, of the West Midlands Police is situated outside shops on the city-bound side of Birchfield Road. He died on 4 October 2001, when his motorcycle was struck during a police pursuit. The site of the former Perry Hall is now Perry Hall Park. Perry Park hosted the Birmingham Carnival in 2005. Major roads in the ward and","title":"Perry Barr"},{"id":"9526841","text":"Thomas Mynors Baskerville in 1839. It is said that Sir Arthur Conan Doyle was a family friend and visitor, with obvious consequences. Clyro Court Farm is much older, being a former monastic grange with some of the buildings dating back to the 14th century. Francis Kilvert was curate of the parish church from 1865 to 1872 and much of his published diaries deal with the people and landscape of Clyro and the surrounding area. This part of Wales, including the villages of Clyro, Capel-y-ffin, Llowes, Glasbury, Llanigon, Painscastle, and the town of Hay-on-Wye, as well as Clifford and Whitney-on-Wye in","title":"Clyro"},{"id":"7200252","text":"railway connection through the \"Biggetalbahn\" to Olpe in the north and through the \"Asdorftalbahn\" to Betzdorf in the south. Nowadays, a great deal of the former right-of-way has been turned into bicycle trails or filled in with earth. Former mayor Hermann Vomhof is at this time Freudenberg's only honorary citizen. Freudenberg is the ancestral village of Apollo XI Astronaut Buzz Aldrin, a descendant of Freudenberg Burgermeister Jacob Friesenhagen, circa 1660. Freudenberg, Westphalia Freudenberg is a town in the Siegen-Wittgenstein district, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. The town lies on the German-Dutch holiday road called the Orange Route, joining towns, cities and","title":"Freudenberg, Westphalia"},{"id":"8251970","text":"ground flora includes Dog's Mercury (\"Mercurialis perennis\"), Bluebell (\"Hyacinthoides non-scripta\"), Stinking Iris (\"Iris foetidissima\"), Traveller's Joy (\"Clematis vitalba\") and Slender False Brome (\"Brachypodium sylvaticum\"). Cleeve Wood, Hanham Cleeve Wood, Hanham is a () is an 8.9 hectare biological Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) in South Gloucestershire, notified in 1966. Cleeve Wood is situated on the steep south facing slopes of the River Avon valley near to the City of Bristol. The primary scientific interest of the wood is the particularly large population of Bath Asparagus (\"Ornithogalum pyrenaicum\") which it supports. The Bath Asparagus in Cleeve Wood represents what is","title":"Cleeve Wood, Hanham"},{"id":"17792435","text":"1907: 1908: 1909: 1910: 1911: 1912: 1913: 1914: 1915: 1917: 1918: 1920: 1921: 1922: 1923: 1925: 1926: 1927: 1928: 1929: 1930: 1931: 1932: 1933: 1934: 1935: 1936: 1937: 1938: 1940: 1941: 1942: 1943: 1945: 1946: 1947: 1949: 1950: 1951: 1955: 1957: 1959: 1962: 1963: 1964: 1965: 1966: 1969: 1970: 1971: 1972: 1975: 1976: 1977: 1978: 1979: 1980: 1982: 1983: 1984: 1987: 1988: 1994: 1996: 2001: 2005–2006: 2006: 2011: 2013: 2016: Timeline of women's education This is a timeline of women's education. 1237 1239 1608 1636 1639 1644 1674 1678 1685 1727 1732 1742 1751 1783 1786 1787 1788 1803 1818","title":"Timeline of women's education"},{"id":"8030272","text":"more than 20 years. Manchester City's assistant manager, Brian Kidd resides in Alkrington, while former player Nedum Onuoha owns a home in the area. Retired footballer Ashley Ward was also born and brought up in Alkrington. Alkrington Alkrington Garden Village is a surburban area of Middleton, in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale, Greater Manchester England. Historically a part of Lancashire, in the Middle Ages Alkrington was a township in the parish of Prestwich-cum-Oldham in the hundred of Salford. Once rolling farmland, in 1886 Alkrington was added to the Municipal Borough of Middleton, and developed into a residential area. Alkrington lies","title":"Alkrington"},{"id":"4071254","text":"of Crown Heights, and on the edge of East Flatbush. Pigtown was the site of Ebbets Field, the home of the Brooklyn Dodgers from to . Future drag racer Frederick DiNome and his criminal brother Richard DiNome were born and raised in Pigtown. The neighborhood is now called Wingate. Pigtown, Brooklyn Pigtown was the previous name of a neighborhood in the New York City borough of Brooklyn, until approximately the beginning of the 21st century. The community got its name because it was the location of several major pig farms that supplied Brooklyn. Pigtown was at the southern periphery of","title":"Pigtown, Brooklyn"},{"id":"14414029","text":"such as Beetle Bailey, Crock, Mary Worth and Doonesbury. Its goal in this longer story is to capture a self-sustaining food source known as the shmoo, held by Anne (Little Orphan Annie) and her followers underneath \"Bone City\" (B.C.). The world of the Weapon Brown character and the others who inhabit it with him is one that is post-apocalyptic. The world we know as the 'modern' world ends according to Weapon Brown when 'the Dolly Madison Corporation realizes that their artificial flavorings were a hair's breadth away from becoming lethal toxins' (this is a reference to Dolly Madison's snack cakes","title":"Weapon Brown"},{"id":"6008350","text":"at a fast food restaurant called the Krusty Krab. SpongeBob's favorite pastimes include \"jellyfishing\" (which involves catching jellyfish with a net in a manner similar to butterfly catching) and blowing soap bubbles into elaborate shapes. Living two houses down from SpongeBob is his best friend Patrick Star, a dim-witted yet friendly pink starfish who resides under a rock. Despite his mental setbacks, Patrick still sees himself as intelligent. Squidward Tentacles, SpongeBob's next-door neighbor and co-worker at the Krusty Krab, is an arrogant and ill-tempered octopus, who lives in an Easter Island moai. He enjoys playing the clarinet and painting self-portraits,","title":"SpongeBob SquarePants"},{"id":"12979570","text":"Canadian, Victoria Canadian is a suburb east of the regional city of Ballarat, Victoria, Australia on the rural-urban fringe. At the , Canadian had a population of 3,609. It is primarily a residential area, but has a school, a small shopping area, and several parks and reserves including Sparrow Ground, which has been the subject of much community debate. Originally named Canadian Gully after Canadian immigrant gold digger \"Captain\" Henry Ross, famous for his role in the Eureka Rebellion. Canadian Post Office opened on 1 March 1886 and closed in 1988. Canadian is also the location of Lake Esmond, which","title":"Canadian, Victoria"},{"id":"14920423","text":"a humorous conspiracy theory that the German city of Bielefeld is a phantom settlement, despite that it has a population of over 300,000. Phantom settlement Phantom settlements, or paper towns, are settlements that appear on maps but do not actually exist. They are either accidents or copyright traps. Notable examples include Argleton, Lancashire, UK and Beatosu and Goblu, US. Agloe, New York, was invented on a 1930s map as a copyright trap. In 1950, a general store was built there and named Agloe General Store, as that was the name seen on the map. Thus the phantom settlement became a","title":"Phantom settlement"},{"id":"15831767","text":"and after a seemingly hopeless wander comes across three other elephants (the rest of Coldplay) playing the song in the veld (South African grasslands). One of the elephant costumes is Snork from the fictional band The Banana Splits, identifiable by his glasses and polka-dot ears. The video shifts to the band playing a concert together, before returning to the veld where they run towards the camera. The music video was shot on location in London, Cape Town, the Klein Karoo in the Western Cape and Johannesburg. The bike shop shown is Woodstock Cycleworks in Woodstock, Cape Town. The concert segment","title":"Paradise (Coldplay song)"},{"id":"4254117","text":"Dassin covered it under the title \"Les Champs Élysées\". The guitarist Slash, the former lead guitarist of Guns N' Roses, was also an inhabitant of Stoke-on-Trent in his early years. Ian Fraser Kilmister, known as Lemmy, was an English musician, singer and songwriter who founded and fronted the rock band Motörhead. Burslem Burslem ( ) is one of the six towns that amalgamated to form the city of Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire, England. Burslem is on the eastern ridge of the Fowlea Valley, the Fowlea being one of the main early tributaries of the River Trent. Burslem embraces the areas of Middleport,","title":"Burslem"},{"id":"7975849","text":"Krazy returned. In 1939, Mintz became indebted to his distributor, Columbia Pictures, and subsequently sold his studio to them. Under the name Screen Gems, the studio produced only one more Krazy Kat cartoon, \"The Mouse Exterminator\" in 1940. King Features produced 50 \"Krazy Kat\" cartoons from 1962–1964, most of which were created at Gene Deitch's Rembrandt Films in Prague, Czechoslovakia (now the Czech Republic), whilst the rest were produced by Artransa Film Studios in Sydney, Australia. The cartoons were initially televised interspersed with \"Beetle Bailey\" (some of which were also produced by Artransa) and \"Snuffy Smith\" cartoons to form a","title":"Krazy Kat"},{"id":"15572142","text":"(The Incline and The Baltic Inn) and a social club. Other facilities include a take-away, a community hall, a play area, a football pitch, a Baptist chapel and an industrial estate. Some of the village's famous residents include former Welsh international darts captain Eric Burden and Wales goalkeeper Ron Howells. BBC Rugby correspondent Gareth Charles is also from Pont-Henri. Pont-henri Pont-Henri (or Ponthenri) is a small rural village in Wales, located in the centre of the Gwendraeth Valley, halfway between the towns of Carmarthen and Llanelli. Most of the village comes under the Parliamentary constituency of Llanelli and the jurisdiction","title":"Pont-henri"},{"id":"10249451","text":"Mighty Shadow Dr. Winston McGarland Bailey, HBM, DLitt (4 October 1941 – 23 October 2018), better known by his stage name The Mighty Shadow or Shadow, was a calypsonian from Tobago. Bailey was born in Belmont, a suburb of Port of Spain in Trinidad, but grew up in Les Coteaux, Tobago, with his grandparents. He started singing calypsos at the age of 8. At the age of 16 he moved back to Port of Spain, where for a time he was homeless while trying to establish himself. In 1970 he performed as part of the chorus in Mighty Sparrow's 'Young","title":"Mighty Shadow"},{"id":"3307174","text":"Central Otago. Characterised by cold winters and hot, dry summers, the area is only lightly populated, although there has recently been considerable development around the tourist towns of Queenstown and Wanaka. First significant European occupation came with the discovery of gold at Gabriel's Gully near Lawrence in 1861, which led to the Central Otago goldrush. Other towns and villages include Albert Town, Alexandra, Arrowtown, Bannockburn, Clyde, Cromwell, Hawea, Millers Flat, Naseby, Omakau, Ranfurly, Roxburgh, St. Bathans, and Wedderburn. Since the 19th century, most of the area's economic activity has centred on sheep, stone fruit, and tourism. In recent years, deer","title":"Central Otago"},{"id":"6521584","text":"with the neighbouring parish of East Bilney in 1935. Between 1870 and 1872, an excerpt was written about the town BEETLEY, a parish in Mitford district, Norfolk; 2 miles WSW of Elmham r. station, and 4 N by W of East Dereham. Post Town, Elmham, under Thetford. Acres, 1,770. Real property, £2,870. Pop., 363. Houses, 82. The property is divided among a few. The living is a rectory, annexed to the rectory of East Bilney, in the diocese of Norwich. The church is good. The Parish Council of Beetley consists of 7 Councillors, who meet on the first Thursday of","title":"Beetley"},{"id":"17344913","text":"tales of the mythical English village of Hogsnorton, named after the Oxfordshire village where \"pigs play on the organ\". Potter's combination of \"mock erudition, absurdity, and nostalgia struck a chord with inter-war audiences and made him a household name\". Just before the Second World War the BBC evacuated most of its staff to Wood Norton Hall, near Evesham; this new base became known as Hogsnorton. In 1940, Potter lamented the decline of music hall entertainment and foreign influences: ...the music-hall is no longer in existence. It was essentially a national institution: no foreigner except as a first or last turn—and","title":"Gillie Potter"},{"id":"14720416","text":"William E. Ward House The William E. Ward House, known locally as Ward's Castle, is located on Magnolia Drive, on the state line between Rye Brook, New York and Greenwich, Connecticut, United States. It is a reinforced concrete structure built in the 1870s. Ward, a mechanical engineer, built the house with his friend Robert Mook to demonstrate the viability of the material for building. It is the first reinforced concrete building in the United States. It was later purchased by Mort Walker, creator of the comic strip \"Beetle Bailey\", who opened it as the Museum of Cartoon Art until 1992.","title":"William E. Ward House"},{"id":"1551916","text":"hold on to that same branch, yelling for help. During the first two years of \"Beetle Bailey\"'s run (1950-1952), Walker did all work on the strip himself, including writing, penciling, inking and lettering; however, in 1952 he hired cartoonist Fred Rhoads as his first assistant. After that, numerous people would assist Walker on the strip through the years. As of 2016, the strip was being syndicated (by King Features) in 1,800 papers in the United States and the rest of the world. \"Beetle Bailey\" is unusual in having one of the largest and most varied permanent casts of any comic","title":"Beetle Bailey"},{"id":"12953890","text":"Garth Smith Garth Smith (born Garth Davies, 10 December 1955) and sometimes credited as Garth, was known for being one of the bassists of the Bolton formed punk rock band, Buzzcocks. Garth was born in the Lancashire town of Tyldesley on Saturday December 10th 1955. He was named after the village of Garth in mid Wales, near to the town of Builth Wells where his mother was born and raised. Smith was the original bassist of the band, playing in their first show in the Bolton Institute of Technology, where the other founders of the band, guitarist Pete Shelley and","title":"Garth Smith"},{"id":"4826024","text":"was like a novelist outlining the opening chapters of a book, working on them as written fiction pieces before translating the content to a game. The game begins on a mysterious planet, Porquatz, with the androgynous player, Terry Bailey, exploring his/her subterranean home city by elevator. Terry's mysterious uncle, Smoke Bailey, has recently arrived in a strange craft known as the B-Liner, a hybridized all-terrain vehicle and hot-air balloon. Finding Smoke napping in his room, and waking him from his reverie with repeated shouts, Terry is tasked by Smoke to embark in the B-Liner on a quest for a lost","title":"In Search of the Most Amazing Thing"},{"id":"1074223","text":"founded. In 1871, the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway extended a main line from Emporia westward to Newton by July 1871. The town soon became an important railroad shipping point of Texas cattle. The city was founded in 1871 and named after Newton, Massachusetts, home of some of the Santa Fe stockholders. In August 1871, there was a Gunfight at Hide Park, in which a total of eight men were killed. The incident began with an argument between two local lawmen, Billy Bailey and Mike McCluskie. Because of this incident, Newton became known as \"bloody and lawless—the wickedest city","title":"Newton, Kansas"},{"id":"4198187","text":"goods trains (mainly bringing coal from Radstock), which ceased in 1964, and very occasional excursion trains. Pensford viaduct is 995 feet (303 m) long, reaches a maximum height of 95 feet (29 m) to rail level and consists of sixteen arches. The viaduct is now a Grade II listed building. Nearby is Lord's Wood, Pensford, and the village is on the route of the Monarch's Way long distance footpath. Pensford was home to the clarinet player, Acker Bilk. Robert Hunter of the Grateful Dead lived in the village from 1979–81. John Perry guitarist with The Only Ones lived here between","title":"Pensford"},{"id":"4993475","text":"a brief period of time before leaving for the U.S. Navy in 1944. Former pro wrestler Chris Kanyon came from Sunnyside. Legendary jazz musician Bix Beiderbecke died at 43–30 46th Street in Sunnyside, and a plaque was erected in his honor by the Greater Astoria Historical Society. Notable films shot in the area include: Several television shows have shot scenes in the neighborhood, including: Sunnyside Gardens Sunnyside, Queens Sunnyside is a middle-class neighborhood in the Western portion of the New York City borough of Queens. It shares borders with Hunters Point and Long Island City to the west, Astoria to","title":"Sunnyside, Queens"},{"id":"5697340","text":"Hildasay Ferry and various settings depicted both inside and outside the cottages, including the beach and sand dunes, and the nearby countryside where the fictional new doctor's surgery was built. Boulmer is in the parliamentary constituency of Berwick-upon-Tweed. Boulmer Boulmer is a village in Northumberland, England, on the North Sea coast east of Alnwick. It is home to RAF Boulmer. Boulmer has an independent volunteer lifeboat station. The name Boulmer, pronounced \"Boomer\", is a derivation of Bulemer, from the old English bulan-mere (bulls mere). Boulmer was notorious for its smuggling activities, much of which was centred on the Fishing Boat","title":"Boulmer"},{"id":"1278127","text":"Anklam Anklam [], formerly known as Tanglim and Wendenburg, is a town in the Western Pomerania region of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany. It is situated on the banks of the Peene river, just 8 km from its mouth in the \"Kleines Haff\", the western part of the Stettin Lagoon. Anklam has a population of 14,603 (2005) and was the capital of the former Ostvorpommern district. Since September 2011, it has been part of the district of Vorpommern-Greifswald. In the early Middle Ages, there was an important Scandinavian and Wendish settlement in the area near the present town now known as Altes Lager","title":"Anklam"},{"id":"4983888","text":"nearly 20,000 as of 2017. 1950–1974: The Municipal Borough of Ealing wards of Greenford Central, Greenford North, Greenford South, Hanger Hill, Northolt, and Perivale. 1974–1983: The London Borough of Ealing wards of Brent, Cleveland, Horsenden, Mandeville, Perivale, Ravenor, and West End. 1983–1997: The London Borough of Ealing wards of Argyle, Costons, Hobbayne, Mandeville, Perivale, Ravenor, West End, and Wood End. 1997–2010: The London Borough of Ealing wards of Argyle, Costons, Hanger Hill, Hobbayne, Horsenden, Mandeville, Perivale, Pitshanger, Ravenor, West End, and Wood End. 2010–present: The London Borough of Ealing wards of Cleveland, Greenford Broadway, Greenford Green, Hobbayne, North Greenford, Northolt","title":"Ealing North (UK Parliament constituency)"},{"id":"4355307","text":"publication to what it characterizes as the \"16 affluent North Shore suburbs\": Bannockburn, Buffalo Grove, Deerfield, Fort Sheridan, Glencoe, Glenview, Highland Park, Kenilworth, Libertyville, Lincolnshire, Northbrook, Northfield, Riverwoods, Vernon Hills, Wilmette, and Winnetka. Overall, the general usage of the term \"North Shore\" applies to the following suburbs: Bannockburn; Buffalo Grove; Deerfield; Des Plaines; Evanston; Glencoe; Glenview; Golf; Green Oaks; Harwood Heights; Highland Park; Highwood; Hubbard Woods; Kenilworth; Lake Bluff; Lake Forest; Libertyville; Lincolnshire; Lincolnwood; Mettawa; Morton Grove; Niles; Norridge; Northbrook; Northfield; Park Ridge; Riverwoods; Rosemont; Skokie; Vernon Hills; Wheeling; Wilmette; and Winnetka. This geographic area favored by marketeers extends from","title":"North Shore (Chicago)"},{"id":"8481384","text":"town of New Bedford in Northern Ontario. The family drama followed the members of the Bailey family as they lived through a time marked by hardship. \"Wind at My Back\" was loosely based on the books of Max Braithwaite, \"Never Sleep Three in a Bed\" and \"The Night We Stole the Mounties Car\". The series opens in 1932, as Jack and Honey Bailey lose their hardware store and are forced to move back to Jack's hometown in Northern Ontario, where his family owns a silver mine. When Jack dies after being stung by hornets, Honey is forced to leave her","title":"Wind at My Back"},{"id":"7192569","text":"Preston, Washington Preston is an unincorporated and exurban community located east of Seattle in King County, Washington, United States. It was named after railway official William T. Preston. Preston is a historic mill town on the northeast edge of the large Tiger Mountain State Forest, along Interstate 90. Preston, elevation , is located within commuting distance of Seattle and Bellevue. The local Raging River feeds into the Snoqualmie River at Fall City, and offers recreational activities like fly-fishing and swimming. Eastside Fire & Rescue has an all-volunteer fire station, Station 74, staffed by residents of Preston and nearby communities, which","title":"Preston, Washington"},{"id":"20207383","text":"in the Danville area, the Pretoria West Hospital which is found on corner of Sytze Wierda Ave street and Morkel Street. Danville, Pretoria Danville is a predominantly White suburb, to the west of central Pretoria, in the City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality. After the suburb's first name of Westlands was rejected, a naming competition was held. The suburb was name Danville after the WW2 commander of the Voortrekkerhoogte base, General Daniël Hermanus Pienaar, with the suburb proclaimed in February 1951. Ever since the end of Apartheid, Danville itself has had a white majority, albeit with an ever-increasing black middle-class. In","title":"Danville, Pretoria"},{"id":"8258404","text":"Lassan, Germany Lassan is a town in the Vorpommern-Greifswald district, in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Germany. The name possibly derives from an Old Polabian word, \"Lěšane\", meaning \"forest dweller\" or \"forest dwelling\". The town is situated on the Peenestrom river, a branch of the Oder, between Anklam and Wolgast. Both Anklam in the southwest and Wolgast in the north are approximately from Lassan. Part of the municipality are also the villages of Pulow, Papendorf, Klein Jasedow and Waschow. Lassan has a small marina for sailboats and yachts. There is also a campsite for visitors in the town. A museum dedicated to the","title":"Lassan, Germany"},{"id":"4254111","text":"England's fourth division. Near to the town is Burslem Golf Club, a 9-hole course which once had singer Robbie Williams as a Junior Captain. It was opened on 28 September 1907 by vaudeville entertainer and golfer Sir Harry Lauder. On 29 September 2007 his great-nephew Gregory Lauder-Frost as guest-of-honour rededicated it for another century in a formal ceremony. Professional darts player Phil Taylor is from Burslem. Burslem is the site of the main campus of Stoke-on-Trent College, the largest Further Education college in England. The campus specialises in media-production and drama. Stoke Studio College, a studio school for 13- to","title":"Burslem"},{"id":"1978583","text":"Dream\", recorded by Benny Goodman and His Orchestra, which reached number one for one week in March 1940 on the U.S. pop singles chart. (Vocalion releases only)</small> Mildred Bailey Mildred Bailey (born Mildred Rinker; February 27, 1903 – December 12, 1951) was a Native American jazz singer during the 1930s, known as \"The Queen of Swing\", \"The Rockin' Chair Lady\" and \"Mrs. Swing\". Some of her best-known hits are \"It's So Peaceful in the Country\", \"Trust in Me\", \"Where Are You?\", \"I Let a Song Go Out of My Heart\", \"Small Fry\", \"Please Be Kind\", \"Darn That Dream\", \"Rockin' Chair\",","title":"Mildred Bailey"},{"id":"2566178","text":"CBC production), \"Sunshine Sketches of a Little Town\" (a 2011 CBC production), \"The Music Man\", \"Ice Princess\", \"The Town Christmas Forgot\" and \"A History of Violence\" were filmed in the town. In the latter film, Millbrook was depicted as the fictional town of Millbrook, Indiana. The political cartoonist Sam Hunter was born and raised in Millbrook, along with award-winning filmmaker Jared Raab, esteemed marine biologist Dustin Raab, and Juno Award winner singer/songwriter Serena Ryder. Cavan Monaghan Cavan Monaghan (known as Cavan-Millbrook-North Monaghan until 2007) is a township in Peterborough County in central-eastern Ontario, Canada, southwest of the city of Peterborough.","title":"Cavan Monaghan"},{"id":"5769415","text":"S. Lowry, aviator John Alcock, Dodie Smith, the author of \"101 Dalmatians\". Old Trafford also produced two Victoria Cross winners in the First World War: Charles Coverdale, a sergeant in the Manchester Regiment, and James Marshall, an officer in the Lancashire Fusiliers. Rebecca Long-Bailey, MP for Salford and Eccles and Shadow Chief Secretary to the Treasury was born in Trafford. Old Trafford (district) </noinclude> Old Trafford is an area in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford, Greater Manchester, England, southwest of Manchester city centre, roughly delineated by the crossroads of two old toll gates, Brooks's Bar to the east and Trafford","title":"Old Trafford (district)"},{"id":"2828596","text":"St. Pauli St. Pauli (Sankt Pauli; ) is a quarter of the city of Hamburg belonging to the centrally located Hamburg-Mitte borough. Situated on the right bank of the Elbe river, the nearby Landungsbrücken is a northern part of the port of Hamburg. St. Pauli contains a world-famous red light district around the iconic Reeperbahn area. As of 2016 the area had 22,595 residents. At the beginning of the 17th century it developed as a suburb called 'Hamburger Berg' (Hamburg mountain) outside the gates of the nearby city of Hamburg and close to the city of Altona. The name comes","title":"St. Pauli"},{"id":"1574653","text":"back to Mettmann, and after the last reorganization of 1975/76 the district got back the old name. The cities Langenfeld and Monheim were included into the district then, while Kettwig became part of the city Essen. The district Mettmann is located just south of the Ruhr area, next to the big cities of Düsseldorf. Most famous is the valley of the small river \"Düssel\", the \"Neanderthal\", where the fossils of the human species Neanderthals were first found. Mettmann (district) Mettmann is a Kreis (district) in the middle of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. Neighboring are the Ennepe-Ruhr and the district-free cities Wuppertal,","title":"Mettmann (district)"},{"id":"17266348","text":"Simon's Town Museum Established in 1977, Simon's Town Museum is a community museum situated in Simon's Town, a suburb of Cape Town in the Western Cape Province of the Republic of South Africa. It is a province-aided museum which receives support from the Government of the Western Cape Province. The Simon's Town Museum was established in 1977 by a group of enthusiastic volunteers, the MOTHS (War veterans of the Memorable Order of Tin Hats) of the “Snoekie Shellhole” and the Simon’s Town Historical Society. At first, the Simon's Town Museum was located in the old Headmaster’s house, but its rapid","title":"Simon's Town Museum"},{"id":"13196406","text":"Leesburg, Idaho Leesburg is an unincorporated community in Lemhi County, Idaho, United States. It lies at (45.2238080, -114.1139647), along Napias Creek in the Salmon National Forest, west of Salmon. Its altitude is 6,653 feet (2,028 m). The community possessed a post office as late as 1942, but it has since closed. Little remains of the original community. The entire site has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1975. Leesburg was established after gold was discovered at the Leesburg Mine on July 16, 1866. The mining town was named for General Robert E. Lee because most of","title":"Leesburg, Idaho"},{"id":"3325968","text":"Bavaria in 1815. It was a rural district centre in the \"Rheinkreis\" which was renamed \"Pfalz\" (Palatinate) in 1835. Princess Henriette of Nassau-Weilburg, an ancestor of both Prince William, Duke of Cambridge and his brother Prince Harry, was born in Kirchheimbolanden on 22 April 1780. Kirchheimbolanden Kirchheimbolanden, the capital of Donnersbergkreis, is a town in Rhineland-Palatinate, south-western Germany. It is situated approximately 25 km west of Worms, and 30 km north-east of Kaiserslautern. The first part of the name, \"Kirchheim\", dates back to 774. It became a town in 1368, and the Sponheim family improved its security with many towers","title":"Kirchheimbolanden"},{"id":"2237891","text":"Eastleigh Eastleigh is a town in Hampshire, England, between Southampton and Winchester in South Hampshire. It was originally developed as a railway town by the London and South-Western Railway. The town lies on the River Itchen, one of England's premier chalk streams for fly fishing, a designated site of Special Scientific Interest. The modern town of Eastleigh lies on the old Roman road, built in A.D.79 between Winchester \"(Venta Belgarum)\" and Bitterne \"(Clausentum)\". Roman remains discovered in the Eastleigh area, including a Roman lead coffin excavated in 1908, indicate that a settlement probably existed here in Roman times. A Saxon","title":"Eastleigh"},{"id":"20207378","text":"Danville, Pretoria Danville is a predominantly White suburb, to the west of central Pretoria, in the City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality. After the suburb's first name of Westlands was rejected, a naming competition was held. The suburb was name Danville after the WW2 commander of the Voortrekkerhoogte base, General Daniël Hermanus Pienaar, with the suburb proclaimed in February 1951. Ever since the end of Apartheid, Danville itself has had a white majority, albeit with an ever-increasing black middle-class. In 1956 an Afrikaans and English medium primary school was established in Danville, Pretoria. This school is currently known as Laerskool Geneeral","title":"Danville, Pretoria"},{"id":"6712950","text":"(the man credited with inventing the sandwich). Wiveton church has a memorial to Royal Geographical Society Gold Medal Winner Lt. Colonel Frederick Marshman Bailey, one of the heroes of 'The Great Game'. Inside the church there is the joint memorial to Anne Fleming and Catherine Jennis. Wiveton Wiveton is a village and civil parish in the English county of Norfolk. It is situated on the west bank of the River Glaven, inland from the coast and directly across the river from the village of Cley next the Sea. The larger village of Blakeney is to the west, the town of","title":"Wiveton"},{"id":"6704571","text":"support himself, he sets up a private investigation practice out of his beach house on Coronado Island, in San Diego. Henry Darrow originally starred as Lt. Manny Quinlan. For the second half of the first season, the series was retooled, with the location of the series shifted to Los Angeles, California, due to the high production costs of filming in and around San Diego. The retooling consisted of more than just a location change: a revised theme song and incidental music were composed and new supporting characters were added, notably the irascible Lt. Trench of the Santa Monica Police Department,","title":"Harry O"},{"id":"13238580","text":"Merrill Blosser Merrill Blosser (May 28, 1892 – January 9, 1983) was an American cartoonist, the creator of the comic strip \"Freckles and His Friends\", which had a long run (1915–1971). Although his strip was set in the small town of Shadyside, it was obviously based on Blosser's hometown of Nappanee, Indiana, since Blosser often referenced real Nappanee locations, such as Johnson's Drug Store. Six successful cartoonists lived in Nappanee as children, including Fred Neher (\"Life’s Like That\") and Bill Holman (\"Smokey Stover\"). Growing up in Nappanee, where he was born, Blosser was encouraged by his parents to take drawing","title":"Merrill Blosser"},{"id":"3946589","text":"first volunteered with the organization after his goddaughter was diagnosed with leukemia. G. W. Bailey George William Bailey (born August 27, 1944) is an American stage, television and film actor. Although he appeared in many dramatic roles, he may be best remembered for his \"crusty\" comedic characters such as Staff Sergeant Luther Rizzo in \"M*A*S*H\" (TV series 1979–1983); Lieutenant/Captain Thaddeus Harris in the \"Police Academy\" films (1984–1994) and Captain Felix Maxwell in \"Mannequin\" (1987). He played the role of Detective Lieutenant Louie Provenza on TNT's television crime drama \"The Closer\", and its spinoff series \"Major Crimes\", from 2005 to 2018.","title":"G. W. Bailey"},{"id":"5159005","text":"settled. The street runs between Central and Sheung Wan, with Wyndham Street, Arbuthnot Road, Ladder Street, Upper Lascar Row, and Old Bailey Street in the vicinity. It was probably named by Sir John Francis Davis, the second Governor of Hong Kong, after his family home at Westbury-on-Trym, near Bristol, England. Another origin mentioned for the name is that holly shrubs were growing in the area when the road was constructed. Such plants were not indigenous to the area and would have been imported. Hollywood Road was the second road to be built when the colony of Hong Kong was founded,","title":"Hollywood Road"},{"id":"2566310","text":"is buried in the family vault at the Church of St. Mary's, Berkeley. The Chantry, Jenner's home in Berkeley for 38 years, is now a museum. Jenner also inoculated Local people, free of charge, in a one-room hut in the garden, which he called the \"Temple of Vaccinia\". The hut is considered to be \"the birth-place of public health\". Victoria Cross recipient John Fitzhardinge Paul Butler, was also born here. Berkeley, Gloucestershire Berkeley ( ) is a small town and parish in Gloucestershire, England. It lies in the Vale of Berkeley between the east bank of the River Severn and","title":"Berkeley, Gloucestershire"},{"id":"13488225","text":"Springtown, California Springtown' (formerly, Confederate Corners) is an unincorporated community in Monterey County, California, United States. Originally Springtown or Spring Town, the place was named Confederate Corners after some Southerners settled there in the late 1860s. In 2018, the U.S. Board on Geographic Names approved changing the name to Springtown in reference to Francis and John Spring who had moved in the 1800s to Monterey County from San Francisco.<ref name=\"SC 2018/05/18\"></ref> The place is the inspiration for the fictional small town \"Rebel Corners\" in John Steinbeck's novel \"The Wayward Bus\". It is located south-southwest of Salinas, on California State Route","title":"Springtown, California"},{"id":"1167547","text":"added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1976. Also known as Ward's Castle, it was the home of the National Cartoon Museum, established by Mort Walker, the creator of Beetle Bailey, from 1976 to 1992. In 1983, 800 Westchester Avenue, described as the \"Taj Mahal of Rye Brook\" and the \"contemporary equivalent to the classical villa,\" was constructed as the General Foods Corporate Headquarters. As of the census of 2000, there were 8,602 people, 3,122 households, and 2,435 families residing in the village. The population density was 2,479.0 people per square mile (957.1/km²). There were 3,224 housing units","title":"Rye Brook, New York"},{"id":"16724946","text":"Moliagul (birthplace of The Flying Doctors, Reverend John Flynn) and Melville Caves located in the Kooyoora State Park. The district is known for its annual Easter Monday Charity Carnival which began in 1871. Rheola is within the Loddon Shire, located 60 kilometers west of Bendigo. Nearby districts include: Kingower, Arnold, Llanelly, Murphys Creek, Moliagul, Logan, Wehla and the Kooyoora State Park. Nearby towns include: Inglewood, Wedderburn, St Arnaud and Dunolly. Rheola, like its neighbouring districts, was founded as gold mining village during the gold rush in the second half of the 19th century. Originally named 'Berlin' (earlier called Byr Lyn","title":"Rheola, Victoria"},{"id":"12803142","text":"Dan Bailey (conservationist) Dan Bailey (March 22, 1904 – 1982) was a fly-shop owner, innovative fly developer and staunch Western conservationist. Born on a farm near Russellville, Kentucky, Bailey is best known for the fly shop he established in Livingston, Montana in 1938. Dan Bailey's Fly Shop is still in business today, operated by his son John at 209 West Park Street. Dan Bailey graduated from The Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina, in 1926 and earned a master's degree in physics from the University of Kentucky. He was a teacher in Missouri when he became interested in fly","title":"Dan Bailey (conservationist)"},{"id":"3379773","text":"1976 and the Presidential Medal of Freedom on October 17, 1988. Bailey was born in Newport News in Virginia, to the Reverend Joseph James and Ella Mae Ricks Bailey. She was raised in the Bloodfields neighborhood of Newport News, Virginia. She graduated from Booker T. Washington High School in nearby Norfolk, Virginia, the first city in the region to offer higher education for black students. Blues singer Ruth Brown from Portsmouth, Virginia was one of her classmates. She made her stage-singing debut when she was 15 years old. Her brother Bill Bailey was beginning his own career as a tap","title":"Pearl Bailey"},{"id":"12207551","text":"two months after their acquisition by ZeniMax Media in June 2009. The story is set in the fictional town of Isenstadt during World War II, which the Nazis have enforced martial law in order to excavate rare \"Nachtsonne\" crystals necessary to access the \"Black Sun\" dimension. As the game progresses, happenings in Isenstadt become stranger (military patrols are replaced by supernatural creatures, etc.). Locations include the town's sewers, a tavern, a hospital, a farm, an underground mining facility, a church, the SS headquarters, a dig site and caverns, a cannery, a radio station, a paranormal base, a general's home, a","title":"Wolfenstein (2009 video game)"},{"id":"5697337","text":"Boulmer Boulmer is a village in Northumberland, England, on the North Sea coast east of Alnwick. It is home to RAF Boulmer. Boulmer has an independent volunteer lifeboat station. The name Boulmer, pronounced \"Boomer\", is a derivation of Bulemer, from the old English bulan-mere (bulls mere). Boulmer was notorious for its smuggling activities, much of which was centred on the Fishing Boat Inn. In the 18th century, one of the most well-known smugglers, King of the Gypsies William Faa, lived some miles away in the remote Scottish village of Kirk Yetholm. In the 18th and 19th centuries, the village was","title":"Boulmer"},{"id":"12189675","text":"located anywhere in the American heartland, it was obviously based on Blosser's hometown of Nappanee, Indiana, since Blosser often referenced real places in Nappanee, such as Johnson's Drug Store. Nappanee holds the distinction of having the longest city name in the United States containing each letter in its name twice, and six successful cartoonists lived in Nappanee as children, including Fred Neher (\"Life’s Like That\") and Bill Holman (\"Smokey Stover\"). In the 1940s, \"Freckles and His Friends\" carried a topper strip, \"Hector\". By 1945, the strip was carried in 580 daily and 158 Sunday newspapers. At its peak, \"Freckles and","title":"Freckles and His Friends"},{"id":"6620076","text":"raided Madam Ida Bailey's Canary Cottage, a house of prostitution in the Stingaree District and that the usual advance warnings were not made. Hence, reputed customers, Mayor Frary and the chief of police, may have been inconvenienced. Frary's 1904 Craftman style home at 3227 Grim Ave in North Park is now a bed and breakfast. Frary died in 1911 and is buried at Mount Hope Cemetery in San Diego. Frank P. Frary Frank Phineas Frary (December 7, 1856 – August 16, 1911) was an American Republican politician from California. He was born in Fremont, Ohio and moved to San Diego,","title":"Frank P. Frary"},{"id":"2169134","text":"operations at the base referring to the facility as Moose Jaw/Air Vice Marshal C.M. McEwen Airport. Print Radio Television The only television station local to Moose Jaw is CKMJ-TV channel 7, an analogue repeater of CTV station CKCK-DT Regina. Moose Jaw was previously served by CHAB-TV, a television station that existed from 1959 to 1969. In the fictional Harry Potter universe, Moose Jaw is the hometown of the professional Quidditch team the Moose Jaw Meteorites, which are considered one of the most accomplished Quidditch teams in the world. However, in the 1970s they were threatened with disbandment due to trailing","title":"Moose Jaw"},{"id":"4671822","text":"of the Kaiser Chiefs, and John Birch of Leeds, England & Great Britain rugby league teams. The village was also the birthplace of Second World War airman, Sir Augustus Walker of the Royal Air Force. The book \"The Modfather\" was set in Garforth in the late 1970s and early 1980s detailing David Lines adolescence in the village and his obsession with Paul Weller. Garforth \"See also People named Garforth.\" Garforth () is a town in the metropolitan borough of the City of Leeds, West Yorkshire, England. It sits in the Garforth and Swillington ward of Leeds City Council and the","title":"Garforth"},{"id":"1323303","text":"Rose then criticized Widodo for \"ignoring the international outcry\" after the executions took place. Rose's Twitter page has garnered mainstream attention for his criticism of various figures in the Trump administration, as well as other figures such as Apple CEO Tim Cook. Axl Rose W. Axl Rose (born William Bruce Rose Jr.; raised as William Bruce Bailey; born February 6, 1962) is an American singer, songwriter, record producer and musician. He is the lead vocalist of the hard rock band Guns N' Roses, and has also been the band's sole constant member since its inception in 1985. In addition to","title":"Axl Rose"},{"id":"7915744","text":"Frogmore, Hampshire Frogmore is a small suburban village in the north east of the civil parish of Yateley in the county of Hampshire, England. The origin of the place-name is from the Old English words \"frogga\" and \"mere\" meaning pool frequented by frogs. It adjoins Darby Green and lies between the towns of Yateley and Blackwater, and lies 32 miles (51 km) west-south-west of London. The county borders of both Berkshire (Bracknell Forest) and Surrey (Surrey Heath) are approximately one mile away. The village, part of the Frogmore & Darby Green ward, is under the administrative jurisdiction of Yateley Town","title":"Frogmore, Hampshire"},{"id":"10755939","text":"and Site of Special Scientific Interest. The bog is the setting for the children's book \"Nellie Longarms Will Get You... If You Don't Watch Out\", by John Bailey and Rose Quigley. In English folklore, the moss is also said to be the home to a headless horseman and 'Ginny Greenteeth'. Wybunbury Lane links the B5071 which runs through the Wybunbury parish to London Road (Stapeley). This lane provides a direct transport link between Wybunbury and the village of Stapeley. Wybunbury Delves C of E Primary School is a Church of England primary school. Wybunbury Delves is a small school with","title":"Wybunbury"},{"id":"6732413","text":"at Tulliallan in Fife. Three Area Commands; Stirling, Falkirk and Clackmannanshire relate to the three Councils within the force area. Stirling (Force HQ) and Bannockburn. Stirling Sub-Area Command: Aberfoyle, Arnprior, Balfron, Blanefield, Bridge of Allan, Callander, Crianlarich, Drymen, Dunblane, Killin and Lochearnhead. Falkirk Sub-Area Command: Bainsford, Camelon and Falkirk (HQ). Denny Sub-Area Command: Denny (HQ) and Stenhousemuir. Grangemouth Sub-Area Command: Bo'ness, Grangemouth (HQ) and Maddiston. Alloa (HQ), Tillicoultry and Tullibody. Central Scotland Police Central Scotland Police was the territorial police force responsible for the Scottish council areas of Stirling, Falkirk and Clackmannanshire (the former Central region). The headquarters of the","title":"Central Scotland Police"},{"id":"8449475","text":"transcript of the Domesday Book of 1086 indicates that there was a settlement at Kingsnorth controlled by the Manor of Wye. One explanation of the name is that it derived from the Old English cyninges snad, detached land belonging to a royal estate. Another suggestion is that the settlement took its name from Jutish people 'Kyn', kin folk, who settled on a wooded hill or 'snode'. Other early variations of the name are Kyngsnode; Kynsnoth, Kyngesnothe and Kingessnode. The RAF and USAAF occupied RAF Kingsnorth, an airfield close to the village, during World War II. Kingsnorth is bisected by the","title":"Kingsnorth"},{"id":"2418277","text":"won the Somerset Senior Cup for the third time in 2002–03 and reached the 5th round of the FA Vase in 2003–04. They currently play in the Western Football League Division 1. There is a bowls club situated at the Memorial Park. Keynsham leisure centre was built in 1965 by British Gas as a gift to the town. It includes a swimming pool, gymnasium and sauna. Several notable people have been born or lived in Keynsham. The comedian Bill Bailey was raised in the town. Another entertainer Neil Forrester, who was a research assistant and became known as a cast","title":"Keynsham"},{"id":"10027732","text":"up in South Otselic, New York, the daughter of a successful Chenango County farmer. She was reportedly given the nickname \"Billy\" because of her love of the contemporary hit song \"Won't You Come Home Bill Bailey\"; Brown often signed her love letters \"The Kid\" after the Western outlaw Billy the Kid. She attended grammar school in the village, and became close friends with teacher Maud Kenyon Crumb and her husband. In 1904, she moved to nearby Cortland to live with a married sister, and went to work at the Gillette Skirt Company. Chester Gillette, the company owner's nephew, moved to","title":"Murder of Grace Brown"},{"id":"3242698","text":"Point Primary School. Morradoo comes from an Aboriginal word meaning \"powder and shot\", and was the original name for Crib Point. In December 1973, flashing light signals were provided at the Disney Road level crossing. Boom barriers were later provided at the same crossing in 2011. Morradoo has one platform. It is serviced by Metro Trains' Stony Point line services. Platform 1: Ventura Bus Lines operates one route via Morradoo station: Morradoo railway station Morradoo railway station is located on the Stony Point line, in Victoria, Australia. It serves the town of Crib Point, and opened on 7 November 1960","title":"Morradoo railway station"},{"id":"2961569","text":"Yellowstone Municipal Park – Katzman Playground (located on Yellowstone Boulevard, between 68th Avenue and 68th Road); the Annadale Playground (located on Yellowstone Boulevard, between 64th Road and 65th Avenue); the Willow Lake Playground (located off the Grand Central Parkway, between 71st and 72nd Avenues); the Ehrenreich-Austin Playground (located on Austin Street, between 76th Avenue and 76th Drive); and the Russell Sage Playground (located on 68th Avenue, between Booth and Austin Streets). Forest Hills was featured as the home setting for fictional comic book character Spider-Man. The Ramones originated in Forest Hills. The band was recognized with the creation of Ramones","title":"Forest Hills, Queens"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"id\": \"1551920\",\n \"text\": \"Features Syndicate, was animated by Paramount Cartoon Studios in the U.S. and Artransa Film Studios in Sydney, Australia, and was first broadcast in Beetle Bailey (1963 TV series) and Beetle Bailey (1989 TV series). The opening credits included the sound of a bugle reveille, followed by a theme song specifically composed for the cartoon: The repeat of the name of Beetle Bailey is shouted by an angry Sgt. Snorkel. Beetle was voiced by comic actor and director Howard Morris with Allan Melvin as the voice of Sarge. Other King Features properties, such as \\\"Snuffy Smith\\\" and \\\"Krazy Kat\\\", also appeared\",\n \"title\": \"Beetle Bailey\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1551912\",\n \"text\": \"a college student at Rockview University. The characters in that early strip were modeled after Walker's Kappa Sigma fraternity brothers at the University of Missouri. On March 13, 1951, during the strip's first year, Beetle quit school and enlisted in the U.S. Army, where he has remained ever since. Most of the humor in \\\"Beetle Bailey\\\" revolves around the inept characters stationed at Camp Swampy (inspired by Camp Crowder, where Walker had once been stationed while in the Army), which is located near the town of Hurleyburg at \\\"Parris Island, S.C.\\\". Private Bailey is a lazy sort who usually naps\",\n \"title\": \"Beetle Bailey\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1551915\",\n \"text\": \"style. He can only be seen without it once—in the original strip when he was still a college student. The strip was pulled and never ran in any newspaper. It has only been printed in various books on the strip's history. One daily strip had Sarge scare Beetle's hat off, but Beetle was wearing sunglasses. One running gag has Sergeant Snorkel hanging helplessly from a small tree branch after having fallen off a cliff (first time August 16, 1956). While he is never shown falling off, or even walking close to the edge of a cliff, he always seems to\",\n \"title\": \"Beetle Bailey\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1551913\",\n \"text\": \"and avoids work, and thus is often the subject of verbal and physical chastising from his superior officer, Sergeant Snorkel. The characters never seem to see combat themselves, with the exception of mock battles and combat drills. In fact, they seem to be in their own version of stereotypical comic strip purgatory (initially basic training, they now appear to be stuck in time in a regular infantry division). The uniforms of Beetle Bailey are still the uniforms of the late 1940s to early 1970s Army, with green fatigues and baseball caps as the basic uniform, and the open jeep as\",\n \"title\": \"Beetle Bailey\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1551921\",\n \"text\": \"in the syndicated series, under the collective title \\\"Beetle Bailey and His Friends\\\". June Foray did the voice of Bunny, plus all of the female characters involved. A 30-minute animated TV special co-written by Mort Walker and Hank Saroyan was produced for CBS in 1989, but did not air due to management changes at the CBS network. It has been released on DVD alongside the 1960s cartoons. Greg Whalen played Beetle, Bob Bergen portrayed Killer, Henry Corden was Sgt. Snorkel, Frank Welker was both Zero and Otto, Linda Gary voiced both Miss Buxley and Ms. Blips and General Halftrack was\",\n \"title\": \"Beetle Bailey\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6689039\",\n \"text\": \"Crowder in the 1940s and when he created the 1960s-era \\\"The Dick Van Dyke Show\\\", he made the post the setting where Rob and Laura Petrie, portrayed by actors Dick Van Dyke and Mary Tyler Moore, met; Rob was a sergeant in Special Services and Laura was a USO dancer. Cartoonist Mort Walker was also stationed there and drew inspiration for Camp Swampy of his \\\"Beetle Bailey\\\" comic strip. Jean Shepherd featured many stories of his time at Camp Crowder in various monologues. The post is also notable as the birthplace of landmark LabVIEW programmer Michael Porter. In 1946, the\",\n \"title\": \"Fort Crowder\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1551911\",\n \"text\": \"Beetle Bailey Beetle Bailey (begun on September 4, 1950) is an American comic strip created by cartoonist Mort Walker. It is set on a fictional United States Army post. In the years just before Walker's death in 2018 (at age 94), it was among the oldest comic strips still being produced by its original creator. Over the years, Mort Walker had been assisted by (among others) Jerry Dumas, Bob Gustafson, Frank Johnson and Walker's sons Neal, Brian and Greg Walker. After Mort Walker's death, his granddaughter Janie Walker-Yates and her husband Mike Yates began illustrating the strip. Beetle was originally\",\n \"title\": \"Beetle Bailey\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12557737\",\n \"text\": \"as the widespread usage of \\\"shit on a shingle\\\" for chipped beef. Certain military expressions, like friendly fire, are a frequent source of satirical humor. Notable cartoonists of military humor include Bill Mauldin, Dave Breger, George Baker, Shel Silverstein and Vernon Grant. The best-known comic strip about military life is Mort Walker's long-run \\\"Beetle Bailey\\\", set in a United States Army military post where a number of inept characters are stationed. Also notable are George Baker's \\\"Sad Sack\\\" and Dave Breger's \\\"Private Breger\\\". When Roy Crane created the \\\"Buz Sawyer\\\" Sunday strip, he put the emphasis not on Sawyer but\",\n \"title\": \"Military humor\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1551923\",\n \"text\": \"plot introduced a wayward computer that promoted Bailey to three-star general. Beetle Bailey Beetle Bailey (begun on September 4, 1950) is an American comic strip created by cartoonist Mort Walker. It is set on a fictional United States Army post. In the years just before Walker's death in 2018 (at age 94), it was among the oldest comic strips still being produced by its original creator. Over the years, Mort Walker had been assisted by (among others) Jerry Dumas, Bob Gustafson, Frank Johnson and Walker's sons Neal, Brian and Greg Walker. After Mort Walker's death, his granddaughter Janie Walker-Yates and\",\n \"title\": \"Beetle Bailey\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1551914\",\n \"text\": \"the basic military vehicle. Sergeant First Class Snorkel wears a green Class A Army dress uniform with heavily wrinkled garrison cap; the officers wear M1 helmet liners painted with their insignia. Despite this 'anachronism,' modern weapons and equipment do make rare appearances. While Beetle Bailey's unit is Company A, one running gag is that the characters are variously seen in different branches of the Army, such as artillery, armor, infantry and paratroops. Beetle is always seen with a hat or helmet covering his forehead and eyes. Even on leave, his \\\"civvies\\\" include a pork pie hat worn in the same\",\n \"title\": \"Beetle Bailey\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1420033\",\n \"text\": \"art director of the college's humor magazine, \\\"Showme\\\", and was president of the local Kappa Sigma chapter. After graduation, Walker went to New York to pursue a career in cartooning. He began doing \\\"Spider\\\", a one-panel series for \\\"The Saturday Evening Post\\\", about a lazy, laid-back college student. When he decided he could make more money doing a multi-panel comic strip, \\\"Spider\\\" morphed into \\\"Beetle Bailey\\\", eventually distributed by King Features Syndicate to 1,800 newspapers in more than 50 countries for a combined readership of 200 million daily. In 1954, Walker and Dik Browne teamed to launch \\\"Hi and Lois\\\",\",\n \"title\": \"Mort Walker\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12433628\",\n \"text\": \"prized possessions is the first drawing of Mickey Mouse, by Ub Iwerks for the character's film debut in \\\"Plane Crazy\\\" (1928). Begun in 1974, the Hall of Fame was renamed the William Randolph Hearst Cartoon Hall of Fame in 1997 after a sponsorship was provided by the Hearst Foundation. The 31 inductees, chosen by non-cartoonist authorities, are: National Cartoon Museum The National Cartoon Museum was an American museum dedicated to the collection, preservation and exhibition of cartoons, comic strips and animation. It was the brainchild of Mort Walker, creator of \\\"Beetle Bailey\\\". The museum opened in 1974, went through several\",\n \"title\": \"National Cartoon Museum\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1420028\",\n \"text\": \"Mort Walker Addison Morton Walker (September 3, 1923 – January 27, 2018) was an American comic strip writer, best known for creating the newspaper comic strips \\\"Beetle Bailey\\\" in 1950 and \\\"Hi and Lois\\\" in 1954. He signed Addison to some of his strips. Walker was born in El Dorado, Kansas, as the third of four children in the family. His siblings were Peggy W. Harman (1915–2012), Robin Ellis Walker (1918–2013) and Marilou W. White (b. 1927). After a couple of years, his family moved to Amarillo, Texas, and later to Kansas City, Missouri, in late 1927, where his father,\",\n \"title\": \"Mort Walker\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6884297\",\n \"text\": \"old movies, the day would come when movie theaters would turn to vintage television for product. This prediction came true with the advent of such TV-based films as \\\"\\\" and \\\"Star Trek\\\". \\\"Mister Breger\\\" also received comic book reprints in \\\"The Katzenjammer Kids\\\" (1947), \\\"Popeye\\\" (1967), \\\"Beetle Bailey\\\" (1969) and \\\"Flint Comix and Entertainment\\\" (2009–10). In 1946, Breger became a founding member of the National Cartoonists Society. Dave and Dorathy Breger settled in West Nyack, New York, where they had three children—Dee, Lois and Harry. They were, according to Breger, \\\"all three artistic\\\". In the 1960s, Breger taught a cartooning\",\n \"title\": \"Dave Breger\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11149636\",\n \"text\": \"a small township about 20 miles from Wagga Wagga on 17 September 1928. In May 1929 he transferred to Gundagai, and then from May 1932 to April 1939 served successively at Narrandera, Deniliquin and Balranald. He was promoted to constable first class on 23 April 1938. On 20 April 1939 he moved, this time to Moruya, here he was highly commended for his part in the rescue of survivors from the fishing trawler, \\\"Dureenbee\\\", which had been attacked by a Japanese submarine on 3 August 1942. He was transferred for the final time, to Blayney, just eight days before his\",\n \"title\": \"Eric Bailey (GC)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3946586\",\n \"text\": \"G. W. Bailey George William Bailey (born August 27, 1944) is an American stage, television and film actor. Although he appeared in many dramatic roles, he may be best remembered for his \\\"crusty\\\" comedic characters such as Staff Sergeant Luther Rizzo in \\\"M*A*S*H\\\" (TV series 1979–1983); Lieutenant/Captain Thaddeus Harris in the \\\"Police Academy\\\" films (1984–1994) and Captain Felix Maxwell in \\\"Mannequin\\\" (1987). He played the role of Detective Lieutenant Louie Provenza on TNT's television crime drama \\\"The Closer\\\", and its spinoff series \\\"Major Crimes\\\", from 2005 to 2018. Bailey was born in Port Arthur, Texas. He went to Thomas Jefferson\",\n \"title\": \"G. W. Bailey\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6604895\",\n \"text\": \"it snows, Beacon Hill, or Jacob's Ladder, are where many young people and older people gather for snowballing or sledging. The rabbit warren where Cowslip lived in Richard Adams' Watership Down was in High Wood, just north-east of Burghclere village. Burghclere Burghclere is a village and civil parish in Hampshire, England. According to the 2011 census the village had a population of 1,152. The village is near the border of Hampshire with Berkshire, four miles south of Newbury. It is also very close to Newtown and Old Burghclere. Work by the 20th-century artist Stanley Spencer can be found in the\",\n \"title\": \"Burghclere\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1551917\",\n \"text\": \"strip. While many of the older characters are rarely seen, almost none have been completely retired. The early strip was set at Rockview University. When Beetle joined the Army, all of the other characters were dropped (although both incarnations of the strip include a spectacled intellectual named Plato). Four characters from the original cast (Bitter Bill, Diamond Jim, Freshman, and Sweatsock) made at least one appearance, in the January 5, 1963 strip. Beetle's family, etc.: Camp Swampy: Numerous one-shot characters have appeared over the years, mostly unnamed, including an inspector general who looks like Alfred E. Neuman, and various officers\",\n \"title\": \"Beetle Bailey\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8731813\",\n \"text\": \"Roach in poetry. Winner: Nominees: Winner: 2 Finalists: Nominees: Winner: Finalists: Nominees: Winner: Finalists: Nominees: Winner: Nominees: Winner: 2 Finalists: Nominees\\\":\\\" Winner: 2 Finalists: Nominees: Winner: 2 Finalists: Nominees: Winner: Nominees Winner: 2 Finalists: Nominees\\\":\\\" Winner: 2 Finalists: Nominees: Winner: 2 Finalists: Nominees: Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Nominees Winner Nominees Winner Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winners Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Nominees Winner\",\n \"title\": \"Hurston-Wright Legacy Award\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6750086\",\n \"text\": \"Bruderheim Bruderheim is a town in the Edmonton Capital Region of Alberta, Canada. It is located just north of the junction of Highway 15 and Highway 45, approximately northeast of Edmonton. The town's name is derived from two German words: \\\"Bruder\\\" meaning brother and the suffix \\\"-heim\\\" meaning home. In English, it translates to \\\"Home of the Brother\\\". The Bruderheim area was the recipient of a notable meteorite fall on March 4, 1960—the Bruderheim meteorite. Bruderheim Arena served as a shooting location for the 2005 film \\\"Santa's Slay\\\". In the 2016 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, the Town\",\n \"title\": \"Bruderheim\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1420039\",\n \"text\": \"in 1985. His second wife was Catherine Prentice, whom he married on August 24, 1985. Mort had three step-children via Cathy and her previous marriage. Walker died from complications of pneumonia on January 27, 2018, at his home in Stamford, Connecticut. He was 94 years old. He was interred at Willowbrook Cemetery in Westport, Connecticut. Mort Walker Addison Morton Walker (September 3, 1923 – January 27, 2018) was an American comic strip writer, best known for creating the newspaper comic strips \\\"Beetle Bailey\\\" in 1950 and \\\"Hi and Lois\\\" in 1954. He signed Addison to some of his strips. Walker\",\n \"title\": \"Mort Walker\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1125945\",\n \"text\": \"rainy season. The cartoonist Mort Walker, who was stationed there, later used it for his fictional \\\"Camp Swampy\\\" in his long-running newspaper comic strip, \\\"Beetle Bailey\\\". Camp Crowder was deactivated in 1951. While the core of the post was retained, many of the temporary barracks were declared surplus and sold. The base's movie theatre was disassembled and reassembled on the campus of what is today the University of Missouri – Kansas City. It served as the Kansas City Playhouse until being torn down for a new theatre. A portion of its wall, which contains statues of Comedy and Tragedy, are\",\n \"title\": \"Neosho, Missouri\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4188655\",\n \"text\": \"every Christmas and puts on concerts in and around the surrounding area. They also compete in the 1st Section of the National Brass Band Championships of Great Britain. Famous people from Otterbourne include Chris Tremlett who plays cricket for England and Surrey, and novelist Charlotte Mary Yonge. The village of Otterbourne, on the stream Otter Bourne, lies on the old Roman road between \\\"Venta Belgarum\\\" (Winchester) and \\\"Clausentum\\\" (Southampton). It appears in the Domesday Book as Otrebourne. The physicist Sir Isaac Newton lodged at Cranbury House in his twilight years, and John Keble, a leader of the Oxford Movement, settled\",\n \"title\": \"Otterbourne\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18908598\",\n \"text\": \"president and is widely admired. The rash eventually fades from his head, but Charlie Brown still fears that the next round thing he expects to see—a sunrise—may continue to look like a baseball. When the sun does rise, it instead looks like Neuman, with a halo reading: \\\"What! Me Worry?\\\"! Neuman also appeared as a sight gag in the March 27, 1967 installment of the comic strip \\\"Beetle Bailey\\\", as an inspector general. He can also be spotted in \\\"The Amazing Spider-Man\\\" #300, helping Peter Parker and Mary Jane move into their new house, while saying, \\\"Darn! I'm missing the\",\n \"title\": \"Alfred E. Neuman\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7905719\",\n \"text\": \"following a call from police that an unexploded hand grenade had been discovered. The number 36 Mills grenade was then destroyed by demolition. We suspect someone has disposed of it in the field which is highly irresponsible and we would urge this person to contact the police in future.” Middleton Primary School was closed as a result of the find. On 23 November 1944 a Mosquito aircraft which had taken off from nearby Little Snoring airfield crashed into Middleton Fen. Eyewitnesses saw the plane spiralling out of a cloud. It then righted itself before spinning into the ground. Both the\",\n \"title\": \"Middleton, Norfolk\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8113453\",\n \"text\": \"life of World War II secret agent Violette Szabo. Szabo (\\\"nee\\\" Bushell) stayed occasionally in the village from childhood until just before her final mission, at a house then called The Old Kennels, which was the home of her cousins the Lucas family. Wormelow Tump Wormelow Tump is a village in Herefordshire, England, south of Hereford and northwest of Ross-on-Wye. The tump itself was a mound which local tradition holds was the burial place of King Arthur's son Amr. The tump was flattened to widen the road in 1896. Wormelow gave its name to a hundred. The Domesday Book mentions\",\n \"title\": \"Wormelow Tump\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8696278\",\n \"text\": \"Its legend has grown, however, because one of the participants simply walked away from the scene, never to be seen again. The incident began with an argument between two local lawmen, Billy Bailey and Mike McCluskie. The two men began arguing on August 11, 1871, over local politics on election day in the \\\"Red Front Saloon\\\", located in downtown Newton. The argument developed into a fist fight, with Bailey being knocked outside the saloon and into the street. McCluskie followed, drawing his pistol. He fired two shots at Bailey, hitting him with the second shot in the chest. Bailey died\",\n \"title\": \"Gunfight at Hide Park\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1167573\",\n \"text\": \"resurgence of residential and commercial development in Somers for the next 20 years. Somers grew most rapidly during the 1980s and 1990s, after IBM and PepsiCo built large corporate facilities within it. Somers is known for being the \\\"cradle of the American circus\\\". It gained this notoriety after Hachaliah Bailey bought an African elephant, which he named \\\"Old Bet\\\". Somers was in a minor dispute with Baraboo, Wisconsin, over which community is the \\\"birthplace\\\" of the American circus. Bailey intended to use the elephant for farm work, but the number of people it attracted caused Bailey to take her throughout\",\n \"title\": \"Somers, New York\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3995701\",\n \"text\": \"company, where he created the trademark logo for Chiquita. In 1954, Browne and cartoonist Mort Walker co-created the comic strip \\\"Hi and Lois\\\", a spin-off of Walker's popular \\\"Beetle Bailey\\\" strip, featuring Beetle's sister, brother-in-law and their family. Walker wrote the strip, which Browne illustrated until his death. The series is now drawn by his son Chance and written by Walker's sons. In 1973, Browne created \\\"Hägar the Horrible\\\" about an ill-mannered red-bearded medieval viking. The comic is now produced by his son Chris. Both strips have been successful, appearing in hundreds of newspapers for decades. Browne died of cancer\",\n \"title\": \"Dik Browne\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3149079\",\n \"text\": \"the 1990s construction, a length of the River Tame was diverted and canalised. A Wetherspoons pub, the Arthur Robertson, opened later is named after Arthur (known as \\\"Archie\\\") Robertson – Birchfield Harriers' first Olympic gold medallist (1908). A memorial to PC Malcolm Walker, of the West Midlands Police is situated outside shops on the city-bound side of Birchfield Road. He died on 4 October 2001, when his motorcycle was struck during a police pursuit. The site of the former Perry Hall is now Perry Hall Park. Perry Park hosted the Birmingham Carnival in 2005. Major roads in the ward and\",\n \"title\": \"Perry Barr\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9526841\",\n \"text\": \"Thomas Mynors Baskerville in 1839. It is said that Sir Arthur Conan Doyle was a family friend and visitor, with obvious consequences. Clyro Court Farm is much older, being a former monastic grange with some of the buildings dating back to the 14th century. Francis Kilvert was curate of the parish church from 1865 to 1872 and much of his published diaries deal with the people and landscape of Clyro and the surrounding area. This part of Wales, including the villages of Clyro, Capel-y-ffin, Llowes, Glasbury, Llanigon, Painscastle, and the town of Hay-on-Wye, as well as Clifford and Whitney-on-Wye in\",\n \"title\": \"Clyro\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7200252\",\n \"text\": \"railway connection through the \\\"Biggetalbahn\\\" to Olpe in the north and through the \\\"Asdorftalbahn\\\" to Betzdorf in the south. Nowadays, a great deal of the former right-of-way has been turned into bicycle trails or filled in with earth. Former mayor Hermann Vomhof is at this time Freudenberg's only honorary citizen. Freudenberg is the ancestral village of Apollo XI Astronaut Buzz Aldrin, a descendant of Freudenberg Burgermeister Jacob Friesenhagen, circa 1660. Freudenberg, Westphalia Freudenberg is a town in the Siegen-Wittgenstein district, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. The town lies on the German-Dutch holiday road called the Orange Route, joining towns, cities and\",\n \"title\": \"Freudenberg, Westphalia\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8251970\",\n \"text\": \"ground flora includes Dog's Mercury (\\\"Mercurialis perennis\\\"), Bluebell (\\\"Hyacinthoides non-scripta\\\"), Stinking Iris (\\\"Iris foetidissima\\\"), Traveller's Joy (\\\"Clematis vitalba\\\") and Slender False Brome (\\\"Brachypodium sylvaticum\\\"). Cleeve Wood, Hanham Cleeve Wood, Hanham is a () is an 8.9 hectare biological Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) in South Gloucestershire, notified in 1966. Cleeve Wood is situated on the steep south facing slopes of the River Avon valley near to the City of Bristol. The primary scientific interest of the wood is the particularly large population of Bath Asparagus (\\\"Ornithogalum pyrenaicum\\\") which it supports. The Bath Asparagus in Cleeve Wood represents what is\",\n \"title\": \"Cleeve Wood, Hanham\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17792435\",\n \"text\": \"1907: 1908: 1909: 1910: 1911: 1912: 1913: 1914: 1915: 1917: 1918: 1920: 1921: 1922: 1923: 1925: 1926: 1927: 1928: 1929: 1930: 1931: 1932: 1933: 1934: 1935: 1936: 1937: 1938: 1940: 1941: 1942: 1943: 1945: 1946: 1947: 1949: 1950: 1951: 1955: 1957: 1959: 1962: 1963: 1964: 1965: 1966: 1969: 1970: 1971: 1972: 1975: 1976: 1977: 1978: 1979: 1980: 1982: 1983: 1984: 1987: 1988: 1994: 1996: 2001: 2005–2006: 2006: 2011: 2013: 2016: Timeline of women's education This is a timeline of women's education. 1237 1239 1608 1636 1639 1644 1674 1678 1685 1727 1732 1742 1751 1783 1786 1787 1788 1803 1818\",\n \"title\": \"Timeline of women's education\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8030272\",\n \"text\": \"more than 20 years. Manchester City's assistant manager, Brian Kidd resides in Alkrington, while former player Nedum Onuoha owns a home in the area. Retired footballer Ashley Ward was also born and brought up in Alkrington. Alkrington Alkrington Garden Village is a surburban area of Middleton, in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale, Greater Manchester England. Historically a part of Lancashire, in the Middle Ages Alkrington was a township in the parish of Prestwich-cum-Oldham in the hundred of Salford. Once rolling farmland, in 1886 Alkrington was added to the Municipal Borough of Middleton, and developed into a residential area. Alkrington lies\",\n \"title\": \"Alkrington\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4071254\",\n \"text\": \"of Crown Heights, and on the edge of East Flatbush. Pigtown was the site of Ebbets Field, the home of the Brooklyn Dodgers from to . Future drag racer Frederick DiNome and his criminal brother Richard DiNome were born and raised in Pigtown. The neighborhood is now called Wingate. Pigtown, Brooklyn Pigtown was the previous name of a neighborhood in the New York City borough of Brooklyn, until approximately the beginning of the 21st century. The community got its name because it was the location of several major pig farms that supplied Brooklyn. Pigtown was at the southern periphery of\",\n \"title\": \"Pigtown, Brooklyn\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14414029\",\n \"text\": \"such as Beetle Bailey, Crock, Mary Worth and Doonesbury. Its goal in this longer story is to capture a self-sustaining food source known as the shmoo, held by Anne (Little Orphan Annie) and her followers underneath \\\"Bone City\\\" (B.C.). The world of the Weapon Brown character and the others who inhabit it with him is one that is post-apocalyptic. The world we know as the 'modern' world ends according to Weapon Brown when 'the Dolly Madison Corporation realizes that their artificial flavorings were a hair's breadth away from becoming lethal toxins' (this is a reference to Dolly Madison's snack cakes\",\n \"title\": \"Weapon Brown\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6008350\",\n \"text\": \"at a fast food restaurant called the Krusty Krab. SpongeBob's favorite pastimes include \\\"jellyfishing\\\" (which involves catching jellyfish with a net in a manner similar to butterfly catching) and blowing soap bubbles into elaborate shapes. Living two houses down from SpongeBob is his best friend Patrick Star, a dim-witted yet friendly pink starfish who resides under a rock. Despite his mental setbacks, Patrick still sees himself as intelligent. Squidward Tentacles, SpongeBob's next-door neighbor and co-worker at the Krusty Krab, is an arrogant and ill-tempered octopus, who lives in an Easter Island moai. He enjoys playing the clarinet and painting self-portraits,\",\n \"title\": \"SpongeBob SquarePants\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12979570\",\n \"text\": \"Canadian, Victoria Canadian is a suburb east of the regional city of Ballarat, Victoria, Australia on the rural-urban fringe. At the , Canadian had a population of 3,609. It is primarily a residential area, but has a school, a small shopping area, and several parks and reserves including Sparrow Ground, which has been the subject of much community debate. Originally named Canadian Gully after Canadian immigrant gold digger \\\"Captain\\\" Henry Ross, famous for his role in the Eureka Rebellion. Canadian Post Office opened on 1 March 1886 and closed in 1988. Canadian is also the location of Lake Esmond, which\",\n \"title\": \"Canadian, Victoria\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14920423\",\n \"text\": \"a humorous conspiracy theory that the German city of Bielefeld is a phantom settlement, despite that it has a population of over 300,000. Phantom settlement Phantom settlements, or paper towns, are settlements that appear on maps but do not actually exist. They are either accidents or copyright traps. Notable examples include Argleton, Lancashire, UK and Beatosu and Goblu, US. Agloe, New York, was invented on a 1930s map as a copyright trap. In 1950, a general store was built there and named Agloe General Store, as that was the name seen on the map. Thus the phantom settlement became a\",\n \"title\": \"Phantom settlement\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15831767\",\n \"text\": \"and after a seemingly hopeless wander comes across three other elephants (the rest of Coldplay) playing the song in the veld (South African grasslands). One of the elephant costumes is Snork from the fictional band The Banana Splits, identifiable by his glasses and polka-dot ears. The video shifts to the band playing a concert together, before returning to the veld where they run towards the camera. The music video was shot on location in London, Cape Town, the Klein Karoo in the Western Cape and Johannesburg. The bike shop shown is Woodstock Cycleworks in Woodstock, Cape Town. The concert segment\",\n \"title\": \"Paradise (Coldplay song)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4254117\",\n \"text\": \"Dassin covered it under the title \\\"Les Champs Élysées\\\". The guitarist Slash, the former lead guitarist of Guns N' Roses, was also an inhabitant of Stoke-on-Trent in his early years. Ian Fraser Kilmister, known as Lemmy, was an English musician, singer and songwriter who founded and fronted the rock band Motörhead. Burslem Burslem ( ) is one of the six towns that amalgamated to form the city of Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire, England. Burslem is on the eastern ridge of the Fowlea Valley, the Fowlea being one of the main early tributaries of the River Trent. Burslem embraces the areas of Middleport,\",\n \"title\": \"Burslem\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7975849\",\n \"text\": \"Krazy returned. In 1939, Mintz became indebted to his distributor, Columbia Pictures, and subsequently sold his studio to them. Under the name Screen Gems, the studio produced only one more Krazy Kat cartoon, \\\"The Mouse Exterminator\\\" in 1940. King Features produced 50 \\\"Krazy Kat\\\" cartoons from 1962–1964, most of which were created at Gene Deitch's Rembrandt Films in Prague, Czechoslovakia (now the Czech Republic), whilst the rest were produced by Artransa Film Studios in Sydney, Australia. The cartoons were initially televised interspersed with \\\"Beetle Bailey\\\" (some of which were also produced by Artransa) and \\\"Snuffy Smith\\\" cartoons to form a\",\n \"title\": \"Krazy Kat\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15572142\",\n \"text\": \"(The Incline and The Baltic Inn) and a social club. Other facilities include a take-away, a community hall, a play area, a football pitch, a Baptist chapel and an industrial estate. Some of the village's famous residents include former Welsh international darts captain Eric Burden and Wales goalkeeper Ron Howells. BBC Rugby correspondent Gareth Charles is also from Pont-Henri. Pont-henri Pont-Henri (or Ponthenri) is a small rural village in Wales, located in the centre of the Gwendraeth Valley, halfway between the towns of Carmarthen and Llanelli. Most of the village comes under the Parliamentary constituency of Llanelli and the jurisdiction\",\n \"title\": \"Pont-henri\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10249451\",\n \"text\": \"Mighty Shadow Dr. Winston McGarland Bailey, HBM, DLitt (4 October 1941 – 23 October 2018), better known by his stage name The Mighty Shadow or Shadow, was a calypsonian from Tobago. Bailey was born in Belmont, a suburb of Port of Spain in Trinidad, but grew up in Les Coteaux, Tobago, with his grandparents. He started singing calypsos at the age of 8. At the age of 16 he moved back to Port of Spain, where for a time he was homeless while trying to establish himself. In 1970 he performed as part of the chorus in Mighty Sparrow's 'Young\",\n \"title\": \"Mighty Shadow\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3307174\",\n \"text\": \"Central Otago. Characterised by cold winters and hot, dry summers, the area is only lightly populated, although there has recently been considerable development around the tourist towns of Queenstown and Wanaka. First significant European occupation came with the discovery of gold at Gabriel's Gully near Lawrence in 1861, which led to the Central Otago goldrush. Other towns and villages include Albert Town, Alexandra, Arrowtown, Bannockburn, Clyde, Cromwell, Hawea, Millers Flat, Naseby, Omakau, Ranfurly, Roxburgh, St. Bathans, and Wedderburn. Since the 19th century, most of the area's economic activity has centred on sheep, stone fruit, and tourism. In recent years, deer\",\n \"title\": \"Central Otago\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6521584\",\n \"text\": \"with the neighbouring parish of East Bilney in 1935. Between 1870 and 1872, an excerpt was written about the town BEETLEY, a parish in Mitford district, Norfolk; 2 miles WSW of Elmham r. station, and 4 N by W of East Dereham. Post Town, Elmham, under Thetford. Acres, 1,770. Real property, £2,870. Pop., 363. Houses, 82. The property is divided among a few. The living is a rectory, annexed to the rectory of East Bilney, in the diocese of Norwich. The church is good. The Parish Council of Beetley consists of 7 Councillors, who meet on the first Thursday of\",\n \"title\": \"Beetley\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17344913\",\n \"text\": \"tales of the mythical English village of Hogsnorton, named after the Oxfordshire village where \\\"pigs play on the organ\\\". Potter's combination of \\\"mock erudition, absurdity, and nostalgia struck a chord with inter-war audiences and made him a household name\\\". Just before the Second World War the BBC evacuated most of its staff to Wood Norton Hall, near Evesham; this new base became known as Hogsnorton. In 1940, Potter lamented the decline of music hall entertainment and foreign influences: ...the music-hall is no longer in existence. It was essentially a national institution: no foreigner except as a first or last turn—and\",\n \"title\": \"Gillie Potter\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14720416\",\n \"text\": \"William E. Ward House The William E. Ward House, known locally as Ward's Castle, is located on Magnolia Drive, on the state line between Rye Brook, New York and Greenwich, Connecticut, United States. It is a reinforced concrete structure built in the 1870s. Ward, a mechanical engineer, built the house with his friend Robert Mook to demonstrate the viability of the material for building. It is the first reinforced concrete building in the United States. It was later purchased by Mort Walker, creator of the comic strip \\\"Beetle Bailey\\\", who opened it as the Museum of Cartoon Art until 1992.\",\n \"title\": \"William E. Ward House\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1551916\",\n \"text\": \"hold on to that same branch, yelling for help. During the first two years of \\\"Beetle Bailey\\\"'s run (1950-1952), Walker did all work on the strip himself, including writing, penciling, inking and lettering; however, in 1952 he hired cartoonist Fred Rhoads as his first assistant. After that, numerous people would assist Walker on the strip through the years. As of 2016, the strip was being syndicated (by King Features) in 1,800 papers in the United States and the rest of the world. \\\"Beetle Bailey\\\" is unusual in having one of the largest and most varied permanent casts of any comic\",\n \"title\": \"Beetle Bailey\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12953890\",\n \"text\": \"Garth Smith Garth Smith (born Garth Davies, 10 December 1955) and sometimes credited as Garth, was known for being one of the bassists of the Bolton formed punk rock band, Buzzcocks. Garth was born in the Lancashire town of Tyldesley on Saturday December 10th 1955. He was named after the village of Garth in mid Wales, near to the town of Builth Wells where his mother was born and raised. Smith was the original bassist of the band, playing in their first show in the Bolton Institute of Technology, where the other founders of the band, guitarist Pete Shelley and\",\n \"title\": \"Garth Smith\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4826024\",\n \"text\": \"was like a novelist outlining the opening chapters of a book, working on them as written fiction pieces before translating the content to a game. The game begins on a mysterious planet, Porquatz, with the androgynous player, Terry Bailey, exploring his/her subterranean home city by elevator. Terry's mysterious uncle, Smoke Bailey, has recently arrived in a strange craft known as the B-Liner, a hybridized all-terrain vehicle and hot-air balloon. Finding Smoke napping in his room, and waking him from his reverie with repeated shouts, Terry is tasked by Smoke to embark in the B-Liner on a quest for a lost\",\n \"title\": \"In Search of the Most Amazing Thing\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1074223\",\n \"text\": \"founded. In 1871, the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway extended a main line from Emporia westward to Newton by July 1871. The town soon became an important railroad shipping point of Texas cattle. The city was founded in 1871 and named after Newton, Massachusetts, home of some of the Santa Fe stockholders. In August 1871, there was a Gunfight at Hide Park, in which a total of eight men were killed. The incident began with an argument between two local lawmen, Billy Bailey and Mike McCluskie. Because of this incident, Newton became known as \\\"bloody and lawless—the wickedest city\",\n \"title\": \"Newton, Kansas\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4198187\",\n \"text\": \"goods trains (mainly bringing coal from Radstock), which ceased in 1964, and very occasional excursion trains. Pensford viaduct is 995 feet (303 m) long, reaches a maximum height of 95 feet (29 m) to rail level and consists of sixteen arches. The viaduct is now a Grade II listed building. Nearby is Lord's Wood, Pensford, and the village is on the route of the Monarch's Way long distance footpath. Pensford was home to the clarinet player, Acker Bilk. Robert Hunter of the Grateful Dead lived in the village from 1979–81. John Perry guitarist with The Only Ones lived here between\",\n \"title\": \"Pensford\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4993475\",\n \"text\": \"a brief period of time before leaving for the U.S. Navy in 1944. Former pro wrestler Chris Kanyon came from Sunnyside. Legendary jazz musician Bix Beiderbecke died at 43–30 46th Street in Sunnyside, and a plaque was erected in his honor by the Greater Astoria Historical Society. Notable films shot in the area include: Several television shows have shot scenes in the neighborhood, including: Sunnyside Gardens Sunnyside, Queens Sunnyside is a middle-class neighborhood in the Western portion of the New York City borough of Queens. It shares borders with Hunters Point and Long Island City to the west, Astoria to\",\n \"title\": \"Sunnyside, Queens\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5697340\",\n \"text\": \"Hildasay Ferry and various settings depicted both inside and outside the cottages, including the beach and sand dunes, and the nearby countryside where the fictional new doctor's surgery was built. Boulmer is in the parliamentary constituency of Berwick-upon-Tweed. Boulmer Boulmer is a village in Northumberland, England, on the North Sea coast east of Alnwick. It is home to RAF Boulmer. Boulmer has an independent volunteer lifeboat station. The name Boulmer, pronounced \\\"Boomer\\\", is a derivation of Bulemer, from the old English bulan-mere (bulls mere). Boulmer was notorious for its smuggling activities, much of which was centred on the Fishing Boat\",\n \"title\": \"Boulmer\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1278127\",\n \"text\": \"Anklam Anklam [], formerly known as Tanglim and Wendenburg, is a town in the Western Pomerania region of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany. It is situated on the banks of the Peene river, just 8 km from its mouth in the \\\"Kleines Haff\\\", the western part of the Stettin Lagoon. Anklam has a population of 14,603 (2005) and was the capital of the former Ostvorpommern district. Since September 2011, it has been part of the district of Vorpommern-Greifswald. In the early Middle Ages, there was an important Scandinavian and Wendish settlement in the area near the present town now known as Altes Lager\",\n \"title\": \"Anklam\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4983888\",\n \"text\": \"nearly 20,000 as of 2017. 1950–1974: The Municipal Borough of Ealing wards of Greenford Central, Greenford North, Greenford South, Hanger Hill, Northolt, and Perivale. 1974–1983: The London Borough of Ealing wards of Brent, Cleveland, Horsenden, Mandeville, Perivale, Ravenor, and West End. 1983–1997: The London Borough of Ealing wards of Argyle, Costons, Hobbayne, Mandeville, Perivale, Ravenor, West End, and Wood End. 1997–2010: The London Borough of Ealing wards of Argyle, Costons, Hanger Hill, Hobbayne, Horsenden, Mandeville, Perivale, Pitshanger, Ravenor, West End, and Wood End. 2010–present: The London Borough of Ealing wards of Cleveland, Greenford Broadway, Greenford Green, Hobbayne, North Greenford, Northolt\",\n \"title\": \"Ealing North (UK Parliament constituency)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4355307\",\n \"text\": \"publication to what it characterizes as the \\\"16 affluent North Shore suburbs\\\": Bannockburn, Buffalo Grove, Deerfield, Fort Sheridan, Glencoe, Glenview, Highland Park, Kenilworth, Libertyville, Lincolnshire, Northbrook, Northfield, Riverwoods, Vernon Hills, Wilmette, and Winnetka. Overall, the general usage of the term \\\"North Shore\\\" applies to the following suburbs: Bannockburn; Buffalo Grove; Deerfield; Des Plaines; Evanston; Glencoe; Glenview; Golf; Green Oaks; Harwood Heights; Highland Park; Highwood; Hubbard Woods; Kenilworth; Lake Bluff; Lake Forest; Libertyville; Lincolnshire; Lincolnwood; Mettawa; Morton Grove; Niles; Norridge; Northbrook; Northfield; Park Ridge; Riverwoods; Rosemont; Skokie; Vernon Hills; Wheeling; Wilmette; and Winnetka. This geographic area favored by marketeers extends from\",\n \"title\": \"North Shore (Chicago)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8481384\",\n \"text\": \"town of New Bedford in Northern Ontario. The family drama followed the members of the Bailey family as they lived through a time marked by hardship. \\\"Wind at My Back\\\" was loosely based on the books of Max Braithwaite, \\\"Never Sleep Three in a Bed\\\" and \\\"The Night We Stole the Mounties Car\\\". The series opens in 1932, as Jack and Honey Bailey lose their hardware store and are forced to move back to Jack's hometown in Northern Ontario, where his family owns a silver mine. When Jack dies after being stung by hornets, Honey is forced to leave her\",\n \"title\": \"Wind at My Back\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7192569\",\n \"text\": \"Preston, Washington Preston is an unincorporated and exurban community located east of Seattle in King County, Washington, United States. It was named after railway official William T. Preston. Preston is a historic mill town on the northeast edge of the large Tiger Mountain State Forest, along Interstate 90. Preston, elevation , is located within commuting distance of Seattle and Bellevue. The local Raging River feeds into the Snoqualmie River at Fall City, and offers recreational activities like fly-fishing and swimming. Eastside Fire & Rescue has an all-volunteer fire station, Station 74, staffed by residents of Preston and nearby communities, which\",\n \"title\": \"Preston, Washington\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20207383\",\n \"text\": \"in the Danville area, the Pretoria West Hospital which is found on corner of Sytze Wierda Ave street and Morkel Street. Danville, Pretoria Danville is a predominantly White suburb, to the west of central Pretoria, in the City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality. After the suburb's first name of Westlands was rejected, a naming competition was held. The suburb was name Danville after the WW2 commander of the Voortrekkerhoogte base, General Daniël Hermanus Pienaar, with the suburb proclaimed in February 1951. Ever since the end of Apartheid, Danville itself has had a white majority, albeit with an ever-increasing black middle-class. In\",\n \"title\": \"Danville, Pretoria\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8258404\",\n \"text\": \"Lassan, Germany Lassan is a town in the Vorpommern-Greifswald district, in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Germany. The name possibly derives from an Old Polabian word, \\\"Lěšane\\\", meaning \\\"forest dweller\\\" or \\\"forest dwelling\\\". The town is situated on the Peenestrom river, a branch of the Oder, between Anklam and Wolgast. Both Anklam in the southwest and Wolgast in the north are approximately from Lassan. Part of the municipality are also the villages of Pulow, Papendorf, Klein Jasedow and Waschow. Lassan has a small marina for sailboats and yachts. There is also a campsite for visitors in the town. A museum dedicated to the\",\n \"title\": \"Lassan, Germany\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4254111\",\n \"text\": \"England's fourth division. Near to the town is Burslem Golf Club, a 9-hole course which once had singer Robbie Williams as a Junior Captain. It was opened on 28 September 1907 by vaudeville entertainer and golfer Sir Harry Lauder. On 29 September 2007 his great-nephew Gregory Lauder-Frost as guest-of-honour rededicated it for another century in a formal ceremony. Professional darts player Phil Taylor is from Burslem. Burslem is the site of the main campus of Stoke-on-Trent College, the largest Further Education college in England. The campus specialises in media-production and drama. Stoke Studio College, a studio school for 13- to\",\n \"title\": \"Burslem\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1978583\",\n \"text\": \"Dream\\\", recorded by Benny Goodman and His Orchestra, which reached number one for one week in March 1940 on the U.S. pop singles chart. (Vocalion releases only)</small> Mildred Bailey Mildred Bailey (born Mildred Rinker; February 27, 1903 – December 12, 1951) was a Native American jazz singer during the 1930s, known as \\\"The Queen of Swing\\\", \\\"The Rockin' Chair Lady\\\" and \\\"Mrs. Swing\\\". Some of her best-known hits are \\\"It's So Peaceful in the Country\\\", \\\"Trust in Me\\\", \\\"Where Are You?\\\", \\\"I Let a Song Go Out of My Heart\\\", \\\"Small Fry\\\", \\\"Please Be Kind\\\", \\\"Darn That Dream\\\", \\\"Rockin' Chair\\\",\",\n \"title\": \"Mildred Bailey\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2566178\",\n \"text\": \"CBC production), \\\"Sunshine Sketches of a Little Town\\\" (a 2011 CBC production), \\\"The Music Man\\\", \\\"Ice Princess\\\", \\\"The Town Christmas Forgot\\\" and \\\"A History of Violence\\\" were filmed in the town. In the latter film, Millbrook was depicted as the fictional town of Millbrook, Indiana. The political cartoonist Sam Hunter was born and raised in Millbrook, along with award-winning filmmaker Jared Raab, esteemed marine biologist Dustin Raab, and Juno Award winner singer/songwriter Serena Ryder. Cavan Monaghan Cavan Monaghan (known as Cavan-Millbrook-North Monaghan until 2007) is a township in Peterborough County in central-eastern Ontario, Canada, southwest of the city of Peterborough.\",\n \"title\": \"Cavan Monaghan\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5769415\",\n \"text\": \"S. Lowry, aviator John Alcock, Dodie Smith, the author of \\\"101 Dalmatians\\\". Old Trafford also produced two Victoria Cross winners in the First World War: Charles Coverdale, a sergeant in the Manchester Regiment, and James Marshall, an officer in the Lancashire Fusiliers. Rebecca Long-Bailey, MP for Salford and Eccles and Shadow Chief Secretary to the Treasury was born in Trafford. Old Trafford (district) </noinclude> Old Trafford is an area in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford, Greater Manchester, England, southwest of Manchester city centre, roughly delineated by the crossroads of two old toll gates, Brooks's Bar to the east and Trafford\",\n \"title\": \"Old Trafford (district)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2828596\",\n \"text\": \"St. Pauli St. Pauli (Sankt Pauli; ) is a quarter of the city of Hamburg belonging to the centrally located Hamburg-Mitte borough. Situated on the right bank of the Elbe river, the nearby Landungsbrücken is a northern part of the port of Hamburg. St. Pauli contains a world-famous red light district around the iconic Reeperbahn area. As of 2016 the area had 22,595 residents. At the beginning of the 17th century it developed as a suburb called 'Hamburger Berg' (Hamburg mountain) outside the gates of the nearby city of Hamburg and close to the city of Altona. The name comes\",\n \"title\": \"St. Pauli\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1574653\",\n \"text\": \"back to Mettmann, and after the last reorganization of 1975/76 the district got back the old name. The cities Langenfeld and Monheim were included into the district then, while Kettwig became part of the city Essen. The district Mettmann is located just south of the Ruhr area, next to the big cities of Düsseldorf. Most famous is the valley of the small river \\\"Düssel\\\", the \\\"Neanderthal\\\", where the fossils of the human species Neanderthals were first found. Mettmann (district) Mettmann is a Kreis (district) in the middle of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. Neighboring are the Ennepe-Ruhr and the district-free cities Wuppertal,\",\n \"title\": \"Mettmann (district)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17266348\",\n \"text\": \"Simon's Town Museum Established in 1977, Simon's Town Museum is a community museum situated in Simon's Town, a suburb of Cape Town in the Western Cape Province of the Republic of South Africa. It is a province-aided museum which receives support from the Government of the Western Cape Province. The Simon's Town Museum was established in 1977 by a group of enthusiastic volunteers, the MOTHS (War veterans of the Memorable Order of Tin Hats) of the “Snoekie Shellhole” and the Simon’s Town Historical Society. At first, the Simon's Town Museum was located in the old Headmaster’s house, but its rapid\",\n \"title\": \"Simon's Town Museum\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13196406\",\n \"text\": \"Leesburg, Idaho Leesburg is an unincorporated community in Lemhi County, Idaho, United States. It lies at (45.2238080, -114.1139647), along Napias Creek in the Salmon National Forest, west of Salmon. Its altitude is 6,653 feet (2,028 m). The community possessed a post office as late as 1942, but it has since closed. Little remains of the original community. The entire site has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1975. Leesburg was established after gold was discovered at the Leesburg Mine on July 16, 1866. The mining town was named for General Robert E. Lee because most of\",\n \"title\": \"Leesburg, Idaho\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3325968\",\n \"text\": \"Bavaria in 1815. It was a rural district centre in the \\\"Rheinkreis\\\" which was renamed \\\"Pfalz\\\" (Palatinate) in 1835. Princess Henriette of Nassau-Weilburg, an ancestor of both Prince William, Duke of Cambridge and his brother Prince Harry, was born in Kirchheimbolanden on 22 April 1780. Kirchheimbolanden Kirchheimbolanden, the capital of Donnersbergkreis, is a town in Rhineland-Palatinate, south-western Germany. It is situated approximately 25 km west of Worms, and 30 km north-east of Kaiserslautern. The first part of the name, \\\"Kirchheim\\\", dates back to 774. It became a town in 1368, and the Sponheim family improved its security with many towers\",\n \"title\": \"Kirchheimbolanden\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2237891\",\n \"text\": \"Eastleigh Eastleigh is a town in Hampshire, England, between Southampton and Winchester in South Hampshire. It was originally developed as a railway town by the London and South-Western Railway. The town lies on the River Itchen, one of England's premier chalk streams for fly fishing, a designated site of Special Scientific Interest. The modern town of Eastleigh lies on the old Roman road, built in A.D.79 between Winchester \\\"(Venta Belgarum)\\\" and Bitterne \\\"(Clausentum)\\\". Roman remains discovered in the Eastleigh area, including a Roman lead coffin excavated in 1908, indicate that a settlement probably existed here in Roman times. A Saxon\",\n \"title\": \"Eastleigh\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20207378\",\n \"text\": \"Danville, Pretoria Danville is a predominantly White suburb, to the west of central Pretoria, in the City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality. After the suburb's first name of Westlands was rejected, a naming competition was held. The suburb was name Danville after the WW2 commander of the Voortrekkerhoogte base, General Daniël Hermanus Pienaar, with the suburb proclaimed in February 1951. Ever since the end of Apartheid, Danville itself has had a white majority, albeit with an ever-increasing black middle-class. In 1956 an Afrikaans and English medium primary school was established in Danville, Pretoria. This school is currently known as Laerskool Geneeral\",\n \"title\": \"Danville, Pretoria\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6712950\",\n \"text\": \"(the man credited with inventing the sandwich). Wiveton church has a memorial to Royal Geographical Society Gold Medal Winner Lt. Colonel Frederick Marshman Bailey, one of the heroes of 'The Great Game'. Inside the church there is the joint memorial to Anne Fleming and Catherine Jennis. Wiveton Wiveton is a village and civil parish in the English county of Norfolk. It is situated on the west bank of the River Glaven, inland from the coast and directly across the river from the village of Cley next the Sea. The larger village of Blakeney is to the west, the town of\",\n \"title\": \"Wiveton\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6704571\",\n \"text\": \"support himself, he sets up a private investigation practice out of his beach house on Coronado Island, in San Diego. Henry Darrow originally starred as Lt. Manny Quinlan. For the second half of the first season, the series was retooled, with the location of the series shifted to Los Angeles, California, due to the high production costs of filming in and around San Diego. The retooling consisted of more than just a location change: a revised theme song and incidental music were composed and new supporting characters were added, notably the irascible Lt. Trench of the Santa Monica Police Department,\",\n \"title\": \"Harry O\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13238580\",\n \"text\": \"Merrill Blosser Merrill Blosser (May 28, 1892 – January 9, 1983) was an American cartoonist, the creator of the comic strip \\\"Freckles and His Friends\\\", which had a long run (1915–1971). Although his strip was set in the small town of Shadyside, it was obviously based on Blosser's hometown of Nappanee, Indiana, since Blosser often referenced real Nappanee locations, such as Johnson's Drug Store. Six successful cartoonists lived in Nappanee as children, including Fred Neher (\\\"Life’s Like That\\\") and Bill Holman (\\\"Smokey Stover\\\"). Growing up in Nappanee, where he was born, Blosser was encouraged by his parents to take drawing\",\n \"title\": \"Merrill Blosser\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3946589\",\n \"text\": \"first volunteered with the organization after his goddaughter was diagnosed with leukemia. G. W. Bailey George William Bailey (born August 27, 1944) is an American stage, television and film actor. Although he appeared in many dramatic roles, he may be best remembered for his \\\"crusty\\\" comedic characters such as Staff Sergeant Luther Rizzo in \\\"M*A*S*H\\\" (TV series 1979–1983); Lieutenant/Captain Thaddeus Harris in the \\\"Police Academy\\\" films (1984–1994) and Captain Felix Maxwell in \\\"Mannequin\\\" (1987). He played the role of Detective Lieutenant Louie Provenza on TNT's television crime drama \\\"The Closer\\\", and its spinoff series \\\"Major Crimes\\\", from 2005 to 2018.\",\n \"title\": \"G. W. Bailey\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5159005\",\n \"text\": \"settled. The street runs between Central and Sheung Wan, with Wyndham Street, Arbuthnot Road, Ladder Street, Upper Lascar Row, and Old Bailey Street in the vicinity. It was probably named by Sir John Francis Davis, the second Governor of Hong Kong, after his family home at Westbury-on-Trym, near Bristol, England. Another origin mentioned for the name is that holly shrubs were growing in the area when the road was constructed. Such plants were not indigenous to the area and would have been imported. Hollywood Road was the second road to be built when the colony of Hong Kong was founded,\",\n \"title\": \"Hollywood Road\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2566310\",\n \"text\": \"is buried in the family vault at the Church of St. Mary's, Berkeley. The Chantry, Jenner's home in Berkeley for 38 years, is now a museum. Jenner also inoculated Local people, free of charge, in a one-room hut in the garden, which he called the \\\"Temple of Vaccinia\\\". The hut is considered to be \\\"the birth-place of public health\\\". Victoria Cross recipient John Fitzhardinge Paul Butler, was also born here. Berkeley, Gloucestershire Berkeley ( ) is a small town and parish in Gloucestershire, England. It lies in the Vale of Berkeley between the east bank of the River Severn and\",\n \"title\": \"Berkeley, Gloucestershire\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13488225\",\n \"text\": \"Springtown, California Springtown' (formerly, Confederate Corners) is an unincorporated community in Monterey County, California, United States. Originally Springtown or Spring Town, the place was named Confederate Corners after some Southerners settled there in the late 1860s. In 2018, the U.S. Board on Geographic Names approved changing the name to Springtown in reference to Francis and John Spring who had moved in the 1800s to Monterey County from San Francisco.<ref name=\\\"SC 2018/05/18\\\"></ref> The place is the inspiration for the fictional small town \\\"Rebel Corners\\\" in John Steinbeck's novel \\\"The Wayward Bus\\\". It is located south-southwest of Salinas, on California State Route\",\n \"title\": \"Springtown, California\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1167547\",\n \"text\": \"added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1976. Also known as Ward's Castle, it was the home of the National Cartoon Museum, established by Mort Walker, the creator of Beetle Bailey, from 1976 to 1992. In 1983, 800 Westchester Avenue, described as the \\\"Taj Mahal of Rye Brook\\\" and the \\\"contemporary equivalent to the classical villa,\\\" was constructed as the General Foods Corporate Headquarters. As of the census of 2000, there were 8,602 people, 3,122 households, and 2,435 families residing in the village. The population density was 2,479.0 people per square mile (957.1/km²). There were 3,224 housing units\",\n \"title\": \"Rye Brook, New York\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16724946\",\n \"text\": \"Moliagul (birthplace of The Flying Doctors, Reverend John Flynn) and Melville Caves located in the Kooyoora State Park. The district is known for its annual Easter Monday Charity Carnival which began in 1871. Rheola is within the Loddon Shire, located 60 kilometers west of Bendigo. Nearby districts include: Kingower, Arnold, Llanelly, Murphys Creek, Moliagul, Logan, Wehla and the Kooyoora State Park. Nearby towns include: Inglewood, Wedderburn, St Arnaud and Dunolly. Rheola, like its neighbouring districts, was founded as gold mining village during the gold rush in the second half of the 19th century. Originally named 'Berlin' (earlier called Byr Lyn\",\n \"title\": \"Rheola, Victoria\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12803142\",\n \"text\": \"Dan Bailey (conservationist) Dan Bailey (March 22, 1904 – 1982) was a fly-shop owner, innovative fly developer and staunch Western conservationist. Born on a farm near Russellville, Kentucky, Bailey is best known for the fly shop he established in Livingston, Montana in 1938. Dan Bailey's Fly Shop is still in business today, operated by his son John at 209 West Park Street. Dan Bailey graduated from The Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina, in 1926 and earned a master's degree in physics from the University of Kentucky. He was a teacher in Missouri when he became interested in fly\",\n \"title\": \"Dan Bailey (conservationist)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3379773\",\n \"text\": \"1976 and the Presidential Medal of Freedom on October 17, 1988. Bailey was born in Newport News in Virginia, to the Reverend Joseph James and Ella Mae Ricks Bailey. She was raised in the Bloodfields neighborhood of Newport News, Virginia. She graduated from Booker T. Washington High School in nearby Norfolk, Virginia, the first city in the region to offer higher education for black students. Blues singer Ruth Brown from Portsmouth, Virginia was one of her classmates. She made her stage-singing debut when she was 15 years old. Her brother Bill Bailey was beginning his own career as a tap\",\n \"title\": \"Pearl Bailey\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12207551\",\n \"text\": \"two months after their acquisition by ZeniMax Media in June 2009. The story is set in the fictional town of Isenstadt during World War II, which the Nazis have enforced martial law in order to excavate rare \\\"Nachtsonne\\\" crystals necessary to access the \\\"Black Sun\\\" dimension. As the game progresses, happenings in Isenstadt become stranger (military patrols are replaced by supernatural creatures, etc.). Locations include the town's sewers, a tavern, a hospital, a farm, an underground mining facility, a church, the SS headquarters, a dig site and caverns, a cannery, a radio station, a paranormal base, a general's home, a\",\n \"title\": \"Wolfenstein (2009 video game)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5697337\",\n \"text\": \"Boulmer Boulmer is a village in Northumberland, England, on the North Sea coast east of Alnwick. It is home to RAF Boulmer. Boulmer has an independent volunteer lifeboat station. The name Boulmer, pronounced \\\"Boomer\\\", is a derivation of Bulemer, from the old English bulan-mere (bulls mere). Boulmer was notorious for its smuggling activities, much of which was centred on the Fishing Boat Inn. In the 18th century, one of the most well-known smugglers, King of the Gypsies William Faa, lived some miles away in the remote Scottish village of Kirk Yetholm. In the 18th and 19th centuries, the village was\",\n \"title\": \"Boulmer\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12189675\",\n \"text\": \"located anywhere in the American heartland, it was obviously based on Blosser's hometown of Nappanee, Indiana, since Blosser often referenced real places in Nappanee, such as Johnson's Drug Store. Nappanee holds the distinction of having the longest city name in the United States containing each letter in its name twice, and six successful cartoonists lived in Nappanee as children, including Fred Neher (\\\"Life’s Like That\\\") and Bill Holman (\\\"Smokey Stover\\\"). In the 1940s, \\\"Freckles and His Friends\\\" carried a topper strip, \\\"Hector\\\". By 1945, the strip was carried in 580 daily and 158 Sunday newspapers. At its peak, \\\"Freckles and\",\n \"title\": \"Freckles and His Friends\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6620076\",\n \"text\": \"raided Madam Ida Bailey's Canary Cottage, a house of prostitution in the Stingaree District and that the usual advance warnings were not made. Hence, reputed customers, Mayor Frary and the chief of police, may have been inconvenienced. Frary's 1904 Craftman style home at 3227 Grim Ave in North Park is now a bed and breakfast. Frary died in 1911 and is buried at Mount Hope Cemetery in San Diego. Frank P. Frary Frank Phineas Frary (December 7, 1856 – August 16, 1911) was an American Republican politician from California. He was born in Fremont, Ohio and moved to San Diego,\",\n \"title\": \"Frank P. Frary\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2169134\",\n \"text\": \"operations at the base referring to the facility as Moose Jaw/Air Vice Marshal C.M. McEwen Airport. Print Radio Television The only television station local to Moose Jaw is CKMJ-TV channel 7, an analogue repeater of CTV station CKCK-DT Regina. Moose Jaw was previously served by CHAB-TV, a television station that existed from 1959 to 1969. In the fictional Harry Potter universe, Moose Jaw is the hometown of the professional Quidditch team the Moose Jaw Meteorites, which are considered one of the most accomplished Quidditch teams in the world. However, in the 1970s they were threatened with disbandment due to trailing\",\n \"title\": \"Moose Jaw\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4671822\",\n \"text\": \"of the Kaiser Chiefs, and John Birch of Leeds, England & Great Britain rugby league teams. The village was also the birthplace of Second World War airman, Sir Augustus Walker of the Royal Air Force. The book \\\"The Modfather\\\" was set in Garforth in the late 1970s and early 1980s detailing David Lines adolescence in the village and his obsession with Paul Weller. Garforth \\\"See also People named Garforth.\\\" Garforth () is a town in the metropolitan borough of the City of Leeds, West Yorkshire, England. It sits in the Garforth and Swillington ward of Leeds City Council and the\",\n \"title\": \"Garforth\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1323303\",\n \"text\": \"Rose then criticized Widodo for \\\"ignoring the international outcry\\\" after the executions took place. Rose's Twitter page has garnered mainstream attention for his criticism of various figures in the Trump administration, as well as other figures such as Apple CEO Tim Cook. Axl Rose W. Axl Rose (born William Bruce Rose Jr.; raised as William Bruce Bailey; born February 6, 1962) is an American singer, songwriter, record producer and musician. He is the lead vocalist of the hard rock band Guns N' Roses, and has also been the band's sole constant member since its inception in 1985. In addition to\",\n \"title\": \"Axl Rose\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7915744\",\n \"text\": \"Frogmore, Hampshire Frogmore is a small suburban village in the north east of the civil parish of Yateley in the county of Hampshire, England. The origin of the place-name is from the Old English words \\\"frogga\\\" and \\\"mere\\\" meaning pool frequented by frogs. It adjoins Darby Green and lies between the towns of Yateley and Blackwater, and lies 32 miles (51 km) west-south-west of London. The county borders of both Berkshire (Bracknell Forest) and Surrey (Surrey Heath) are approximately one mile away. The village, part of the Frogmore & Darby Green ward, is under the administrative jurisdiction of Yateley Town\",\n \"title\": \"Frogmore, Hampshire\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10755939\",\n \"text\": \"and Site of Special Scientific Interest. The bog is the setting for the children's book \\\"Nellie Longarms Will Get You... If You Don't Watch Out\\\", by John Bailey and Rose Quigley. In English folklore, the moss is also said to be the home to a headless horseman and 'Ginny Greenteeth'. Wybunbury Lane links the B5071 which runs through the Wybunbury parish to London Road (Stapeley). This lane provides a direct transport link between Wybunbury and the village of Stapeley. Wybunbury Delves C of E Primary School is a Church of England primary school. Wybunbury Delves is a small school with\",\n \"title\": \"Wybunbury\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6732413\",\n \"text\": \"at Tulliallan in Fife. Three Area Commands; Stirling, Falkirk and Clackmannanshire relate to the three Councils within the force area. Stirling (Force HQ) and Bannockburn. Stirling Sub-Area Command: Aberfoyle, Arnprior, Balfron, Blanefield, Bridge of Allan, Callander, Crianlarich, Drymen, Dunblane, Killin and Lochearnhead. Falkirk Sub-Area Command: Bainsford, Camelon and Falkirk (HQ). Denny Sub-Area Command: Denny (HQ) and Stenhousemuir. Grangemouth Sub-Area Command: Bo'ness, Grangemouth (HQ) and Maddiston. Alloa (HQ), Tillicoultry and Tullibody. Central Scotland Police Central Scotland Police was the territorial police force responsible for the Scottish council areas of Stirling, Falkirk and Clackmannanshire (the former Central region). The headquarters of the\",\n \"title\": \"Central Scotland Police\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8449475\",\n \"text\": \"transcript of the Domesday Book of 1086 indicates that there was a settlement at Kingsnorth controlled by the Manor of Wye. One explanation of the name is that it derived from the Old English cyninges snad, detached land belonging to a royal estate. Another suggestion is that the settlement took its name from Jutish people 'Kyn', kin folk, who settled on a wooded hill or 'snode'. Other early variations of the name are Kyngsnode; Kynsnoth, Kyngesnothe and Kingessnode. The RAF and USAAF occupied RAF Kingsnorth, an airfield close to the village, during World War II. Kingsnorth is bisected by the\",\n \"title\": \"Kingsnorth\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2418277\",\n \"text\": \"won the Somerset Senior Cup for the third time in 2002–03 and reached the 5th round of the FA Vase in 2003–04. They currently play in the Western Football League Division 1. There is a bowls club situated at the Memorial Park. Keynsham leisure centre was built in 1965 by British Gas as a gift to the town. It includes a swimming pool, gymnasium and sauna. Several notable people have been born or lived in Keynsham. The comedian Bill Bailey was raised in the town. Another entertainer Neil Forrester, who was a research assistant and became known as a cast\",\n \"title\": \"Keynsham\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10027732\",\n \"text\": \"up in South Otselic, New York, the daughter of a successful Chenango County farmer. She was reportedly given the nickname \\\"Billy\\\" because of her love of the contemporary hit song \\\"Won't You Come Home Bill Bailey\\\"; Brown often signed her love letters \\\"The Kid\\\" after the Western outlaw Billy the Kid. She attended grammar school in the village, and became close friends with teacher Maud Kenyon Crumb and her husband. In 1904, she moved to nearby Cortland to live with a married sister, and went to work at the Gillette Skirt Company. Chester Gillette, the company owner's nephew, moved to\",\n \"title\": \"Murder of Grace Brown\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3242698\",\n \"text\": \"Point Primary School. Morradoo comes from an Aboriginal word meaning \\\"powder and shot\\\", and was the original name for Crib Point. In December 1973, flashing light signals were provided at the Disney Road level crossing. Boom barriers were later provided at the same crossing in 2011. Morradoo has one platform. It is serviced by Metro Trains' Stony Point line services. Platform 1: Ventura Bus Lines operates one route via Morradoo station: Morradoo railway station Morradoo railway station is located on the Stony Point line, in Victoria, Australia. It serves the town of Crib Point, and opened on 7 November 1960\",\n \"title\": \"Morradoo railway station\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2961569\",\n \"text\": \"Yellowstone Municipal Park – Katzman Playground (located on Yellowstone Boulevard, between 68th Avenue and 68th Road); the Annadale Playground (located on Yellowstone Boulevard, between 64th Road and 65th Avenue); the Willow Lake Playground (located off the Grand Central Parkway, between 71st and 72nd Avenues); the Ehrenreich-Austin Playground (located on Austin Street, between 76th Avenue and 76th Drive); and the Russell Sage Playground (located on 68th Avenue, between Booth and Austin Streets). Forest Hills was featured as the home setting for fictional comic book character Spider-Man. The Ramones originated in Forest Hills. The band was recognized with the creation of Ramones\",\n \"title\": \"Forest Hills, Queens\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"compressed_ctxs_1":{"kind":"string","value":"{\n \"compressed_prompt\": \"Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\\n\\ntitle: Beetle Bailey context: Features Syndicate, was animated by Paramount Cartoon Studios in the U.S. and Artransa Film Studios in Sydney, Australia, and was first broadcast in Beetle Bailey (1963 TV series) and Beetle Bailey (1989 TV series). The opening credits included the sound of a bugle reveille, followed by a theme song specifically composed for the cartoon: The repeat of the name of Beetle Bailey is shouted by an angry Sgt. Snorkel. Beetle was voiced by comic actor and director Howard Morris with Allan Melvin as the voice of Sarge. Other King Features properties, such as \\\"Snuffy Smith\\\" and \\\"Krazy Kat\\\", also appeared\\n\\nWhat was the hometown of Sgt. Snorkel in Beetle Bailey?\",\n \"compressed_tokens\": 190,\n \"origin_tokens\": 190,\n \"ratio\": \"1.0x\",\n \"saving\": \", Saving $0.0 in GPT-4.\"\n}"},"compressed_ctxs_100":{"kind":"string","value":"{\n \"compressed_prompt\": \"Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\\n\\ntitle: Beetle Bailey context: Features Syndicate, was animated by Paramount Cartoon Studios in the U.S. and Artransa Film Studios in Sydney, Australia, and was first broadcast in Beetle Bailey (1963 TV series) and Beetle Bailey (1989 TV series). The opening credits included the sound of a bugle reveille, followed by a theme song specifically composed for the cartoon: The repeat of the name of Beetle Bailey is shouted by an angry Sgt. Snorkel. Beetle was voiced by comic actor and director Howard Morris with Allan Melvin as the voice of Sarge. Other King Features properties, such as \\\"Snuffy Smith\\\" and \\\"Krazy Kat\\\", also appeared\\n\\ntitle: Beetle Ba context: the. Serge First Class Snorkel wears a Class A dress uniform heavily wrinkled garrison; wear M1 helmet lin painted with insignia Despiteanachronism,' weapons and make rare appearances While Beetle Bailey's unit is Company A one running gag is that characters are various seen in different branches of the Army such as artillery armor, infantry and paratroops. Beetle is always seen with a hat or helmet covering forehead and eyes. Even leave, his \\\"civvies\\\" include a pork pie hat worn in the same\\n: Beetleiley: work and thus is often the subject of ver physical chising from his superior officer, Sergeant Snorkel The characters never seem see combat themselves exception mock battles combat drills In fact they to in versiontereypical comurginitially basic training, now to be stuck time in a regular inf The Beleiley are still the uniforms of late194s to early 1970s green fatig and baseball as basic uniform, and je\\n:: House, on the state between Brook, structure the18 a house with the the for building theced concrete building in the United States. It was later purchased by Mort Walker, creator of the comic strip \\\"Beetle Bailey\\\", who opened it as the Museum of Cartoon Art until 1992.\\n\\nWhat was the hometown of Sgt. Snorkel in Beetle Bailey?\",\n \"compressed_tokens\": 456,\n \"origin_tokens\": 15762,\n \"ratio\": \"34.6x\",\n \"saving\": \", Saving $0.9 in GPT-4.\"\n}"}}},{"rowIdx":271,"cells":{"id":{"kind":"number","value":271,"string":"271"},"question":{"kind":"string","value":"Most of us are familiar with the faces of Dr. B. H. McKeeby and Nan Wood, but who are they and where have we seen them?"},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["The farmer and his wife in Grant Wood's classic painting, American Gothic"],"string":"[\n \"The farmer and his wife in Grant Wood's classic painting, American Gothic\"\n]","isConversational":false},"target":{"kind":"string","value":"The farmer and his wife in Grant Wood's classic painting, American Gothic"},"ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"id":"4129495","text":"American Gothic American Gothic is a 1930 painting by Grant Wood in the collection of the Art Institute of Chicago. Wood was inspired to paint what is now known as the \"American Gothic\" House in Eldon, Iowa, along with \"the kind of people I fancied should live in that house.\" It depicts a farmer standing beside a woman who has been interpreted to be his sister. The figures were modeled by Wood's sister Nan Wood Graham and their dentist Dr. Byron McKeeby. The woman is dressed in a colonial print apron evoking 19th-century Americana, and the man is holding a","title":"American Gothic"},{"id":"1822270","text":"she looks older than Wood's sister preferred to think of herself. The dentist, Dr. Byron McKeeby (1867–1950), was from Cedar Rapids. The woman is dressed in a dark print apron mimicking 19th century Americana with a cameo brooch. The couple are in the traditional roles of men and women, the man's pitchfork symbolizing hard labor. The compositional severity and detailed technique derive from Northern Renaissance paintings, which Grant had looked at during three visits to Europe; after this he became increasingly aware of the Midwest's own legacy, which also informs the work. It is a key image of Regionalism. Wood","title":"Grant Wood"},{"id":"4129499","text":"Byron McKeeby (1867–1950) from Cedar Rapids, Iowa. Nan, perhaps embarrassed about being depicted as the wife of a man twice her age, told people that her brother had envisioned the couple as father and daughter, rather than husband and wife, which Wood himself confirmed (\"The prim lady with him is his grown-up daughter\") in his letter to a Mrs. Nellie Sudduth in 1941. Elements of the painting stress the vertical that is associated with Gothic architecture. The three-pronged pitchfork is echoed in the stitching of the man's overalls, the Gothic window of the house, and the structure of the man's","title":"American Gothic"},{"id":"17792435","text":"1907: 1908: 1909: 1910: 1911: 1912: 1913: 1914: 1915: 1917: 1918: 1920: 1921: 1922: 1923: 1925: 1926: 1927: 1928: 1929: 1930: 1931: 1932: 1933: 1934: 1935: 1936: 1937: 1938: 1940: 1941: 1942: 1943: 1945: 1946: 1947: 1949: 1950: 1951: 1955: 1957: 1959: 1962: 1963: 1964: 1965: 1966: 1969: 1970: 1971: 1972: 1975: 1976: 1977: 1978: 1979: 1980: 1982: 1983: 1984: 1987: 1988: 1994: 1996: 2001: 2005–2006: 2006: 2011: 2013: 2016: Timeline of women's education This is a timeline of women's education. 1237 1239 1608 1636 1639 1644 1674 1678 1685 1727 1732 1742 1751 1783 1786 1787 1788 1803 1818","title":"Timeline of women's education"},{"id":"1822269","text":"inspiration came from Eldon, southern Iowa, where a cottage designed in the Gothic Revival style with an upper window in the shape of a medieval pointed arch provided the background and also the painting's title. Wood decided to paint the house along with \"the kind of people I fancied should live in that house.\" The painting shows a farmer standing beside his spinster daughter, figures modeled by the artist's sister, Nan (1900–1990), and his dentist. Wood's sister insisted that the painting depicts the farmer's daughter and not wife, disliking suggestions it was the farmer's wife, since that would mean that","title":"Grant Wood"},{"id":"16274296","text":"of six and ten when they died. Currently, neither of the victims nor any potential suspects have been identified. This case remains unsolved. Babes in the Wood murders (Stanley Park) The Babes in the Wood murders is a name which has been used in the media to refer to a child murder case in which the bodies of multiple victims were found concealed in woodland. The remains of two unidentified victims (murdered in 1947) were discovered in Stanley Park, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada on Wednesday, January 14, 1953. The investigation was hampered when the medical examiner concluded that the victims","title":"Babes in the Wood murders (Stanley Park)"},{"id":"13382943","text":"1490s in poetry Nationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature (for instance, Irish or France). 1491: 1492: 1493: 1494: 1495: 1496: 1497: 1498: 1499: Death years link to the corresponding \"[year] in poetry\" article. There are conflicting or unreliable sources for the birth years of many people born in this period; where sources conflict, the poet is listed again and the conflict is noted: 1490: 1491: 1492: 1493: 1494: 1495: 1496: 1497: 1498: 1499: Birth years link to the corresponding \"[year] in poetry\" article: 1490: 1491: 1492: 1493: 1494: 1495: 1496: 1497: 1498: 1499:","title":"1490s in poetry"},{"id":"14402726","text":"Vincent and the Doctor \"Vincent and the Doctor\" is the tenth episode of the fifth series of British science fiction television series \"Doctor Who\", first broadcast on BBC One on 5 June 2010. It was written by Richard Curtis and directed by Jonny Campbell and featured an uncredited guest appearance from actor Bill Nighy. Intrigued by an ominous figure in Vincent van Gogh's painting \"The Church at Auvers\", alien time traveller the Doctor (Matt Smith) and his companion Amy Pond (Karen Gillan) go back in time to meet Van Gogh (Tony Curran) and discover that Auvers-sur-Oise has been plagued by","title":"Vincent and the Doctor"},{"id":"19029797","text":"that he once \"snogged a Zygon\". The Tenth Doctor kissed a Zygon impersonating Queen Elizabeth in \"The Day of the Doctor\". The Doctor resumes the position of \"President of the World\" and the use of the plane afforded by that position, both mentioned in \"Death in Heaven\". However, when he introduces himself as President of the World, he is told, \"yes, we know who you are.\" This is continuation of a running joke from earlier in the series; the Prime Minister Harriet Jones is regularly told this after introducing herself, multiple times in both \"The Christmas Invasion\" (2005), and in","title":"The Zygon Invasion"},{"id":"2455091","text":"a monocle to show his distinction as a count. The \"New Yorker\" mascot Eustace Tilley, an early 19th-century dandy, is depicted using a monocle like a quizzing glass. A monocle is also a distinctive part of the costume of at least three Gilbert & Sullivan characters: Major-General Stanley in \"The Pirates of Penzance\", Sir Joseph Porter in \"H.M.S. Pinafore\", and Reginald Bunthorne in \"Patience\", and composer Sullivan used one himself. In some variant productions, numerous other characters sport the distinctive eyewear, and some noted performers of the \"G&S\" repertoire also have worn a monocle. The Doctor as played by William","title":"Monocle"},{"id":"4129498","text":"After obtaining permission from the Jones family, the house's owners, Wood made a sketch the next day in oil on paperboard from the house's front yard. This sketch displayed a steeper roof and a longer window with a more pronounced ogive than on the actual house, features which eventually adorned the final work. Wood decided to paint the house along with \"the kind of people I fancied should live in that house.\" He recruited his sister Nan (1899–1990) to model the woman, dressing her in a colonial print apron mimicking 19th-century Americana. The man is modeled on Wood's dentist, Dr.","title":"American Gothic"},{"id":"13382944","text":"Other events: 16th century: 1490s in poetry Nationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature (for instance, Irish or France). 1491: 1492: 1493: 1494: 1495: 1496: 1497: 1498: 1499: Death years link to the corresponding \"[year] in poetry\" article. There are conflicting or unreliable sources for the birth years of many people born in this period; where sources conflict, the poet is listed again and the conflict is noted: 1490: 1491: 1492: 1493: 1494: 1495: 1496: 1497: 1498: 1499: Birth years link to the corresponding \"[year] in poetry\" article: 1490: 1491: 1492: 1493: 1494: 1495:","title":"1490s in poetry"},{"id":"16274295","text":"Babes in the Wood murders (Stanley Park) The Babes in the Wood murders is a name which has been used in the media to refer to a child murder case in which the bodies of multiple victims were found concealed in woodland. The remains of two unidentified victims (murdered in 1947) were discovered in Stanley Park, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada on Wednesday, January 14, 1953. The investigation was hampered when the medical examiner concluded that the victims were one male and one female. A DNA test conducted in 1998 proved that both victims were male. They were between the ages","title":"Babes in the Wood murders (Stanley Park)"},{"id":"16038117","text":"transformed in the light of a full moon.\" The natives of The Wood are consistently able to recognize Prue and Curtis as Outsiders, who ought not to be able to enter through the Periphery Bind surrounding The Wood, while only the people of the pastoral and meditative North Wood can see with an unexplained sense that Prue and Curtis have a dual nature, born outside The Wood yet unhindered by the magical barrier that keeps the Outsiders out. Prue McKeel, age 13, is a precocious seventh grader with a talent for nature drawing, an encyclopedic knowledge of birds from a","title":"Wildwood (novel)"},{"id":"12992058","text":"When Stratton retired, he lived in the most esteemed neighborhood of New York, he owned a yacht, and dressed in the nicest clothing he could buy. In 1860, The American Museum had listed and archived thirteen human curiosities in the museum, including an albino family, The Living Aztecs, three dwarfs, a black mother with two albino children, The Swiss Bearded Lady, The Highland Fat Boys, and What Is It? (Henry Johnson, a mentally disabled black man). Barnum introduced the \"man-monkey\" William Henry Johnson, a microcephalic black dwarf who spoke a mysterious language created by Barnum. In 1862, he discovered the","title":"Freak show"},{"id":"17792434","text":"Timeline of women's education This is a timeline of women's education. 1237 1239 1608 1636 1639 1644 1674 1678 1685 1727 1732 1742 1751 1783 1786 1787 1788 1803 1818 1822 1823 1826 1827 1829 1831 1834 1834 1837 1839 1841 1842 1843 1844 1847 1849 1850 1851 1852 1853 1854 1855 1857 1858 1859 1860 1861 1862 1863 1864 1865 1866 1866 1867 1868 1869 1870: 1871 1872: 1873: 1874: 1875: 1876: 1877: 1878: 1878: 1879: 1880: 1881: 1882: 1883: 1885: 1886: 1887: 1889: 1890: 1891: 1892: 1893: 1894: 1895: 1896: 1898: 1900: 1901: 1902: 1903: 1904: 1905: 1906:","title":"Timeline of women's education"},{"id":"12614562","text":"walrus oosik. Also on display are two mummified human bodies, \"Sylvester\" and \"Sylvia\". \"Sylvester\" (acquired in 1955) functions as an informal symbol of the shop. For years, the general belief has been that he was the victim of a late 19th-century shooting in the Arizona desert, and that the extreme dryness of the desert naturally mummified the body. However, CT scans in 2001, 2005 and an MRI in 2005 suggest an embalmer injected an arsenic-based fluid shortly after death. The body is one of the best-preserved mummies known. Newly published information and a photograph from 1892 indicate that \"Sylvester,\" originally","title":"Ye Olde Curiosity Shop"},{"id":"1822263","text":"of a relationship with his personal secretary. Critic Janet Maslin states that his friends knew him to be \"homosexual and a bit facetious in his masquerade as an overall-clad farm boy.\" University administration dismissed the allegations and Wood would have returned as professor if not for his growing health problems. The day before his 51st birthday, Wood died at the university hospital of pancreatic cancer. He is buried at Riverside Cemetery, Anamosa, Iowa. When Wood died, his estate went to his sister, Nan Wood Graham, the woman portrayed in \"American Gothic\". When she died in 1990, her estate, along with","title":"Grant Wood"},{"id":"951661","text":"become explicitly part of the story. In the accompanying illustrations by Linley Sambourne, Huxley and Owen are caricatured, studying a captured water baby. In 1892 Thomas Henry Huxley's five-year-old grandson Julian saw this engraving and wrote his grandfather a letter asking: \"Dear Grandpater – Have you seen a Waterbaby? Did you put it in a bottle? Did it wonder if it could get out? Could I see it some day? – Your loving Julian.\" Huxley wrote back a letter (later evoked by the \"New York Sun\"s \"Yes, Virginia, there is a Santa Claus\" in 1897): \"My dear Julian – I","title":"The Water-Babies, A Fairy Tale for a Land Baby"},{"id":"16569385","text":"The Way Through the Woods (novel) The Way Through the Woods is a book in the \"Doctor Who\" \"New Series Adventures\" series, featuring the Eleventh Doctor, Amy Pond and Rory Williams. For thousands of years, the inhabitants of Foxton have avoided Swallow Woods, but approximately every fifty years a number of people go into the woods and never come out. The Doctor realises this is the result of a spatial distortion caused by a crashed spaceship and discovers that a week after the last disappearances the entire area will be destroyed and replaced with a lake. He has Rory befriend","title":"The Way Through the Woods (novel)"},{"id":"4129504","text":"Coast art circles. Wood was quoted in this period as stating, \"All the good ideas I've ever had came to me while I was milking a cow.\" The Depression-era understanding of the painting as a depiction of an authentically American scene prompted the first well-known parody, a 1942 photo by Gordon Parks of cleaning woman Ella Watson, shot in Washington, D.C. \"American Gothic\" is a frequently parodied image. It has been lampooned in Broadway shows such as \"The Music Man\", movies such as \"The Rocky Horror Picture Show\", television shows such as \"Green Acres\" and the \"Dick Van Dyke Show\"","title":"American Gothic"},{"id":"12668159","text":"Panda Bear, Panda Bear, What Do You See? Panda Bear, Panda Bear, What Do You See? is a children's picture book by Bill Martin, Jr. and illustrated by Eric Carle. It is the third companion book to \"Brown Bear, Brown Bear, What Do You See?\". Various endangered animals answer the question \"What do you see?\" and the answers are what animal they see. The text is in rhyme. The list of animals includes a panda bear, a bald eagle, a water buffalo, a spider monkey, a green sea turtle, a macaroni penguin, a sea lion, a red wolf, a whooping","title":"Panda Bear, Panda Bear, What Do You See?"},{"id":"10079304","text":"that this sculpture was once attached to a body. The grand woman in this photo has her head upturned to the sky, possibly delivering a message to God. She is clothed in forest leaves, and at her sides are figures of moose and buffalo. Between the feet of the woman stands a bearded figure, a pioneer with an axe. His arms are outstretched as if in worship of Canada rising before and above him. Maltwood saw Canada as unspoiled and bountiful, in contrast to the materially driven and spiritually decayed Britain. Maltwood felt a deep connection to the nature of","title":"Katharine Emma Maltwood"},{"id":"8731813","text":"Roach in poetry. Winner: Nominees: Winner: 2 Finalists: Nominees: Winner: Finalists: Nominees: Winner: Finalists: Nominees: Winner: Nominees: Winner: 2 Finalists: Nominees\":\" Winner: 2 Finalists: Nominees: Winner: 2 Finalists: Nominees: Winner: Nominees Winner: 2 Finalists: Nominees\":\" Winner: 2 Finalists: Nominees: Winner: 2 Finalists: Nominees: Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Nominees Winner Nominees Winner Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winners Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Nominees Winner","title":"Hurston-Wright Legacy Award"},{"id":"8288922","text":"Hygrophorus Hygrophorus is a genus of agarics (gilled mushrooms) in the family Hygrophoraceae. Called \"woodwaxes\" in the UK or \"waxy caps\" (together with \"Hygrocybe\" species) in North America, basidiocarps (fruit bodies) are typically fleshy, often with slimy caps and lamellae that are broadly attached to decurrent. All species are ground-dwelling and ectomycorrhizal (forming an association with living trees) and are typically found in woodland. Around 100 species are recognized worldwide. Fruit bodies of several species are considered edible and are sometimes offered for sale in local markets. \"Hygrophorus\" was first published in 1836 by Swedish mycologist Elias Magnus Fries. The","title":"Hygrophorus"},{"id":"4129496","text":"pitchfork. The plants on the porch of the house are mother-in-law's tongue and beefsteak begonia, which are the same as the plants in Wood's 1929 portrait of his mother \"Woman with Plants\". \"American Gothic\" is one of the most familiar images in 20th-century American art and has been widely parodied in American popular culture. In 2016–17, the painting was displayed in Paris at the Musée de l'Orangerie and in London at the Royal Academy of Arts in its first showings outside the United States. In August 1930, Grant Wood, an American painter with European training, was driven around Eldon, Iowa,","title":"American Gothic"},{"id":"2673081","text":"Trumbull's 1805 painting of Hamilton that belongs to the portrait collection of New York City Hall. The $10 bill is unique in that it is the only denomination in circulation in which the portrait faces to the left. It also features one of two non-presidents on currently issued U.S. bills, the other being Benjamin Franklin on the $100 bill. Hamilton is also the only person not born in the continental United States or British America (he was from the West Indies) currently depicted on U.S. paper currency; three others have been depicted in the past: Albert Gallatin, Switzerland ($500 1862/63","title":"United States ten-dollar bill"},{"id":"11298480","text":"\"Evan\" could also be interpreted as \"Heir of the Earth\" or \"The King\". The name is also occasionally given to females, as with actress Evan Rachel Wood. It may be encountered as a surname, but Evans is usual. The popularity of the name Evan for males in the United States rose steadily over the last several decades, going from the 440th-ranked male name in 1957 to peaking at the 35th-ranked male name in 2009. It has since declined somewhat, and dropped out of the top 50 male names in the US in 2013. \"See also: Evan Evan is a Welsh","title":"Evan"},{"id":"14900799","text":"and no banding of any type is seen in a black-and-white photograph of a rainbow (only a smooth gradation of intensity to a maxima, then fading to a minima at the other side of the arc). For colors seen by a normal human eye, the most commonly cited and remembered sequence, in English, is Newton's sevenfold red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo and violet (popularly memorized by mnemonics like Roy G. Biv). However, color-blind persons will see fewer colors. Rainbows can be caused by many forms of airborne water. These include not only rain, but also mist, spray, and airborne","title":"Atmospheric optics"},{"id":"17585703","text":"Irish Catholic laborers, Dominic Daley and James Halligan, were seen near the vicinity of the crime, and apprehended. The case became a huge sensation. The men were given a hasty trial and executed in Northampton in June, 1806, before a crowd of 20,000 cheering spectators. Subsequent research has borne out a miscarriage of justice: the men were likely innocent, victims of prejudice and a rush to judgment. Daley and Halligan are now known as the “Irish Sacco and Vanzetti.” They were officially pardoned by Governor Michael Dukakis in 1984. The action opens less than a week before the scheduled execution","title":"The Garden of Martyrs"},{"id":"834523","text":"Natalie Wood Natalie Wood (born Natalia Nikolaevna Zakharenko; July 20, 1938 – November 29, 1981) was an American actress. Born in San Francisco to Russian immigrant parents, Wood began her career in film as a child and became a successful Hollywood star as a young adult, receiving three Academy Award nominations before she turned 25 years old. She began acting in films at the age of four and, at age eight, was given a co-starring role in the 1947 classic Christmas film \"Miracle on 34th Street\". As a teenager, her performance in \"Rebel Without a Cause\" (1955) earned her a","title":"Natalie Wood"},{"id":"1727058","text":"term expiration up to eighteen additional months. Under Franklin D. Roosevelt: Under Harry S. Truman: Under Dwight D. Eisenhower: Under John F. Kennedy: Under Lyndon B. Johnson: Under Richard Nixon: Under Gerald Ford: Under Jimmy Carter: Under Ronald Reagan: Under George H. W. Bush: Under Bill Clinton: Under George W. Bush: Under Barack Obama: Under Donald Trump: Securities and Exchange Commission appointees Members of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission are appointed by the President of the United States. As of 2011, their terms last five years and are staggered so that one commissioner's term ends on June 5 of","title":"Securities and Exchange Commission appointees"},{"id":"13032818","text":"light-years from Earth. Another open cluster in Gemini is NGC 2158. Visible in large amateur telescopes and very rich, it is more than 12,000 light-years from Earth. The Eskimo Nebula or Clown Face Nebula (NGC 2392) is a planetary nebula with an overall magnitude of 9.2, located 4,000 light-years from Earth. In a small amateur telescope, its 10th magnitude central star is visible, along with its blue-green elliptical disk. It is named for its resemblance to the head of a person wearing a parka. The Medusa Nebula is another planetary nebula, some 1,500 light-years distant. Geminga is a neutron star","title":"Gemini (constellation)"},{"id":"5011981","text":"give up fighting. When he makes a passing remark about the children and their parents, Buffy is struck by the thought that the children's parents were never seen or mentioned, and the fact that no one knows the children's names. After using the Internet to contact Willow, the Scooby Gang learns that every fifty years throughout history, the murdered bodies of two nameless children have been found, resulting in peaceful communities being torn apart by vigilante chaos. The earliest record dating from Germany during 1649, where a cleric from the Black Forest discovered the corpses of \"Hans and Greta Strauss\",","title":"Gingerbread (Buffy the Vampire Slayer)"},{"id":"6327353","text":"Wood (surname) Wood is a surname in the English language. It is common throughout the world, especially countries with historical links to Great Britain. For the most part, the surname Wood originated as a topographic name used to describe a person who lived in, or worked in a wood or forest. This name is derived from the Middle English \"wode\", meaning \"wood\" (from the Old English \"wudu\"). An early occurrence of this surname (of a personal residing near a wood) is \"de la Wode\", recorded in Hertfordshire, England, in 1242. The locational name also appeared in early records Latinised as","title":"Wood (surname)"},{"id":"6920284","text":"of postholes for standing timbers, discovered in 1922, was named Woodhenge by its excavators because of similarities with Stonehenge. The name woodhenge is also used for a series of timber circles found at the Native American site of Cahokia (Cahokia Woodhenge). The timber Seahenge in Norfolk was named as such by journalists writing about its discovery in 1998. In November 2004, a diameter circle of postholes was found in Russia and publicised as the Russian Stonehenge. Other prehistoric sites elsewhere, often also with proposed astronomical alignments, are often described by journalists as being that region's '\"answer to Stonehenge\". In May","title":"Stonehenge replicas and derivatives"},{"id":"1822267","text":"painting \"American Gothic\", which is also one of the most famous paintings in American art, and one of the few images to reach the status of widely recognised cultural icon, comparable to Leonardo da Vinci's \"Mona Lisa\" and Edvard Munch's \"The Scream\". \"American Gothic\" was first exhibited in 1930 at the Art Institute of Chicago, where it is still located. It was given a $300 prize and made news stories country-wide, bringing Wood immediate recognition. Since then, it has been borrowed and satirized endlessly for advertisements and cartoons. Art critics who had favorable opinions about the painting, such as Gertrude","title":"Grant Wood"},{"id":"1762184","text":"their personal taste, choosing new furniture, new drapery, and designing their own oval-shaped carpet to take up most of the floor. Artwork is selected from the White House's own collection, or borrowed from museums for the president's term in office. The Oval Office has become associated in Americans' minds with the presidency itself through memorable images, such as a young John F. Kennedy, Jr. peering through the front panel of his father's desk, President Richard Nixon speaking by telephone with the Apollo 11 astronauts during their moonwalk, and daughter Amy Carter bringing her Siamese cat Misty Malarky Ying Yang to","title":"Oval Office"},{"id":"19364114","text":"Dalai Lama Awakening Dalai Lama Awakening is a 2014 feature-length documentary film, produced and directed by Khashyar Darvich and narrated by actor Harrison Ford. With over 30 minutes of additional footage and a new score, the film is a Director's Cut and revision of \"Dalai Lama Renaissance\", the award winning 2007 documentary. The film presents the journey of innovative Western thinkers who travel to India to meet with the Dalai Lama. The film features Dr. Michael Beckwith (\"The Secret\"), quantum physicists Fred Alan Wolf and Amit Goswami (\"What The Bleep Do We Know\"), radio host and author Thom Hartmann, author","title":"Dalai Lama Awakening"},{"id":"1652242","text":"to the National Trust, containing one of the best collections of arts and crafts movement furnishings and fabrics. East Grinstead House is the headquarters of the (UK and Ireland) Caravan Club. The town is the site of Queen Victoria Hospital, where famed plastic surgeon Archibald McIndoe treated burns victims of World War II and formed the Guinea Pig Club. A statue of Sir Archibald McIndoe caring for an injured airman was erected in June 2018 outside Sackville College and was unveiled by HRH The Princess Anne, the Princess Royal. Kidbrooke Park (today Michael Hall School), a home of the Hambro","title":"East Grinstead"},{"id":"13989938","text":"Steven Whyte Steven Whyte (born 17 March 1969) is a sculptor classically trained in the traditional methodology of figurative bronze and portrait sculpture living in Carmel, California who has produced many public memorials and installations in both England and throughout the United States with subjects ranging from miners, to soldiers and fire fighters. He is credited with over fifty life size and larger bronze public figures and major monuments including \"The Silverdale Mining Memorial\", \"The Lance Sergeant Jack Baskeyfield VC Tribute\", \"The Spirit of 1948\", and \"The Dr. John Roberts Monument\". Whyte multimillion-dollar, sixteen-figure monument in San Diego, California entitled","title":"Steven Whyte"},{"id":"15251939","text":"Ve Neill Ve Neill (born Mary Flores; 1951) is an American makeup artist. She has won three Academy Awards, for the films \"Beetlejuice\", \"Mrs. Doubtfire\" and \"Ed Wood\". She has been nominated for eight Oscars in total. Neill recounts that she aspired to be a make-up artist since the age of five and wanted to create monsters. As a child, she was known for painting the faces of her cousins with whatever was at hand, such as lipstick and shoe polish. Her interest in the makeup world was broadened by Leo Lotito, a make-up artist for TV shows who helped","title":"Ve Neill"},{"id":"20178120","text":"later recanted his statements, but he was still convicted of the crime and sentenced to 25 years to life with no chance of parole. In 2015 the case was reopened; it remains unsolved. Disappearance of Sara Anne Wood Sara Anne Wood (born March 4, 1981) is a missing child who was last seen on August 18, 1993. Wood was last seen when she was riding her bicycle at 2:30 pm on August 18, 1993, after leaving her church in Sauquoit, New York. During the evening that Wood disappeared, her bicycle, coloring book and crayons were discovered hidden in an area","title":"Disappearance of Sara Anne Wood"},{"id":"5177339","text":"gnome, carrying a bag of berries up the Gnomes' Stairway to the banquet within Bark Hall, and Grumples and Groodles the Elves, being awakened by Brownie, Dinkie, Rumplelocks and Hereandthere stealing eggs from the crows' nest. Innes also illustrated a 1930 children's book written by his wife Elsie and based on the \"Elfin Oak\". In it, Elsie wrote: The inside cover of Pink Floyd's 1969 album \"Ummagumma\" features a picture of David Gilmour in front of the \"Elfin Oak\". The comedian Spike Milligan was a lifelong fan of the tree, and in 1996 he led a successful campaign to have","title":"Elfin Oak"},{"id":"1389253","text":"dress, from dinner jackets to patriotic T-shirts. Many use the occasion for an exuberant display of Britishness. Union Flags are waved by the Prommers, especially during \"Rule, Britannia!\". Flags, balloons and party poppers are all welcomed – although John Drummond famously discouraged this 'extraneous noise' during his tenure as Director. Sir Henry Wood's bust is adorned with a laurel chaplet by representatives of the Promenaders, who often wipe an imaginary bead of sweat from his forehead or make some similar gentle visual joke. Since 2006, the cost of standing place tickets has remained at just £5.00. Many consider these to","title":"The Proms"},{"id":"6011185","text":"the Redwoods in Fort Bragg, California. Over the years, people from all over the world would come to the school. He retired from the College of the Redwoods in 2002 but continued to work in wood almost to the end of his life, from a shop at his home. His work is displayed in museums in Sweden, Norway, Japan, and the United States, as well as in the homes of some royal families. He became an Elected Fellow, American Craft Council in 2000, and was the first non-British recipient of the Annual Award of the Society of Designer-Craftsman's Centennial Medal","title":"James Krenov"},{"id":"11485869","text":"has failed to place among the top four teams only once, in 2012.Below is the list of eight nations that have finished in the top two in Thomas Cup. 2018: 2016: 2014: 2012: 2010: 2008: 2006: 2004: 2002: 2000: 1998: 1996: 1994: 1992: 2018: 2016: 2014: 2012: 2010: 2008: 2006: 2004: 2002: 2000: 1998: 1996: 1994: 1992: 1990: 1988: 1986: 1984: 1981: 1978: 1975: 1972: 1969: 2017 2015 2013 2011 2009 Even though they actually have a balance of strength in all events, they are known for producing many great doubles in the men's category. Their doubles had conquered the","title":"Indonesia national badminton team"},{"id":"6562128","text":"Survival, Orienteering or Camping. Sandy Beach's colors are blue and yellow, and their main mascot is Jim the Moose, though they have several other mascots including two bananas, a rock, and a \"crazy\" crocodile. The camp also houses the Reservation Baker, who works in the Bake Shoppe attached to the kitchen. Camp Sandy Beach seventeen campsites are named after famous Americans in history and include the following: Abe Lincoln, Audubon, Backwoods, Davy Crockett, Donald H. Cady, George Washington, Jim Bridger, Jim Bowie, James West, John Glenn, Kit Carson, Lewis & Clark, Neil Armstrong, Norman Rockwell, Richard Byrd, Silver Buffalo, and","title":"Yawgoog Scout Reservation"},{"id":"4357712","text":"and recognized her, and she also did; they were acquaintances from about 30 years earlier. Nancy asked Miss Morrison to walk on ahead as there was apparently a private matter to discuss with this man. She came back very angry, and made her friend swear not to say anything about the incident. This breaks the case wide open for Holmes. He knows that there cannot be many men of this description in the area, and soon identifies him as Henry Wood, and goes with Watson to visit him the next day in his room in the very same street where","title":"The Adventure of the Crooked Man"},{"id":"2466724","text":"Seed\" appear in episodes of \"\", \"\", and the 2013 film \"Star Trek Into Darkness\". On stardate 3141.9, the Federation starship USS \"Enterprise\" finds the derelict SS \"Botany Bay\" adrift in space. A landing party comprising Captain James T. Kirk (William Shatner), Doctor Leonard McCoy (DeForest Kelley), Chief Engineer Montgomery Scott (James Doohan), and historian Lieutenant Marla McGivers (Madlyn Rhue) beams over to the freighter. The landing party finds a cargo of 84 humans, 72 of whom are alive in suspended animation after nearly 200 years. McGivers identifies the group's leader who begins to revive and is taken back to","title":"Space Seed"},{"id":"110631","text":"featuring in many subsequent serials and two 1960s motion pictures. They have become as synonymous with \"Doctor Who\" as the Doctor himself, and their behaviour and catchphrases are now part of British popular culture. \"Hiding behind the sofa whenever the Daleks appear\" has been cited as an element of British cultural identity; and a 2008 survey indicated that nine out of ten British children were able to identify a Dalek correctly. In 1999 a Dalek photographed by Lord Snowdon appeared on a postage stamp celebrating British popular culture. In 2010, readers of science fiction magazine \"SFX\" voted the Dalek as","title":"Dalek"},{"id":"20178118","text":"Disappearance of Sara Anne Wood Sara Anne Wood (born March 4, 1981) is a missing child who was last seen on August 18, 1993. Wood was last seen when she was riding her bicycle at 2:30 pm on August 18, 1993, after leaving her church in Sauquoit, New York. During the evening that Wood disappeared, her bicycle, coloring book and crayons were discovered hidden in an area of brush off of Hacadam Road. Wood was last seen wearing a pink T-shirt with the words \"Guess Who\" embroidered on the front, with turquoise blue shorts, and with brown sandals. In 1994,","title":"Disappearance of Sara Anne Wood"},{"id":"15556160","text":"Smith, who portrays the Eleventh Doctor, called these aliens \"the scariest monsters in the Show's history\" and Karen Gillan, who portrays the Doctor's companion Amy Pond, commented that the Silence could \"rival the Weeping Angels in terms of scariness\". The Silence shown in \"The Impossible Astronaut\" are depicted as tall humanoids with bulbous heads and mouthless, bony faces, partly inspired by Edvard Munch's \"The Scream\". Their eyes are sunken within their sockets and the skin of their cheeks stretches to the point of their narrow chins. Their large, shrivelled hands resemble a human hand except where the ring and middle","title":"Silence (Doctor Who)"},{"id":"6983895","text":"girlfriend in Leytonstone, east London within the preceding 24 hours of the body being found. McLeish was identified as a suspect following a car belonging to him was found abandoned in Bethnal Green, east London. McLeish, who laughed as he was sentenced to two life sentences in 2002, is due to be released from prison in 2017, after being sentenced to a minimum tariff of 16 years minus time served. Other notable cases include the 1974 Babes in the Wood murders by serial killer and paedophile Ronald Jebson and the unsolved double killing of Terence Gooderham and Maxine Arnold, which","title":"Epping Forest Keepers"},{"id":"20904084","text":"of Lange. Madison Montgomery (Emma Roberts) and Behold Chablis (Billy Porter), posing as a married couple, purchase the Murder House in Los Angeles, which has been abandoned for several years. Arriving at the house, the two soon suspect the presence of paranormal activity after learning that thirty-six people have died inside the house. They perform a spell which allows them to see the ghosts who can otherwise hide themselves from the living. In the living room, the ghosts of Tate Langdon (Evan Peters) and Dr. Ben Harmon (Dylan McDermott) are talking about Tate's frustration at being ignored by Ben's daughter,","title":"Return to Murder House"},{"id":"236721","text":"Naish has suggested that Grant may have seen either an otter or a seal and exaggerated his sighting over time. The \"surgeon's photograph\" is reportedly the first photo of the creature's head and neck. Supposedly taken by Robert Kenneth Wilson, a London gynaecologist, it was published in the \"Daily Mail\" on 21 April 1934. Wilson's refusal to have his name associated with it led to it being known as the \"surgeon's photograph\". According to Wilson, he was looking at the loch when he saw the monster, grabbed his camera and snapped four photos. Only two exposures came out clearly; the","title":"Loch Ness Monster"},{"id":"6087400","text":"years later in 2003, Park Doo-man, now a businessman, learns from a little girl that the scene had recently been visited by another, unknown man, with a 'nondescript' face. The little girl had asked the man why he was looking at the ditch, and was told that he was reminiscing about something he had done there a long time ago. Park Doo-man, apparently having an epiphany, looks directly at the screen; he uses his same method by making eye contact with the audience to search for (or actually find) the eyes of the killer sitting among them. \"Memories of Murder\"","title":"Memories of Murder"},{"id":"5027437","text":"Walter because of his \"book talk\", and all the more when he fights Dan Reese after Dan insulted Walter, his mother and his friend Faith. At the close of the book he has a vision of 'The Piper' on the hill, piping away, making young men follow him from around the world. This vision is fulfilled in the following book as World War One breaks out. Anne \"Nan\" Blythe: One of the Ingleside twins, Nan is \"Blythe by name and blithe by nature\", being a dainty little maiden with velvety nut-brown eyes and silky nut-brown hair. Her complexion is almost","title":"Rainbow Valley"},{"id":"16642898","text":"models that were constructed by a team of German cabinetmakers for the 1939 Golden Gate International Exposition. In 1998, the Cline family saved the California Mission models from being auctioned off individually and built the museum for their display. The museum also features a life-sized figure of Father Junipero Serra, mission paintings by Robert Morris and Henry Nelson, and two stained-glass panels originally housed in San Francisco's Mission Dolores prior to the 1906 San Francisco earthquake. The museum is open to the public daily and admission is free of charge. Cline Cellars Cline Cellars Winery is a family owned and","title":"Cline Cellars"},{"id":"4013284","text":"the world is going to look like when God's will is done.\" Hollywood actors Joan Crawford, Natalie Wood and Jerry Lewis commissioned Keane to paint their portraits. In the 1990s, Tim Burton, a Keane art collector and director of the 2014 biographical film \"Big Eyes\" about the life of Margaret Keane, commissioned the artist to paint a portrait of his then-girlfriend Lisa Marie. Keane's art was bought and presented to the United Nations Children's Fund in 1961 by the Prescolite Manufacturing Corporation. Keane's big eyes paintings have influenced toy designs, Little Miss No Name and Susie Sad Eyes dolls, and","title":"Margaret Keane"},{"id":"3395793","text":"'fairy lights', describing 'a small coloured light used in illuminations' had already entered English: its usage for a string of electrically powered Christmas lights has been common in the UK ever since. The first known electrically illuminated Christmas tree was the creation of Edward H. Johnson, an associate of inventor Thomas Edison. While he was vice president of the Edison Electric Light Company, a predecessor of today's Con Edison electric utility, he had Christmas tree light bulbs especially made for him. He proudly displayed his Christmas tree, which was hand-wired with 80 red, white and blue electric incandescent light bulbs","title":"Christmas lights"},{"id":"2005745","text":"Sherman Tree is neither the tallest known living tree on Earth (that distinction belongs to the Hyperion tree, a Coast redwood), nor is it the widest (both the largest cypress and largest baobab have a greater diameter), nor is it the oldest known living tree on Earth (that distinction belongs to a Great Basin bristlecone pine). With a height of , a diameter of , an estimated bole volume of , and an estimated age of 2,3002,700 years, it is nevertheless among the tallest, widest, and longest-lived of all trees on the planet. General Sherman (tree) General Sherman is a","title":"General Sherman (tree)"},{"id":"1879386","text":"shared and unique nature of their stapes. The wood hoopoes most resemble the true hoopoe with their long down-curved bills and short rounded wings. According to genetic studies, the two genera, \"Phoeniculus\" and \"Rhinopomastus\", appear to have diverged about 10 million years ago, so some systematists treat them as separate subfamilies or even separate families. The wood hoopoes are a morphologically distinct group, unlikely to be mistaken for any other. These species are medium-sized ( long, much of which is the tail). They have metallic plumage, often blue, green or purple, and lack a crest. The sexes are similar in","title":"Wood hoopoe"},{"id":"964777","text":"regular-shaped dark area unbroken by bright patches\" that can be seen with the naked eye. Around 1600, William Gilbert made a map of the Moon that names Mare Imbrium \"Regio Magna Orientalis\" (the Large Eastern Region). Michael van Langren's 1645 map named it \"Mare Austriacum\" (the Austrian Sea). Mare Imbrium is visible to the naked eye from Earth. In the traditional 'Man in the Moon' image seen on the Moon in Western folklore, Mare Imbrium forms the man's right eye. On 17 November 1970 at 03:47 Universal Time, the Soviet spacecraft Luna 17 made a soft landing in the mare,","title":"Mare Imbrium"},{"id":"12614556","text":"million visitors a year. The shop has had many notable customers over the years. Visitors have included Teddy Roosevelt, J. Edgar Hoover, Jack Dempsey, Charlie Chaplin, Red Skelton, John Wayne, Katharine Hepburn, James Van Der Beek, and Sylvester Stallone. Cartoonist Robert Ripley of \"Ripley's Believe It or Not\" bought totem poles and other crafts for his New York estate. The store's logs show that Queen Marie of Romania visited and \"sat in the Chinese chair\" and that Louis Tiffany bought \"curios, idols and a mammoth tusk,\" Many museum collections include items purchased from the shop, mostly objects from the Arctic","title":"Ye Olde Curiosity Shop"},{"id":"18586558","text":"Spectre of Newby Church The Spectre of Newby Church (or the \"Newby Monk\") is the name given to an artifact found on a photograph taken in the Church of Christ the Consoler, on the grounds of Newby Hall in North Yorkshire, United Kingdom. The image was taken in 1963 by the Reverend Kenneth F. Lord. As the artifact appears to resemble a human, much speculation has been had regarding what type of person might be in the image. Most speculation by believers has concluded that it resembles a 16th-century monk, with a white shroud over his face, possibly to mask","title":"Spectre of Newby Church"},{"id":"15243755","text":"dollar coin that had previously been proposed. Leach felt that a dollar coin was not a suitable way to commemorate the individuals, as it was impossible to honor such a large group on a coin whose design was likely to remain unchanged for a long period of time. He also noted that all United States coinage until then had depicted individuals whose principal contributions had been in government and politics rather than the arts. Leach described the specifics of his proposal, stating: The subjects designated were painter Grant Wood, contralto singer Marian Anderson, authors Mark Twain and Willa Cather, musician","title":"American Arts Commemorative Series medallions"},{"id":"1175437","text":"College in Cambridge positions its apostrophe differently and has no article, as it was named for multiple Queens (Margaret of Anjou, the wife of King Henry VI, and Elizabeth Woodville, the wife of King Edward IV). In April 2012, as part of the celebrations of the Diamond Jubilee of Elizabeth II, a series of commemorative stamps was released featuring A-Z pictures of famous British landmarks. The Queen's College's front quad was used on the Q stamp, alongside other landmarks such as the Angel of the North on A and the Old Bailey on O. One of the most famous feasts","title":"The Queen's College, Oxford"},{"id":"6327355","text":"emigrants from the German-speaking countries Anglicized this name to Wood when they settled in countries like the United States, Canada, Australia, South Africa, et cetera. The name \"Wald\" still exists, too. Also, the name Wood has been modified in many cases by the addition of suffixs to create: Woodard, Woodburn, Woodby, Woodcock, Woodforde, Woodham, Woodly, Woodman, Woodruff, Woodstock, Woodvine, and Woodward. In England and Wales, and on the Isle of Man, Wood is the 26th most-common surname, in Scotland it is the 53rd most-common surname and in the United States the 78th. Wood (surname) Wood is a surname in the","title":"Wood (surname)"},{"id":"12205887","text":"that elephants have excellent memories. The variation \"Women and elephants never forget an injury\" originates from the 1904 book \"Reginald on Besetting Sins\" by British writer Hector Hugh Munro, better known as Saki. This adage seems to have a basis in fact, as reported in \"Scientific American\": \"Seeing the Elephant\" is a 19th-century Americanism denoting a world-weary experience; often used by soldiers, pioneers and adventurers to qualify new and exciting adventures such as the Civil War, the Oregon Trail and the California Gold Rush. A \"white elephant\" has become a term referring to an expensive burden, particularly when much has","title":"Cultural depictions of elephants"},{"id":"12420653","text":"Noltland, a site on the north coast of the island of Westray has been excavated since the 1980s. In 2009 a lozenge-shaped figurine was discovered, which may have been carved 2500-3000 BC and is believed to be the earliest representation of a human face ever found in Scotland. The face has two dots for eyes, heavy brows and an oblong nose and a pattern of hatches on the body could represent clothing. Archaeologist Richard Strachan described it as a find of \"astonishing rarity\". Skara Brae, Maeshowe, the Ring of Brodgar and the Stones of Stenness together form the Heart of","title":"Prehistoric Orkney"},{"id":"7624","text":"show almost exclusively the type of anthropogonic stories that derive man's origin from clay, earth or blood by means of a divine creation act\". Two wooden figures—the Braak Bog Figures—of \"more than human height\" were unearthed from a peat bog at Braak in Schleswig, Germany. The figures depict a nude male and a nude female. Hilda Ellis Davidson comments that these figures may represent a \"Lord and Lady\" of the Vanir, a group of Norse gods, and that \"another memory of [these wooden deities] may survive in the tradition of the creation of Ask and Embla, the man and woman","title":"Ask and Embla"},{"id":"9877299","text":"on the TV talent show \"New Faces\" in 1974. However, it was only when Wood saw her act in a show by BBC Scotland called \"Eighty-One Take Two\" that she was impressed enough to hire her friend for the show. Imrie played various roles throughout the run, like a co-presenter of McConomy (a spoof TV economy show), and most famously Miss Babs in \"Acorn Antiques\". Imrie said in 2007, \"Miss Babs is still what I'm best known for, even though I don't go around with bright yellow hair.\" During her run in \"As Seen On TV\" Imrie received a fan","title":"Victoria Wood as Seen on TV"},{"id":"5375530","text":"blueprints and multiple Daleks painted in British Army Khaki, Winston Churchill uses them as war weapons, although they are mostly seen to be carrying around files and asking staff, \"Would you care for some tea?\" The Eleventh Doctor is surprised as these khaki Daleks appear to have forgotten their own purpose. This is all part of their plan, however: he proclaims, \"I am the Doctor, and you are the Daleks!\" which the Daleks back on the ship use as a testimony to activate the progenitor. The five New Paradigm Daleks that appear then exterminate their predecessors with no resistance, as","title":"History of the Daleks"},{"id":"9668041","text":"16 (December 2006 - January 2007), written by Geoff Johns, and most recently in \"\" #9 (November 2009). The Faceless Hunters first come to public attention in 1961 after one of them, Klee Pan, is intercepted trying to steal major world sculptures such as the Mount Rushmore heads and the Easter Island statues. Oregon Highway Patrolmen Bob Colby and Jim Boone are assigned to Mount Rushmore, and confront Klee Pan, who explains that he \" 'comes from Klaramar - a world revolving within an atom on the planet Saturn' \" and he is looking for a stone face left on","title":"Faceless Hunters"},{"id":"2372314","text":"Marie Lloyd Matilda Alice Victoria Wood (12 February 1870 – 7 October 1922), professionally known as Marie Lloyd ; was an English music hall singer, comedian and musical theatre actress. She was best known for her performances of songs such as \"The Boy I Love Is Up in the Gallery\", \"My Old Man (Said Follow the Van)\" and \"Oh Mr Porter What Shall I Do\". She received both criticism and praise for her use of innuendo and double entendre during her performances, but enjoyed a long and prosperous career, during which she was affectionately called the \"Queen of the Music","title":"Marie Lloyd"},{"id":"10122337","text":"painting by Grant Wood from 1930. Portraying a pitchfork-holding farmer and a younger woman in front of a house of Carpenter Gothic style, it is one of the most familiar images in 20th-century American art. Art critics assumed it was satirical in intent; it was thought to be part of the trend towards increasingly critical depictions of rural America exemplified by Sherwood Anderson's \"1919 Winesburg, Ohio\", Sinclair Lewis' 1920 \"Main Street\", and Carl Van Vechten's \"The Tattooed Countess\" in literature. However, with the onset of the Great Depression, the painting came to be seen as a depiction of steadfast American","title":"Western painting"},{"id":"5576484","text":"out into the woods and confront the Bigfoot evidence for themselves,\" Sheaffer accompanied Beckjord on a 5-day Bigfoot expedition in 1999. He was disappointed at Beckjord's continued lack of evidence and attributed Beckjord's interpretations of rock formations, leaves and shadows as Bigfoot faces or skulls to \"the workings of an overzealous imagination.\" CNN correspondent Rusty Dornin wrote in 1997 \"Faces on Mars, the Loch Ness monster, or an alien with a name tag (Andy)--if it's far-fetched and unproved, Beckjord buys it. And it's all on display at his storefront 'museum'.\" Beckjord maintained that \"With the card-carrying skeptics, we will never","title":"Jon-Erik Beckjord"},{"id":"2718556","text":"The patient explains that he has already seen a doctor: SMITH: He told me I had snew in my blood.<br> DALE: What did he told you?<br> SMITH: He told me I had snew in my blood.<br> DALE: Snew? What's snew?<br> SMITH: Nothing. What's new with you? SMITH \"(reacting to Dale spitting on his stethoscope:)\" Doctor, what is that you're doing?<br> DALE: Sterilization. DALE: Now inhale, please.<br> SMITH: What?<br> DALE: Inhale.<br> SMITH: What?<br> DALE: \"Inhale!\" I would like to see you.<br> SMITH: (Inhale) In Hell I would like to see \"you!\"<br> DALE: The whole trouble with you is, you need eyeglasses.<br>","title":"Smith and Dale"},{"id":"2379052","text":"have been written about this perplexing visitant constitute 'ufology'.\" This article was printed eight years after Edward J. Ruppelt of the United States Air Force (USAF) coined the word \"UFO\" in 1951. The modern UFO mythology has three traceable roots: the late 19th century \"mystery airships\" reported in the newspapers of the western United States, \"foo fighters\" reported by Allied airmen during World War II, and the Kenneth Arnold \"flying saucer\" sighting near Mt. Rainier, Washington on June 24, 1947. UFO reports between \"The Great Airship Wave\" and the Arnold sighting were limited in number compared to the post-war period:","title":"Ufology"},{"id":"12508853","text":"Newman's Own, founded in 1982. In 2014, her license with Newman's Own was not renewed and Nell moved on to pursue her ongoing commitment to conservation, organic farming and philanthropy. She and her father were featured together in many of its marketing campaigns, often posed to resemble \"American Gothic\", an iconic painting by Grant Wood. She has been married to Gary Irving since 2005. They reside in California. In 2014, Newman received the prestigious Rachel Carson Award from The National Audubon Society for her environmental leadership. In 2017, Newman was inducted into the Specialty Food Hall of Fame, which “honor(s)","title":"Nell Newman"},{"id":"15251943","text":"notable films she has worked on are \"Austin Powers in Goldmember\", \"The Hunger Games\", \"\", \"A.I. Artificial Intelligence\", \"Hook\", and \"Edward Scissorhands\". Ve Neill Ve Neill (born Mary Flores; 1951) is an American makeup artist. She has won three Academy Awards, for the films \"Beetlejuice\", \"Mrs. Doubtfire\" and \"Ed Wood\". She has been nominated for eight Oscars in total. Neill recounts that she aspired to be a make-up artist since the age of five and wanted to create monsters. As a child, she was known for painting the faces of her cousins with whatever was at hand, such as lipstick","title":"Ve Neill"},{"id":"20634594","text":"body parts, natural land forms, abstract things—essentially objects that do not move, do not possess spirit and generally unable to move. Numerous exceptions to this general rule exist. The body parts -ohpee (-apee), 'hip,' -úhkus (-uhkas), 'finger nail' and woskequah (wushkeeqâh) , 'whale bone'; the English loan words conner (corner) and Testament (Testament) and the kitchen object kunnommaog (kunumuwôk) , 'ladle' or 'spoon' are all animate. The sun and moon, despite being planetary bodies, are inanimate. Although standing trees are animate, names of trees and species are always inanimate, thus the plural form of kꝏwa (k8wa) , 'pine tree,' is","title":"Massachusett grammar"},{"id":"15024470","text":"Mount Cadbury Mount Cadbury () is the easternmost of the Batterbee Mountains, high, standing east-southeast of Mount Ness and inland from George VI Sound on the west coast of Palmer Land. The coast in this vicinity was first seen and photographed from the air on November 23, 1935 by Lincoln Ellsworth, but this mountain seems to have been obscured from Ellsworth's line of sight by clouds or intervening summits. Mount Cadbury was surveyed in 1936 by the British Graham Land Expedition (BGLE) under John Rymill, and named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee in 1954 for Mrs. Henry Tyler Cadbury,","title":"Mount Cadbury"},{"id":"12750248","text":"leave it to Woody to choose Dr. Horace N. Buggy, a Scottish-brogue-burring fox, who is, if it's impossible, even madder than he is. The story ends with Woody hurled into a movie theater audience, watching the doctor crack up on screen, and annoying the people beside him (\"\"That doctor sure is a card, isn't he? But I don't think he's near as funny as the woodpecker! Do you think so, mister? Huh? DO you, mister? HUH? I like cartoons! Don't YOU like cartoons??\"\"). Woody Woodpecker (1941 film) Woody Woodpecker is the first animated cartoon short subject in the \"Woody Woodpecker\"","title":"Woody Woodpecker (1941 film)"},{"id":"14518399","text":"Theresa Berkley (d.1836), the writer William Gerhardi (1895–1977), the conductor and founder of The Proms Sir Henry Joseph Wood (1869–1944), American journalist and broadcaster Edward R Murrow (1908–1965), World War Two hero Wing Commander Forest Frederick Edward Yeo-Thomas (1901–1964), the radio and television writer Ernest Dudley (1908–2006), and the Austrian writer Stefan Zweig (1881–1942). Number 50 Charlotte Street (later renamed 93 Hallam Street) was both the home and official residence from 1875 to 1910 of Jesse Claxton who was the Registrar of Births and Deaths for St Marylebone for 35 years. Numbers 44 and 50 Hallam Street, originally the offices","title":"Hallam Street"},{"id":"2403715","text":"they were at the middle of the 19th Century, including depictions of Blackfeet (\"see also: Blackfoot Confederacy\"), Hidatsa, and Dakota cultures. Of particular interest is a Folsom point discovered in 1926 New Mexico, providing valuable evidence of early American colonization of the Americas. This hall details the lives and technology of traditional Native American peoples in the woodland environments of eastern North America. Particular cultures exhibited include Cree, Mohegan, Ojibwe, and Iroquois. The Bernard and Anne Spitzer Hall of Human Origins, formerly The Hall of Human Biology and Evolution, opened on February 10, 2007. Originally known under the name \"Hall","title":"American Museum of Natural History"},{"id":"14244293","text":"eighteen by twenty-four inches, one of which I now have, and it is now within view. I think the likeness of Mr. Lincoln by far the best of the many I have seen elsewhere, and those of General Grant, Admiral Porter, and myself equally good and faithful. I think Admiral Porter gave Healy a written description of our relative positions in that interview, also the dimensions, shape, and furniture of the cabin of the \"Ocean Queen\"; but the rainbow is Healy's—typical, of course, of the coming peace. In this picture I seem to be talking, the others attentively listening. Whether","title":"The Peacemakers"},{"id":"2357565","text":"Seth MacFarlane Seth Woodbury MacFarlane (; born October 26, 1973) is an American actor, animator, filmmaker, and singer, working primarily in animation and comedy, as well as live-action and other genres. MacFarlane is the creator of the TV series \"Family Guy\" (1999–2003, 2005–present) and \"The Orville\" (2017–present), and co-creator of the TV series \"American Dad!\" (2005–present) and \"The Cleveland Show\" (2009–2013). He also wrote, directed, and starred in the films \"Ted\" (2012), its sequel \"Ted 2\" (2015), and \"A Million Ways to Die in the West\" (2014). MacFarlane is a graduate of the Rhode Island School of Design, where he","title":"Seth MacFarlane"},{"id":"2032162","text":"the western spiral arm of the galaxy. It is home to a number of planets, including Earth and Rupert. Earth is \"an utterly insignificant little blue-green planet far out in the uncharted backwaters of the unfashionable end of the western spiral arm of the galaxy\". The sapient life-forms on Earth are, in descending order of intelligence, mice, dolphins and humans, the lattermost of whom may or may not be descended from a race of Golgafrinchan telephone-sanitisers, hairdressers, management consultants, and documentary film producers.\" These Golgafrinchans arrived in a space ark which crashed into the planet circa 2 mya, promptly christening","title":"Places in The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy"},{"id":"2948083","text":"Peter and Rosemary Grant Peter Raymond Grant, , , and Barbara Rosemary Grant, , , are a British couple who are evolutionary biologists at Princeton University. Each currently holds the position of emeritus professor. They are known for their work with Darwin's finches on Daphne Major, one of the Galápagos Islands. Since 1973, the Grants have spent six months of every year capturing, tagging, and taking blood samples from finches on the island. They have worked to show that natural selection can be seen within a single lifetime, or even within a couple of years. Charles Darwin originally thought that","title":"Peter and Rosemary Grant"},{"id":"2764372","text":"receive it; they are not on \"the same level\" as would be two humans shaking hands, for instance. Many hypotheses have been formulated regarding the identity and meaning of the twelve figures around God. According to an interpretation that was first proposed by the English art critic Walter Pater (1839 – 1894) and is now widely accepted, the person protected by God's left arm represents Eve, due to the figure's feminine appearance and gaze towards Adam, and the eleven other figures symbolically represent the souls of Adam and Eve's unborn progeny, the entire human race. This interpretation has been challenged,","title":"The Creation of Adam"},{"id":"1382896","text":"Sather Tower Sather Tower (frequently called The Campanile) is a bell tower, with clocks on its four faces, on the University of California, Berkeley campus, more commonly known as The Campanile ( ) for its resemblance to the Campanile di San Marco in Venice. It is the university's most recognizable symbol. Given by Jane K. Sather in memory of her husband, banker Peder Sather, it is the third-tallest bell-and-clock-tower in the world. Its current 61-bell carillon, built around a nucleus of 12 bells also given by Jane Sather, can be heard for many miles and supports an extensive program of","title":"Sather Tower"},{"id":"16274335","text":"clear that the forensic samples taken as \"tapings\" in 1986 had been so carefully handled by the police and so well preserved by scientists that Altman could present them as a \"time capsule\" that proved Bishop's guilt. On December 10, 2018, after a nine-week trial at the Central Criminal Court — better known as the Old Bailey — with a jury of seven men and five women, they returned a guilty verdict after two-and-a-half hours of deliberation. Babes in the Wood murders (Wild Park) The Babes in the Wood Murders were the murders of two 9-year-old girls, Nicola Fellows and","title":"Babes in the Wood murders (Wild Park)"},{"id":"18535037","text":"Wilson Wood (actor) Wilson Wood (born Charles Woodrow Tolkien, February 11, 1915 – October 23, 2004) was an American character actor during the middle of the twentieth century. Born in Huron, North Dakota on February 11, 1915, he made his film debut with a small role in 1946's \"Two Sisters from Boston\", directed by Henry Koster. During his 17-year career he would appear in over 100 films, usually in smaller roles. In 1952 he would star in a serial for Republic Pictures. The 12 part series was titled, \"Zombies of the Stratosphere\", which would be edited down and released in","title":"Wilson Wood (actor)"},{"id":"5071736","text":"Truman, Woodrow Wilson, Dwight D. Eisenhower, Andrew Jackson, and John F. Kennedy. More recent Presidents such as Ronald Reagan and Bill Clinton are often rated among the greatest in public opinion polls, but do not always rank as highly among presidential scholars and historians. The bottom 10 often include James Buchanan, Warren G. Harding, Andrew Johnson, Franklin Pierce, Millard Fillmore, William Henry Harrison, John Tyler, Ulysses S. Grant, Zachary Taylor, and George W. Bush. Because William Henry Harrison (30 days) and James A. Garfield (200 days, incapacitated after 119 days) both died shortly after taking office, they are usually omitted","title":"Historical rankings of presidents of the United States"},{"id":"8119992","text":"Digging to China Digging to China is a 1997 American drama film that marked the directorial debut of actor Timothy Hutton and the screen debut of Evan Rachel Wood. The screenplay by Karen Janszen focuses on the friendship forged between a precocious pre-teenaged girl with a vivid imagination and a mentally challenged adult male. Set in the mid-1960s, the story centers on ten-year-old Harriet Frankovitz, a lonely outcast who lives with her mother and older sister Gwen in a dilapidated North Carolina motel with cabins shaped like teepees her mother received as part of her divorce settlement. Harriet has a","title":"Digging to China"},{"id":"20010930","text":"Davies' run from 2005–2010, and Moffat's from 2010–2017. The eleventh series was broadcast on Sundays, a first in the programme's history, after regular episodes of the revived era have previously been broadcast on Saturdays. The series introduces Jodie Whittaker as the Thirteenth Doctor, a new incarnation of the Doctor, an alien Time Lord who travels through time and space in her TARDIS, which appears to be a British police box on the outside. The series also introduces Bradley Walsh, Tosin Cole, and Mandip Gill as the Doctor's newest travelling companions, Graham O'Brien, Ryan Sinclair and Yasmin Khan, respectively. The series","title":"Doctor Who (series 11)"},{"id":"1382908","text":"The carillon program remains fully funded by the generous endowment of Jerry and Evelyn Chambers. Sather Tower Sather Tower (frequently called The Campanile) is a bell tower, with clocks on its four faces, on the University of California, Berkeley campus, more commonly known as The Campanile ( ) for its resemblance to the Campanile di San Marco in Venice. It is the university's most recognizable symbol. Given by Jane K. Sather in memory of her husband, banker Peder Sather, it is the third-tallest bell-and-clock-tower in the world. Its current 61-bell carillon, built around a nucleus of 12 bells also given","title":"Sather Tower"},{"id":"15296103","text":"Death and the Sculptor Death and the Sculptor, also known as the Milmore Monument and The Angel of Death and the Young Sculptor is a sculpture in bronze, and one of the most important and influential works of art created by sculptor Daniel Chester French. The work was commissioned to mark the grave in Forest Hills Cemetery in Jamaica Plain, Boston, Massachusetts, of the brothers Joseph (1841-1886), James and Martin Milmore (1844-1883). It has two figures effectively in the round, linked to a background relief behind them. The right-hand figure represents a sculptor, whose hand holding a chisel is gently","title":"Death and the Sculptor"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"id\": \"4129495\",\n \"text\": \"American Gothic American Gothic is a 1930 painting by Grant Wood in the collection of the Art Institute of Chicago. Wood was inspired to paint what is now known as the \\\"American Gothic\\\" House in Eldon, Iowa, along with \\\"the kind of people I fancied should live in that house.\\\" It depicts a farmer standing beside a woman who has been interpreted to be his sister. The figures were modeled by Wood's sister Nan Wood Graham and their dentist Dr. Byron McKeeby. The woman is dressed in a colonial print apron evoking 19th-century Americana, and the man is holding a\",\n \"title\": \"American Gothic\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1822270\",\n \"text\": \"she looks older than Wood's sister preferred to think of herself. The dentist, Dr. Byron McKeeby (1867–1950), was from Cedar Rapids. The woman is dressed in a dark print apron mimicking 19th century Americana with a cameo brooch. The couple are in the traditional roles of men and women, the man's pitchfork symbolizing hard labor. The compositional severity and detailed technique derive from Northern Renaissance paintings, which Grant had looked at during three visits to Europe; after this he became increasingly aware of the Midwest's own legacy, which also informs the work. It is a key image of Regionalism. Wood\",\n \"title\": \"Grant Wood\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4129499\",\n \"text\": \"Byron McKeeby (1867–1950) from Cedar Rapids, Iowa. Nan, perhaps embarrassed about being depicted as the wife of a man twice her age, told people that her brother had envisioned the couple as father and daughter, rather than husband and wife, which Wood himself confirmed (\\\"The prim lady with him is his grown-up daughter\\\") in his letter to a Mrs. Nellie Sudduth in 1941. Elements of the painting stress the vertical that is associated with Gothic architecture. The three-pronged pitchfork is echoed in the stitching of the man's overalls, the Gothic window of the house, and the structure of the man's\",\n \"title\": \"American Gothic\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17792435\",\n \"text\": \"1907: 1908: 1909: 1910: 1911: 1912: 1913: 1914: 1915: 1917: 1918: 1920: 1921: 1922: 1923: 1925: 1926: 1927: 1928: 1929: 1930: 1931: 1932: 1933: 1934: 1935: 1936: 1937: 1938: 1940: 1941: 1942: 1943: 1945: 1946: 1947: 1949: 1950: 1951: 1955: 1957: 1959: 1962: 1963: 1964: 1965: 1966: 1969: 1970: 1971: 1972: 1975: 1976: 1977: 1978: 1979: 1980: 1982: 1983: 1984: 1987: 1988: 1994: 1996: 2001: 2005–2006: 2006: 2011: 2013: 2016: Timeline of women's education This is a timeline of women's education. 1237 1239 1608 1636 1639 1644 1674 1678 1685 1727 1732 1742 1751 1783 1786 1787 1788 1803 1818\",\n \"title\": \"Timeline of women's education\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1822269\",\n \"text\": \"inspiration came from Eldon, southern Iowa, where a cottage designed in the Gothic Revival style with an upper window in the shape of a medieval pointed arch provided the background and also the painting's title. Wood decided to paint the house along with \\\"the kind of people I fancied should live in that house.\\\" The painting shows a farmer standing beside his spinster daughter, figures modeled by the artist's sister, Nan (1900–1990), and his dentist. Wood's sister insisted that the painting depicts the farmer's daughter and not wife, disliking suggestions it was the farmer's wife, since that would mean that\",\n \"title\": \"Grant Wood\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16274296\",\n \"text\": \"of six and ten when they died. Currently, neither of the victims nor any potential suspects have been identified. This case remains unsolved. Babes in the Wood murders (Stanley Park) The Babes in the Wood murders is a name which has been used in the media to refer to a child murder case in which the bodies of multiple victims were found concealed in woodland. The remains of two unidentified victims (murdered in 1947) were discovered in Stanley Park, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada on Wednesday, January 14, 1953. The investigation was hampered when the medical examiner concluded that the victims\",\n \"title\": \"Babes in the Wood murders (Stanley Park)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13382943\",\n \"text\": \"1490s in poetry Nationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature (for instance, Irish or France). 1491: 1492: 1493: 1494: 1495: 1496: 1497: 1498: 1499: Death years link to the corresponding \\\"[year] in poetry\\\" article. There are conflicting or unreliable sources for the birth years of many people born in this period; where sources conflict, the poet is listed again and the conflict is noted: 1490: 1491: 1492: 1493: 1494: 1495: 1496: 1497: 1498: 1499: Birth years link to the corresponding \\\"[year] in poetry\\\" article: 1490: 1491: 1492: 1493: 1494: 1495: 1496: 1497: 1498: 1499:\",\n \"title\": \"1490s in poetry\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14402726\",\n \"text\": \"Vincent and the Doctor \\\"Vincent and the Doctor\\\" is the tenth episode of the fifth series of British science fiction television series \\\"Doctor Who\\\", first broadcast on BBC One on 5 June 2010. It was written by Richard Curtis and directed by Jonny Campbell and featured an uncredited guest appearance from actor Bill Nighy. Intrigued by an ominous figure in Vincent van Gogh's painting \\\"The Church at Auvers\\\", alien time traveller the Doctor (Matt Smith) and his companion Amy Pond (Karen Gillan) go back in time to meet Van Gogh (Tony Curran) and discover that Auvers-sur-Oise has been plagued by\",\n \"title\": \"Vincent and the Doctor\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19029797\",\n \"text\": \"that he once \\\"snogged a Zygon\\\". The Tenth Doctor kissed a Zygon impersonating Queen Elizabeth in \\\"The Day of the Doctor\\\". The Doctor resumes the position of \\\"President of the World\\\" and the use of the plane afforded by that position, both mentioned in \\\"Death in Heaven\\\". However, when he introduces himself as President of the World, he is told, \\\"yes, we know who you are.\\\" This is continuation of a running joke from earlier in the series; the Prime Minister Harriet Jones is regularly told this after introducing herself, multiple times in both \\\"The Christmas Invasion\\\" (2005), and in\",\n \"title\": \"The Zygon Invasion\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2455091\",\n \"text\": \"a monocle to show his distinction as a count. The \\\"New Yorker\\\" mascot Eustace Tilley, an early 19th-century dandy, is depicted using a monocle like a quizzing glass. A monocle is also a distinctive part of the costume of at least three Gilbert & Sullivan characters: Major-General Stanley in \\\"The Pirates of Penzance\\\", Sir Joseph Porter in \\\"H.M.S. Pinafore\\\", and Reginald Bunthorne in \\\"Patience\\\", and composer Sullivan used one himself. In some variant productions, numerous other characters sport the distinctive eyewear, and some noted performers of the \\\"G&S\\\" repertoire also have worn a monocle. The Doctor as played by William\",\n \"title\": \"Monocle\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4129498\",\n \"text\": \"After obtaining permission from the Jones family, the house's owners, Wood made a sketch the next day in oil on paperboard from the house's front yard. This sketch displayed a steeper roof and a longer window with a more pronounced ogive than on the actual house, features which eventually adorned the final work. Wood decided to paint the house along with \\\"the kind of people I fancied should live in that house.\\\" He recruited his sister Nan (1899–1990) to model the woman, dressing her in a colonial print apron mimicking 19th-century Americana. The man is modeled on Wood's dentist, Dr.\",\n \"title\": \"American Gothic\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13382944\",\n \"text\": \"Other events: 16th century: 1490s in poetry Nationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature (for instance, Irish or France). 1491: 1492: 1493: 1494: 1495: 1496: 1497: 1498: 1499: Death years link to the corresponding \\\"[year] in poetry\\\" article. There are conflicting or unreliable sources for the birth years of many people born in this period; where sources conflict, the poet is listed again and the conflict is noted: 1490: 1491: 1492: 1493: 1494: 1495: 1496: 1497: 1498: 1499: Birth years link to the corresponding \\\"[year] in poetry\\\" article: 1490: 1491: 1492: 1493: 1494: 1495:\",\n \"title\": \"1490s in poetry\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16274295\",\n \"text\": \"Babes in the Wood murders (Stanley Park) The Babes in the Wood murders is a name which has been used in the media to refer to a child murder case in which the bodies of multiple victims were found concealed in woodland. The remains of two unidentified victims (murdered in 1947) were discovered in Stanley Park, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada on Wednesday, January 14, 1953. The investigation was hampered when the medical examiner concluded that the victims were one male and one female. A DNA test conducted in 1998 proved that both victims were male. They were between the ages\",\n \"title\": \"Babes in the Wood murders (Stanley Park)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16038117\",\n \"text\": \"transformed in the light of a full moon.\\\" The natives of The Wood are consistently able to recognize Prue and Curtis as Outsiders, who ought not to be able to enter through the Periphery Bind surrounding The Wood, while only the people of the pastoral and meditative North Wood can see with an unexplained sense that Prue and Curtis have a dual nature, born outside The Wood yet unhindered by the magical barrier that keeps the Outsiders out. Prue McKeel, age 13, is a precocious seventh grader with a talent for nature drawing, an encyclopedic knowledge of birds from a\",\n \"title\": \"Wildwood (novel)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12992058\",\n \"text\": \"When Stratton retired, he lived in the most esteemed neighborhood of New York, he owned a yacht, and dressed in the nicest clothing he could buy. In 1860, The American Museum had listed and archived thirteen human curiosities in the museum, including an albino family, The Living Aztecs, three dwarfs, a black mother with two albino children, The Swiss Bearded Lady, The Highland Fat Boys, and What Is It? (Henry Johnson, a mentally disabled black man). Barnum introduced the \\\"man-monkey\\\" William Henry Johnson, a microcephalic black dwarf who spoke a mysterious language created by Barnum. In 1862, he discovered the\",\n \"title\": \"Freak show\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17792434\",\n \"text\": \"Timeline of women's education This is a timeline of women's education. 1237 1239 1608 1636 1639 1644 1674 1678 1685 1727 1732 1742 1751 1783 1786 1787 1788 1803 1818 1822 1823 1826 1827 1829 1831 1834 1834 1837 1839 1841 1842 1843 1844 1847 1849 1850 1851 1852 1853 1854 1855 1857 1858 1859 1860 1861 1862 1863 1864 1865 1866 1866 1867 1868 1869 1870: 1871 1872: 1873: 1874: 1875: 1876: 1877: 1878: 1878: 1879: 1880: 1881: 1882: 1883: 1885: 1886: 1887: 1889: 1890: 1891: 1892: 1893: 1894: 1895: 1896: 1898: 1900: 1901: 1902: 1903: 1904: 1905: 1906:\",\n \"title\": \"Timeline of women's education\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12614562\",\n \"text\": \"walrus oosik. Also on display are two mummified human bodies, \\\"Sylvester\\\" and \\\"Sylvia\\\". \\\"Sylvester\\\" (acquired in 1955) functions as an informal symbol of the shop. For years, the general belief has been that he was the victim of a late 19th-century shooting in the Arizona desert, and that the extreme dryness of the desert naturally mummified the body. However, CT scans in 2001, 2005 and an MRI in 2005 suggest an embalmer injected an arsenic-based fluid shortly after death. The body is one of the best-preserved mummies known. Newly published information and a photograph from 1892 indicate that \\\"Sylvester,\\\" originally\",\n \"title\": \"Ye Olde Curiosity Shop\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1822263\",\n \"text\": \"of a relationship with his personal secretary. Critic Janet Maslin states that his friends knew him to be \\\"homosexual and a bit facetious in his masquerade as an overall-clad farm boy.\\\" University administration dismissed the allegations and Wood would have returned as professor if not for his growing health problems. The day before his 51st birthday, Wood died at the university hospital of pancreatic cancer. He is buried at Riverside Cemetery, Anamosa, Iowa. When Wood died, his estate went to his sister, Nan Wood Graham, the woman portrayed in \\\"American Gothic\\\". When she died in 1990, her estate, along with\",\n \"title\": \"Grant Wood\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"951661\",\n \"text\": \"become explicitly part of the story. In the accompanying illustrations by Linley Sambourne, Huxley and Owen are caricatured, studying a captured water baby. In 1892 Thomas Henry Huxley's five-year-old grandson Julian saw this engraving and wrote his grandfather a letter asking: \\\"Dear Grandpater – Have you seen a Waterbaby? Did you put it in a bottle? Did it wonder if it could get out? Could I see it some day? – Your loving Julian.\\\" Huxley wrote back a letter (later evoked by the \\\"New York Sun\\\"s \\\"Yes, Virginia, there is a Santa Claus\\\" in 1897): \\\"My dear Julian – I\",\n \"title\": \"The Water-Babies, A Fairy Tale for a Land Baby\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16569385\",\n \"text\": \"The Way Through the Woods (novel) The Way Through the Woods is a book in the \\\"Doctor Who\\\" \\\"New Series Adventures\\\" series, featuring the Eleventh Doctor, Amy Pond and Rory Williams. For thousands of years, the inhabitants of Foxton have avoided Swallow Woods, but approximately every fifty years a number of people go into the woods and never come out. The Doctor realises this is the result of a spatial distortion caused by a crashed spaceship and discovers that a week after the last disappearances the entire area will be destroyed and replaced with a lake. He has Rory befriend\",\n \"title\": \"The Way Through the Woods (novel)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4129504\",\n \"text\": \"Coast art circles. Wood was quoted in this period as stating, \\\"All the good ideas I've ever had came to me while I was milking a cow.\\\" The Depression-era understanding of the painting as a depiction of an authentically American scene prompted the first well-known parody, a 1942 photo by Gordon Parks of cleaning woman Ella Watson, shot in Washington, D.C. \\\"American Gothic\\\" is a frequently parodied image. It has been lampooned in Broadway shows such as \\\"The Music Man\\\", movies such as \\\"The Rocky Horror Picture Show\\\", television shows such as \\\"Green Acres\\\" and the \\\"Dick Van Dyke Show\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"American Gothic\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12668159\",\n \"text\": \"Panda Bear, Panda Bear, What Do You See? Panda Bear, Panda Bear, What Do You See? is a children's picture book by Bill Martin, Jr. and illustrated by Eric Carle. It is the third companion book to \\\"Brown Bear, Brown Bear, What Do You See?\\\". Various endangered animals answer the question \\\"What do you see?\\\" and the answers are what animal they see. The text is in rhyme. The list of animals includes a panda bear, a bald eagle, a water buffalo, a spider monkey, a green sea turtle, a macaroni penguin, a sea lion, a red wolf, a whooping\",\n \"title\": \"Panda Bear, Panda Bear, What Do You See?\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10079304\",\n \"text\": \"that this sculpture was once attached to a body. The grand woman in this photo has her head upturned to the sky, possibly delivering a message to God. She is clothed in forest leaves, and at her sides are figures of moose and buffalo. Between the feet of the woman stands a bearded figure, a pioneer with an axe. His arms are outstretched as if in worship of Canada rising before and above him. Maltwood saw Canada as unspoiled and bountiful, in contrast to the materially driven and spiritually decayed Britain. Maltwood felt a deep connection to the nature of\",\n \"title\": \"Katharine Emma Maltwood\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8731813\",\n \"text\": \"Roach in poetry. Winner: Nominees: Winner: 2 Finalists: Nominees: Winner: Finalists: Nominees: Winner: Finalists: Nominees: Winner: Nominees: Winner: 2 Finalists: Nominees\\\":\\\" Winner: 2 Finalists: Nominees: Winner: 2 Finalists: Nominees: Winner: Nominees Winner: 2 Finalists: Nominees\\\":\\\" Winner: 2 Finalists: Nominees: Winner: 2 Finalists: Nominees: Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Nominees Winner Nominees Winner Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winners Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Nominees Winner\",\n \"title\": \"Hurston-Wright Legacy Award\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8288922\",\n \"text\": \"Hygrophorus Hygrophorus is a genus of agarics (gilled mushrooms) in the family Hygrophoraceae. Called \\\"woodwaxes\\\" in the UK or \\\"waxy caps\\\" (together with \\\"Hygrocybe\\\" species) in North America, basidiocarps (fruit bodies) are typically fleshy, often with slimy caps and lamellae that are broadly attached to decurrent. All species are ground-dwelling and ectomycorrhizal (forming an association with living trees) and are typically found in woodland. Around 100 species are recognized worldwide. Fruit bodies of several species are considered edible and are sometimes offered for sale in local markets. \\\"Hygrophorus\\\" was first published in 1836 by Swedish mycologist Elias Magnus Fries. The\",\n \"title\": \"Hygrophorus\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4129496\",\n \"text\": \"pitchfork. The plants on the porch of the house are mother-in-law's tongue and beefsteak begonia, which are the same as the plants in Wood's 1929 portrait of his mother \\\"Woman with Plants\\\". \\\"American Gothic\\\" is one of the most familiar images in 20th-century American art and has been widely parodied in American popular culture. In 2016–17, the painting was displayed in Paris at the Musée de l'Orangerie and in London at the Royal Academy of Arts in its first showings outside the United States. In August 1930, Grant Wood, an American painter with European training, was driven around Eldon, Iowa,\",\n \"title\": \"American Gothic\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2673081\",\n \"text\": \"Trumbull's 1805 painting of Hamilton that belongs to the portrait collection of New York City Hall. The $10 bill is unique in that it is the only denomination in circulation in which the portrait faces to the left. It also features one of two non-presidents on currently issued U.S. bills, the other being Benjamin Franklin on the $100 bill. Hamilton is also the only person not born in the continental United States or British America (he was from the West Indies) currently depicted on U.S. paper currency; three others have been depicted in the past: Albert Gallatin, Switzerland ($500 1862/63\",\n \"title\": \"United States ten-dollar bill\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11298480\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Evan\\\" could also be interpreted as \\\"Heir of the Earth\\\" or \\\"The King\\\". The name is also occasionally given to females, as with actress Evan Rachel Wood. It may be encountered as a surname, but Evans is usual. The popularity of the name Evan for males in the United States rose steadily over the last several decades, going from the 440th-ranked male name in 1957 to peaking at the 35th-ranked male name in 2009. It has since declined somewhat, and dropped out of the top 50 male names in the US in 2013. \\\"See also: Evan Evan is a Welsh\",\n \"title\": \"Evan\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14900799\",\n \"text\": \"and no banding of any type is seen in a black-and-white photograph of a rainbow (only a smooth gradation of intensity to a maxima, then fading to a minima at the other side of the arc). For colors seen by a normal human eye, the most commonly cited and remembered sequence, in English, is Newton's sevenfold red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo and violet (popularly memorized by mnemonics like Roy G. Biv). However, color-blind persons will see fewer colors. Rainbows can be caused by many forms of airborne water. These include not only rain, but also mist, spray, and airborne\",\n \"title\": \"Atmospheric optics\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17585703\",\n \"text\": \"Irish Catholic laborers, Dominic Daley and James Halligan, were seen near the vicinity of the crime, and apprehended. The case became a huge sensation. The men were given a hasty trial and executed in Northampton in June, 1806, before a crowd of 20,000 cheering spectators. Subsequent research has borne out a miscarriage of justice: the men were likely innocent, victims of prejudice and a rush to judgment. Daley and Halligan are now known as the “Irish Sacco and Vanzetti.” They were officially pardoned by Governor Michael Dukakis in 1984. The action opens less than a week before the scheduled execution\",\n \"title\": \"The Garden of Martyrs\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"834523\",\n \"text\": \"Natalie Wood Natalie Wood (born Natalia Nikolaevna Zakharenko; July 20, 1938 – November 29, 1981) was an American actress. Born in San Francisco to Russian immigrant parents, Wood began her career in film as a child and became a successful Hollywood star as a young adult, receiving three Academy Award nominations before she turned 25 years old. She began acting in films at the age of four and, at age eight, was given a co-starring role in the 1947 classic Christmas film \\\"Miracle on 34th Street\\\". As a teenager, her performance in \\\"Rebel Without a Cause\\\" (1955) earned her a\",\n \"title\": \"Natalie Wood\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1727058\",\n \"text\": \"term expiration up to eighteen additional months. Under Franklin D. Roosevelt: Under Harry S. Truman: Under Dwight D. Eisenhower: Under John F. Kennedy: Under Lyndon B. Johnson: Under Richard Nixon: Under Gerald Ford: Under Jimmy Carter: Under Ronald Reagan: Under George H. W. Bush: Under Bill Clinton: Under George W. Bush: Under Barack Obama: Under Donald Trump: Securities and Exchange Commission appointees Members of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission are appointed by the President of the United States. As of 2011, their terms last five years and are staggered so that one commissioner's term ends on June 5 of\",\n \"title\": \"Securities and Exchange Commission appointees\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13032818\",\n \"text\": \"light-years from Earth. Another open cluster in Gemini is NGC 2158. Visible in large amateur telescopes and very rich, it is more than 12,000 light-years from Earth. The Eskimo Nebula or Clown Face Nebula (NGC 2392) is a planetary nebula with an overall magnitude of 9.2, located 4,000 light-years from Earth. In a small amateur telescope, its 10th magnitude central star is visible, along with its blue-green elliptical disk. It is named for its resemblance to the head of a person wearing a parka. The Medusa Nebula is another planetary nebula, some 1,500 light-years distant. Geminga is a neutron star\",\n \"title\": \"Gemini (constellation)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5011981\",\n \"text\": \"give up fighting. When he makes a passing remark about the children and their parents, Buffy is struck by the thought that the children's parents were never seen or mentioned, and the fact that no one knows the children's names. After using the Internet to contact Willow, the Scooby Gang learns that every fifty years throughout history, the murdered bodies of two nameless children have been found, resulting in peaceful communities being torn apart by vigilante chaos. The earliest record dating from Germany during 1649, where a cleric from the Black Forest discovered the corpses of \\\"Hans and Greta Strauss\\\",\",\n \"title\": \"Gingerbread (Buffy the Vampire Slayer)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6327353\",\n \"text\": \"Wood (surname) Wood is a surname in the English language. It is common throughout the world, especially countries with historical links to Great Britain. For the most part, the surname Wood originated as a topographic name used to describe a person who lived in, or worked in a wood or forest. This name is derived from the Middle English \\\"wode\\\", meaning \\\"wood\\\" (from the Old English \\\"wudu\\\"). An early occurrence of this surname (of a personal residing near a wood) is \\\"de la Wode\\\", recorded in Hertfordshire, England, in 1242. The locational name also appeared in early records Latinised as\",\n \"title\": \"Wood (surname)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6920284\",\n \"text\": \"of postholes for standing timbers, discovered in 1922, was named Woodhenge by its excavators because of similarities with Stonehenge. The name woodhenge is also used for a series of timber circles found at the Native American site of Cahokia (Cahokia Woodhenge). The timber Seahenge in Norfolk was named as such by journalists writing about its discovery in 1998. In November 2004, a diameter circle of postholes was found in Russia and publicised as the Russian Stonehenge. Other prehistoric sites elsewhere, often also with proposed astronomical alignments, are often described by journalists as being that region's '\\\"answer to Stonehenge\\\". In May\",\n \"title\": \"Stonehenge replicas and derivatives\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1822267\",\n \"text\": \"painting \\\"American Gothic\\\", which is also one of the most famous paintings in American art, and one of the few images to reach the status of widely recognised cultural icon, comparable to Leonardo da Vinci's \\\"Mona Lisa\\\" and Edvard Munch's \\\"The Scream\\\". \\\"American Gothic\\\" was first exhibited in 1930 at the Art Institute of Chicago, where it is still located. It was given a $300 prize and made news stories country-wide, bringing Wood immediate recognition. Since then, it has been borrowed and satirized endlessly for advertisements and cartoons. Art critics who had favorable opinions about the painting, such as Gertrude\",\n \"title\": \"Grant Wood\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1762184\",\n \"text\": \"their personal taste, choosing new furniture, new drapery, and designing their own oval-shaped carpet to take up most of the floor. Artwork is selected from the White House's own collection, or borrowed from museums for the president's term in office. The Oval Office has become associated in Americans' minds with the presidency itself through memorable images, such as a young John F. Kennedy, Jr. peering through the front panel of his father's desk, President Richard Nixon speaking by telephone with the Apollo 11 astronauts during their moonwalk, and daughter Amy Carter bringing her Siamese cat Misty Malarky Ying Yang to\",\n \"title\": \"Oval Office\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19364114\",\n \"text\": \"Dalai Lama Awakening Dalai Lama Awakening is a 2014 feature-length documentary film, produced and directed by Khashyar Darvich and narrated by actor Harrison Ford. With over 30 minutes of additional footage and a new score, the film is a Director's Cut and revision of \\\"Dalai Lama Renaissance\\\", the award winning 2007 documentary. The film presents the journey of innovative Western thinkers who travel to India to meet with the Dalai Lama. The film features Dr. Michael Beckwith (\\\"The Secret\\\"), quantum physicists Fred Alan Wolf and Amit Goswami (\\\"What The Bleep Do We Know\\\"), radio host and author Thom Hartmann, author\",\n \"title\": \"Dalai Lama Awakening\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1652242\",\n \"text\": \"to the National Trust, containing one of the best collections of arts and crafts movement furnishings and fabrics. East Grinstead House is the headquarters of the (UK and Ireland) Caravan Club. The town is the site of Queen Victoria Hospital, where famed plastic surgeon Archibald McIndoe treated burns victims of World War II and formed the Guinea Pig Club. A statue of Sir Archibald McIndoe caring for an injured airman was erected in June 2018 outside Sackville College and was unveiled by HRH The Princess Anne, the Princess Royal. Kidbrooke Park (today Michael Hall School), a home of the Hambro\",\n \"title\": \"East Grinstead\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13989938\",\n \"text\": \"Steven Whyte Steven Whyte (born 17 March 1969) is a sculptor classically trained in the traditional methodology of figurative bronze and portrait sculpture living in Carmel, California who has produced many public memorials and installations in both England and throughout the United States with subjects ranging from miners, to soldiers and fire fighters. He is credited with over fifty life size and larger bronze public figures and major monuments including \\\"The Silverdale Mining Memorial\\\", \\\"The Lance Sergeant Jack Baskeyfield VC Tribute\\\", \\\"The Spirit of 1948\\\", and \\\"The Dr. John Roberts Monument\\\". Whyte multimillion-dollar, sixteen-figure monument in San Diego, California entitled\",\n \"title\": \"Steven Whyte\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15251939\",\n \"text\": \"Ve Neill Ve Neill (born Mary Flores; 1951) is an American makeup artist. She has won three Academy Awards, for the films \\\"Beetlejuice\\\", \\\"Mrs. Doubtfire\\\" and \\\"Ed Wood\\\". She has been nominated for eight Oscars in total. Neill recounts that she aspired to be a make-up artist since the age of five and wanted to create monsters. As a child, she was known for painting the faces of her cousins with whatever was at hand, such as lipstick and shoe polish. Her interest in the makeup world was broadened by Leo Lotito, a make-up artist for TV shows who helped\",\n \"title\": \"Ve Neill\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20178120\",\n \"text\": \"later recanted his statements, but he was still convicted of the crime and sentenced to 25 years to life with no chance of parole. In 2015 the case was reopened; it remains unsolved. Disappearance of Sara Anne Wood Sara Anne Wood (born March 4, 1981) is a missing child who was last seen on August 18, 1993. Wood was last seen when she was riding her bicycle at 2:30 pm on August 18, 1993, after leaving her church in Sauquoit, New York. During the evening that Wood disappeared, her bicycle, coloring book and crayons were discovered hidden in an area\",\n \"title\": \"Disappearance of Sara Anne Wood\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5177339\",\n \"text\": \"gnome, carrying a bag of berries up the Gnomes' Stairway to the banquet within Bark Hall, and Grumples and Groodles the Elves, being awakened by Brownie, Dinkie, Rumplelocks and Hereandthere stealing eggs from the crows' nest. Innes also illustrated a 1930 children's book written by his wife Elsie and based on the \\\"Elfin Oak\\\". In it, Elsie wrote: The inside cover of Pink Floyd's 1969 album \\\"Ummagumma\\\" features a picture of David Gilmour in front of the \\\"Elfin Oak\\\". The comedian Spike Milligan was a lifelong fan of the tree, and in 1996 he led a successful campaign to have\",\n \"title\": \"Elfin Oak\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1389253\",\n \"text\": \"dress, from dinner jackets to patriotic T-shirts. Many use the occasion for an exuberant display of Britishness. Union Flags are waved by the Prommers, especially during \\\"Rule, Britannia!\\\". Flags, balloons and party poppers are all welcomed – although John Drummond famously discouraged this 'extraneous noise' during his tenure as Director. Sir Henry Wood's bust is adorned with a laurel chaplet by representatives of the Promenaders, who often wipe an imaginary bead of sweat from his forehead or make some similar gentle visual joke. Since 2006, the cost of standing place tickets has remained at just £5.00. Many consider these to\",\n \"title\": \"The Proms\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6011185\",\n \"text\": \"the Redwoods in Fort Bragg, California. Over the years, people from all over the world would come to the school. He retired from the College of the Redwoods in 2002 but continued to work in wood almost to the end of his life, from a shop at his home. His work is displayed in museums in Sweden, Norway, Japan, and the United States, as well as in the homes of some royal families. He became an Elected Fellow, American Craft Council in 2000, and was the first non-British recipient of the Annual Award of the Society of Designer-Craftsman's Centennial Medal\",\n \"title\": \"James Krenov\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11485869\",\n \"text\": \"has failed to place among the top four teams only once, in 2012.Below is the list of eight nations that have finished in the top two in Thomas Cup. 2018: 2016: 2014: 2012: 2010: 2008: 2006: 2004: 2002: 2000: 1998: 1996: 1994: 1992: 2018: 2016: 2014: 2012: 2010: 2008: 2006: 2004: 2002: 2000: 1998: 1996: 1994: 1992: 1990: 1988: 1986: 1984: 1981: 1978: 1975: 1972: 1969: 2017 2015 2013 2011 2009 Even though they actually have a balance of strength in all events, they are known for producing many great doubles in the men's category. Their doubles had conquered the\",\n \"title\": \"Indonesia national badminton team\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6562128\",\n \"text\": \"Survival, Orienteering or Camping. Sandy Beach's colors are blue and yellow, and their main mascot is Jim the Moose, though they have several other mascots including two bananas, a rock, and a \\\"crazy\\\" crocodile. The camp also houses the Reservation Baker, who works in the Bake Shoppe attached to the kitchen. Camp Sandy Beach seventeen campsites are named after famous Americans in history and include the following: Abe Lincoln, Audubon, Backwoods, Davy Crockett, Donald H. Cady, George Washington, Jim Bridger, Jim Bowie, James West, John Glenn, Kit Carson, Lewis & Clark, Neil Armstrong, Norman Rockwell, Richard Byrd, Silver Buffalo, and\",\n \"title\": \"Yawgoog Scout Reservation\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4357712\",\n \"text\": \"and recognized her, and she also did; they were acquaintances from about 30 years earlier. Nancy asked Miss Morrison to walk on ahead as there was apparently a private matter to discuss with this man. She came back very angry, and made her friend swear not to say anything about the incident. This breaks the case wide open for Holmes. He knows that there cannot be many men of this description in the area, and soon identifies him as Henry Wood, and goes with Watson to visit him the next day in his room in the very same street where\",\n \"title\": \"The Adventure of the Crooked Man\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2466724\",\n \"text\": \"Seed\\\" appear in episodes of \\\"\\\", \\\"\\\", and the 2013 film \\\"Star Trek Into Darkness\\\". On stardate 3141.9, the Federation starship USS \\\"Enterprise\\\" finds the derelict SS \\\"Botany Bay\\\" adrift in space. A landing party comprising Captain James T. Kirk (William Shatner), Doctor Leonard McCoy (DeForest Kelley), Chief Engineer Montgomery Scott (James Doohan), and historian Lieutenant Marla McGivers (Madlyn Rhue) beams over to the freighter. The landing party finds a cargo of 84 humans, 72 of whom are alive in suspended animation after nearly 200 years. McGivers identifies the group's leader who begins to revive and is taken back to\",\n \"title\": \"Space Seed\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"110631\",\n \"text\": \"featuring in many subsequent serials and two 1960s motion pictures. They have become as synonymous with \\\"Doctor Who\\\" as the Doctor himself, and their behaviour and catchphrases are now part of British popular culture. \\\"Hiding behind the sofa whenever the Daleks appear\\\" has been cited as an element of British cultural identity; and a 2008 survey indicated that nine out of ten British children were able to identify a Dalek correctly. In 1999 a Dalek photographed by Lord Snowdon appeared on a postage stamp celebrating British popular culture. In 2010, readers of science fiction magazine \\\"SFX\\\" voted the Dalek as\",\n \"title\": \"Dalek\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20178118\",\n \"text\": \"Disappearance of Sara Anne Wood Sara Anne Wood (born March 4, 1981) is a missing child who was last seen on August 18, 1993. Wood was last seen when she was riding her bicycle at 2:30 pm on August 18, 1993, after leaving her church in Sauquoit, New York. During the evening that Wood disappeared, her bicycle, coloring book and crayons were discovered hidden in an area of brush off of Hacadam Road. Wood was last seen wearing a pink T-shirt with the words \\\"Guess Who\\\" embroidered on the front, with turquoise blue shorts, and with brown sandals. In 1994,\",\n \"title\": \"Disappearance of Sara Anne Wood\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15556160\",\n \"text\": \"Smith, who portrays the Eleventh Doctor, called these aliens \\\"the scariest monsters in the Show's history\\\" and Karen Gillan, who portrays the Doctor's companion Amy Pond, commented that the Silence could \\\"rival the Weeping Angels in terms of scariness\\\". The Silence shown in \\\"The Impossible Astronaut\\\" are depicted as tall humanoids with bulbous heads and mouthless, bony faces, partly inspired by Edvard Munch's \\\"The Scream\\\". Their eyes are sunken within their sockets and the skin of their cheeks stretches to the point of their narrow chins. Their large, shrivelled hands resemble a human hand except where the ring and middle\",\n \"title\": \"Silence (Doctor Who)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6983895\",\n \"text\": \"girlfriend in Leytonstone, east London within the preceding 24 hours of the body being found. McLeish was identified as a suspect following a car belonging to him was found abandoned in Bethnal Green, east London. McLeish, who laughed as he was sentenced to two life sentences in 2002, is due to be released from prison in 2017, after being sentenced to a minimum tariff of 16 years minus time served. Other notable cases include the 1974 Babes in the Wood murders by serial killer and paedophile Ronald Jebson and the unsolved double killing of Terence Gooderham and Maxine Arnold, which\",\n \"title\": \"Epping Forest Keepers\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20904084\",\n \"text\": \"of Lange. Madison Montgomery (Emma Roberts) and Behold Chablis (Billy Porter), posing as a married couple, purchase the Murder House in Los Angeles, which has been abandoned for several years. Arriving at the house, the two soon suspect the presence of paranormal activity after learning that thirty-six people have died inside the house. They perform a spell which allows them to see the ghosts who can otherwise hide themselves from the living. In the living room, the ghosts of Tate Langdon (Evan Peters) and Dr. Ben Harmon (Dylan McDermott) are talking about Tate's frustration at being ignored by Ben's daughter,\",\n \"title\": \"Return to Murder House\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"236721\",\n \"text\": \"Naish has suggested that Grant may have seen either an otter or a seal and exaggerated his sighting over time. The \\\"surgeon's photograph\\\" is reportedly the first photo of the creature's head and neck. Supposedly taken by Robert Kenneth Wilson, a London gynaecologist, it was published in the \\\"Daily Mail\\\" on 21 April 1934. Wilson's refusal to have his name associated with it led to it being known as the \\\"surgeon's photograph\\\". According to Wilson, he was looking at the loch when he saw the monster, grabbed his camera and snapped four photos. Only two exposures came out clearly; the\",\n \"title\": \"Loch Ness Monster\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6087400\",\n \"text\": \"years later in 2003, Park Doo-man, now a businessman, learns from a little girl that the scene had recently been visited by another, unknown man, with a 'nondescript' face. The little girl had asked the man why he was looking at the ditch, and was told that he was reminiscing about something he had done there a long time ago. Park Doo-man, apparently having an epiphany, looks directly at the screen; he uses his same method by making eye contact with the audience to search for (or actually find) the eyes of the killer sitting among them. \\\"Memories of Murder\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"Memories of Murder\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5027437\",\n \"text\": \"Walter because of his \\\"book talk\\\", and all the more when he fights Dan Reese after Dan insulted Walter, his mother and his friend Faith. At the close of the book he has a vision of 'The Piper' on the hill, piping away, making young men follow him from around the world. This vision is fulfilled in the following book as World War One breaks out. Anne \\\"Nan\\\" Blythe: One of the Ingleside twins, Nan is \\\"Blythe by name and blithe by nature\\\", being a dainty little maiden with velvety nut-brown eyes and silky nut-brown hair. Her complexion is almost\",\n \"title\": \"Rainbow Valley\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16642898\",\n \"text\": \"models that were constructed by a team of German cabinetmakers for the 1939 Golden Gate International Exposition. In 1998, the Cline family saved the California Mission models from being auctioned off individually and built the museum for their display. The museum also features a life-sized figure of Father Junipero Serra, mission paintings by Robert Morris and Henry Nelson, and two stained-glass panels originally housed in San Francisco's Mission Dolores prior to the 1906 San Francisco earthquake. The museum is open to the public daily and admission is free of charge. Cline Cellars Cline Cellars Winery is a family owned and\",\n \"title\": \"Cline Cellars\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4013284\",\n \"text\": \"the world is going to look like when God's will is done.\\\" Hollywood actors Joan Crawford, Natalie Wood and Jerry Lewis commissioned Keane to paint their portraits. In the 1990s, Tim Burton, a Keane art collector and director of the 2014 biographical film \\\"Big Eyes\\\" about the life of Margaret Keane, commissioned the artist to paint a portrait of his then-girlfriend Lisa Marie. Keane's art was bought and presented to the United Nations Children's Fund in 1961 by the Prescolite Manufacturing Corporation. Keane's big eyes paintings have influenced toy designs, Little Miss No Name and Susie Sad Eyes dolls, and\",\n \"title\": \"Margaret Keane\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3395793\",\n \"text\": \"'fairy lights', describing 'a small coloured light used in illuminations' had already entered English: its usage for a string of electrically powered Christmas lights has been common in the UK ever since. The first known electrically illuminated Christmas tree was the creation of Edward H. Johnson, an associate of inventor Thomas Edison. While he was vice president of the Edison Electric Light Company, a predecessor of today's Con Edison electric utility, he had Christmas tree light bulbs especially made for him. He proudly displayed his Christmas tree, which was hand-wired with 80 red, white and blue electric incandescent light bulbs\",\n \"title\": \"Christmas lights\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2005745\",\n \"text\": \"Sherman Tree is neither the tallest known living tree on Earth (that distinction belongs to the Hyperion tree, a Coast redwood), nor is it the widest (both the largest cypress and largest baobab have a greater diameter), nor is it the oldest known living tree on Earth (that distinction belongs to a Great Basin bristlecone pine). With a height of , a diameter of , an estimated bole volume of , and an estimated age of 2,3002,700 years, it is nevertheless among the tallest, widest, and longest-lived of all trees on the planet. General Sherman (tree) General Sherman is a\",\n \"title\": \"General Sherman (tree)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1879386\",\n \"text\": \"shared and unique nature of their stapes. The wood hoopoes most resemble the true hoopoe with their long down-curved bills and short rounded wings. According to genetic studies, the two genera, \\\"Phoeniculus\\\" and \\\"Rhinopomastus\\\", appear to have diverged about 10 million years ago, so some systematists treat them as separate subfamilies or even separate families. The wood hoopoes are a morphologically distinct group, unlikely to be mistaken for any other. These species are medium-sized ( long, much of which is the tail). They have metallic plumage, often blue, green or purple, and lack a crest. The sexes are similar in\",\n \"title\": \"Wood hoopoe\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"964777\",\n \"text\": \"regular-shaped dark area unbroken by bright patches\\\" that can be seen with the naked eye. Around 1600, William Gilbert made a map of the Moon that names Mare Imbrium \\\"Regio Magna Orientalis\\\" (the Large Eastern Region). Michael van Langren's 1645 map named it \\\"Mare Austriacum\\\" (the Austrian Sea). Mare Imbrium is visible to the naked eye from Earth. In the traditional 'Man in the Moon' image seen on the Moon in Western folklore, Mare Imbrium forms the man's right eye. On 17 November 1970 at 03:47 Universal Time, the Soviet spacecraft Luna 17 made a soft landing in the mare,\",\n \"title\": \"Mare Imbrium\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12614556\",\n \"text\": \"million visitors a year. The shop has had many notable customers over the years. Visitors have included Teddy Roosevelt, J. Edgar Hoover, Jack Dempsey, Charlie Chaplin, Red Skelton, John Wayne, Katharine Hepburn, James Van Der Beek, and Sylvester Stallone. Cartoonist Robert Ripley of \\\"Ripley's Believe It or Not\\\" bought totem poles and other crafts for his New York estate. The store's logs show that Queen Marie of Romania visited and \\\"sat in the Chinese chair\\\" and that Louis Tiffany bought \\\"curios, idols and a mammoth tusk,\\\" Many museum collections include items purchased from the shop, mostly objects from the Arctic\",\n \"title\": \"Ye Olde Curiosity Shop\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18586558\",\n \"text\": \"Spectre of Newby Church The Spectre of Newby Church (or the \\\"Newby Monk\\\") is the name given to an artifact found on a photograph taken in the Church of Christ the Consoler, on the grounds of Newby Hall in North Yorkshire, United Kingdom. The image was taken in 1963 by the Reverend Kenneth F. Lord. As the artifact appears to resemble a human, much speculation has been had regarding what type of person might be in the image. Most speculation by believers has concluded that it resembles a 16th-century monk, with a white shroud over his face, possibly to mask\",\n \"title\": \"Spectre of Newby Church\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15243755\",\n \"text\": \"dollar coin that had previously been proposed. Leach felt that a dollar coin was not a suitable way to commemorate the individuals, as it was impossible to honor such a large group on a coin whose design was likely to remain unchanged for a long period of time. He also noted that all United States coinage until then had depicted individuals whose principal contributions had been in government and politics rather than the arts. Leach described the specifics of his proposal, stating: The subjects designated were painter Grant Wood, contralto singer Marian Anderson, authors Mark Twain and Willa Cather, musician\",\n \"title\": \"American Arts Commemorative Series medallions\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1175437\",\n \"text\": \"College in Cambridge positions its apostrophe differently and has no article, as it was named for multiple Queens (Margaret of Anjou, the wife of King Henry VI, and Elizabeth Woodville, the wife of King Edward IV). In April 2012, as part of the celebrations of the Diamond Jubilee of Elizabeth II, a series of commemorative stamps was released featuring A-Z pictures of famous British landmarks. The Queen's College's front quad was used on the Q stamp, alongside other landmarks such as the Angel of the North on A and the Old Bailey on O. One of the most famous feasts\",\n \"title\": \"The Queen's College, Oxford\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6327355\",\n \"text\": \"emigrants from the German-speaking countries Anglicized this name to Wood when they settled in countries like the United States, Canada, Australia, South Africa, et cetera. The name \\\"Wald\\\" still exists, too. Also, the name Wood has been modified in many cases by the addition of suffixs to create: Woodard, Woodburn, Woodby, Woodcock, Woodforde, Woodham, Woodly, Woodman, Woodruff, Woodstock, Woodvine, and Woodward. In England and Wales, and on the Isle of Man, Wood is the 26th most-common surname, in Scotland it is the 53rd most-common surname and in the United States the 78th. Wood (surname) Wood is a surname in the\",\n \"title\": \"Wood (surname)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12205887\",\n \"text\": \"that elephants have excellent memories. The variation \\\"Women and elephants never forget an injury\\\" originates from the 1904 book \\\"Reginald on Besetting Sins\\\" by British writer Hector Hugh Munro, better known as Saki. This adage seems to have a basis in fact, as reported in \\\"Scientific American\\\": \\\"Seeing the Elephant\\\" is a 19th-century Americanism denoting a world-weary experience; often used by soldiers, pioneers and adventurers to qualify new and exciting adventures such as the Civil War, the Oregon Trail and the California Gold Rush. A \\\"white elephant\\\" has become a term referring to an expensive burden, particularly when much has\",\n \"title\": \"Cultural depictions of elephants\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12420653\",\n \"text\": \"Noltland, a site on the north coast of the island of Westray has been excavated since the 1980s. In 2009 a lozenge-shaped figurine was discovered, which may have been carved 2500-3000 BC and is believed to be the earliest representation of a human face ever found in Scotland. The face has two dots for eyes, heavy brows and an oblong nose and a pattern of hatches on the body could represent clothing. Archaeologist Richard Strachan described it as a find of \\\"astonishing rarity\\\". Skara Brae, Maeshowe, the Ring of Brodgar and the Stones of Stenness together form the Heart of\",\n \"title\": \"Prehistoric Orkney\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7624\",\n \"text\": \"show almost exclusively the type of anthropogonic stories that derive man's origin from clay, earth or blood by means of a divine creation act\\\". Two wooden figures—the Braak Bog Figures—of \\\"more than human height\\\" were unearthed from a peat bog at Braak in Schleswig, Germany. The figures depict a nude male and a nude female. Hilda Ellis Davidson comments that these figures may represent a \\\"Lord and Lady\\\" of the Vanir, a group of Norse gods, and that \\\"another memory of [these wooden deities] may survive in the tradition of the creation of Ask and Embla, the man and woman\",\n \"title\": \"Ask and Embla\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9877299\",\n \"text\": \"on the TV talent show \\\"New Faces\\\" in 1974. However, it was only when Wood saw her act in a show by BBC Scotland called \\\"Eighty-One Take Two\\\" that she was impressed enough to hire her friend for the show. Imrie played various roles throughout the run, like a co-presenter of McConomy (a spoof TV economy show), and most famously Miss Babs in \\\"Acorn Antiques\\\". Imrie said in 2007, \\\"Miss Babs is still what I'm best known for, even though I don't go around with bright yellow hair.\\\" During her run in \\\"As Seen On TV\\\" Imrie received a fan\",\n \"title\": \"Victoria Wood as Seen on TV\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5375530\",\n \"text\": \"blueprints and multiple Daleks painted in British Army Khaki, Winston Churchill uses them as war weapons, although they are mostly seen to be carrying around files and asking staff, \\\"Would you care for some tea?\\\" The Eleventh Doctor is surprised as these khaki Daleks appear to have forgotten their own purpose. This is all part of their plan, however: he proclaims, \\\"I am the Doctor, and you are the Daleks!\\\" which the Daleks back on the ship use as a testimony to activate the progenitor. The five New Paradigm Daleks that appear then exterminate their predecessors with no resistance, as\",\n \"title\": \"History of the Daleks\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9668041\",\n \"text\": \"16 (December 2006 - January 2007), written by Geoff Johns, and most recently in \\\"\\\" #9 (November 2009). The Faceless Hunters first come to public attention in 1961 after one of them, Klee Pan, is intercepted trying to steal major world sculptures such as the Mount Rushmore heads and the Easter Island statues. Oregon Highway Patrolmen Bob Colby and Jim Boone are assigned to Mount Rushmore, and confront Klee Pan, who explains that he \\\" 'comes from Klaramar - a world revolving within an atom on the planet Saturn' \\\" and he is looking for a stone face left on\",\n \"title\": \"Faceless Hunters\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2372314\",\n \"text\": \"Marie Lloyd Matilda Alice Victoria Wood (12 February 1870 – 7 October 1922), professionally known as Marie Lloyd ; was an English music hall singer, comedian and musical theatre actress. She was best known for her performances of songs such as \\\"The Boy I Love Is Up in the Gallery\\\", \\\"My Old Man (Said Follow the Van)\\\" and \\\"Oh Mr Porter What Shall I Do\\\". She received both criticism and praise for her use of innuendo and double entendre during her performances, but enjoyed a long and prosperous career, during which she was affectionately called the \\\"Queen of the Music\",\n \"title\": \"Marie Lloyd\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10122337\",\n \"text\": \"painting by Grant Wood from 1930. Portraying a pitchfork-holding farmer and a younger woman in front of a house of Carpenter Gothic style, it is one of the most familiar images in 20th-century American art. Art critics assumed it was satirical in intent; it was thought to be part of the trend towards increasingly critical depictions of rural America exemplified by Sherwood Anderson's \\\"1919 Winesburg, Ohio\\\", Sinclair Lewis' 1920 \\\"Main Street\\\", and Carl Van Vechten's \\\"The Tattooed Countess\\\" in literature. However, with the onset of the Great Depression, the painting came to be seen as a depiction of steadfast American\",\n \"title\": \"Western painting\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5576484\",\n \"text\": \"out into the woods and confront the Bigfoot evidence for themselves,\\\" Sheaffer accompanied Beckjord on a 5-day Bigfoot expedition in 1999. He was disappointed at Beckjord's continued lack of evidence and attributed Beckjord's interpretations of rock formations, leaves and shadows as Bigfoot faces or skulls to \\\"the workings of an overzealous imagination.\\\" CNN correspondent Rusty Dornin wrote in 1997 \\\"Faces on Mars, the Loch Ness monster, or an alien with a name tag (Andy)--if it's far-fetched and unproved, Beckjord buys it. And it's all on display at his storefront 'museum'.\\\" Beckjord maintained that \\\"With the card-carrying skeptics, we will never\",\n \"title\": \"Jon-Erik Beckjord\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2718556\",\n \"text\": \"The patient explains that he has already seen a doctor: SMITH: He told me I had snew in my blood.<br> DALE: What did he told you?<br> SMITH: He told me I had snew in my blood.<br> DALE: Snew? What's snew?<br> SMITH: Nothing. What's new with you? SMITH \\\"(reacting to Dale spitting on his stethoscope:)\\\" Doctor, what is that you're doing?<br> DALE: Sterilization. DALE: Now inhale, please.<br> SMITH: What?<br> DALE: Inhale.<br> SMITH: What?<br> DALE: \\\"Inhale!\\\" I would like to see you.<br> SMITH: (Inhale) In Hell I would like to see \\\"you!\\\"<br> DALE: The whole trouble with you is, you need eyeglasses.<br>\",\n \"title\": \"Smith and Dale\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2379052\",\n \"text\": \"have been written about this perplexing visitant constitute 'ufology'.\\\" This article was printed eight years after Edward J. Ruppelt of the United States Air Force (USAF) coined the word \\\"UFO\\\" in 1951. The modern UFO mythology has three traceable roots: the late 19th century \\\"mystery airships\\\" reported in the newspapers of the western United States, \\\"foo fighters\\\" reported by Allied airmen during World War II, and the Kenneth Arnold \\\"flying saucer\\\" sighting near Mt. Rainier, Washington on June 24, 1947. UFO reports between \\\"The Great Airship Wave\\\" and the Arnold sighting were limited in number compared to the post-war period:\",\n \"title\": \"Ufology\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12508853\",\n \"text\": \"Newman's Own, founded in 1982. In 2014, her license with Newman's Own was not renewed and Nell moved on to pursue her ongoing commitment to conservation, organic farming and philanthropy. She and her father were featured together in many of its marketing campaigns, often posed to resemble \\\"American Gothic\\\", an iconic painting by Grant Wood. She has been married to Gary Irving since 2005. They reside in California. In 2014, Newman received the prestigious Rachel Carson Award from The National Audubon Society for her environmental leadership. In 2017, Newman was inducted into the Specialty Food Hall of Fame, which “honor(s)\",\n \"title\": \"Nell Newman\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15251943\",\n \"text\": \"notable films she has worked on are \\\"Austin Powers in Goldmember\\\", \\\"The Hunger Games\\\", \\\"\\\", \\\"A.I. Artificial Intelligence\\\", \\\"Hook\\\", and \\\"Edward Scissorhands\\\". Ve Neill Ve Neill (born Mary Flores; 1951) is an American makeup artist. She has won three Academy Awards, for the films \\\"Beetlejuice\\\", \\\"Mrs. Doubtfire\\\" and \\\"Ed Wood\\\". She has been nominated for eight Oscars in total. Neill recounts that she aspired to be a make-up artist since the age of five and wanted to create monsters. As a child, she was known for painting the faces of her cousins with whatever was at hand, such as lipstick\",\n \"title\": \"Ve Neill\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20634594\",\n \"text\": \"body parts, natural land forms, abstract things—essentially objects that do not move, do not possess spirit and generally unable to move. Numerous exceptions to this general rule exist. The body parts -ohpee (-apee), 'hip,' -úhkus (-uhkas), 'finger nail' and woskequah (wushkeeqâh) , 'whale bone'; the English loan words conner (corner) and Testament (Testament) and the kitchen object kunnommaog (kunumuwôk) , 'ladle' or 'spoon' are all animate. The sun and moon, despite being planetary bodies, are inanimate. Although standing trees are animate, names of trees and species are always inanimate, thus the plural form of kꝏwa (k8wa) , 'pine tree,' is\",\n \"title\": \"Massachusett grammar\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15024470\",\n \"text\": \"Mount Cadbury Mount Cadbury () is the easternmost of the Batterbee Mountains, high, standing east-southeast of Mount Ness and inland from George VI Sound on the west coast of Palmer Land. The coast in this vicinity was first seen and photographed from the air on November 23, 1935 by Lincoln Ellsworth, but this mountain seems to have been obscured from Ellsworth's line of sight by clouds or intervening summits. Mount Cadbury was surveyed in 1936 by the British Graham Land Expedition (BGLE) under John Rymill, and named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee in 1954 for Mrs. Henry Tyler Cadbury,\",\n \"title\": \"Mount Cadbury\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12750248\",\n \"text\": \"leave it to Woody to choose Dr. Horace N. Buggy, a Scottish-brogue-burring fox, who is, if it's impossible, even madder than he is. The story ends with Woody hurled into a movie theater audience, watching the doctor crack up on screen, and annoying the people beside him (\\\"\\\"That doctor sure is a card, isn't he? But I don't think he's near as funny as the woodpecker! Do you think so, mister? Huh? DO you, mister? HUH? I like cartoons! Don't YOU like cartoons??\\\"\\\"). Woody Woodpecker (1941 film) Woody Woodpecker is the first animated cartoon short subject in the \\\"Woody Woodpecker\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"Woody Woodpecker (1941 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14518399\",\n \"text\": \"Theresa Berkley (d.1836), the writer William Gerhardi (1895–1977), the conductor and founder of The Proms Sir Henry Joseph Wood (1869–1944), American journalist and broadcaster Edward R Murrow (1908–1965), World War Two hero Wing Commander Forest Frederick Edward Yeo-Thomas (1901–1964), the radio and television writer Ernest Dudley (1908–2006), and the Austrian writer Stefan Zweig (1881–1942). Number 50 Charlotte Street (later renamed 93 Hallam Street) was both the home and official residence from 1875 to 1910 of Jesse Claxton who was the Registrar of Births and Deaths for St Marylebone for 35 years. Numbers 44 and 50 Hallam Street, originally the offices\",\n \"title\": \"Hallam Street\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2403715\",\n \"text\": \"they were at the middle of the 19th Century, including depictions of Blackfeet (\\\"see also: Blackfoot Confederacy\\\"), Hidatsa, and Dakota cultures. Of particular interest is a Folsom point discovered in 1926 New Mexico, providing valuable evidence of early American colonization of the Americas. This hall details the lives and technology of traditional Native American peoples in the woodland environments of eastern North America. Particular cultures exhibited include Cree, Mohegan, Ojibwe, and Iroquois. The Bernard and Anne Spitzer Hall of Human Origins, formerly The Hall of Human Biology and Evolution, opened on February 10, 2007. Originally known under the name \\\"Hall\",\n \"title\": \"American Museum of Natural History\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14244293\",\n \"text\": \"eighteen by twenty-four inches, one of which I now have, and it is now within view. I think the likeness of Mr. Lincoln by far the best of the many I have seen elsewhere, and those of General Grant, Admiral Porter, and myself equally good and faithful. I think Admiral Porter gave Healy a written description of our relative positions in that interview, also the dimensions, shape, and furniture of the cabin of the \\\"Ocean Queen\\\"; but the rainbow is Healy's—typical, of course, of the coming peace. In this picture I seem to be talking, the others attentively listening. Whether\",\n \"title\": \"The Peacemakers\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2357565\",\n \"text\": \"Seth MacFarlane Seth Woodbury MacFarlane (; born October 26, 1973) is an American actor, animator, filmmaker, and singer, working primarily in animation and comedy, as well as live-action and other genres. MacFarlane is the creator of the TV series \\\"Family Guy\\\" (1999–2003, 2005–present) and \\\"The Orville\\\" (2017–present), and co-creator of the TV series \\\"American Dad!\\\" (2005–present) and \\\"The Cleveland Show\\\" (2009–2013). He also wrote, directed, and starred in the films \\\"Ted\\\" (2012), its sequel \\\"Ted 2\\\" (2015), and \\\"A Million Ways to Die in the West\\\" (2014). MacFarlane is a graduate of the Rhode Island School of Design, where he\",\n \"title\": \"Seth MacFarlane\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2032162\",\n \"text\": \"the western spiral arm of the galaxy. It is home to a number of planets, including Earth and Rupert. Earth is \\\"an utterly insignificant little blue-green planet far out in the uncharted backwaters of the unfashionable end of the western spiral arm of the galaxy\\\". The sapient life-forms on Earth are, in descending order of intelligence, mice, dolphins and humans, the lattermost of whom may or may not be descended from a race of Golgafrinchan telephone-sanitisers, hairdressers, management consultants, and documentary film producers.\\\" These Golgafrinchans arrived in a space ark which crashed into the planet circa 2 mya, promptly christening\",\n \"title\": \"Places in The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2948083\",\n \"text\": \"Peter and Rosemary Grant Peter Raymond Grant, , , and Barbara Rosemary Grant, , , are a British couple who are evolutionary biologists at Princeton University. Each currently holds the position of emeritus professor. They are known for their work with Darwin's finches on Daphne Major, one of the Galápagos Islands. Since 1973, the Grants have spent six months of every year capturing, tagging, and taking blood samples from finches on the island. They have worked to show that natural selection can be seen within a single lifetime, or even within a couple of years. Charles Darwin originally thought that\",\n \"title\": \"Peter and Rosemary Grant\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2764372\",\n \"text\": \"receive it; they are not on \\\"the same level\\\" as would be two humans shaking hands, for instance. Many hypotheses have been formulated regarding the identity and meaning of the twelve figures around God. According to an interpretation that was first proposed by the English art critic Walter Pater (1839 – 1894) and is now widely accepted, the person protected by God's left arm represents Eve, due to the figure's feminine appearance and gaze towards Adam, and the eleven other figures symbolically represent the souls of Adam and Eve's unborn progeny, the entire human race. This interpretation has been challenged,\",\n \"title\": \"The Creation of Adam\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1382896\",\n \"text\": \"Sather Tower Sather Tower (frequently called The Campanile) is a bell tower, with clocks on its four faces, on the University of California, Berkeley campus, more commonly known as The Campanile ( ) for its resemblance to the Campanile di San Marco in Venice. It is the university's most recognizable symbol. Given by Jane K. Sather in memory of her husband, banker Peder Sather, it is the third-tallest bell-and-clock-tower in the world. Its current 61-bell carillon, built around a nucleus of 12 bells also given by Jane Sather, can be heard for many miles and supports an extensive program of\",\n \"title\": \"Sather Tower\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16274335\",\n \"text\": \"clear that the forensic samples taken as \\\"tapings\\\" in 1986 had been so carefully handled by the police and so well preserved by scientists that Altman could present them as a \\\"time capsule\\\" that proved Bishop's guilt. On December 10, 2018, after a nine-week trial at the Central Criminal Court — better known as the Old Bailey — with a jury of seven men and five women, they returned a guilty verdict after two-and-a-half hours of deliberation. Babes in the Wood murders (Wild Park) The Babes in the Wood Murders were the murders of two 9-year-old girls, Nicola Fellows and\",\n \"title\": \"Babes in the Wood murders (Wild Park)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18535037\",\n \"text\": \"Wilson Wood (actor) Wilson Wood (born Charles Woodrow Tolkien, February 11, 1915 – October 23, 2004) was an American character actor during the middle of the twentieth century. Born in Huron, North Dakota on February 11, 1915, he made his film debut with a small role in 1946's \\\"Two Sisters from Boston\\\", directed by Henry Koster. During his 17-year career he would appear in over 100 films, usually in smaller roles. In 1952 he would star in a serial for Republic Pictures. The 12 part series was titled, \\\"Zombies of the Stratosphere\\\", which would be edited down and released in\",\n \"title\": \"Wilson Wood (actor)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5071736\",\n \"text\": \"Truman, Woodrow Wilson, Dwight D. Eisenhower, Andrew Jackson, and John F. Kennedy. More recent Presidents such as Ronald Reagan and Bill Clinton are often rated among the greatest in public opinion polls, but do not always rank as highly among presidential scholars and historians. The bottom 10 often include James Buchanan, Warren G. Harding, Andrew Johnson, Franklin Pierce, Millard Fillmore, William Henry Harrison, John Tyler, Ulysses S. Grant, Zachary Taylor, and George W. Bush. Because William Henry Harrison (30 days) and James A. Garfield (200 days, incapacitated after 119 days) both died shortly after taking office, they are usually omitted\",\n \"title\": \"Historical rankings of presidents of the United States\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8119992\",\n \"text\": \"Digging to China Digging to China is a 1997 American drama film that marked the directorial debut of actor Timothy Hutton and the screen debut of Evan Rachel Wood. The screenplay by Karen Janszen focuses on the friendship forged between a precocious pre-teenaged girl with a vivid imagination and a mentally challenged adult male. Set in the mid-1960s, the story centers on ten-year-old Harriet Frankovitz, a lonely outcast who lives with her mother and older sister Gwen in a dilapidated North Carolina motel with cabins shaped like teepees her mother received as part of her divorce settlement. Harriet has a\",\n \"title\": \"Digging to China\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20010930\",\n \"text\": \"Davies' run from 2005–2010, and Moffat's from 2010–2017. The eleventh series was broadcast on Sundays, a first in the programme's history, after regular episodes of the revived era have previously been broadcast on Saturdays. The series introduces Jodie Whittaker as the Thirteenth Doctor, a new incarnation of the Doctor, an alien Time Lord who travels through time and space in her TARDIS, which appears to be a British police box on the outside. The series also introduces Bradley Walsh, Tosin Cole, and Mandip Gill as the Doctor's newest travelling companions, Graham O'Brien, Ryan Sinclair and Yasmin Khan, respectively. The series\",\n \"title\": \"Doctor Who (series 11)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1382908\",\n \"text\": \"The carillon program remains fully funded by the generous endowment of Jerry and Evelyn Chambers. Sather Tower Sather Tower (frequently called The Campanile) is a bell tower, with clocks on its four faces, on the University of California, Berkeley campus, more commonly known as The Campanile ( ) for its resemblance to the Campanile di San Marco in Venice. It is the university's most recognizable symbol. Given by Jane K. Sather in memory of her husband, banker Peder Sather, it is the third-tallest bell-and-clock-tower in the world. Its current 61-bell carillon, built around a nucleus of 12 bells also given\",\n \"title\": \"Sather Tower\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15296103\",\n \"text\": \"Death and the Sculptor Death and the Sculptor, also known as the Milmore Monument and The Angel of Death and the Young Sculptor is a sculpture in bronze, and one of the most important and influential works of art created by sculptor Daniel Chester French. The work was commissioned to mark the grave in Forest Hills Cemetery in Jamaica Plain, Boston, Massachusetts, of the brothers Joseph (1841-1886), James and Martin Milmore (1844-1883). It has two figures effectively in the round, linked to a background relief behind them. The right-hand figure represents a sculptor, whose hand holding a chisel is gently\",\n \"title\": \"Death and the Sculptor\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"compressed_ctxs_1":{"kind":"string","value":"{\n \"compressed_prompt\": \"Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\\n\\ntitle: American Gothic context: American Gothic American Gothic is a 1930 painting by Grant Wood in the collection of the Art Institute of Chicago. Wood was inspired to paint what is now known as the \\\"American Gothic\\\" House in Eldon, Iowa, along with \\\"the kind of people I fancied should live in that house.\\\" It depicts a farmer standing beside a woman who has been interpreted to be his sister. The figures were modeled by Wood's sister Nan Wood Graham and their dentist Dr. Byron McKeeby. The woman is dressed in a colonial print apron evoking 19th-century Americana, and the man is holding a\\n\\nMost of us are familiar with the faces of Dr. B. H. McKeeby and Nan Wood, but who are they and where have we seen them?\",\n \"compressed_tokens\": 201,\n \"origin_tokens\": 201,\n \"ratio\": \"1.0x\",\n \"saving\": \", Saving $0.0 in GPT-4.\"\n}"},"compressed_ctxs_100":{"kind":"string","value":"{\n \"compressed_prompt\": \"Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\\n\\ntitle: Gothic context: American Gothic American Gothic is a 1930 painting by Grant Wood in the collection of the Art Institute of Chicago. Wood was inspired to paint what is now known as the \\\"American Gothic\\\" House in Eldon, Iowa, along with \\\"the kind of people I fancied should live in that house.\\\" It depicts a farmer standing beside a woman who has been interpreted to be his sister. The figures were modeled by Wood's sister Nan Wood Graham and their dentist Dr. Byron McKeeby. The woman is dressed in a colonial print apron evoking 19th-century Americana, and the man is holding a\\n\\ntitle: Grant Wood context: looks older than Wood's sister preferred to think of herself. The dentist, Dr. Byron McKeeby (1867–1950), was from Cedar Rapids The woman dressed in a dark print apron mimicking 19th century Americana with cameo brooch The couple in the traditional roles men and women, the man' pitchfork symbolizing hard labor. compositional severity and detailed technique derive from Northern Renaissance paintings, which Grant had looked at during three visits to Europe; after this he became increasingly aware of the Midwest's own legacy, which also informs the work. It is a key image of Regionalism\\ntitle Grant Wood context inspiration from Eldon, southern Iowa, a cottage designed in the Gothic Revival style with upper window in the shape of a pointed arch the and painting' title paint the along with \\\"the kind of people I fancied should live in that house.\\\" farmer standingster daughter mode', Nan900–10), and his dent. insisted that painting depicts farmer's daughter not wife, dis far' wife would meantitle:ic: By Mcy (0ids Iowa. Nan, perhaps being age peopleed the daughter than wife Wood confirmed (\\\" prim is grown his to Nellie Sud Elements of vertical thatic. The three-pronged pitchfork is echoed in the stitching of the man's overalls, the Gothic window of the house, and the structure of the man's\\n\\nMost of us are familiar with the faces of Dr. B. H. McKeeby and Nan Wood, but who are they and where have we seen them?\",\n \"compressed_tokens\": 490,\n \"origin_tokens\": 15450,\n \"ratio\": \"31.5x\",\n \"saving\": \", Saving $0.9 in GPT-4.\"\n}"}}},{"rowIdx":272,"cells":{"id":{"kind":"number","value":272,"string":"272"},"question":{"kind":"string","value":"The Last Of The Really Great Whangdoodles and Mandy are children's books written by what well-known Oscar-winning actress?"},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["Julia Elizabeth Wells","Julie Elizabeth Andrews, DBE","Julie Andrews Edwards","Julie Wells","Julie Elizabeth Wells","Julie Elizabeth Andrews","Dame Julie Andrews","Julie Elizabeth Andrews DBE","Julie andrews","Julie Andrews"],"string":"[\n \"Julia Elizabeth Wells\",\n \"Julie Elizabeth Andrews, DBE\",\n \"Julie Andrews Edwards\",\n \"Julie Wells\",\n \"Julie Elizabeth Wells\",\n \"Julie Elizabeth Andrews\",\n \"Dame Julie Andrews\",\n \"Julie Elizabeth Andrews DBE\",\n \"Julie andrews\",\n \"Julie Andrews\"\n]","isConversational":false},"target":{"kind":"string","value":"Julie Andrews"},"ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"id":"3927609","text":"The Last of the Really Great Whangdoodles The Last of the Really Great Whangdoodles is a children's novel written by Julie Edwards, the married name of singer and actress Dame Julie Andrews. More recent editions credit the book to \"Julie Andrews Edwards\". Three siblings, Ben, Tom, and Melinda Potter (better known as Lindy), meet Professor Savant while visiting the zoo one rainy day. On Halloween, Lindy dares to knock on the spookiest house on the block, which happens to belong to the Professor, and the three become more acquainted with him. After a second meeting, they begin spending time at","title":"The Last of the Really Great Whangdoodles"},{"id":"3927612","text":"of another denizen, the Whiffle Bird, to outwit the traps. The kids at last meet the last Whangdoodle. It turns out he wants a female Whangdoodle to be his queen, so he won't be lonely, and Professor Savant's knowledge and talents have the ability to grant the Whangdoodle just that. That is, if the Professor can figure out exactly how to do it. The Last of the Really Great Whangdoodles The Last of the Really Great Whangdoodles is a children's novel written by Julie Edwards, the married name of singer and actress Dame Julie Andrews. More recent editions credit the","title":"The Last of the Really Great Whangdoodles"},{"id":"2954359","text":"against a forest where Whangdoodles live. One of the firemen of the book refers to the centipede as a Whangdoodle. In \"Charlie and the Chocolate Factory\", Willy Wonka mentions that he saved the Oompa Loompas from Whangdoodles and various other monsters. A different Whangdoodle is described in the children's novel \"The Last of the Really Great Whangdoodles\" by singer and actress Dame Julie Andrews (under her married name of Julie Edwards): an intelligent, ungulate-like character capable of changing color to suit its emotions, from whose hind legs grow a new and different set of bedroom slippers each year. It is","title":"Whangdoodle"},{"id":"7776897","text":"constant headache, which causes it always to be in a foul mood. Accordingly, one is advised to never approach a splintercat. \"Splintercat Creek,\" found in the northern Cascade Range of Oregon, is named after this legendary animal. The Splintercat appears in the book \"The Last of the Really Great Whangdoodles\" by Julie Andrews Edwards. This particular Splintercat answers to the Prime Minister of Whangdoodland and also enjoys playing Cat's cradle. Splintercat The splintercat (\"Felynx arbordiffisus\") is a legendary creature and fictional animal in the United States. The splintercat is a nocturnal feline animal of great ferocity. It flies through the","title":"Splintercat"},{"id":"2954358","text":"Whangdoodle The Whangdoodle is a fanciful creature in folklore and children's literature, most notably used by British authors Roald Dahl and Julie Andrews. Popularized by a sermon parody attributed to William P. Brannan as \"Where the lion roareth and the whangdoodle mourneth for her first-born,\" published in \"The Harp of a Thousand Strings: Or, Laughter for a Lifetime\" (1858). Whangdoodle is also an earlier term for a \"fanciful formation\" or a \"gadget . . . thing for which the correct name is not known.\" In Roald Dahl's book \"The Minpins\", one of the main characters is warned by his mother","title":"Whangdoodle"},{"id":"3927610","text":"the Professor's house, where he introduces them to games of concentration and observation. He reveals that there is a magic land called Whangdoodleland that can only be reached through the imagination, and that he is training them to accompany him there. Whangdoodleland is the home of the last Whangdoodle that lived in the world. Once the Whangdoodle, and other creatures that are now considered imaginary, lived in our world. However, fearing that people were losing their imaginations in the pursuit of power and greed, the Whangdoodle created a magic and peaceful world over which he reigns. The professor and the","title":"The Last of the Really Great Whangdoodles"},{"id":"18384988","text":"Cammie McGovern Cammie McGovern is the author of four children's novels: The Art of Seeing, Eye Contact\", \"Neighborhood Watch\" and \"Say What You Will\". Cammie was born in Evanston, Illinois, the daughter of Katharine Wolcott (née Watts), a high school teacher, and William Montgomery McGovern, Jr., a university professor. Her older sister is actress Elizabeth McGovern. When Cammie was seven years old, her father accepted a teaching position with UCLA School of Law and the McGoverns moved to Los Angeles. Her paternal grandfather was adventurer William Montgomery McGovern, her maternal great-grandfathers were U.S. diplomat Ethelbert Watts and Admiral Charles P.","title":"Cammie McGovern"},{"id":"3927611","text":"children explore this world. Each time the children return, they venture farther and farther into Whangdoodleland, intending to reach the palace where the Last Whangdoodle resides. However, the Whangdoodle's Prime Minister, the \"Oily Prock\", does not want them to disturb His Highness, and sets up a number of traps, both in Whangdoodleland and the real world to prevent this meeting. He enlists the marvelous and funny creatures of the land in his effort, including the High Behind Splintercat, the Sidewinders, the Oinck, the Gazooks, the Tree Squeaks, and the Swamp Gaboons. The children use their imaginations, intelligence, and the friendship","title":"The Last of the Really Great Whangdoodles"},{"id":"5402875","text":"The Minpins The Minpins is a book by Roald Dahl with illustrations by Patrick Benson. It was published in 1991, a few months after Dahl's death in November 1990, and is the author's final contribution to literature after an illustrious career spanning almost half a century. The book was republished in 2017 under the title Billy and the Minpins with new illustrations by Quentin Blake. Little Billy is forbidden by his mother to enter the Forest of Sin behind his house. She tells him of the Whangdoodle, Hornswogglers, Snozzwanglers and Vermicious knids that live in the forest. Worst of all","title":"The Minpins"},{"id":"9957746","text":"the child actress Mandy Miller, who was about a year older. She frequently talks about her favourite books and dolls she played with when she was a child. She is still an avid collector of both books and dolls and she also still enjoys reading and writing. Jacky Daydream Jacky Daydream is an autobiographical book about Jacqueline Wilson's childhood, first published in 2007. The book's title refers to a nickname given to the author when she was at school. The teacher, Mr Branson (who the children nicknamed Brandy Balls) would give all the children nicknames according to their character; initially","title":"Jacky Daydream"},{"id":"5402879","text":"the world and to continue his newfound friendship with the Minpins. The Minpins The Minpins is a book by Roald Dahl with illustrations by Patrick Benson. It was published in 1991, a few months after Dahl's death in November 1990, and is the author's final contribution to literature after an illustrious career spanning almost half a century. The book was republished in 2017 under the title Billy and the Minpins with new illustrations by Quentin Blake. Little Billy is forbidden by his mother to enter the Forest of Sin behind his house. She tells him of the Whangdoodle, Hornswogglers, Snozzwanglers","title":"The Minpins"},{"id":"13061619","text":"Roberta Leigh Roberta Leigh was an assumed name for Rita Lewin (née Shulman) (22 December 1926 – 19 December 2014) was a British author, artist, composer and television producer. She wrote romance fiction and children's stories under the pseudonyms Roberta Leigh, Rachel Lindsay, Janey Scott and Rozella Lake. She published her first novel in 1950 and was still actively working on new titles until a year before her death. In addition, she created the children's puppet television series \"Sara and Hoppity\", \"Torchy the Battery Boy\", \"Wonder Boy and Tiger\", \"Send for Dithers\" and \"Space Patrol\" (the last of which she","title":"Roberta Leigh"},{"id":"9224827","text":"with the event being aired on MTV. Callaway found the singer's ability to tell a story enticing, and he got the idea to ask her about writing children's books. The publisher believed that Madonna's worldwide name recognition and cross-cultural appeal would attract an audience to a book written by her. He knew from experience that children's book critics can be fussy, but he was persistent with his idea. At the time Madonna had other commitments. It was only after her marriage to director Guy Ritchie and becoming a mother again (in 2000), she decided to take up the idea of","title":"The English Roses"},{"id":"18384989","text":"Snyder, and her maternal great-great-grandfather was congressman Charles P. Snyder.[2][3][4] She currently lives in Amherst, Massachusetts, with her husband and three sons, the oldest of whom is autistic. Many of her life experiences with her family, autism and starting Whole Children influenced her writings. Cammie McGovern Cammie McGovern is the author of four children's novels: The Art of Seeing, Eye Contact\", \"Neighborhood Watch\" and \"Say What You Will\". Cammie was born in Evanston, Illinois, the daughter of Katharine Wolcott (née Watts), a high school teacher, and William Montgomery McGovern, Jr., a university professor. Her older sister is actress Elizabeth McGovern.","title":"Cammie McGovern"},{"id":"2954361","text":"of the song \"The Big Rock Candy Mountain\" include a mention of a Whangdoodle singing in the titular hobo's paradise. This is the case in the version written down and arranged by Charles and Ruth Seeger. This version is used in the Frederic Rzewski composition for violin, piano, and percussion, entitled 'Whangdoodles'. Whangdoodle The Whangdoodle is a fanciful creature in folklore and children's literature, most notably used by British authors Roald Dahl and Julie Andrews. Popularized by a sermon parody attributed to William P. Brannan as \"Where the lion roareth and the whangdoodle mourneth for her first-born,\" published in \"The","title":"Whangdoodle"},{"id":"5836109","text":"Kids. In 1996 \"The Last Noo-Noo\" was adapted as a play and performed at the Polka Theatre, London. In 2007, Murphy received an honorary fellowship from University College Falmouth. Murphy also wrote \"Dear Hound\" in 2009 about a deerhound who goes missing after a storm and the quest for his owners to find him. Jill Murphy Jill Murphy (born 5 July 1949) is a British writer and illustrator of children's books, best known for the \"Worst Witch\" novels and the \"Large Family\" picture books. She has been called \"one of the most engaging writers and illustrators for children in the","title":"Jill Murphy"},{"id":"15556570","text":"Hiroshima. Pike now writes under the name Pai Kit Fai, which was given to him by his Chinese in-laws. Loosely translated, it means \"White Person of Letters and Grand Ambition'. He has written two books under this nom de plume, \"The Concubine's Daughter\" and \"Red Lotus\". Fiction: Non Fiction: Animated scripts: Children’s books, 1995–2001: Children’s books, 1964: \"Around the world with Unbearable Bear\" series (adapted by Laurie Sharpe): Geoffry Morgan Pike Geoffrey Morgan Pike (who writes as Geoff Pike and Pai Kit Fai) is an English-born, naturalized Australian writer and cartoonist. Born in Tottenham, Middlesex on 17 October 1929, to","title":"Geoffry Morgan Pike"},{"id":"3520654","text":"the story of a cat with a secret life, was later filmed as \"Famous Fred\" and nominated for the Academy Award for Animated Short Film and several BAFTAs. Her other children's books include \"Lulu and the Flying Babies\", \"The Chocolate Wedding\" and \"Lavender\". In the late 1990s Posy returned to the pages of \"The Guardian\" with \"Gemma Bovery\", which reworked the story of Gustave Flaubert's \"Madame Bovary\" into a satirical tale of English expatriates in France. It was published as a graphic novel in 1999 and was made into a feature film, directed by Anne Fontaine in 2014. \"Literary Life\"","title":"Posy Simmonds"},{"id":"4949721","text":"was recommended by Meg Ryan's character in the 1998 film \"You've Got Mail\". Two unpublished short stories by Streatfeild are set to be published by Virago Press in November 2018 and mid-2019 after they were discovered by Streatfeild’s nephew, William Streatfeild and Donna Coonan, the editorial director of Virago Press. Noel Streatfeild Mary Noel Streatfeild OBE (24 December 1895 –11 September 1986), was an English author, best known for children's books including the \"Shoes\" books, which were not a series. Random House, the U.S. publisher of the 1936 novel \"Ballet Shoes\" (1936), published some of Streatfeild's subsequent children's books using","title":"Noel Streatfeild"},{"id":"7765101","text":"Patty Dann Patty Dann (born October 30, 1953) is an American novelist and nonfiction writer, perhaps best known for \"Mermaids\", a coming-of-age novel about a teenage girl which was published in 1986. In 1990, it was made into a movie starring Cher, Winona Ryder, Bob Hoskins and Christina Ricci. Her most recent novel is \"Starfish, \"which is a sequel to \"Mermaids.\" Her newest book is \"The Butterfly Hours: Transforming Memories into Memoir,\" which has been chosen by Poets & Writers as One of the Best Books on Writing. \"Sweet & Crazy\" (2003) is a novel about a 39-year-old woman who","title":"Patty Dann"},{"id":"4820231","text":"The new edition also received favourable notices; in fact, it was listed as one of the \"Books of the Year\" by \"The Spectator\". Ruby Ferguson Ruby Constance Annie Ferguson (\"née\" Ashby; 28 July 1899 – 11 November 1966), was a British writer of popular fiction, including children's books, romances, and mysteries. She is best known today for her \"Jill\" books, a series of Pullein-Thompsonesque pony books for children and young adults. Ferguson was born in Hebden Bridge and raised in Reeth, North Yorkshire. Her father was the Reverend David Ashby, a Wesleyan minister, and Ferguson herself later became a lay","title":"Ruby Ferguson"},{"id":"4046255","text":"includes three sequels and has been adapted into four CBBC television series: \"\"The Story of Tracy Beaker\", \"Tracy Beaker Returns\", \"The Dumping Ground\", and \"The Tracy Beaker Survival Files\". She has written more than a hundred books over the course of her career. Jacqueline Aitken was born in Bath, Somerset, England in 1945. Her father was a civil servant; her mother was an antiques dealer. Jacqueline spent most of her childhood in Kingston upon Thames, where she went to Latchmere Primary School. She particularly enjoyed books by Noel Streatfeild, as well as American classics like \"Little Women\" and \"What Katy","title":"Jacqueline Wilson"},{"id":"8899523","text":"Mitchell Kriegman Mitchell Kriegman (born June 4, 1952) is an American television writer, director, producer, consultant, story editor, author, composer and actor. He is the creator of \"Clarissa Explains It All\" (1991) for Nickelodeon, \"Bear in the Big Blue House\" (1997) and \"The Book of Pooh\" (2001) for Disney Channel and \"It's a Big Big World\" (2006) for PBS. Kriegman's first novel was \"Being Audrey Hepburn\" (2014). A second novel, \"Things I Can't Explain\", is a reimagining of the protagonist in the \"Clarissa Explains It All\" television series, in her twenties, published in November 2015. Kriegman holds patents for a","title":"Mitchell Kriegman"},{"id":"7765104","text":"NYC.” In 2008, she married Michael Hill, a journalist. She has one son and two stepsons. Patty Dann Patty Dann (born October 30, 1953) is an American novelist and nonfiction writer, perhaps best known for \"Mermaids\", a coming-of-age novel about a teenage girl which was published in 1986. In 1990, it was made into a movie starring Cher, Winona Ryder, Bob Hoskins and Christina Ricci. Her most recent novel is \"Starfish, \"which is a sequel to \"Mermaids.\" Her newest book is \"The Butterfly Hours: Transforming Memories into Memoir,\" which has been chosen by Poets & Writers as One of the","title":"Patty Dann"},{"id":"852156","text":"by the Booker Prize committee. Mark Knopfler included a song titled 'Beryl' dedicated to her and her posthumous award on his 2015 album Tracker. In 2003, Bainbridge's grandson Charlie Russell began filming a documentary, \"Beryl's Last Year\", about her life. The documentary detailed her upbringing and her attempts to write a novel, \"Dear Brutus\" (which later became \"The Girl in the Polka Dot Dress\"); it was broadcast in the United Kingdom on 2 June 2007 on BBC Four. In 2009, Beryl Bainbridge donated the short story \"Goodnight Children, Everywhere\" to Oxfam's Ox-Tales project, four collections of UK stories written by","title":"Beryl Bainbridge"},{"id":"18978623","text":"Adrienne Kress Adrienne Kress is an award-winning, internationally published Canadian writer of Young Adult and Middle Grade fiction. Several of her books are currently attached to major Hollywood studios. She was the first children's author to join the ranks of other famous Canadian women, such as Sarah Polley, Cobie Smulders, and Feist, as a \"Toro Woman\", photographed by Frano Deleo for Toro Magazine. Adrienne Kress is a Canadian actor and author of the internationally published and award-winning children's novels \"Alex and the Ironic Gentleman (Selected by the New York Post as one of its post Harry Potter reading suggestions)\" and","title":"Adrienne Kress"},{"id":"7172830","text":"William Joyce (writer) William Edward Joyce (born December 11, 1957) is an American writer, illustrator and filmmaker. His illustrations have appeared on numerous covers of \"The New Yorker\" and his paintings are displayed nationwide. For the short film \"The Fantastic Flying Books of Mr. Morris Lessmore\" (2011), Joyce won the Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film at the 84th Academy Awards. He has written and illustrated over fifty children's books including \"George Shrinks\", \"Santa Calls\", \"Dinosaur Bob and his Adventures with the Family Lazardo\", \"Rolie Polie Olie\", \"The Leaf Men and the Brave Good Bugs\" and \"A Day with","title":"William Joyce (writer)"},{"id":"2046972","text":"Jacqueline Susann Jacqueline Susann (August 20, 1918 – September 21, 1974) was an American writer and actress. Her first novel, \"Valley of the Dolls\" (1966), is one of the best-selling books in publishing history. With her two subsequent works, \"The Love Machine\" (1969) and \"Once Is Not Enough\" (1973), Susann became the first author to have three consecutive #1 novels on \"The New York Times\" Best Seller List. Jacqueline Susann was born on August 20, 1918, in Philadelphia, a single daughter to a Jewish couple: Robert Susan (1887–1957), a portrait painter, and Rose Jans (1892–1981), a public schoolteacher. As a","title":"Jacqueline Susann"},{"id":"2046990","text":"made publishing history as the first writer to have three consecutive number one novels on the \"Times\" list. The book was filmed in 1975 by Guy Green as \"Jacqueline Susann's Once Is Not Enough\", with Kirk Douglas, Alexis Smith, Melina Mercouri, Brenda Vaccaro (in an Oscar-nominated performance), and Deborah Raffin as January. The film, executive-produced by Irving Mansfield, was not a critical favorite, but was a commercial success, grossing $15.7 million (the equivalent of $65.2 million in 2016).) Susann's final work was a novella, \"Dolores\" (Morrow), a \"roman a clef\" about Jacqueline Kennedy, originally written for the February 1974 issue","title":"Jacqueline Susann"},{"id":"4732941","text":"Geraldine McCaughrean Geraldine McCaughrean ( ; born 6 June 1951) is a British children's novelist. She has written more than 170 books, including \"Peter Pan in Scarlet\" (2004), the official sequel to \"Peter Pan\" commissioned by Great Ormond Street Hospital, the holder of Peter Pan's copyright. Her work has been translated into 44 languages worldwide. She has received the Carnegie Medal twice and the Michael L. Printz Award among others. McCaughrean was born in London and grew up in North London. She was the youngest of three children. She studied teaching but found her true vocation in writing. She claims","title":"Geraldine McCaughrean"},{"id":"4894532","text":"idealize the innocence of girls and the mother-daughter bond, for example her 1884 work \"\". During the same era, Whistler's \"Harmony in Gray and Green: Miss Cicely Alexander\" and \"The White Girl\" depict girls in the same light. The European children's literature canon includes many notable works with young female protagonists. Traditional fairy tales have preserved memorable stories about girls. Among these are \"Goldilocks and the Three Bears\", \"Rapunzel\", \"The Princess and the Pea\" and the Brothers Grimm's \"Little Red Riding Hood\". Well-known children's books about girls include \"Alice in Wonderland\", \"Heidi\", \"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\", the Nancy Drew","title":"Girl"},{"id":"3784355","text":"Rusbridger appears in the 2016 film \"Snowden\", with a cameo role as a meeting moderator. He has written three children's books, as well as being the co-author (with Ronan Bennett) of a BBC drama, \"Fields of Gold\". In 1982, he married the educationalist Lindsay Mackie. She helped found the educational charity FILMCLUB. They have two daughters (born 1983 and May 1986). His daughter Isabella Rusbridger is also a journalist and is known professionally as \"Bella Mackie\" to distinguish herself from her father. Rusbridger received an Honorary Doctorate of Letters from the University of Lincoln in September 2009, from the University","title":"Alan Rusbridger"},{"id":"1882342","text":"characters are said by Halliwell to be loosely based on Gordon Ramsay, George Michael, Marilyn Monroe, Vincent van Gogh, Wayne Rooney, and the character Justin Suarez from the TV series \"Ugly Betty\". According to the official site, the book sold more than 250,000 copies in its first five months, making its author Halliwell 2008's most successful female celebrity children's author. In 2010, Halliwell partnered with British retailer Next to create a swimwear collection named \"Geri by Next\". This was followed by a Union Jack-motif clothing range in 2012, inspired by Halliwell's famous 1997 Union Jack dress. In 1999, Halliwell became","title":"Geri Halliwell"},{"id":"14716949","text":"languages worldwide, including over 6 million books in print in the U.S. The series of books are highly collectible and regularly featured in children’s bestseller lists. Georgie Ripper Georgie Ripper (born London, 1977) is a children's book illustrator known for her work on the \"Rainbow Magic\" series of fairy books. She won the Macmillan Prize for Picture Book Illustration in 2000 with \"My Best Friend Bob\" and \"Little Brown Bushrat\" which she authored and illustrated. She has also illustrated \"A Dog Called Whatnot\" and \"Whatnot Takes Charge\" which were written by Linda Newbery. She graduated from Anglia Ruskin University where","title":"Georgie Ripper"},{"id":"9430219","text":"Dreams\", which was named a New York Times \"Best Illustrated Book\". \"Mr. Lunch Takes a Plane Ride\" won a Cuffie Award from Publisher's Weekly; Mr. Lunch won for most memorable character in a lead role. \"Olive, the Other Reindeer\" was a New York Times Bestseller and the movie version was nominated for an Emmy Award. Vivian Walsh (author) Vivian Walsh is a children's book author. Her best selling book \"Olive, the Other Reindeer\" is based on her real life Jack Russell Terrier. The dog, Olive, was later portrayed (with the voice of Drew Barrymore) in the animated version of the","title":"Vivian Walsh (author)"},{"id":"7838113","text":"later formed the basis for two books, \"Cricket Mad\" and \"Football Daft\". In the 1980s, Parkinson wrote a series of children's books called \"The Woofits\" about a family of anthropomorphic dog-like creatures in the fictional Yorkshire coal-mining village of Grimeworth. The books led to a TV series, which he narrated. He wrote a sports column for the \"Daily Telegraph\" and is president of the Sports Journalists' Association. His book \"Parky: My Autobiography\" was published on 2 October 2008. In April 2009, Parkinson wrote about the recently deceased Jade Goody in \"Radio Times\". He described her as \"barely educated, ignorant and","title":"Michael Parkinson"},{"id":"4859153","text":"her experience in the Holocaust, a project that had been in the works for five years. Character design and storyboards were created by two-time Academy Award-nominated filmmaker Bill Plympton. The film is directed by Kevin Sean Michaels; co-produced and co-written by Jud Newborn, Holocaust expert and author, \"Sophie Scholl and the White Rose\"; and drawn by 10-year-old animator, Perry Chen. There will be a feature-length documentary, also by Michaels, to follow. Ingrid Pitt Ingoushka Pitt (née Petrov; 21 November 193723 November 2010), known professionally as Ingrid Pitt, was a Polish-British actress, author, and writer best known for her work in","title":"Ingrid Pitt"},{"id":"4981436","text":"40 years working as a marketing coordinator for the Fort Bragg-Mendocino Coast Chamber of Commerce. King privately published a small book \"Bonnie Blue Butler: A Gone With the Wind Memoir\" in 2009, mainly selling copies directly to fans via personal appearances and the internet. King died on September 1, 2010, at her home in Fort Bragg, California, at age 76, from lung cancer, survived by her two children Matthew Ned Conlon of Chicago and Katie Conlon Byrne of Hawaii. Cammie King Eleanore Cammack \"Cammie\" King (August 5, 1934 – September 1, 2010) was an American child actress. She is best","title":"Cammie King"},{"id":"11048245","text":"of the Year\"; the 1999 Times Educational Supplement Junior Music Book Award for \"Three Rapping Rats\"; the 2005 Spoken Word Award for the audio version of \"The Silver Spoon Of Solomon Snow\", read by Rik Mayall. Kaye Umansky Kaye Umansky (; born 6 December 1946) is an English children's author and poet. She has written over 130 books for children and her work ranges from picture books to novels. She is best known for the Pongwiffy Series. Kaye Umansky was born in Plymouth, Devon. Her mother was a music teacher and encouraged her to play from a young age and","title":"Kaye Umansky"},{"id":"2047003","text":"called \"See How Beautiful I Am: The Return of Jackie Susann\", during which a dying Susann discusses her life and career. The show was performed as part of the Edinburgh Festival in 2001 as well as the New York International Fringe Festival in 2008. Jacqueline Susann Jacqueline Susann (August 20, 1918 – September 21, 1974) was an American writer and actress. Her first novel, \"Valley of the Dolls\" (1966), is one of the best-selling books in publishing history. With her two subsequent works, \"The Love Machine\" (1969) and \"Once Is Not Enough\" (1973), Susann became the first author to have","title":"Jacqueline Susann"},{"id":"7232753","text":"Your Life\" when Lord Yehudi Menuhin, Sir Georg Solti and Lord Runcie joined many celebrities, friends and former pupils to pay tribute to her life's work with children and music. Ann is also a successful writer and her ten \"Famous Children\" books are best sellers worldwide. They have been translated into 17 languages, including Indonesian, Finnish, Czech and two Chinese versions. She is an EMI recording artist, specialising in Classical Music and Stories for children. Ann Rachlin is an acknowledged authority on the Victorian actress Dame Ellen Terry and her daughter Edith Craig. For more than thirty years, Ann has","title":"Ann Rachlin"},{"id":"16707235","text":"Teddybears (TV series) Teddybears was a children's television programme broadcast on ITV from 1997 to 2000, based on the books by Susanna Gretz. The show was about the life of five coloured teddy bears and their dog Fred. The show was filmed by Meridian Broadcasting. Journalists have compared \"Teddybears\" as being similar to \"Teletubbies\". \"Teddybears\" is based on Susanna Gretz and Alison Sage's teddy bear books, the first of which was published almost 30 years before the TV programme's creation. \"Teddybear\"s inaugural season began on 5 January 1998. A 1999 article in the \"Bristol Post\" said \"Teddybears\" \"have become a","title":"Teddybears (TV series)"},{"id":"17141790","text":"as well as many theatrical stage plays. Up until her 85th birthday in 1973, she was very active within the entertainment circle and would not entertain the prospect of retirement, despite self-admitted signs of \"phasing out\". Her final film appearance was in \"The Odd Angry Shot\". In her later years, she gradually declined from acting and instead started writing children's books, such as the series \"Shelley\" (which was based on her granddaughter), under the pseudonym of Ellen Bosworth. Many of her books were best-sellers in Australia. During her lifetime, Lorimer also worked as a teacher and a theosophist. Lorimer was","title":"Enid Lorimer"},{"id":"18978626","text":"Conan Doyle into \"The Friday Society\". According to Variety and The Hollywood Reporter, the film rights to \"Alex and the Ironic Gentleman\" have been bought by The Weinstein Company. According to Variety and Quill and Quire, Disney is adapting \"The Explorers\" with Academy Award Nominee Michael De Luca attached as producer. Adrienne Kress Adrienne Kress is an award-winning, internationally published Canadian writer of Young Adult and Middle Grade fiction. Several of her books are currently attached to major Hollywood studios. She was the first children's author to join the ranks of other famous Canadian women, such as Sarah Polley, Cobie","title":"Adrienne Kress"},{"id":"16038145","text":"story, White said this \"flitting back and forth\" is an insurmountable \"structural problem\" that is \"intensely wearing\". Rachel Brown of \"The Atlantic\" thought that \"it makes perfect sense that Colin Meloy, the loquacious and imaginative lead singer of the quirky The Decemberists, would write a children's book.\" In contrast, critic Anna Minard from Seattle's \"The Stranger\" and Patrick Ness, in \"The Guardian\", feared that \"Wildwood\" could be one more of a stream of \"baldly mediocre books written by celebrities\", citing children's books by Joy Behar, Jerry Seinfeld, Jimmy Fallon, Gloria Estefan, and Madonna. Minard and Ness also worried that the","title":"Wildwood (novel)"},{"id":"8789257","text":"role, Anne, in the feature film \"Father\" (1990) in which she starred opposite Max von Sydow. Amongst many other film and television series, she has appeared in Stanley Kubrick's \"A Clockwork Orange\" (1971), \"Queen Kong\" (1976), \"The Shout\" (1978), \"Father\" (1990), and the film adaptation of Beryl Bainbridge's novel \"An Awfully Big Adventure\" (1995), directed by Mike Newell and starring Hugh Grant and Alan Rickman. She has written a number of children's books, including her first, \"The Haunted School\", which was produced as a television mini-series and film. Bought by Disney, it won the Chicago International Film Festival Gold Award","title":"Carol Drinkwater"},{"id":"7550638","text":"Natalie Babbitt Natalie Zane Babbitt (née Moore; July 28, 1932 – October 31, 2016) was an American writer and illustrator of children's books. Her acclaimed 1975 novel \"Tuck Everlasting\" has been adapted into two feature films and a Broadway musical. She received the Newbery Honor and Christopher Award, and was the U.S. nominee for the biennial international Hans Christian Andersen Award in 1982. Natalie Moore was born in Dayton, Ohio, on July 28, 1932, Babbitt studied at Laurel School in Cleveland and Smith College in Northampton, Massachusetts. She was married to Samuel Fisher Babbitt, and the couple had three children,","title":"Natalie Babbitt"},{"id":"2798566","text":"has described herself as an atheist. Her autobiography \"Cloris: My Autobiography\" was published in March 2009. She wrote the bestselling book with Englund, her former husband. Leachman's granddaughter, Anabel Englund, is a singer. In addition to Anabel, Leachman has five other grandchildren—Portia, Skye, Arielle, Jackson, and Hallelujah—and one great-grandson, Braden. Cloris Leachman Cloris Leachman (born April 30, 1926) is an American actress and comedian. In a career spanning over seven decades she has won eight Primetime Emmy Awards (record tied with Julia Louis-Dreyfus), a Daytime Emmy Award, and an Academy Award for her role in \"The Last Picture Show\" (1971).","title":"Cloris Leachman"},{"id":"4046254","text":"Jacqueline Wilson Dame Jacqueline Wilson (née Aitken; born 17 December 1945) is an English novelist who writes for children's literature. As her children's novels frequently feature themes of adoption, divorce, and mental illness, they attract controversy. Four of her books appear in the BBC's The Big Read poll of the 100 most popular books in the UK. For her lifetime contribution as a children's writer, Wilson was a UK nominee for the international Hans Christian Andersen Award in 2014. Wilson is the author of many book series. Her \"Tracy Beaker\" series, inaugurated in 1991 with \"The Story of Tracy Beaker\",","title":"Jacqueline Wilson"},{"id":"10146586","text":"Primrose Cumming Primrose Cumming (1915–2004) was a British writer of children's books. Her writing career spanned over 30 years, and produced some fine examples of the pony book genre, combining accurate observation of human and equine with a certain wry humour. In her most sought-after title \"Silver Snaffles\", Tattles is brilliantly observed: by turns tetchy and patient, he is the archetypal family pony who has long-sufferingly taught generations of children to ride; in contrast, Smug, the evil pony in \"Silver Eagle Carries On\" has a mind strictly her own: “Smug, of course, had no intention of jumping anything, but she","title":"Primrose Cumming"},{"id":"1625196","text":"2002, her book \"Gooney Bird Greene\" won the Rhode Island Children's Book Award. In 2011 she gave the May Hill Arbuthnot Lecture; her lecture was titled \"Unleaving: The Staying Power of Gold\". In 2014, Lowry was awarded an honorary Doctorate of Letters by Brown University. In 2014, a film of 'The Giver' starring Jeff Bridges and Meryl Streep was released to mixed reviews. An animated film of Lowry's book 'The Willoughbys' will be a Netflix film in 2020. Lois Lowry Lois Lowry (born Lois Ann Hammersberg; March 20, 1937) is an American writer credited with forty-five children's books. She has","title":"Lois Lowry"},{"id":"14716948","text":"Georgie Ripper Georgie Ripper (born London, 1977) is a children's book illustrator known for her work on the \"Rainbow Magic\" series of fairy books. She won the Macmillan Prize for Picture Book Illustration in 2000 with \"My Best Friend Bob\" and \"Little Brown Bushrat\" which she authored and illustrated. She has also illustrated \"A Dog Called Whatnot\" and \"Whatnot Takes Charge\" which were written by Linda Newbery. She graduated from Anglia Ruskin University where she studied Illustration. Her books have sold over 10 million copies in the UK. A publishing phenomenon, “Rainbow Magic” has sold 20+ million copies in 31","title":"Georgie Ripper"},{"id":"4064045","text":"Sterling (Vice Captain), Richard \"Dickie\" and Mary Morton, Thomas \"Tom\" Ingles, Jenny Harman, Jonathan \"Jon\" Warrender, Penelope \"Penny\" Warrender and Harriet Sparrow. Macbeth, or \"Mackie\", is the Morton's Scottish terrier and is present in all books. Notes Bibliography Lone Pine (books) Lone Pine is a series of children's books written by English author Malcolm Saville. Although they were written over a 35-year timespan, between 1943 and 1978, the characters only age by a few years in the course of the series. The earlier books evoke visions of an outdoor 1940s and '50s childhood reminiscent of Enid Blyton's Famous Five books,","title":"Lone Pine (books)"},{"id":"6547086","text":"Linda Chapman Linda Anne Chapman (born 15 January 1969 in Liverpool) is a British writer, principally of series for younger children. She is particularly known for her fantasy books about unicorns, mermaids and magic. She also writes the Spell Sisters series as Amber Castle and the Superpowers series as Alex Cliff (her own pseudonyms). She has written several of the series books published under the names Lucy Daniels, Jenny Dale (Puppy Patrol), Katie Chase (Little Princesses), Daisy Meadows (Rainbow Magic), and Lauren Brooke, either as part of a collective pseudonym or as a ghostwriter. She has written \"about 200\" books.","title":"Linda Chapman"},{"id":"19972180","text":"Jeraldine Saunders Jeraldine Saunders (born Geraldine Loretta Glynn; September 3, 1923) is an American writer and lecturer, best known as the creator of \"The Love Boat\", an ABC Television series and its associated made-for-TV films portraying the humorous and romantic adventures of various itinerant passengers. The program was based on her 1974 book, \"Love Boats\", her anecdotal account of her time employed as the first full time female cruise director. Saunders is currently the author of Omarr’s Astrological Forecast, a nationally syndicated horoscope column read by hundreds of thousands worldwide and that was originally created by Sydney Omarr, to whom","title":"Jeraldine Saunders"},{"id":"8198249","text":"a 2013 pick for their Best Books for Babies list. Cousins' character, Maisy, was featured on a postage stamp published by the U.S. Postal Service in their 2006 Favorite Children's Book Animals Series. Cousins won a Booktrust Best Book Award (BBA) in 2014 for \"Peck,Peck,Peck\". Lucy Cousins Elizabeth 'Lucy' Cousins (born 10 February 1964) is an English author and illustrator of children's books. She is best known for her books featuring Maisy Mouse, but she has also published other children's books, such as \"Jazzy in the Jungle\" (2002) and one about Noah's Ark. She lives in Hampshire, England. Cousins, whose","title":"Lucy Cousins"},{"id":"3729331","text":"Monica Edwards Monica Edwards (née Monica le Doux Newton; 8 November 1912 – 18 January 1998) was an English children's writer of the mid-twentieth century best known for her Romney Marsh and Punchbowl Farm series of children's novels. She was born in Belper, Derbyshire on 8 November 1912, the third of four children born to the Reverend Harry and Beryl Newton. The family moved to Wakefield, Yorkshire in 1919. As well as being a vicar, Harry Newton was a diocesan exorcist and often took his children with him when performing exorcisms. In 1927 the family moved to Rye Harbour in","title":"Monica Edwards"},{"id":"13508084","text":"stating \"the film is an ingenious entertainment machine fuelled by a profound understanding of what children enjoy, whether it's cowpats, talking welly boots or piglets doing synchronised swimming. Thompson has written a properly funny script, which is performed superbly by Ifans, Maggie Smith, Bill Bailey, Ralph Fiennes and some estimable child actors.\" Eros Vlahos was nominated for Best Leading Young Actor at the Young Artist Awards 2011 against Noah Ringer for \"The Last Airbender\", Zachary Gordon for \"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\" and Jaden Smith (winner) for \"The Karate Kid\". In the UK, the film opened at number one, with","title":"Nanny McPhee and the Big Bang"},{"id":"9430217","text":"Vivian Walsh (author) Vivian Walsh is a children's book author. Her best selling book \"Olive, the Other Reindeer\" is based on her real life Jack Russell Terrier. The dog, Olive, was later portrayed (with the voice of Drew Barrymore) in the animated version of the picture book. The TV special was produced by Matt Groening, creator of the Simpsons. Ms. Walsh states that when she lived in New York City, her picture book heroes, like the people around her, were all workaholics. The \"Mr. Lunch\" series begins with this line, \"Mr. Lunch was very good at chasing birds, in fact","title":"Vivian Walsh (author)"},{"id":"8966911","text":"their symbiotic collaboration, until the death of Janet in 1979, there was never a book illustrated under either one of their names alone. The first important book the twins worked on was \"The Hundred and One Dalmatians\" by Dodie Smith, who was already a very successful playwright and author. In 1956 she invited them to illustrate her first children's book, and it was an immediate success, captivating parents and children alike. Eventually, Smith's book was made into a feature-length animated film by Walt Disney. The twins' further success with later Smith books, \"The Starlight Barking\" and \"The Midnight Kittens\", made","title":"Janet and Anne Grahame Johnstone"},{"id":"13925857","text":"12 years old; Richard, 10, and Johnny, 8, were the children of Jim Abbe, an itinerant photographer, and his wife, the former Polly Platt, once a Ziegfeld girl. Prodded by their mother, the children dictated their memoirs, which Bye sold as \"Around the World in Eleven Years\". According to the Abbe family, Patience Abbe was the primary author. The book was a surprise hit. In 1954, Bye arranged the sale to Hollywood of Lindbergh's best-selling autobiography, \"The Spirit of St. Louis\", for more than $1,000,000. But Bye was initially unenthusiastic about Laura Ingalls Wilder, commenting that the manuscript of her","title":"George T. Bye"},{"id":"10924093","text":"Wintle's Wonders Wintle's Wonders is a children's novel about a theatrical troupe by Noel Streatfeild. It was first published in 1957, and in 1958 was published in the US as Dancing Shoes, a title which has also been used in more recent UK editions. A number of Streatfeild's children's novels have undergone similar retitling, linking them to her most successful book, \"Ballet Shoes\". \"Wintle's Wonders\" draws on the author's own acting experience, and revisits the type of theatrical establishment seen in her adult novels \"The Whicharts\" and \"It Pays to be Good\". As the book begins, Rachel Lennox and her","title":"Wintle's Wonders"},{"id":"15831717","text":"Janette Sebring Lowrey Janette Sebring Lowrey (March 2, 1892 – March 17, 1986) was an American children's writer, best known for writing the beloved children's classic, \"The Poky Little Puppy\". Janette Sebring Lowrey was born in Orange, Texas. Lowrey wrote dozens of books aimed at children and young adults from the 1930s to the 1970s, but \"The Poky Little Puppy\" remains her best known, selling over 15 million copies worldwide. Another well-known work of hers was \"Margaret\", a historical fiction young adult novel, which was published in 1950. It was adapted into \"\", a TV serial which aired on \"The","title":"Janette Sebring Lowrey"},{"id":"13061620","text":"also wrote and produced). Best known as Roberta Leigh, she was born Rita Shulman in London to sometimes-poor Jewish parents who had emigrated from Russia. In 1948, she married Michael Lewin, with whom she had one son, and was widowed in 1981. She died age 87 on 19 December 2014. Leigh wrote her first romantic fiction at age 14, while still a schoolgirl at St Mary’s convent in Rhyl. She published a romance in 1950 as Roberta Leigh, the first of over 160 novels. She also published children's books and romances under the pseudonyms Janey Scott, Rachel Lindsay and Rozella","title":"Roberta Leigh"},{"id":"16707239","text":"and Lee Crowley all worked on the series. Teddybears (TV series) Teddybears was a children's television programme broadcast on ITV from 1997 to 2000, based on the books by Susanna Gretz. The show was about the life of five coloured teddy bears and their dog Fred. The show was filmed by Meridian Broadcasting. Journalists have compared \"Teddybears\" as being similar to \"Teletubbies\". \"Teddybears\" is based on Susanna Gretz and Alison Sage's teddy bear books, the first of which was published almost 30 years before the TV programme's creation. \"Teddybear\"s inaugural season began on 5 January 1998. A 1999 article in","title":"Teddybears (TV series)"},{"id":"9224847","text":"adoption of her son David from Malawi. She continued publishing chapter books in the series, with another 12 books published from 2007–2008. The English Roses The English Roses is a children's picture book written by American entertainer Madonna, released on September 15, 2003, by Callaway Arts & Entertainment. The publishing company's owner Nicholas Callaway had always wanted the singer to write a children's book. Madonna took up the opportunity after her second marriage and being inspired by her Kabbalah teacher and her studies of Jewish mysticism. She wanted to write stories where the female protagonists have a more active role","title":"The English Roses"},{"id":"12718489","text":"Aaron Blabey Aaron Blabey (born 1974) is an Australian author of children's books and artist, who until the mid-2000s was also an actor. He is the creator of two best-selling children's series; \"Pig the Pug\" – a picture book series about a mean-spirited little dog – and \"The Bad Guys\" – a New York Times bestselling graphic novel series for junior readers about a gang of scary-looking animals trying to change their bad reputations. In March 2018 it was announced that a film adaptation of \"The Bad Guys\" is in development at DreamWorks Animation with Blabey serving as an Executive","title":"Aaron Blabey"},{"id":"4312439","text":"Twinkle Khanna Twinkle Khanna (born Tina Jatin Khanna on 29 December 1973) is an Indian author, newspaper columnist, film producer, former film actress and interior designer. Her first book \"Mrs Funnybones\" sold over one hundred thousand copies, making her India's highest-selling female writer of 2015. She repeated the success with her second book, \"The Legend of Lakshmi Prasad\", which also went on to sell over 100,000 copies by August 2017. She won the Crossword Book Award 2016 for Mrs Funnybones. Salaam Noni Appa, a story from the anthology has been adapted into a play directed by Lillette Dubey. She is","title":"Twinkle Khanna"},{"id":"2954360","text":"introduced to the protagonists Ben, Tom, and Lindy, and thus to the reader, by the geneticist 'Professor Savant', a scholar of the Whangdoodle and its secret domain. Attempting to visit both, the scientist and children are opposed by the antagonist 'Prock' (the Whangdoodle's second-in-command), until his resources are exhausted by their tenacity. With Prock persuaded to grant their passage, the children discover that the Whangdoodle is oppressed by want of a mate, and convince Savant to create the latter. With this done, the two Whangdoodles are wedded at a great celebration, and the children return to their home. Some versions","title":"Whangdoodle"},{"id":"5397034","text":"considered attending graduate school and perhaps working in languages for the U.S. State Department. However, she decided to give an acting career a chance. Within a short time, Peete found roles on a television series and in two films. Peete's children's book, \"My Brother Charlie\", won her an NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Literary Work in March 2011. In 2012 the book was awarded the Dolly Gray Children's Literature Award. In March 2016, a reality series debuted entitled \"For Peete's Sake\", documenting the everyday life of her family. Peete was born in Mount Airy, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, to Dolores and Matt","title":"Holly Robinson Peete"},{"id":"12584070","text":"Robert Quackenbush Robert Mead Quackenbush (born July 23, 1929) is an American author and illustrator of children's books. As of 1999, he had authored 110 books and illustrated 60 more. He has written about many historical figures, such as \"Quick, Anne, Give Me a Catchy Line\", a children's book about the life and works of Samuel F. B. Morse (inventor of the telegraph), and \"Mark Twain? What Kind of Name Is That? : a story of Samuel Langhorne Clemens\", published in 1984. His most widely known book, \"Henry's Awful Mistake\", published by Parents Magazine Press in 1980, is present in","title":"Robert Quackenbush"},{"id":"4312452","text":"removal of a kidney stone. She has maintained a Twitter account since November 2014. Twinkle Khanna Twinkle Khanna (born Tina Jatin Khanna on 29 December 1973) is an Indian author, newspaper columnist, film producer, former film actress and interior designer. Her first book \"Mrs Funnybones\" sold over one hundred thousand copies, making her India's highest-selling female writer of 2015. She repeated the success with her second book, \"The Legend of Lakshmi Prasad\", which also went on to sell over 100,000 copies by August 2017. She won the Crossword Book Award 2016 for Mrs Funnybones. Salaam Noni Appa, a story from","title":"Twinkle Khanna"},{"id":"2163736","text":"She has also hosted a Sesame Street special, \"When Families Grieve\". The special, which aired on PBS on April 14, 2010, dealt with the issues that children go through when a parent dies. On February 6, 2011, Couric guest-starred on the post-Super Bowl episode of \"Glee\", playing herself interviewing Sue Sylvester after the cheerleading team lost the championship. Sylvester sarcastically referred to Couric as \"Diane Sawyer\" during the segment. Couric is the author of two children's books and a non-fiction collection of essays. Her children's books \"The Brand New Kid\" (2000) and \"The Blue Ribbon Day\" (2004) were illustrated by","title":"Katie Couric"},{"id":"1697697","text":"P. L. Travers Pamela Lyndon Travers, (; born Helen Lyndon Goff; 9 August 1899 – 23 April 1996), was an Australian-born British writer who spent most of her career in England. She is best known for the \"Mary Poppins\" series of children's books, which feature the magical nanny Mary Poppins. Goff was born in Maryborough, Queensland, and grew up in the Australian bush before being sent to boarding school in Sydney. Her writing was first published as a teenager, and she also worked briefly as a professional Shakespearean actress. Upon emigrating to England at the age of 25, she took","title":"P. L. Travers"},{"id":"15831718","text":"Mickey Mouse Club\" in 1958. Despite her success as an author, Lowrey herself remained in relative obscurity. Janette Sebring Lowrey Janette Sebring Lowrey (March 2, 1892 – March 17, 1986) was an American children's writer, best known for writing the beloved children's classic, \"The Poky Little Puppy\". Janette Sebring Lowrey was born in Orange, Texas. Lowrey wrote dozens of books aimed at children and young adults from the 1930s to the 1970s, but \"The Poky Little Puppy\" remains her best known, selling over 15 million copies worldwide. Another well-known work of hers was \"Margaret\", a historical fiction young adult novel,","title":"Janette Sebring Lowrey"},{"id":"893980","text":"Cate Tiernan Cate Tiernan (born July 24, 1961) is the pen name of Gabrielle Charbonnet, an American author. Writing as Cate Tiernan, she is best known for her \"Sweep\" series, which follows the Wiccan adventures of a cast of high school students. The stories are sold as the \"Wicca\" series in the UK, Belgium, The Netherlands and Australia, and as \"White Magic\" (\"Magie Blanche\") in Italy and France. Under her own name, she is chiefly known for children's books in the \"Princess\", \"American Gold Gymnasts\", and \"Disney Girls\" series. In 2008 and 2009, Charbonnet collaborated with author James Patterson on","title":"Cate Tiernan"},{"id":"17792435","text":"1907: 1908: 1909: 1910: 1911: 1912: 1913: 1914: 1915: 1917: 1918: 1920: 1921: 1922: 1923: 1925: 1926: 1927: 1928: 1929: 1930: 1931: 1932: 1933: 1934: 1935: 1936: 1937: 1938: 1940: 1941: 1942: 1943: 1945: 1946: 1947: 1949: 1950: 1951: 1955: 1957: 1959: 1962: 1963: 1964: 1965: 1966: 1969: 1970: 1971: 1972: 1975: 1976: 1977: 1978: 1979: 1980: 1982: 1983: 1984: 1987: 1988: 1994: 1996: 2001: 2005–2006: 2006: 2011: 2013: 2016: Timeline of women's education This is a timeline of women's education. 1237 1239 1608 1636 1639 1644 1674 1678 1685 1727 1732 1742 1751 1783 1786 1787 1788 1803 1818","title":"Timeline of women's education"},{"id":"10915961","text":"that had meant so much to them both. Eventually in 1994, spurred on by decades of letters and pleas from fans now grown up and wishing to share Pookie with their own children, Ivy and her daughters relaunched Pookie Productions Ltd, and republished her books which once again became international bestsellers. The Animal Shelf, animated by award-winning Cosgrove Hall Films, was a Children's BAFTA-nominated TV series on CITV, running to 52 episodes and broadcast in over 50 countries. In 1997 Ivy was the subject of the BBC Scotland documentary “Pookie Flies Again”. An exhibition of her life and work 'The","title":"Ivy Wallace"},{"id":"16577683","text":"in 2009. Lady Gaga, a multiplatinum-selling singer and LGBT rights activist, came out as bisexual in 2009. Jack Gantos is an American author of children's books renowned for his fictional character Joey Pigza, a boy with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Gantos has won several literary awards, including the Newbery Honor, the Newbery Medal, the Printz Honor, and the Sibert Honor from the American Library Association. Angelina Jolie, an Academy Award-winning actress, came out as bisexual in 2003. When asked if she was bisexual, Jolie responded, \"Of course. If I fell in love with a woman tomorrow, would I feel that it's","title":"Bisexuality in the United States"},{"id":"12486983","text":"CERN following construction of the Large Hadron Collider. Hawking quickly conceded that he had lost his bet and said that Higgs should win the Nobel Prize for Physics, which he did in 2013. In 2007, Hawking and his daughter Lucy published \"George's Secret Key to the Universe\", a children's book designed to explain theoretical physics in an accessible fashion and featuring characters similar to those in the Hawking family. The book was followed by sequels in 2009, 2011, 2014 and 2016. In 2002, following a UK-wide vote, the BBC included Hawking in their list of the 100 Greatest Britons. He","title":"Stephen Hawking"},{"id":"6153454","text":"Lionel Shriver Lionel Shriver (born May 18, 1957) is an American journalist and author who lives in the United Kingdom. She is best known for her novel \"We Need to Talk About Kevin\", which won the Orange Prize for Fiction in 2005 and was adapted into the 2011 film of the same name, starring Tilda Swinton. Shriver was born Margaret Ann Shriver on May 18, 1957, in Gastonia, North Carolina, to a deeply religious family (her father is a Presbyterian minister). At age 15, she informally changed her name from Margaret Ann to Lionel because she did not like the","title":"Lionel Shriver"},{"id":"10876837","text":"Since \"Party Girl\", Von Scherler Mayer has been writing and directing films, as well as directing television productions. Von Scherler Mayer directed \"Madeline\", a 1998 film based on Ludwig Bemelmans’ famous children’s books about the adventures of a young redhaired French girl. \"Madeline\" starred Frances McDormand, Nigel Hawthorne and Hatty Jones as Madeline. Von Scherler Mayer is married to film composer David Carbonara, with whom she has two daughters. Daisy von Scherler Mayer Daisy von Scherler Mayer, sometimes credited as Daisy Mayer (born 1965) is an American film and television director. Mayer is the daughter of actress Sasha von Scherler","title":"Daisy von Scherler Mayer"},{"id":"4820224","text":"Ruby Ferguson Ruby Constance Annie Ferguson (\"née\" Ashby; 28 July 1899 – 11 November 1966), was a British writer of popular fiction, including children's books, romances, and mysteries. She is best known today for her \"Jill\" books, a series of Pullein-Thompsonesque pony books for children and young adults. Ferguson was born in Hebden Bridge and raised in Reeth, North Yorkshire. Her father was the Reverend David Ashby, a Wesleyan minister, and Ferguson herself later became a lay officer of the Methodist church. She received her education at Bradford Girls Grammar School and then at St Hilda's College at the University","title":"Ruby Ferguson"},{"id":"9696621","text":"Ellen Conford Ellen Conford (March 20, 1942 – March 20, 2015) was an author for children and young adults. Among her writings are the \"Annabel the Actress\" and \"Jenny Archer\" series. Her books have won the Best Book of the Year Citation, Best Book of the International Interest Citation, Best Book of the Year for Children, Parents' Choice Award, and more. Several of her stories have been adapted for television, sometimes by Conford herself. Her children's book \"And This is Laura\" and the story \"Revenge of the Incredible Dr. Rancid and His Youthful Assistant, Jeffrey\" became ABC Weekend Specials, while","title":"Ellen Conford"},{"id":"5899679","text":"further eight books, illustrated by Garth Williams, who had previously illustrated other children's classics like \"Charlotte's Web\" and \"Stuart Little,\" and Erik Blegvad. In 1977 Walt Disney Productions released the animated feature film \"The Rescuers\", which had critical acclaim and financial success when it was released, followed by a sequel, \"The Rescuers Down Under\" in 1990. Sharp died in Aldeburgh, Suffolk on 14 March 1991. In 2008 all of her adult books except for \"The Eye of Love\" were out of print, but in 2016 Kindle editions of ten of her novels were issued. Margery Sharp Clara Margery Melita Sharp","title":"Margery Sharp"},{"id":"8248682","text":"Barbara Cooney Barbara Cooney (August 6, 1917 – March 10, 2000) was an American writer and illustrator of 110 children's books, published over sixty years. She received two Caldecott Medals for her work on \"Chanticleer and the Fox\" (1958) and \"Ox-Cart Man\" (1979), and a National Book Award for \"Miss Rumphius\" (1982). Her books have been translated into 10 languages. For her contribution as a children's illustrator, Cooney was the U.S. nominee in 1994 for the biennial, international Hans Christian Andersen Award, the highest international recognition for creators of children's books. Cooney was born on 6 August 1917 in Room","title":"Barbara Cooney"},{"id":"605541","text":"Amy Tan Amy Tan (born February 19, 1952) is an American writer whose works explore mother-daughter relationships and the Chinese American experience. Her novel \"The Joy Luck Club\" was adapted into a film in 1993 by director Wayne Wang. Tan has written several other novels, including \"The Kitchen God's Wife\", \"The Hundred Secret Senses\", \"The Bonesetter's Daughter\", \"Saving Fish from Drowning\", and \"The Valley of Amazement\". Tan's latest book is a memoir entitled \"Where The Past Begins: A Writer's Memoir\" (2017). In addition to these, Tan has written two children's books: \"The Moon Lady\" (1992) and \"Sagwa, the Chinese Siamese","title":"Amy Tan"},{"id":"10507548","text":"Martha MacIsaac Martha MacIsaac (born October 11, 1984) is a Canadian actress. She has appeared in several feature films, including \"Superbad\" (2007), \"The Last House on the Left\" (2009), \"Dead Before Dawn\" (2012), and, most recently, \"Battle of the Sexes\" (2017). She has also worked in television and as a voice actress. MacIsaac was born and raised in Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, the youngest of three girls; her mother Irene was one of twelve. MacIsaac started her career playing Emily Byrd Starr in the \"Emily of New Moon\" television series, based on the books by Lucy Maud Montgomery. She has","title":"Martha MacIsaac"},{"id":"3729341","text":"By Publishers in February 2010. Brian Parks' Companion to the Romney Marsh series of books was published in July 2006. Monica Edwards' last new title (Badger Valley) was published in 1976. She spent the next twenty years in traveling, reading and studying natural history. Bill Edwards died in October 1990 and Monica in January 1998. Monica Edwards Monica Edwards (née Monica le Doux Newton; 8 November 1912 – 18 January 1998) was an English children's writer of the mid-twentieth century best known for her Romney Marsh and Punchbowl Farm series of children's novels. She was born in Belper, Derbyshire on","title":"Monica Edwards"},{"id":"15629120","text":"Awards, Echo Awards, and Connecticut Press Club. She is a member of WoVO(World Voices Organization, for professional international Voice Talents). In 2011 she narrated the 40-minute, National Science Foundation founded documentary \"Ease the Quiet Storm\". Since the early 1990s Kaye has narrated dozens of children's books for several well-known authors, including the 1991 children's book \"Zoo\" by Gail Gibbons, \"Walter the Farting Dog\" by William Kotzwinkle, the 1994 version of David Small's \"Imogene's Antler\", the 1997 audiobook of \"A Picture Book of Eleanor Roosevelt\" by David A. Adler, the 2001 book \"Hedgie's Surprise\" by award-winner Jan Brett, and 2007's \"The","title":"Randye Kaye"},{"id":"6123277","text":"First Lady Laura Bush. She moved into the White House as a ten-week-old puppy on January 6, 2005, shortly before the beginning of President Bush's second term in office. The First Lady and her daughters Barbara and Jenna Bush named their new dog after a character from Oliver Butterworth's 1956 children's book, \"The Enormous Egg\". Miss Beazley and the Bushes' first Scottish Terrier, Barney, became well known United States presidential pets. In 2005, Miss Beazley and Barney were featured in the White House Christmas video, \"A Very Beazley Christmas\", for her first holiday in the White House. Miss Beazley continued","title":"Miss Beazley (dog)"},{"id":"2220646","text":"MacDonald's book, \"Anybody Can Do Anything\". In September 2016, Annie Parnell, MacDonald's great-granddaughter, published a follow-up to the series, \"Missy Piggle-Wiggle and the Whatever Cure\" in conjunction with Ann M. Martin, with illustrations by Ben Hatke. Betty MacDonald Betty MacDonald (March 26, 1907 – February 7, 1958) was an American author who specialized in humorous autobiographical tales, and is best known for her book \"The Egg and I\". She also wrote the \"Mrs. Piggle-Wiggle\" series of children's books. She is associated with the Pacific Northwest, especially Washington state. MacDonald was born Anne Elizabeth Campbell Bard in Boulder, Colorado. Her official","title":"Betty MacDonald"},{"id":"18824029","text":"Morgan Griffin Morgan Griffin (born 4 June 1992) is an Australian actress. She made her on-screen debut in the popular children’s Series \"The Sleepover Club\" based on the international bestselling children's books. Her other notable roles include Heidi in \"September\" (2007) and Jess in \"Charlie & Boots\" (2009) alongside Australian veteran actor Paul Hogan and Shane Jacobson. Her international break came with roles in the films \"Nim's Island\" (2008) with Academy Award winner Jodie Foster and Abigail Breslin, \"Accidents Happen\" (2009) opposite Geena Davis; and in Angelina Jolie’s directorial debut film UNBROKEN. In 2014 she completed filming \"LOUDER THAN WORDS\"","title":"Morgan Griffin"},{"id":"16101322","text":"and by many other feature films. In 2003, Mondo TV throughout MIM AG and in co-production with NDF, and Caligari Film, launched its 26 episodes series, \"Letters from Felix\", based on the Children's books by Annette Langen and Costanza Droop. It was followed by two 81-minute each featured films: \"Felix: All Around the World\", released in 2005, and \"Felix: The Toy Rabbit and the Time Machine\", released in 2006. In 2004 Mondo TV in co-production with RAI launched \"The Last of the Mohicans\", a 26-episode animated series based on the historical novel by James Fenimore Cooper. That same year Mondo","title":"Mondo TV"},{"id":"11889134","text":"1998 German feature film \"Run Lola Run\" may also have raised the name's profile, as has Lola, a clever and inquisitive child character in a recently published series of children's picture books by Lauren Child. The naming of several children of celebrities in the past decade has increased the popularity of the name. Madonna uses the nickname \"Lola\" for her daughter Lourdes Leon, born in 1996. Entertainers Kelly Ripa, Chris Rock, Denise Richards and Charlie Sheen, Carnie Wilson and Annie Lennox all have daughters named Lola. The name was also used for a granddaughter of Camilla Parker Bowles. Lola (given","title":"Lola (given name)"},{"id":"10894944","text":"Blu de Golyer Blu de Golyer (born July 9, 1975) is an American writer and filmmaker. In 2013, Blu wrote and produced \"House of Good and Evil\", starring Rachel Marie Lewis and German actor Christian Oliver. In 2014, he wrote and produced the \"Hillbilly Horror Show\". Blu has also produced the film \"Noah's Ark\". Blu de Golyer is also a published author with his series of children's books \"The Adventures Of Captain Greenspud\". Blu de Golyer is the great nephew of stage actress Mary de Golyer (\"The Red Menace\" 1949). He is also related to oil tycoon Everette Lee DeGolyer.","title":"Blu de Golyer"},{"id":"11510172","text":"Sarah Holland Sarah Holland (born November 1961 in Folkestone, Kent, England) is a writer, actress and singer best known for her 22 romantic novels for Harlequin which have been published in over 130 countries, selling millions of copies worldwide. She has also written for television, newspapers and the screen as well as appearing in films; most notably the multi-award-winning Texan movie \"Artois the Goat\" (2009) and a supporting role with Academy Award-winning American actor Jack Palance in \"Treasure Island\" (1999). Holland wrote her first book, \"Too Hot To Handle\" at 18, and became one of the youngest romantic novelists in","title":"Sarah Holland"},{"id":"7032558","text":"Sophie Kinsella Madeleine Sophie Wickham (née Townley; born 12 December 1969), also known under the pen name Sophie Kinsella, is an English author of chick lit. The first two novels in her best-selling Shopaholic series, \"The Secret Dreamworld of a Shopaholic\" and \"Shopaholic Abroad\", were adapted into the film \"Confessions of a Shopaholic\" (2009). Her books have been translated into over 30 languages. Sophie was born on 12 December 1969, the eldest daughter of David R. and Patricia B. (née Kinsella) Townley. The eldest sister of fellow writers Gemma and Abigail Townley, Sophie Kinsella was educated at Putney High School,","title":"Sophie Kinsella"},{"id":"900356","text":"Bonnie Franklin, Melissa Gilbert, Danielle Brisebois, Erika Eleniak, Max Pomeranc, Christina Ricci, Shelley Fabares, Candace Cameron Bure, Karron Graves, Gaby Hoffmann, Hilary Duff, Molly Ringwald, Stacy Ferguson, Jennifer Love Hewitt, Lisa Whelchel, Sarah Michelle Gellar, Soleil Moon Frye, Melissa Joan Hart, Dean Stockwell, Fred Savage, Neil Patrick Harris, Michelle Chia, Shawn Lee, Joshua Ang, Aloysius Pang, and other Academy Award winners and nominees include; Mickey Rooney, Judy Garland, Jake Gyllenhaal, Joaquin Phoenix, Helen Hunt, Irene Cara, Reese Witherspoon, Hilary Swank, Christian Bale, Saoirse Ronan, Brie Larson, Elizabeth Taylor, and Leonardo DiCaprio. Many actors' careers are short-lived and this is also","title":"Child actor"},{"id":"15425927","text":"2000, she began writing books for children in collaboration with her mother, starting with \"Dumpy the Dumptruck\". They wrote 13 \"Dumpy\" books, of which 12 were illustrated by her father Tony Walton, who had remained friends with her mother despite their divorce. Walton-Hamilton and Andrews have co-written 31 children's books, including the \"Dumpy\" books, \"The Great American Mousical\" (2006), also illustrated by Walton, two \"Bonnie Boadicea\" novels for middle schoolers, the New York Times bestselling\"The Very Fairy Princess\" (2010) series, and two unrelated novels. They have also co-edited two anthologies of poetry and songs, and one concept book, \"Thanks to","title":"Emma Walton Hamilton"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"id\": \"3927609\",\n \"text\": \"The Last of the Really Great Whangdoodles The Last of the Really Great Whangdoodles is a children's novel written by Julie Edwards, the married name of singer and actress Dame Julie Andrews. More recent editions credit the book to \\\"Julie Andrews Edwards\\\". Three siblings, Ben, Tom, and Melinda Potter (better known as Lindy), meet Professor Savant while visiting the zoo one rainy day. On Halloween, Lindy dares to knock on the spookiest house on the block, which happens to belong to the Professor, and the three become more acquainted with him. After a second meeting, they begin spending time at\",\n \"title\": \"The Last of the Really Great Whangdoodles\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3927612\",\n \"text\": \"of another denizen, the Whiffle Bird, to outwit the traps. The kids at last meet the last Whangdoodle. It turns out he wants a female Whangdoodle to be his queen, so he won't be lonely, and Professor Savant's knowledge and talents have the ability to grant the Whangdoodle just that. That is, if the Professor can figure out exactly how to do it. The Last of the Really Great Whangdoodles The Last of the Really Great Whangdoodles is a children's novel written by Julie Edwards, the married name of singer and actress Dame Julie Andrews. More recent editions credit the\",\n \"title\": \"The Last of the Really Great Whangdoodles\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2954359\",\n \"text\": \"against a forest where Whangdoodles live. One of the firemen of the book refers to the centipede as a Whangdoodle. In \\\"Charlie and the Chocolate Factory\\\", Willy Wonka mentions that he saved the Oompa Loompas from Whangdoodles and various other monsters. A different Whangdoodle is described in the children's novel \\\"The Last of the Really Great Whangdoodles\\\" by singer and actress Dame Julie Andrews (under her married name of Julie Edwards): an intelligent, ungulate-like character capable of changing color to suit its emotions, from whose hind legs grow a new and different set of bedroom slippers each year. It is\",\n \"title\": \"Whangdoodle\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7776897\",\n \"text\": \"constant headache, which causes it always to be in a foul mood. Accordingly, one is advised to never approach a splintercat. \\\"Splintercat Creek,\\\" found in the northern Cascade Range of Oregon, is named after this legendary animal. The Splintercat appears in the book \\\"The Last of the Really Great Whangdoodles\\\" by Julie Andrews Edwards. This particular Splintercat answers to the Prime Minister of Whangdoodland and also enjoys playing Cat's cradle. Splintercat The splintercat (\\\"Felynx arbordiffisus\\\") is a legendary creature and fictional animal in the United States. The splintercat is a nocturnal feline animal of great ferocity. It flies through the\",\n \"title\": \"Splintercat\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2954358\",\n \"text\": \"Whangdoodle The Whangdoodle is a fanciful creature in folklore and children's literature, most notably used by British authors Roald Dahl and Julie Andrews. Popularized by a sermon parody attributed to William P. Brannan as \\\"Where the lion roareth and the whangdoodle mourneth for her first-born,\\\" published in \\\"The Harp of a Thousand Strings: Or, Laughter for a Lifetime\\\" (1858). Whangdoodle is also an earlier term for a \\\"fanciful formation\\\" or a \\\"gadget . . . thing for which the correct name is not known.\\\" In Roald Dahl's book \\\"The Minpins\\\", one of the main characters is warned by his mother\",\n \"title\": \"Whangdoodle\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3927610\",\n \"text\": \"the Professor's house, where he introduces them to games of concentration and observation. He reveals that there is a magic land called Whangdoodleland that can only be reached through the imagination, and that he is training them to accompany him there. Whangdoodleland is the home of the last Whangdoodle that lived in the world. Once the Whangdoodle, and other creatures that are now considered imaginary, lived in our world. However, fearing that people were losing their imaginations in the pursuit of power and greed, the Whangdoodle created a magic and peaceful world over which he reigns. The professor and the\",\n \"title\": \"The Last of the Really Great Whangdoodles\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18384988\",\n \"text\": \"Cammie McGovern Cammie McGovern is the author of four children's novels: The Art of Seeing, Eye Contact\\\", \\\"Neighborhood Watch\\\" and \\\"Say What You Will\\\". Cammie was born in Evanston, Illinois, the daughter of Katharine Wolcott (née Watts), a high school teacher, and William Montgomery McGovern, Jr., a university professor. Her older sister is actress Elizabeth McGovern. When Cammie was seven years old, her father accepted a teaching position with UCLA School of Law and the McGoverns moved to Los Angeles. Her paternal grandfather was adventurer William Montgomery McGovern, her maternal great-grandfathers were U.S. diplomat Ethelbert Watts and Admiral Charles P.\",\n \"title\": \"Cammie McGovern\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3927611\",\n \"text\": \"children explore this world. Each time the children return, they venture farther and farther into Whangdoodleland, intending to reach the palace where the Last Whangdoodle resides. However, the Whangdoodle's Prime Minister, the \\\"Oily Prock\\\", does not want them to disturb His Highness, and sets up a number of traps, both in Whangdoodleland and the real world to prevent this meeting. He enlists the marvelous and funny creatures of the land in his effort, including the High Behind Splintercat, the Sidewinders, the Oinck, the Gazooks, the Tree Squeaks, and the Swamp Gaboons. The children use their imaginations, intelligence, and the friendship\",\n \"title\": \"The Last of the Really Great Whangdoodles\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5402875\",\n \"text\": \"The Minpins The Minpins is a book by Roald Dahl with illustrations by Patrick Benson. It was published in 1991, a few months after Dahl's death in November 1990, and is the author's final contribution to literature after an illustrious career spanning almost half a century. The book was republished in 2017 under the title Billy and the Minpins with new illustrations by Quentin Blake. Little Billy is forbidden by his mother to enter the Forest of Sin behind his house. She tells him of the Whangdoodle, Hornswogglers, Snozzwanglers and Vermicious knids that live in the forest. Worst of all\",\n \"title\": \"The Minpins\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9957746\",\n \"text\": \"the child actress Mandy Miller, who was about a year older. She frequently talks about her favourite books and dolls she played with when she was a child. She is still an avid collector of both books and dolls and she also still enjoys reading and writing. Jacky Daydream Jacky Daydream is an autobiographical book about Jacqueline Wilson's childhood, first published in 2007. The book's title refers to a nickname given to the author when she was at school. The teacher, Mr Branson (who the children nicknamed Brandy Balls) would give all the children nicknames according to their character; initially\",\n \"title\": \"Jacky Daydream\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5402879\",\n \"text\": \"the world and to continue his newfound friendship with the Minpins. The Minpins The Minpins is a book by Roald Dahl with illustrations by Patrick Benson. It was published in 1991, a few months after Dahl's death in November 1990, and is the author's final contribution to literature after an illustrious career spanning almost half a century. The book was republished in 2017 under the title Billy and the Minpins with new illustrations by Quentin Blake. Little Billy is forbidden by his mother to enter the Forest of Sin behind his house. She tells him of the Whangdoodle, Hornswogglers, Snozzwanglers\",\n \"title\": \"The Minpins\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13061619\",\n \"text\": \"Roberta Leigh Roberta Leigh was an assumed name for Rita Lewin (née Shulman) (22 December 1926 – 19 December 2014) was a British author, artist, composer and television producer. She wrote romance fiction and children's stories under the pseudonyms Roberta Leigh, Rachel Lindsay, Janey Scott and Rozella Lake. She published her first novel in 1950 and was still actively working on new titles until a year before her death. In addition, she created the children's puppet television series \\\"Sara and Hoppity\\\", \\\"Torchy the Battery Boy\\\", \\\"Wonder Boy and Tiger\\\", \\\"Send for Dithers\\\" and \\\"Space Patrol\\\" (the last of which she\",\n \"title\": \"Roberta Leigh\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9224827\",\n \"text\": \"with the event being aired on MTV. Callaway found the singer's ability to tell a story enticing, and he got the idea to ask her about writing children's books. The publisher believed that Madonna's worldwide name recognition and cross-cultural appeal would attract an audience to a book written by her. He knew from experience that children's book critics can be fussy, but he was persistent with his idea. At the time Madonna had other commitments. It was only after her marriage to director Guy Ritchie and becoming a mother again (in 2000), she decided to take up the idea of\",\n \"title\": \"The English Roses\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18384989\",\n \"text\": \"Snyder, and her maternal great-great-grandfather was congressman Charles P. Snyder.[2][3][4] She currently lives in Amherst, Massachusetts, with her husband and three sons, the oldest of whom is autistic. Many of her life experiences with her family, autism and starting Whole Children influenced her writings. Cammie McGovern Cammie McGovern is the author of four children's novels: The Art of Seeing, Eye Contact\\\", \\\"Neighborhood Watch\\\" and \\\"Say What You Will\\\". Cammie was born in Evanston, Illinois, the daughter of Katharine Wolcott (née Watts), a high school teacher, and William Montgomery McGovern, Jr., a university professor. Her older sister is actress Elizabeth McGovern.\",\n \"title\": \"Cammie McGovern\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2954361\",\n \"text\": \"of the song \\\"The Big Rock Candy Mountain\\\" include a mention of a Whangdoodle singing in the titular hobo's paradise. This is the case in the version written down and arranged by Charles and Ruth Seeger. This version is used in the Frederic Rzewski composition for violin, piano, and percussion, entitled 'Whangdoodles'. Whangdoodle The Whangdoodle is a fanciful creature in folklore and children's literature, most notably used by British authors Roald Dahl and Julie Andrews. Popularized by a sermon parody attributed to William P. Brannan as \\\"Where the lion roareth and the whangdoodle mourneth for her first-born,\\\" published in \\\"The\",\n \"title\": \"Whangdoodle\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5836109\",\n \"text\": \"Kids. In 1996 \\\"The Last Noo-Noo\\\" was adapted as a play and performed at the Polka Theatre, London. In 2007, Murphy received an honorary fellowship from University College Falmouth. Murphy also wrote \\\"Dear Hound\\\" in 2009 about a deerhound who goes missing after a storm and the quest for his owners to find him. Jill Murphy Jill Murphy (born 5 July 1949) is a British writer and illustrator of children's books, best known for the \\\"Worst Witch\\\" novels and the \\\"Large Family\\\" picture books. She has been called \\\"one of the most engaging writers and illustrators for children in the\",\n \"title\": \"Jill Murphy\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15556570\",\n \"text\": \"Hiroshima. Pike now writes under the name Pai Kit Fai, which was given to him by his Chinese in-laws. Loosely translated, it means \\\"White Person of Letters and Grand Ambition'. He has written two books under this nom de plume, \\\"The Concubine's Daughter\\\" and \\\"Red Lotus\\\". Fiction: Non Fiction: Animated scripts: Children’s books, 1995–2001: Children’s books, 1964: \\\"Around the world with Unbearable Bear\\\" series (adapted by Laurie Sharpe): Geoffry Morgan Pike Geoffrey Morgan Pike (who writes as Geoff Pike and Pai Kit Fai) is an English-born, naturalized Australian writer and cartoonist. Born in Tottenham, Middlesex on 17 October 1929, to\",\n \"title\": \"Geoffry Morgan Pike\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3520654\",\n \"text\": \"the story of a cat with a secret life, was later filmed as \\\"Famous Fred\\\" and nominated for the Academy Award for Animated Short Film and several BAFTAs. Her other children's books include \\\"Lulu and the Flying Babies\\\", \\\"The Chocolate Wedding\\\" and \\\"Lavender\\\". In the late 1990s Posy returned to the pages of \\\"The Guardian\\\" with \\\"Gemma Bovery\\\", which reworked the story of Gustave Flaubert's \\\"Madame Bovary\\\" into a satirical tale of English expatriates in France. It was published as a graphic novel in 1999 and was made into a feature film, directed by Anne Fontaine in 2014. \\\"Literary Life\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"Posy Simmonds\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4949721\",\n \"text\": \"was recommended by Meg Ryan's character in the 1998 film \\\"You've Got Mail\\\". Two unpublished short stories by Streatfeild are set to be published by Virago Press in November 2018 and mid-2019 after they were discovered by Streatfeild’s nephew, William Streatfeild and Donna Coonan, the editorial director of Virago Press. Noel Streatfeild Mary Noel Streatfeild OBE (24 December 1895 –11 September 1986), was an English author, best known for children's books including the \\\"Shoes\\\" books, which were not a series. Random House, the U.S. publisher of the 1936 novel \\\"Ballet Shoes\\\" (1936), published some of Streatfeild's subsequent children's books using\",\n \"title\": \"Noel Streatfeild\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7765101\",\n \"text\": \"Patty Dann Patty Dann (born October 30, 1953) is an American novelist and nonfiction writer, perhaps best known for \\\"Mermaids\\\", a coming-of-age novel about a teenage girl which was published in 1986. In 1990, it was made into a movie starring Cher, Winona Ryder, Bob Hoskins and Christina Ricci. Her most recent novel is \\\"Starfish, \\\"which is a sequel to \\\"Mermaids.\\\" Her newest book is \\\"The Butterfly Hours: Transforming Memories into Memoir,\\\" which has been chosen by Poets & Writers as One of the Best Books on Writing. \\\"Sweet & Crazy\\\" (2003) is a novel about a 39-year-old woman who\",\n \"title\": \"Patty Dann\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4820231\",\n \"text\": \"The new edition also received favourable notices; in fact, it was listed as one of the \\\"Books of the Year\\\" by \\\"The Spectator\\\". Ruby Ferguson Ruby Constance Annie Ferguson (\\\"née\\\" Ashby; 28 July 1899 – 11 November 1966), was a British writer of popular fiction, including children's books, romances, and mysteries. She is best known today for her \\\"Jill\\\" books, a series of Pullein-Thompsonesque pony books for children and young adults. Ferguson was born in Hebden Bridge and raised in Reeth, North Yorkshire. Her father was the Reverend David Ashby, a Wesleyan minister, and Ferguson herself later became a lay\",\n \"title\": \"Ruby Ferguson\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4046255\",\n \"text\": \"includes three sequels and has been adapted into four CBBC television series: \\\"\\\"The Story of Tracy Beaker\\\", \\\"Tracy Beaker Returns\\\", \\\"The Dumping Ground\\\", and \\\"The Tracy Beaker Survival Files\\\". She has written more than a hundred books over the course of her career. Jacqueline Aitken was born in Bath, Somerset, England in 1945. Her father was a civil servant; her mother was an antiques dealer. Jacqueline spent most of her childhood in Kingston upon Thames, where she went to Latchmere Primary School. She particularly enjoyed books by Noel Streatfeild, as well as American classics like \\\"Little Women\\\" and \\\"What Katy\",\n \"title\": \"Jacqueline Wilson\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8899523\",\n \"text\": \"Mitchell Kriegman Mitchell Kriegman (born June 4, 1952) is an American television writer, director, producer, consultant, story editor, author, composer and actor. He is the creator of \\\"Clarissa Explains It All\\\" (1991) for Nickelodeon, \\\"Bear in the Big Blue House\\\" (1997) and \\\"The Book of Pooh\\\" (2001) for Disney Channel and \\\"It's a Big Big World\\\" (2006) for PBS. Kriegman's first novel was \\\"Being Audrey Hepburn\\\" (2014). A second novel, \\\"Things I Can't Explain\\\", is a reimagining of the protagonist in the \\\"Clarissa Explains It All\\\" television series, in her twenties, published in November 2015. Kriegman holds patents for a\",\n \"title\": \"Mitchell Kriegman\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7765104\",\n \"text\": \"NYC.” In 2008, she married Michael Hill, a journalist. She has one son and two stepsons. Patty Dann Patty Dann (born October 30, 1953) is an American novelist and nonfiction writer, perhaps best known for \\\"Mermaids\\\", a coming-of-age novel about a teenage girl which was published in 1986. In 1990, it was made into a movie starring Cher, Winona Ryder, Bob Hoskins and Christina Ricci. Her most recent novel is \\\"Starfish, \\\"which is a sequel to \\\"Mermaids.\\\" Her newest book is \\\"The Butterfly Hours: Transforming Memories into Memoir,\\\" which has been chosen by Poets & Writers as One of the\",\n \"title\": \"Patty Dann\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"852156\",\n \"text\": \"by the Booker Prize committee. Mark Knopfler included a song titled 'Beryl' dedicated to her and her posthumous award on his 2015 album Tracker. In 2003, Bainbridge's grandson Charlie Russell began filming a documentary, \\\"Beryl's Last Year\\\", about her life. The documentary detailed her upbringing and her attempts to write a novel, \\\"Dear Brutus\\\" (which later became \\\"The Girl in the Polka Dot Dress\\\"); it was broadcast in the United Kingdom on 2 June 2007 on BBC Four. In 2009, Beryl Bainbridge donated the short story \\\"Goodnight Children, Everywhere\\\" to Oxfam's Ox-Tales project, four collections of UK stories written by\",\n \"title\": \"Beryl Bainbridge\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18978623\",\n \"text\": \"Adrienne Kress Adrienne Kress is an award-winning, internationally published Canadian writer of Young Adult and Middle Grade fiction. Several of her books are currently attached to major Hollywood studios. She was the first children's author to join the ranks of other famous Canadian women, such as Sarah Polley, Cobie Smulders, and Feist, as a \\\"Toro Woman\\\", photographed by Frano Deleo for Toro Magazine. Adrienne Kress is a Canadian actor and author of the internationally published and award-winning children's novels \\\"Alex and the Ironic Gentleman (Selected by the New York Post as one of its post Harry Potter reading suggestions)\\\" and\",\n \"title\": \"Adrienne Kress\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7172830\",\n \"text\": \"William Joyce (writer) William Edward Joyce (born December 11, 1957) is an American writer, illustrator and filmmaker. His illustrations have appeared on numerous covers of \\\"The New Yorker\\\" and his paintings are displayed nationwide. For the short film \\\"The Fantastic Flying Books of Mr. Morris Lessmore\\\" (2011), Joyce won the Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film at the 84th Academy Awards. He has written and illustrated over fifty children's books including \\\"George Shrinks\\\", \\\"Santa Calls\\\", \\\"Dinosaur Bob and his Adventures with the Family Lazardo\\\", \\\"Rolie Polie Olie\\\", \\\"The Leaf Men and the Brave Good Bugs\\\" and \\\"A Day with\",\n \"title\": \"William Joyce (writer)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2046972\",\n \"text\": \"Jacqueline Susann Jacqueline Susann (August 20, 1918 – September 21, 1974) was an American writer and actress. Her first novel, \\\"Valley of the Dolls\\\" (1966), is one of the best-selling books in publishing history. With her two subsequent works, \\\"The Love Machine\\\" (1969) and \\\"Once Is Not Enough\\\" (1973), Susann became the first author to have three consecutive #1 novels on \\\"The New York Times\\\" Best Seller List. Jacqueline Susann was born on August 20, 1918, in Philadelphia, a single daughter to a Jewish couple: Robert Susan (1887–1957), a portrait painter, and Rose Jans (1892–1981), a public schoolteacher. As a\",\n \"title\": \"Jacqueline Susann\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2046990\",\n \"text\": \"made publishing history as the first writer to have three consecutive number one novels on the \\\"Times\\\" list. The book was filmed in 1975 by Guy Green as \\\"Jacqueline Susann's Once Is Not Enough\\\", with Kirk Douglas, Alexis Smith, Melina Mercouri, Brenda Vaccaro (in an Oscar-nominated performance), and Deborah Raffin as January. The film, executive-produced by Irving Mansfield, was not a critical favorite, but was a commercial success, grossing $15.7 million (the equivalent of $65.2 million in 2016).) Susann's final work was a novella, \\\"Dolores\\\" (Morrow), a \\\"roman a clef\\\" about Jacqueline Kennedy, originally written for the February 1974 issue\",\n \"title\": \"Jacqueline Susann\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4732941\",\n \"text\": \"Geraldine McCaughrean Geraldine McCaughrean ( ; born 6 June 1951) is a British children's novelist. She has written more than 170 books, including \\\"Peter Pan in Scarlet\\\" (2004), the official sequel to \\\"Peter Pan\\\" commissioned by Great Ormond Street Hospital, the holder of Peter Pan's copyright. Her work has been translated into 44 languages worldwide. She has received the Carnegie Medal twice and the Michael L. Printz Award among others. McCaughrean was born in London and grew up in North London. She was the youngest of three children. She studied teaching but found her true vocation in writing. She claims\",\n \"title\": \"Geraldine McCaughrean\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4894532\",\n \"text\": \"idealize the innocence of girls and the mother-daughter bond, for example her 1884 work \\\"\\\". During the same era, Whistler's \\\"Harmony in Gray and Green: Miss Cicely Alexander\\\" and \\\"The White Girl\\\" depict girls in the same light. The European children's literature canon includes many notable works with young female protagonists. Traditional fairy tales have preserved memorable stories about girls. Among these are \\\"Goldilocks and the Three Bears\\\", \\\"Rapunzel\\\", \\\"The Princess and the Pea\\\" and the Brothers Grimm's \\\"Little Red Riding Hood\\\". Well-known children's books about girls include \\\"Alice in Wonderland\\\", \\\"Heidi\\\", \\\"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\\\", the Nancy Drew\",\n \"title\": \"Girl\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3784355\",\n \"text\": \"Rusbridger appears in the 2016 film \\\"Snowden\\\", with a cameo role as a meeting moderator. He has written three children's books, as well as being the co-author (with Ronan Bennett) of a BBC drama, \\\"Fields of Gold\\\". In 1982, he married the educationalist Lindsay Mackie. She helped found the educational charity FILMCLUB. They have two daughters (born 1983 and May 1986). His daughter Isabella Rusbridger is also a journalist and is known professionally as \\\"Bella Mackie\\\" to distinguish herself from her father. Rusbridger received an Honorary Doctorate of Letters from the University of Lincoln in September 2009, from the University\",\n \"title\": \"Alan Rusbridger\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1882342\",\n \"text\": \"characters are said by Halliwell to be loosely based on Gordon Ramsay, George Michael, Marilyn Monroe, Vincent van Gogh, Wayne Rooney, and the character Justin Suarez from the TV series \\\"Ugly Betty\\\". According to the official site, the book sold more than 250,000 copies in its first five months, making its author Halliwell 2008's most successful female celebrity children's author. In 2010, Halliwell partnered with British retailer Next to create a swimwear collection named \\\"Geri by Next\\\". This was followed by a Union Jack-motif clothing range in 2012, inspired by Halliwell's famous 1997 Union Jack dress. In 1999, Halliwell became\",\n \"title\": \"Geri Halliwell\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14716949\",\n \"text\": \"languages worldwide, including over 6 million books in print in the U.S. The series of books are highly collectible and regularly featured in children’s bestseller lists. Georgie Ripper Georgie Ripper (born London, 1977) is a children's book illustrator known for her work on the \\\"Rainbow Magic\\\" series of fairy books. She won the Macmillan Prize for Picture Book Illustration in 2000 with \\\"My Best Friend Bob\\\" and \\\"Little Brown Bushrat\\\" which she authored and illustrated. She has also illustrated \\\"A Dog Called Whatnot\\\" and \\\"Whatnot Takes Charge\\\" which were written by Linda Newbery. She graduated from Anglia Ruskin University where\",\n \"title\": \"Georgie Ripper\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9430219\",\n \"text\": \"Dreams\\\", which was named a New York Times \\\"Best Illustrated Book\\\". \\\"Mr. Lunch Takes a Plane Ride\\\" won a Cuffie Award from Publisher's Weekly; Mr. Lunch won for most memorable character in a lead role. \\\"Olive, the Other Reindeer\\\" was a New York Times Bestseller and the movie version was nominated for an Emmy Award. Vivian Walsh (author) Vivian Walsh is a children's book author. Her best selling book \\\"Olive, the Other Reindeer\\\" is based on her real life Jack Russell Terrier. The dog, Olive, was later portrayed (with the voice of Drew Barrymore) in the animated version of the\",\n \"title\": \"Vivian Walsh (author)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7838113\",\n \"text\": \"later formed the basis for two books, \\\"Cricket Mad\\\" and \\\"Football Daft\\\". In the 1980s, Parkinson wrote a series of children's books called \\\"The Woofits\\\" about a family of anthropomorphic dog-like creatures in the fictional Yorkshire coal-mining village of Grimeworth. The books led to a TV series, which he narrated. He wrote a sports column for the \\\"Daily Telegraph\\\" and is president of the Sports Journalists' Association. His book \\\"Parky: My Autobiography\\\" was published on 2 October 2008. In April 2009, Parkinson wrote about the recently deceased Jade Goody in \\\"Radio Times\\\". He described her as \\\"barely educated, ignorant and\",\n \"title\": \"Michael Parkinson\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4859153\",\n \"text\": \"her experience in the Holocaust, a project that had been in the works for five years. Character design and storyboards were created by two-time Academy Award-nominated filmmaker Bill Plympton. The film is directed by Kevin Sean Michaels; co-produced and co-written by Jud Newborn, Holocaust expert and author, \\\"Sophie Scholl and the White Rose\\\"; and drawn by 10-year-old animator, Perry Chen. There will be a feature-length documentary, also by Michaels, to follow. Ingrid Pitt Ingoushka Pitt (née Petrov; 21 November 193723 November 2010), known professionally as Ingrid Pitt, was a Polish-British actress, author, and writer best known for her work in\",\n \"title\": \"Ingrid Pitt\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4981436\",\n \"text\": \"40 years working as a marketing coordinator for the Fort Bragg-Mendocino Coast Chamber of Commerce. King privately published a small book \\\"Bonnie Blue Butler: A Gone With the Wind Memoir\\\" in 2009, mainly selling copies directly to fans via personal appearances and the internet. King died on September 1, 2010, at her home in Fort Bragg, California, at age 76, from lung cancer, survived by her two children Matthew Ned Conlon of Chicago and Katie Conlon Byrne of Hawaii. Cammie King Eleanore Cammack \\\"Cammie\\\" King (August 5, 1934 – September 1, 2010) was an American child actress. She is best\",\n \"title\": \"Cammie King\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11048245\",\n \"text\": \"of the Year\\\"; the 1999 Times Educational Supplement Junior Music Book Award for \\\"Three Rapping Rats\\\"; the 2005 Spoken Word Award for the audio version of \\\"The Silver Spoon Of Solomon Snow\\\", read by Rik Mayall. Kaye Umansky Kaye Umansky (; born 6 December 1946) is an English children's author and poet. She has written over 130 books for children and her work ranges from picture books to novels. She is best known for the Pongwiffy Series. Kaye Umansky was born in Plymouth, Devon. Her mother was a music teacher and encouraged her to play from a young age and\",\n \"title\": \"Kaye Umansky\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2047003\",\n \"text\": \"called \\\"See How Beautiful I Am: The Return of Jackie Susann\\\", during which a dying Susann discusses her life and career. The show was performed as part of the Edinburgh Festival in 2001 as well as the New York International Fringe Festival in 2008. Jacqueline Susann Jacqueline Susann (August 20, 1918 – September 21, 1974) was an American writer and actress. Her first novel, \\\"Valley of the Dolls\\\" (1966), is one of the best-selling books in publishing history. With her two subsequent works, \\\"The Love Machine\\\" (1969) and \\\"Once Is Not Enough\\\" (1973), Susann became the first author to have\",\n \"title\": \"Jacqueline Susann\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7232753\",\n \"text\": \"Your Life\\\" when Lord Yehudi Menuhin, Sir Georg Solti and Lord Runcie joined many celebrities, friends and former pupils to pay tribute to her life's work with children and music. Ann is also a successful writer and her ten \\\"Famous Children\\\" books are best sellers worldwide. They have been translated into 17 languages, including Indonesian, Finnish, Czech and two Chinese versions. She is an EMI recording artist, specialising in Classical Music and Stories for children. Ann Rachlin is an acknowledged authority on the Victorian actress Dame Ellen Terry and her daughter Edith Craig. For more than thirty years, Ann has\",\n \"title\": \"Ann Rachlin\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16707235\",\n \"text\": \"Teddybears (TV series) Teddybears was a children's television programme broadcast on ITV from 1997 to 2000, based on the books by Susanna Gretz. The show was about the life of five coloured teddy bears and their dog Fred. The show was filmed by Meridian Broadcasting. Journalists have compared \\\"Teddybears\\\" as being similar to \\\"Teletubbies\\\". \\\"Teddybears\\\" is based on Susanna Gretz and Alison Sage's teddy bear books, the first of which was published almost 30 years before the TV programme's creation. \\\"Teddybear\\\"s inaugural season began on 5 January 1998. A 1999 article in the \\\"Bristol Post\\\" said \\\"Teddybears\\\" \\\"have become a\",\n \"title\": \"Teddybears (TV series)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17141790\",\n \"text\": \"as well as many theatrical stage plays. Up until her 85th birthday in 1973, she was very active within the entertainment circle and would not entertain the prospect of retirement, despite self-admitted signs of \\\"phasing out\\\". Her final film appearance was in \\\"The Odd Angry Shot\\\". In her later years, she gradually declined from acting and instead started writing children's books, such as the series \\\"Shelley\\\" (which was based on her granddaughter), under the pseudonym of Ellen Bosworth. Many of her books were best-sellers in Australia. During her lifetime, Lorimer also worked as a teacher and a theosophist. Lorimer was\",\n \"title\": \"Enid Lorimer\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18978626\",\n \"text\": \"Conan Doyle into \\\"The Friday Society\\\". According to Variety and The Hollywood Reporter, the film rights to \\\"Alex and the Ironic Gentleman\\\" have been bought by The Weinstein Company. According to Variety and Quill and Quire, Disney is adapting \\\"The Explorers\\\" with Academy Award Nominee Michael De Luca attached as producer. Adrienne Kress Adrienne Kress is an award-winning, internationally published Canadian writer of Young Adult and Middle Grade fiction. Several of her books are currently attached to major Hollywood studios. She was the first children's author to join the ranks of other famous Canadian women, such as Sarah Polley, Cobie\",\n \"title\": \"Adrienne Kress\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16038145\",\n \"text\": \"story, White said this \\\"flitting back and forth\\\" is an insurmountable \\\"structural problem\\\" that is \\\"intensely wearing\\\". Rachel Brown of \\\"The Atlantic\\\" thought that \\\"it makes perfect sense that Colin Meloy, the loquacious and imaginative lead singer of the quirky The Decemberists, would write a children's book.\\\" In contrast, critic Anna Minard from Seattle's \\\"The Stranger\\\" and Patrick Ness, in \\\"The Guardian\\\", feared that \\\"Wildwood\\\" could be one more of a stream of \\\"baldly mediocre books written by celebrities\\\", citing children's books by Joy Behar, Jerry Seinfeld, Jimmy Fallon, Gloria Estefan, and Madonna. Minard and Ness also worried that the\",\n \"title\": \"Wildwood (novel)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8789257\",\n \"text\": \"role, Anne, in the feature film \\\"Father\\\" (1990) in which she starred opposite Max von Sydow. Amongst many other film and television series, she has appeared in Stanley Kubrick's \\\"A Clockwork Orange\\\" (1971), \\\"Queen Kong\\\" (1976), \\\"The Shout\\\" (1978), \\\"Father\\\" (1990), and the film adaptation of Beryl Bainbridge's novel \\\"An Awfully Big Adventure\\\" (1995), directed by Mike Newell and starring Hugh Grant and Alan Rickman. She has written a number of children's books, including her first, \\\"The Haunted School\\\", which was produced as a television mini-series and film. Bought by Disney, it won the Chicago International Film Festival Gold Award\",\n \"title\": \"Carol Drinkwater\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7550638\",\n \"text\": \"Natalie Babbitt Natalie Zane Babbitt (née Moore; July 28, 1932 – October 31, 2016) was an American writer and illustrator of children's books. Her acclaimed 1975 novel \\\"Tuck Everlasting\\\" has been adapted into two feature films and a Broadway musical. She received the Newbery Honor and Christopher Award, and was the U.S. nominee for the biennial international Hans Christian Andersen Award in 1982. Natalie Moore was born in Dayton, Ohio, on July 28, 1932, Babbitt studied at Laurel School in Cleveland and Smith College in Northampton, Massachusetts. She was married to Samuel Fisher Babbitt, and the couple had three children,\",\n \"title\": \"Natalie Babbitt\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2798566\",\n \"text\": \"has described herself as an atheist. Her autobiography \\\"Cloris: My Autobiography\\\" was published in March 2009. She wrote the bestselling book with Englund, her former husband. Leachman's granddaughter, Anabel Englund, is a singer. In addition to Anabel, Leachman has five other grandchildren—Portia, Skye, Arielle, Jackson, and Hallelujah—and one great-grandson, Braden. Cloris Leachman Cloris Leachman (born April 30, 1926) is an American actress and comedian. In a career spanning over seven decades she has won eight Primetime Emmy Awards (record tied with Julia Louis-Dreyfus), a Daytime Emmy Award, and an Academy Award for her role in \\\"The Last Picture Show\\\" (1971).\",\n \"title\": \"Cloris Leachman\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4046254\",\n \"text\": \"Jacqueline Wilson Dame Jacqueline Wilson (née Aitken; born 17 December 1945) is an English novelist who writes for children's literature. As her children's novels frequently feature themes of adoption, divorce, and mental illness, they attract controversy. Four of her books appear in the BBC's The Big Read poll of the 100 most popular books in the UK. For her lifetime contribution as a children's writer, Wilson was a UK nominee for the international Hans Christian Andersen Award in 2014. Wilson is the author of many book series. Her \\\"Tracy Beaker\\\" series, inaugurated in 1991 with \\\"The Story of Tracy Beaker\\\",\",\n \"title\": \"Jacqueline Wilson\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10146586\",\n \"text\": \"Primrose Cumming Primrose Cumming (1915–2004) was a British writer of children's books. Her writing career spanned over 30 years, and produced some fine examples of the pony book genre, combining accurate observation of human and equine with a certain wry humour. In her most sought-after title \\\"Silver Snaffles\\\", Tattles is brilliantly observed: by turns tetchy and patient, he is the archetypal family pony who has long-sufferingly taught generations of children to ride; in contrast, Smug, the evil pony in \\\"Silver Eagle Carries On\\\" has a mind strictly her own: “Smug, of course, had no intention of jumping anything, but she\",\n \"title\": \"Primrose Cumming\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1625196\",\n \"text\": \"2002, her book \\\"Gooney Bird Greene\\\" won the Rhode Island Children's Book Award. In 2011 she gave the May Hill Arbuthnot Lecture; her lecture was titled \\\"Unleaving: The Staying Power of Gold\\\". In 2014, Lowry was awarded an honorary Doctorate of Letters by Brown University. In 2014, a film of 'The Giver' starring Jeff Bridges and Meryl Streep was released to mixed reviews. An animated film of Lowry's book 'The Willoughbys' will be a Netflix film in 2020. Lois Lowry Lois Lowry (born Lois Ann Hammersberg; March 20, 1937) is an American writer credited with forty-five children's books. She has\",\n \"title\": \"Lois Lowry\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14716948\",\n \"text\": \"Georgie Ripper Georgie Ripper (born London, 1977) is a children's book illustrator known for her work on the \\\"Rainbow Magic\\\" series of fairy books. She won the Macmillan Prize for Picture Book Illustration in 2000 with \\\"My Best Friend Bob\\\" and \\\"Little Brown Bushrat\\\" which she authored and illustrated. She has also illustrated \\\"A Dog Called Whatnot\\\" and \\\"Whatnot Takes Charge\\\" which were written by Linda Newbery. She graduated from Anglia Ruskin University where she studied Illustration. Her books have sold over 10 million copies in the UK. A publishing phenomenon, “Rainbow Magic” has sold 20+ million copies in 31\",\n \"title\": \"Georgie Ripper\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4064045\",\n \"text\": \"Sterling (Vice Captain), Richard \\\"Dickie\\\" and Mary Morton, Thomas \\\"Tom\\\" Ingles, Jenny Harman, Jonathan \\\"Jon\\\" Warrender, Penelope \\\"Penny\\\" Warrender and Harriet Sparrow. Macbeth, or \\\"Mackie\\\", is the Morton's Scottish terrier and is present in all books. Notes Bibliography Lone Pine (books) Lone Pine is a series of children's books written by English author Malcolm Saville. Although they were written over a 35-year timespan, between 1943 and 1978, the characters only age by a few years in the course of the series. The earlier books evoke visions of an outdoor 1940s and '50s childhood reminiscent of Enid Blyton's Famous Five books,\",\n \"title\": \"Lone Pine (books)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6547086\",\n \"text\": \"Linda Chapman Linda Anne Chapman (born 15 January 1969 in Liverpool) is a British writer, principally of series for younger children. She is particularly known for her fantasy books about unicorns, mermaids and magic. She also writes the Spell Sisters series as Amber Castle and the Superpowers series as Alex Cliff (her own pseudonyms). She has written several of the series books published under the names Lucy Daniels, Jenny Dale (Puppy Patrol), Katie Chase (Little Princesses), Daisy Meadows (Rainbow Magic), and Lauren Brooke, either as part of a collective pseudonym or as a ghostwriter. She has written \\\"about 200\\\" books.\",\n \"title\": \"Linda Chapman\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19972180\",\n \"text\": \"Jeraldine Saunders Jeraldine Saunders (born Geraldine Loretta Glynn; September 3, 1923) is an American writer and lecturer, best known as the creator of \\\"The Love Boat\\\", an ABC Television series and its associated made-for-TV films portraying the humorous and romantic adventures of various itinerant passengers. The program was based on her 1974 book, \\\"Love Boats\\\", her anecdotal account of her time employed as the first full time female cruise director. Saunders is currently the author of Omarr’s Astrological Forecast, a nationally syndicated horoscope column read by hundreds of thousands worldwide and that was originally created by Sydney Omarr, to whom\",\n \"title\": \"Jeraldine Saunders\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8198249\",\n \"text\": \"a 2013 pick for their Best Books for Babies list. Cousins' character, Maisy, was featured on a postage stamp published by the U.S. Postal Service in their 2006 Favorite Children's Book Animals Series. Cousins won a Booktrust Best Book Award (BBA) in 2014 for \\\"Peck,Peck,Peck\\\". Lucy Cousins Elizabeth 'Lucy' Cousins (born 10 February 1964) is an English author and illustrator of children's books. She is best known for her books featuring Maisy Mouse, but she has also published other children's books, such as \\\"Jazzy in the Jungle\\\" (2002) and one about Noah's Ark. She lives in Hampshire, England. Cousins, whose\",\n \"title\": \"Lucy Cousins\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3729331\",\n \"text\": \"Monica Edwards Monica Edwards (née Monica le Doux Newton; 8 November 1912 – 18 January 1998) was an English children's writer of the mid-twentieth century best known for her Romney Marsh and Punchbowl Farm series of children's novels. She was born in Belper, Derbyshire on 8 November 1912, the third of four children born to the Reverend Harry and Beryl Newton. The family moved to Wakefield, Yorkshire in 1919. As well as being a vicar, Harry Newton was a diocesan exorcist and often took his children with him when performing exorcisms. In 1927 the family moved to Rye Harbour in\",\n \"title\": \"Monica Edwards\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13508084\",\n \"text\": \"stating \\\"the film is an ingenious entertainment machine fuelled by a profound understanding of what children enjoy, whether it's cowpats, talking welly boots or piglets doing synchronised swimming. Thompson has written a properly funny script, which is performed superbly by Ifans, Maggie Smith, Bill Bailey, Ralph Fiennes and some estimable child actors.\\\" Eros Vlahos was nominated for Best Leading Young Actor at the Young Artist Awards 2011 against Noah Ringer for \\\"The Last Airbender\\\", Zachary Gordon for \\\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\\\" and Jaden Smith (winner) for \\\"The Karate Kid\\\". In the UK, the film opened at number one, with\",\n \"title\": \"Nanny McPhee and the Big Bang\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9430217\",\n \"text\": \"Vivian Walsh (author) Vivian Walsh is a children's book author. Her best selling book \\\"Olive, the Other Reindeer\\\" is based on her real life Jack Russell Terrier. The dog, Olive, was later portrayed (with the voice of Drew Barrymore) in the animated version of the picture book. The TV special was produced by Matt Groening, creator of the Simpsons. Ms. Walsh states that when she lived in New York City, her picture book heroes, like the people around her, were all workaholics. The \\\"Mr. Lunch\\\" series begins with this line, \\\"Mr. Lunch was very good at chasing birds, in fact\",\n \"title\": \"Vivian Walsh (author)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8966911\",\n \"text\": \"their symbiotic collaboration, until the death of Janet in 1979, there was never a book illustrated under either one of their names alone. The first important book the twins worked on was \\\"The Hundred and One Dalmatians\\\" by Dodie Smith, who was already a very successful playwright and author. In 1956 she invited them to illustrate her first children's book, and it was an immediate success, captivating parents and children alike. Eventually, Smith's book was made into a feature-length animated film by Walt Disney. The twins' further success with later Smith books, \\\"The Starlight Barking\\\" and \\\"The Midnight Kittens\\\", made\",\n \"title\": \"Janet and Anne Grahame Johnstone\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13925857\",\n \"text\": \"12 years old; Richard, 10, and Johnny, 8, were the children of Jim Abbe, an itinerant photographer, and his wife, the former Polly Platt, once a Ziegfeld girl. Prodded by their mother, the children dictated their memoirs, which Bye sold as \\\"Around the World in Eleven Years\\\". According to the Abbe family, Patience Abbe was the primary author. The book was a surprise hit. In 1954, Bye arranged the sale to Hollywood of Lindbergh's best-selling autobiography, \\\"The Spirit of St. Louis\\\", for more than $1,000,000. But Bye was initially unenthusiastic about Laura Ingalls Wilder, commenting that the manuscript of her\",\n \"title\": \"George T. Bye\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10924093\",\n \"text\": \"Wintle's Wonders Wintle's Wonders is a children's novel about a theatrical troupe by Noel Streatfeild. It was first published in 1957, and in 1958 was published in the US as Dancing Shoes, a title which has also been used in more recent UK editions. A number of Streatfeild's children's novels have undergone similar retitling, linking them to her most successful book, \\\"Ballet Shoes\\\". \\\"Wintle's Wonders\\\" draws on the author's own acting experience, and revisits the type of theatrical establishment seen in her adult novels \\\"The Whicharts\\\" and \\\"It Pays to be Good\\\". As the book begins, Rachel Lennox and her\",\n \"title\": \"Wintle's Wonders\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15831717\",\n \"text\": \"Janette Sebring Lowrey Janette Sebring Lowrey (March 2, 1892 – March 17, 1986) was an American children's writer, best known for writing the beloved children's classic, \\\"The Poky Little Puppy\\\". Janette Sebring Lowrey was born in Orange, Texas. Lowrey wrote dozens of books aimed at children and young adults from the 1930s to the 1970s, but \\\"The Poky Little Puppy\\\" remains her best known, selling over 15 million copies worldwide. Another well-known work of hers was \\\"Margaret\\\", a historical fiction young adult novel, which was published in 1950. It was adapted into \\\"\\\", a TV serial which aired on \\\"The\",\n \"title\": \"Janette Sebring Lowrey\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13061620\",\n \"text\": \"also wrote and produced). Best known as Roberta Leigh, she was born Rita Shulman in London to sometimes-poor Jewish parents who had emigrated from Russia. In 1948, she married Michael Lewin, with whom she had one son, and was widowed in 1981. She died age 87 on 19 December 2014. Leigh wrote her first romantic fiction at age 14, while still a schoolgirl at St Mary’s convent in Rhyl. She published a romance in 1950 as Roberta Leigh, the first of over 160 novels. She also published children's books and romances under the pseudonyms Janey Scott, Rachel Lindsay and Rozella\",\n \"title\": \"Roberta Leigh\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16707239\",\n \"text\": \"and Lee Crowley all worked on the series. Teddybears (TV series) Teddybears was a children's television programme broadcast on ITV from 1997 to 2000, based on the books by Susanna Gretz. The show was about the life of five coloured teddy bears and their dog Fred. The show was filmed by Meridian Broadcasting. Journalists have compared \\\"Teddybears\\\" as being similar to \\\"Teletubbies\\\". \\\"Teddybears\\\" is based on Susanna Gretz and Alison Sage's teddy bear books, the first of which was published almost 30 years before the TV programme's creation. \\\"Teddybear\\\"s inaugural season began on 5 January 1998. A 1999 article in\",\n \"title\": \"Teddybears (TV series)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9224847\",\n \"text\": \"adoption of her son David from Malawi. She continued publishing chapter books in the series, with another 12 books published from 2007–2008. The English Roses The English Roses is a children's picture book written by American entertainer Madonna, released on September 15, 2003, by Callaway Arts & Entertainment. The publishing company's owner Nicholas Callaway had always wanted the singer to write a children's book. Madonna took up the opportunity after her second marriage and being inspired by her Kabbalah teacher and her studies of Jewish mysticism. She wanted to write stories where the female protagonists have a more active role\",\n \"title\": \"The English Roses\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12718489\",\n \"text\": \"Aaron Blabey Aaron Blabey (born 1974) is an Australian author of children's books and artist, who until the mid-2000s was also an actor. He is the creator of two best-selling children's series; \\\"Pig the Pug\\\" – a picture book series about a mean-spirited little dog – and \\\"The Bad Guys\\\" – a New York Times bestselling graphic novel series for junior readers about a gang of scary-looking animals trying to change their bad reputations. In March 2018 it was announced that a film adaptation of \\\"The Bad Guys\\\" is in development at DreamWorks Animation with Blabey serving as an Executive\",\n \"title\": \"Aaron Blabey\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4312439\",\n \"text\": \"Twinkle Khanna Twinkle Khanna (born Tina Jatin Khanna on 29 December 1973) is an Indian author, newspaper columnist, film producer, former film actress and interior designer. Her first book \\\"Mrs Funnybones\\\" sold over one hundred thousand copies, making her India's highest-selling female writer of 2015. She repeated the success with her second book, \\\"The Legend of Lakshmi Prasad\\\", which also went on to sell over 100,000 copies by August 2017. She won the Crossword Book Award 2016 for Mrs Funnybones. Salaam Noni Appa, a story from the anthology has been adapted into a play directed by Lillette Dubey. She is\",\n \"title\": \"Twinkle Khanna\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2954360\",\n \"text\": \"introduced to the protagonists Ben, Tom, and Lindy, and thus to the reader, by the geneticist 'Professor Savant', a scholar of the Whangdoodle and its secret domain. Attempting to visit both, the scientist and children are opposed by the antagonist 'Prock' (the Whangdoodle's second-in-command), until his resources are exhausted by their tenacity. With Prock persuaded to grant their passage, the children discover that the Whangdoodle is oppressed by want of a mate, and convince Savant to create the latter. With this done, the two Whangdoodles are wedded at a great celebration, and the children return to their home. Some versions\",\n \"title\": \"Whangdoodle\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5397034\",\n \"text\": \"considered attending graduate school and perhaps working in languages for the U.S. State Department. However, she decided to give an acting career a chance. Within a short time, Peete found roles on a television series and in two films. Peete's children's book, \\\"My Brother Charlie\\\", won her an NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Literary Work in March 2011. In 2012 the book was awarded the Dolly Gray Children's Literature Award. In March 2016, a reality series debuted entitled \\\"For Peete's Sake\\\", documenting the everyday life of her family. Peete was born in Mount Airy, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, to Dolores and Matt\",\n \"title\": \"Holly Robinson Peete\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12584070\",\n \"text\": \"Robert Quackenbush Robert Mead Quackenbush (born July 23, 1929) is an American author and illustrator of children's books. As of 1999, he had authored 110 books and illustrated 60 more. He has written about many historical figures, such as \\\"Quick, Anne, Give Me a Catchy Line\\\", a children's book about the life and works of Samuel F. B. Morse (inventor of the telegraph), and \\\"Mark Twain? What Kind of Name Is That? : a story of Samuel Langhorne Clemens\\\", published in 1984. His most widely known book, \\\"Henry's Awful Mistake\\\", published by Parents Magazine Press in 1980, is present in\",\n \"title\": \"Robert Quackenbush\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4312452\",\n \"text\": \"removal of a kidney stone. She has maintained a Twitter account since November 2014. Twinkle Khanna Twinkle Khanna (born Tina Jatin Khanna on 29 December 1973) is an Indian author, newspaper columnist, film producer, former film actress and interior designer. Her first book \\\"Mrs Funnybones\\\" sold over one hundred thousand copies, making her India's highest-selling female writer of 2015. She repeated the success with her second book, \\\"The Legend of Lakshmi Prasad\\\", which also went on to sell over 100,000 copies by August 2017. She won the Crossword Book Award 2016 for Mrs Funnybones. Salaam Noni Appa, a story from\",\n \"title\": \"Twinkle Khanna\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2163736\",\n \"text\": \"She has also hosted a Sesame Street special, \\\"When Families Grieve\\\". The special, which aired on PBS on April 14, 2010, dealt with the issues that children go through when a parent dies. On February 6, 2011, Couric guest-starred on the post-Super Bowl episode of \\\"Glee\\\", playing herself interviewing Sue Sylvester after the cheerleading team lost the championship. Sylvester sarcastically referred to Couric as \\\"Diane Sawyer\\\" during the segment. Couric is the author of two children's books and a non-fiction collection of essays. Her children's books \\\"The Brand New Kid\\\" (2000) and \\\"The Blue Ribbon Day\\\" (2004) were illustrated by\",\n \"title\": \"Katie Couric\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1697697\",\n \"text\": \"P. L. Travers Pamela Lyndon Travers, (; born Helen Lyndon Goff; 9 August 1899 – 23 April 1996), was an Australian-born British writer who spent most of her career in England. She is best known for the \\\"Mary Poppins\\\" series of children's books, which feature the magical nanny Mary Poppins. Goff was born in Maryborough, Queensland, and grew up in the Australian bush before being sent to boarding school in Sydney. Her writing was first published as a teenager, and she also worked briefly as a professional Shakespearean actress. Upon emigrating to England at the age of 25, she took\",\n \"title\": \"P. L. Travers\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15831718\",\n \"text\": \"Mickey Mouse Club\\\" in 1958. Despite her success as an author, Lowrey herself remained in relative obscurity. Janette Sebring Lowrey Janette Sebring Lowrey (March 2, 1892 – March 17, 1986) was an American children's writer, best known for writing the beloved children's classic, \\\"The Poky Little Puppy\\\". Janette Sebring Lowrey was born in Orange, Texas. Lowrey wrote dozens of books aimed at children and young adults from the 1930s to the 1970s, but \\\"The Poky Little Puppy\\\" remains her best known, selling over 15 million copies worldwide. Another well-known work of hers was \\\"Margaret\\\", a historical fiction young adult novel,\",\n \"title\": \"Janette Sebring Lowrey\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"893980\",\n \"text\": \"Cate Tiernan Cate Tiernan (born July 24, 1961) is the pen name of Gabrielle Charbonnet, an American author. Writing as Cate Tiernan, she is best known for her \\\"Sweep\\\" series, which follows the Wiccan adventures of a cast of high school students. The stories are sold as the \\\"Wicca\\\" series in the UK, Belgium, The Netherlands and Australia, and as \\\"White Magic\\\" (\\\"Magie Blanche\\\") in Italy and France. Under her own name, she is chiefly known for children's books in the \\\"Princess\\\", \\\"American Gold Gymnasts\\\", and \\\"Disney Girls\\\" series. In 2008 and 2009, Charbonnet collaborated with author James Patterson on\",\n \"title\": \"Cate Tiernan\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17792435\",\n \"text\": \"1907: 1908: 1909: 1910: 1911: 1912: 1913: 1914: 1915: 1917: 1918: 1920: 1921: 1922: 1923: 1925: 1926: 1927: 1928: 1929: 1930: 1931: 1932: 1933: 1934: 1935: 1936: 1937: 1938: 1940: 1941: 1942: 1943: 1945: 1946: 1947: 1949: 1950: 1951: 1955: 1957: 1959: 1962: 1963: 1964: 1965: 1966: 1969: 1970: 1971: 1972: 1975: 1976: 1977: 1978: 1979: 1980: 1982: 1983: 1984: 1987: 1988: 1994: 1996: 2001: 2005–2006: 2006: 2011: 2013: 2016: Timeline of women's education This is a timeline of women's education. 1237 1239 1608 1636 1639 1644 1674 1678 1685 1727 1732 1742 1751 1783 1786 1787 1788 1803 1818\",\n \"title\": \"Timeline of women's education\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10915961\",\n \"text\": \"that had meant so much to them both. Eventually in 1994, spurred on by decades of letters and pleas from fans now grown up and wishing to share Pookie with their own children, Ivy and her daughters relaunched Pookie Productions Ltd, and republished her books which once again became international bestsellers. The Animal Shelf, animated by award-winning Cosgrove Hall Films, was a Children's BAFTA-nominated TV series on CITV, running to 52 episodes and broadcast in over 50 countries. In 1997 Ivy was the subject of the BBC Scotland documentary “Pookie Flies Again”. An exhibition of her life and work 'The\",\n \"title\": \"Ivy Wallace\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16577683\",\n \"text\": \"in 2009. Lady Gaga, a multiplatinum-selling singer and LGBT rights activist, came out as bisexual in 2009. Jack Gantos is an American author of children's books renowned for his fictional character Joey Pigza, a boy with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Gantos has won several literary awards, including the Newbery Honor, the Newbery Medal, the Printz Honor, and the Sibert Honor from the American Library Association. Angelina Jolie, an Academy Award-winning actress, came out as bisexual in 2003. When asked if she was bisexual, Jolie responded, \\\"Of course. If I fell in love with a woman tomorrow, would I feel that it's\",\n \"title\": \"Bisexuality in the United States\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12486983\",\n \"text\": \"CERN following construction of the Large Hadron Collider. Hawking quickly conceded that he had lost his bet and said that Higgs should win the Nobel Prize for Physics, which he did in 2013. In 2007, Hawking and his daughter Lucy published \\\"George's Secret Key to the Universe\\\", a children's book designed to explain theoretical physics in an accessible fashion and featuring characters similar to those in the Hawking family. The book was followed by sequels in 2009, 2011, 2014 and 2016. In 2002, following a UK-wide vote, the BBC included Hawking in their list of the 100 Greatest Britons. He\",\n \"title\": \"Stephen Hawking\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6153454\",\n \"text\": \"Lionel Shriver Lionel Shriver (born May 18, 1957) is an American journalist and author who lives in the United Kingdom. She is best known for her novel \\\"We Need to Talk About Kevin\\\", which won the Orange Prize for Fiction in 2005 and was adapted into the 2011 film of the same name, starring Tilda Swinton. Shriver was born Margaret Ann Shriver on May 18, 1957, in Gastonia, North Carolina, to a deeply religious family (her father is a Presbyterian minister). At age 15, she informally changed her name from Margaret Ann to Lionel because she did not like the\",\n \"title\": \"Lionel Shriver\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10876837\",\n \"text\": \"Since \\\"Party Girl\\\", Von Scherler Mayer has been writing and directing films, as well as directing television productions. Von Scherler Mayer directed \\\"Madeline\\\", a 1998 film based on Ludwig Bemelmans’ famous children’s books about the adventures of a young redhaired French girl. \\\"Madeline\\\" starred Frances McDormand, Nigel Hawthorne and Hatty Jones as Madeline. Von Scherler Mayer is married to film composer David Carbonara, with whom she has two daughters. Daisy von Scherler Mayer Daisy von Scherler Mayer, sometimes credited as Daisy Mayer (born 1965) is an American film and television director. Mayer is the daughter of actress Sasha von Scherler\",\n \"title\": \"Daisy von Scherler Mayer\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4820224\",\n \"text\": \"Ruby Ferguson Ruby Constance Annie Ferguson (\\\"née\\\" Ashby; 28 July 1899 – 11 November 1966), was a British writer of popular fiction, including children's books, romances, and mysteries. She is best known today for her \\\"Jill\\\" books, a series of Pullein-Thompsonesque pony books for children and young adults. Ferguson was born in Hebden Bridge and raised in Reeth, North Yorkshire. Her father was the Reverend David Ashby, a Wesleyan minister, and Ferguson herself later became a lay officer of the Methodist church. She received her education at Bradford Girls Grammar School and then at St Hilda's College at the University\",\n \"title\": \"Ruby Ferguson\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9696621\",\n \"text\": \"Ellen Conford Ellen Conford (March 20, 1942 – March 20, 2015) was an author for children and young adults. Among her writings are the \\\"Annabel the Actress\\\" and \\\"Jenny Archer\\\" series. Her books have won the Best Book of the Year Citation, Best Book of the International Interest Citation, Best Book of the Year for Children, Parents' Choice Award, and more. Several of her stories have been adapted for television, sometimes by Conford herself. Her children's book \\\"And This is Laura\\\" and the story \\\"Revenge of the Incredible Dr. Rancid and His Youthful Assistant, Jeffrey\\\" became ABC Weekend Specials, while\",\n \"title\": \"Ellen Conford\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5899679\",\n \"text\": \"further eight books, illustrated by Garth Williams, who had previously illustrated other children's classics like \\\"Charlotte's Web\\\" and \\\"Stuart Little,\\\" and Erik Blegvad. In 1977 Walt Disney Productions released the animated feature film \\\"The Rescuers\\\", which had critical acclaim and financial success when it was released, followed by a sequel, \\\"The Rescuers Down Under\\\" in 1990. Sharp died in Aldeburgh, Suffolk on 14 March 1991. In 2008 all of her adult books except for \\\"The Eye of Love\\\" were out of print, but in 2016 Kindle editions of ten of her novels were issued. Margery Sharp Clara Margery Melita Sharp\",\n \"title\": \"Margery Sharp\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8248682\",\n \"text\": \"Barbara Cooney Barbara Cooney (August 6, 1917 – March 10, 2000) was an American writer and illustrator of 110 children's books, published over sixty years. She received two Caldecott Medals for her work on \\\"Chanticleer and the Fox\\\" (1958) and \\\"Ox-Cart Man\\\" (1979), and a National Book Award for \\\"Miss Rumphius\\\" (1982). Her books have been translated into 10 languages. For her contribution as a children's illustrator, Cooney was the U.S. nominee in 1994 for the biennial, international Hans Christian Andersen Award, the highest international recognition for creators of children's books. Cooney was born on 6 August 1917 in Room\",\n \"title\": \"Barbara Cooney\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"605541\",\n \"text\": \"Amy Tan Amy Tan (born February 19, 1952) is an American writer whose works explore mother-daughter relationships and the Chinese American experience. Her novel \\\"The Joy Luck Club\\\" was adapted into a film in 1993 by director Wayne Wang. Tan has written several other novels, including \\\"The Kitchen God's Wife\\\", \\\"The Hundred Secret Senses\\\", \\\"The Bonesetter's Daughter\\\", \\\"Saving Fish from Drowning\\\", and \\\"The Valley of Amazement\\\". Tan's latest book is a memoir entitled \\\"Where The Past Begins: A Writer's Memoir\\\" (2017). In addition to these, Tan has written two children's books: \\\"The Moon Lady\\\" (1992) and \\\"Sagwa, the Chinese Siamese\",\n \"title\": \"Amy Tan\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10507548\",\n \"text\": \"Martha MacIsaac Martha MacIsaac (born October 11, 1984) is a Canadian actress. She has appeared in several feature films, including \\\"Superbad\\\" (2007), \\\"The Last House on the Left\\\" (2009), \\\"Dead Before Dawn\\\" (2012), and, most recently, \\\"Battle of the Sexes\\\" (2017). She has also worked in television and as a voice actress. MacIsaac was born and raised in Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, the youngest of three girls; her mother Irene was one of twelve. MacIsaac started her career playing Emily Byrd Starr in the \\\"Emily of New Moon\\\" television series, based on the books by Lucy Maud Montgomery. She has\",\n \"title\": \"Martha MacIsaac\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3729341\",\n \"text\": \"By Publishers in February 2010. Brian Parks' Companion to the Romney Marsh series of books was published in July 2006. Monica Edwards' last new title (Badger Valley) was published in 1976. She spent the next twenty years in traveling, reading and studying natural history. Bill Edwards died in October 1990 and Monica in January 1998. Monica Edwards Monica Edwards (née Monica le Doux Newton; 8 November 1912 – 18 January 1998) was an English children's writer of the mid-twentieth century best known for her Romney Marsh and Punchbowl Farm series of children's novels. She was born in Belper, Derbyshire on\",\n \"title\": \"Monica Edwards\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15629120\",\n \"text\": \"Awards, Echo Awards, and Connecticut Press Club. She is a member of WoVO(World Voices Organization, for professional international Voice Talents). In 2011 she narrated the 40-minute, National Science Foundation founded documentary \\\"Ease the Quiet Storm\\\". Since the early 1990s Kaye has narrated dozens of children's books for several well-known authors, including the 1991 children's book \\\"Zoo\\\" by Gail Gibbons, \\\"Walter the Farting Dog\\\" by William Kotzwinkle, the 1994 version of David Small's \\\"Imogene's Antler\\\", the 1997 audiobook of \\\"A Picture Book of Eleanor Roosevelt\\\" by David A. Adler, the 2001 book \\\"Hedgie's Surprise\\\" by award-winner Jan Brett, and 2007's \\\"The\",\n \"title\": \"Randye Kaye\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6123277\",\n \"text\": \"First Lady Laura Bush. She moved into the White House as a ten-week-old puppy on January 6, 2005, shortly before the beginning of President Bush's second term in office. The First Lady and her daughters Barbara and Jenna Bush named their new dog after a character from Oliver Butterworth's 1956 children's book, \\\"The Enormous Egg\\\". Miss Beazley and the Bushes' first Scottish Terrier, Barney, became well known United States presidential pets. In 2005, Miss Beazley and Barney were featured in the White House Christmas video, \\\"A Very Beazley Christmas\\\", for her first holiday in the White House. Miss Beazley continued\",\n \"title\": \"Miss Beazley (dog)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2220646\",\n \"text\": \"MacDonald's book, \\\"Anybody Can Do Anything\\\". In September 2016, Annie Parnell, MacDonald's great-granddaughter, published a follow-up to the series, \\\"Missy Piggle-Wiggle and the Whatever Cure\\\" in conjunction with Ann M. Martin, with illustrations by Ben Hatke. Betty MacDonald Betty MacDonald (March 26, 1907 – February 7, 1958) was an American author who specialized in humorous autobiographical tales, and is best known for her book \\\"The Egg and I\\\". She also wrote the \\\"Mrs. Piggle-Wiggle\\\" series of children's books. She is associated with the Pacific Northwest, especially Washington state. MacDonald was born Anne Elizabeth Campbell Bard in Boulder, Colorado. Her official\",\n \"title\": \"Betty MacDonald\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18824029\",\n \"text\": \"Morgan Griffin Morgan Griffin (born 4 June 1992) is an Australian actress. She made her on-screen debut in the popular children’s Series \\\"The Sleepover Club\\\" based on the international bestselling children's books. Her other notable roles include Heidi in \\\"September\\\" (2007) and Jess in \\\"Charlie & Boots\\\" (2009) alongside Australian veteran actor Paul Hogan and Shane Jacobson. Her international break came with roles in the films \\\"Nim's Island\\\" (2008) with Academy Award winner Jodie Foster and Abigail Breslin, \\\"Accidents Happen\\\" (2009) opposite Geena Davis; and in Angelina Jolie’s directorial debut film UNBROKEN. In 2014 she completed filming \\\"LOUDER THAN WORDS\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"Morgan Griffin\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16101322\",\n \"text\": \"and by many other feature films. In 2003, Mondo TV throughout MIM AG and in co-production with NDF, and Caligari Film, launched its 26 episodes series, \\\"Letters from Felix\\\", based on the Children's books by Annette Langen and Costanza Droop. It was followed by two 81-minute each featured films: \\\"Felix: All Around the World\\\", released in 2005, and \\\"Felix: The Toy Rabbit and the Time Machine\\\", released in 2006. In 2004 Mondo TV in co-production with RAI launched \\\"The Last of the Mohicans\\\", a 26-episode animated series based on the historical novel by James Fenimore Cooper. That same year Mondo\",\n \"title\": \"Mondo TV\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11889134\",\n \"text\": \"1998 German feature film \\\"Run Lola Run\\\" may also have raised the name's profile, as has Lola, a clever and inquisitive child character in a recently published series of children's picture books by Lauren Child. The naming of several children of celebrities in the past decade has increased the popularity of the name. Madonna uses the nickname \\\"Lola\\\" for her daughter Lourdes Leon, born in 1996. Entertainers Kelly Ripa, Chris Rock, Denise Richards and Charlie Sheen, Carnie Wilson and Annie Lennox all have daughters named Lola. The name was also used for a granddaughter of Camilla Parker Bowles. Lola (given\",\n \"title\": \"Lola (given name)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10894944\",\n \"text\": \"Blu de Golyer Blu de Golyer (born July 9, 1975) is an American writer and filmmaker. In 2013, Blu wrote and produced \\\"House of Good and Evil\\\", starring Rachel Marie Lewis and German actor Christian Oliver. In 2014, he wrote and produced the \\\"Hillbilly Horror Show\\\". Blu has also produced the film \\\"Noah's Ark\\\". Blu de Golyer is also a published author with his series of children's books \\\"The Adventures Of Captain Greenspud\\\". Blu de Golyer is the great nephew of stage actress Mary de Golyer (\\\"The Red Menace\\\" 1949). He is also related to oil tycoon Everette Lee DeGolyer.\",\n \"title\": \"Blu de Golyer\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11510172\",\n \"text\": \"Sarah Holland Sarah Holland (born November 1961 in Folkestone, Kent, England) is a writer, actress and singer best known for her 22 romantic novels for Harlequin which have been published in over 130 countries, selling millions of copies worldwide. She has also written for television, newspapers and the screen as well as appearing in films; most notably the multi-award-winning Texan movie \\\"Artois the Goat\\\" (2009) and a supporting role with Academy Award-winning American actor Jack Palance in \\\"Treasure Island\\\" (1999). Holland wrote her first book, \\\"Too Hot To Handle\\\" at 18, and became one of the youngest romantic novelists in\",\n \"title\": \"Sarah Holland\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7032558\",\n \"text\": \"Sophie Kinsella Madeleine Sophie Wickham (née Townley; born 12 December 1969), also known under the pen name Sophie Kinsella, is an English author of chick lit. The first two novels in her best-selling Shopaholic series, \\\"The Secret Dreamworld of a Shopaholic\\\" and \\\"Shopaholic Abroad\\\", were adapted into the film \\\"Confessions of a Shopaholic\\\" (2009). Her books have been translated into over 30 languages. Sophie was born on 12 December 1969, the eldest daughter of David R. and Patricia B. (née Kinsella) Townley. The eldest sister of fellow writers Gemma and Abigail Townley, Sophie Kinsella was educated at Putney High School,\",\n \"title\": \"Sophie Kinsella\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"900356\",\n \"text\": \"Bonnie Franklin, Melissa Gilbert, Danielle Brisebois, Erika Eleniak, Max Pomeranc, Christina Ricci, Shelley Fabares, Candace Cameron Bure, Karron Graves, Gaby Hoffmann, Hilary Duff, Molly Ringwald, Stacy Ferguson, Jennifer Love Hewitt, Lisa Whelchel, Sarah Michelle Gellar, Soleil Moon Frye, Melissa Joan Hart, Dean Stockwell, Fred Savage, Neil Patrick Harris, Michelle Chia, Shawn Lee, Joshua Ang, Aloysius Pang, and other Academy Award winners and nominees include; Mickey Rooney, Judy Garland, Jake Gyllenhaal, Joaquin Phoenix, Helen Hunt, Irene Cara, Reese Witherspoon, Hilary Swank, Christian Bale, Saoirse Ronan, Brie Larson, Elizabeth Taylor, and Leonardo DiCaprio. Many actors' careers are short-lived and this is also\",\n \"title\": \"Child actor\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15425927\",\n \"text\": \"2000, she began writing books for children in collaboration with her mother, starting with \\\"Dumpy the Dumptruck\\\". They wrote 13 \\\"Dumpy\\\" books, of which 12 were illustrated by her father Tony Walton, who had remained friends with her mother despite their divorce. Walton-Hamilton and Andrews have co-written 31 children's books, including the \\\"Dumpy\\\" books, \\\"The Great American Mousical\\\" (2006), also illustrated by Walton, two \\\"Bonnie Boadicea\\\" novels for middle schoolers, the New York Times bestselling\\\"The Very Fairy Princess\\\" (2010) series, and two unrelated novels. They have also co-edited two anthologies of poetry and songs, and one concept book, \\\"Thanks to\",\n \"title\": \"Emma Walton Hamilton\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"compressed_ctxs_1":{"kind":"string","value":"{\n \"compressed_prompt\": \"Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\\n\\ntitle: The Last of the Really Great Whangdoodles context: The Last of the Really Great Whangdoodles The Last of the Really Great Whangdoodles is a children's novel written by Jul Edwards, the married name of singer and actress Dame Julie Andrews. More recent editions credit the book to \\\"Julie Andrews Edwards\\\". Three siblings, Ben, Tom, and Melinda Potter (better known as Lindy), meet Professor Savant while visiting the zoo one rainy day. On Halloween, Lindy dares to knock on the spookiest house on the block, which happens to belong to the Professor, and the three become more acquainted with him. After a second meeting, they begin spending time at\\n\\nThe Last Of The Really Great Whangdoodles and Mandy are children's books written by what well-known Oscar-winning actress?\",\n \"compressed_tokens\": 208,\n \"origin_tokens\": 208,\n \"ratio\": \"1.0x\",\n \"saving\": \", Saving $0.0 in GPT-4.\"\n}"},"compressed_ctxs_100":{"kind":"string","value":"{\n \"compressed_prompt\": \"Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\\n\\ntitle: The Last of the Really Great Whangdoodles context: of another denizen, the Whiffle Bird, to outwit the traps. The kids at last meet the last Whangdoodle. It turns out he wants a female Whangdoodle to be his queen, so he won't be lonely, and Professor Savant's knowledge and talents have the ability to grant the Whangdoodle just that. That is, if the Professor can figure out exactly how to do it. The Last of the Really Great Whangdoodles The Last of the Really Great Whangdoodles is a children's novel written by Jul Edwards, the married name of singer and actress Dame Julie Andrews. More recent editions credit the\\n\\ntitleangdole context: against forest where Whangdoodles live. of fire of the book refers to the centip asangdoodle. and the Chocolate Factory Willy Wonka mentions that he saved the Oompa Loompas Whangdood and various other monsters A different Whangdoodle described in the children's novelThe Last of the Really Great Whangdoodles\\\" by singer and actress Dame Julie Andrewunder her married name of Julie): intelligent ungulate-like character capable of to suit emotions, from whose hind grow a new and different set of bedroom slippers year It is\\n\\ntitledoles: The Reallydoodles The Reallyangdood' Julie of singer and actressame book \\\"Jul Andrews\\\". siblings Ben,, and Melterbetter as Lindy), while visit rainy. Halloween Lind to knock the sp block, happens belong to and three more with., begin sp time\\n\\ntitle: Scat which causes it to. According. \\\" incade. in \\\"The\\\" by Julie Andrews Edwards. This particular Splintercat answers to the Prime Minister of Whangdoodland and also enjoys playing Cat's cradle. Splintercat The splintercat (\\\"Felynx arbordiffisus\\\") is a legendary creature and fictional animal in the United States. The splintercat is a nocturnal feline animal of great ferocity. It flies through the\\n\\nThe Last Of The Really Great Whangdoodles and Mandy are children's books written by what well-known Oscar-winning actress?\",\n \"compressed_tokens\": 493,\n \"origin_tokens\": 15834,\n \"ratio\": \"32.1x\",\n \"saving\": \", Saving $0.9 in GPT-4.\"\n}"}}},{"rowIdx":273,"cells":{"id":{"kind":"number","value":273,"string":"273"},"question":{"kind":"string","value":"By what pseudonym is writer Frederick Dannay Manfred Bennington Lee better known?"},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["Manfred B. Lee","Frederic Dannay","Manfred Bennington Lee","Manfred Lee","Barnaby Ross","Pseud. Ellery Queen","Lee, Manfred Bennington","Dannay, Frederic","Ellery Queen"],"string":"[\n \"Manfred B. Lee\",\n \"Frederic Dannay\",\n \"Manfred Bennington Lee\",\n \"Manfred Lee\",\n \"Barnaby Ross\",\n \"Pseud. Ellery Queen\",\n \"Lee, Manfred Bennington\",\n \"Dannay, Frederic\",\n \"Ellery Queen\"\n]","isConversational":false},"target":{"kind":"string","value":"Ellery Queen"},"ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"id":"18077259","text":"Kurt. Kurt has a heart attack and dies. Afterward Brown calls the police and confesses the entire story, but police press do not charges as he is able to help them bring down the international drug ring with which Kurt was working. Kill As Directed Kill As Directed is a novel that was published in 1963 by writing team of Daniel Nathan, alias Frederic Dannay (October 20, 1905 – September 3, 1982) and Manford (Emanuel) Lepofsky, alias Manfred Bennington Lee (January 11, 1905 – April 3, 1971) under the pseudonym Ellery Queen. Harrison Brown is a young doctor who is","title":"Kill As Directed"},{"id":"18077254","text":"Kill As Directed Kill As Directed is a novel that was published in 1963 by writing team of Daniel Nathan, alias Frederic Dannay (October 20, 1905 – September 3, 1982) and Manford (Emanuel) Lepofsky, alias Manfred Bennington Lee (January 11, 1905 – April 3, 1971) under the pseudonym Ellery Queen. Harrison Brown is a young doctor who is a couple of years removed from medical school and has gone through his father’s modest inheritance trying to set up his private practice. An old friend, Tony Mitchell, who was a lawyer that had a casual professional relationship with Brown’s father, visits","title":"Kill As Directed"},{"id":"1379229","text":"Dannay and Lee also commissioned other authors to write crime thrillers under the Ellery Queen authorial name, but not featuring Ellery Queen as a character. Daniel Nathan, professionally known as Frederic Dannay (October 20, 1905 – September 3, 1982), and Emanuel Benjamin Lepofsky, professionally known as Manfred Bennington Lee (January 11, 1905 – April 3, 1971), were American cousins from Brooklyn, New York. In addition to writing most of the novels and short stories starring the brilliant amateur detective Ellery Queen, Dannay and Lee edited more than thirty popular anthologies of crime fiction and true crime, which were also published","title":"Ellery Queen"},{"id":"100830","text":"developed... Where was the detective story until Poe breathed the breath of life into it?\" Ellery Queen is a fictional detective-hero, created by Manfred Bennington Lee (1905-1971), and Frederic Dannay (1905～1982), as well as a joint pseudonym for the cousins Dannay and Lee. Ellery Queen first appeared in \"The Roman Hat Mystery\" (1929), and was the hero of more than 30 novels and several short story collections, During the 1930s and much of the 1940s, that detective-hero was possibly the best known American fictional detective. Many detectives appear in more than one novel or story. Here is a list of","title":"Detective fiction"},{"id":"1379228","text":"Ellery Queen Ellery Queen is a crime fiction pseudonym created in 1929 by Frederic Dannay and Manfred Bennington Lee, and later used by other authors under Dannay and Lee's supervision. Dannay and Lee's main fictional character, whom they also named Ellery Queen, is a mystery writer in New York City who helps his police inspector father solve baffling murders. Most of the more than thirty novels and several short story collections in which Ellery Queen appeared as a character were written by Dannay and Lee, and were among the most popular American mysteries published between 1929 and 1971. From 1961,","title":"Ellery Queen"},{"id":"1590999","text":"magazines in the 1930s and 1940s increased interest in mystery fiction. Pulp magazines decreased in popularity in the 1950s with the rise of television so much that the numerous titles available then are reduced to two today: \"Alfred Hitchcock's Mystery Magazine\" and \"Ellery Queen's Mystery Magazine\". The detective fiction author Ellery Queen (pseudonym of Frederic Dannay and Manfred B. Lee) is also credited with continuing interest in mystery fiction. Interest in mystery fiction continues to this day because of various television shows which have used mystery themes and the many juvenile and adult novels which continue to be published. There","title":"Mystery fiction"},{"id":"1379262","text":"Magician\" and \"The Mystery of the Vanished Victim\" starred \"Gulliver Queen\", Ellery's nephew. Two collections of true crime stories (based on material gathered by anonymous researchers) written by Lee alone, which were originally published in \"The American Weekly\". All written by Dannay and Lee. Other short story collections exist, such as \"More Adventures of Ellery Queen\" (1940), which reprint stories from two previous collections. and many more Ellery Queen Ellery Queen is a crime fiction pseudonym created in 1929 by Frederic Dannay and Manfred Bennington Lee, and later used by other authors under Dannay and Lee's supervision. Dannay and Lee's","title":"Ellery Queen"},{"id":"1379235","text":"outlived his cousin by eleven years, the Ellery Queen authorial name died with Manfred Lee. The last novel starring the character Ellery Queen, \"A Fine and Private Place\", was published in 1971, the year of Lee's death. However, \"Ellery Queen's Mystery Magazine\", now published by Dell Magazines, continues as a crime fiction magazine as of 2018, currently publishing six \"double issues\" per year. Ellery Queen was created in 1928 when Dannay and Lee entered a writing contest sponsored by \"McClure's\" magazine for the best first mystery novel. They decided to use as their collective pseudonym the same name that they","title":"Ellery Queen"},{"id":"512418","text":"the attempt was not entirely successful – and the two are still sometimes confused by booksellers. A pen name may be used specifically to hide the identity of the author, as in the case of exposé books about espionage or crime, or explicit erotic fiction. Some prolific authors adopt a pseudonym to disguise the extent of their published output, e.g. Stephen King writing as Richard Bachman. Co-authors may choose to publish under a collective pseudonym, e.g., P. J. Tracy and Perri O'Shaughnessy. Frederic Dannay and Manfred Lee used the name Ellery Queen as both a pen name for their collaborative","title":"Pseudonym"},{"id":"3031341","text":"Ellery Queen's Mystery Magazine Ellery Queen's Mystery Magazine is an American digest size fiction magazine specializing in crime fiction, particularly detective fiction, and mystery fiction. Launched in fall 1941 by Mercury Press, EQMM is named after the fictitious author Ellery Queen, who wrote novels and short stories about a fictional detective named Ellery Queen. From 1993, EQMM changed its cover title to be \"Ellery Queen Mystery Magazine\" (without the 's), but the table of contents still retains the full name. Ellery Queen was the pseudonym of the team of Frederic Dannay and Manfred B. Lee, who had been writing under","title":"Ellery Queen's Mystery Magazine"},{"id":"10921997","text":"The Origin of Evil The Origin of Evil is a mystery novel by Ellery Queen (pseudonym of American writers Manfred B. Lee and Frederic Dannay), published in 1951. It is set in Los Angeles, US. The beautiful young Laurel Hill asks Ellery Queen to investigate a series of unusual anonymous gifts that have been received by her father, Leander Hill, half of Hill and Priam, Wholesale Jewelers. Roger Priam is Leander's partner, who uses a wheelchair. The latest gift, a dead dog with a mysterious note in a silver casket around its neck, has caused Leander to have a heart","title":"The Origin of Evil"},{"id":"565270","text":"Sutherland, and the editor Victoria Holmes. Collaborative authors may have also their works published under a single pen name. Frederic Dannay and Manfred B. Lee published their mystery novels and stories under the pen name Ellery Queen, as well as publishing the work of ghost-writers under the same name. The writers of \"Atlanta Nights\", a deliberately bad book intended to embarrass the publishing firm PublishAmerica, used the pen name Travis Tea. Additionally, the credited author of \"The Expanse\", James S.A. Corey, is an amalgam of the middle names of collaborating writers Daniel Abraham and Ty Franck respectively, while S.A. are","title":"Pen name"},{"id":"1379232","text":"work that remained in print for many years. Under their collective pseudonym, the cousins were given the Grand Master Award for achievements in the field of the mystery story by the Mystery Writers of America in 1961. The fictional Ellery Queen was the hero of more than 30 novels and several short story collections, written by Dannay and Lee and published under the Ellery Queen pseudonym. Dannay and Lee also wrote four novels about a detective named Drury Lane using the pseudonym Barnaby Ross. They allowed the Ellery Queen name to be used as a house name for a number","title":"Ellery Queen"},{"id":"10437537","text":"the young heir, was born in 1905. This is at odds with accounts in the earliest Queen stories, but Frederic Dannay and Manfred B. Lee, who co-wrote the novels under the \"Ellery Queen\" pen name, were both born in 1905. To quote some negative criticism of the novel: \"Rhymed threats of murder, accompanied by symbolic objectives, bewilder the guests and annoy the reader. The pervasive vulgarity renders the trick plot even less believable and justifies the contempt of those who dismiss all crime fiction as puerile.\" The Finishing Stroke The Finishing Stroke is a mystery novel by Ellery Queen, published","title":"The Finishing Stroke"},{"id":"1379230","text":"under the Ellery Queen pseudonym. Dannay was the founder and longtime editor of \"Ellery Queen's Mystery Magazine\", which has been published continuously from 1941 to the present. Dannay and Lee also wrote four mysteries under the pseudonym Barnaby Ross, a name that they later allowed another author to use. Several juvenile novels were credited to Ellery Queen, Jr. In a successful series of novels and short stories that covered 42 years, \"Ellery Queen\" served as a joint pseudonym for the cousins Dannay and Lee, as well as the name of the primary detective-hero they created. During the 1930s and much","title":"Ellery Queen"},{"id":"1379251","text":"featured Inspector Thumm (at first of the New York police, then later a private investigator) and his crime-solving daughter Patience. The Drury Lane novels are in the whodunit style. \"The Tragedy of X\" and \"The Tragedy of Y\" are variations on the locked-room mystery format. \"The Tragedy of Y\" bears some resemblance to the Ellery Queen novel \"There Was an Old Woman\": both are about eccentric families headed by a matriarch. In the early 1930s, before Dannay and Lee's identity as the authors had been made public, \"Ellery Queen\" and \"Barnaby Ross\" staged a series of public debates in which","title":"Ellery Queen"},{"id":"4505610","text":"each winners of the prestigious \"Prix du Roman d'Aventures\", awarded each year to the best work of detective fiction, French or foreign: Boileau for \"Le Repos de Bacchus\" during 1938 and Narcejac for \"La Mort est du Voyage\" during 1948, each a so-called locked-room mystery. The pair met during 1948 at the award dinner for Narcejac, to which Boileauas a prior winnerhad also been invited. Their collaboration began soon afterward, with Boileau providing the plots and Narcejac the atmosphere and characterisation, not unlike Frederic Dannay and Manfred Lee (\"Ellery Queen\"). Boileau-Narcejac also wrote the \"Sans Atout\" juvenile fiction series. They","title":"Boileau-Narcejac"},{"id":"1379236","text":"had given their detective. Inspired by the formula and style of the Philo Vance novels by S. S. Van Dine, their entry won the contest, but before it could be published, the magazine closed. Undeterred, the cousins took their novel to other publishers, and \"The Roman Hat Mystery\" was published in 1929. According to H. R. F. Keating, \"Later the cousins took a sharper view of the Philo Vance character, Manfred Lee calling him, with typical vehemence, 'the biggest prig that ever came down the pike'.\" \"The Roman Hat Mystery\" established a reliable template: a geographic formula title (\"The Dutch","title":"Ellery Queen"},{"id":"1379234","text":"as the outlines of the characters and Manfred Lee clothed it all in words. But it is unlikely to have been as clear cut as that.\" According to critic Otto Penzler, \"As an anthologist, Ellery Queen is without peer, his taste unequalled. As a bibliographer and a collector of the detective short story, Queen is, again, a historical personage. Indeed, Ellery Queen clearly is, after Poe, the most important American in mystery fiction.\" British crime novelist Margery Allingham wrote that Ellery Queen had \"done far more for the detective story than any other two men put together\". Although Frederic Dannay","title":"Ellery Queen"},{"id":"18090729","text":"Award awards from the Mystery Writers of America. The Adventures of Ellery Queen (radio program) The Adventures of Ellery Queen was a radio detective program in the United States. Several iterations of the program appeared on different networks, with the first one broadcast on CBS June 18, 1939, and the last on ABC May 27, 1948. \"The Adventures of Ellery Queen\" grew out of the combined efforts of producer-director George Zachary and writers Frederic Dannay and Manfred Lee. Dannay and Lee, who were cousins, originated the Ellery Queen character. Initially they wrote the program's scripts, and Zachary handled production. Beginning","title":"The Adventures of Ellery Queen (radio program)"},{"id":"18090724","text":"The Adventures of Ellery Queen (radio program) The Adventures of Ellery Queen was a radio detective program in the United States. Several iterations of the program appeared on different networks, with the first one broadcast on CBS June 18, 1939, and the last on ABC May 27, 1948. \"The Adventures of Ellery Queen\" grew out of the combined efforts of producer-director George Zachary and writers Frederic Dannay and Manfred Lee. Dannay and Lee, who were cousins, originated the Ellery Queen character. Initially they wrote the program's scripts, and Zachary handled production. Beginning in 1945, Anthony Boucher replaced Dannay and worked","title":"The Adventures of Ellery Queen (radio program)"},{"id":"11172","text":"named Solar Pons, of Praed Street in London. The series was greatly admired by such notable writers and critics of mystery and detective fiction as Ellery Queen (Frederic Dannay), Anthony Boucher, Vincent Starrett and Howard Haycraft. In his 1944 volume \"The Misadventures of Sherlock Holmes\", Ellery Queen wrote of Derleth's \"The Norcross Riddle\", an early Pons story: \"How many budding authors, not even old enough to vote, could have captured the spirit and atmosphere with as much fidelity?\" Queen adds, \"...and his choice of the euphonic Solar Pons is an appealing addition to the fascinating lore of Sherlockian nomenclature.\" Vincent","title":"August Derleth"},{"id":"3540825","text":"success of Lee's first book, readers began to wonder about his identity. Lee has never provided any photograph of himself or revealed anything about his personal life. Whenever he appears in public, he wears a mask and clothes that cover every inch of his body. Some reports say Russell Lee is white, posing as a local Singaporean. Others say he is Jim Aitchison (aka James Lee), but this has never been substantiated. In the books, Lee swears he is Singaporean, with the \"five stars and crescent moon imprinted on each blood cell\". As of 2017, 26 books in the \"True","title":"Russell Lee (writer)"},{"id":"1379233","text":"of novels written by other authors from outlines provided by Dannay, most of them published in the 1960s as paperback originals and not featuring Ellery Queen as a character. Dannay and Lee remained circumspect about their writing methods. Novelist and critic H. R. F. Keating wrote, \"How actually did they do it? Did they sit together and hammer the stuff out word by word? Did one write the dialogue and the other the narration? ... What eventually happened was that Fred Dannay, in principle, produced the plots, the clues, and what would have to be deduced from them as well","title":"Ellery Queen"},{"id":"16672596","text":"Ursula Torday Ursula Torday (; 19 February 1912 in London, England – 6 March 1997), was a British writer of some 60 gothic, romance and mystery novels from 1935 to 1982. She also used the pseudonyms of Paula Allardyce (), Charity Blackstock, Lee Blackstock, and Charlotte Keppel. In 1961, her novel \"Witches' Sabbath\" won the Romantic Novel of the Year Award by the Romantic Novelists' Association Ursula Joyce Torday was born on 19 February 1912 (in some sources wrongly 1888) in London, England, United Kingdom, daughter of mixed parentage, her mother Gaia Rose Macdonald, was Scottish, and her father Emil","title":"Ursula Torday"},{"id":"8731813","text":"Roach in poetry. Winner: Nominees: Winner: 2 Finalists: Nominees: Winner: Finalists: Nominees: Winner: Finalists: Nominees: Winner: Nominees: Winner: 2 Finalists: Nominees\":\" Winner: 2 Finalists: Nominees: Winner: 2 Finalists: Nominees: Winner: Nominees Winner: 2 Finalists: Nominees\":\" Winner: 2 Finalists: Nominees: Winner: 2 Finalists: Nominees: Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Nominees Winner Nominees Winner Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winners Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Nominees Winner","title":"Hurston-Wright Legacy Award"},{"id":"13382943","text":"1490s in poetry Nationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature (for instance, Irish or France). 1491: 1492: 1493: 1494: 1495: 1496: 1497: 1498: 1499: Death years link to the corresponding \"[year] in poetry\" article. There are conflicting or unreliable sources for the birth years of many people born in this period; where sources conflict, the poet is listed again and the conflict is noted: 1490: 1491: 1492: 1493: 1494: 1495: 1496: 1497: 1498: 1499: Birth years link to the corresponding \"[year] in poetry\" article: 1490: 1491: 1492: 1493: 1494: 1495: 1496: 1497: 1498: 1499:","title":"1490s in poetry"},{"id":"15347690","text":"In 2007 the Government of Alberta unilaterally cancelled the \"Interim Métis Harvesting Agreement\". The SRD adopted a replacement policy which Morton contended complied with Métis hunting rights as set out in the Supreme Court of Canada's \"R v Powley\" decision. In September 2011, CBC revealed that Norton had been using a \"nom de plume\" – his first and middle names – Frederick Lee – as \"covert email\" while serving as minister of Sustainable Resource Development (SRD). According to a former ministry staff member who spoke with the CBC, the SRD's communications director explained at a July 2007 meeting, to SRD","title":"Ted Morton"},{"id":"1370302","text":"and sky. Later on, when Joel tussles with Idabell (Aubrey Dollar), a tomboyish neighbor who becomes his best friend (a character inspired by the author Harper Lee), the movie has a special force and clarity in its evocation of the physical immediacy of being a child playing outdoors. Notes Bibliography Archival sources Truman Capote Truman Garcia Capote (; born Truman Streckfus Persons, September 30, 1924 – August 25, 1984) was an American novelist, short story writer, screenwriter, playwright, and actor. Several of his short stories, novels, and plays have been praised as literary classics, including the novella \"Breakfast at Tiffany's\"","title":"Truman Capote"},{"id":"13227474","text":"True Singapore Ghost Stories series continues to capture the imagination of Singaporeans.\" - THE STRAITS TIMES \"The material is just so incredibly rich... You just want to read on.\" - THE STRAITS TIMES \"True Singapore Ghost Stories Book 1 is Singapore’s all-time number one bestseller.\" - THE STAR \"Angsana’s Russell Lee is Singapore’s biggest-selling author by a long, long way!\" - THE BRITISH BROADCASTING CORPORATION \"The results of a Forbes survey commissioned by the National Library Board show that as many as four out of ten Singaporeans prefer to read horror-ghost stories... the most popular fiction is Russell Lee’s True","title":"True Singapore Ghost Stories"},{"id":"13382944","text":"Other events: 16th century: 1490s in poetry Nationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature (for instance, Irish or France). 1491: 1492: 1493: 1494: 1495: 1496: 1497: 1498: 1499: Death years link to the corresponding \"[year] in poetry\" article. There are conflicting or unreliable sources for the birth years of many people born in this period; where sources conflict, the poet is listed again and the conflict is noted: 1490: 1491: 1492: 1493: 1494: 1495: 1496: 1497: 1498: 1499: Birth years link to the corresponding \"[year] in poetry\" article: 1490: 1491: 1492: 1493: 1494: 1495:","title":"1490s in poetry"},{"id":"1379261","text":"edited and supervised by Dannay after Lee's death. Unless noted, these novels do not feature Ellery Queen as a character. These novels were edited by Lee and ghosted by various authors, including Frank Belknap Long (who admitted writing two without mentioning the titles), Samuel Duff McCoy, and James Clark Carlisle, Jr., who \"aroused the ire of Lee by farming out the writing of some of the books to a 'sub-ghost', which has made establishing authorship even worse\". All the \"Junior\" novels with a colour in their title starred Djuna (see Ellery Queen), the Queens' houseboy. \"The Mystery of the Merry","title":"Ellery Queen"},{"id":"3031353","text":"Japanese, French, Italian, German were all once available, but all ceased publication eventually. After Frederic Dannay passed away in 1982, Eleanor Sullivan succeeded his place and began to serve as editor of \"EQMM\". She was the managing editor of the magazine from 1970 to 1982, hand-picked by Frederic Dannay after an interview, and she has written many articles under a pen name for newspapers, magazines and books. During Eleanor Sullivan’s editorship, in 1985, The EQMM Readers Award began: it is an annual award selected by readers of\" EQMM \"of their favorite stories. Since then, it has become one of the","title":"Ellery Queen's Mystery Magazine"},{"id":"3031342","text":"the name since 1929. \"EQMM\" was created to provide a market for mystery fiction above the common run of pulp crime magazines of the day. Dannay served as the magazine's editor-in-chief (although still under the name Ellery Queen) from its creation until his death in 1982, when managing editor Eleanor Sullivan succeeded to the post. Following her death in 1991, Janet Hutchings became editor of \"EQMM\". In \"Bloody Murder\", Julian Symons offered this description of the publication: Around 4 years after Ellery Queen’s successful debut,\" The Roman Hat Mystery\", Dannay and Lee decided to produce a magazine that would publish","title":"Ellery Queen's Mystery Magazine"},{"id":"10394507","text":"but kept everything else the same. All stories that were first printed in \"Ten Detective Aces\" and that have since been reprinted have changed the name of Landin back to Banner.\" By the 1950s, Commings submitted stories to \"Ellery Queen's Mystery Magazine\", but Frederic Dannay (half of the writing/editorial team known as Ellery Queen) didn't like the character of Banner, so Commings was never printed in \"EQMM\". It wouldn't be until 1957 that Commings would be able to print another Banner story.\" In 1957, Commings published stories in an offbeat mystery magazine, \"Mystery Digest\". It was during this time that","title":"Joseph Commings"},{"id":"3555329","text":"Before the move to IDW, Peter David acknowledged that \"Fallen Angel\" was based on ideas he had been unable to use during his time writing \"Supergirl\" before it was cancelled, but stopped short of admitting that Lee was, in fact, Linda Lee Danvers (Supergirl). The DC run of the title is consistent with this hypothesis, which would also jibe with the expressed intent to form a \"bridge\" between DC's general-audience and supernatural imprints. Though David remained coy as to whether the two characters were one and the same during the DC run of the title, after it moved to IDW,","title":"Fallen Angel (comics)"},{"id":"1972952","text":"the idea of a free and self-regulating social order. He frequently made use of pseudonyms, including \"Julienne de Cherisy,\" \"Robert Desessarts,\" \"Jules-François Dupuis,\" \"Tristan Hannaniel,\" \"Anne de Launay,\" and \"Michel Thorgal.\" Recently he has been an advocate of a new type of strike, in which service and transportation workers provide services for free and refuse to collect payment or fares. In 2009 Vaneigem was interviewed by Hans Ulrich Obrist for e-flux. Raoul Vaneigem Raoul Vaneigem (; born 21 March 1934) is a Belgian writer known for his 1967 book \"The Revolution of Everyday Life\". He was born in Lessines (Hainaut,","title":"Raoul Vaneigem"},{"id":"10227472","text":"Jason Dark Jason Dark is the 'nom de plume' of Helmut Rellergerd, a prolific author of horror detective fiction in the German language. His work has been favourably compared to that of Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. Helmut Rellergerd pseudonym: Jason Dark (born January 25, 1945 in Altena-Dahle, Sauerland) is a German writer, under the pseudonym of Jason Dark. Jason Dark is one of the most read authors in Germany in his genre. Helmut Rellergerd was born in 1945 in Dahle, the Sauerland and grew up in Dortmund. He and wrote his first novel after he had finished school and the","title":"Jason Dark"},{"id":"5937417","text":"And the Hippos Were Boiled in Their Tanks And the Hippos Were Boiled in Their Tanks is a novel by Jack Kerouac and William S. Burroughs. It was written in 1945, a full decade before the two authors became famous as leading figures of the Beat Generation, and remained unpublished until 2008. The book consists of alternating chapters by each author writing as a different character. Burroughs (as William Lee, the pseudonym he would later use for his first published book, \"Junkie\") writes the character \"Will Dennison\" while Kerouac (as \"John Kerouac\"), takes on the character of \"Mike Ryko\". According","title":"And the Hippos Were Boiled in Their Tanks"},{"id":"8893158","text":"Bill Brittain William E. \"Bill\" Brittain (December 16, 1930 – December 16, 2011) was an American writer. He is best known for work set in the fictional New England village of Coven Tree, including \"The Wish Giver\", a Newbery Honor Book. Brittain was born in Rochester, New York. He decided he wanted to be a 5th-grade teacher, and in addition to teaching, used to read stories in mystery magazines. After some time, he decided he could do as good a job at writing as some of the authors he read; he got coaching on writing from Frederic Dannay of \"Ellery","title":"Bill Brittain"},{"id":"17792435","text":"1907: 1908: 1909: 1910: 1911: 1912: 1913: 1914: 1915: 1917: 1918: 1920: 1921: 1922: 1923: 1925: 1926: 1927: 1928: 1929: 1930: 1931: 1932: 1933: 1934: 1935: 1936: 1937: 1938: 1940: 1941: 1942: 1943: 1945: 1946: 1947: 1949: 1950: 1951: 1955: 1957: 1959: 1962: 1963: 1964: 1965: 1966: 1969: 1970: 1971: 1972: 1975: 1976: 1977: 1978: 1979: 1980: 1982: 1983: 1984: 1987: 1988: 1994: 1996: 2001: 2005–2006: 2006: 2011: 2013: 2016: Timeline of women's education This is a timeline of women's education. 1237 1239 1608 1636 1639 1644 1674 1678 1685 1727 1732 1742 1751 1783 1786 1787 1788 1803 1818","title":"Timeline of women's education"},{"id":"1379252","text":"one cousin impersonated Queen and the other impersonated Ross, both of them wearing masks to preserve their anonymity. According to H.R.F. Keating, \"People said Ross must be the wit and critic Alexander Woollcott and Queen S. S. Van Dine..., creator of the super-snob detective Philo Vance, on whom 'Ellery Queen' was indeed modeled.\" In the 1960s, the cousins allowed the Barnaby Ross name to be used as a pseudonym for the publication of a series of historical romance novels by Don Tracy. From the 1940s, republications of the Drury Lane books were mostly under the Ellery Queen name. The first","title":"Ellery Queen"},{"id":"8163350","text":"Brooke Magnanti Brooke Magnanti (born 5 November 1975) is an American-born naturalised British former research scientist, blogger, and writer, who, until her identity was revealed in November 2009, was known by the pen name Belle de Jour. While completing her doctoral studies, between 2003 and 2004, Magnanti supplemented her income by working as a London call girl known by the working name Taro. Her diary, published as the anonymous blog \"Belle de Jour: Diary of a London Call Girl\", became increasingly popular as speculation surrounded the identity of Belle de Jour. Remaining anonymous, Magnanti went on to have her experiences","title":"Brooke Magnanti"},{"id":"4694866","text":"the early 1960s made it possible for him to pursue the other consuming interest of his life: American musical theatre. During this time, he also began writing Western fiction as Frederick H. Christian, a pseudonym derived from his own, his wife Heidi's, and his oldest son's first names. Over the next decade, while working in publishing – with Transworld, then Penguin, Collins, and Granada in London, and later with Ballantine and Warner in New York - he produced 14 Westerns as well as a considerable body of journalism. On 4 July 1973, Nolan quit his job as a highly paid","title":"Frederick Nolan"},{"id":"9839704","text":"André Launay André Joseph Launay is a novelist, essayist, humourist and dramatist of French descent who writes in English under the pen names André Launay, Drew Launay, Andrew Laurance and Drew Lamark. He is the author of family dramas, psychic thrillers, humour and travel books published in the United Kingdom and in the US. Launay lives in Nerja, in the south of Spain; He has three children: record producer Nick Launay, film director Matthew Launay, artist and illustrator Melissa Launay, and three grandchildren; Lee, Lana, Nicolas & Samuel. Visit the Drew Launay website at https://web.archive.org/web/20100924085552/http://www.drewlaunay.com/ where his best sellers are","title":"André Launay"},{"id":"512415","text":"his pen name than his real name. One famous example of this is Samuel Clemens writing under the pen name Mark Twain. British mathematician Charles Dodgson, who wrote fantasy novels under the pen name Lewis Carroll and mathematical treatises under his own name, refused to open letters addressed to him as \"Lewis Carroll\". Some authors, such as Harold Robbins, use several literary pseudonyms. Some pen names have been used for long periods, even decades, without the author's true identity being discovered, such as Elena Ferrante and Torsten Krol. Some pen names are not strictly pseudonyms, as they are simply variants","title":"Pseudonym"},{"id":"1379231","text":"of the 1940s, that detective-hero was possibly the best known American fictional detective. Movies, radio shows, and television shows were based on Dannay and Lee's works. Frederic Dannay, without much involvement from Lee, was founding and directing editor of \"Ellery Queen's Mystery Magazine\", generally considered one of the most influential English-language crime fiction magazines of the last sixty-five years. They were also prominent historians in the field, editing numerous collections and anthologies of short stories such as \"The Misadventures of Sherlock Holmes\". Their 994-page anthology for the Modern Library, \"101 Years' Entertainment: The Great Detective Stories, 1841–1941\", was a landmark","title":"Ellery Queen"},{"id":"455910","text":"by his biographer after his death in 1997. Before Vollmer died, Burroughs had largely completed his first novel, \"Junkie\", which was written at the urging of Allen Ginsberg, who was instrumental in getting the work published, even as a cheap mass-market paperback. Ace Books published the novel in 1953 as part of an Ace Double under the pen name William Lee, retitling it \"Junkie: Confessions of an Unredeemed Drug Addict\" (it was later republished as \"Junkie\", then in 1977 as \"Junky\", and finally in 2003 as \"Junky: the definitive text of 'Junk,\"' edited by Oliver Harris'). During 1953, Burroughs was","title":"William S. Burroughs"},{"id":"9839705","text":"being published in most eBook formats. André Launay André Joseph Launay is a novelist, essayist, humourist and dramatist of French descent who writes in English under the pen names André Launay, Drew Launay, Andrew Laurance and Drew Lamark. He is the author of family dramas, psychic thrillers, humour and travel books published in the United Kingdom and in the US. Launay lives in Nerja, in the south of Spain; He has three children: record producer Nick Launay, film director Matthew Launay, artist and illustrator Melissa Launay, and three grandchildren; Lee, Lana, Nicolas & Samuel. Visit the Drew Launay website at","title":"André Launay"},{"id":"8807261","text":"and Harper Lee, nothing is known about Dara's background or the reasons why he writes under a pseudonym. And unlike the pseudonymous Elena Ferrante, Dara has never given an interview or commented on his books. However, he has responded on separate occasions about the influence of William Gaddis on his style. In an indirect reply to a query from the critic Tom LeClair—in which he confirmed that he uses a pseudonym—Dara denied having read either \"The Recognitions\" or \"J R\". In 2014, the critic Steven Moore followed up on this question: “Asked about Gaddis’s possible influence, Dara told me that","title":"Evan Dara"},{"id":"4615004","text":"1990s, two audiobook editions were released, one read by actor David Carradine, and another read by Burroughs himself. Junkie (novel) Junkie: Confessions of an Unredeemed Drug Addict (originally titled Junk, later released as Junky) is a novel by American beat generation writer William S. Burroughs, published initially under the pseudonym William Lee in 1953. His first published work, it is semi-autobiographical and focuses on Burroughs' life as a drug user and dealer. It has come to be considered a seminal text on the lifestyle of heroin addicts in the early 1950s. The novel was considered unpublishable more than it was","title":"Junkie (novel)"},{"id":"4789698","text":"Don Manley Don Manley (born 2 June 1945) is a long-serving setter of crosswords in the UK. He has supplied puzzles for the \"Radio Times\", \"The Spectator\", \"Today\", \"The Independent\", \"The Times\", \"The Daily Telegraph\", \"The Guardian\", and the \"Financial Times\" and the \"Sunday Times\" among others. He is crossword editor of \"Church Times\". He writes under the pseudonyms Duck, Pasquale, Quixote, Bradman, Giovanni,and Izetti (all punningly connected with the name Don or Donald). He has also written a book on devising and solving crosswords, \"Chambers Crossword Manual\" (1986, 5th edition October 2014). He has appeared on the BBC Radio","title":"Don Manley"},{"id":"4614995","text":"Junkie (novel) Junkie: Confessions of an Unredeemed Drug Addict (originally titled Junk, later released as Junky) is a novel by American beat generation writer William S. Burroughs, published initially under the pseudonym William Lee in 1953. His first published work, it is semi-autobiographical and focuses on Burroughs' life as a drug user and dealer. It has come to be considered a seminal text on the lifestyle of heroin addicts in the early 1950s. The novel was considered unpublishable more than it was controversial. Burroughs began it largely at the request and insistence of Allen Ginsberg, who was impressed by Burroughs’s","title":"Junkie (novel)"},{"id":"14229869","text":"Billie and the Real Belle Bare All Billie and the Real Belle Bare All is a one-off television programme that aired on ITV2 on 25 January 2010, ahead of the Series 3 premiere of \"Secret Diary of a Call Girl\". The programme, which took place at The May Fair, consisted of Billie Piper, who stars as Hannah Baxter in \"Secret Diary of a Call Girl\", interviewing Dr. Brooke Magnanti, a former call girl who, until November 2009 remained anonymous, known only by the pseudonym, \"Belle de Jour.\" Magnanti first rose to fame as a blogger who documented her life as","title":"Billie and the Real Belle Bare All"},{"id":"118140","text":"debts increased. Poe gave up on the university after a year, but did not feel welcome returning to Richmond, especially when he learned that his sweetheart Royster had married Alexander Shelton. He traveled to Boston in April 1827, sustaining himself with odd jobs as a clerk and newspaper writer. At some point, he started using the pseudonym Henri Le Rennet. Poe was unable to support himself, so he enlisted in the United States Army as a private on May 27, 1827, using the name \"Edgar A. Perry\". He claimed that he was even though he was 18. He first served","title":"Edgar Allan Poe"},{"id":"55228","text":"Historie\", though, is generally considered to be a reliable source. Johnson may have been an assumed alias. As Johnson's accounts have been corroborated in personal and official dispatches, Lee (1974) considers that whoever he was, he had some access to official correspondence. Konstam speculates further, suggesting that Johnson may have been the English playwright Charles Johnson, the British publisher Charles Rivington, or the writer Daniel Defoe. In his 1951 work \"The Great Days of Piracy\", author George Woodbury wrote that Johnson is \"obviously a pseudonym\", continuing \"one cannot help suspecting that he may have been a pirate himself.\" Despite his","title":"Blackbeard"},{"id":"12058069","text":"1913 he went back to Melbourne, where he worked as a salesman before getting a job as a clerk in the Department of the Navy and began to devote his spare time to writing. He published his first novel \"The Coastlanders\", set in Tasmania, in 1918. He went on to write numerous novels, short stories, poems and a radio play, \"Stampede\" (1937), using his own name and a number of pseudonyms, such as Dennis Adair, Hugh Bohun, Wallace Dixon, Tas East and Eric North. He also jointly used the pseudonym Stephen Grey when writing with Capel Boake (the pseudonym of","title":"Bernard Cronin"},{"id":"2733138","text":"John Babbacombe Lee John Henry George Lee (1864 – c. 19 March 1945), better known as John \"Babbacombe\" Lee or \"The Man They Couldn't Hang\", was an Englishman famous for surviving three attempts to hang him for murder. Born in Abbotskerswell, Devon, Lee served in the Royal Navy, and was a known thief. In 1885, he was convicted of the brutal murder of his employer, Emma Keyse, at her home at Babbacombe Bay near Torquay on 15 November 1884 with a knife. The evidence was weak and circumstantial, amounting to little more than Lee having been the only male in","title":"John Babbacombe Lee"},{"id":"16850654","text":"Linda Sole Linda Sole (b. 1950 in Swindon, Wiltshire, England) is an awarded and prolific British writer of romance and suspense novels since 1980, she also writes under the pseudonyms of Lynn Granville, Anne Herries, Emma Quincey, and Juliana Linden. In 2004, her novel \"A Damnable Rogue \" won the Love Story of the Year Award by the Romantic Novelists' Association. Linda M. Sole was born on 1950 in Swindon, Wiltshire, England, UK, the daughter of a schoolteacher and a ladies hairdresser. At 9, her family moved to Ely in Cambridgeshire, where she attended the local school. After leaving High","title":"Linda Sole"},{"id":"12252042","text":"(cover-dated May 1941), using the pseudonym Stan Lee, which years later he would adopt as his legal name. Lee later explained in his autobiography and numerous other sources that because of the low social status of comic books, he was so embarrassed that he used a pen name so that nobody would associate his real name with comics when he some day wrote the Great American Novel. This initial story also introduced Captain America's trademark ricocheting shield-toss. He graduated from writing filler to actual comics with a backup feature, \"'Headline' Hunter, Foreign Correspondent\", two issues later. Lee's first superhero co-creation","title":"Stan Lee"},{"id":"9305456","text":"style often gives the impression that Löhndorff reports his own adventures. But in many cases this is not the case. However, his travels and adventures were a strong source of inspiration for his stories. The following bibliography lists the first editions of his novels as they are given in the Catalogue of the German National Library. Some of the crime novels he published under the pseudonym of \"Peter Dando\" were later republished under his real name. Many of Löhndorffs novels were translated to—all in all—at least 12 different languages: Danish, English, French, Flemish (Belgium), Italian, Serbo-Croatian, Dutch, Polish, Spanish, Swedish,","title":"Ernst Friedrich Löhndorff"},{"id":"7555245","text":"poem \"Waltzing Matilda\" (1895) is regarded as Australia's unofficial national anthem. Miles Franklin is the namesake of Australia's most prestigious literary prize, awarded annually to the best novel about Australian life. Its first recipient, Patrick White, went on to win the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1973. Australian winners of the Booker Prize include Peter Carey, Thomas Keneally and Richard Flanagan. Author David Malouf, playwright David Williamson and poet Les Murray are also renowned literary figures. Many of Australia's performing arts companies receive funding through the federal government's Australia Council. There is a symphony orchestra in each state, and a","title":"Australia"},{"id":"11485869","text":"has failed to place among the top four teams only once, in 2012.Below is the list of eight nations that have finished in the top two in Thomas Cup. 2018: 2016: 2014: 2012: 2010: 2008: 2006: 2004: 2002: 2000: 1998: 1996: 1994: 1992: 2018: 2016: 2014: 2012: 2010: 2008: 2006: 2004: 2002: 2000: 1998: 1996: 1994: 1992: 1990: 1988: 1986: 1984: 1981: 1978: 1975: 1972: 1969: 2017 2015 2013 2011 2009 Even though they actually have a balance of strength in all events, they are known for producing many great doubles in the men's category. Their doubles had conquered the","title":"Indonesia national badminton team"},{"id":"9463471","text":"James Lee (writer) Jim Aitchison (born 1947), better known by his pen name James Lee, is an Australian writer Born in Australia, Aitchison lived in Singapore as a permanent resident there since 1983 until 2010 when he returned to Langwarrin, Victoria. Before he became a full-time writer, Aitchison was a voice actor, and creative director of an advertising agency. He also published books on business and advertising. Aitchison's earliest work was a script for Grace Gibson Radio Productions under the pseudonym David Carrick called \"Under Her Spell\". While working for an advertising agency, Aitchison penned the first two episodes over","title":"James Lee (writer)"},{"id":"16672599","text":"She published her last novel in 1982. Her novel \"Miss Fenny\" (a.k.a. \"The Woman in the Woods\") as Charity (or Lee) Blackstock was nominated for an Edgar Award. In 1961, her novel \"Witches' Sabbath\" won the Romantic Novel of the Year Award by the Romantic Novelists' Association Ursula Torday died on 6 March 1997, at 85. Ursula Torday Ursula Torday (; 19 February 1912 in London, England – 6 March 1997), was a British writer of some 60 gothic, romance and mystery novels from 1935 to 1982. She also used the pseudonyms of Paula Allardyce (), Charity Blackstock, Lee Blackstock,","title":"Ursula Torday"},{"id":"1426726","text":"(b) Nicholas Cusanus in 1435. Then by (c) Jean-Charles de Borda in 1784. Later by (d) Hother Hage in 1860 and (e) Charles Dodgson (Lewis Carroll) in 1884. And finally by (f) Peter Emerson in 1986. With the possible exception of (e), none of these 'inventors' knew anything about the inventions of any of their predecessors. The \"Oxford English Dictionary\" credits Mollie Hunter (1922–2012) with following quotation regarding consensus: \"No single group has the right to ignore a consensus of thoughtful opinion\" Japanese companies normally use consensus decision-making, meaning that unanimous support on the board of directors is sought for","title":"Consensus decision-making"},{"id":"1602406","text":"outside immediately and pick up the pages,\" Shields wrote. When the novel was finally ready, the author opted to use the name \"Harper Lee\", rather than risk having her first name Nelle be misidentified as \"Nellie\". Published July 11, 1960, \"To Kill a Mockingbird\" was an immediate bestseller and won great critical acclaim, including the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction in 1961. It remains a bestseller, with more than 30 million copies in print. In 1999, it was voted \"Best Novel of the Century\" in a poll by the \"Library Journal\". Like Lee, the tomboy Scout of the novel is the","title":"Harper Lee"},{"id":"455969","text":"a November 2004 episode of the TV series \"\" included an evil character named Dr. Benway (named for an amoral physician who appears in a number of Burroughs' works.) This is an echo of the hospital scene in the movie \"Repo Man,\" made during Burroughs' life-time, in which both Dr. Benway and Mr. Lee (a Burroughs pen name) are paged. Burroughs was cited by Robert Anton Wilson as the first person to notice the \"23 Enigma\": Burroughs appears on the cover of The Beatles' eighth studio album, \"Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band\". Burroughs participated on numerous album releases by","title":"William S. Burroughs"},{"id":"5949831","text":"of Isaac Asimov's fictional group of mystery solvers the Black Widowers. Cant himself was the model for the Thomas Trumbull character. After Cant died, Asimov dedicated the collection \"Banquets of the Black Widowers\" (1984) to his memory and to that of Frederic Dannay. Gilbert Cant Gilbert Cant (September 16, 1909 – August 1, 1982) was a London-born American journalist. Cant arrived in the U.S. in 1934 and began working for the \"New York Post\" in 1937. He was a war correspondent in the Pacific during World War II and wrote three books on the subject, \"The War at Sea\", \"America's","title":"Gilbert Cant"},{"id":"5377578","text":"etc., all of which was published in the posthumous \"Voyage d'Egypte et de Nubie\". On 8 January 1741 he became a Fellow of the Royal Society of London, where his name was registered as \"Frederic Lewis Norden\". Frederic Louis Norden Frederic Louis Norden (22 October 1708 – 22 September 1742) was a Danish naval captain and explorer. Also known as \"Frederick\", \"Frederik\", \"Friderick\", \"Ludwig\", \"Ludvig\" and \"Lewis\", the name used on the first publication of his famous \"Voyage d'Egypte et de Nubie\" (Copenhagen, 1755) is \"Frederic Louis Norden\". His name is often shortened \"F. L. Norden\". Norden made a voyage","title":"Frederic Louis Norden"},{"id":"512439","text":"Ramones also had every member take the last name of Ramone. Henry John Deutschendorf Jr., an American singer-songwriter used the stage name John Denver. The Australian country musician born Robert Lane changed his name to Tex Morton. Reginald Kenneth Dwight legally changed his name to Elton John in 1972. Pseudonym A pseudonym () or alias () is a name that a person or group assumes for a particular purpose, which can differ from their first or true name (orthonym). Pseudonyms include stage names and user names, ring names, pen names, nicknames, aliases, superhero or villain identities and code names, gamer","title":"Pseudonym"},{"id":"4819670","text":"Supergirl (Linda Danvers) Linda Danvers, formerly known as \"Supergirl\", is a fictional comic book superhero appearing in books published by DC Comics. Created by writer Peter David and artist Gary Frank, she debuted in \"Supergirl\" vol.4 #1 (September 1996). She is not to be confused with Linda Lee Danvers, the secret identity used by the Kara Zor-El incarnation of Supergirl prior to the events of 1985's \"Crisis on Infinite Earths\". Peter David adapted Linda Danvers as a separate character based on that of Kara Zor-El, which had been wiped out of continuity by DC Comics to enhance Superman's status as","title":"Supergirl (Linda Danvers)"},{"id":"4789700","text":"grandsons, and a granddaughter. Don Manley Don Manley (born 2 June 1945) is a long-serving setter of crosswords in the UK. He has supplied puzzles for the \"Radio Times\", \"The Spectator\", \"Today\", \"The Independent\", \"The Times\", \"The Daily Telegraph\", \"The Guardian\", and the \"Financial Times\" and the \"Sunday Times\" among others. He is crossword editor of \"Church Times\". He writes under the pseudonyms Duck, Pasquale, Quixote, Bradman, Giovanni,and Izetti (all punningly connected with the name Don or Donald). He has also written a book on devising and solving crosswords, \"Chambers Crossword Manual\" (1986, 5th edition October 2014). He has appeared","title":"Don Manley"},{"id":"10227480","text":"horror, he replied that it was George W. Bush's activities, particularly in Iraq: these called forth veritable goosebumps of fright upon his skin, he said. Jason Dark Jason Dark is the 'nom de plume' of Helmut Rellergerd, a prolific author of horror detective fiction in the German language. His work has been favourably compared to that of Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. Helmut Rellergerd pseudonym: Jason Dark (born January 25, 1945 in Altena-Dahle, Sauerland) is a German writer, under the pseudonym of Jason Dark. Jason Dark is one of the most read authors in Germany in his genre. Helmut Rellergerd was","title":"Jason Dark"},{"id":"11075413","text":"Film Project (run by Paramount Pictures), and a finalist at the Asian American International Film Festival’s Screenwriting Competition. The romantic comedy was supposed to be billed as the feature film directorial debut of acclaimed actor and Tony Award-winning B.D. Wong. Wong left the project at some point very, very late in production, citing “artistic differences” that grew between Wong and the producers. He was replaced as director by Fay Ann Lee, the film’s writer and star. Subsequently, Wong request that his name be completely removed from the movie’s credits, despite the fact that he plays a major supporting role. The","title":"Falling for Grace"},{"id":"13250102","text":"delegative form and the concept of liquid democracy remains unclear. However, Bryan Ford in his paper Delegative Democracy explains the main principles of how it works. In 1884, Charles Dodgson (better known under his pseudonym Lewis Carroll) wrote about political candidates being able to grant their votes, the votes gained on top of the required number to win a seat, to others running for a seat in the Parliament. This could be seen as the first step towards delegative democracy. Based on the work of Jabbusch and James Green-Armytage, liquid democracy can be traced back to reports of William S.","title":"Delegative democracy"},{"id":"12342740","text":"is in control, the world is rudderless.\" Alan Moore Alan Moore (born 18 November 1953) is an English writer known primarily for his work in comic books including \"Watchmen\", \"V for Vendetta\", \"The Ballad of Halo Jones\" and \"From Hell\". Regarded by some as the best graphic novel writer in history, he is widely recognised among his peers and critics. He has occasionally used such pseudonyms as Curt Vile, Jill de Ray, and Translucia Baboon; also, reprints of some of his work have been credited to The Original Writer when Moore requested that his name be removed. Moore started writing","title":"Alan Moore"},{"id":"3595791","text":"and eventually finds out that his real name was Webb. He had previously been an operative of the Central Intelligence Agency in an elite project in Southeast Asia and Vietnam codenamed Medusa. Following the American forces' withdrawal from Vietnam, he joined Project Treadstone 71, where he was used as bait for the infamous European assassin Carlos the Jackal, and assumed the identity of a mock assassin, Jason Bourne. “Bourne\" took credit for various kills in China and the rest of Asia, acting as a rival to the Jackal, in order to draw him out of hiding. The story of \"The","title":"The Bourne Supremacy"},{"id":"2668667","text":"November 2014, The Guardian published a crossword with the grid and some clues compiled by him but completed by his friend and fellow compiler 'Philistine'. He was described as having a \"mischievous erudition, humility and courage.\" Graham's clue-writing style made him one of the best-loved of all setters. His style falls into a grouping sometimes referred to as \"Araucarian\". This style, of which \"The Guardian\"'s Bunthorne was another notable exponent, has influenced most of the current crop of Guardian setters and contrasts with the more rigid \"Ximenean\" style favoured by \"The Times\". Widely admired for his clever use of cross-references","title":"John Galbraith Graham"},{"id":"4614999","text":"libraries at the time did not buy Ace books, considering them trivial and without literary merit, and Ace paperbacks were never reviewed by literary critics. At the time of its publication, the novel was in a two-book (\"dos-à-dos\") omnibus edition (known as an \"Ace Double\") alongside a previously published 1941 novel called \"Narcotic Agent\" by Maurice Helbrant. Burroughs chose to use the pseudonym \"William Lee\", Lee being his mother's maiden name, for the writing credit. The subtitle of the work was \"Confessions of an Unredeemed Drug Addict\". This edition is a highly desired collectible and even below-average-condition copies have been","title":"Junkie (novel)"},{"id":"3973940","text":"to the song because country life is so intolerable. It is probably the only popular song ever written which contains a reference to brucellosis. The term \"dancing school\" has been used as a euphemism for a brothel since the mid-17th century. The album was dedicated to Ken Millar (1915–1983), a friend of Zevon's who was better known for writing mystery novels under the name Ross MacDonald. All songs written by Warren Zevon, unless otherwise indicated. Album Singles Bad Luck Streak in Dancing School Bad Luck Streak in Dancing School is the fourth studio album by American singer-songwriter Warren Zevon. The","title":"Bad Luck Streak in Dancing School"},{"id":"2703703","text":"continuation Bond novel; Amis had previously produced \"The James Bond Dossier\"—a critical analysis of the Bond books—under his own name, and \"The Book of Bond\", a tongue-in-cheek manual for prospective agents, using the pseudonym Lt.-Col. William (\"Bill\") Tanner. For the pseudonym, Peter Fleming - Ian Fleming's brother - initially suggested \"George Glidrose\". Jonathan Cape rejected this name, claiming that it had no selling or publicity power. Markham was then chosen. Despite this, Amis's involvement as continuation author was not a secret; American editions of the book identified Amis as the author, though the main Robert Markham credit remained. Amis had","title":"Robert Markham"},{"id":"10004916","text":"things of which we are necessarily ignorant\" describes a branch of philosophy studied by James Frederick Ferrier in the 19th century. Anthropologist Glenn Stone points out that most of the examples of agnotology (such as work promoting tobacco use) do not actually create a lack of knowledge so much as they create confusion. A more accurate term for such writing would be \"ainigmology\", from the root \"ainigma\" (as in \"enigma\"); in Greek this refers to riddles or to language that obscures the true meaning of a story. The availability of such large amounts of knowledge in this information age may","title":"Agnotology"},{"id":"512409","text":"a \"front\" name, such as by screenwriters blacklisted in Hollywood in the 1950s and 1960s. See also pseudepigraph, for \"falsely\" attributed authorship. Sometimes people change their name in such a manner that the new name becomes permanent and is used by all who know the person. This is not an alias or pseudonym, but in fact a new name. In many countries, including common law countries, a name change can be ratified by a court and become a person's new legal name. For example, in the 1960s, black civil rights campaigner Malcolm Little changed his surname to \"X\", to represent","title":"Pseudonym"},{"id":"4644975","text":"Beat the Devil (film) Beat the Devil is a 1953 adventure comedy film. The film was directed by John Huston, and starred Humphrey Bogart, Jennifer Jones and Gina Lollobrigida, and featured Robert Morley, Peter Lorre and Bernard Lee. Huston and Truman Capote wrote the screenplay, loosely based upon a novel of the same name by British journalist Claud Cockburn, writing under the pseudonym James Helvick. Huston made the film as a parody of a genre of film. Although often described as a parody of \"The Maltese Falcon\", which Huston directed and in which Bogart and Lorre appeared, this is not","title":"Beat the Devil (film)"},{"id":"12342641","text":"Alan Moore Alan Moore (born 18 November 1953) is an English writer known primarily for his work in comic books including \"Watchmen\", \"V for Vendetta\", \"The Ballad of Halo Jones\" and \"From Hell\". Regarded by some as the best graphic novel writer in history, he is widely recognised among his peers and critics. He has occasionally used such pseudonyms as Curt Vile, Jill de Ray, and Translucia Baboon; also, reprints of some of his work have been credited to The Original Writer when Moore requested that his name be removed. Moore started writing for British underground and alternative fanzines in","title":"Alan Moore"},{"id":"7915939","text":"Terry Harknett Terry Harknett (born 1936) is a British author. He is author of almost 200 books, mostly pulp novels in the western and crime genres. He has written as a ghostwriter for Peter Haining and under an array of pseudonyms, including George G. Gilman, Joseph Hedges, William M. James, Charles R. Pike, Thomas H. Stone, Frank Chandler, Jane Harman, Alex Peters, William Pine, William Terry, James Russell and David Ford. Some bibliographies list Adam Hardy as one of Harknett's pseudonyms, in fact a nom de plume of Kenneth Bulmer. This is an error resulting from incorrect copyright information printed","title":"Terry Harknett"},{"id":"15424198","text":"on hundreds of albums by a wide variety of artists, including the Beach Boys, Peggy Lee, Dolly Parton, Lionel Richie, Stevie Wonder and the Beatles (on their album \"Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band\"). He also wrote books in the 1980s on playing violin, guitar and trumpet. Bluestone lived with his wife \"Le Bluestone\". He died of complications of Parkinson's disease in 1992. 2008: 1999: 1956: 2004: 2003: 1991: 2010: 2009: 2007: 2004: 2003: 2002: 1968: 1965: 1959: 1958: 1957: 2007: 1958: 2010: Harry Bluestone Harry Bluestone (September 30, 1907 – December 22, 1992) was a British violinist who composed","title":"Harry Bluestone"},{"id":"10345068","text":"Anne Wingate Anne Wingate, born in 1943, is a mystery, fantasy, and romance writer currently living in Salt Lake City, Utah. She owns two publishing houses (including one with her husband), and publishes works under her own name as well as the pseudonyms Lee Martin and Martha G. Webb Wingate was born in 1943 as Martha Anne Guice in Savannah, Georgia, She grew up as a member of the Disciples of Christ Church, and is an adult convert to The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Prior to becoming a writer, she worked as a crime scene investigator. In","title":"Anne Wingate"},{"id":"512435","text":"whose full name is Bent Fabricius-Bjerre, wrote his biggest instrumental hit \"Alley Cat\" under the name Frank Bjorn. For a time, the musician Prince used an unpronounceable \"Love Symbol\" as a pseudonym (\"Prince\" is his actual first name rather than a stage name). He wrote the song \"Sugar Walls\" for Sheena Easton under the alias \"Alexander Nevermind\" and \"Manic Monday\" for The Bangles as \"Christopher Tracy\" (he also produced albums early in his career as \"Jamie Starr\"). Many Italian-American singers have used stage names as their birth names were difficult to pronounce, or considered too ethnic for American tastes. Singers","title":"Pseudonym"},{"id":"10302385","text":"Leif Panduro Leif Thormod Panduro (18 April 1923 – 16 January 1977) was a Danish writer, a novelist, short story writer and dramatist. A dentist by profession, he began in his thirties to write stories about people who can't conform to society's rules for one reason or another. \"Rend mig i traditionerne\", (Kick me in the traditions) from 1959 is about an adolescent who finally ends up in an asylum because he thinks society is mad. This novel was made into a film in 1979. \"Fern fra Danmark\" (Mr. Fern from Denmark) is about a man who wakes up in","title":"Leif Panduro"},{"id":"640804","text":"undesired image. Sometimes a performer adopts a name which is unusual or outlandish to attract attention. Other performers use a stage name in order to retain anonymity. The equivalent concept among writers is called a nom de plume or pen name. In radio, the term \"radio name\" or \"air name\" is used. Some individuals who are related to a celebrity take a different last name so they are not perceived to have received undue advantage from their family connection. Examples of these include Joan Fontaine (real name Joan de Havilland, sister of Olivia de Havilland), Luka Bloom (real name Kevin","title":"Stage name"},{"id":"1923110","text":"\"Tonight or Never\" which had recently been made into a motion picture. Garden is cited with other artistic figures of the period in Hugh MacDiarmid's poem \"A Drunk Man Looks at the Thistle\" (ll.30–2): <poem style=\"margin-left: 2em;\">Whaur's Isadora Duncan dancin nou, Is Mary Garden in Chicago still And Duncan Grant in Paris – and me fou?</poem> Allen Ginsberg contrasts the relative silence surrounding Garden's death with the uproar caused by the death of Jack Ruby in \"Bayonne Turnpike to Tuscarora,\" from the 1973 award-winning collection \"The Fall of America\": <poem style=\"margin-left: 2em;\"> Mary Garden dead in Aberdeen, New Years' 1967","title":"Mary Garden"},{"id":"14385105","text":"would have considerable doubt about making a diagnosis of epilepsy without further information. There are societies in many parts of the world dedicated to the enjoyment and promotion of his works and the investigation of his life. On Copenhagen Street in Islington is the Lewis Carroll Children's Library. In 1982, his great-nephew unveiled a memorial stone to him in Poets' Corner, Westminster Abbey. Lewis Carroll Charles Lutwidge Dodgson (; 27 January 1832 – 14 January 1898), better known by his pen name Lewis Carroll, was an English writer of world-famous children's fiction, notably \"Alice's Adventures in Wonderland\" and its sequel","title":"Lewis Carroll"},{"id":"1526115","text":"John le Carré David John Moore Cornwell (born 19 October 1931), better known by the pen name John le Carré (), is a British author of espionage novels. During the 1950s and 1960s, he worked for both the Security Service (MI5) and the Secret Intelligence Service (MI6). His third novel, \"The Spy Who Came in from the Cold\" (1963), became an international best-seller and remains one of his best-known works. Following the success of this novel, he left MI6 to become a full-time author. Several of his books have been adapted for film and television. In 2011, he was awarded","title":"John le Carré"},{"id":"2679658","text":"Louis Auchincloss Louis Stanton Auchincloss (; September 27, 1917 – January 26, 2010) was an American lawyer, novelist, historian, and essayist. He is best known as a novelist who parlayed his experiences into books exploring the experiences and psychology of American polite society and old money. His dry, ironic works of fiction continue the tradition of Henry James and Edith Wharton. He wrote his novels initially under the name Andrew Lee, the name of an ancestor who cursed any descendant who drank or smoked. Born in Lawrence, New York, Auchincloss was the son of Priscilla Dixon (née Stanton) and Joseph","title":"Louis Auchincloss"},{"id":"4509303","text":"had a home in Urmston; Herd had owned a local garage that still bears his name. Debbie Moore, founder of Pineapple Dance Studios was born in the area and Danielle Hope, the winner of BBC TV's Over the Rainbow, was also a resident. The 18th-century caricaturist and satirical poet John Collier, who used the pseudonym Tim Bobbins, was born in Urmston in 1708. A self-styled Lancashire Hogarth, his first and most famous work, \"A View of the Lancashire Dialect, or, Tummus and Mary\", appeared in 1746, the earliest significant piece of published Lancashire dialect. A local public house, \"The Tim","title":"Urmston"},{"id":"19855686","text":"continued writing in different fields, including a sci-fi film treatment, and editing six fine art books on such nationally meritorious painters as Millard Sheets and Ken Potter. From the 90's and into the millennium, Askew wrote about economics and the financial markets for a dozen years. He wrote speeches for the senior management of publicly traded companies as well as speeches on the importance of volunteering in local communities. Dennis Lee Askew Dennis Lee Askew (born April 19, 1953), also known as Den the Pen, is an American poet, musician, painter, author, journalist and community volunteer activist. Askew was raised","title":"Dennis Lee Askew"},{"id":"16850656","text":"of Emma Quincey. Sole and her husband, continued living in Cambridgeshire, with a second home in Norfolk, during years they spend their holidays in Spain. Linda Sole Linda Sole (b. 1950 in Swindon, Wiltshire, England) is an awarded and prolific British writer of romance and suspense novels since 1980, she also writes under the pseudonyms of Lynn Granville, Anne Herries, Emma Quincey, and Juliana Linden. In 2004, her novel \"A Damnable Rogue \" won the Love Story of the Year Award by the Romantic Novelists' Association. Linda M. Sole was born on 1950 in Swindon, Wiltshire, England, UK, the daughter","title":"Linda Sole"},{"id":"19510428","text":"Charles Franklin (author) Charles Franklin, the pen-name of Frank Hugh Usher, (22 October 1909 - 1976) born in Leicester, Leicestershire, a British author of mystery novels and spy novels. He also wrote under the pen-names Frank Usher, and Frank Lester. Little interested in the whodunit, still in vogue in England in the immediate post-war period, he followed in the footsteps of Peter Cheyney and David Hume and showed a clear penchant for Noir fiction and, less surprisingly, from the 1960s, for spy novels. Under the pseudonym Charles Franklin, he published his first novel, \"Exit Without Permit\", in 1946, with his","title":"Charles Franklin (author)"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"id\": \"18077259\",\n \"text\": \"Kurt. Kurt has a heart attack and dies. Afterward Brown calls the police and confesses the entire story, but police press do not charges as he is able to help them bring down the international drug ring with which Kurt was working. Kill As Directed Kill As Directed is a novel that was published in 1963 by writing team of Daniel Nathan, alias Frederic Dannay (October 20, 1905 – September 3, 1982) and Manford (Emanuel) Lepofsky, alias Manfred Bennington Lee (January 11, 1905 – April 3, 1971) under the pseudonym Ellery Queen. Harrison Brown is a young doctor who is\",\n \"title\": \"Kill As Directed\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18077254\",\n \"text\": \"Kill As Directed Kill As Directed is a novel that was published in 1963 by writing team of Daniel Nathan, alias Frederic Dannay (October 20, 1905 – September 3, 1982) and Manford (Emanuel) Lepofsky, alias Manfred Bennington Lee (January 11, 1905 – April 3, 1971) under the pseudonym Ellery Queen. Harrison Brown is a young doctor who is a couple of years removed from medical school and has gone through his father’s modest inheritance trying to set up his private practice. An old friend, Tony Mitchell, who was a lawyer that had a casual professional relationship with Brown’s father, visits\",\n \"title\": \"Kill As Directed\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1379229\",\n \"text\": \"Dannay and Lee also commissioned other authors to write crime thrillers under the Ellery Queen authorial name, but not featuring Ellery Queen as a character. Daniel Nathan, professionally known as Frederic Dannay (October 20, 1905 – September 3, 1982), and Emanuel Benjamin Lepofsky, professionally known as Manfred Bennington Lee (January 11, 1905 – April 3, 1971), were American cousins from Brooklyn, New York. In addition to writing most of the novels and short stories starring the brilliant amateur detective Ellery Queen, Dannay and Lee edited more than thirty popular anthologies of crime fiction and true crime, which were also published\",\n \"title\": \"Ellery Queen\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"100830\",\n \"text\": \"developed... Where was the detective story until Poe breathed the breath of life into it?\\\" Ellery Queen is a fictional detective-hero, created by Manfred Bennington Lee (1905-1971), and Frederic Dannay (1905～1982), as well as a joint pseudonym for the cousins Dannay and Lee. Ellery Queen first appeared in \\\"The Roman Hat Mystery\\\" (1929), and was the hero of more than 30 novels and several short story collections, During the 1930s and much of the 1940s, that detective-hero was possibly the best known American fictional detective. Many detectives appear in more than one novel or story. Here is a list of\",\n \"title\": \"Detective fiction\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1379228\",\n \"text\": \"Ellery Queen Ellery Queen is a crime fiction pseudonym created in 1929 by Frederic Dannay and Manfred Bennington Lee, and later used by other authors under Dannay and Lee's supervision. Dannay and Lee's main fictional character, whom they also named Ellery Queen, is a mystery writer in New York City who helps his police inspector father solve baffling murders. Most of the more than thirty novels and several short story collections in which Ellery Queen appeared as a character were written by Dannay and Lee, and were among the most popular American mysteries published between 1929 and 1971. From 1961,\",\n \"title\": \"Ellery Queen\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1590999\",\n \"text\": \"magazines in the 1930s and 1940s increased interest in mystery fiction. Pulp magazines decreased in popularity in the 1950s with the rise of television so much that the numerous titles available then are reduced to two today: \\\"Alfred Hitchcock's Mystery Magazine\\\" and \\\"Ellery Queen's Mystery Magazine\\\". The detective fiction author Ellery Queen (pseudonym of Frederic Dannay and Manfred B. Lee) is also credited with continuing interest in mystery fiction. Interest in mystery fiction continues to this day because of various television shows which have used mystery themes and the many juvenile and adult novels which continue to be published. There\",\n \"title\": \"Mystery fiction\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1379262\",\n \"text\": \"Magician\\\" and \\\"The Mystery of the Vanished Victim\\\" starred \\\"Gulliver Queen\\\", Ellery's nephew. Two collections of true crime stories (based on material gathered by anonymous researchers) written by Lee alone, which were originally published in \\\"The American Weekly\\\". All written by Dannay and Lee. Other short story collections exist, such as \\\"More Adventures of Ellery Queen\\\" (1940), which reprint stories from two previous collections. and many more Ellery Queen Ellery Queen is a crime fiction pseudonym created in 1929 by Frederic Dannay and Manfred Bennington Lee, and later used by other authors under Dannay and Lee's supervision. Dannay and Lee's\",\n \"title\": \"Ellery Queen\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1379235\",\n \"text\": \"outlived his cousin by eleven years, the Ellery Queen authorial name died with Manfred Lee. The last novel starring the character Ellery Queen, \\\"A Fine and Private Place\\\", was published in 1971, the year of Lee's death. However, \\\"Ellery Queen's Mystery Magazine\\\", now published by Dell Magazines, continues as a crime fiction magazine as of 2018, currently publishing six \\\"double issues\\\" per year. Ellery Queen was created in 1928 when Dannay and Lee entered a writing contest sponsored by \\\"McClure's\\\" magazine for the best first mystery novel. They decided to use as their collective pseudonym the same name that they\",\n \"title\": \"Ellery Queen\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"512418\",\n \"text\": \"the attempt was not entirely successful – and the two are still sometimes confused by booksellers. A pen name may be used specifically to hide the identity of the author, as in the case of exposé books about espionage or crime, or explicit erotic fiction. Some prolific authors adopt a pseudonym to disguise the extent of their published output, e.g. Stephen King writing as Richard Bachman. Co-authors may choose to publish under a collective pseudonym, e.g., P. J. Tracy and Perri O'Shaughnessy. Frederic Dannay and Manfred Lee used the name Ellery Queen as both a pen name for their collaborative\",\n \"title\": \"Pseudonym\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3031341\",\n \"text\": \"Ellery Queen's Mystery Magazine Ellery Queen's Mystery Magazine is an American digest size fiction magazine specializing in crime fiction, particularly detective fiction, and mystery fiction. Launched in fall 1941 by Mercury Press, EQMM is named after the fictitious author Ellery Queen, who wrote novels and short stories about a fictional detective named Ellery Queen. From 1993, EQMM changed its cover title to be \\\"Ellery Queen Mystery Magazine\\\" (without the 's), but the table of contents still retains the full name. Ellery Queen was the pseudonym of the team of Frederic Dannay and Manfred B. Lee, who had been writing under\",\n \"title\": \"Ellery Queen's Mystery Magazine\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10921997\",\n \"text\": \"The Origin of Evil The Origin of Evil is a mystery novel by Ellery Queen (pseudonym of American writers Manfred B. Lee and Frederic Dannay), published in 1951. It is set in Los Angeles, US. The beautiful young Laurel Hill asks Ellery Queen to investigate a series of unusual anonymous gifts that have been received by her father, Leander Hill, half of Hill and Priam, Wholesale Jewelers. Roger Priam is Leander's partner, who uses a wheelchair. The latest gift, a dead dog with a mysterious note in a silver casket around its neck, has caused Leander to have a heart\",\n \"title\": \"The Origin of Evil\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"565270\",\n \"text\": \"Sutherland, and the editor Victoria Holmes. Collaborative authors may have also their works published under a single pen name. Frederic Dannay and Manfred B. Lee published their mystery novels and stories under the pen name Ellery Queen, as well as publishing the work of ghost-writers under the same name. The writers of \\\"Atlanta Nights\\\", a deliberately bad book intended to embarrass the publishing firm PublishAmerica, used the pen name Travis Tea. Additionally, the credited author of \\\"The Expanse\\\", James S.A. Corey, is an amalgam of the middle names of collaborating writers Daniel Abraham and Ty Franck respectively, while S.A. are\",\n \"title\": \"Pen name\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1379232\",\n \"text\": \"work that remained in print for many years. Under their collective pseudonym, the cousins were given the Grand Master Award for achievements in the field of the mystery story by the Mystery Writers of America in 1961. The fictional Ellery Queen was the hero of more than 30 novels and several short story collections, written by Dannay and Lee and published under the Ellery Queen pseudonym. Dannay and Lee also wrote four novels about a detective named Drury Lane using the pseudonym Barnaby Ross. They allowed the Ellery Queen name to be used as a house name for a number\",\n \"title\": \"Ellery Queen\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10437537\",\n \"text\": \"the young heir, was born in 1905. This is at odds with accounts in the earliest Queen stories, but Frederic Dannay and Manfred B. Lee, who co-wrote the novels under the \\\"Ellery Queen\\\" pen name, were both born in 1905. To quote some negative criticism of the novel: \\\"Rhymed threats of murder, accompanied by symbolic objectives, bewilder the guests and annoy the reader. The pervasive vulgarity renders the trick plot even less believable and justifies the contempt of those who dismiss all crime fiction as puerile.\\\" The Finishing Stroke The Finishing Stroke is a mystery novel by Ellery Queen, published\",\n \"title\": \"The Finishing Stroke\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1379230\",\n \"text\": \"under the Ellery Queen pseudonym. Dannay was the founder and longtime editor of \\\"Ellery Queen's Mystery Magazine\\\", which has been published continuously from 1941 to the present. Dannay and Lee also wrote four mysteries under the pseudonym Barnaby Ross, a name that they later allowed another author to use. Several juvenile novels were credited to Ellery Queen, Jr. In a successful series of novels and short stories that covered 42 years, \\\"Ellery Queen\\\" served as a joint pseudonym for the cousins Dannay and Lee, as well as the name of the primary detective-hero they created. During the 1930s and much\",\n \"title\": \"Ellery Queen\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1379251\",\n \"text\": \"featured Inspector Thumm (at first of the New York police, then later a private investigator) and his crime-solving daughter Patience. The Drury Lane novels are in the whodunit style. \\\"The Tragedy of X\\\" and \\\"The Tragedy of Y\\\" are variations on the locked-room mystery format. \\\"The Tragedy of Y\\\" bears some resemblance to the Ellery Queen novel \\\"There Was an Old Woman\\\": both are about eccentric families headed by a matriarch. In the early 1930s, before Dannay and Lee's identity as the authors had been made public, \\\"Ellery Queen\\\" and \\\"Barnaby Ross\\\" staged a series of public debates in which\",\n \"title\": \"Ellery Queen\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4505610\",\n \"text\": \"each winners of the prestigious \\\"Prix du Roman d'Aventures\\\", awarded each year to the best work of detective fiction, French or foreign: Boileau for \\\"Le Repos de Bacchus\\\" during 1938 and Narcejac for \\\"La Mort est du Voyage\\\" during 1948, each a so-called locked-room mystery. The pair met during 1948 at the award dinner for Narcejac, to which Boileauas a prior winnerhad also been invited. Their collaboration began soon afterward, with Boileau providing the plots and Narcejac the atmosphere and characterisation, not unlike Frederic Dannay and Manfred Lee (\\\"Ellery Queen\\\"). Boileau-Narcejac also wrote the \\\"Sans Atout\\\" juvenile fiction series. They\",\n \"title\": \"Boileau-Narcejac\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1379236\",\n \"text\": \"had given their detective. Inspired by the formula and style of the Philo Vance novels by S. S. Van Dine, their entry won the contest, but before it could be published, the magazine closed. Undeterred, the cousins took their novel to other publishers, and \\\"The Roman Hat Mystery\\\" was published in 1929. According to H. R. F. Keating, \\\"Later the cousins took a sharper view of the Philo Vance character, Manfred Lee calling him, with typical vehemence, 'the biggest prig that ever came down the pike'.\\\" \\\"The Roman Hat Mystery\\\" established a reliable template: a geographic formula title (\\\"The Dutch\",\n \"title\": \"Ellery Queen\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1379234\",\n \"text\": \"as the outlines of the characters and Manfred Lee clothed it all in words. But it is unlikely to have been as clear cut as that.\\\" According to critic Otto Penzler, \\\"As an anthologist, Ellery Queen is without peer, his taste unequalled. As a bibliographer and a collector of the detective short story, Queen is, again, a historical personage. Indeed, Ellery Queen clearly is, after Poe, the most important American in mystery fiction.\\\" British crime novelist Margery Allingham wrote that Ellery Queen had \\\"done far more for the detective story than any other two men put together\\\". Although Frederic Dannay\",\n \"title\": \"Ellery Queen\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18090729\",\n \"text\": \"Award awards from the Mystery Writers of America. The Adventures of Ellery Queen (radio program) The Adventures of Ellery Queen was a radio detective program in the United States. Several iterations of the program appeared on different networks, with the first one broadcast on CBS June 18, 1939, and the last on ABC May 27, 1948. \\\"The Adventures of Ellery Queen\\\" grew out of the combined efforts of producer-director George Zachary and writers Frederic Dannay and Manfred Lee. Dannay and Lee, who were cousins, originated the Ellery Queen character. Initially they wrote the program's scripts, and Zachary handled production. Beginning\",\n \"title\": \"The Adventures of Ellery Queen (radio program)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18090724\",\n \"text\": \"The Adventures of Ellery Queen (radio program) The Adventures of Ellery Queen was a radio detective program in the United States. Several iterations of the program appeared on different networks, with the first one broadcast on CBS June 18, 1939, and the last on ABC May 27, 1948. \\\"The Adventures of Ellery Queen\\\" grew out of the combined efforts of producer-director George Zachary and writers Frederic Dannay and Manfred Lee. Dannay and Lee, who were cousins, originated the Ellery Queen character. Initially they wrote the program's scripts, and Zachary handled production. Beginning in 1945, Anthony Boucher replaced Dannay and worked\",\n \"title\": \"The Adventures of Ellery Queen (radio program)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11172\",\n \"text\": \"named Solar Pons, of Praed Street in London. The series was greatly admired by such notable writers and critics of mystery and detective fiction as Ellery Queen (Frederic Dannay), Anthony Boucher, Vincent Starrett and Howard Haycraft. In his 1944 volume \\\"The Misadventures of Sherlock Holmes\\\", Ellery Queen wrote of Derleth's \\\"The Norcross Riddle\\\", an early Pons story: \\\"How many budding authors, not even old enough to vote, could have captured the spirit and atmosphere with as much fidelity?\\\" Queen adds, \\\"...and his choice of the euphonic Solar Pons is an appealing addition to the fascinating lore of Sherlockian nomenclature.\\\" Vincent\",\n \"title\": \"August Derleth\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3540825\",\n \"text\": \"success of Lee's first book, readers began to wonder about his identity. Lee has never provided any photograph of himself or revealed anything about his personal life. Whenever he appears in public, he wears a mask and clothes that cover every inch of his body. Some reports say Russell Lee is white, posing as a local Singaporean. Others say he is Jim Aitchison (aka James Lee), but this has never been substantiated. In the books, Lee swears he is Singaporean, with the \\\"five stars and crescent moon imprinted on each blood cell\\\". As of 2017, 26 books in the \\\"True\",\n \"title\": \"Russell Lee (writer)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1379233\",\n \"text\": \"of novels written by other authors from outlines provided by Dannay, most of them published in the 1960s as paperback originals and not featuring Ellery Queen as a character. Dannay and Lee remained circumspect about their writing methods. Novelist and critic H. R. F. Keating wrote, \\\"How actually did they do it? Did they sit together and hammer the stuff out word by word? Did one write the dialogue and the other the narration? ... What eventually happened was that Fred Dannay, in principle, produced the plots, the clues, and what would have to be deduced from them as well\",\n \"title\": \"Ellery Queen\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16672596\",\n \"text\": \"Ursula Torday Ursula Torday (; 19 February 1912 in London, England – 6 March 1997), was a British writer of some 60 gothic, romance and mystery novels from 1935 to 1982. She also used the pseudonyms of Paula Allardyce (), Charity Blackstock, Lee Blackstock, and Charlotte Keppel. In 1961, her novel \\\"Witches' Sabbath\\\" won the Romantic Novel of the Year Award by the Romantic Novelists' Association Ursula Joyce Torday was born on 19 February 1912 (in some sources wrongly 1888) in London, England, United Kingdom, daughter of mixed parentage, her mother Gaia Rose Macdonald, was Scottish, and her father Emil\",\n \"title\": \"Ursula Torday\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8731813\",\n \"text\": \"Roach in poetry. Winner: Nominees: Winner: 2 Finalists: Nominees: Winner: Finalists: Nominees: Winner: Finalists: Nominees: Winner: Nominees: Winner: 2 Finalists: Nominees\\\":\\\" Winner: 2 Finalists: Nominees: Winner: 2 Finalists: Nominees: Winner: Nominees Winner: 2 Finalists: Nominees\\\":\\\" Winner: 2 Finalists: Nominees: Winner: 2 Finalists: Nominees: Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Nominees Winner Nominees Winner Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winners Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Nominees Winner\",\n \"title\": \"Hurston-Wright Legacy Award\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13382943\",\n \"text\": \"1490s in poetry Nationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature (for instance, Irish or France). 1491: 1492: 1493: 1494: 1495: 1496: 1497: 1498: 1499: Death years link to the corresponding \\\"[year] in poetry\\\" article. There are conflicting or unreliable sources for the birth years of many people born in this period; where sources conflict, the poet is listed again and the conflict is noted: 1490: 1491: 1492: 1493: 1494: 1495: 1496: 1497: 1498: 1499: Birth years link to the corresponding \\\"[year] in poetry\\\" article: 1490: 1491: 1492: 1493: 1494: 1495: 1496: 1497: 1498: 1499:\",\n \"title\": \"1490s in poetry\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15347690\",\n \"text\": \"In 2007 the Government of Alberta unilaterally cancelled the \\\"Interim Métis Harvesting Agreement\\\". The SRD adopted a replacement policy which Morton contended complied with Métis hunting rights as set out in the Supreme Court of Canada's \\\"R v Powley\\\" decision. In September 2011, CBC revealed that Norton had been using a \\\"nom de plume\\\" – his first and middle names – Frederick Lee – as \\\"covert email\\\" while serving as minister of Sustainable Resource Development (SRD). According to a former ministry staff member who spoke with the CBC, the SRD's communications director explained at a July 2007 meeting, to SRD\",\n \"title\": \"Ted Morton\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1370302\",\n \"text\": \"and sky. Later on, when Joel tussles with Idabell (Aubrey Dollar), a tomboyish neighbor who becomes his best friend (a character inspired by the author Harper Lee), the movie has a special force and clarity in its evocation of the physical immediacy of being a child playing outdoors. Notes Bibliography Archival sources Truman Capote Truman Garcia Capote (; born Truman Streckfus Persons, September 30, 1924 – August 25, 1984) was an American novelist, short story writer, screenwriter, playwright, and actor. Several of his short stories, novels, and plays have been praised as literary classics, including the novella \\\"Breakfast at Tiffany's\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"Truman Capote\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13227474\",\n \"text\": \"True Singapore Ghost Stories series continues to capture the imagination of Singaporeans.\\\" - THE STRAITS TIMES \\\"The material is just so incredibly rich... You just want to read on.\\\" - THE STRAITS TIMES \\\"True Singapore Ghost Stories Book 1 is Singapore’s all-time number one bestseller.\\\" - THE STAR \\\"Angsana’s Russell Lee is Singapore’s biggest-selling author by a long, long way!\\\" - THE BRITISH BROADCASTING CORPORATION \\\"The results of a Forbes survey commissioned by the National Library Board show that as many as four out of ten Singaporeans prefer to read horror-ghost stories... the most popular fiction is Russell Lee’s True\",\n \"title\": \"True Singapore Ghost Stories\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13382944\",\n \"text\": \"Other events: 16th century: 1490s in poetry Nationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature (for instance, Irish or France). 1491: 1492: 1493: 1494: 1495: 1496: 1497: 1498: 1499: Death years link to the corresponding \\\"[year] in poetry\\\" article. There are conflicting or unreliable sources for the birth years of many people born in this period; where sources conflict, the poet is listed again and the conflict is noted: 1490: 1491: 1492: 1493: 1494: 1495: 1496: 1497: 1498: 1499: Birth years link to the corresponding \\\"[year] in poetry\\\" article: 1490: 1491: 1492: 1493: 1494: 1495:\",\n \"title\": \"1490s in poetry\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1379261\",\n \"text\": \"edited and supervised by Dannay after Lee's death. Unless noted, these novels do not feature Ellery Queen as a character. These novels were edited by Lee and ghosted by various authors, including Frank Belknap Long (who admitted writing two without mentioning the titles), Samuel Duff McCoy, and James Clark Carlisle, Jr., who \\\"aroused the ire of Lee by farming out the writing of some of the books to a 'sub-ghost', which has made establishing authorship even worse\\\". All the \\\"Junior\\\" novels with a colour in their title starred Djuna (see Ellery Queen), the Queens' houseboy. \\\"The Mystery of the Merry\",\n \"title\": \"Ellery Queen\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3031353\",\n \"text\": \"Japanese, French, Italian, German were all once available, but all ceased publication eventually. After Frederic Dannay passed away in 1982, Eleanor Sullivan succeeded his place and began to serve as editor of \\\"EQMM\\\". She was the managing editor of the magazine from 1970 to 1982, hand-picked by Frederic Dannay after an interview, and she has written many articles under a pen name for newspapers, magazines and books. During Eleanor Sullivan’s editorship, in 1985, The EQMM Readers Award began: it is an annual award selected by readers of\\\" EQMM \\\"of their favorite stories. Since then, it has become one of the\",\n \"title\": \"Ellery Queen's Mystery Magazine\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3031342\",\n \"text\": \"the name since 1929. \\\"EQMM\\\" was created to provide a market for mystery fiction above the common run of pulp crime magazines of the day. Dannay served as the magazine's editor-in-chief (although still under the name Ellery Queen) from its creation until his death in 1982, when managing editor Eleanor Sullivan succeeded to the post. Following her death in 1991, Janet Hutchings became editor of \\\"EQMM\\\". In \\\"Bloody Murder\\\", Julian Symons offered this description of the publication: Around 4 years after Ellery Queen’s successful debut,\\\" The Roman Hat Mystery\\\", Dannay and Lee decided to produce a magazine that would publish\",\n \"title\": \"Ellery Queen's Mystery Magazine\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10394507\",\n \"text\": \"but kept everything else the same. All stories that were first printed in \\\"Ten Detective Aces\\\" and that have since been reprinted have changed the name of Landin back to Banner.\\\" By the 1950s, Commings submitted stories to \\\"Ellery Queen's Mystery Magazine\\\", but Frederic Dannay (half of the writing/editorial team known as Ellery Queen) didn't like the character of Banner, so Commings was never printed in \\\"EQMM\\\". It wouldn't be until 1957 that Commings would be able to print another Banner story.\\\" In 1957, Commings published stories in an offbeat mystery magazine, \\\"Mystery Digest\\\". It was during this time that\",\n \"title\": \"Joseph Commings\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3555329\",\n \"text\": \"Before the move to IDW, Peter David acknowledged that \\\"Fallen Angel\\\" was based on ideas he had been unable to use during his time writing \\\"Supergirl\\\" before it was cancelled, but stopped short of admitting that Lee was, in fact, Linda Lee Danvers (Supergirl). The DC run of the title is consistent with this hypothesis, which would also jibe with the expressed intent to form a \\\"bridge\\\" between DC's general-audience and supernatural imprints. Though David remained coy as to whether the two characters were one and the same during the DC run of the title, after it moved to IDW,\",\n \"title\": \"Fallen Angel (comics)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1972952\",\n \"text\": \"the idea of a free and self-regulating social order. He frequently made use of pseudonyms, including \\\"Julienne de Cherisy,\\\" \\\"Robert Desessarts,\\\" \\\"Jules-François Dupuis,\\\" \\\"Tristan Hannaniel,\\\" \\\"Anne de Launay,\\\" and \\\"Michel Thorgal.\\\" Recently he has been an advocate of a new type of strike, in which service and transportation workers provide services for free and refuse to collect payment or fares. In 2009 Vaneigem was interviewed by Hans Ulrich Obrist for e-flux. Raoul Vaneigem Raoul Vaneigem (; born 21 March 1934) is a Belgian writer known for his 1967 book \\\"The Revolution of Everyday Life\\\". He was born in Lessines (Hainaut,\",\n \"title\": \"Raoul Vaneigem\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10227472\",\n \"text\": \"Jason Dark Jason Dark is the 'nom de plume' of Helmut Rellergerd, a prolific author of horror detective fiction in the German language. His work has been favourably compared to that of Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. Helmut Rellergerd pseudonym: Jason Dark (born January 25, 1945 in Altena-Dahle, Sauerland) is a German writer, under the pseudonym of Jason Dark. Jason Dark is one of the most read authors in Germany in his genre. Helmut Rellergerd was born in 1945 in Dahle, the Sauerland and grew up in Dortmund. He and wrote his first novel after he had finished school and the\",\n \"title\": \"Jason Dark\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5937417\",\n \"text\": \"And the Hippos Were Boiled in Their Tanks And the Hippos Were Boiled in Their Tanks is a novel by Jack Kerouac and William S. Burroughs. It was written in 1945, a full decade before the two authors became famous as leading figures of the Beat Generation, and remained unpublished until 2008. The book consists of alternating chapters by each author writing as a different character. Burroughs (as William Lee, the pseudonym he would later use for his first published book, \\\"Junkie\\\") writes the character \\\"Will Dennison\\\" while Kerouac (as \\\"John Kerouac\\\"), takes on the character of \\\"Mike Ryko\\\". According\",\n \"title\": \"And the Hippos Were Boiled in Their Tanks\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8893158\",\n \"text\": \"Bill Brittain William E. \\\"Bill\\\" Brittain (December 16, 1930 – December 16, 2011) was an American writer. He is best known for work set in the fictional New England village of Coven Tree, including \\\"The Wish Giver\\\", a Newbery Honor Book. Brittain was born in Rochester, New York. He decided he wanted to be a 5th-grade teacher, and in addition to teaching, used to read stories in mystery magazines. After some time, he decided he could do as good a job at writing as some of the authors he read; he got coaching on writing from Frederic Dannay of \\\"Ellery\",\n \"title\": \"Bill Brittain\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17792435\",\n \"text\": \"1907: 1908: 1909: 1910: 1911: 1912: 1913: 1914: 1915: 1917: 1918: 1920: 1921: 1922: 1923: 1925: 1926: 1927: 1928: 1929: 1930: 1931: 1932: 1933: 1934: 1935: 1936: 1937: 1938: 1940: 1941: 1942: 1943: 1945: 1946: 1947: 1949: 1950: 1951: 1955: 1957: 1959: 1962: 1963: 1964: 1965: 1966: 1969: 1970: 1971: 1972: 1975: 1976: 1977: 1978: 1979: 1980: 1982: 1983: 1984: 1987: 1988: 1994: 1996: 2001: 2005–2006: 2006: 2011: 2013: 2016: Timeline of women's education This is a timeline of women's education. 1237 1239 1608 1636 1639 1644 1674 1678 1685 1727 1732 1742 1751 1783 1786 1787 1788 1803 1818\",\n \"title\": \"Timeline of women's education\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1379252\",\n \"text\": \"one cousin impersonated Queen and the other impersonated Ross, both of them wearing masks to preserve their anonymity. According to H.R.F. Keating, \\\"People said Ross must be the wit and critic Alexander Woollcott and Queen S. S. Van Dine..., creator of the super-snob detective Philo Vance, on whom 'Ellery Queen' was indeed modeled.\\\" In the 1960s, the cousins allowed the Barnaby Ross name to be used as a pseudonym for the publication of a series of historical romance novels by Don Tracy. From the 1940s, republications of the Drury Lane books were mostly under the Ellery Queen name. The first\",\n \"title\": \"Ellery Queen\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8163350\",\n \"text\": \"Brooke Magnanti Brooke Magnanti (born 5 November 1975) is an American-born naturalised British former research scientist, blogger, and writer, who, until her identity was revealed in November 2009, was known by the pen name Belle de Jour. While completing her doctoral studies, between 2003 and 2004, Magnanti supplemented her income by working as a London call girl known by the working name Taro. Her diary, published as the anonymous blog \\\"Belle de Jour: Diary of a London Call Girl\\\", became increasingly popular as speculation surrounded the identity of Belle de Jour. Remaining anonymous, Magnanti went on to have her experiences\",\n \"title\": \"Brooke Magnanti\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4694866\",\n \"text\": \"the early 1960s made it possible for him to pursue the other consuming interest of his life: American musical theatre. During this time, he also began writing Western fiction as Frederick H. Christian, a pseudonym derived from his own, his wife Heidi's, and his oldest son's first names. Over the next decade, while working in publishing – with Transworld, then Penguin, Collins, and Granada in London, and later with Ballantine and Warner in New York - he produced 14 Westerns as well as a considerable body of journalism. On 4 July 1973, Nolan quit his job as a highly paid\",\n \"title\": \"Frederick Nolan\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9839704\",\n \"text\": \"André Launay André Joseph Launay is a novelist, essayist, humourist and dramatist of French descent who writes in English under the pen names André Launay, Drew Launay, Andrew Laurance and Drew Lamark. He is the author of family dramas, psychic thrillers, humour and travel books published in the United Kingdom and in the US. Launay lives in Nerja, in the south of Spain; He has three children: record producer Nick Launay, film director Matthew Launay, artist and illustrator Melissa Launay, and three grandchildren; Lee, Lana, Nicolas & Samuel. Visit the Drew Launay website at https://web.archive.org/web/20100924085552/http://www.drewlaunay.com/ where his best sellers are\",\n \"title\": \"André Launay\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"512415\",\n \"text\": \"his pen name than his real name. One famous example of this is Samuel Clemens writing under the pen name Mark Twain. British mathematician Charles Dodgson, who wrote fantasy novels under the pen name Lewis Carroll and mathematical treatises under his own name, refused to open letters addressed to him as \\\"Lewis Carroll\\\". Some authors, such as Harold Robbins, use several literary pseudonyms. Some pen names have been used for long periods, even decades, without the author's true identity being discovered, such as Elena Ferrante and Torsten Krol. Some pen names are not strictly pseudonyms, as they are simply variants\",\n \"title\": \"Pseudonym\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1379231\",\n \"text\": \"of the 1940s, that detective-hero was possibly the best known American fictional detective. Movies, radio shows, and television shows were based on Dannay and Lee's works. Frederic Dannay, without much involvement from Lee, was founding and directing editor of \\\"Ellery Queen's Mystery Magazine\\\", generally considered one of the most influential English-language crime fiction magazines of the last sixty-five years. They were also prominent historians in the field, editing numerous collections and anthologies of short stories such as \\\"The Misadventures of Sherlock Holmes\\\". Their 994-page anthology for the Modern Library, \\\"101 Years' Entertainment: The Great Detective Stories, 1841–1941\\\", was a landmark\",\n \"title\": \"Ellery Queen\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"455910\",\n \"text\": \"by his biographer after his death in 1997. Before Vollmer died, Burroughs had largely completed his first novel, \\\"Junkie\\\", which was written at the urging of Allen Ginsberg, who was instrumental in getting the work published, even as a cheap mass-market paperback. Ace Books published the novel in 1953 as part of an Ace Double under the pen name William Lee, retitling it \\\"Junkie: Confessions of an Unredeemed Drug Addict\\\" (it was later republished as \\\"Junkie\\\", then in 1977 as \\\"Junky\\\", and finally in 2003 as \\\"Junky: the definitive text of 'Junk,\\\"' edited by Oliver Harris'). During 1953, Burroughs was\",\n \"title\": \"William S. Burroughs\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9839705\",\n \"text\": \"being published in most eBook formats. André Launay André Joseph Launay is a novelist, essayist, humourist and dramatist of French descent who writes in English under the pen names André Launay, Drew Launay, Andrew Laurance and Drew Lamark. He is the author of family dramas, psychic thrillers, humour and travel books published in the United Kingdom and in the US. Launay lives in Nerja, in the south of Spain; He has three children: record producer Nick Launay, film director Matthew Launay, artist and illustrator Melissa Launay, and three grandchildren; Lee, Lana, Nicolas & Samuel. Visit the Drew Launay website at\",\n \"title\": \"André Launay\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8807261\",\n \"text\": \"and Harper Lee, nothing is known about Dara's background or the reasons why he writes under a pseudonym. And unlike the pseudonymous Elena Ferrante, Dara has never given an interview or commented on his books. However, he has responded on separate occasions about the influence of William Gaddis on his style. In an indirect reply to a query from the critic Tom LeClair—in which he confirmed that he uses a pseudonym—Dara denied having read either \\\"The Recognitions\\\" or \\\"J R\\\". In 2014, the critic Steven Moore followed up on this question: “Asked about Gaddis’s possible influence, Dara told me that\",\n \"title\": \"Evan Dara\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4615004\",\n \"text\": \"1990s, two audiobook editions were released, one read by actor David Carradine, and another read by Burroughs himself. Junkie (novel) Junkie: Confessions of an Unredeemed Drug Addict (originally titled Junk, later released as Junky) is a novel by American beat generation writer William S. Burroughs, published initially under the pseudonym William Lee in 1953. His first published work, it is semi-autobiographical and focuses on Burroughs' life as a drug user and dealer. It has come to be considered a seminal text on the lifestyle of heroin addicts in the early 1950s. The novel was considered unpublishable more than it was\",\n \"title\": \"Junkie (novel)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4789698\",\n \"text\": \"Don Manley Don Manley (born 2 June 1945) is a long-serving setter of crosswords in the UK. He has supplied puzzles for the \\\"Radio Times\\\", \\\"The Spectator\\\", \\\"Today\\\", \\\"The Independent\\\", \\\"The Times\\\", \\\"The Daily Telegraph\\\", \\\"The Guardian\\\", and the \\\"Financial Times\\\" and the \\\"Sunday Times\\\" among others. He is crossword editor of \\\"Church Times\\\". He writes under the pseudonyms Duck, Pasquale, Quixote, Bradman, Giovanni,and Izetti (all punningly connected with the name Don or Donald). He has also written a book on devising and solving crosswords, \\\"Chambers Crossword Manual\\\" (1986, 5th edition October 2014). He has appeared on the BBC Radio\",\n \"title\": \"Don Manley\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4614995\",\n \"text\": \"Junkie (novel) Junkie: Confessions of an Unredeemed Drug Addict (originally titled Junk, later released as Junky) is a novel by American beat generation writer William S. Burroughs, published initially under the pseudonym William Lee in 1953. His first published work, it is semi-autobiographical and focuses on Burroughs' life as a drug user and dealer. It has come to be considered a seminal text on the lifestyle of heroin addicts in the early 1950s. The novel was considered unpublishable more than it was controversial. Burroughs began it largely at the request and insistence of Allen Ginsberg, who was impressed by Burroughs’s\",\n \"title\": \"Junkie (novel)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14229869\",\n \"text\": \"Billie and the Real Belle Bare All Billie and the Real Belle Bare All is a one-off television programme that aired on ITV2 on 25 January 2010, ahead of the Series 3 premiere of \\\"Secret Diary of a Call Girl\\\". The programme, which took place at The May Fair, consisted of Billie Piper, who stars as Hannah Baxter in \\\"Secret Diary of a Call Girl\\\", interviewing Dr. Brooke Magnanti, a former call girl who, until November 2009 remained anonymous, known only by the pseudonym, \\\"Belle de Jour.\\\" Magnanti first rose to fame as a blogger who documented her life as\",\n \"title\": \"Billie and the Real Belle Bare All\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"118140\",\n \"text\": \"debts increased. Poe gave up on the university after a year, but did not feel welcome returning to Richmond, especially when he learned that his sweetheart Royster had married Alexander Shelton. He traveled to Boston in April 1827, sustaining himself with odd jobs as a clerk and newspaper writer. At some point, he started using the pseudonym Henri Le Rennet. Poe was unable to support himself, so he enlisted in the United States Army as a private on May 27, 1827, using the name \\\"Edgar A. Perry\\\". He claimed that he was even though he was 18. He first served\",\n \"title\": \"Edgar Allan Poe\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"55228\",\n \"text\": \"Historie\\\", though, is generally considered to be a reliable source. Johnson may have been an assumed alias. As Johnson's accounts have been corroborated in personal and official dispatches, Lee (1974) considers that whoever he was, he had some access to official correspondence. Konstam speculates further, suggesting that Johnson may have been the English playwright Charles Johnson, the British publisher Charles Rivington, or the writer Daniel Defoe. In his 1951 work \\\"The Great Days of Piracy\\\", author George Woodbury wrote that Johnson is \\\"obviously a pseudonym\\\", continuing \\\"one cannot help suspecting that he may have been a pirate himself.\\\" Despite his\",\n \"title\": \"Blackbeard\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12058069\",\n \"text\": \"1913 he went back to Melbourne, where he worked as a salesman before getting a job as a clerk in the Department of the Navy and began to devote his spare time to writing. He published his first novel \\\"The Coastlanders\\\", set in Tasmania, in 1918. He went on to write numerous novels, short stories, poems and a radio play, \\\"Stampede\\\" (1937), using his own name and a number of pseudonyms, such as Dennis Adair, Hugh Bohun, Wallace Dixon, Tas East and Eric North. He also jointly used the pseudonym Stephen Grey when writing with Capel Boake (the pseudonym of\",\n \"title\": \"Bernard Cronin\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2733138\",\n \"text\": \"John Babbacombe Lee John Henry George Lee (1864 – c. 19 March 1945), better known as John \\\"Babbacombe\\\" Lee or \\\"The Man They Couldn't Hang\\\", was an Englishman famous for surviving three attempts to hang him for murder. Born in Abbotskerswell, Devon, Lee served in the Royal Navy, and was a known thief. In 1885, he was convicted of the brutal murder of his employer, Emma Keyse, at her home at Babbacombe Bay near Torquay on 15 November 1884 with a knife. The evidence was weak and circumstantial, amounting to little more than Lee having been the only male in\",\n \"title\": \"John Babbacombe Lee\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16850654\",\n \"text\": \"Linda Sole Linda Sole (b. 1950 in Swindon, Wiltshire, England) is an awarded and prolific British writer of romance and suspense novels since 1980, she also writes under the pseudonyms of Lynn Granville, Anne Herries, Emma Quincey, and Juliana Linden. In 2004, her novel \\\"A Damnable Rogue \\\" won the Love Story of the Year Award by the Romantic Novelists' Association. Linda M. Sole was born on 1950 in Swindon, Wiltshire, England, UK, the daughter of a schoolteacher and a ladies hairdresser. At 9, her family moved to Ely in Cambridgeshire, where she attended the local school. After leaving High\",\n \"title\": \"Linda Sole\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12252042\",\n \"text\": \"(cover-dated May 1941), using the pseudonym Stan Lee, which years later he would adopt as his legal name. Lee later explained in his autobiography and numerous other sources that because of the low social status of comic books, he was so embarrassed that he used a pen name so that nobody would associate his real name with comics when he some day wrote the Great American Novel. This initial story also introduced Captain America's trademark ricocheting shield-toss. He graduated from writing filler to actual comics with a backup feature, \\\"'Headline' Hunter, Foreign Correspondent\\\", two issues later. Lee's first superhero co-creation\",\n \"title\": \"Stan Lee\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9305456\",\n \"text\": \"style often gives the impression that Löhndorff reports his own adventures. But in many cases this is not the case. However, his travels and adventures were a strong source of inspiration for his stories. The following bibliography lists the first editions of his novels as they are given in the Catalogue of the German National Library. Some of the crime novels he published under the pseudonym of \\\"Peter Dando\\\" were later republished under his real name. Many of Löhndorffs novels were translated to—all in all—at least 12 different languages: Danish, English, French, Flemish (Belgium), Italian, Serbo-Croatian, Dutch, Polish, Spanish, Swedish,\",\n \"title\": \"Ernst Friedrich Löhndorff\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7555245\",\n \"text\": \"poem \\\"Waltzing Matilda\\\" (1895) is regarded as Australia's unofficial national anthem. Miles Franklin is the namesake of Australia's most prestigious literary prize, awarded annually to the best novel about Australian life. Its first recipient, Patrick White, went on to win the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1973. Australian winners of the Booker Prize include Peter Carey, Thomas Keneally and Richard Flanagan. Author David Malouf, playwright David Williamson and poet Les Murray are also renowned literary figures. Many of Australia's performing arts companies receive funding through the federal government's Australia Council. There is a symphony orchestra in each state, and a\",\n \"title\": \"Australia\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11485869\",\n \"text\": \"has failed to place among the top four teams only once, in 2012.Below is the list of eight nations that have finished in the top two in Thomas Cup. 2018: 2016: 2014: 2012: 2010: 2008: 2006: 2004: 2002: 2000: 1998: 1996: 1994: 1992: 2018: 2016: 2014: 2012: 2010: 2008: 2006: 2004: 2002: 2000: 1998: 1996: 1994: 1992: 1990: 1988: 1986: 1984: 1981: 1978: 1975: 1972: 1969: 2017 2015 2013 2011 2009 Even though they actually have a balance of strength in all events, they are known for producing many great doubles in the men's category. Their doubles had conquered the\",\n \"title\": \"Indonesia national badminton team\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9463471\",\n \"text\": \"James Lee (writer) Jim Aitchison (born 1947), better known by his pen name James Lee, is an Australian writer Born in Australia, Aitchison lived in Singapore as a permanent resident there since 1983 until 2010 when he returned to Langwarrin, Victoria. Before he became a full-time writer, Aitchison was a voice actor, and creative director of an advertising agency. He also published books on business and advertising. Aitchison's earliest work was a script for Grace Gibson Radio Productions under the pseudonym David Carrick called \\\"Under Her Spell\\\". While working for an advertising agency, Aitchison penned the first two episodes over\",\n \"title\": \"James Lee (writer)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16672599\",\n \"text\": \"She published her last novel in 1982. Her novel \\\"Miss Fenny\\\" (a.k.a. \\\"The Woman in the Woods\\\") as Charity (or Lee) Blackstock was nominated for an Edgar Award. In 1961, her novel \\\"Witches' Sabbath\\\" won the Romantic Novel of the Year Award by the Romantic Novelists' Association Ursula Torday died on 6 March 1997, at 85. Ursula Torday Ursula Torday (; 19 February 1912 in London, England – 6 March 1997), was a British writer of some 60 gothic, romance and mystery novels from 1935 to 1982. She also used the pseudonyms of Paula Allardyce (), Charity Blackstock, Lee Blackstock,\",\n \"title\": \"Ursula Torday\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1426726\",\n \"text\": \"(b) Nicholas Cusanus in 1435. Then by (c) Jean-Charles de Borda in 1784. Later by (d) Hother Hage in 1860 and (e) Charles Dodgson (Lewis Carroll) in 1884. And finally by (f) Peter Emerson in 1986. With the possible exception of (e), none of these 'inventors' knew anything about the inventions of any of their predecessors. The \\\"Oxford English Dictionary\\\" credits Mollie Hunter (1922–2012) with following quotation regarding consensus: \\\"No single group has the right to ignore a consensus of thoughtful opinion\\\" Japanese companies normally use consensus decision-making, meaning that unanimous support on the board of directors is sought for\",\n \"title\": \"Consensus decision-making\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1602406\",\n \"text\": \"outside immediately and pick up the pages,\\\" Shields wrote. When the novel was finally ready, the author opted to use the name \\\"Harper Lee\\\", rather than risk having her first name Nelle be misidentified as \\\"Nellie\\\". Published July 11, 1960, \\\"To Kill a Mockingbird\\\" was an immediate bestseller and won great critical acclaim, including the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction in 1961. It remains a bestseller, with more than 30 million copies in print. In 1999, it was voted \\\"Best Novel of the Century\\\" in a poll by the \\\"Library Journal\\\". Like Lee, the tomboy Scout of the novel is the\",\n \"title\": \"Harper Lee\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"455969\",\n \"text\": \"a November 2004 episode of the TV series \\\"\\\" included an evil character named Dr. Benway (named for an amoral physician who appears in a number of Burroughs' works.) This is an echo of the hospital scene in the movie \\\"Repo Man,\\\" made during Burroughs' life-time, in which both Dr. Benway and Mr. Lee (a Burroughs pen name) are paged. Burroughs was cited by Robert Anton Wilson as the first person to notice the \\\"23 Enigma\\\": Burroughs appears on the cover of The Beatles' eighth studio album, \\\"Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band\\\". Burroughs participated on numerous album releases by\",\n \"title\": \"William S. Burroughs\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5949831\",\n \"text\": \"of Isaac Asimov's fictional group of mystery solvers the Black Widowers. Cant himself was the model for the Thomas Trumbull character. After Cant died, Asimov dedicated the collection \\\"Banquets of the Black Widowers\\\" (1984) to his memory and to that of Frederic Dannay. Gilbert Cant Gilbert Cant (September 16, 1909 – August 1, 1982) was a London-born American journalist. Cant arrived in the U.S. in 1934 and began working for the \\\"New York Post\\\" in 1937. He was a war correspondent in the Pacific during World War II and wrote three books on the subject, \\\"The War at Sea\\\", \\\"America's\",\n \"title\": \"Gilbert Cant\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5377578\",\n \"text\": \"etc., all of which was published in the posthumous \\\"Voyage d'Egypte et de Nubie\\\". On 8 January 1741 he became a Fellow of the Royal Society of London, where his name was registered as \\\"Frederic Lewis Norden\\\". Frederic Louis Norden Frederic Louis Norden (22 October 1708 – 22 September 1742) was a Danish naval captain and explorer. Also known as \\\"Frederick\\\", \\\"Frederik\\\", \\\"Friderick\\\", \\\"Ludwig\\\", \\\"Ludvig\\\" and \\\"Lewis\\\", the name used on the first publication of his famous \\\"Voyage d'Egypte et de Nubie\\\" (Copenhagen, 1755) is \\\"Frederic Louis Norden\\\". His name is often shortened \\\"F. L. Norden\\\". Norden made a voyage\",\n \"title\": \"Frederic Louis Norden\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"512439\",\n \"text\": \"Ramones also had every member take the last name of Ramone. Henry John Deutschendorf Jr., an American singer-songwriter used the stage name John Denver. The Australian country musician born Robert Lane changed his name to Tex Morton. Reginald Kenneth Dwight legally changed his name to Elton John in 1972. Pseudonym A pseudonym () or alias () is a name that a person or group assumes for a particular purpose, which can differ from their first or true name (orthonym). Pseudonyms include stage names and user names, ring names, pen names, nicknames, aliases, superhero or villain identities and code names, gamer\",\n \"title\": \"Pseudonym\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4819670\",\n \"text\": \"Supergirl (Linda Danvers) Linda Danvers, formerly known as \\\"Supergirl\\\", is a fictional comic book superhero appearing in books published by DC Comics. Created by writer Peter David and artist Gary Frank, she debuted in \\\"Supergirl\\\" vol.4 #1 (September 1996). She is not to be confused with Linda Lee Danvers, the secret identity used by the Kara Zor-El incarnation of Supergirl prior to the events of 1985's \\\"Crisis on Infinite Earths\\\". Peter David adapted Linda Danvers as a separate character based on that of Kara Zor-El, which had been wiped out of continuity by DC Comics to enhance Superman's status as\",\n \"title\": \"Supergirl (Linda Danvers)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4789700\",\n \"text\": \"grandsons, and a granddaughter. Don Manley Don Manley (born 2 June 1945) is a long-serving setter of crosswords in the UK. He has supplied puzzles for the \\\"Radio Times\\\", \\\"The Spectator\\\", \\\"Today\\\", \\\"The Independent\\\", \\\"The Times\\\", \\\"The Daily Telegraph\\\", \\\"The Guardian\\\", and the \\\"Financial Times\\\" and the \\\"Sunday Times\\\" among others. He is crossword editor of \\\"Church Times\\\". He writes under the pseudonyms Duck, Pasquale, Quixote, Bradman, Giovanni,and Izetti (all punningly connected with the name Don or Donald). He has also written a book on devising and solving crosswords, \\\"Chambers Crossword Manual\\\" (1986, 5th edition October 2014). He has appeared\",\n \"title\": \"Don Manley\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10227480\",\n \"text\": \"horror, he replied that it was George W. Bush's activities, particularly in Iraq: these called forth veritable goosebumps of fright upon his skin, he said. Jason Dark Jason Dark is the 'nom de plume' of Helmut Rellergerd, a prolific author of horror detective fiction in the German language. His work has been favourably compared to that of Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. Helmut Rellergerd pseudonym: Jason Dark (born January 25, 1945 in Altena-Dahle, Sauerland) is a German writer, under the pseudonym of Jason Dark. Jason Dark is one of the most read authors in Germany in his genre. Helmut Rellergerd was\",\n \"title\": \"Jason Dark\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11075413\",\n \"text\": \"Film Project (run by Paramount Pictures), and a finalist at the Asian American International Film Festival’s Screenwriting Competition. The romantic comedy was supposed to be billed as the feature film directorial debut of acclaimed actor and Tony Award-winning B.D. Wong. Wong left the project at some point very, very late in production, citing “artistic differences” that grew between Wong and the producers. He was replaced as director by Fay Ann Lee, the film’s writer and star. Subsequently, Wong request that his name be completely removed from the movie’s credits, despite the fact that he plays a major supporting role. The\",\n \"title\": \"Falling for Grace\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13250102\",\n \"text\": \"delegative form and the concept of liquid democracy remains unclear. However, Bryan Ford in his paper Delegative Democracy explains the main principles of how it works. In 1884, Charles Dodgson (better known under his pseudonym Lewis Carroll) wrote about political candidates being able to grant their votes, the votes gained on top of the required number to win a seat, to others running for a seat in the Parliament. This could be seen as the first step towards delegative democracy. Based on the work of Jabbusch and James Green-Armytage, liquid democracy can be traced back to reports of William S.\",\n \"title\": \"Delegative democracy\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12342740\",\n \"text\": \"is in control, the world is rudderless.\\\" Alan Moore Alan Moore (born 18 November 1953) is an English writer known primarily for his work in comic books including \\\"Watchmen\\\", \\\"V for Vendetta\\\", \\\"The Ballad of Halo Jones\\\" and \\\"From Hell\\\". Regarded by some as the best graphic novel writer in history, he is widely recognised among his peers and critics. He has occasionally used such pseudonyms as Curt Vile, Jill de Ray, and Translucia Baboon; also, reprints of some of his work have been credited to The Original Writer when Moore requested that his name be removed. Moore started writing\",\n \"title\": \"Alan Moore\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3595791\",\n \"text\": \"and eventually finds out that his real name was Webb. He had previously been an operative of the Central Intelligence Agency in an elite project in Southeast Asia and Vietnam codenamed Medusa. Following the American forces' withdrawal from Vietnam, he joined Project Treadstone 71, where he was used as bait for the infamous European assassin Carlos the Jackal, and assumed the identity of a mock assassin, Jason Bourne. “Bourne\\\" took credit for various kills in China and the rest of Asia, acting as a rival to the Jackal, in order to draw him out of hiding. The story of \\\"The\",\n \"title\": \"The Bourne Supremacy\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2668667\",\n \"text\": \"November 2014, The Guardian published a crossword with the grid and some clues compiled by him but completed by his friend and fellow compiler 'Philistine'. He was described as having a \\\"mischievous erudition, humility and courage.\\\" Graham's clue-writing style made him one of the best-loved of all setters. His style falls into a grouping sometimes referred to as \\\"Araucarian\\\". This style, of which \\\"The Guardian\\\"'s Bunthorne was another notable exponent, has influenced most of the current crop of Guardian setters and contrasts with the more rigid \\\"Ximenean\\\" style favoured by \\\"The Times\\\". Widely admired for his clever use of cross-references\",\n \"title\": \"John Galbraith Graham\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4614999\",\n \"text\": \"libraries at the time did not buy Ace books, considering them trivial and without literary merit, and Ace paperbacks were never reviewed by literary critics. At the time of its publication, the novel was in a two-book (\\\"dos-à-dos\\\") omnibus edition (known as an \\\"Ace Double\\\") alongside a previously published 1941 novel called \\\"Narcotic Agent\\\" by Maurice Helbrant. Burroughs chose to use the pseudonym \\\"William Lee\\\", Lee being his mother's maiden name, for the writing credit. The subtitle of the work was \\\"Confessions of an Unredeemed Drug Addict\\\". This edition is a highly desired collectible and even below-average-condition copies have been\",\n \"title\": \"Junkie (novel)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3973940\",\n \"text\": \"to the song because country life is so intolerable. It is probably the only popular song ever written which contains a reference to brucellosis. The term \\\"dancing school\\\" has been used as a euphemism for a brothel since the mid-17th century. The album was dedicated to Ken Millar (1915–1983), a friend of Zevon's who was better known for writing mystery novels under the name Ross MacDonald. All songs written by Warren Zevon, unless otherwise indicated. Album Singles Bad Luck Streak in Dancing School Bad Luck Streak in Dancing School is the fourth studio album by American singer-songwriter Warren Zevon. The\",\n \"title\": \"Bad Luck Streak in Dancing School\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2703703\",\n \"text\": \"continuation Bond novel; Amis had previously produced \\\"The James Bond Dossier\\\"—a critical analysis of the Bond books—under his own name, and \\\"The Book of Bond\\\", a tongue-in-cheek manual for prospective agents, using the pseudonym Lt.-Col. William (\\\"Bill\\\") Tanner. For the pseudonym, Peter Fleming - Ian Fleming's brother - initially suggested \\\"George Glidrose\\\". Jonathan Cape rejected this name, claiming that it had no selling or publicity power. Markham was then chosen. Despite this, Amis's involvement as continuation author was not a secret; American editions of the book identified Amis as the author, though the main Robert Markham credit remained. Amis had\",\n \"title\": \"Robert Markham\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10004916\",\n \"text\": \"things of which we are necessarily ignorant\\\" describes a branch of philosophy studied by James Frederick Ferrier in the 19th century. Anthropologist Glenn Stone points out that most of the examples of agnotology (such as work promoting tobacco use) do not actually create a lack of knowledge so much as they create confusion. A more accurate term for such writing would be \\\"ainigmology\\\", from the root \\\"ainigma\\\" (as in \\\"enigma\\\"); in Greek this refers to riddles or to language that obscures the true meaning of a story. The availability of such large amounts of knowledge in this information age may\",\n \"title\": \"Agnotology\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"512409\",\n \"text\": \"a \\\"front\\\" name, such as by screenwriters blacklisted in Hollywood in the 1950s and 1960s. See also pseudepigraph, for \\\"falsely\\\" attributed authorship. Sometimes people change their name in such a manner that the new name becomes permanent and is used by all who know the person. This is not an alias or pseudonym, but in fact a new name. In many countries, including common law countries, a name change can be ratified by a court and become a person's new legal name. For example, in the 1960s, black civil rights campaigner Malcolm Little changed his surname to \\\"X\\\", to represent\",\n \"title\": \"Pseudonym\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4644975\",\n \"text\": \"Beat the Devil (film) Beat the Devil is a 1953 adventure comedy film. The film was directed by John Huston, and starred Humphrey Bogart, Jennifer Jones and Gina Lollobrigida, and featured Robert Morley, Peter Lorre and Bernard Lee. Huston and Truman Capote wrote the screenplay, loosely based upon a novel of the same name by British journalist Claud Cockburn, writing under the pseudonym James Helvick. Huston made the film as a parody of a genre of film. Although often described as a parody of \\\"The Maltese Falcon\\\", which Huston directed and in which Bogart and Lorre appeared, this is not\",\n \"title\": \"Beat the Devil (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12342641\",\n \"text\": \"Alan Moore Alan Moore (born 18 November 1953) is an English writer known primarily for his work in comic books including \\\"Watchmen\\\", \\\"V for Vendetta\\\", \\\"The Ballad of Halo Jones\\\" and \\\"From Hell\\\". Regarded by some as the best graphic novel writer in history, he is widely recognised among his peers and critics. He has occasionally used such pseudonyms as Curt Vile, Jill de Ray, and Translucia Baboon; also, reprints of some of his work have been credited to The Original Writer when Moore requested that his name be removed. Moore started writing for British underground and alternative fanzines in\",\n \"title\": \"Alan Moore\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7915939\",\n \"text\": \"Terry Harknett Terry Harknett (born 1936) is a British author. He is author of almost 200 books, mostly pulp novels in the western and crime genres. He has written as a ghostwriter for Peter Haining and under an array of pseudonyms, including George G. Gilman, Joseph Hedges, William M. James, Charles R. Pike, Thomas H. Stone, Frank Chandler, Jane Harman, Alex Peters, William Pine, William Terry, James Russell and David Ford. Some bibliographies list Adam Hardy as one of Harknett's pseudonyms, in fact a nom de plume of Kenneth Bulmer. This is an error resulting from incorrect copyright information printed\",\n \"title\": \"Terry Harknett\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15424198\",\n \"text\": \"on hundreds of albums by a wide variety of artists, including the Beach Boys, Peggy Lee, Dolly Parton, Lionel Richie, Stevie Wonder and the Beatles (on their album \\\"Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band\\\"). He also wrote books in the 1980s on playing violin, guitar and trumpet. Bluestone lived with his wife \\\"Le Bluestone\\\". He died of complications of Parkinson's disease in 1992. 2008: 1999: 1956: 2004: 2003: 1991: 2010: 2009: 2007: 2004: 2003: 2002: 1968: 1965: 1959: 1958: 1957: 2007: 1958: 2010: Harry Bluestone Harry Bluestone (September 30, 1907 – December 22, 1992) was a British violinist who composed\",\n \"title\": \"Harry Bluestone\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10345068\",\n \"text\": \"Anne Wingate Anne Wingate, born in 1943, is a mystery, fantasy, and romance writer currently living in Salt Lake City, Utah. She owns two publishing houses (including one with her husband), and publishes works under her own name as well as the pseudonyms Lee Martin and Martha G. Webb Wingate was born in 1943 as Martha Anne Guice in Savannah, Georgia, She grew up as a member of the Disciples of Christ Church, and is an adult convert to The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Prior to becoming a writer, she worked as a crime scene investigator. In\",\n \"title\": \"Anne Wingate\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"512435\",\n \"text\": \"whose full name is Bent Fabricius-Bjerre, wrote his biggest instrumental hit \\\"Alley Cat\\\" under the name Frank Bjorn. For a time, the musician Prince used an unpronounceable \\\"Love Symbol\\\" as a pseudonym (\\\"Prince\\\" is his actual first name rather than a stage name). He wrote the song \\\"Sugar Walls\\\" for Sheena Easton under the alias \\\"Alexander Nevermind\\\" and \\\"Manic Monday\\\" for The Bangles as \\\"Christopher Tracy\\\" (he also produced albums early in his career as \\\"Jamie Starr\\\"). Many Italian-American singers have used stage names as their birth names were difficult to pronounce, or considered too ethnic for American tastes. Singers\",\n \"title\": \"Pseudonym\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10302385\",\n \"text\": \"Leif Panduro Leif Thormod Panduro (18 April 1923 – 16 January 1977) was a Danish writer, a novelist, short story writer and dramatist. A dentist by profession, he began in his thirties to write stories about people who can't conform to society's rules for one reason or another. \\\"Rend mig i traditionerne\\\", (Kick me in the traditions) from 1959 is about an adolescent who finally ends up in an asylum because he thinks society is mad. This novel was made into a film in 1979. \\\"Fern fra Danmark\\\" (Mr. Fern from Denmark) is about a man who wakes up in\",\n \"title\": \"Leif Panduro\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"640804\",\n \"text\": \"undesired image. Sometimes a performer adopts a name which is unusual or outlandish to attract attention. Other performers use a stage name in order to retain anonymity. The equivalent concept among writers is called a nom de plume or pen name. In radio, the term \\\"radio name\\\" or \\\"air name\\\" is used. Some individuals who are related to a celebrity take a different last name so they are not perceived to have received undue advantage from their family connection. Examples of these include Joan Fontaine (real name Joan de Havilland, sister of Olivia de Havilland), Luka Bloom (real name Kevin\",\n \"title\": \"Stage name\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1923110\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Tonight or Never\\\" which had recently been made into a motion picture. Garden is cited with other artistic figures of the period in Hugh MacDiarmid's poem \\\"A Drunk Man Looks at the Thistle\\\" (ll.30–2): <poem style=\\\"margin-left: 2em;\\\">Whaur's Isadora Duncan dancin nou, Is Mary Garden in Chicago still And Duncan Grant in Paris – and me fou?</poem> Allen Ginsberg contrasts the relative silence surrounding Garden's death with the uproar caused by the death of Jack Ruby in \\\"Bayonne Turnpike to Tuscarora,\\\" from the 1973 award-winning collection \\\"The Fall of America\\\": <poem style=\\\"margin-left: 2em;\\\"> Mary Garden dead in Aberdeen, New Years' 1967\",\n \"title\": \"Mary Garden\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14385105\",\n \"text\": \"would have considerable doubt about making a diagnosis of epilepsy without further information. There are societies in many parts of the world dedicated to the enjoyment and promotion of his works and the investigation of his life. On Copenhagen Street in Islington is the Lewis Carroll Children's Library. In 1982, his great-nephew unveiled a memorial stone to him in Poets' Corner, Westminster Abbey. Lewis Carroll Charles Lutwidge Dodgson (; 27 January 1832 – 14 January 1898), better known by his pen name Lewis Carroll, was an English writer of world-famous children's fiction, notably \\\"Alice's Adventures in Wonderland\\\" and its sequel\",\n \"title\": \"Lewis Carroll\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1526115\",\n \"text\": \"John le Carré David John Moore Cornwell (born 19 October 1931), better known by the pen name John le Carré (), is a British author of espionage novels. During the 1950s and 1960s, he worked for both the Security Service (MI5) and the Secret Intelligence Service (MI6). His third novel, \\\"The Spy Who Came in from the Cold\\\" (1963), became an international best-seller and remains one of his best-known works. Following the success of this novel, he left MI6 to become a full-time author. Several of his books have been adapted for film and television. In 2011, he was awarded\",\n \"title\": \"John le Carré\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2679658\",\n \"text\": \"Louis Auchincloss Louis Stanton Auchincloss (; September 27, 1917 – January 26, 2010) was an American lawyer, novelist, historian, and essayist. He is best known as a novelist who parlayed his experiences into books exploring the experiences and psychology of American polite society and old money. His dry, ironic works of fiction continue the tradition of Henry James and Edith Wharton. He wrote his novels initially under the name Andrew Lee, the name of an ancestor who cursed any descendant who drank or smoked. Born in Lawrence, New York, Auchincloss was the son of Priscilla Dixon (née Stanton) and Joseph\",\n \"title\": \"Louis Auchincloss\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4509303\",\n \"text\": \"had a home in Urmston; Herd had owned a local garage that still bears his name. Debbie Moore, founder of Pineapple Dance Studios was born in the area and Danielle Hope, the winner of BBC TV's Over the Rainbow, was also a resident. The 18th-century caricaturist and satirical poet John Collier, who used the pseudonym Tim Bobbins, was born in Urmston in 1708. A self-styled Lancashire Hogarth, his first and most famous work, \\\"A View of the Lancashire Dialect, or, Tummus and Mary\\\", appeared in 1746, the earliest significant piece of published Lancashire dialect. A local public house, \\\"The Tim\",\n \"title\": \"Urmston\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19855686\",\n \"text\": \"continued writing in different fields, including a sci-fi film treatment, and editing six fine art books on such nationally meritorious painters as Millard Sheets and Ken Potter. From the 90's and into the millennium, Askew wrote about economics and the financial markets for a dozen years. He wrote speeches for the senior management of publicly traded companies as well as speeches on the importance of volunteering in local communities. Dennis Lee Askew Dennis Lee Askew (born April 19, 1953), also known as Den the Pen, is an American poet, musician, painter, author, journalist and community volunteer activist. Askew was raised\",\n \"title\": \"Dennis Lee Askew\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16850656\",\n \"text\": \"of Emma Quincey. Sole and her husband, continued living in Cambridgeshire, with a second home in Norfolk, during years they spend their holidays in Spain. Linda Sole Linda Sole (b. 1950 in Swindon, Wiltshire, England) is an awarded and prolific British writer of romance and suspense novels since 1980, she also writes under the pseudonyms of Lynn Granville, Anne Herries, Emma Quincey, and Juliana Linden. In 2004, her novel \\\"A Damnable Rogue \\\" won the Love Story of the Year Award by the Romantic Novelists' Association. Linda M. Sole was born on 1950 in Swindon, Wiltshire, England, UK, the daughter\",\n \"title\": \"Linda Sole\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19510428\",\n \"text\": \"Charles Franklin (author) Charles Franklin, the pen-name of Frank Hugh Usher, (22 October 1909 - 1976) born in Leicester, Leicestershire, a British author of mystery novels and spy novels. He also wrote under the pen-names Frank Usher, and Frank Lester. Little interested in the whodunit, still in vogue in England in the immediate post-war period, he followed in the footsteps of Peter Cheyney and David Hume and showed a clear penchant for Noir fiction and, less surprisingly, from the 1960s, for spy novels. Under the pseudonym Charles Franklin, he published his first novel, \\\"Exit Without Permit\\\", in 1946, with his\",\n \"title\": \"Charles Franklin (author)\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"compressed_ctxs_1":{"kind":"string","value":"{\n \"compressed_prompt\": \"Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\\n\\ntitle: Kill As Directed context: Kurt. Kurt has a heart attack and dies. Afterward Brown calls the police and confesses the entire story, but police press do not charges as he is able to help them bring down the international drug ring with which Kurt was working. Kill As Directed Kill As Directed is a novel that was published in 1963 by writing team of Daniel Nathan, alias Frederic Dannay (October 20, 1905 – September 3, 1982) and Manford (Emanuel) Lepofsky, alias Manfred Bennington Lee (January 11, 1905 – April 3, 1971) under the pseudonym Ellery Queen. Harrison Brown is a young doctor who is\\n\\nBy what pseudonym is writer Frederick Dannay Manfred Bennington Lee better known?\",\n \"compressed_tokens\": 208,\n \"origin_tokens\": 208,\n \"ratio\": \"1.0x\",\n \"saving\": \", Saving $0.0 in GPT-4.\"\n}"},"compressed_ctxs_100":{"kind":"string","value":"{\n \"compressed_prompt\": \"Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\\n\\ntitle: Ellery Queen context: Magician\\\" and \\\"The Mystery of the Vanished Victim\\\" starred \\\"Gulliver Queen\\\", Ellery's nephew. Two collections of true crime stories (based on material gathered by anonymous researchers) written by Lee alone, which were originally published in \\\"The American Weekly\\\". All written by Dannay and Lee. Other short story collections exist, such as \\\"More Adventures of Ellery Queen\\\" (1940), which reprint stories from two previous collections. and many more Ellery Queen Ellery Queen is a crime fiction pseudonym created in 1929 by Frederic Dannay and Manfred Bennington Lee, and later used by other authors under Dannay and Lee's supervision. Dannay and Lee's\\n\\ntitle Detect fiction context: Where was the detect Po bre breath of life into it?\\\" Ellery Queen is a fictional detectivehero, by Manfred Bennington Lee (1905-1971 and Frederic Dannay (1905～1982), as well as a joint pseudonym for the cous Dannay and Lee. Ellery Queen first appeared in \\\"The Roman Hat Mystery\\\" (1929), and was hero of more than 30 novels and several short story collections During the 1930s much of the 1940s, that detective-hero possibly the known fictional detective Many detectives appear in more than one novel or story. Here is a list of\\ntitle: Ellery Queen: Ell Ell pseud in 1929 Frederic Dann and Manfred Bennington later used by authors under Day and' D' character whom they also named Queen is writer inspector fatheraff thirty novels and several short story collections in whichery Queen as by Dannay, and were among most 12 197. From 1,title: Queenived his cousin by years, the name the \\\" Place \\\" Queen\\\", now published by Dell Magazines, continues as a crime fiction magazine as of 2018, currently publishing six \\\"double issues\\\" per year. Ellery Queen was created in 1928 when Dannay and Lee entered a writing contest sponsored by \\\"McClure's\\\" magazine for the best first mystery novel. They decided to use as their collective pseudonym the same name that they\\n\\nBy what pseudonym is writer Frederick Dannay Manfred Bennington Lee better known?\",\n \"compressed_tokens\": 507,\n \"origin_tokens\": 15588,\n \"ratio\": \"30.7x\",\n \"saving\": \", Saving $0.9 in GPT-4.\"\n}"}}},{"rowIdx":274,"cells":{"id":{"kind":"number","value":274,"string":"274"},"question":{"kind":"string","value":"\"What play opens with \"\"Now is the winter of our discontent\"\"?\""},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["Shakespeare's The Tragedy of King Richard III"],"string":"[\n \"Shakespeare's The Tragedy of King Richard III\"\n]","isConversational":false},"target":{"kind":"string","value":"Shakespeare's The Tragedy of King Richard III"},"ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"id":"12357693","text":"African American church in Terrell County, Georgia, in September 1962, in which she used the repeated phrase \"I have a dream\". The church burned down after it was used for voter registration meetings. The speech also alludes to in the second stanza of the speech. Additionally, King quotes from (\"I have a dream that every valley shall be exalted ...\") and (\"But let justice roll down like water ...\"). He also alludes to the opening lines of Shakespeare's \"Richard III\" (\"Now is the winter of our discontent / Made glorious summer ...\") when he remarks that \"this sweltering summer of","title":"I Have a Dream"},{"id":"2204960","text":"who think that Metamorphosis is a writer, and that their colleague, Shakespeare, puts the university playwrights to shame. The audition piece Philomusus is asked to perform is taken from Shakespeare's play, \"Richard III\": \"Now is the winter of our discontent, made glorious summer by this son of York.\" In this part of the trilogy, Shakespeare is seen as a poet, and also as a dramatist and actor. In the second play, \"The Return from Parnasus\", the character named Gullio, who is lovesick and a fool, is mocked for his worshipful devotion to \"pure Shakspeare and shreds of poetry that he","title":"Parnassus plays"},{"id":"1502623","text":"the president's visit to the defeated city, he was assassinated by John Wilkes Booth, a Shakespearean actor known for playing both Richard and Richmond. Booth's notorious, final words from the stage were \"\"Sic semper tyrannis\"\". The 2010 film, \"The King's Speech\", features a scene where the king's speech therapist Lionel Logue, as played by Geoffrey Rush, auditions for the role by reciting the lines, \"Now is the winter of our discontent / Made glorious summer by this sun [or son] of York\". Shakespeare critic Keith Jones believes that the film in general sets up its main character as a kind","title":"Richard III (play)"},{"id":"8942757","text":"states that he's seen \"West Side Story\", which is based on one of them and loathes the idea of burning \"Richard III\" with its \"unforgettable\" speech that starts with \"Now...\" (presumably referencing the \"Now is the winter of our discontent\" speech), although he cannot remember anything beyond that first word. \"Lolita\" is also burned on the fire, minus one particularly racy page. The song Lister plays on his guitar is \"She's out of My Life\" by Michael Jackson. The episode was originally broadcast on the British television channel BBC2 on 21 November 1989 in the 9:00pm evening time slot. In","title":"Marooned (Red Dwarf)"},{"id":"1502624","text":"of antithesis to Richard III. The same antithesis was noted by conservative commentator Noah Millman. In the \"Red Dwarf\" episode \"Marooned\", Rimmer objects to Lister's burning of the \"Complete Works of Shakespeare\" in an attempt to maintain enough heat to keep him alive. When challenged, Rimmer claims he can quote from it and embarks upon the soliloquy: \"Now! ... That's all I can remember. You know! That famous speech from \"Richard III\" – 'now, something something something something'.\" John Steinbeck used the opening line for the title of his novel \"The Winter of Our Discontent\". The phrase \"Winter of Discontent\"","title":"Richard III (play)"},{"id":"3690611","text":"best film. Before or after each death in the film, Lionheart recites passages of Shakespeare, giving Price a chance to deliver choice speeches such as \"Hamlet's\" famous third soliloquy (\"To be, or not to be, that is the question...\"); Mark Antony's self-serving eulogy for Caesar from \"Julius Caesar\" (\"Friends, Romans, Countrymen, lend me your ears...\"); \"Now is the winter of our discontent...\" from the beginning of \"Richard III\"; and finally, the raving of the mad \"King Lear\" at the loss of his faithful daughter. The film is sometimes considered to be a spoof or homage of \"The Abominable Dr. Phibes\".","title":"Theatre of Blood"},{"id":"12566232","text":"1951. Invited by his friend Tyrone Guthrie to join the premiere season of the Stratford Festival of Canada, Guinness lived for a brief time in Stratford, Ontario. On 13 July 1953, Guinness spoke the first lines of the first play produced by the festival, Shakespeare's \"Richard III\": \"Now is the winter of our discontent/Made glorious summer by this sun of York.\" Guinness won a Tony Award for his Broadway performance as Welsh poet Dylan Thomas in \"Dylan\". He next played the title role in \"Macbeth\" opposite Simone Signoret at the Royal Court Theatre in 1966. Guinness made his final stage","title":"Alec Guinness"},{"id":"13007811","text":"Royal Winter Music Royal Winter Music is the name given to two solo works for classical guitar by the German composer Hans Werner Henze. Both works are inspired by characters from Shakespeare. The first work (described as a sonata) was completed in 1976, and is in six movements. The first part, \"Richard of Gloucester\" gives the overall work its name (from Richard's opening monologue \"Now is the winter of our discontent\"). The first piece was premiered by Julian Bream (at whose request Henze had written it) in Berlin on 20 September 1976. The second sonata, written in 1979, continues the","title":"Royal Winter Music"},{"id":"1545969","text":"Paul Daneman as Henry and Rosalind Boxall as Margaret, with \"3 Henry VI\" featuring Alan Bridges as Edward and Edgar Wreford as Richard. Although little was removed from the text, it did end differently from the written play. After Edward has spoken his last lines, everyone leaves the stage except Richard, who walks towards the throne, then turns and looks out to the audience, speaking the first thirty lines of his opening speech from \"Richard III\" (from \"Now is the winter of our discontent\" to \"I am determin'd to prove a villain\"), at which point the curtain falls. Additionally, in","title":"Henry VI, Part 3"},{"id":"1502619","text":"Cook's performance as a benevolent Richard, and by mangling Shakespearean text (\"Now is the summer of our sweet content made o'ercast winter by these Tudor clouds ...\") Richard Loncraine's 1995 film, starring Ian McKellen, is set in a fictional fascist England in the 1930s, and based on an earlier highly successful stage production. Only about half the text of the play is used. The first part of his \"Now is the winter of our discontent...\" soliloquy is a public speech, while the second part is a private monologue. The famous final line of Richard's \"A horse, my kingdom for a","title":"Richard III (play)"},{"id":"1379949","text":"reduced to taking emergency patients only. The phrase \"Winter of Discontent\" is from the opening line of William Shakespeare's \"Richard III\": \"Now is the winter of our discontent / Made glorious summer by this sun [or son] of York\", and was first applied to the events of the winter by Robin Chater, a writer at \"Incomes Data Report\". It was subsequently used in a speech by James Callaghan and translated to define a crisis by tabloids – including \"The Sun\". The weather turned very cold in the early months of 1979 with blizzards and deep snow, the coldest since 1962–63,","title":"Winter of Discontent"},{"id":"4142536","text":"Garr, and Tuesday Weld. The Winter of Our Discontent The Winter of Our Discontent is John Steinbeck's last novel, published in 1961. The title comes from the first two lines of William Shakespeare's \"Richard III: \"Now is the winter of our discontent / Made glorious summer by this sun [or son] of York\"\". The story concerns mainly Ethan Allen Hawley, a former member of Long Island's aristocratic class. Ethan's late father lost the family fortune, and thus Ethan works as a grocery store clerk. His wife Mary and their children resent their mediocre social and economic status, and do not","title":"The Winter of Our Discontent"},{"id":"4142523","text":"The Winter of Our Discontent The Winter of Our Discontent is John Steinbeck's last novel, published in 1961. The title comes from the first two lines of William Shakespeare's \"Richard III: \"Now is the winter of our discontent / Made glorious summer by this sun [or son] of York\"\". The story concerns mainly Ethan Allen Hawley, a former member of Long Island's aristocratic class. Ethan's late father lost the family fortune, and thus Ethan works as a grocery store clerk. His wife Mary and their children resent their mediocre social and economic status, and do not value the honesty and","title":"The Winter of Our Discontent"},{"id":"1545997","text":"line \"Now is the winter of our discontent;\" the opening line from \"Richard III\". Michael Bogdanov and the English Shakespeare Company presented a different adaptation at the Swansea Grand Theatre in 1991, using the same cast as on the touring production. All eight plays from the history cycle were presented over a seven night period, with each play receiving one performance only, and with only twenty-eight actors portraying the nearly five hundred roles. Whilst the other five plays in the cycle were unadapted, the \"Henry VI\" plays were combined into two, using the Barton/Hall structure, with the first was named","title":"Henry VI, Part 3"},{"id":"5854791","text":"sent for that evening. That night, Falstaff dies at the Boar's Head Tavern, and his friends mourn him, saying that he died of a broken heart. The narrator explains that Hal went on to become a good and noble king. Welles' inspiration for \"Chimes at Midnight\" began in 1930 when he was a student at the Todd School for Boys in Woodstock, Illinois. Welles tried to stage a three-and-a-half-hour combination of several of Shakespeare's historical plays called \"The Winter of Our Discontent\" in which he played Richard III. School officials forced him to make cuts to the production. \"Chimes at","title":"Chimes at Midnight"},{"id":"2212069","text":"goal after gaining encouragement from Mayor David Simpson and the local council, and the Stratford Shakespearean Festival became a legal entity on October 31, 1952. Already established in Canadian theatre, Dora Mavor Moore helped put Patterson in touch with British actor and director Tyrone Guthrie, first with a transatlantic telephone call. On July 13, 1953, actor Alec Guinness spoke the first lines of the first play produced by the festival, a production of \"Richard III\": \"Now is the winter of our discontent / Made glorious summer by this son of York.\" Alec Guinness and Irene Worth were among the cast","title":"Stratford Festival"},{"id":"426854","text":"at 5:05pm; episodes 4 and 8 at 5:00pm; episode 7 at 4:40pm; episode 9 at 5:30pm; and episodes 10, 11, 12 and 13 (which followed episode 9 after a gap of more than a year) at 4:00pm. The first of these was an election special, produced in 1974, entitled \"Vote for Froglet\". Inspired by what Postgate referred to as the \"Winter of Discontent\" (a phrase from Shakespeare's play \"Richard III\", usually employed to refer to the winter of 1978–79, but Postgate was referring to the miners' strike in the winter of 1973-74), and inspired partly by his recollections of post-war","title":"Clangers"},{"id":"4134630","text":"Educational Television (NET) and Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) to be the pioneers in presenting nearly complete Shakespeare productions on American television. As a result of Foote, Cone, and Belding Advertising executive and producer Duane C. Bogie's influence, \"Hallmark Hall of Fame\" began to offer original material, such as \"Aunt Mary\" (1979) and \"Thursday's Child \" (1983), although its lineup still primarily consisted of expensive-looking \"Masterpiece Theatre\"-style adaptations of American and European literary classics, such as John Steinbeck's \"The Winter of Our Discontent\" (1983), Robert Louis Stevenson's \"The Master of Ballantrae\" (1984), and Charles Dickens's \"A Tale of Two Cities\" (1980),","title":"Hallmark Hall of Fame"},{"id":"13743130","text":"crashed open. There stood Newton, absolutely plastered, his eyes blazing. He staggered across the room, thrust his face into mine and with slobbering lips and flashing eyes he embarked on the most thrilling rendering I have ever heard of \"Now is the winter of our discontent made glorious summer...\" (What a Richard III he would have been!) From that moment he really took off in the film, but sadly there were only a few days to go—and sadder still, that last bout of drinking was followed shortly after by his death.</poem> \"The New York Times\" review called it a \"competently","title":"The Beachcomber (1954 film)"},{"id":"20768824","text":"(1957) in \"Anna Karenina\" by Leo Tolstoy, Dulchin, The Last Victim by Nikolai Ostrovsky (1946), ambitious careerist engineer Mehti-Aga, \"Deep exploration\" by Alexander Kron, Fyodor Karamazov, \"The Brothers Karamazov\" by Fyodor Dostoyevsky (1961), Baker, \"The Winter of our Discontent\" based on the novel by John Steinbeck (1964). Together with Olga Androvskaya and other \"great old men\" of the Moscow Art Theater – Alexey Gribov, Viktor Stanitsyn and Mikhail Yanshin played in a specially staged for them famous play \"Solo for Clock Chime\" based on the play by Osvald Zahradník (1973). In 1983, he played Pontius Pilate in the play \"The","title":"Mark Prudkin"},{"id":"10059782","text":"\"The Taming of the Shrew\" 2006 \"The Tempest\", \"Much Ado About Nothing\", \"The Complete Works of William Shakespeare (Abridged) \" 2005 \"Hamlet\", \"As You Like It\" 2004 \"Julius Caesar\", \"The Complete Works of William Shakespeare (Abridged)\" 2003 \"Othello\", \"Macbeth\" 2002 \"A Midsummer Night’s Dream\", \"King Lear\", \"Cymbeline\" 2001 \"Twelfth Night\", \"Measure for Measure\", \"Romeo and Juliet\" 2000 \"The Taming of the Shrew\", \"The Winter's Tale\", \"Hamlet\" The Philadelphia Shakespeare Festival The Philadelphia Shakespeare Festival is an annual Shakespearean theatre festival in Philadelphia. Every year, The Festival produces two or three productions of Shakespeare's plays. Starting out as the Red Heel","title":"The Philadelphia Shakespeare Festival"},{"id":"14547417","text":"died January 17, 2000 Georgetown, South Carolina). Hedman was later married to Henry Arthur House with whom she co-wrote a play \"What's the Big Idea\" in 1926. Martha Hedman wrote a book \"Uncle, Aunt and Jezabel\" (Charles Scribner's Sons, New York: 1949). The dedication reads: \"To Henry Arthur -the winter of our discontent was turned into glorious summer\". She subsequently wrote \"Mathias and Mathilda\" (Chapman & Hall. 1951) written under the name, Martha Hedman House. Her sister was London actress Marguerite Leslie (1884 - 1958). Martha Hedman Martha Hedman (August 12, 1883 – June 20, 1974) was a Swedish-American stage","title":"Martha Hedman"},{"id":"4142527","text":"manner, Ethan becomes able to control the covert dealings of the corrupt town businessmen and politicians, but he is confident that he will not be corrupted. He considers that while he had to kill enemy soldiers in the war, he was never a murderer thereafter. Ethan learns that his son won honorable mention in a nationwide essay contest by plagiarizing classic American authors and orators, but when Ethan confronts him, the son denies having any guilty feelings, maintaining that everyone cheats and lies. Perhaps after seeing his own moral decay in his son's actions, and experiencing the guilt of Marullo's","title":"The Winter of Our Discontent"},{"id":"4873082","text":"of the winter of Discontent. His early 1980s plays were directly influenced by the coming to power of the Conservative Party led by Margaret Thatcher and the profound social changes they were bringing about. \"Restoration\", as a half-musical parody of Restoration comedies, deals with working class support for the Tories by showing a servant accepting his conviction and eventual execution for a murder committed by his cynical and silly master. \"Summer\" deals with the moral ambiguities of capitalism through the conflict of two women in socialist Yugoslavia. One is the daughter of former landlords, whose compassionate nature does not prevent","title":"Edward Bond"},{"id":"12466293","text":"of satirical sketches and songs in the Private Eye Dining Room, upstairs at Norman's Coach and Horses in Soho. In January 2011, Limits was one of ten cabaret artists, including David Hoyle and Eastend cabaret, who had their own \"Time Out London\" cover in a special edition celebrating the resurgence of cabaret. In 2012, he produced and hosted \"The Winter of Our Discontent\", a satirical/political cabaret at the Arcola Tent that included some of London's top cabaret artists. His 2012 solo Edinburgh Fringe show, \"Post-Mortem\", was shortlisted for TO&ST (Time Out & Soho Theatre) Award and was performed at the","title":"Dusty Limits"},{"id":"20345797","text":"average rating of 7.88 out of 10. Tony Sokol of \"Den of Geek\" gave the episode a 4 out of 5, saying \"With \"Winter of Our Discontent\", \"American Horror Story: Cult\" goes really dark. The series ventures into a contemporary dystopia, just like the one we're living, only with more sad clowns. Ultimately everyone is a betrayer, and everyone gets stabbed in the back, unless they are knifed in the throat. The show doesn't end on a completely down note, though. In the series' traditional last-minute twist, we learn Ally is going to get her son back after all.\" Kat","title":"Winter of Our Discontent (American Horror Story)"},{"id":"11825260","text":"is a 501(c)(3) not-for-profit organization. \"Wuthering Heights\", \"A Female Philoctetes\", \"Twelfth Night\", \"Fahrenheit 451\", \"Herakles\", \"Cyrano de Bergerac\", \"Taming Of The Shrew\", \"Macbeth\", \"The Importance Of Being Earnest\", \"Six Characters In Search Of An Author\", \"A Midsummer Night's Dream\", \"As You Like It\", \"An Enemy Of The People\", \"The Iliad\", \"The Comedy of Errors\", \"Catch-22\", \"Julius Caesar\", \"Prometheus Bound\" with David Oyelowo, \"Romeo & Juliet\", \"The Canterbury Tales\", \"Much Ado About Nothing\", \"Hamlet\", \"The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll & Mr. Hyde\", H G Wells' \"The Invisible Man\", with choreographer Doug Varone, \"Twelfth Night\", \"A Very Naughty Greek Play\", \"Oedipus","title":"Aquila Theatre"},{"id":"211179","text":"of Eden\", James Dean's film debut. \"\" is a travelogue of his 1960 road trip with his poodle Charley. Steinbeck bemoans his lost youth and roots, while dispensing both criticism and praise for America. According to Steinbeck's son Thom, Steinbeck made the journey because he knew he was dying and wanted to see the country one last time. Steinbeck's last novel, \"The Winter of Our Discontent\" (1961), examines moral decline in America. The protagonist Ethan grows discontented with his own moral decline and that of those around him. The book has a very different tone from Steinbeck's amoral and ecological","title":"John Steinbeck"},{"id":"20345794","text":"him that Samuels was unsatisfied with women, and that he needed a man. The two had sex, and Samuels continues to insist to Winter that he's not gay, \"it's much more complex than that.\" Winter throws the gruel in his lap, Furious, he unbuckles his belt and tries to rape her. She takes his gun, and holds it on him. He will not declare himself \"a turd\", as Valerie Solanas would have had him say. She shoots him through the head. In the inner sanctum, a clown-masked Kai bids \"bring the betrayers\" to him as the cultists chant \"my ruler\".","title":"Winter of Our Discontent (American Horror Story)"},{"id":"12322857","text":"(\"Dark Skies\"; \"The Awakening\"). His other nominations were shared with David E. Kelley and Brent V. Friedman. Zabel was also nominated for an Edgar Allan Poe award for Best Television Episode (\"L.A. Law\"; \"Justice Swerved\") in 1991. The nomination was shared with David E. Kelley. In 2014, his novel, \"Surrounded by Enemies: What If Kennedy Survived Dallas?\" (originally marketed under the title \"Winter of Our Discontent\"), shared the Sidewise Award with D.J. Taylor's \"The Windsor Faction\". Zabel won a second Sidewise Award in 2018 for his novel \"Once There Was a Way\". Zabel attended Hillsboro High School in Hillsboro, Oregon.","title":"Bryce Zabel"},{"id":"14780151","text":"Dougall has played a wide range of roles in Shakespeare plays, including \"Henry VIII\", \"Measure for Measure\", \"Coriolanus\", and \"The Winter’s Tale\" for the Globe Theatre, \"A Midsummer Night’s Dream\", \"Twelfth Night\", \"The Taming of the Shrew\", \"Henry V\", \"The Winter’s Tale\", \"Richard III\", \"The Comedy of Errors\" and \"The Merchant of Venice\" for Propeller, and \"Hamlet\", \"Macbeth\", and \"The Two Gentlemen of Verona\" for the Royal Shakespeare Company. Other works has included \"The Devil is an Ass\", \"The Cherry Orchard\", and \"The Crucible\" for the RSC, \"Saint Joan\" at the Strand Theatre; \"Shadow of a Gunman\" and \"John Bull’s","title":"John Dougall (actor)"},{"id":"5809158","text":"the Goodman has staged over the years include \"Hay Fever\", \"Lady Windermere's Fan\", \"The Little Foxes\", \"You Can't Take it with You\", \"Born Yesterday\", \"Pal Joey\", \"To Be Young, Gifted and Black (play)\", \"Guys and Dolls\", \"Talley's Folly\", \"A House Not Meant to Stand\", \"A Soldier's Play\", \"Fences\", \"Sunday in the Park with George\", \"The Visit\", \"Dancing at Lughnasa\", \"Arcadia\", \"Floyd Collins\", \"Hollywood Arms\", \"Dinner with Friends\", \"The Goat, or Who is Sylvia?\", \"The Light in the Piazza\", \"I Am My Own Wife\", and \"Rabbit Hole\". Goodman Theatre Goodman Theatre is a professional theater company located in Chicago's Loop. A","title":"Goodman Theatre"},{"id":"20345789","text":"skeptical, and vows to take her own action if their situation does not change by the end of the week. Winter visits Kai in the inner sanctum. He says he intended Harrison to work in the kitchen, until they killed him. He sits with his pinky at the ready, and Winter joins him. He explains that her total loyalty is required, and he's about to explain to her her role. He breaks off the pinky ritual and says that Winter is to bear the new Messiah. She is horrified at the thought of incest, but he explains that Samuels is","title":"Winter of Our Discontent (American Horror Story)"},{"id":"8053703","text":"III\", \"The Beaux' Stratagem\", \"Love's Labour's Lost\", \"Othello\", \"Lorenzaccio\" (world premiere), \"Macbeth\", \"Cyrano\", \"Five by Tenn\", \"The Winter's Tale\", \"The Silent Woman\", \"The Oedipus Plays\", \"The Duchess of Malfi\", \"Timon of Athens\", \"Don Carlos\", \"Hedda Gabler\", \"King Lear\", \"Coriolanus\", \"Camino Real\", \"A Woman of No Importance\", \"King John\", \"The Merchant of Venice\", \"Peer Gynt\", \"Sweet Bird of Youth\", combined \"Henry VI, Parts 1, 2 & 3\", \"Mourning Becomes Electra\", \"Henry V\", \"Volpone\", combined \"Henry IV, Parts 1 & 2\", \"Richard II\", \"The Doctor's Dilemma\", \"Hamlet\", \"Mother Courage and Her Children\", \"Much Ado About Nothing\", \"Measure for Measure\", \"Richard III\", \"Twelfth","title":"Michael Kahn (theatre director)"},{"id":"11705047","text":"century to the present through the lives of several generations of interconnected families from an east Ohio town. These include \"Glamorgan\", \"Horrid Massacre In Boston\", \"Armitage\", \"Fisher King\", \"Green Man\", \"Sorceress\", \"Tristan\", \"Pendragon\", \"Chronicles\", \"Anima Mundi\", \"Beast With Two Backs\", \"Laestrygonians\", \"The Circus Animals' Desertion\", \"Dramatis Personae\", \"The Reeves Tale\" and \"November\". His cycle of Russian plays includes \"Pushkin\", \"Gogol\", \"An Angler In The Lake Of Darkness\" (about Leo Tolstoy), \"Emotion Memory\" (about Anton Chekhov), \"A Russian Play\", \"Rasputin\", and \"Mandelstam\". His plays about art and artists include \"Hieronymus Bosch\", \"Dutch Interiors\" (about Vermeer), \"Blood Red Roses\" (about the Pre-Raphaelites),","title":"Don Nigro"},{"id":"9730205","text":"Berlin and Frankfurt. In addition to \"The Wars of the Roses\", productions of many individual Shakespeare plays were also presented. They included \"Twelfth Night\", \"Macbeth\", \"The Tempest\", \"Romeo & Juliet\", Antony and Cleopatra and \"As You Like It\". The last production of ROMEO AND JULIET. indeed the closing production ended in Plymouth after touring the world. English Shakespeare Company The English Shakespeare Company was an English theatre company founded in 1986 by Michael Bogdanov and Michael Pennington to present and promote the works of William Shakespeare on both a national and an international level. Funding came from the state Arts","title":"English Shakespeare Company"},{"id":"7973023","text":"that owns his store is an illegal alien, turns him into the Immigration and Naturalization Service, and receives the store by deceiving the immigrant. Ethan continues to have feelings of depression and anxiety brought about by his uneasy relationship with his wife and kids, risky flirtation with Margie Young-Hunt (Tuesday Weld), and consideration of a bank robbery scheme. Tuesday Weld received an Emmy Award nomination for playing as Margie Young-Hunt. The Winter of Our Discontent (film) The Winter of Our Discontent is a 1983 American made-for-television drama film directed by Waris Hussein based on the novel of the same name","title":"The Winter of Our Discontent (film)"},{"id":"4142533","text":"clear moral purpose, \"The Winter of Our Discontent\" ranks in the upper echelon of Steinbeck’s fiction, alongside \"Of Mice and Men, Cannery Row, East of Eden,\" and, of course, \"The Grapes of Wrath\"\". The novel was the last that Steinbeck completed before his death in 1968. \"The Acts of King Arthur and His Noble Knights\" and the screenplay for \"Zapata\" were both published posthumously in unfinished forms. Steinbeck makes use of an unusual structural device in \"Winter\", switching between three different styles of narrative points of view. The novel is presented in two halves, Part One and Part Two, and","title":"The Winter of Our Discontent"},{"id":"6286695","text":"It.\" The middle grouping of Shakespeare's plays begins in 1599 with \"Julius Caesar.\" For the next few years, Shakespeare would produce his most famous dramas, including \"Macbeth,\" \"Hamlet,\" and \"King Lear.\" The plays during this period are in many ways the darkest of Shakespeare's career and address issues such as betrayal, murder, lust, power and egoism. The final grouping of plays, called Shakespeare's late romances, include \"Pericles, Prince of Tyre\", \"Cymbeline\", \"The Winter's Tale\" and \"The Tempest\". The romances are so called because they bear similarities to medieval romance literature. Among the features of these plays are a redemptive plotline","title":"Shakespeare's plays"},{"id":"12202415","text":"the University of the Incarnate Word. He also attended the Toul American High School in France. He currently resides in San Diego, California. Jerry Pilato Jerry Pilato is an American theatrical director. He has directed plays including \"The Foreigner\", \"Four Dogs and a Bone\", \"The Reindeer Monologues\", \"Chicago \", \"Plaza Suite\", \"When Pigs Fly\", \"I Hate Hamlet\", \"First Night\", \"American Buffalo\", \"If We are Women\", \"Taking Sides\", \"Building The Wall\", \"Clever Little Lies\", \"Race\", \"Lone Star/Laundry & Bourbon\", \"The Dixie Swim Club\", and \"Stage Fright\". He has received Best Director awards from the Alamo Theatre Arts Council for \"Chicago\", \"When","title":"Jerry Pilato"},{"id":"4142532","text":"as a deeply penetrating study of the American condition. I did not realize, at the time, that we had a condition,\" and he attributes this change of heart to \"our own enriched experience\". In 1983 Carol Ann Kasparek condemned the character of Ethan for his implausibility, and still called Steinbeck’s treatment of American moral decay superficial, although she went on to approve the story's mythic elements. Professor of literature and Steinbeck scholar Stephen K. George wrote, \"With these authors [ Saul Bellow, Brent Weeks, and Ruth Stiles Gannett ] I would contend that, given its multi-layered complexity, intriguing artistry, and","title":"The Winter of Our Discontent"},{"id":"4140722","text":"Nick Nolte; and the comedy \"Serial\" (1980). She played the lead in the TV movies \"A Question of Guilt\" (1978), in which she plays a woman accused of murdering her children, \"\" (1980), a remake of \"Madame X\" (1981) and a new version of \"The Rainmaker\" (1982). In feature films Weld had a good support part in Michael Mann's acclaimed 1981 film \"Thief\", opposite James Caan. She played Al Pacino's wife in \"Author! Author!\" (1982) and co-starred with Donald Sutherland in the TV movie \"The Winter of Our Discontent\" (1983). This performance earned her an Emmy nomination. In 1984 she","title":"Tuesday Weld"},{"id":"9454133","text":"revival of \"The Rocky Horror Show\". Since then, The Maverick has become known for its Staged Cinema Productions, in which they stage adaptations of popular and lesser-known films, including \"Night of the Living Dead\" (an annual Halloween production), \"Santa Claus Conquers the Martians\" (an annual Christmas production). Other Maverick productions have included Shakespeare (\"Hamlet\", \"Romeo and Juliet\"), comedy (\"Noises Off\", \"Father of the Bride\", \"Below the Belt\" and \"Picasso at the Lapin Agile\"), drama (\"Angels in America\", \"Stalag 17\", \"A Few Good Men\", \"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest\", \"The Manchurian Candidate\", \"The Hobbit\", \"American Way\", Frost/Nixon, Long Day's Journey","title":"Maverick Theater"},{"id":"4142528","text":"deportation and the death of Danny, Ethan resolves to commit suicide. His daughter, intuitively understanding his intent, slips a family talisman into his pocket during a long embrace. When Ethan decides to commit the act, he reaches into his pocket to find razorblades and instead finds the talisman. As the tide comes into the alcove in which he has sequestered himself, he struggles to get out in order to return the talisman to his daughter. Edward Weeks of the \"Atlantic Monthly\" immediately reviewed the book as a Steinbeck classic: \"His dialogue is full of life, the entrapment of Ethan is","title":"The Winter of Our Discontent"},{"id":"12202414","text":"Jerry Pilato Jerry Pilato is an American theatrical director. He has directed plays including \"The Foreigner\", \"Four Dogs and a Bone\", \"The Reindeer Monologues\", \"Chicago \", \"Plaza Suite\", \"When Pigs Fly\", \"I Hate Hamlet\", \"First Night\", \"American Buffalo\", \"If We are Women\", \"Taking Sides\", \"Building The Wall\", \"Clever Little Lies\", \"Race\", \"Lone Star/Laundry & Bourbon\", \"The Dixie Swim Club\", and \"Stage Fright\". He has received Best Director awards from the Alamo Theatre Arts Council for \"Chicago\", \"When Pigs Fly\", \"I Hate Hamlet\", \"First Night\", \"American Buffalo\", \"If We are Women\", and \"Taking Sides\". Pilato attended the San Antonio College and","title":"Jerry Pilato"},{"id":"874105","text":"but then, to everyone's amazement, the statue shows signs of vitality; it is Hermione, restored to life. As the play ends, Perdita and Florizel are engaged, and the whole company celebrates the miracle. Despite this happy ending typical of Shakespeare's comedies and romances, the impression of the unjust death of young prince Mamillius lingers to the end, being an element of unredeemed tragedy, in addition to the years wasted in separation. The main plot of \"The Winter's Tale\" is taken from Robert Greene's pastoral romance \"Pandosto\", published in 1588. Shakespeare's changes to the plot are uncharacteristically slight, especially in light","title":"The Winter's Tale"},{"id":"12375186","text":"history\". After nine years of work, Johnson's \"A Dictionary of the English Language\" was published in 1755, and it had a far-reaching effect on Modern English and has been described as \"one of the greatest single achievements of scholarship.\" The second half of the 18th century saw the emergence of three major Irish authors: Oliver Goldsmith (1728–1774), Richard Brinsley Sheridan (1751–1816) and Laurence Sterne (1713–1768). Goldsmith is the author of \"The Vicar of Wakefield\" (1766), a pastoral poem \"The Deserted Village\" (1770) and two plays, \"The Good-Natur'd Man\" (1768) and \"She Stoops to Conquer\" (1773). Sheridan's first play, \"The Rivals\"","title":"English literature"},{"id":"17792435","text":"1907: 1908: 1909: 1910: 1911: 1912: 1913: 1914: 1915: 1917: 1918: 1920: 1921: 1922: 1923: 1925: 1926: 1927: 1928: 1929: 1930: 1931: 1932: 1933: 1934: 1935: 1936: 1937: 1938: 1940: 1941: 1942: 1943: 1945: 1946: 1947: 1949: 1950: 1951: 1955: 1957: 1959: 1962: 1963: 1964: 1965: 1966: 1969: 1970: 1971: 1972: 1975: 1976: 1977: 1978: 1979: 1980: 1982: 1983: 1984: 1987: 1988: 1994: 1996: 2001: 2005–2006: 2006: 2011: 2013: 2016: Timeline of women's education This is a timeline of women's education. 1237 1239 1608 1636 1639 1644 1674 1678 1685 1727 1732 1742 1751 1783 1786 1787 1788 1803 1818","title":"Timeline of women's education"},{"id":"2025822","text":"of Wakefield\" (1766), a pastoral poem \"The Deserted Village\" (1770) and two plays, \"The Good-Natur'd Man\" 1768 and \"She Stoops to Conquer\" 1773. Sheridan was born in Dublin, but his family moved to England in the 1750s. His first play, \"The Rivals\" 1775, was performed at Covent Garden and was an instant success. He went on to become the most significant London playwright of the late 18th century with plays like \"The School for Scandal\" and \"The Critic\". Sterne published his famous novel \"Tristram Shandy\" in parts between 1759 and 1767. The sentimental novel or the novel of sensibility is","title":"British literature"},{"id":"5048364","text":"it smells to heaven\" (Act III, Scene 3, Line 40). Yet his remarkable self-awareness and remorse complicates Claudius's villain status, much like Macbeth. Claudius's fratricide is the corruption permeating the play's world – that which is, in the words of Marcellus (a guard), \"something is rotten in the state of Denmark.\" Shakespeare reminds the audience of the crime several times by having characters mention the story of Cain and Abel, including Claudius himself, who admits being inflicted with \"the primal eldest curse.\" Claudius's cruelty is reflected in his schemes to kill Hamlet – sending him to England to be killed,","title":"King Claudius"},{"id":"211184","text":"Lawrence Durrell, French dramatist Jean Anouilh and Danish author Karen Blixen. The declassified documents showed that he was chosen as the best of a bad lot. \"There aren't any obvious candidates for the Nobel prize and the prize committee is in an unenviable situation,\" wrote committee member Henry Olsson. Although the committee believed Steinbeck's best work was behind him by 1962, committee member Anders Österling believed the release of his novel \"The Winter of Our Discontent\" showed that \"after some signs of slowing down in recent years, [Steinbeck has] regained his position as a social truth-teller [and is an] authentic","title":"John Steinbeck"},{"id":"16045034","text":"opens on an image of the Globe Theatre, with Ringo Starr unfurling a flag with the legend \"Around the Beatles\". The studio setting is arranged as a theatre in the round, (hence the show's name) echoing the seating arrangement of the Globe. The opening act is a humorous rendition of the \"play within a play\", \"Pyramus and Thisbe\" (Act V, Scene I) from William Shakespeare's \"A Midsummer Night's Dream\", with Paul McCartney as Pyramus, John Lennon as his lover Thisbe, George Harrison as Moonshine, and Starr as Lion, and also features Trevor Peacock in the role of Quince. The special","title":"Around the Beatles"},{"id":"19469606","text":"as Artistic Director of Lexington Ballet Company in 2002 and has produced a portfolio of classical and neoclassical repertoire that includes \"Closed on Mondays\", \"Cabbage Moon\", \"Ragtime Love\", \"The Thieving Magpie\", \"The Mirror\", \"Tales of Ordinary Madness\", \"Three roads to Nowhere\", \"Wild Things\", \"Ion Dance\", \"The Hard Rock Ballet\", \"The Bordello Suites\", R\"hapsody in Blue\", \"Fantasy # 3\", \"Bach Cello suites\", \"21 Century Ballet\", \"Nonsense\", \"The Köln Concert\", \"The Haunted\", \"7 Dreams and a Tango\", \"Reincarnations\", \"West Side Story\", \"Fanfare for the Common Man\", \"For the Red White and Blue\", \"Afternoon of a Faun\" and \"The Rite of Spring\". Lexington","title":"Lexington Ballet Company"},{"id":"19467798","text":"life. During his forty years career as a stage actor Shumsky was engaged in more than 500 parts, some of them in Alexander Ostrovsky's plays, including Vikhorev (\"Stay in Your Own Sled\", 1853), Zhadov (\"A Profitable Position\", 1863); Obroshenov (\"Jokers\", 1864); Krutitsky (\"Enough Stupidity in Every Wise Man\", 1868), Dobrotvorsky (\"The Poor Bride\", 1853), Schastlivtsev (\"The Forest\", 1871), Margaritov (\"The Belated Love\", 1873), Groznov (\"Truth Is Good, But Happiness' Better\", 1876). In the late 1860s Sumsky retired to start teaching drama at the Moscow Conservatory where in 1869 he produced the opera \"A Life for the Tsar\", by Mikhail Glinka.","title":"Sergey Shumsky"},{"id":"7848310","text":"The New Group The New Group is an artist-driven company with a commitment to developing and producing powerful, contemporary theater. Founded by Artistic Director Scott Elliott, The New Group produced its first play, Mike Leigh's \"Ecstasy\", in 1995. Notable productions include \"This Is Our Youth\", \"Curtains\", \"Goose Pimples\", \"Aunt Dan and Lemon\", \"Hurlyburly\", \"Abigail's Party\", \"Rafta, Rafta...\", \"The Starry Messenger\", and \"A Lie of the Mind, The Kid, Intimacy, The Sticks and Bones, and The Spoils. Over the past 20 years, The New Group has received more than 100 awards and nominations for excellence. The New Group's first musical, \"Avenue","title":"The New Group"},{"id":"4367404","text":"weariness or sadness about life arising from the acute awareness of evil and suffering\", and notes that by the 1860s the word was used ironically in Germany to refer to oversensitivity to those same concerns. John Steinbeck wrote about this feeling in \"The Winter of Our Discontent\" and referred to it as the \"Welshrats\"; and in \"East of Eden\", Samuel Hamilton feels it after meeting Cathy Trask for the first time. Ralph Ellison uses the term in \"Invisible Man\" with regard to the pathos inherent in the singing of spirituals: \"beneath the swiftness of the hot tempo there was a","title":"Weltschmerz"},{"id":"12007445","text":"the Sea Festival Inc. is a registered charity (No. 891781841RR0001) with the Canada Revenue Agency and is a member of the Shakespeare Theatre Association and the Institute of Outdoor Drama.<br><br> 1993 The Tempest 1994 King Lear 1995 Twelfth Night 1996 Macbeth and Romeo & Juliet 1997 Macbeth, Hamlet, I Hate Hamlet and Rosencrantz & Guildenstern Are Dead 1998 A Midsummer Night's Dream 1999 Much Ado About Nothing and Richard III 2000 The Mousetrap, Julius Caesar (play), Love's Labour's Lost 2001 Dial M for Murder, Two Gentlemen of Verona, The Merchant of Venice and A Streetcar Named Desire (play) 2002 The","title":"Shakespeare by the Sea, Newfoundland"},{"id":"6915636","text":"everything in reverse. National Players is now in its 68th year of touring. This year's productions are Shakespeare's \"Hamlet,\" a stage adaptation of John Steinbeck's \"The Grapes of Wrath,\" and an adaptation by Eric Coble of Lois Lowry's \"The Giver\". Tour 67: Shakespeare's \"A Midsummer Night's Dream\" and \"Julius Caesar\"; Benjamin Kingsland's adaptation of Charles Dickens' novel \"A Tale of Two Cities\" Tour 66: Shakespeare's \"As You Like It\" and \"The Tempest\"; Christopher Sergel's adaptation of Harper Lee's novel \"To Kill a Mockingbird\" Tour 65:Shakespeare's \"Macbeth\" and \"Comedy of Errors\"; an adaptation of Homer's \"Odyssey\" The National Players have received","title":"National Players"},{"id":"17779582","text":"mother, as seen in \"Lip-Syncing in the Rain\" and \"Sleepover Suite\". He generally prefers the electric guitar, but is not skilled in other instruments. In the first season, Zack is a huge troublemaker. He generally starts devious schemes, and Cody only complies reluctantly. Cody works as a bag boy at the Paul Revere minimart over the summer during the third season. It becomes a setting and theme for some episodes, most notably \"Summer of Our Discontent\", \"Sink or Swim\", \"Who's the Boss?\" and \"Baggage\". Zack initially shares a room with Bailey Pickett, a smart and intelligent student, who's a girl","title":"Zack Martin (Suite Life)"},{"id":"7848313","text":"awards and nominations, include the Tony Award for Best New Musical. The New Group has produced numerous world premieres including \"Steve\", \"The Spoils\", \"Intimacy\", \"Burning\", \"Russian Transport\", \"Blood From a Stone\", \"The Starry Messenger\", \"The Accomplices\", and \"Avenue Q\". The New Group The New Group is an artist-driven company with a commitment to developing and producing powerful, contemporary theater. Founded by Artistic Director Scott Elliott, The New Group produced its first play, Mike Leigh's \"Ecstasy\", in 1995. Notable productions include \"This Is Our Youth\", \"Curtains\", \"Goose Pimples\", \"Aunt Dan and Lemon\", \"Hurlyburly\", \"Abigail's Party\", \"Rafta, Rafta...\", \"The Starry Messenger\", and","title":"The New Group"},{"id":"10078644","text":"of Venice 1990 The Merry Wives of Windsor 1991 Romeo and Juliet & The Comedy of Errors 1992 Henry VIII & A Midsummer Night's Dream 1993 The Tempest & Twelfth Night 1994 As You Like It & Henry V 1995 Much Ado About Nothing & Richard III 1996 Two Gentlemen of Verona & The Merchant of Venice 1997 The Taming of the Shrew & Macbeth 1998 Love's Labour's Lost & Twelfth Night 1999 Romeo and Juliet & A Midsummer Night's Dream 2000 The Comedy of Errors & The Tempest 2001 Much Ado About Nothing & Henry V 2002 The Taming","title":"Pendley Open Air Shakespeare Festival"},{"id":"9207934","text":"become Oregon Shakespeare Festival’s second producing director, then its artistic director (a title change only), retiring in 1991. Turner died of heart failure on September 2, 2004. Turner directed more than 40 productions at OSF, including \"The Iceman Cometh\", \"Julius Caesar\", \"King Lear\", \"Long Day's Journey into Night\", \"Major Barbara\", \"Macbeth\", \"Mother Courage and Her Children\", \"Pericles Prince of Tyre\", \"The Tempest\", and \"The White Devil\". He directed a number of his own translations of Swedish and Norwegian plays including \"The Dance of Death\", \"An Enemy of the People\", \"The Father\", \"Ghosts\", \"Peer Gynt\", \"Rosmersholm\", and \"The Wild Duck\". Turner","title":"Jerry Turner (theater director)"},{"id":"1480054","text":"tragedies, comedies, and histories. In addition, he wrote his so-called \"problem plays\", or \"bitter comedies\", that includes, amongst others, \"Measure for Measure\", \"Troilus and Cressida\", \"A Winter's Tale\" and \"All's Well that Ends Well\". His early classical and Italianate comedies, like \"A Comedy of Errors\", containing tight double plots and precise comic sequences, give way in the mid-1590s to the romantic atmosphere of his greatest comedies, \"A Midsummer Night's Dream\", \"Much Ado About Nothing\", \"As You Like It\", and \"Twelfth Night\". After the lyrical \"Richard II\", written almost entirely in verse, Shakespeare introduced prose comedy into the histories of the","title":"English drama"},{"id":"1480055","text":"late 1590s, \"Henry IV, parts 1\" and \"2\", and \"Henry V\". This period begins and ends with two tragedies: \"Romeo and Juliet\", and \"Julius Caesar\", based on Sir Thomas North's 1579 translation of Plutarch's \"Parallel Lives\", which introduced a new kind of drama. Though most of his plays met with success, it was in his later years, that Shakespeare wrote what have been considered his greatest plays: \"Hamlet\", \"Othello\", \"King Lear\", \"Macbeth\", \"Antony and Cleopatra\". In his final period, Shakespeare turned to romance or tragicomedy and completed three more major plays: \"Cymbeline\", \"The Winter's Tale\" and \"The Tempest\", as well","title":"English drama"},{"id":"11164809","text":"Pearson, original music by Joseph Church, choreography by Beatrix Porter, text coaching by Maureen Clarke, and was stage managed by Mary Ellen Allison. The production combined modern (Grace Kelly's Monaco) and historical (pastoral 18th century England) periods in a concept centered around a magical transformation that takes place when Mamillius begins to recount \"the winter's tale\" to his mother, Hermione. The concept arose from the moment in the \"First Folio\" text when Mamillius is asked to \"tell's a Tale,\" to which the boy responds with \"There was a man ... dwelt by a Church-yard...\" According to the Riverside program, McDowell's","title":"Riverside Shakespeare Company"},{"id":"4882314","text":"its founding, Dobama has been known for producing alternative work that would not otherwise be seen in Cleveland. This ranges from their initial production in 1959 to a staging of \"The Iceman Cometh\" by Eugene O'Neill and their many productions of new and Off-Broadway work. Notable plays that have seen their Cleveland premiere at Dobama Theatre include \"The Pillowman\", \"The Goat or Who is Sylvia?\", \"The Last Five Years\", \"The Larame Project\", \"Closer\", \"Wit\", \"How I Learned to Drive\", \"All in the Timing\", \"Top Girls\", \"Marvin's Room\", \"Speed the Plow\", \"Cloud Nine\", \"True West\", \"Catch 22\", \"Roots\", \"On the Verge\",","title":"Dobama Theatre"},{"id":"509234","text":"Books\" (1991) starring John Gielgud – which is not so much an adaptation as a reading of the play, combining film, dance, opera, and animation; and a 2010 version with Prospero recast as Prospera, played by Helen Mirren. Shakespeare's late romances The late romances, often simply called the romances, are a grouping of William Shakespeare's last plays, comprising \"Pericles, Prince of Tyre\"; \"Cymbeline\"; \"The Winter's Tale\"; and \"The Tempest\". \"The Two Noble Kinsmen\", of which Shakespeare was co-author, is sometimes also included in the grouping. The term \"romances\" was first used for these late works in Edward Dowden's \"Shakespeare: A","title":"Shakespeare's late romances"},{"id":"10078645","text":"of the Shrew & Macbeth 2003 Sir John Falstaff and the Merry Wives & The Winter's Tale 2004 A Midsummer Night's Dream & Twelfth Night 2005 Much Ado About Nothing & Romeo and Juliet 2006 The Comedy of Errors & King Lear 2007 As You Like It & The Tempest 2008 Twelfth Night & The Merchant of Venice 2009 A Midsummer Night's Dream & Macbeth 2010 The Taming of the Shrew & Richard III 2011 The Winter's Tale & The Merry Wives of Windsor 2012 Romeo and Juliet & Much Ado About Nothing 2013 As You Like It & Love's","title":"Pendley Open Air Shakespeare Festival"},{"id":"20345800","text":"the truth right away. Not ever knowing if what you're seeing is real is quick way to push one out of the story and into viewer-defense mode where nothing good can come. At some point soon, an episode needs to take us through everything straight arrow-style - but would we even trust it then?\" Winter of Our Discontent (American Horror Story) \"Winter of Our Discontent\" is the eighth episode of the of the anthology television series \"American Horror Story\". It aired on October 24, 2017, on the cable network FX. The episode was written by Joshua Green, and directed by","title":"Winter of Our Discontent (American Horror Story)"},{"id":"20525817","text":"Festival have included productions of \"Drama at Inish\", \"Cat on a Hot Tin Roof\", \"Brief Encounters\", \"The Entertainer\", \"The Mystery of Edwin Drood\", \"The Matchmaker\", \"The Apple Cart\", \"The Seagull\", \"Hobson's Choice\", \"Holiday\", \"Tonight We Improvise\", \"Come Back, Little Sheba\", and \"Lady Windermere's Fan\". She has also appeared in Vancouver Playhouse productions of William Shakespeare plays, including \"Much Ado About Nothing\" and \"Romeo and Juliet\". She appeared in minor supporting roles in the films \"Switching Channels\", \"Ernest Goes to School\", \"Hard Core Logo\", \"Better Than Chocolate\", and \"Best in Show\". On television, she is best known for her role as","title":"Corrine Koslo"},{"id":"20345795","text":"A hooded Beverly and Vincent are led in. Vincent begs to be set free, but admits that he's trying to get Kai healthier. Kai reveals that Vincent created the \"pinky-power\" ritual, Kai engages Vincent in the ritual and severs Vincent's pinky. Winter unmasks herself and looks on in horror as Kai slashes Vincent's throat. He orders the others to drag Vincent's body away. Beverly is untagged and asks what is going on. Kai tells her she threw her all his plans for her away. Winter told Kai that Beverly was the one to kill Samuels, which Beverly declares a lie.","title":"Winter of Our Discontent (American Horror Story)"},{"id":"5276058","text":"people strike up a stirring hymn to Yarilo. Prologue Act 1 Act 2 Act 3 Act 4 Audio Recordings (\"Mainly studio recordings\") Source: www.operadis-opera-discography.org.uk The Snow Maiden The Snow Maiden (subtitle: A Spring Fairy Tale) () is an opera in four acts with a prologue by Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov, composed during 1880–1881. The Russian libretto, by the composer, is based on the like-named play by Alexander Ostrovsky (which had premiered in 1873 with incidental music by Tchaikovsky). The first performance of Rimsky-Korsakov's opera took place at the Mariinsky Theatre, Saint Petersburg on 29 January 1882 (OS; 10 February NS) conducted by","title":"The Snow Maiden"},{"id":"20345796","text":"Beverly calls him an insecure, incompetent attention whore. He says that death is too good for her, and instructs to take her to the isolation chamber. He addresses the assembled and welcomes the newest member as Ally unmasks herself (to Ivy's horror) as the new Satanist clown. \"Winter of Our Discontent\" was watched by 2.06 million people during its original broadcast, and gained a 1.0 ratings share among adults aged 18–49. The episode received mostly positive reviews from critics. On the review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, \"Winter of Our Discontent\" holds a 77% approval rating, based on 13 reviews with an","title":"Winter of Our Discontent (American Horror Story)"},{"id":"4142530","text":"in vitality, Steinbeck belied their fears most emphatically with The \"Winter of Our Discontent\" (1961), a novel published last year. Here he attained the same standard which he set in \"The Grapes of Wrath\". Again he holds his position as an independent expounder of the truth with an unbiased instinct for what is genuinely American, be it good or bad. Saul Bellow also lauded the book, saying: \"John Steinbeck returns to the high standards of The Grapes of Wrath and to the social themes that made his early work so impressive, and so powerful.\" However, many reviewers in America were","title":"The Winter of Our Discontent"},{"id":"1565973","text":"season cost $650,000, but everyone expected it to be a success. Covering the theme of love, it used \"A Midsummer Night's Dream\", \"Twelfth Night\", \"All's Well That Ends Well\", \"Measure for Measure\" and \"King Lear\". However, the show achieved very poor ratings and was cancelled at the end of the first season. The second season had been set to cover power (\"King Richard the Second\", \"The First Part of King Henry the Fourth\", \"The Tragedy of Richard III\", \"The Taming of the Shrew\", \"Macbeth\" and \"Julius Caesar\"), with the third looking at revenge (\"The Merchant of Venice\", \"Hamlet, Prince of","title":"BBC Television Shakespeare"},{"id":"10078643","text":"The Taming of the Shrew & Julius Caesar 1978 The Winter's Tale & As You Like It 1979 Much Ado About Nothing & Macbeth 1980 Love's Labour's Lost & The Merry Wives of Windsor 1981 The Merchant of Venice & Two Gentlemen of Verona 1982 A Midsummer Night's Dream & King Henry IV; part I 1983 Twelfth Night & Romeo and Juliet 1984 Much Ado About Nothing & The Tempest 1985 Richard III & The Taming of the Shrew 1986 As You Like It & King Lear 1987 Macbeth & A Midsummer Night's Dream 1988 No Festival 1989 The Merchant","title":"Pendley Open Air Shakespeare Festival"},{"id":"9365704","text":"the plays were renamed \"Henry VI: Revenge in France\" and \"Henry VI: Revolt in England\". In 2016, \"Richard II\" and \"1 Henry IV\" were combined as was \"2 Henry IV\" and \"Henry V\". The Plays were renamed \"Breath of Kings: Rebellion\" and \"Breath of Kings: Redemption\". Stratford Shakespeare Festival production history This page describes the production history of the Stratford Festival The Stratford Festival (formerly known as the Stratford Shakespearean Festival, the Stratford Festival of Canada and the Stratford Shakepeare Festival) is a summer-long celebration of theatre held each year in Stratford, Ontario. Theatre-goers, actors, and playwrights flock to Stratford","title":"Stratford Shakespeare Festival production history"},{"id":"4140706","text":"for \"The Winter of Our Discontent\" (1983), and a BAFTA for \"Once Upon a Time in America\" (1984). Since the late 1980s, her acting appearances have been infrequent. Weld was born Susan Ker Weld in New York City. Her father, Lathrop Motley Weld, was a member of the Weld family of Massachusetts; he died in 1947 at the age of 49, shortly before his daughter's fourth birthday. Her mother, Yosene Balfour Ker, daughter of the artist and \"Life\" illustrator William Balfour Ker, was Lathrop Weld's fourth and final wife. Susan Ker Weld had two siblings, Sarah King Weld (born 1935)","title":"Tuesday Weld"},{"id":"1466389","text":"don't not believe it. His plays have been performed nationwide, including on Broadway and Off-Broadway. His works include \"Sister Mary Ignatius Explains It All For You\", \"Beyond Therapy\", \"Baby With the Bathwater\", \"The Nature and Purpose of the Universe\", \"Titanic\", \"A History of the American Film\", \"The Idiots Karamazov\", \"The Marriage of Bette and Boo\", \"Laughing Wild\", \"'Dentity Crisis\", \"The Actor's Nightmare\", \"The Vietnamization of New Jersey\", \"Betty's Summer Vacation\", \"Naomi in the Living Room\", \"Adrift in Macao\", \"Mrs. Bob Cratchit's Wild Christmas Binge\", \"Miss Witherspoon\", \"Why Torture is Wrong, and the People Who Love Them\", \"Vanya and Sonia and","title":"Christopher Durang"},{"id":"509220","text":"Shakespeare's late romances The late romances, often simply called the romances, are a grouping of William Shakespeare's last plays, comprising \"Pericles, Prince of Tyre\"; \"Cymbeline\"; \"The Winter's Tale\"; and \"The Tempest\". \"The Two Noble Kinsmen\", of which Shakespeare was co-author, is sometimes also included in the grouping. The term \"romances\" was first used for these late works in Edward Dowden's \"Shakespeare: A Critical Study of His Mind and Art\" (1875). Later writers have generally been content to adopt Dowden's term. Shakespeare's plays cannot be precisely dated, but it is generally agreed that these comedies followed a series of tragedies including","title":"Shakespeare's late romances"},{"id":"13167999","text":"and this unassuming production makes plain its virtues.\"\" Anita Gates also noted O'Brien's leaned down approach, \"\"you always know what you’re going to get: spare, streamlined, playful Shakespeare with laughs (even in the tragedies).\"\" Among the over thirty productions O'Brien directed at Hudson Valley Shakespeare Festival: King Lear, Love's Labour's Lost, Hamlet, Troilus and Cressida, Pericles, All's Well That Ends Well, Henry V, The Merchant of Venice, Measure for Measure, Titus Andronicus, Macbeth, The Merry Wives of Windsor, The Taming of the Shrew, Romeo and Juliet, Much Ado About Nothing, Twelfth Night, As You Like It, A Midsummer Night's Dream,","title":"Terrence O'Brien (director)"},{"id":"8053702","text":"change and construction of Sidney Harman Hall, part of the new Harman Center for the Arts, which expands artistic opportunities for the Shakespeare Theatre Company and other arts groups. On February 8, 2017, Kahn announced that he will be resigning as Artistic Director in July 2019. Shakespeare Theatre Company Directing Credits: \"Henry IV, Part 1\" and \"Henry IV, Part 2\" in repertory, \"Wallenstein\", \"The Government Inspector\", \"Strange Interlude\", \"The Heir Apparent\" (world premiere), \"Old Times\", \"All's Well That Ends Well\", \"The Liar\", \"Richard II\", \"The Alchemist\", \"Design for Living\", \"The Way of the World\", \"Antony and Cleopatra\", \"Tamburlaine\", \"Hamlet\", \"Richard","title":"Michael Kahn (theatre director)"},{"id":"5064757","text":"(2015). Similarly, hit Broadway plays are often adapted into films, whether from musicals or dramas. Some examples of American film adaptations based on successful Broadway plays are \"Arsenic and Old Lace\" (1944), \"Born Yesterday\" (1950), \"Harvey\" (1950), \"A Streetcar Named Desire\" (1951), \"The Odd Couple\" (1968), \"The Boys in the Band\" (1970), \"Agnes of God\" (1985), \"Children of a Lesser God\" (1986), Glengarry Glen Ross (1992), \"Real Women Have Curves\" (2002), \"Rabbit Hole\" (2010), and \"Fences\" (2016). On one hand, theatrical adaptation does not involve as many interpolations or elisions as novel adaptation, but on the other, the demands of","title":"Film adaptation"},{"id":"5830473","text":"and \"2\", and \"Henry V\". This period begins and ends with two tragedies: \"Romeo and Juliet\", and \"Julius Caesar\", based on Sir Thomas North's 1579 translation of Plutarch's \"Parallel Lives\", which introduced a new kind of drama. Shakespeare's career continued into the Jacobean period, and in the early 17th century Shakespeare wrote the so-called \"problem plays\", \"Measure for Measure\", \"Troilus and Cressida\", and \"All's Well That Ends Well\", as well as a number of his best known tragedies, including \"Hamlet\", \"Othello\", \"Macbeth\", \"King Lear\" and \"Anthony and Cleopatra\". The plots of Shakespeare's tragedies often hinge on such fatal errors or","title":"Elizabethan literature"},{"id":"6295449","text":"use in literature usually has sexual connotations. The best known example is in Thomas Middleton and William Rowley's play \"The Changeling\", in which an adulterer tells his cuckold \"I coupled with your mate at barley-break; now we are left in hell\". The use of the phrase in Thomas Morley's madrigal \"Now Is the Month of Maying\" probably means something similar to the idiom \"roll in the hay\". Barley-Break Barley-Break is an old English country game frequently mentioned by the poets of the 17th and 18th centuries. It was played by three pairs, each composed of a man and a woman,","title":"Barley-Break"},{"id":"4142535","text":"the seductress Margie Young-Hunt . . . the third person narrative reappears.\" The second exception is the interlude at the start of chapter eleven which is presented by the author as an omniscient narrator, before the chapter reverts to Ethan's point of view. The three different narrative styles are therefore: omniscient narrator (Chapter 11 part); free indirect discourse from multiple points of view (Chapters 1,2,11,12); and first person narrative from a single point of view (the rest of the book). The novel was made into a television movie in the Hallmark Hall of Fame in 1983, featuring Donald Sutherland, Teri","title":"The Winter of Our Discontent"},{"id":"11681047","text":"\"Hallmark Hall of Fame\" productions between 1951 and 1958; \"Live from the Met\" and \"Great Performances\" for PBS; and television adaptations of plays such as \"June Moon\", \"Damn Yankees!\", \"A Touch of the Poet\", \"The Taming of the Shrew\", \"The Time of Your Life\", \"Tartuffe\", \"Fifth of July\", \"You Can't Take it with You\", \"The House of Blue Leaves\", \"Our Town\", and \"Death of a Salesman\", which earned him a nomination for the Directors Guild of America Award for Outstanding Directing - Television Film. Browning won two Primetime Emmy Awards, one for directing a 1987 special with Plácido Domingo and","title":"Kirk Browning"},{"id":"11116760","text":"In December 1660, the King granted the Duke's Company the exclusive rights to ten of Shakespeare's plays: \"Hamlet\", \"Macbeth\", \"King Lear\", \"Romeo and Juliet\", \"The Tempest\", \"Twelfth Night\", \"Much Ado About Nothing\", \"Measure for Measure\", \"Henry VIII\", and \"Pericles, Prince of Tyre\". In 1661, their first year at Lincoln's Inn Fields, the company revived \"Hamlet\", in a production that employed the innovation of stage scenery. Samuel Pepys saw their production on 24 August; he described it as \"done with scenes very well, but above all, Betterton did the Prince's part beyond imagination\". Davenant tried to make the most of the","title":"Duke's Company"},{"id":"10005158","text":"published by Samuel French, which has been performed around the world. Cashmore wrote the following full-length plays and pantomimes: \"What's in a name?\", \"Amber\", \"Trip of a Lifetime\", \"Time Please\", \"A Breed Apart\", \"Amy is Four\", \"Unaccommodated\", \"Bride or Groom?\", \"Seating Plan\", \"New Year's Resolution\". Cashmore wrote three one-act plays: \"Past Lives\", \"Daughter\", and \"Him, Her and Them\". He also performed in two one-man shows, \"An Everyday Actor\" and \"Bill's Clothes\". In 2017, he was selected as the Green Party candidate for Chelsea and Fulham, where he stood for parliament in the 2017 General Election. Cashmore died on 9 November","title":"Bill Cashmore"},{"id":"20345798","text":"Rosenfield from \"Entertainment Weekly\" gave the episode a A-, and particularly enjoyed the last scene with its reveals. She is also pleased that the episode doesn't see the threesome scene through to its \"repulsive conclusion\". However, she criticized the use of the Judgement House, calling it \"a blatant ripoff of Se7en\". \"Vulture\"'s Brian Moylan gave the episode a 4 out of 5, with a positive review, saying \"There is a lot of great, cutting Trump satire in this episode. While late-night hosts and facile sitcoms like \"Will & Grace\" go for the easy Cheeto-faced joke, AHS cuts a lot deeper.\"","title":"Winter of Our Discontent (American Horror Story)"},{"id":"19344405","text":"Don Homfray Don Homfray (1935–2012) was a BAFTA-winning production designer for the BBC. Homfray was born at Codsall, Staffordshire, in 1935. He studied architecture at Wolverhampton Polytechnic and then worked for the BBC as a production designer in Birmingham, Cardiff and London. Homfray was awarded a BAFTA for his work on the 1972 BBC production of \"War and Peace\", and was nominated for his work on \"Germinal\" (1970) and \"Vienna 1900\" (1973). He designed seven of the plays in the BBC Television Shakespeare series: \"Henry IV\", Parts 1 and 2 (1979), \"Henry V\" (1979), \"Hamlet\" (1980), \"A Winter's Tale\" (1981),","title":"Don Homfray"},{"id":"5830474","text":"flaws, which overturn order and destroy the hero and those he loves. In his final period, Shakespeare turned to romance or tragicomedy and completed three more major plays: \"Cymbeline\", \"The Winter's Tale\" and \"The Tempest\", as well as the collaboration, \"Pericles, Prince of Tyre\". Less bleak than the tragedies, these four plays are graver in tone than the comedies of the 1590s, but they end with reconciliation and the forgiveness of potentially tragic errors. Shakespeare collaborated on two further surviving plays, \"Henry VIII\" and \"The Two Noble Kinsmen\", probably with John Fletcher. Other important figures in the Elizabethan theatre include","title":"Elizabethan literature"},{"id":"14382849","text":"The other said: \"There are still twenty nine.\" The phrase \"30 pieces of silver\" is used more generally to describe a price at which people sell out. In Dostoyevsky's \"Crime and Punishment\", it is echoed in the 30 roubles which the character Sonia earns for selling herself. In the folk-song \"King John and the Bishop\", the bishop's answer to the riddle of how much the king is worth is 29 pieces of silver, as no king is worth more than Jesus. In Shakespeare's play \"Henry IV, Part 2\", the mistress of Falstaff asks \"and didst thou not kiss me, and","title":"Thirty pieces of silver"},{"id":"10775539","text":"Audience\" at the Gielgud Theatre. He had previously been nominated for an Olivier Award in 1994 for his role as Autolycus in the 1992 RSC production of \"The Winter's Tale\". http://www.olivierawards.com/winners/view/item98528/olivier-winners-1994/ McCabe is an Associate Artist of the Royal Shakespeare Company (RSC), best known for his roles, ranging from comedy (Puck, Autolycus, Thersites, Apemantus) to drama (King John, Iago, Flamineo). He first gained major attention as Puck in the 1989 production of \"A Midsummer Night's Dream\", with a production that featured punk fairies and a scrapyard set. As Autolycus, McCabe entered Act III in \"The Winter's Tale\", hanging from a","title":"Richard McCabe"},{"id":"1480046","text":"Besides the Middle English drama, there are three surviving plays in Cornish known as the Ordinalia. These biblical plays differ widely in content. Most contain episodes such as the \"Fall of Lucifer\", the \"Creation and Fall of Man\", \"Cain and Abel\", \"Noah and the Flood\", \"Abraham and Isaac\", the \"Nativity\", the \"Raising of Lazarus\", the \"Passion\", and the \"Resurrection\". Other pageants included the story of \"Moses\", the \"Procession of the Prophets\", \"Christ's Baptism\", the \"Temptation in the Wilderness\", and the \"Assumption and Coronation of the Virgin\". In given cycles, the plays came to be sponsored by the newly emerging Medieval","title":"English drama"},{"id":"13908690","text":"at the leading regional theatres Oregon Shakespeare Festival (Ashland, Oregon), Hartford Stage (Hartford, Connecticut), Shakespeare & Company (Lenox, Massachusetts), TheatreWorks (Palo Alto, California), and California Shakespeare Theater (Berkeley, California). Her passion is Shakespearean classics, heightened language plays, and magic/heightened realism, which is evident in these select directing credits: \"The Winter’s Tale\", \"Twelfth Night\", \"Much Ado About Nothing\", \"Scapin the Cheat\", \"Sleepy\", \"Steel Magnolias\", \"Children of Eden\", \"The 25th Annual Putnam County Spelling Bee\", \"Little Shop of Horrors\", \"The Burial at Thebes\", \"My California\", \"Medea\", \"Trojan Women\", \"In the Blood\", and \"La Ronde\". Dawn Monique Williams Dawn Monique Williams (born July","title":"Dawn Monique Williams"},{"id":"3892837","text":"the series' best. The Conscience of the King \"The Conscience of the King\" is the thirteenth episode of the of the American science fiction television series, \"\". Written by Barry Trivers and directed by Gerd Oswald, it first aired on December 8, 1966. The episode takes its title from the concluding lines of Act II of \"Hamlet:\" \"The play's the thing/Wherein I'll catch the conscience of the king.\" In the episode, Captain Kirk crosses paths with an actor suspected of having been a mass-murdering dictator many years before. The episode featured the final appearance (in production order) of Grace Lee","title":"The Conscience of the King"},{"id":"7973022","text":"The Winter of Our Discontent (film) The Winter of Our Discontent is a 1983 American made-for-television drama film directed by Waris Hussein based on the novel of the same name by John Steinbeck. The story is about a Long Islander named Ethan Allen Hawley (played by Donald Sutherland) who works as a clerk in a grocery store he used to own, but which is now owned by an Italian immigrant (played by Michael V. Gazzo). His wife (Teri Garr) and kids want more than what he can give them because of his lowly position. He finds out that the immigrant","title":"The Winter of Our Discontent (film)"},{"id":"2969356","text":"believed that Shakespeare in his retirement was revising his oeuvre \"for definitive publication\". The \"apprentice plays\" which had been reworked were naturally omitted from the Folio. Sams also rejected 20th-century orthodoxy on Shakespeare's collaboration: with the exception of \"Sir Thomas More\", \"Two Noble Kinsmen\" and \"Henry VIII\", the plays were solely his, though many were only partly revised. By Sams' authorship- and dating-arguments, Shakespeare wrote not only the earliest \"modern\" chronicle play, \"The Troublesome Reign\", c.1588, but also \"the earliest known modern comedy and tragedy\", \"A Shrew\" and the Ur-\"Hamlet\" ( = the 1603 Quarto). Sams also argued, more briefly,","title":"Shakespeare apocrypha"},{"id":"9391384","text":"has more than 50 Broadway plays and musicals to his credit including , No Man's Land/Waiting for Godot in rep, Love Letters, The Country House, The Assembled Parties,\"Nice Work If You Can Get It\", \"Venus in Fur\",\"Wit\", \"Anything Goes\", \"A View From the Bridge\", \"The Pajama Game\", \"Seascape\", \"Who’s Afraid of Virginia Woolf?\", \"Wonderful Town\", \"Anna in the Tropics\", and revivals of \"The Music Man\" and \"Kiss Me, Kate\". His recent off-Broadway work includes Dada Woof Papa Hot (Lincoln Center Theater), Ripcord Manhattan Theater Club), \"How I Learned to Drive\" for 2nd Stage, \"Twelfth Night\", \"All's Well\", \"Measure for Measure\"","title":"Peter Kaczorowski"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"id\": \"12357693\",\n \"text\": \"African American church in Terrell County, Georgia, in September 1962, in which she used the repeated phrase \\\"I have a dream\\\". The church burned down after it was used for voter registration meetings. The speech also alludes to in the second stanza of the speech. Additionally, King quotes from (\\\"I have a dream that every valley shall be exalted ...\\\") and (\\\"But let justice roll down like water ...\\\"). He also alludes to the opening lines of Shakespeare's \\\"Richard III\\\" (\\\"Now is the winter of our discontent / Made glorious summer ...\\\") when he remarks that \\\"this sweltering summer of\",\n \"title\": \"I Have a Dream\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2204960\",\n \"text\": \"who think that Metamorphosis is a writer, and that their colleague, Shakespeare, puts the university playwrights to shame. The audition piece Philomusus is asked to perform is taken from Shakespeare's play, \\\"Richard III\\\": \\\"Now is the winter of our discontent, made glorious summer by this son of York.\\\" In this part of the trilogy, Shakespeare is seen as a poet, and also as a dramatist and actor. In the second play, \\\"The Return from Parnasus\\\", the character named Gullio, who is lovesick and a fool, is mocked for his worshipful devotion to \\\"pure Shakspeare and shreds of poetry that he\",\n \"title\": \"Parnassus plays\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1502623\",\n \"text\": \"the president's visit to the defeated city, he was assassinated by John Wilkes Booth, a Shakespearean actor known for playing both Richard and Richmond. Booth's notorious, final words from the stage were \\\"\\\"Sic semper tyrannis\\\"\\\". The 2010 film, \\\"The King's Speech\\\", features a scene where the king's speech therapist Lionel Logue, as played by Geoffrey Rush, auditions for the role by reciting the lines, \\\"Now is the winter of our discontent / Made glorious summer by this sun [or son] of York\\\". Shakespeare critic Keith Jones believes that the film in general sets up its main character as a kind\",\n \"title\": \"Richard III (play)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8942757\",\n \"text\": \"states that he's seen \\\"West Side Story\\\", which is based on one of them and loathes the idea of burning \\\"Richard III\\\" with its \\\"unforgettable\\\" speech that starts with \\\"Now...\\\" (presumably referencing the \\\"Now is the winter of our discontent\\\" speech), although he cannot remember anything beyond that first word. \\\"Lolita\\\" is also burned on the fire, minus one particularly racy page. The song Lister plays on his guitar is \\\"She's out of My Life\\\" by Michael Jackson. The episode was originally broadcast on the British television channel BBC2 on 21 November 1989 in the 9:00pm evening time slot. In\",\n \"title\": \"Marooned (Red Dwarf)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1502624\",\n \"text\": \"of antithesis to Richard III. The same antithesis was noted by conservative commentator Noah Millman. In the \\\"Red Dwarf\\\" episode \\\"Marooned\\\", Rimmer objects to Lister's burning of the \\\"Complete Works of Shakespeare\\\" in an attempt to maintain enough heat to keep him alive. When challenged, Rimmer claims he can quote from it and embarks upon the soliloquy: \\\"Now! ... That's all I can remember. You know! That famous speech from \\\"Richard III\\\" – 'now, something something something something'.\\\" John Steinbeck used the opening line for the title of his novel \\\"The Winter of Our Discontent\\\". The phrase \\\"Winter of Discontent\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"Richard III (play)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3690611\",\n \"text\": \"best film. Before or after each death in the film, Lionheart recites passages of Shakespeare, giving Price a chance to deliver choice speeches such as \\\"Hamlet's\\\" famous third soliloquy (\\\"To be, or not to be, that is the question...\\\"); Mark Antony's self-serving eulogy for Caesar from \\\"Julius Caesar\\\" (\\\"Friends, Romans, Countrymen, lend me your ears...\\\"); \\\"Now is the winter of our discontent...\\\" from the beginning of \\\"Richard III\\\"; and finally, the raving of the mad \\\"King Lear\\\" at the loss of his faithful daughter. The film is sometimes considered to be a spoof or homage of \\\"The Abominable Dr. Phibes\\\".\",\n \"title\": \"Theatre of Blood\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12566232\",\n \"text\": \"1951. Invited by his friend Tyrone Guthrie to join the premiere season of the Stratford Festival of Canada, Guinness lived for a brief time in Stratford, Ontario. On 13 July 1953, Guinness spoke the first lines of the first play produced by the festival, Shakespeare's \\\"Richard III\\\": \\\"Now is the winter of our discontent/Made glorious summer by this sun of York.\\\" Guinness won a Tony Award for his Broadway performance as Welsh poet Dylan Thomas in \\\"Dylan\\\". He next played the title role in \\\"Macbeth\\\" opposite Simone Signoret at the Royal Court Theatre in 1966. Guinness made his final stage\",\n \"title\": \"Alec Guinness\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13007811\",\n \"text\": \"Royal Winter Music Royal Winter Music is the name given to two solo works for classical guitar by the German composer Hans Werner Henze. Both works are inspired by characters from Shakespeare. The first work (described as a sonata) was completed in 1976, and is in six movements. The first part, \\\"Richard of Gloucester\\\" gives the overall work its name (from Richard's opening monologue \\\"Now is the winter of our discontent\\\"). The first piece was premiered by Julian Bream (at whose request Henze had written it) in Berlin on 20 September 1976. The second sonata, written in 1979, continues the\",\n \"title\": \"Royal Winter Music\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1545969\",\n \"text\": \"Paul Daneman as Henry and Rosalind Boxall as Margaret, with \\\"3 Henry VI\\\" featuring Alan Bridges as Edward and Edgar Wreford as Richard. Although little was removed from the text, it did end differently from the written play. After Edward has spoken his last lines, everyone leaves the stage except Richard, who walks towards the throne, then turns and looks out to the audience, speaking the first thirty lines of his opening speech from \\\"Richard III\\\" (from \\\"Now is the winter of our discontent\\\" to \\\"I am determin'd to prove a villain\\\"), at which point the curtain falls. Additionally, in\",\n \"title\": \"Henry VI, Part 3\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1502619\",\n \"text\": \"Cook's performance as a benevolent Richard, and by mangling Shakespearean text (\\\"Now is the summer of our sweet content made o'ercast winter by these Tudor clouds ...\\\") Richard Loncraine's 1995 film, starring Ian McKellen, is set in a fictional fascist England in the 1930s, and based on an earlier highly successful stage production. Only about half the text of the play is used. The first part of his \\\"Now is the winter of our discontent...\\\" soliloquy is a public speech, while the second part is a private monologue. The famous final line of Richard's \\\"A horse, my kingdom for a\",\n \"title\": \"Richard III (play)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1379949\",\n \"text\": \"reduced to taking emergency patients only. The phrase \\\"Winter of Discontent\\\" is from the opening line of William Shakespeare's \\\"Richard III\\\": \\\"Now is the winter of our discontent / Made glorious summer by this sun [or son] of York\\\", and was first applied to the events of the winter by Robin Chater, a writer at \\\"Incomes Data Report\\\". It was subsequently used in a speech by James Callaghan and translated to define a crisis by tabloids – including \\\"The Sun\\\". The weather turned very cold in the early months of 1979 with blizzards and deep snow, the coldest since 1962–63,\",\n \"title\": \"Winter of Discontent\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4142536\",\n \"text\": \"Garr, and Tuesday Weld. The Winter of Our Discontent The Winter of Our Discontent is John Steinbeck's last novel, published in 1961. The title comes from the first two lines of William Shakespeare's \\\"Richard III: \\\"Now is the winter of our discontent / Made glorious summer by this sun [or son] of York\\\"\\\". The story concerns mainly Ethan Allen Hawley, a former member of Long Island's aristocratic class. Ethan's late father lost the family fortune, and thus Ethan works as a grocery store clerk. His wife Mary and their children resent their mediocre social and economic status, and do not\",\n \"title\": \"The Winter of Our Discontent\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4142523\",\n \"text\": \"The Winter of Our Discontent The Winter of Our Discontent is John Steinbeck's last novel, published in 1961. The title comes from the first two lines of William Shakespeare's \\\"Richard III: \\\"Now is the winter of our discontent / Made glorious summer by this sun [or son] of York\\\"\\\". The story concerns mainly Ethan Allen Hawley, a former member of Long Island's aristocratic class. Ethan's late father lost the family fortune, and thus Ethan works as a grocery store clerk. His wife Mary and their children resent their mediocre social and economic status, and do not value the honesty and\",\n \"title\": \"The Winter of Our Discontent\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1545997\",\n \"text\": \"line \\\"Now is the winter of our discontent;\\\" the opening line from \\\"Richard III\\\". Michael Bogdanov and the English Shakespeare Company presented a different adaptation at the Swansea Grand Theatre in 1991, using the same cast as on the touring production. All eight plays from the history cycle were presented over a seven night period, with each play receiving one performance only, and with only twenty-eight actors portraying the nearly five hundred roles. Whilst the other five plays in the cycle were unadapted, the \\\"Henry VI\\\" plays were combined into two, using the Barton/Hall structure, with the first was named\",\n \"title\": \"Henry VI, Part 3\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5854791\",\n \"text\": \"sent for that evening. That night, Falstaff dies at the Boar's Head Tavern, and his friends mourn him, saying that he died of a broken heart. The narrator explains that Hal went on to become a good and noble king. Welles' inspiration for \\\"Chimes at Midnight\\\" began in 1930 when he was a student at the Todd School for Boys in Woodstock, Illinois. Welles tried to stage a three-and-a-half-hour combination of several of Shakespeare's historical plays called \\\"The Winter of Our Discontent\\\" in which he played Richard III. School officials forced him to make cuts to the production. \\\"Chimes at\",\n \"title\": \"Chimes at Midnight\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2212069\",\n \"text\": \"goal after gaining encouragement from Mayor David Simpson and the local council, and the Stratford Shakespearean Festival became a legal entity on October 31, 1952. Already established in Canadian theatre, Dora Mavor Moore helped put Patterson in touch with British actor and director Tyrone Guthrie, first with a transatlantic telephone call. On July 13, 1953, actor Alec Guinness spoke the first lines of the first play produced by the festival, a production of \\\"Richard III\\\": \\\"Now is the winter of our discontent / Made glorious summer by this son of York.\\\" Alec Guinness and Irene Worth were among the cast\",\n \"title\": \"Stratford Festival\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"426854\",\n \"text\": \"at 5:05pm; episodes 4 and 8 at 5:00pm; episode 7 at 4:40pm; episode 9 at 5:30pm; and episodes 10, 11, 12 and 13 (which followed episode 9 after a gap of more than a year) at 4:00pm. The first of these was an election special, produced in 1974, entitled \\\"Vote for Froglet\\\". Inspired by what Postgate referred to as the \\\"Winter of Discontent\\\" (a phrase from Shakespeare's play \\\"Richard III\\\", usually employed to refer to the winter of 1978–79, but Postgate was referring to the miners' strike in the winter of 1973-74), and inspired partly by his recollections of post-war\",\n \"title\": \"Clangers\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4134630\",\n \"text\": \"Educational Television (NET) and Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) to be the pioneers in presenting nearly complete Shakespeare productions on American television. As a result of Foote, Cone, and Belding Advertising executive and producer Duane C. Bogie's influence, \\\"Hallmark Hall of Fame\\\" began to offer original material, such as \\\"Aunt Mary\\\" (1979) and \\\"Thursday's Child \\\" (1983), although its lineup still primarily consisted of expensive-looking \\\"Masterpiece Theatre\\\"-style adaptations of American and European literary classics, such as John Steinbeck's \\\"The Winter of Our Discontent\\\" (1983), Robert Louis Stevenson's \\\"The Master of Ballantrae\\\" (1984), and Charles Dickens's \\\"A Tale of Two Cities\\\" (1980),\",\n \"title\": \"Hallmark Hall of Fame\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13743130\",\n \"text\": \"crashed open. There stood Newton, absolutely plastered, his eyes blazing. He staggered across the room, thrust his face into mine and with slobbering lips and flashing eyes he embarked on the most thrilling rendering I have ever heard of \\\"Now is the winter of our discontent made glorious summer...\\\" (What a Richard III he would have been!) From that moment he really took off in the film, but sadly there were only a few days to go—and sadder still, that last bout of drinking was followed shortly after by his death.</poem> \\\"The New York Times\\\" review called it a \\\"competently\",\n \"title\": \"The Beachcomber (1954 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20768824\",\n \"text\": \"(1957) in \\\"Anna Karenina\\\" by Leo Tolstoy, Dulchin, The Last Victim by Nikolai Ostrovsky (1946), ambitious careerist engineer Mehti-Aga, \\\"Deep exploration\\\" by Alexander Kron, Fyodor Karamazov, \\\"The Brothers Karamazov\\\" by Fyodor Dostoyevsky (1961), Baker, \\\"The Winter of our Discontent\\\" based on the novel by John Steinbeck (1964). Together with Olga Androvskaya and other \\\"great old men\\\" of the Moscow Art Theater – Alexey Gribov, Viktor Stanitsyn and Mikhail Yanshin played in a specially staged for them famous play \\\"Solo for Clock Chime\\\" based on the play by Osvald Zahradník (1973). In 1983, he played Pontius Pilate in the play \\\"The\",\n \"title\": \"Mark Prudkin\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10059782\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"The Taming of the Shrew\\\" 2006 \\\"The Tempest\\\", \\\"Much Ado About Nothing\\\", \\\"The Complete Works of William Shakespeare (Abridged) \\\" 2005 \\\"Hamlet\\\", \\\"As You Like It\\\" 2004 \\\"Julius Caesar\\\", \\\"The Complete Works of William Shakespeare (Abridged)\\\" 2003 \\\"Othello\\\", \\\"Macbeth\\\" 2002 \\\"A Midsummer Night’s Dream\\\", \\\"King Lear\\\", \\\"Cymbeline\\\" 2001 \\\"Twelfth Night\\\", \\\"Measure for Measure\\\", \\\"Romeo and Juliet\\\" 2000 \\\"The Taming of the Shrew\\\", \\\"The Winter's Tale\\\", \\\"Hamlet\\\" The Philadelphia Shakespeare Festival The Philadelphia Shakespeare Festival is an annual Shakespearean theatre festival in Philadelphia. Every year, The Festival produces two or three productions of Shakespeare's plays. Starting out as the Red Heel\",\n \"title\": \"The Philadelphia Shakespeare Festival\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14547417\",\n \"text\": \"died January 17, 2000 Georgetown, South Carolina). Hedman was later married to Henry Arthur House with whom she co-wrote a play \\\"What's the Big Idea\\\" in 1926. Martha Hedman wrote a book \\\"Uncle, Aunt and Jezabel\\\" (Charles Scribner's Sons, New York: 1949). The dedication reads: \\\"To Henry Arthur -the winter of our discontent was turned into glorious summer\\\". She subsequently wrote \\\"Mathias and Mathilda\\\" (Chapman & Hall. 1951) written under the name, Martha Hedman House. Her sister was London actress Marguerite Leslie (1884 - 1958). Martha Hedman Martha Hedman (August 12, 1883 – June 20, 1974) was a Swedish-American stage\",\n \"title\": \"Martha Hedman\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4142527\",\n \"text\": \"manner, Ethan becomes able to control the covert dealings of the corrupt town businessmen and politicians, but he is confident that he will not be corrupted. He considers that while he had to kill enemy soldiers in the war, he was never a murderer thereafter. Ethan learns that his son won honorable mention in a nationwide essay contest by plagiarizing classic American authors and orators, but when Ethan confronts him, the son denies having any guilty feelings, maintaining that everyone cheats and lies. Perhaps after seeing his own moral decay in his son's actions, and experiencing the guilt of Marullo's\",\n \"title\": \"The Winter of Our Discontent\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4873082\",\n \"text\": \"of the winter of Discontent. His early 1980s plays were directly influenced by the coming to power of the Conservative Party led by Margaret Thatcher and the profound social changes they were bringing about. \\\"Restoration\\\", as a half-musical parody of Restoration comedies, deals with working class support for the Tories by showing a servant accepting his conviction and eventual execution for a murder committed by his cynical and silly master. \\\"Summer\\\" deals with the moral ambiguities of capitalism through the conflict of two women in socialist Yugoslavia. One is the daughter of former landlords, whose compassionate nature does not prevent\",\n \"title\": \"Edward Bond\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12466293\",\n \"text\": \"of satirical sketches and songs in the Private Eye Dining Room, upstairs at Norman's Coach and Horses in Soho. In January 2011, Limits was one of ten cabaret artists, including David Hoyle and Eastend cabaret, who had their own \\\"Time Out London\\\" cover in a special edition celebrating the resurgence of cabaret. In 2012, he produced and hosted \\\"The Winter of Our Discontent\\\", a satirical/political cabaret at the Arcola Tent that included some of London's top cabaret artists. His 2012 solo Edinburgh Fringe show, \\\"Post-Mortem\\\", was shortlisted for TO&ST (Time Out & Soho Theatre) Award and was performed at the\",\n \"title\": \"Dusty Limits\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20345797\",\n \"text\": \"average rating of 7.88 out of 10. Tony Sokol of \\\"Den of Geek\\\" gave the episode a 4 out of 5, saying \\\"With \\\"Winter of Our Discontent\\\", \\\"American Horror Story: Cult\\\" goes really dark. The series ventures into a contemporary dystopia, just like the one we're living, only with more sad clowns. Ultimately everyone is a betrayer, and everyone gets stabbed in the back, unless they are knifed in the throat. The show doesn't end on a completely down note, though. In the series' traditional last-minute twist, we learn Ally is going to get her son back after all.\\\" Kat\",\n \"title\": \"Winter of Our Discontent (American Horror Story)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11825260\",\n \"text\": \"is a 501(c)(3) not-for-profit organization. \\\"Wuthering Heights\\\", \\\"A Female Philoctetes\\\", \\\"Twelfth Night\\\", \\\"Fahrenheit 451\\\", \\\"Herakles\\\", \\\"Cyrano de Bergerac\\\", \\\"Taming Of The Shrew\\\", \\\"Macbeth\\\", \\\"The Importance Of Being Earnest\\\", \\\"Six Characters In Search Of An Author\\\", \\\"A Midsummer Night's Dream\\\", \\\"As You Like It\\\", \\\"An Enemy Of The People\\\", \\\"The Iliad\\\", \\\"The Comedy of Errors\\\", \\\"Catch-22\\\", \\\"Julius Caesar\\\", \\\"Prometheus Bound\\\" with David Oyelowo, \\\"Romeo & Juliet\\\", \\\"The Canterbury Tales\\\", \\\"Much Ado About Nothing\\\", \\\"Hamlet\\\", \\\"The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll & Mr. Hyde\\\", H G Wells' \\\"The Invisible Man\\\", with choreographer Doug Varone, \\\"Twelfth Night\\\", \\\"A Very Naughty Greek Play\\\", \\\"Oedipus\",\n \"title\": \"Aquila Theatre\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"211179\",\n \"text\": \"of Eden\\\", James Dean's film debut. \\\"\\\" is a travelogue of his 1960 road trip with his poodle Charley. Steinbeck bemoans his lost youth and roots, while dispensing both criticism and praise for America. According to Steinbeck's son Thom, Steinbeck made the journey because he knew he was dying and wanted to see the country one last time. Steinbeck's last novel, \\\"The Winter of Our Discontent\\\" (1961), examines moral decline in America. The protagonist Ethan grows discontented with his own moral decline and that of those around him. The book has a very different tone from Steinbeck's amoral and ecological\",\n \"title\": \"John Steinbeck\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20345794\",\n \"text\": \"him that Samuels was unsatisfied with women, and that he needed a man. The two had sex, and Samuels continues to insist to Winter that he's not gay, \\\"it's much more complex than that.\\\" Winter throws the gruel in his lap, Furious, he unbuckles his belt and tries to rape her. She takes his gun, and holds it on him. He will not declare himself \\\"a turd\\\", as Valerie Solanas would have had him say. She shoots him through the head. In the inner sanctum, a clown-masked Kai bids \\\"bring the betrayers\\\" to him as the cultists chant \\\"my ruler\\\".\",\n \"title\": \"Winter of Our Discontent (American Horror Story)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12322857\",\n \"text\": \"(\\\"Dark Skies\\\"; \\\"The Awakening\\\"). His other nominations were shared with David E. Kelley and Brent V. Friedman. Zabel was also nominated for an Edgar Allan Poe award for Best Television Episode (\\\"L.A. Law\\\"; \\\"Justice Swerved\\\") in 1991. The nomination was shared with David E. Kelley. In 2014, his novel, \\\"Surrounded by Enemies: What If Kennedy Survived Dallas?\\\" (originally marketed under the title \\\"Winter of Our Discontent\\\"), shared the Sidewise Award with D.J. Taylor's \\\"The Windsor Faction\\\". Zabel won a second Sidewise Award in 2018 for his novel \\\"Once There Was a Way\\\". Zabel attended Hillsboro High School in Hillsboro, Oregon.\",\n \"title\": \"Bryce Zabel\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14780151\",\n \"text\": \"Dougall has played a wide range of roles in Shakespeare plays, including \\\"Henry VIII\\\", \\\"Measure for Measure\\\", \\\"Coriolanus\\\", and \\\"The Winter’s Tale\\\" for the Globe Theatre, \\\"A Midsummer Night’s Dream\\\", \\\"Twelfth Night\\\", \\\"The Taming of the Shrew\\\", \\\"Henry V\\\", \\\"The Winter’s Tale\\\", \\\"Richard III\\\", \\\"The Comedy of Errors\\\" and \\\"The Merchant of Venice\\\" for Propeller, and \\\"Hamlet\\\", \\\"Macbeth\\\", and \\\"The Two Gentlemen of Verona\\\" for the Royal Shakespeare Company. Other works has included \\\"The Devil is an Ass\\\", \\\"The Cherry Orchard\\\", and \\\"The Crucible\\\" for the RSC, \\\"Saint Joan\\\" at the Strand Theatre; \\\"Shadow of a Gunman\\\" and \\\"John Bull’s\",\n \"title\": \"John Dougall (actor)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5809158\",\n \"text\": \"the Goodman has staged over the years include \\\"Hay Fever\\\", \\\"Lady Windermere's Fan\\\", \\\"The Little Foxes\\\", \\\"You Can't Take it with You\\\", \\\"Born Yesterday\\\", \\\"Pal Joey\\\", \\\"To Be Young, Gifted and Black (play)\\\", \\\"Guys and Dolls\\\", \\\"Talley's Folly\\\", \\\"A House Not Meant to Stand\\\", \\\"A Soldier's Play\\\", \\\"Fences\\\", \\\"Sunday in the Park with George\\\", \\\"The Visit\\\", \\\"Dancing at Lughnasa\\\", \\\"Arcadia\\\", \\\"Floyd Collins\\\", \\\"Hollywood Arms\\\", \\\"Dinner with Friends\\\", \\\"The Goat, or Who is Sylvia?\\\", \\\"The Light in the Piazza\\\", \\\"I Am My Own Wife\\\", and \\\"Rabbit Hole\\\". Goodman Theatre Goodman Theatre is a professional theater company located in Chicago's Loop. A\",\n \"title\": \"Goodman Theatre\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20345789\",\n \"text\": \"skeptical, and vows to take her own action if their situation does not change by the end of the week. Winter visits Kai in the inner sanctum. He says he intended Harrison to work in the kitchen, until they killed him. He sits with his pinky at the ready, and Winter joins him. He explains that her total loyalty is required, and he's about to explain to her her role. He breaks off the pinky ritual and says that Winter is to bear the new Messiah. She is horrified at the thought of incest, but he explains that Samuels is\",\n \"title\": \"Winter of Our Discontent (American Horror Story)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8053703\",\n \"text\": \"III\\\", \\\"The Beaux' Stratagem\\\", \\\"Love's Labour's Lost\\\", \\\"Othello\\\", \\\"Lorenzaccio\\\" (world premiere), \\\"Macbeth\\\", \\\"Cyrano\\\", \\\"Five by Tenn\\\", \\\"The Winter's Tale\\\", \\\"The Silent Woman\\\", \\\"The Oedipus Plays\\\", \\\"The Duchess of Malfi\\\", \\\"Timon of Athens\\\", \\\"Don Carlos\\\", \\\"Hedda Gabler\\\", \\\"King Lear\\\", \\\"Coriolanus\\\", \\\"Camino Real\\\", \\\"A Woman of No Importance\\\", \\\"King John\\\", \\\"The Merchant of Venice\\\", \\\"Peer Gynt\\\", \\\"Sweet Bird of Youth\\\", combined \\\"Henry VI, Parts 1, 2 & 3\\\", \\\"Mourning Becomes Electra\\\", \\\"Henry V\\\", \\\"Volpone\\\", combined \\\"Henry IV, Parts 1 & 2\\\", \\\"Richard II\\\", \\\"The Doctor's Dilemma\\\", \\\"Hamlet\\\", \\\"Mother Courage and Her Children\\\", \\\"Much Ado About Nothing\\\", \\\"Measure for Measure\\\", \\\"Richard III\\\", \\\"Twelfth\",\n \"title\": \"Michael Kahn (theatre director)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11705047\",\n \"text\": \"century to the present through the lives of several generations of interconnected families from an east Ohio town. These include \\\"Glamorgan\\\", \\\"Horrid Massacre In Boston\\\", \\\"Armitage\\\", \\\"Fisher King\\\", \\\"Green Man\\\", \\\"Sorceress\\\", \\\"Tristan\\\", \\\"Pendragon\\\", \\\"Chronicles\\\", \\\"Anima Mundi\\\", \\\"Beast With Two Backs\\\", \\\"Laestrygonians\\\", \\\"The Circus Animals' Desertion\\\", \\\"Dramatis Personae\\\", \\\"The Reeves Tale\\\" and \\\"November\\\". His cycle of Russian plays includes \\\"Pushkin\\\", \\\"Gogol\\\", \\\"An Angler In The Lake Of Darkness\\\" (about Leo Tolstoy), \\\"Emotion Memory\\\" (about Anton Chekhov), \\\"A Russian Play\\\", \\\"Rasputin\\\", and \\\"Mandelstam\\\". His plays about art and artists include \\\"Hieronymus Bosch\\\", \\\"Dutch Interiors\\\" (about Vermeer), \\\"Blood Red Roses\\\" (about the Pre-Raphaelites),\",\n \"title\": \"Don Nigro\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9730205\",\n \"text\": \"Berlin and Frankfurt. In addition to \\\"The Wars of the Roses\\\", productions of many individual Shakespeare plays were also presented. They included \\\"Twelfth Night\\\", \\\"Macbeth\\\", \\\"The Tempest\\\", \\\"Romeo & Juliet\\\", Antony and Cleopatra and \\\"As You Like It\\\". The last production of ROMEO AND JULIET. indeed the closing production ended in Plymouth after touring the world. English Shakespeare Company The English Shakespeare Company was an English theatre company founded in 1986 by Michael Bogdanov and Michael Pennington to present and promote the works of William Shakespeare on both a national and an international level. Funding came from the state Arts\",\n \"title\": \"English Shakespeare Company\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7973023\",\n \"text\": \"that owns his store is an illegal alien, turns him into the Immigration and Naturalization Service, and receives the store by deceiving the immigrant. Ethan continues to have feelings of depression and anxiety brought about by his uneasy relationship with his wife and kids, risky flirtation with Margie Young-Hunt (Tuesday Weld), and consideration of a bank robbery scheme. Tuesday Weld received an Emmy Award nomination for playing as Margie Young-Hunt. The Winter of Our Discontent (film) The Winter of Our Discontent is a 1983 American made-for-television drama film directed by Waris Hussein based on the novel of the same name\",\n \"title\": \"The Winter of Our Discontent (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4142533\",\n \"text\": \"clear moral purpose, \\\"The Winter of Our Discontent\\\" ranks in the upper echelon of Steinbeck’s fiction, alongside \\\"Of Mice and Men, Cannery Row, East of Eden,\\\" and, of course, \\\"The Grapes of Wrath\\\"\\\". The novel was the last that Steinbeck completed before his death in 1968. \\\"The Acts of King Arthur and His Noble Knights\\\" and the screenplay for \\\"Zapata\\\" were both published posthumously in unfinished forms. Steinbeck makes use of an unusual structural device in \\\"Winter\\\", switching between three different styles of narrative points of view. The novel is presented in two halves, Part One and Part Two, and\",\n \"title\": \"The Winter of Our Discontent\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6286695\",\n \"text\": \"It.\\\" The middle grouping of Shakespeare's plays begins in 1599 with \\\"Julius Caesar.\\\" For the next few years, Shakespeare would produce his most famous dramas, including \\\"Macbeth,\\\" \\\"Hamlet,\\\" and \\\"King Lear.\\\" The plays during this period are in many ways the darkest of Shakespeare's career and address issues such as betrayal, murder, lust, power and egoism. The final grouping of plays, called Shakespeare's late romances, include \\\"Pericles, Prince of Tyre\\\", \\\"Cymbeline\\\", \\\"The Winter's Tale\\\" and \\\"The Tempest\\\". The romances are so called because they bear similarities to medieval romance literature. Among the features of these plays are a redemptive plotline\",\n \"title\": \"Shakespeare's plays\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12202415\",\n \"text\": \"the University of the Incarnate Word. He also attended the Toul American High School in France. He currently resides in San Diego, California. Jerry Pilato Jerry Pilato is an American theatrical director. He has directed plays including \\\"The Foreigner\\\", \\\"Four Dogs and a Bone\\\", \\\"The Reindeer Monologues\\\", \\\"Chicago \\\", \\\"Plaza Suite\\\", \\\"When Pigs Fly\\\", \\\"I Hate Hamlet\\\", \\\"First Night\\\", \\\"American Buffalo\\\", \\\"If We are Women\\\", \\\"Taking Sides\\\", \\\"Building The Wall\\\", \\\"Clever Little Lies\\\", \\\"Race\\\", \\\"Lone Star/Laundry & Bourbon\\\", \\\"The Dixie Swim Club\\\", and \\\"Stage Fright\\\". He has received Best Director awards from the Alamo Theatre Arts Council for \\\"Chicago\\\", \\\"When\",\n \"title\": \"Jerry Pilato\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4142532\",\n \"text\": \"as a deeply penetrating study of the American condition. I did not realize, at the time, that we had a condition,\\\" and he attributes this change of heart to \\\"our own enriched experience\\\". In 1983 Carol Ann Kasparek condemned the character of Ethan for his implausibility, and still called Steinbeck’s treatment of American moral decay superficial, although she went on to approve the story's mythic elements. Professor of literature and Steinbeck scholar Stephen K. George wrote, \\\"With these authors [ Saul Bellow, Brent Weeks, and Ruth Stiles Gannett ] I would contend that, given its multi-layered complexity, intriguing artistry, and\",\n \"title\": \"The Winter of Our Discontent\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4140722\",\n \"text\": \"Nick Nolte; and the comedy \\\"Serial\\\" (1980). She played the lead in the TV movies \\\"A Question of Guilt\\\" (1978), in which she plays a woman accused of murdering her children, \\\"\\\" (1980), a remake of \\\"Madame X\\\" (1981) and a new version of \\\"The Rainmaker\\\" (1982). In feature films Weld had a good support part in Michael Mann's acclaimed 1981 film \\\"Thief\\\", opposite James Caan. She played Al Pacino's wife in \\\"Author! Author!\\\" (1982) and co-starred with Donald Sutherland in the TV movie \\\"The Winter of Our Discontent\\\" (1983). This performance earned her an Emmy nomination. In 1984 she\",\n \"title\": \"Tuesday Weld\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9454133\",\n \"text\": \"revival of \\\"The Rocky Horror Show\\\". Since then, The Maverick has become known for its Staged Cinema Productions, in which they stage adaptations of popular and lesser-known films, including \\\"Night of the Living Dead\\\" (an annual Halloween production), \\\"Santa Claus Conquers the Martians\\\" (an annual Christmas production). Other Maverick productions have included Shakespeare (\\\"Hamlet\\\", \\\"Romeo and Juliet\\\"), comedy (\\\"Noises Off\\\", \\\"Father of the Bride\\\", \\\"Below the Belt\\\" and \\\"Picasso at the Lapin Agile\\\"), drama (\\\"Angels in America\\\", \\\"Stalag 17\\\", \\\"A Few Good Men\\\", \\\"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest\\\", \\\"The Manchurian Candidate\\\", \\\"The Hobbit\\\", \\\"American Way\\\", Frost/Nixon, Long Day's Journey\",\n \"title\": \"Maverick Theater\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4142528\",\n \"text\": \"deportation and the death of Danny, Ethan resolves to commit suicide. His daughter, intuitively understanding his intent, slips a family talisman into his pocket during a long embrace. When Ethan decides to commit the act, he reaches into his pocket to find razorblades and instead finds the talisman. As the tide comes into the alcove in which he has sequestered himself, he struggles to get out in order to return the talisman to his daughter. Edward Weeks of the \\\"Atlantic Monthly\\\" immediately reviewed the book as a Steinbeck classic: \\\"His dialogue is full of life, the entrapment of Ethan is\",\n \"title\": \"The Winter of Our Discontent\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12202414\",\n \"text\": \"Jerry Pilato Jerry Pilato is an American theatrical director. He has directed plays including \\\"The Foreigner\\\", \\\"Four Dogs and a Bone\\\", \\\"The Reindeer Monologues\\\", \\\"Chicago \\\", \\\"Plaza Suite\\\", \\\"When Pigs Fly\\\", \\\"I Hate Hamlet\\\", \\\"First Night\\\", \\\"American Buffalo\\\", \\\"If We are Women\\\", \\\"Taking Sides\\\", \\\"Building The Wall\\\", \\\"Clever Little Lies\\\", \\\"Race\\\", \\\"Lone Star/Laundry & Bourbon\\\", \\\"The Dixie Swim Club\\\", and \\\"Stage Fright\\\". He has received Best Director awards from the Alamo Theatre Arts Council for \\\"Chicago\\\", \\\"When Pigs Fly\\\", \\\"I Hate Hamlet\\\", \\\"First Night\\\", \\\"American Buffalo\\\", \\\"If We are Women\\\", and \\\"Taking Sides\\\". Pilato attended the San Antonio College and\",\n \"title\": \"Jerry Pilato\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"874105\",\n \"text\": \"but then, to everyone's amazement, the statue shows signs of vitality; it is Hermione, restored to life. As the play ends, Perdita and Florizel are engaged, and the whole company celebrates the miracle. Despite this happy ending typical of Shakespeare's comedies and romances, the impression of the unjust death of young prince Mamillius lingers to the end, being an element of unredeemed tragedy, in addition to the years wasted in separation. The main plot of \\\"The Winter's Tale\\\" is taken from Robert Greene's pastoral romance \\\"Pandosto\\\", published in 1588. Shakespeare's changes to the plot are uncharacteristically slight, especially in light\",\n \"title\": \"The Winter's Tale\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12375186\",\n \"text\": \"history\\\". After nine years of work, Johnson's \\\"A Dictionary of the English Language\\\" was published in 1755, and it had a far-reaching effect on Modern English and has been described as \\\"one of the greatest single achievements of scholarship.\\\" The second half of the 18th century saw the emergence of three major Irish authors: Oliver Goldsmith (1728–1774), Richard Brinsley Sheridan (1751–1816) and Laurence Sterne (1713–1768). Goldsmith is the author of \\\"The Vicar of Wakefield\\\" (1766), a pastoral poem \\\"The Deserted Village\\\" (1770) and two plays, \\\"The Good-Natur'd Man\\\" (1768) and \\\"She Stoops to Conquer\\\" (1773). Sheridan's first play, \\\"The Rivals\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"English literature\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17792435\",\n \"text\": \"1907: 1908: 1909: 1910: 1911: 1912: 1913: 1914: 1915: 1917: 1918: 1920: 1921: 1922: 1923: 1925: 1926: 1927: 1928: 1929: 1930: 1931: 1932: 1933: 1934: 1935: 1936: 1937: 1938: 1940: 1941: 1942: 1943: 1945: 1946: 1947: 1949: 1950: 1951: 1955: 1957: 1959: 1962: 1963: 1964: 1965: 1966: 1969: 1970: 1971: 1972: 1975: 1976: 1977: 1978: 1979: 1980: 1982: 1983: 1984: 1987: 1988: 1994: 1996: 2001: 2005–2006: 2006: 2011: 2013: 2016: Timeline of women's education This is a timeline of women's education. 1237 1239 1608 1636 1639 1644 1674 1678 1685 1727 1732 1742 1751 1783 1786 1787 1788 1803 1818\",\n \"title\": \"Timeline of women's education\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2025822\",\n \"text\": \"of Wakefield\\\" (1766), a pastoral poem \\\"The Deserted Village\\\" (1770) and two plays, \\\"The Good-Natur'd Man\\\" 1768 and \\\"She Stoops to Conquer\\\" 1773. Sheridan was born in Dublin, but his family moved to England in the 1750s. His first play, \\\"The Rivals\\\" 1775, was performed at Covent Garden and was an instant success. He went on to become the most significant London playwright of the late 18th century with plays like \\\"The School for Scandal\\\" and \\\"The Critic\\\". Sterne published his famous novel \\\"Tristram Shandy\\\" in parts between 1759 and 1767. The sentimental novel or the novel of sensibility is\",\n \"title\": \"British literature\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5048364\",\n \"text\": \"it smells to heaven\\\" (Act III, Scene 3, Line 40). Yet his remarkable self-awareness and remorse complicates Claudius's villain status, much like Macbeth. Claudius's fratricide is the corruption permeating the play's world – that which is, in the words of Marcellus (a guard), \\\"something is rotten in the state of Denmark.\\\" Shakespeare reminds the audience of the crime several times by having characters mention the story of Cain and Abel, including Claudius himself, who admits being inflicted with \\\"the primal eldest curse.\\\" Claudius's cruelty is reflected in his schemes to kill Hamlet – sending him to England to be killed,\",\n \"title\": \"King Claudius\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"211184\",\n \"text\": \"Lawrence Durrell, French dramatist Jean Anouilh and Danish author Karen Blixen. The declassified documents showed that he was chosen as the best of a bad lot. \\\"There aren't any obvious candidates for the Nobel prize and the prize committee is in an unenviable situation,\\\" wrote committee member Henry Olsson. Although the committee believed Steinbeck's best work was behind him by 1962, committee member Anders Österling believed the release of his novel \\\"The Winter of Our Discontent\\\" showed that \\\"after some signs of slowing down in recent years, [Steinbeck has] regained his position as a social truth-teller [and is an] authentic\",\n \"title\": \"John Steinbeck\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16045034\",\n \"text\": \"opens on an image of the Globe Theatre, with Ringo Starr unfurling a flag with the legend \\\"Around the Beatles\\\". The studio setting is arranged as a theatre in the round, (hence the show's name) echoing the seating arrangement of the Globe. The opening act is a humorous rendition of the \\\"play within a play\\\", \\\"Pyramus and Thisbe\\\" (Act V, Scene I) from William Shakespeare's \\\"A Midsummer Night's Dream\\\", with Paul McCartney as Pyramus, John Lennon as his lover Thisbe, George Harrison as Moonshine, and Starr as Lion, and also features Trevor Peacock in the role of Quince. The special\",\n \"title\": \"Around the Beatles\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19469606\",\n \"text\": \"as Artistic Director of Lexington Ballet Company in 2002 and has produced a portfolio of classical and neoclassical repertoire that includes \\\"Closed on Mondays\\\", \\\"Cabbage Moon\\\", \\\"Ragtime Love\\\", \\\"The Thieving Magpie\\\", \\\"The Mirror\\\", \\\"Tales of Ordinary Madness\\\", \\\"Three roads to Nowhere\\\", \\\"Wild Things\\\", \\\"Ion Dance\\\", \\\"The Hard Rock Ballet\\\", \\\"The Bordello Suites\\\", R\\\"hapsody in Blue\\\", \\\"Fantasy # 3\\\", \\\"Bach Cello suites\\\", \\\"21 Century Ballet\\\", \\\"Nonsense\\\", \\\"The Köln Concert\\\", \\\"The Haunted\\\", \\\"7 Dreams and a Tango\\\", \\\"Reincarnations\\\", \\\"West Side Story\\\", \\\"Fanfare for the Common Man\\\", \\\"For the Red White and Blue\\\", \\\"Afternoon of a Faun\\\" and \\\"The Rite of Spring\\\". Lexington\",\n \"title\": \"Lexington Ballet Company\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19467798\",\n \"text\": \"life. During his forty years career as a stage actor Shumsky was engaged in more than 500 parts, some of them in Alexander Ostrovsky's plays, including Vikhorev (\\\"Stay in Your Own Sled\\\", 1853), Zhadov (\\\"A Profitable Position\\\", 1863); Obroshenov (\\\"Jokers\\\", 1864); Krutitsky (\\\"Enough Stupidity in Every Wise Man\\\", 1868), Dobrotvorsky (\\\"The Poor Bride\\\", 1853), Schastlivtsev (\\\"The Forest\\\", 1871), Margaritov (\\\"The Belated Love\\\", 1873), Groznov (\\\"Truth Is Good, But Happiness' Better\\\", 1876). In the late 1860s Sumsky retired to start teaching drama at the Moscow Conservatory where in 1869 he produced the opera \\\"A Life for the Tsar\\\", by Mikhail Glinka.\",\n \"title\": \"Sergey Shumsky\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7848310\",\n \"text\": \"The New Group The New Group is an artist-driven company with a commitment to developing and producing powerful, contemporary theater. Founded by Artistic Director Scott Elliott, The New Group produced its first play, Mike Leigh's \\\"Ecstasy\\\", in 1995. Notable productions include \\\"This Is Our Youth\\\", \\\"Curtains\\\", \\\"Goose Pimples\\\", \\\"Aunt Dan and Lemon\\\", \\\"Hurlyburly\\\", \\\"Abigail's Party\\\", \\\"Rafta, Rafta...\\\", \\\"The Starry Messenger\\\", and \\\"A Lie of the Mind, The Kid, Intimacy, The Sticks and Bones, and The Spoils. Over the past 20 years, The New Group has received more than 100 awards and nominations for excellence. The New Group's first musical, \\\"Avenue\",\n \"title\": \"The New Group\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4367404\",\n \"text\": \"weariness or sadness about life arising from the acute awareness of evil and suffering\\\", and notes that by the 1860s the word was used ironically in Germany to refer to oversensitivity to those same concerns. John Steinbeck wrote about this feeling in \\\"The Winter of Our Discontent\\\" and referred to it as the \\\"Welshrats\\\"; and in \\\"East of Eden\\\", Samuel Hamilton feels it after meeting Cathy Trask for the first time. Ralph Ellison uses the term in \\\"Invisible Man\\\" with regard to the pathos inherent in the singing of spirituals: \\\"beneath the swiftness of the hot tempo there was a\",\n \"title\": \"Weltschmerz\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12007445\",\n \"text\": \"the Sea Festival Inc. is a registered charity (No. 891781841RR0001) with the Canada Revenue Agency and is a member of the Shakespeare Theatre Association and the Institute of Outdoor Drama.<br><br> 1993 The Tempest 1994 King Lear 1995 Twelfth Night 1996 Macbeth and Romeo & Juliet 1997 Macbeth, Hamlet, I Hate Hamlet and Rosencrantz & Guildenstern Are Dead 1998 A Midsummer Night's Dream 1999 Much Ado About Nothing and Richard III 2000 The Mousetrap, Julius Caesar (play), Love's Labour's Lost 2001 Dial M for Murder, Two Gentlemen of Verona, The Merchant of Venice and A Streetcar Named Desire (play) 2002 The\",\n \"title\": \"Shakespeare by the Sea, Newfoundland\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6915636\",\n \"text\": \"everything in reverse. National Players is now in its 68th year of touring. This year's productions are Shakespeare's \\\"Hamlet,\\\" a stage adaptation of John Steinbeck's \\\"The Grapes of Wrath,\\\" and an adaptation by Eric Coble of Lois Lowry's \\\"The Giver\\\". Tour 67: Shakespeare's \\\"A Midsummer Night's Dream\\\" and \\\"Julius Caesar\\\"; Benjamin Kingsland's adaptation of Charles Dickens' novel \\\"A Tale of Two Cities\\\" Tour 66: Shakespeare's \\\"As You Like It\\\" and \\\"The Tempest\\\"; Christopher Sergel's adaptation of Harper Lee's novel \\\"To Kill a Mockingbird\\\" Tour 65:Shakespeare's \\\"Macbeth\\\" and \\\"Comedy of Errors\\\"; an adaptation of Homer's \\\"Odyssey\\\" The National Players have received\",\n \"title\": \"National Players\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17779582\",\n \"text\": \"mother, as seen in \\\"Lip-Syncing in the Rain\\\" and \\\"Sleepover Suite\\\". He generally prefers the electric guitar, but is not skilled in other instruments. In the first season, Zack is a huge troublemaker. He generally starts devious schemes, and Cody only complies reluctantly. Cody works as a bag boy at the Paul Revere minimart over the summer during the third season. It becomes a setting and theme for some episodes, most notably \\\"Summer of Our Discontent\\\", \\\"Sink or Swim\\\", \\\"Who's the Boss?\\\" and \\\"Baggage\\\". Zack initially shares a room with Bailey Pickett, a smart and intelligent student, who's a girl\",\n \"title\": \"Zack Martin (Suite Life)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7848313\",\n \"text\": \"awards and nominations, include the Tony Award for Best New Musical. The New Group has produced numerous world premieres including \\\"Steve\\\", \\\"The Spoils\\\", \\\"Intimacy\\\", \\\"Burning\\\", \\\"Russian Transport\\\", \\\"Blood From a Stone\\\", \\\"The Starry Messenger\\\", \\\"The Accomplices\\\", and \\\"Avenue Q\\\". The New Group The New Group is an artist-driven company with a commitment to developing and producing powerful, contemporary theater. Founded by Artistic Director Scott Elliott, The New Group produced its first play, Mike Leigh's \\\"Ecstasy\\\", in 1995. Notable productions include \\\"This Is Our Youth\\\", \\\"Curtains\\\", \\\"Goose Pimples\\\", \\\"Aunt Dan and Lemon\\\", \\\"Hurlyburly\\\", \\\"Abigail's Party\\\", \\\"Rafta, Rafta...\\\", \\\"The Starry Messenger\\\", and\",\n \"title\": \"The New Group\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10078644\",\n \"text\": \"of Venice 1990 The Merry Wives of Windsor 1991 Romeo and Juliet & The Comedy of Errors 1992 Henry VIII & A Midsummer Night's Dream 1993 The Tempest & Twelfth Night 1994 As You Like It & Henry V 1995 Much Ado About Nothing & Richard III 1996 Two Gentlemen of Verona & The Merchant of Venice 1997 The Taming of the Shrew & Macbeth 1998 Love's Labour's Lost & Twelfth Night 1999 Romeo and Juliet & A Midsummer Night's Dream 2000 The Comedy of Errors & The Tempest 2001 Much Ado About Nothing & Henry V 2002 The Taming\",\n \"title\": \"Pendley Open Air Shakespeare Festival\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9207934\",\n \"text\": \"become Oregon Shakespeare Festival’s second producing director, then its artistic director (a title change only), retiring in 1991. Turner died of heart failure on September 2, 2004. Turner directed more than 40 productions at OSF, including \\\"The Iceman Cometh\\\", \\\"Julius Caesar\\\", \\\"King Lear\\\", \\\"Long Day's Journey into Night\\\", \\\"Major Barbara\\\", \\\"Macbeth\\\", \\\"Mother Courage and Her Children\\\", \\\"Pericles Prince of Tyre\\\", \\\"The Tempest\\\", and \\\"The White Devil\\\". He directed a number of his own translations of Swedish and Norwegian plays including \\\"The Dance of Death\\\", \\\"An Enemy of the People\\\", \\\"The Father\\\", \\\"Ghosts\\\", \\\"Peer Gynt\\\", \\\"Rosmersholm\\\", and \\\"The Wild Duck\\\". Turner\",\n \"title\": \"Jerry Turner (theater director)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1480054\",\n \"text\": \"tragedies, comedies, and histories. In addition, he wrote his so-called \\\"problem plays\\\", or \\\"bitter comedies\\\", that includes, amongst others, \\\"Measure for Measure\\\", \\\"Troilus and Cressida\\\", \\\"A Winter's Tale\\\" and \\\"All's Well that Ends Well\\\". His early classical and Italianate comedies, like \\\"A Comedy of Errors\\\", containing tight double plots and precise comic sequences, give way in the mid-1590s to the romantic atmosphere of his greatest comedies, \\\"A Midsummer Night's Dream\\\", \\\"Much Ado About Nothing\\\", \\\"As You Like It\\\", and \\\"Twelfth Night\\\". After the lyrical \\\"Richard II\\\", written almost entirely in verse, Shakespeare introduced prose comedy into the histories of the\",\n \"title\": \"English drama\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1480055\",\n \"text\": \"late 1590s, \\\"Henry IV, parts 1\\\" and \\\"2\\\", and \\\"Henry V\\\". This period begins and ends with two tragedies: \\\"Romeo and Juliet\\\", and \\\"Julius Caesar\\\", based on Sir Thomas North's 1579 translation of Plutarch's \\\"Parallel Lives\\\", which introduced a new kind of drama. Though most of his plays met with success, it was in his later years, that Shakespeare wrote what have been considered his greatest plays: \\\"Hamlet\\\", \\\"Othello\\\", \\\"King Lear\\\", \\\"Macbeth\\\", \\\"Antony and Cleopatra\\\". In his final period, Shakespeare turned to romance or tragicomedy and completed three more major plays: \\\"Cymbeline\\\", \\\"The Winter's Tale\\\" and \\\"The Tempest\\\", as well\",\n \"title\": \"English drama\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11164809\",\n \"text\": \"Pearson, original music by Joseph Church, choreography by Beatrix Porter, text coaching by Maureen Clarke, and was stage managed by Mary Ellen Allison. The production combined modern (Grace Kelly's Monaco) and historical (pastoral 18th century England) periods in a concept centered around a magical transformation that takes place when Mamillius begins to recount \\\"the winter's tale\\\" to his mother, Hermione. The concept arose from the moment in the \\\"First Folio\\\" text when Mamillius is asked to \\\"tell's a Tale,\\\" to which the boy responds with \\\"There was a man ... dwelt by a Church-yard...\\\" According to the Riverside program, McDowell's\",\n \"title\": \"Riverside Shakespeare Company\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4882314\",\n \"text\": \"its founding, Dobama has been known for producing alternative work that would not otherwise be seen in Cleveland. This ranges from their initial production in 1959 to a staging of \\\"The Iceman Cometh\\\" by Eugene O'Neill and their many productions of new and Off-Broadway work. Notable plays that have seen their Cleveland premiere at Dobama Theatre include \\\"The Pillowman\\\", \\\"The Goat or Who is Sylvia?\\\", \\\"The Last Five Years\\\", \\\"The Larame Project\\\", \\\"Closer\\\", \\\"Wit\\\", \\\"How I Learned to Drive\\\", \\\"All in the Timing\\\", \\\"Top Girls\\\", \\\"Marvin's Room\\\", \\\"Speed the Plow\\\", \\\"Cloud Nine\\\", \\\"True West\\\", \\\"Catch 22\\\", \\\"Roots\\\", \\\"On the Verge\\\",\",\n \"title\": \"Dobama Theatre\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"509234\",\n \"text\": \"Books\\\" (1991) starring John Gielgud – which is not so much an adaptation as a reading of the play, combining film, dance, opera, and animation; and a 2010 version with Prospero recast as Prospera, played by Helen Mirren. Shakespeare's late romances The late romances, often simply called the romances, are a grouping of William Shakespeare's last plays, comprising \\\"Pericles, Prince of Tyre\\\"; \\\"Cymbeline\\\"; \\\"The Winter's Tale\\\"; and \\\"The Tempest\\\". \\\"The Two Noble Kinsmen\\\", of which Shakespeare was co-author, is sometimes also included in the grouping. The term \\\"romances\\\" was first used for these late works in Edward Dowden's \\\"Shakespeare: A\",\n \"title\": \"Shakespeare's late romances\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10078645\",\n \"text\": \"of the Shrew & Macbeth 2003 Sir John Falstaff and the Merry Wives & The Winter's Tale 2004 A Midsummer Night's Dream & Twelfth Night 2005 Much Ado About Nothing & Romeo and Juliet 2006 The Comedy of Errors & King Lear 2007 As You Like It & The Tempest 2008 Twelfth Night & The Merchant of Venice 2009 A Midsummer Night's Dream & Macbeth 2010 The Taming of the Shrew & Richard III 2011 The Winter's Tale & The Merry Wives of Windsor 2012 Romeo and Juliet & Much Ado About Nothing 2013 As You Like It & Love's\",\n \"title\": \"Pendley Open Air Shakespeare Festival\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20345800\",\n \"text\": \"the truth right away. Not ever knowing if what you're seeing is real is quick way to push one out of the story and into viewer-defense mode where nothing good can come. At some point soon, an episode needs to take us through everything straight arrow-style - but would we even trust it then?\\\" Winter of Our Discontent (American Horror Story) \\\"Winter of Our Discontent\\\" is the eighth episode of the of the anthology television series \\\"American Horror Story\\\". It aired on October 24, 2017, on the cable network FX. The episode was written by Joshua Green, and directed by\",\n \"title\": \"Winter of Our Discontent (American Horror Story)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20525817\",\n \"text\": \"Festival have included productions of \\\"Drama at Inish\\\", \\\"Cat on a Hot Tin Roof\\\", \\\"Brief Encounters\\\", \\\"The Entertainer\\\", \\\"The Mystery of Edwin Drood\\\", \\\"The Matchmaker\\\", \\\"The Apple Cart\\\", \\\"The Seagull\\\", \\\"Hobson's Choice\\\", \\\"Holiday\\\", \\\"Tonight We Improvise\\\", \\\"Come Back, Little Sheba\\\", and \\\"Lady Windermere's Fan\\\". She has also appeared in Vancouver Playhouse productions of William Shakespeare plays, including \\\"Much Ado About Nothing\\\" and \\\"Romeo and Juliet\\\". She appeared in minor supporting roles in the films \\\"Switching Channels\\\", \\\"Ernest Goes to School\\\", \\\"Hard Core Logo\\\", \\\"Better Than Chocolate\\\", and \\\"Best in Show\\\". On television, she is best known for her role as\",\n \"title\": \"Corrine Koslo\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20345795\",\n \"text\": \"A hooded Beverly and Vincent are led in. Vincent begs to be set free, but admits that he's trying to get Kai healthier. Kai reveals that Vincent created the \\\"pinky-power\\\" ritual, Kai engages Vincent in the ritual and severs Vincent's pinky. Winter unmasks herself and looks on in horror as Kai slashes Vincent's throat. He orders the others to drag Vincent's body away. Beverly is untagged and asks what is going on. Kai tells her she threw her all his plans for her away. Winter told Kai that Beverly was the one to kill Samuels, which Beverly declares a lie.\",\n \"title\": \"Winter of Our Discontent (American Horror Story)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5276058\",\n \"text\": \"people strike up a stirring hymn to Yarilo. Prologue Act 1 Act 2 Act 3 Act 4 Audio Recordings (\\\"Mainly studio recordings\\\") Source: www.operadis-opera-discography.org.uk The Snow Maiden The Snow Maiden (subtitle: A Spring Fairy Tale) () is an opera in four acts with a prologue by Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov, composed during 1880–1881. The Russian libretto, by the composer, is based on the like-named play by Alexander Ostrovsky (which had premiered in 1873 with incidental music by Tchaikovsky). The first performance of Rimsky-Korsakov's opera took place at the Mariinsky Theatre, Saint Petersburg on 29 January 1882 (OS; 10 February NS) conducted by\",\n \"title\": \"The Snow Maiden\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20345796\",\n \"text\": \"Beverly calls him an insecure, incompetent attention whore. He says that death is too good for her, and instructs to take her to the isolation chamber. He addresses the assembled and welcomes the newest member as Ally unmasks herself (to Ivy's horror) as the new Satanist clown. \\\"Winter of Our Discontent\\\" was watched by 2.06 million people during its original broadcast, and gained a 1.0 ratings share among adults aged 18–49. The episode received mostly positive reviews from critics. On the review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, \\\"Winter of Our Discontent\\\" holds a 77% approval rating, based on 13 reviews with an\",\n \"title\": \"Winter of Our Discontent (American Horror Story)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4142530\",\n \"text\": \"in vitality, Steinbeck belied their fears most emphatically with The \\\"Winter of Our Discontent\\\" (1961), a novel published last year. Here he attained the same standard which he set in \\\"The Grapes of Wrath\\\". Again he holds his position as an independent expounder of the truth with an unbiased instinct for what is genuinely American, be it good or bad. Saul Bellow also lauded the book, saying: \\\"John Steinbeck returns to the high standards of The Grapes of Wrath and to the social themes that made his early work so impressive, and so powerful.\\\" However, many reviewers in America were\",\n \"title\": \"The Winter of Our Discontent\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1565973\",\n \"text\": \"season cost $650,000, but everyone expected it to be a success. Covering the theme of love, it used \\\"A Midsummer Night's Dream\\\", \\\"Twelfth Night\\\", \\\"All's Well That Ends Well\\\", \\\"Measure for Measure\\\" and \\\"King Lear\\\". However, the show achieved very poor ratings and was cancelled at the end of the first season. The second season had been set to cover power (\\\"King Richard the Second\\\", \\\"The First Part of King Henry the Fourth\\\", \\\"The Tragedy of Richard III\\\", \\\"The Taming of the Shrew\\\", \\\"Macbeth\\\" and \\\"Julius Caesar\\\"), with the third looking at revenge (\\\"The Merchant of Venice\\\", \\\"Hamlet, Prince of\",\n \"title\": \"BBC Television Shakespeare\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10078643\",\n \"text\": \"The Taming of the Shrew & Julius Caesar 1978 The Winter's Tale & As You Like It 1979 Much Ado About Nothing & Macbeth 1980 Love's Labour's Lost & The Merry Wives of Windsor 1981 The Merchant of Venice & Two Gentlemen of Verona 1982 A Midsummer Night's Dream & King Henry IV; part I 1983 Twelfth Night & Romeo and Juliet 1984 Much Ado About Nothing & The Tempest 1985 Richard III & The Taming of the Shrew 1986 As You Like It & King Lear 1987 Macbeth & A Midsummer Night's Dream 1988 No Festival 1989 The Merchant\",\n \"title\": \"Pendley Open Air Shakespeare Festival\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9365704\",\n \"text\": \"the plays were renamed \\\"Henry VI: Revenge in France\\\" and \\\"Henry VI: Revolt in England\\\". In 2016, \\\"Richard II\\\" and \\\"1 Henry IV\\\" were combined as was \\\"2 Henry IV\\\" and \\\"Henry V\\\". The Plays were renamed \\\"Breath of Kings: Rebellion\\\" and \\\"Breath of Kings: Redemption\\\". Stratford Shakespeare Festival production history This page describes the production history of the Stratford Festival The Stratford Festival (formerly known as the Stratford Shakespearean Festival, the Stratford Festival of Canada and the Stratford Shakepeare Festival) is a summer-long celebration of theatre held each year in Stratford, Ontario. Theatre-goers, actors, and playwrights flock to Stratford\",\n \"title\": \"Stratford Shakespeare Festival production history\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4140706\",\n \"text\": \"for \\\"The Winter of Our Discontent\\\" (1983), and a BAFTA for \\\"Once Upon a Time in America\\\" (1984). Since the late 1980s, her acting appearances have been infrequent. Weld was born Susan Ker Weld in New York City. Her father, Lathrop Motley Weld, was a member of the Weld family of Massachusetts; he died in 1947 at the age of 49, shortly before his daughter's fourth birthday. Her mother, Yosene Balfour Ker, daughter of the artist and \\\"Life\\\" illustrator William Balfour Ker, was Lathrop Weld's fourth and final wife. Susan Ker Weld had two siblings, Sarah King Weld (born 1935)\",\n \"title\": \"Tuesday Weld\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1466389\",\n \"text\": \"don't not believe it. His plays have been performed nationwide, including on Broadway and Off-Broadway. His works include \\\"Sister Mary Ignatius Explains It All For You\\\", \\\"Beyond Therapy\\\", \\\"Baby With the Bathwater\\\", \\\"The Nature and Purpose of the Universe\\\", \\\"Titanic\\\", \\\"A History of the American Film\\\", \\\"The Idiots Karamazov\\\", \\\"The Marriage of Bette and Boo\\\", \\\"Laughing Wild\\\", \\\"'Dentity Crisis\\\", \\\"The Actor's Nightmare\\\", \\\"The Vietnamization of New Jersey\\\", \\\"Betty's Summer Vacation\\\", \\\"Naomi in the Living Room\\\", \\\"Adrift in Macao\\\", \\\"Mrs. Bob Cratchit's Wild Christmas Binge\\\", \\\"Miss Witherspoon\\\", \\\"Why Torture is Wrong, and the People Who Love Them\\\", \\\"Vanya and Sonia and\",\n \"title\": \"Christopher Durang\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"509220\",\n \"text\": \"Shakespeare's late romances The late romances, often simply called the romances, are a grouping of William Shakespeare's last plays, comprising \\\"Pericles, Prince of Tyre\\\"; \\\"Cymbeline\\\"; \\\"The Winter's Tale\\\"; and \\\"The Tempest\\\". \\\"The Two Noble Kinsmen\\\", of which Shakespeare was co-author, is sometimes also included in the grouping. The term \\\"romances\\\" was first used for these late works in Edward Dowden's \\\"Shakespeare: A Critical Study of His Mind and Art\\\" (1875). Later writers have generally been content to adopt Dowden's term. Shakespeare's plays cannot be precisely dated, but it is generally agreed that these comedies followed a series of tragedies including\",\n \"title\": \"Shakespeare's late romances\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13167999\",\n \"text\": \"and this unassuming production makes plain its virtues.\\\"\\\" Anita Gates also noted O'Brien's leaned down approach, \\\"\\\"you always know what you’re going to get: spare, streamlined, playful Shakespeare with laughs (even in the tragedies).\\\"\\\" Among the over thirty productions O'Brien directed at Hudson Valley Shakespeare Festival: King Lear, Love's Labour's Lost, Hamlet, Troilus and Cressida, Pericles, All's Well That Ends Well, Henry V, The Merchant of Venice, Measure for Measure, Titus Andronicus, Macbeth, The Merry Wives of Windsor, The Taming of the Shrew, Romeo and Juliet, Much Ado About Nothing, Twelfth Night, As You Like It, A Midsummer Night's Dream,\",\n \"title\": \"Terrence O'Brien (director)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8053702\",\n \"text\": \"change and construction of Sidney Harman Hall, part of the new Harman Center for the Arts, which expands artistic opportunities for the Shakespeare Theatre Company and other arts groups. On February 8, 2017, Kahn announced that he will be resigning as Artistic Director in July 2019. Shakespeare Theatre Company Directing Credits: \\\"Henry IV, Part 1\\\" and \\\"Henry IV, Part 2\\\" in repertory, \\\"Wallenstein\\\", \\\"The Government Inspector\\\", \\\"Strange Interlude\\\", \\\"The Heir Apparent\\\" (world premiere), \\\"Old Times\\\", \\\"All's Well That Ends Well\\\", \\\"The Liar\\\", \\\"Richard II\\\", \\\"The Alchemist\\\", \\\"Design for Living\\\", \\\"The Way of the World\\\", \\\"Antony and Cleopatra\\\", \\\"Tamburlaine\\\", \\\"Hamlet\\\", \\\"Richard\",\n \"title\": \"Michael Kahn (theatre director)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5064757\",\n \"text\": \"(2015). Similarly, hit Broadway plays are often adapted into films, whether from musicals or dramas. Some examples of American film adaptations based on successful Broadway plays are \\\"Arsenic and Old Lace\\\" (1944), \\\"Born Yesterday\\\" (1950), \\\"Harvey\\\" (1950), \\\"A Streetcar Named Desire\\\" (1951), \\\"The Odd Couple\\\" (1968), \\\"The Boys in the Band\\\" (1970), \\\"Agnes of God\\\" (1985), \\\"Children of a Lesser God\\\" (1986), Glengarry Glen Ross (1992), \\\"Real Women Have Curves\\\" (2002), \\\"Rabbit Hole\\\" (2010), and \\\"Fences\\\" (2016). On one hand, theatrical adaptation does not involve as many interpolations or elisions as novel adaptation, but on the other, the demands of\",\n \"title\": \"Film adaptation\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5830473\",\n \"text\": \"and \\\"2\\\", and \\\"Henry V\\\". This period begins and ends with two tragedies: \\\"Romeo and Juliet\\\", and \\\"Julius Caesar\\\", based on Sir Thomas North's 1579 translation of Plutarch's \\\"Parallel Lives\\\", which introduced a new kind of drama. Shakespeare's career continued into the Jacobean period, and in the early 17th century Shakespeare wrote the so-called \\\"problem plays\\\", \\\"Measure for Measure\\\", \\\"Troilus and Cressida\\\", and \\\"All's Well That Ends Well\\\", as well as a number of his best known tragedies, including \\\"Hamlet\\\", \\\"Othello\\\", \\\"Macbeth\\\", \\\"King Lear\\\" and \\\"Anthony and Cleopatra\\\". The plots of Shakespeare's tragedies often hinge on such fatal errors or\",\n \"title\": \"Elizabethan literature\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6295449\",\n \"text\": \"use in literature usually has sexual connotations. The best known example is in Thomas Middleton and William Rowley's play \\\"The Changeling\\\", in which an adulterer tells his cuckold \\\"I coupled with your mate at barley-break; now we are left in hell\\\". The use of the phrase in Thomas Morley's madrigal \\\"Now Is the Month of Maying\\\" probably means something similar to the idiom \\\"roll in the hay\\\". Barley-Break Barley-Break is an old English country game frequently mentioned by the poets of the 17th and 18th centuries. It was played by three pairs, each composed of a man and a woman,\",\n \"title\": \"Barley-Break\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4142535\",\n \"text\": \"the seductress Margie Young-Hunt . . . the third person narrative reappears.\\\" The second exception is the interlude at the start of chapter eleven which is presented by the author as an omniscient narrator, before the chapter reverts to Ethan's point of view. The three different narrative styles are therefore: omniscient narrator (Chapter 11 part); free indirect discourse from multiple points of view (Chapters 1,2,11,12); and first person narrative from a single point of view (the rest of the book). The novel was made into a television movie in the Hallmark Hall of Fame in 1983, featuring Donald Sutherland, Teri\",\n \"title\": \"The Winter of Our Discontent\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11681047\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Hallmark Hall of Fame\\\" productions between 1951 and 1958; \\\"Live from the Met\\\" and \\\"Great Performances\\\" for PBS; and television adaptations of plays such as \\\"June Moon\\\", \\\"Damn Yankees!\\\", \\\"A Touch of the Poet\\\", \\\"The Taming of the Shrew\\\", \\\"The Time of Your Life\\\", \\\"Tartuffe\\\", \\\"Fifth of July\\\", \\\"You Can't Take it with You\\\", \\\"The House of Blue Leaves\\\", \\\"Our Town\\\", and \\\"Death of a Salesman\\\", which earned him a nomination for the Directors Guild of America Award for Outstanding Directing - Television Film. Browning won two Primetime Emmy Awards, one for directing a 1987 special with Plácido Domingo and\",\n \"title\": \"Kirk Browning\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11116760\",\n \"text\": \"In December 1660, the King granted the Duke's Company the exclusive rights to ten of Shakespeare's plays: \\\"Hamlet\\\", \\\"Macbeth\\\", \\\"King Lear\\\", \\\"Romeo and Juliet\\\", \\\"The Tempest\\\", \\\"Twelfth Night\\\", \\\"Much Ado About Nothing\\\", \\\"Measure for Measure\\\", \\\"Henry VIII\\\", and \\\"Pericles, Prince of Tyre\\\". In 1661, their first year at Lincoln's Inn Fields, the company revived \\\"Hamlet\\\", in a production that employed the innovation of stage scenery. Samuel Pepys saw their production on 24 August; he described it as \\\"done with scenes very well, but above all, Betterton did the Prince's part beyond imagination\\\". Davenant tried to make the most of the\",\n \"title\": \"Duke's Company\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10005158\",\n \"text\": \"published by Samuel French, which has been performed around the world. Cashmore wrote the following full-length plays and pantomimes: \\\"What's in a name?\\\", \\\"Amber\\\", \\\"Trip of a Lifetime\\\", \\\"Time Please\\\", \\\"A Breed Apart\\\", \\\"Amy is Four\\\", \\\"Unaccommodated\\\", \\\"Bride or Groom?\\\", \\\"Seating Plan\\\", \\\"New Year's Resolution\\\". Cashmore wrote three one-act plays: \\\"Past Lives\\\", \\\"Daughter\\\", and \\\"Him, Her and Them\\\". He also performed in two one-man shows, \\\"An Everyday Actor\\\" and \\\"Bill's Clothes\\\". In 2017, he was selected as the Green Party candidate for Chelsea and Fulham, where he stood for parliament in the 2017 General Election. Cashmore died on 9 November\",\n \"title\": \"Bill Cashmore\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20345798\",\n \"text\": \"Rosenfield from \\\"Entertainment Weekly\\\" gave the episode a A-, and particularly enjoyed the last scene with its reveals. She is also pleased that the episode doesn't see the threesome scene through to its \\\"repulsive conclusion\\\". However, she criticized the use of the Judgement House, calling it \\\"a blatant ripoff of Se7en\\\". \\\"Vulture\\\"'s Brian Moylan gave the episode a 4 out of 5, with a positive review, saying \\\"There is a lot of great, cutting Trump satire in this episode. While late-night hosts and facile sitcoms like \\\"Will & Grace\\\" go for the easy Cheeto-faced joke, AHS cuts a lot deeper.\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"Winter of Our Discontent (American Horror Story)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19344405\",\n \"text\": \"Don Homfray Don Homfray (1935–2012) was a BAFTA-winning production designer for the BBC. Homfray was born at Codsall, Staffordshire, in 1935. He studied architecture at Wolverhampton Polytechnic and then worked for the BBC as a production designer in Birmingham, Cardiff and London. Homfray was awarded a BAFTA for his work on the 1972 BBC production of \\\"War and Peace\\\", and was nominated for his work on \\\"Germinal\\\" (1970) and \\\"Vienna 1900\\\" (1973). He designed seven of the plays in the BBC Television Shakespeare series: \\\"Henry IV\\\", Parts 1 and 2 (1979), \\\"Henry V\\\" (1979), \\\"Hamlet\\\" (1980), \\\"A Winter's Tale\\\" (1981),\",\n \"title\": \"Don Homfray\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5830474\",\n \"text\": \"flaws, which overturn order and destroy the hero and those he loves. In his final period, Shakespeare turned to romance or tragicomedy and completed three more major plays: \\\"Cymbeline\\\", \\\"The Winter's Tale\\\" and \\\"The Tempest\\\", as well as the collaboration, \\\"Pericles, Prince of Tyre\\\". Less bleak than the tragedies, these four plays are graver in tone than the comedies of the 1590s, but they end with reconciliation and the forgiveness of potentially tragic errors. Shakespeare collaborated on two further surviving plays, \\\"Henry VIII\\\" and \\\"The Two Noble Kinsmen\\\", probably with John Fletcher. Other important figures in the Elizabethan theatre include\",\n \"title\": \"Elizabethan literature\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14382849\",\n \"text\": \"The other said: \\\"There are still twenty nine.\\\" The phrase \\\"30 pieces of silver\\\" is used more generally to describe a price at which people sell out. In Dostoyevsky's \\\"Crime and Punishment\\\", it is echoed in the 30 roubles which the character Sonia earns for selling herself. In the folk-song \\\"King John and the Bishop\\\", the bishop's answer to the riddle of how much the king is worth is 29 pieces of silver, as no king is worth more than Jesus. In Shakespeare's play \\\"Henry IV, Part 2\\\", the mistress of Falstaff asks \\\"and didst thou not kiss me, and\",\n \"title\": \"Thirty pieces of silver\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10775539\",\n \"text\": \"Audience\\\" at the Gielgud Theatre. He had previously been nominated for an Olivier Award in 1994 for his role as Autolycus in the 1992 RSC production of \\\"The Winter's Tale\\\". http://www.olivierawards.com/winners/view/item98528/olivier-winners-1994/ McCabe is an Associate Artist of the Royal Shakespeare Company (RSC), best known for his roles, ranging from comedy (Puck, Autolycus, Thersites, Apemantus) to drama (King John, Iago, Flamineo). He first gained major attention as Puck in the 1989 production of \\\"A Midsummer Night's Dream\\\", with a production that featured punk fairies and a scrapyard set. As Autolycus, McCabe entered Act III in \\\"The Winter's Tale\\\", hanging from a\",\n \"title\": \"Richard McCabe\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1480046\",\n \"text\": \"Besides the Middle English drama, there are three surviving plays in Cornish known as the Ordinalia. These biblical plays differ widely in content. Most contain episodes such as the \\\"Fall of Lucifer\\\", the \\\"Creation and Fall of Man\\\", \\\"Cain and Abel\\\", \\\"Noah and the Flood\\\", \\\"Abraham and Isaac\\\", the \\\"Nativity\\\", the \\\"Raising of Lazarus\\\", the \\\"Passion\\\", and the \\\"Resurrection\\\". Other pageants included the story of \\\"Moses\\\", the \\\"Procession of the Prophets\\\", \\\"Christ's Baptism\\\", the \\\"Temptation in the Wilderness\\\", and the \\\"Assumption and Coronation of the Virgin\\\". In given cycles, the plays came to be sponsored by the newly emerging Medieval\",\n \"title\": \"English drama\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13908690\",\n \"text\": \"at the leading regional theatres Oregon Shakespeare Festival (Ashland, Oregon), Hartford Stage (Hartford, Connecticut), Shakespeare & Company (Lenox, Massachusetts), TheatreWorks (Palo Alto, California), and California Shakespeare Theater (Berkeley, California). Her passion is Shakespearean classics, heightened language plays, and magic/heightened realism, which is evident in these select directing credits: \\\"The Winter’s Tale\\\", \\\"Twelfth Night\\\", \\\"Much Ado About Nothing\\\", \\\"Scapin the Cheat\\\", \\\"Sleepy\\\", \\\"Steel Magnolias\\\", \\\"Children of Eden\\\", \\\"The 25th Annual Putnam County Spelling Bee\\\", \\\"Little Shop of Horrors\\\", \\\"The Burial at Thebes\\\", \\\"My California\\\", \\\"Medea\\\", \\\"Trojan Women\\\", \\\"In the Blood\\\", and \\\"La Ronde\\\". Dawn Monique Williams Dawn Monique Williams (born July\",\n \"title\": \"Dawn Monique Williams\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3892837\",\n \"text\": \"the series' best. The Conscience of the King \\\"The Conscience of the King\\\" is the thirteenth episode of the of the American science fiction television series, \\\"\\\". Written by Barry Trivers and directed by Gerd Oswald, it first aired on December 8, 1966. The episode takes its title from the concluding lines of Act II of \\\"Hamlet:\\\" \\\"The play's the thing/Wherein I'll catch the conscience of the king.\\\" In the episode, Captain Kirk crosses paths with an actor suspected of having been a mass-murdering dictator many years before. The episode featured the final appearance (in production order) of Grace Lee\",\n \"title\": \"The Conscience of the King\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7973022\",\n \"text\": \"The Winter of Our Discontent (film) The Winter of Our Discontent is a 1983 American made-for-television drama film directed by Waris Hussein based on the novel of the same name by John Steinbeck. The story is about a Long Islander named Ethan Allen Hawley (played by Donald Sutherland) who works as a clerk in a grocery store he used to own, but which is now owned by an Italian immigrant (played by Michael V. Gazzo). His wife (Teri Garr) and kids want more than what he can give them because of his lowly position. He finds out that the immigrant\",\n \"title\": \"The Winter of Our Discontent (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2969356\",\n \"text\": \"believed that Shakespeare in his retirement was revising his oeuvre \\\"for definitive publication\\\". The \\\"apprentice plays\\\" which had been reworked were naturally omitted from the Folio. Sams also rejected 20th-century orthodoxy on Shakespeare's collaboration: with the exception of \\\"Sir Thomas More\\\", \\\"Two Noble Kinsmen\\\" and \\\"Henry VIII\\\", the plays were solely his, though many were only partly revised. By Sams' authorship- and dating-arguments, Shakespeare wrote not only the earliest \\\"modern\\\" chronicle play, \\\"The Troublesome Reign\\\", c.1588, but also \\\"the earliest known modern comedy and tragedy\\\", \\\"A Shrew\\\" and the Ur-\\\"Hamlet\\\" ( = the 1603 Quarto). Sams also argued, more briefly,\",\n \"title\": \"Shakespeare apocrypha\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9391384\",\n \"text\": \"has more than 50 Broadway plays and musicals to his credit including , No Man's Land/Waiting for Godot in rep, Love Letters, The Country House, The Assembled Parties,\\\"Nice Work If You Can Get It\\\", \\\"Venus in Fur\\\",\\\"Wit\\\", \\\"Anything Goes\\\", \\\"A View From the Bridge\\\", \\\"The Pajama Game\\\", \\\"Seascape\\\", \\\"Who’s Afraid of Virginia Woolf?\\\", \\\"Wonderful Town\\\", \\\"Anna in the Tropics\\\", and revivals of \\\"The Music Man\\\" and \\\"Kiss Me, Kate\\\". His recent off-Broadway work includes Dada Woof Papa Hot (Lincoln Center Theater), Ripcord Manhattan Theater Club), \\\"How I Learned to Drive\\\" for 2nd Stage, \\\"Twelfth Night\\\", \\\"All's Well\\\", \\\"Measure for Measure\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"Peter Kaczorowski\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"compressed_ctxs_1":{"kind":"string","value":"{\n \"compressed_prompt\": \"Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\\n\\ntitle: I Have a Dream context: African American church in Terrell County, Georgia, in September 1962, in which she used the repeated phrase \\\"I have a dream\\\". The church burned down after it was used for voter registration meetings. The speech also alludes to in the second stanza of the speech. Additionally, King quotes from (\\\"I have a dream that every valley shall be exalted ...\\\") and (\\\"But let justice roll down like water ...\\\"). He also alludes to the opening lines of Shakespeare's \\\"Richard III\\\" (\\\"Now is the winter of our discontent / Made glorious summer ...\\\") when he remarks that \\\"this sweltering summer of\\n\\n\\\"What play opens with \\\"\\\"Now is the winter of our discontent\\\"\\\"?\\\"\",\n \"compressed_tokens\": 186,\n \"origin_tokens\": 186,\n \"ratio\": \"1.0x\",\n \"saving\": \", Saving $0.0 in GPT-4.\"\n}"},"compressed_ctxs_100":{"kind":"string","value":"{\n \"compressed_prompt\": \"Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\\n\\ntitle: Richard III (play) context: ofithesis to Richard III. The same antithesis was noted by conservative commentator Noah Millman. In the \\\"Red Dwarf\\\" episode \\\"Marooned\\\", Rimmer objects to Lister's burning of the \\\"Complete Works of Shakespeare\\\" in an attempt to maintain enough heat to keep him alive. When challenged, Rimmer claims he can quote from it and embarks upon the soliloquy: \\\"Now! ... That's all I can remember. You know! That famous speech from \\\"Richard III\\\" – 'now, something something something something'.\\\" John Steinbeck used the opening line for the title of his novel \\\"The Winter of Our Discontent\\\". The phrase \\\"Winter of Discontent\\\"\\n\\ntitle apocry context believed that Shakespeare in his retirement revising his oeuv \\\"for definitive publication\\\". Theapprentice plays\\\" which had been rework were naturally omitted from the Folio Sams also rejected 20th-century orthodoxy on Shakespeare's: with the exception of \\\"Sir Thomas More\\\", Noble Kinsmen\\\" andHenry VIII\\\", the plays were solely his, though many were only partly revised. By Sams' authorship- and dating- Shakespeare wrote not only the earliestmodern\\\" chronicle play, \\\"The Troublesome Reign\\\", c.1588, but also \\\"the earliest modern and tragedy\\\", \\\" Shrew\\\" and the Ur-Hamlet\\\" ( = 1603 Quarto). Sams also argued, briefly,\\n\\ntitle: Henry VI, Part 3 line \\\"Now is the ofcontent the from \\\" Bogdan English Shakespeare Company presented a different adaptationanse in9, using the the tour. plays from the history presented seven period, one performance only, only-eight portray the nearly Whilst the five wereadapt the VI plays were combined into two using the/H the first was named\\ntitle: Winter to taking only. from the of [ York\\\", first of the winter by Ch atIncomes Data Report\\\". It was subsequently used in a speech by James Callaghan and translated to define a crisis by tabloids – including \\\"The Sun\\\". The weather turned very cold in the early months of 1979 with blizzards and deep snow, the coldest since 1962–63,\\n\\n\\\"What play opens with \\\"\\\"Now is the winter of our discontent\\\"\\\"?\\\"\",\n \"compressed_tokens\": 512,\n \"origin_tokens\": 16263,\n \"ratio\": \"31.8x\",\n \"saving\": \", Saving $0.9 in GPT-4.\"\n}"}}},{"rowIdx":275,"cells":{"id":{"kind":"number","value":275,"string":"275"},"question":{"kind":"string","value":"\"What is the origin of the expression \"\"Cowabunga!\"\"--the war cry of the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles? A :It was the greeting exchanged by Buffalo Bob Smith and Chief Thunderthud on the \"\"Howdy Doody\"\"\""},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["It was the greeting exchanged by Buffalo Bob Smith and Chief Thunderthud on the Howdy Doody TV show in the 1950s"],"string":"[\n \"It was the greeting exchanged by Buffalo Bob Smith and Chief Thunderthud on the Howdy Doody TV show in the 1950s\"\n]","isConversational":false},"target":{"kind":"string","value":"It was the greeting exchanged by Buffalo Bob Smith and Chief Thunderthud on the Howdy Doody TV show in the 1950s"},"ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"id":"4954253","text":"on The Magic Castle, a nightclub in the Hollywood district of Los Angeles, California. Marge's line \"I didn't say that for clapping\" is a reference to a speech given by John Wayne while he was intoxicated. Homer wants to buy a singing rubber fish after their first con. At the end of the episode, Bart exclaims “Cowabunga!”, a catch-phrase of the main characters in the animated television series \"Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles\". In the scene where Grampa joins Bart and Homer, Grampa mentions the film \"The Sting II\". In its original American broadcast on December 10, 2000, \"The Great Money","title":"The Great Money Caper"},{"id":"14852757","text":"\"Say Kids! What Time Is It?\", which chronicled the history of \"The Howdy Doody Show\", credited Kean with writing the show's theme song as the program's \"chief writer, philosopher and theoretician\". In his eight years with the show, he scripted \"almost every line spoken and every note sung\", created characters such as Clarabell the Clown and Princess Summerfall Winterspring, and conceived of Howdy Doody's 1948 run for President of the United States. Kean coined the word \"kawabonga\" as a greeting for the character Chief Thunderthud, which was later adopted by surfers as \"cowabunga\" and popularized by Snoopy, the Teenage Mutant","title":"Edward Kean"},{"id":"2837279","text":"walking on a road and he made a speaking cameo along with the other turtles at the end of the episode when a space worm from the 2012 dimension started terrorizing the street. All four turtles see the worm and spring into action while shouting their famous catchphrase, 'Cowabunga'. Townsend Coleman reprised his role as Michelangelo for the cameo. This would mark the first time in over 28 years the 1987 TMNT cast would return to their roles. With exception of Rob Paulsen who returned to the TMNT franchise as Donatello in the 2012 series. The 1987 turtles also had","title":"Michelangelo (Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles)"},{"id":"2837275","text":"is most associated with the \"Cowabunga\" expression that became a pop culture phenomenon. Michelangelo had a fondness for pizza, even beyond that of the other Turtles; in the Season 3 episode \"Cowabunga, Shredhead\", his pizza cravings annoyed the others so much that Splinter hypnotized him into refusing and denouncing pizza whenever the very word was mentioned, although the hypnosis was lifted at the end of the episode. He was essentially a provider of comic relief, alongside Raphael. Michelangelo began the series with his trademark nunchaku as his weapons, but controversy surrounding the weapons in the United Kingdom led to scenes","title":"Michelangelo (Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles)"},{"id":"2837185","text":"of appearances in the 2012 series in the episode, The Manhattan Project. He and the other turtles along with Casey and April are seen through a portal by their 2012 counterparts walking on a road and he made a speaking cameo along with the other turtles at the end of the episode when a space worm from the 2012 dimension started terrorizing the street. All four turtles see the worm and spring into action while shouting their famous catchphrase, 'Cowabunga'. Cam Clarke reprised his role as Leonardo for the cameo. This would mark the first time in over 28 years","title":"Leonardo (Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles)"},{"id":"2837278","text":"these anti-drug PSAs, Michelangelo suggests to a kid being tempted with marijuana that he should \"get a pizza\" to go with it, before the idea is shot down by Donatello. Michelangelo's trademark phrase in this series is the famous \"Cowabunga\". Michelangelo's voice actor was Townsend Coleman in the 1987 series' original English language version and Johnny Castro in the 25th anniversary movie \"Turtles Forever\". Michelangelo also made a couple of appearances in the 2012 series in the episode, The Manhattan Project. He and the other turtles along with Casey and April are seen through a portal by their 2012 counterparts","title":"Michelangelo (Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles)"},{"id":"2837261","text":"audience, than in the more serious original comic books which were aimed at an older audience. He often coins most of their catchphrases, such as \"Cowabunga!\". Like all of the brothers, he is named after a Renaissance artist; in this case, he is named after Michelangelo Buonarroti. The spelling of the character's name varies from source to source, and he has been alternately shown as both Michelangelo and Michaelangelo. In these original comic books, Michelangelo was initially depicted as fun-loving, carefree, and, while not as aggressive as Raphael, always ready to fight. He is much more serious-natured in the comic","title":"Michelangelo (Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles)"},{"id":"2837229","text":"2012 series in the episode, The Manhattan Project. He and the other turtles along with Casey and April are seen through a portal by their 2012 counterparts walking on a road and he made a speaking cameo along with the other turtles at the end of the episode when a space worm from the 2012 dimension started terrorizing the street. All four turtles see the worm and spring into action while shouting their famous catchphrase, 'Cowabunga'. This would be Rob Paulsen's second role in the 2012 series, the other being Donatello while he returned to his role as Raphael for","title":"Raphael (Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles)"},{"id":"2837300","text":"asks if he can use it from time to time. In the episode \"Journey to the Center of Mikey's Mind\", he says \"Booyakabunga\" (a mixture of both Booyakasha and Cowabunga). Michelangelo also has an affinity for animals in this incarnation, as well as a fear of squirrels. Whilst he is more interested in comics and cartoon shows (such as Crognard the Barbarian and Super Robo Mecha Force Five) than animals, he adopted a cat April found on the street after the cat ate some mutagen Mikey had spilled ice cream in, resulting in the arable and delicious Ice Cream Kitty;","title":"Michelangelo (Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles)"},{"id":"2837299","text":"Later in an episode, he says that Mikey has his \"challenges\" too. And even if Mikey can give his brothers grief, they will always care and love him and have his back. It is heavily implied that this version of Michelangelo has some form of ADHD. Unlike past incarnations, Mikey does not say his famous \"Cowabunga\" catchphrase, but instead says \"BOOYAKASHA!\" He usually does this when doing accomplishing something or attacking an enemy. In the episode \"Meet Mondo Gecko\" the character Jason (AKA Mondo Gecko) uses 'cowabunga' as his own catchphrase, and Michelangelo says it's \"too old school\" but later","title":"Michelangelo (Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles)"},{"id":"2837303","text":"is 13 years old. Also an artist and awesome skateboarder with a wild colorful, and imaginative personality.\". This incarnation of Michelangelo lacks a surfer accent, and likes to refer to himself as the artist of the group. He possessed more childlike innocence/naiveness. He have also have a strong passion of cooking too. Michelangelo is depicted in the live-action movies as the easy-going, free-spirited turtle. One of his movie catchphrases is, \"I love being a turtle! \" and cowabunga! Owing to his popularity with children, he is given many lines and comes up with several (slightly outrageous) plans to advance plots.","title":"Michelangelo (Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles)"},{"id":"741543","text":"\"¡Ay, caramba!\" and \"Don't have a cow, man!\", were featured on T-shirts manufactured during the production of the early seasons of \"The Simpsons\". \"Cowabunga\" is also commonly associated with Bart, although it was mostly used on the show after it had been used as a slogan on the T-shirts. The use of catchphrase-based humor was mocked in the episode \"Bart Gets Famous\" (season five, 1994) in which Bart lands a popular role on Krusty the Clown's show for saying the line \"I didn't do it.\" The writers chose the phrase \"I didn't do it\" because they wanted a \"lousy\" phrase","title":"Bart Simpson"},{"id":"544155","text":"\"far-out\", \"tubuloso\", \"bodacious\", and possibly the most recognized, \"cowabunga\". On April 21, 1990, a drug-prevention television special was broadcast on ABC, NBC, and CBS named \"Cartoon All-Stars to the Rescue\" that featured some of the most popular cartoons at the time; representing TMNT was Michelangelo, voiced by Townsend Coleman. Starting on September 8, 1990 (with a different opening sequence), the show began its run on CBS. The CBS weekend edition ran for a full hour until 1994, initially airing a few Saturday-exclusive episodes back-to-back. Also, a brief \"Turtle Tips\" segment aired between the two episodes, which served as public-service announcement","title":"Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles"},{"id":"6554185","text":"budget of $34 million. Three thousand years ago, warlord Yaotl enters a portal into a parallel universe and becomes immortal, but his four generals are turned to stone. The portal also releases 13 immortal monsters that destroy his army and his enemies. In the present, the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles have grown apart. After defeating the Shredder, Master Splinter has sent Leonardo to Central America for training, where he protects a village from bandits. Donatello works as an IT specialist, Michelangelo works as a birthday party entertainer called \"Cowabunga Carl\", and Raphael works at night as the vigilante \"Nightwatcher\". April","title":"TMNT (film)"},{"id":"4645100","text":"\"there are themes to the shows we did last year, important themes, I think it's a tribute to how well we executed them that nobody realized we had a point.\" Bart says \"Cowabunga\" for the second time (the first time being in \"The Telltale Head\"), which was commonly associated with Bart through its use as a T-shirt slogan. Mayor Quimby makes his first appearance in this episode, without his trademark sash that says \"Mayor\". The sash was later added because the writers feared that viewers would not recognize him. The episode was the first to feature a new opening sequence,","title":"Bart Gets an \"F\""},{"id":"544136","text":"was honed with the collaboration of the Murakami-Wolf-Swenson animation firm's writers. Playmates and their team essentially served as associate producers and contributing writers to the miniseries that was first launched to sell-in the toy action figures. Phrases like \"Heroes in a half shell\" and many of the comical catch phrases and battle cries (\"Turtle power!\") came from the writing and conceptualization of this creative team. As the series developed, veteran writer Jack Mendelsohn came on board as both a story editor and scriptwriter. David Wise, Michael Charles Hill, and Michael Reaves wrote most of the scripts. The miniseries was repeated","title":"Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles"},{"id":"8731813","text":"Roach in poetry. Winner: Nominees: Winner: 2 Finalists: Nominees: Winner: Finalists: Nominees: Winner: Finalists: Nominees: Winner: Nominees: Winner: 2 Finalists: Nominees\":\" Winner: 2 Finalists: Nominees: Winner: 2 Finalists: Nominees: Winner: Nominees Winner: 2 Finalists: Nominees\":\" Winner: 2 Finalists: Nominees: Winner: 2 Finalists: Nominees: Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Nominees Winner Nominees Winner Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winners Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Nominees Winner","title":"Hurston-Wright Legacy Award"},{"id":"6554191","text":"faces from their past, which the Turtles suspect to be the Shredder. She and the rest of the Foot Clan depart. Yaotl, now mortal, honors the Turtles and Splinter, thanking them for fulfilling his wish before dissipating. Splinter places Yaotl's helmet among his trophy collection, as well as Raphael's \"Nightwatcher\" helmet and Michelangelo's \"Cowabunga Carl\" head. As they return to their roles as the shadowy guardians of New York City, Raphael says that the Turtles will always be brothers. A computer graphics imagery (CGI) Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (TMNT) movie was first announced in 2000, with John Woo supposedly at","title":"TMNT (film)"},{"id":"5798700","text":"the surface, the young Turtles witness bullies picking on young \"Arnie\". Disguising themselves as a human child, they attempt to teach him self-defense. However, their unique perspectives and attitudes resulted in more trouble than help. In the end, however, young Casey angrily jumps to the defense of a friend against the bullies, proclaiming they were no match for \"Arnold Casey Jones!\" In a bit of foreshadowing, he uses a bully's hockey stick against them. His main catchphrase is the battle cry \"Goongala!\". It is also revealed in episode \"The Lesson\" that this came from a young Casey being unable to","title":"Casey Jones (Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles)"},{"id":"2837003","text":"other three movies. However, it should be noted that Raphael felt he was better suited to be in charge and openly asks Splinter why he was not considered for the role. Splinter explains that Raph has not yet mastered control over his rage and is therefore not eligible to be leader. In this film, Donnie also seems to show a bit more emotional care for Mikey than in the previous films. According to the short \"Mikey's Birthday Party\" Donnie helps Mikey with his job as a character entertainer named \"Cowabunga Carl\" by communicating with Mikey via cameras and head gear","title":"Donatello (Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles)"},{"id":"2837304","text":"In the first movie, he and Donatello were regularly paired together while Leonardo and Raphael were arguing. In the first movie and the first sequel, \"\", he was portrayed by Michelan Sisti; in the second sequel, \"Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles III\", he was portrayed by David Fraser. In all three movies, he was voiced by \"The Brady Bunch\" alum Robbie Rist. In \"TMNT\", Mikey has taken to performing at children's birthday parties as \"Cowabunga Carl\" in order to help make ends meet to support his family. It becomes apparent early in the film that the physical and emotional absence of","title":"Michelangelo (Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles)"},{"id":"17792435","text":"1907: 1908: 1909: 1910: 1911: 1912: 1913: 1914: 1915: 1917: 1918: 1920: 1921: 1922: 1923: 1925: 1926: 1927: 1928: 1929: 1930: 1931: 1932: 1933: 1934: 1935: 1936: 1937: 1938: 1940: 1941: 1942: 1943: 1945: 1946: 1947: 1949: 1950: 1951: 1955: 1957: 1959: 1962: 1963: 1964: 1965: 1966: 1969: 1970: 1971: 1972: 1975: 1976: 1977: 1978: 1979: 1980: 1982: 1983: 1984: 1987: 1988: 1994: 1996: 2001: 2005–2006: 2006: 2011: 2013: 2016: Timeline of women's education This is a timeline of women's education. 1237 1239 1608 1636 1639 1644 1674 1678 1685 1727 1732 1742 1751 1783 1786 1787 1788 1803 1818","title":"Timeline of women's education"},{"id":"5798701","text":"pronounce \"-sama\", a battle cry meaning lit. \"Mr. Thunder\", that young Michelangelo kept trying to teach him. \"Goongala\" was the best he could come up with. Despite his lack of intelligence and apparent incompetence, he was early on in the series referred to by Hun as \"Our (the Purple Dragon's) greatest enemy\", and a fighting tournament was held to see which Dragon would have the honor of killing him, indicating how serious a threat the criminal underworld views him as. In the series, Casey has a good heart, but is easily enraged and occasionally bumbling. He loves motorcycles. In a","title":"Casey Jones (Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles)"},{"id":"10452037","text":"That's When I Reach for My Revolver \"That's When I Reach for My Revolver\" is a song by Mission of Burma that was written and sung by band member Clint Conley. It appears on their 1981 EP \"Signals, Calls and Marches\". Moby covered the song in 1996 and released it as a single, reaching number fifty on the UK Singles Chart. The title is a reference to the often-mistranslated quotation commonly attributed to Hermann Göring: \"When I hear the word 'culture', that's when I reach for my revolver\" — the actual quote is \"Wenn ich Kultur höre ... entsichere ich","title":"That's When I Reach for My Revolver"},{"id":"3798593","text":"claims that \"War Eagle\" was the name given to the large golden eagle by the Plains Indians because the eagle furnished feathers for use in their war bonnets. According to a 1998 article in the Auburn Plainsman, the most likely origin of the \"War Eagle\" cry grew from a 1913 pep rally at Langdon Hall, where students had gathered the day before the annual football game against the University of Georgia. Cheerleader Gus Graydon told the crowd, \"If we are going to win this game, we'll have to get out there and fight, because this means war.\" During the frenzy,","title":"War Eagle"},{"id":"544154","text":"weekdays and it had 47 more episodes for the new season. There were 28 new syndicated episodes for season 4 and only 13 of those episodes aired in 1990. The \"European Vacation\" episodes were not seen in the United States until USA Network started showing reruns in late 1993 and the \"Awesome Easter\" episodes were not seen until 1991. These episodes were delayed because of animation or scheduling problems. The turtles are also well known for their use of idiomatic expressions characteristic of the surfer lingo of the time, especially by Michelangelo. Words and phrases included \"bummer\", \"dude\", \"bogus\", \"radical\",","title":"Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles"},{"id":"13506388","text":"Head of Comedy, wanted their name to include the word \"circus\" because the BBC referred to the six members wandering around the building as a circus, in particular, \"Baron Von Took's Circus\", after Barry Took, who had brought them to the BBC. The group added \"flying\" to make it sound less like an actual circus and more like something from World War I. The group was coming up with their name at a time when the 1966 Royal Guardsmen song \"Snoopy vs. the Red Baron\" had been at a peak. \"Freiherr\" Manfred von Richthofen, the World War I German flying","title":"Monty Python's Flying Circus"},{"id":"6394352","text":"– or all three – of .\" Examples include a 2001 album titled \"Quiet Is the New Loud\", a 2008 newspaper headline that stated \"Comedy is the new rock 'n' roll\", and the title of and 2013 Netflix original series \"Orange Is the New Black\". \"The mother of all \", a hyperbole which has been used to refer to something as \"great\" or \"the greatest of its kind\", became a popular snowclone template in the 1990s. The phrase entered American popular culture in September 1990 at the outset of the Gulf War, when Saddam Hussein's Revolutionary Command Council warned the","title":"Snowclone"},{"id":"544182","text":"Turtles\" (or TMHT, for short), since the British Broadcasting Corp deemed the word \"ninja\" to have excessively violent connotations for a children's program. Consequently, everything related to the Turtles (comic books, video games, toys, etc.) was renamed before being released in the UK as well as various other European countries. The lyrics were also changed, such as changing \"Splinter taught them to be \"ninja\" teens\" to \"Splinter taught them to be \"fighting\" teens\". The policies also had other effects, such as editing out use of Michelangelo's nunchaku (which were at the time banned by James Ferman, chairman of the BBFC,","title":"Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles"},{"id":"4542264","text":"of the second season. After the first two episodes were broadcast, the name was changed to \"Teenage Mutant Hero Turtles\" and the intro was edited, except for season one. In 2007–2008, episodes were aired in their original US unedited form. When shown on the BBC, phrases such as \"Let's kick some shell!\" and \"Bummer!\" were removed from the episodes (the latter may relate to a British slang term for anal sex). The series \"\" was also referred to as Hero Turtles, possibly using the term \"hero\" to separate the television series from the live action movies. The 2003 television series,","title":"Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (1987 TV series)"},{"id":"8345631","text":"were no words in the Navajo language for military machines, weapons, or foreign countries, so these words were substituted with words that did exist in the Navajo language. For example, Britain was spoken as \"between waters\" (toh-ta), a dive bomber was a \"chicken hawk\" (gini), a grenade was a \"potato\" (ni-ma-si) and Germany was \"iron hat\" (besh-be-cha-he). In 2001, 28 Navajo Code Talkers were awarded a Congressional Gold Medals, mostly posthumously. The group has also been commemorated in various media, including books, films, notably \"Windtalkers\" (2002) starring Nicolas Cage, \"Battle Cry\" starring Van Heflin, even a Navajo Code Talker GI","title":"Native Americans and World War II"},{"id":"11485869","text":"has failed to place among the top four teams only once, in 2012.Below is the list of eight nations that have finished in the top two in Thomas Cup. 2018: 2016: 2014: 2012: 2010: 2008: 2006: 2004: 2002: 2000: 1998: 1996: 1994: 1992: 2018: 2016: 2014: 2012: 2010: 2008: 2006: 2004: 2002: 2000: 1998: 1996: 1994: 1992: 1990: 1988: 1986: 1984: 1981: 1978: 1975: 1972: 1969: 2017 2015 2013 2011 2009 Even though they actually have a balance of strength in all events, they are known for producing many great doubles in the men's category. Their doubles had conquered the","title":"Indonesia national badminton team"},{"id":"5118610","text":"to take Bart's idea to heart. The episode then jumps 1,000 years into the future, when Bart is believed to be the last Prophet of God. In this age, mankind is waging war over whether Bart's teachings were about love and tolerance, or understanding and peace (and whether he was betrayed by his minion Milhouse and ripped apart by snowmobiles until he died). Unable to come to an agreement, one side cries Bart's catchphrase \"Eat my shorts\", the other cries \"Cowabunga\" and both sides engage in a bloody battle. Robert Canning, Eric Goldman, Dan Iverson, and Brain Zormski of IGN","title":"The Father, the Son, and the Holy Guest Star"},{"id":"4380844","text":"plan. \"You may find this hard to believe, but in my salad days, my crowning glory was a bright shock of strawberry blonde curls.\" Mr. Burns goes on to say that he can empathise with Homer's experience with male pattern baldness. In a season 3 episode of \"Red vs. Blue\" a zealot delivers a diatribe for his team's lost flag, claiming that the \"days of salad and glory\" are over. The 1996 film \"Independence Day\" contains the line \"Are the salad days over for President Whitmore?\" Episode 33 of the television series \"Monty Python's Flying Circus\" is called \"Salad Days\",","title":"Salad days"},{"id":"3652801","text":"must himself be free,\" Johnson replied, \"Who drives fat oxen must himself be fat.\" Although Johnson was objecting to the misuse and overuse of \"freedom\" and was at that time in a vexatious debate over the United States War of Independence (saying, \"Why is it that we hear the loudest cries for liberty from the drivers of Negroes?\"), Brooke was mortified by Johnson's parody and changed the line for his \"Collected Works\". Brooke had a difficult life and made a very poor living. The Licensing Act robbed him of his primary avenue to making a living, for, after the Act,","title":"Henry Brooke (writer)"},{"id":"2860300","text":"the key labels in the British post-punk movement. Following several releases, Watts-Russell developed the idea of collaborating under the name This Mortal Coil. The name is taken from the Monty Python's Flying Circus \"Dead Parrot sketch\", which in turn is a quote from Shakespeare's \"Hamlet\" (\"... what dreams may come, when we have shuffled off this mortal coil...\"). Quoting the 4AD website: One of the label's earliest signings was Modern English. In 1983, Watts-Russell suggested that the band re-record two of its earliest songs, \"Sixteen Days\" and \"Gathering Dust\", as a medley. At the time, the band was closing its","title":"This Mortal Coil"},{"id":"19699627","text":"into his reality to serve as mind-controlled hitmen, in order to prevent Usagi from ever reaching the Temple of the Sky Buddha. A flashback (prequel) shows how Splinter and the four Turtles, as babies, found their underground lair while being pursued by the Kraang. Splinter realizes he has been given a second chance at fatherhood, and names the infant Turtles after his favorite Italian artists of the Renaissance. In an alternate post-apocalyptic future (set half a century later), humanity and most of mutantkind (the Mighty Mutanimals, April O'Neil- who was somehow unable to shield herself from the blast with her","title":"Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (2012 TV series) (season 5)"},{"id":"11133290","text":"the state police academy are automatically promoted to Trooper. The title of address is \"Trooper\". Is a rank commonly used in the western United States associated with the duties of a Game Warden. Currently this title is used in the states of Oregon and Alaska. Early Australian police forces had officers termed troopers, typically mounted police. For example, the classic Australian folk song Waltzing Matilda contains the line \"\"Down came the troopers, one, two, three,\"\" referring to three mounted police who had come to arrest the swagman. The term is no longer in current usage in Australia. Trooper (police rank)","title":"Trooper (police rank)"},{"id":"7087409","text":"animals, \"Ronin\", and \"Daredevil\", which featured ninja clans dueling for control of the New York City underworld. The Turtles' origin contained direct allusions to \"Daredevil\": the traffic accident between a blind man and a truck carrying radioactive ooze, a reference to Daredevil's own story, (indeed in the version told in the first issue, Splinter sees the canister strike a boy's face). The name \"Splinter\" also parodied Daredevil's mentor, a man known as \"Stick.\" The Foot, a clan of evil ninjas who became the Turtles' arch-enemies, likens to the Hand, who were a mysterious and deadly ninja clan in the pages","title":"Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (Mirage Studios)"},{"id":"13382943","text":"1490s in poetry Nationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature (for instance, Irish or France). 1491: 1492: 1493: 1494: 1495: 1496: 1497: 1498: 1499: Death years link to the corresponding \"[year] in poetry\" article. There are conflicting or unreliable sources for the birth years of many people born in this period; where sources conflict, the poet is listed again and the conflict is noted: 1490: 1491: 1492: 1493: 1494: 1495: 1496: 1497: 1498: 1499: Birth years link to the corresponding \"[year] in poetry\" article: 1490: 1491: 1492: 1493: 1494: 1495: 1496: 1497: 1498: 1499:","title":"1490s in poetry"},{"id":"495661","text":"a 1943 letter from Yamamoto to the Admiralty in Tokyo containing the quotation. However, Forrester cannot produce the letter, nor can anyone else, American or Japanese, recall it or find it. Randall Wallace, the screenwriter of the 2001 film \"Pearl Harbor\", readily admitted that he copied the line from \"Tora! Tora! Tora!\" Regardless of the provenance of the quote, Yamamoto believed that Japan could not win a protracted war with the US. Moreover, he seems later to have believed that the Pearl Harbor attack had been a blunder—even though he was the person who came up with the idea of","title":"Isoroku Yamamoto's sleeping giant quote"},{"id":"15249973","text":"and a small group of friends, pretended to be the Prince of Abyssinia and his entourage. They obtained permission to visit one of the world's most powerful warships HMS \"Dreadnought\" in Weymouth, Dorset, in what became known as the \"Dreadnought\" hoax. It was reported that each time the Commander showed them a marvel of the ship, they murmured the phrase \"bunga, bunga!\" which then became a popular catchphrase of the time. Adrian Stephen, had this to say about the phrase: A 1950 Bugs Bunny short \"Bushy Hare\" used the phrase \"Unga Bunga Bunga\" in a nonsensical exchange between Bugs Bunny","title":"Bunga bunga"},{"id":"13382944","text":"Other events: 16th century: 1490s in poetry Nationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature (for instance, Irish or France). 1491: 1492: 1493: 1494: 1495: 1496: 1497: 1498: 1499: Death years link to the corresponding \"[year] in poetry\" article. There are conflicting or unreliable sources for the birth years of many people born in this period; where sources conflict, the poet is listed again and the conflict is noted: 1490: 1491: 1492: 1493: 1494: 1495: 1496: 1497: 1498: 1499: Birth years link to the corresponding \"[year] in poetry\" article: 1490: 1491: 1492: 1493: 1494: 1495:","title":"1490s in poetry"},{"id":"250862","text":"performers collaborated with their stunts to perform a combined set of acts. Differing, somewhat confusing accounts are given of the origins of the Python name, although the members agree that its only \"significance\" was that they thought it sounded funny. In the 1998 documentary \"Live at Aspen\" during the US Comedy Arts Festival, where the troupe was awarded the AFI Star Award by the American Film Institute, the group implied that \"Monty\" was selected (Eric Idle's idea) as a gently mocking tribute to Field Marshal Lord Montgomery, a legendary British general of World War II; requiring a \"slippery-sounding\" surname, they","title":"Monty Python"},{"id":"250861","text":"were to discover she had her own TV show. \"Baron Von Took's Flying Circus\" was considered as an affectionate tribute to Barry Took, the man who had brought them together. \"Arthur Megapode's Flying Circus\" was suggested, then discarded. The name \"Baron Von Took's Flying Circus\" had the form of \"Baron Manfred von Richthofen's Flying Circus\" of WWI fame, and the new group was forming in a time when the Royal Guardsmen's 1966 song \"Snoopy vs. the Red Baron\" had peaked. The term 'flying circus' was also another name for the popular entertainment of the 1920s known as barnstorming, where multiple","title":"Monty Python"},{"id":"11247125","text":"away hidden in large haystacks. Filming for \"Sock-a-Bye Baby\" commenced between April 28 and May 1, 1942. The film title is a parody of the lullaby \"Rock-a-bye Baby\", likely shared by the similarly-named Popeye cartoon \"Sock-a-Bye, Baby\" from 1934. This short is one of the rare few that contains explicit racial humor. Specifically, after Curly begins singing a song about Japanese people, he catches himself and says \"What am I sayin'? [spits Pew!] on the Japanese.\" The U.S. was at war with Japan during World War II at the time and jingoism was a presence in the media. While washing","title":"Sock-a-Bye Baby"},{"id":"6444922","text":"\"What are we going to do to those Horned Frogs?\" Using a term for frog hunting already used by the student body, he answered his own question, \"Gig 'em, Aggies!\" and made a fist with the thumb extended. The hand signal proved popular, and it became the first hand sign of the Southwest Conference. Gig 'em is also the name of one of the school yells, which is used during football kickoffs. The university's traditions council recognizes another possible origin for the expression. The word \"gig\" is used in the US Army to indicate an infraction of the uniform code,","title":"Traditions of Texas A&M University"},{"id":"19834740","text":"where Michelangelo has had fun with a thief (thereby quoting Batman's line \"I am vengeance, I am the night\" from the \"Nothing to Fear\"), Donatello is alerted by a scanning program on his computer telling him that the Kraang have activated another dimensional portal in the sewers. The Turtles and April follow the energy reading to its source and discover an active portal, just before they are ambushed by Clayface. When Michelangelo gives him the insulting nickname \"Mudbutt\", Clayface concentrates his attacks on the young Turtle, inadvertently moving back in front of the portal in the process. By opening a","title":"Batman/Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles Adventures"},{"id":"19217303","text":"Texas (to draw a larger following) in 2010, adding vocalists John Ritter and Michael Swank and adopted a metalcore sound. Two years later, the group performed at South by So What?! music festival in Grand Prairie, Texas. The band was named after a phrase used in video game Call of Duty, in which a voice shouts \"Sniper, Relocate\". The band decided to change the pronunciation of the first word to \"\", but decided to spell the word as \"Myka\". In early 2013, Albarado and the group parted ways, with Aaron Robertson taking over on percussion. In July of that year,","title":"Myka Relocate"},{"id":"19115563","text":"commercial networks' announcements come shortly after the networks have had a chance to buy Canadian rights to new American series. Returning series: New series: Not returning from 2014–15:\" Returning series: New series: Not returning from 2014–15:\" Returning series: New series: Not returning from 2014–15:\" Returning series: New series: Not returning from 2014–15:\" Returning series: New series: Not returning from 2014–15:\" Returning series: New series: Not returning from 2014–15:\" Returning series: New series: Not returning from 2014–15:\" Returning series: New series: Not returning from 2014–15:\" 2015–16 Canadian network television schedule The 2015–16 network television schedules for the five major English commercial","title":"2015–16 Canadian network television schedule"},{"id":"9914292","text":"The Music department also relocated to the area vacated by the biology department. The whole project was completed in 2013 and cost £5 million. The school was named after St Crispin, the patron saint of cobblers, tanners and leather workers. The choice of name was perhaps inspired by the famous St Crispin's Day speech from Shakespeare's \"Henry V\", a rousing battle cry from the king before the Battle of Agincourt which was fought on 25 October 1415 (St Crispin's Day). St Crispin's was officially opened on 14 October 1953 by the Right Honourable Florence Horsbrugh, the then Minister of Education.","title":"St Crispin's School"},{"id":"4508125","text":"as a hermit in its sewers and befriends the rats. One day, he comes across four baby turtles which were accidentally dropped by a boy through a sewer grate. Splinter keeps them as pets and treats them like his children. When he finds the turtles near some broken barrels that are oozing glowing pink (later retconned to green) chemical liquid, he tries to clean them with his bare hands. As a result, they are all affected by the leaking chemical, which is a mutagen. The mutagen combines the DNA of living beings who have been in contact. Thus, the turtles,","title":"Splinter (Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles)"},{"id":"1371270","text":"\"Scrooge\" is used in English as a word for a person who is miserly and tight-fisted, in spite of the fact that Ebenezer Scrooge later reformed. The character is most often noted for exclaiming \"Bah! Humbug!\" despite uttering this phrase only twice in the entire story. He uses the word \"Humbug\" on its own on seven occasions, although on the seventh we are told he \"stopped at the first syllable\" after realizing Marley's ghost is real. The word is never used again after that in the book. A species of snail is named \"Ba humbugi\" after Scrooge's catchphrase. Ebenezer Scrooge","title":"Ebenezer Scrooge"},{"id":"8836208","text":"court created the opportunity for Henry Tudor to seize power. As with previous episodes of \"The Black Adder\", the end credits of \"The Black Seal\" include an acknowledgement of \"additional dialogue by William Shakespeare\". In this episode, overt Shakespearian reference is limited to Edmund's rousing address to his gang of mercenaries, in which he declares \"\"We few, we happy few, we band of ruthless bastards!\"\" – words adapted from Henry V's St Crispin's Day Speech before the Battle of Agincourt (\"Henry V\", Act 4, Scene III). \"The Black Adder\" series has been noted for blurring the boundaries between traditional situation","title":"The Black Seal"},{"id":"6949717","text":"Führer’s hand. I kiss right in 'der Führer’s face!'\" (the joke being a popular near-contemporary song with this title composed by Oliver Wallace and the subject of a Disney animated short in 1943). Afterwards, Göring exclaims \"Oh, I’m a bad \"flooten-boy-glooten\"!\", a variant on Warner Bros. cartoons' frequently-cited Lou Costello-type catchphrase: \"I'm a bad boy!\". Later, when the jig is up, Bugs rides in on a white horse, dressed as Brünhilde—from Wagnerian opera, to the tune of the \"Pilgrims’ Chorus\" from \"Tannhäuser\"). Entranced, Göring responds by dressing up as Siegfried. The two dance, before Bugs once again makes a fool","title":"Herr Meets Hare"},{"id":"13506389","text":"ace known as The Red Baron, commanded the Jagdgeschwader 1 squadron of planes known as \"The Flying Circus.\" The words \"Monty Python\" were added because they claimed it sounded like a really bad theatrical agent, the sort of person who would have brought them together, with John Cleese suggesting \"Python\" as something slimy and slithery, and Eric Idle suggesting \"Monty\". They later explained that the name Monty \"...made us laugh because Monty to us means Lord Montgomery, our great general of the Second World War\". The BBC had rejected some other names put forward by the group including \"Whither Canada?\",","title":"Monty Python's Flying Circus"},{"id":"728340","text":"to General Makabe. Lucas and artist Ralph McQuarrie also drew inspiration from the robots Huey, Dewey, and Louie from Douglas Trumbull's 1972 film \"Silent Running\". The name derives from when Lucas was making one of his earlier films, \"American Graffiti\". Sound editor Walter Murch states that he is responsible for the utterance which sparked the name for the droid. Murch asked for Reel 2, Dialog Track 2, in the abbreviated form \"R-2-D-2\". Lucas, who was in the room and had dozed off while working on the script for \"Star Wars\", momentarily woke when he heard the request and, after asking","title":"R2-D2"},{"id":"544179","text":"\"Pizza Power!\" The Turtles' live shows and appearances ceased production in 1996. Although the TMNT had originated as something of a parody, the comic's explosive success led to a wave of small-press, black and white comic parodies of \"TMNT\" itself, including \"Adolescent Radioactive Black Belt Hamsters\", \"Pre-Teen Dirty-Gene Kung-Fu Kangaroos\", and a host of others. Dark Horse Comics' \"Boris the Bear\" was launched in response to these TMNT clones; its first issue was titled \"Boris the Bear Slaughters the Teenage Radioactive Black Belt Mutant Ninja Critters\". Once the Turtles broke into the mainstream, parodies also proliferated in other media, such","title":"Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles"},{"id":"17792434","text":"Timeline of women's education This is a timeline of women's education. 1237 1239 1608 1636 1639 1644 1674 1678 1685 1727 1732 1742 1751 1783 1786 1787 1788 1803 1818 1822 1823 1826 1827 1829 1831 1834 1834 1837 1839 1841 1842 1843 1844 1847 1849 1850 1851 1852 1853 1854 1855 1857 1858 1859 1860 1861 1862 1863 1864 1865 1866 1866 1867 1868 1869 1870: 1871 1872: 1873: 1874: 1875: 1876: 1877: 1878: 1878: 1879: 1880: 1881: 1882: 1883: 1885: 1886: 1887: 1889: 1890: 1891: 1892: 1893: 1894: 1895: 1896: 1898: 1900: 1901: 1902: 1903: 1904: 1905: 1906:","title":"Timeline of women's education"},{"id":"1686976","text":"crickets, which are black or dark brown, with very long antennae and he dresses like a gentleman from the 19th century. Since his debut in \"Pinocchio\", he has become a recurring iconic Disney character and has made numerous other appearances. The character's name is a play on the exclamation \"Jiminy Cricket!\", a minced oath for \"Jesus Christ\" – which itself was uttered in \"Pinocchio\"s immediate Disney predecessor, 1937's \"Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs\" by the seven dwarfs themselves. Another example occurs in the 1939 film \"The Wizard of Oz\", wherein Dorothy (Judy Garland) cries, \"Oh! Oh! Jiminy Crickets!\" when","title":"Jiminy Cricket"},{"id":"7875245","text":"This was due to the vast changes that the program underwent during the German dubbing process, that under Brandt's supervision transformed the show into a much more comedy-oriented spy persiflage contrasting the more subdued, mild humour of the English language original. A quite astounding example of \"Schnoddersynchron\" has been performed with Monty Python's \"Die Ritter der Kokosnuss\" (that is, \"Monty Python and the Holy Grail\") where the initial dialogue contains phrases such as: \"Heda! Wer reitet so spät durch Nacht und Wind?\" (\"Hey there! Who rides so late through night and wind?\", an obvious reference to Goethe's poem \"Der Erlkönig\"),","title":"German humour"},{"id":"5820142","text":"for WTTG-TV in Washington, D.C., from 1991 to 1992. Gus also had a small cameo, as an announcer, in the 1998 film \"He Got Game\". Johnson is known primarily for his enthusiasm and excitement that he shares with the game. He often uses signature phrases \"Hurt My Feelings!\", \"Oh my goodness!\", \"Rise and fire... Count it!\", \"Here comes the pain!\", \"He's got 'get away from the cops' speed!\", \"From the parking lot!\", \"And the Runner...Bang!\", \"Pure!\", \"BAM!\", \"Hot Sauce!\", \"Cold-Blooded!\", \"What a game!\", and \"HA-HAAA\". Johnson called numerous sports for CBS Sports, with his most recognized role as a play-by-play","title":"Gus Johnson (sportscaster)"},{"id":"5735313","text":"Gay, a Boeing B-29 Superfortress piloted by Colonel Paul Tibbets, dropped an atomic bomb (code-named Little Boy by the U.S.) on the city of Hiroshima in southwest Honshū. Throughout the day, confused reports reached Tokyo that Hiroshima had been the target of an air raid, which had leveled the city with a \"blinding flash and violent blast\". Later that day, they received U.S. President Truman's broadcast announcing the first use of an atomic bomb, and promising: The Japanese Army and Navy had their own independent atomic-bomb programs and therefore the Japanese understood enough to know how very difficult building it","title":"Surrender of Japan"},{"id":"3236944","text":"Irish Brigade (Union Army) The Irish Brigade was an infantry brigade, consisting predominantly of Irish Americans, that served in the Union Army in the American Civil War. The designation of the first regiment in the brigade, the 69th New York Infantry, or the \"Fighting 69th\", continued in later wars. The Irish Brigade was known in part for its famous war cry, the \"Faugh a Ballaugh\", which is an anglicization of the Irish phrase, \"fág an bealach\", meaning \"clear the way\". According to Fox's \"Regimental Losses\", of all Union army brigades, only the 1st Vermont Brigade and Iron Brigade suffered more","title":"Irish Brigade (Union Army)"},{"id":"16287006","text":"from Dimension X in the form of the Triceraton Empire. Despite their best efforts and Shredder violating the Foot Clan's temporary truce with the Turtles by stabbing Splinter during the fight, the ruthless Triceratons activate the Heart of Darkness, a black hole-creating machine which annihilates both the Kraang, the Earth, and everyone on it. But just as it comes to the worst for the Turtles, April, and Casey, they are rescued by a friendly robot by the name of Professor Honeycutt (also known as the Fugitoid) who uses his spacecraft to take the Turtles, April and Casey to a journey","title":"Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (2012 TV series)"},{"id":"5651086","text":"types are Asian, and the film plays the yellow-peril aspects of this to the hilt.\" Newman noted a racist joke in April O'Neil's response to the Foot Clan, \"What's the matter, did I fall behind on my Sony payments?\", finding that the film expressed a \"resentment of Japan's economic strength even while the film is plundering Japan's popular culture.\" Ebert felt there was \"no racism\" in the film. On Rotten Tomatoes the film has a 40% rating based on reviews from 50 critics. The website's consensus states \"Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles is exactly as advertised: one-liners, brawls, and general silliness.","title":"Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (1990 film)"},{"id":"15832391","text":"John Besmehn John Charles Besmehn (born 1964) from San Jose, California, is a writer, director, and producer of animated and live action shows, and a developer of toys and entertainment properties. He co-developed the toy line for \"Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles\", a multibillion-dollar comic book, animated television series and movie franchise, originally conceived by the comic book team, Kevin Eastman and Peter Laird. He co-created the toy and animation property, B.C. Bikers, about a rogue band of \"chrome age\" dinosaurs who ride motorcycles through an apocalyptic past. Besmehn has also conceived, designed and written for such eclectic kid-fare as the","title":"John Besmehn"},{"id":"4542225","text":"Comics comic book based on the animated show instead of the original black-and-white comics was published throughout the late 1980s and early 1990s. Action figures were top-sellers around the world. By 1990, the cartoon series was being shown daily on more than 125 television stations, and the comic books sold 125,000 copies a month. The origins story in the 1987 television series deviates significantly from the original Mirage Studios comics. In this version, Splinter was formerly human, an honorable ninja master named Hamato Yoshi who studied art history as a hobby. He was banished from the Foot Clan (a Japanese","title":"Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (1987 TV series)"},{"id":"12589501","text":"by Paramount Pictures and Nickelodeon Movies, released on August 8, 2014. The was released on June 3, 2016. The first film, \"Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles\", closely follows the storyline from the Mirage comic books, in addition to some of the more lighthearted elements of the cartoons. The film tells the origin story of Splinter and the Turtles, their initial encounters with April O'Neil (Judith Hoag) and Casey Jones (Elias Koteas), and their first confrontation with The Shredder and his Foot Clan. Directed by Steve Barron and released by New Line Cinema, the film showcases the innovative puppetry techniques of Jim","title":"Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (film series)"},{"id":"9065752","text":"of this usage is unknown, although it is hypothesized to have originated with certain Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles action figures, for example, \"Football Player! Leonardo\", \"Rockstar! Raphael\", and \"Breakdancer! Michelangelo\". Some comic books, especially superhero comics of the mid-20th century, routinely use the exclamation point instead of the period, which means the character has just realized something; unlike when the question mark appears instead, which means the character is confused, surprised or they do not know what is happening. This tends to lead to exaggerated speech, in line with the other hyperboles common in comic books. A portion of the","title":"Exclamation mark"},{"id":"10658582","text":"December 25, 1942 and closing January 2, 1943 after 11 performances. The title comes from a famous line in Shakespeare's \"Julius Caesar\": \"Cry 'Havoc!', and let slip the dogs of war.\" This film features a very early appearance by Robert Mitchum, who is briefly seen as a dying soldier. It also marks the final performance by Diana Lewis, who retired following her marriage to William Powell. \"This is the story of thirteen women. Only two of them — Captain Alice Marsh and Lieutenant Mary Smith — were members of the armed forces of the United States. The others were civilians","title":"Cry 'Havoc' (film)"},{"id":"16286999","text":"friend Casey Jones, who helps repel an assault on the turtles' lair. Kirby is eventually restored to his human form when Donatello manages to concoct another Kraang chemical called retro-mutagen, which causes organic beings to reverse their major physical transformations, and help keep it away from former T.C.R.I inventor Baxter Stockman, who gets mutated into Stockman-Fly while under Shredder's employ. Meanwhile, Shredder returns from Japan with the mutated Japanese bounty hunter Tiger Claw as his new second-in-command. Tiger Claw is later sent through a portal to the 1987–1996 animated series reality, but later returns to the 2012 reality. During a","title":"Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (2012 TV series)"},{"id":"4542358","text":"the great grandson of April and Casey. Cody runs a successful and influential technology company and is its sole heir. The newly formatted show saw a brighter tone than its predecessor, and focused on shorter story lines. Some of the previous shows characters did return, however, including Bishop and Baxter Stockman. Instead of a Shredder, Sho'Kanabo, from an extraterrestrial species of parasites, was constantly trying to infect Earth. He eventually is fried by sunlight. Another great change was that though Bishop was still continuing to cheat death, he was now head of a benevolent organization that ensured peace throughout the","title":"Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (2003 TV series)"},{"id":"7186591","text":"Unbirthday An unbirthday (originally written un-birthday) is an event that is typically celebrated on any or all of the 364 (365 on leap years) days in which it is not the person's birthday. It is a neologism coined by Lewis Carroll in his \"Through the Looking-Glass\", giving rise to \"The Unbirthday Song\" in the 1951 Disney animated feature film \"Alice in Wonderland\". One's unbirthday should not be confused with one's half-birthday, which only occurs once a year. In \"Through the Looking-Glass\", Humpty Dumpty is wearing a cravat (which Alice at first mistakes for a belt) which he says was given","title":"Unbirthday"},{"id":"121755","text":"Sylvia Plath made mention of it in her semi-autobiographical novel \"The Bell Jar\", when the protagonist was reading \"Finnegans Wake\". \"Supercalifragilisticexpialidocious\", the 34-letter title of a song from the movie \"Mary Poppins\", does appear in several dictionaries, but only as a proper noun defined in reference to the song title. The attributed meaning is \"a word that you say when you don't know what to say.\" The idea and invention of the word is credited to songwriters Robert and Richard Sherman. The English language permits the legitimate extension of existing words to serve new purposes by the addition of prefixes","title":"Longest word in English"},{"id":"6612908","text":"Ninja Turtles: The Next Mutation Ninja Turtles: The Next Mutation is an American live-action television series produced by Saban Entertainment, which ran on the Fox Kids network from 1997 to 1998 based on the fictional superhero team. As of August 24, 2018, the series is distributed by Hasbro Studios and the characters are owned by Viacom. The series introduced many new elements to the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles, including a female mutant turtle called Venus (named after the famous statue) and new central antagonists, an army of humanoid dragons known as \"The Rank\" led by the vicious Dragonlord. The series","title":"Ninja Turtles: The Next Mutation"},{"id":"10964163","text":"and U.S. Army. Geronimo (exclamation) Geronimo is a US Army airborne exclamation occasionally used by jumping skydivers or, more generally, anyone about to jump from a great height, or as a general exclamation of exhilaration. The cry originated in the United States. At least two different explanations place the origins of the exclamation in Fort Benning, Georgia, where some of the first of the US Army's parachute jumps occurred in the 1940s. According to paratrooper Gerard Devlin, this exclamation dates from August 1940 and is attributed to Private Aubrey Eberhardt, member of parachute test platoon at Fort Benning. The parachute","title":"Geronimo (exclamation)"},{"id":"449803","text":"advise the new president, Harry S. Truman, on nuclear weapons. It advised that the atomic bomb should be used against an industrial target in Japan as soon as possible and without warning. Bush was present at the Alamogordo Bombing and Gunnery Range on July 16, 1945, for the Trinity nuclear test, the first detonation of an atomic bomb. Afterwards, he took his hat off to Oppenheimer in tribute. Before the end of the Second World War, Bush and Conant had foreseen and sought to avoid a possible nuclear arms race. Bush proposed international scientific openness and information sharing as a","title":"Vannevar Bush"},{"id":"3719651","text":"canopy was dead, and prospects for the tree's survival were not favorable. The other tree fronting College Street, while not damaged by the fire, had failed to become properly established. In February 2017, two 30-foot-tall live oaks were planted to replace the two previous failing trees. There are many stories surrounding the origins of Auburn's battle cry, \"War Eagle.\" The most popular account involves the first Auburn football game in 1892 between Auburn and the University of Georgia. According to the story, in the stands that day was an old Civil War soldier with an eagle that he had found","title":"Auburn Tigers"},{"id":"11035312","text":"that \"they are part of the Rebel Alliance and a traitor! Take 'em away!\" This is a reference to a line spoken by Darth Vader to Princess Leia in the movie \"Star Wars\". The party Peter is invited to is the celebration of Cinco de Mayo. The scene in which Peter is hired as a babysitter of two children is a reference to the film \"Mary Poppins\". When taking the immigration test, Peter is asked who founded America to which he replies \"Dick York\" but then quickly changes his answer to \"Dick Sargent\". This is a reference to the two","title":"Padre de Familia"},{"id":"473898","text":"announced its surrender to the Allied Powers on August 15, 1945, signing the Instrument of Surrender on September 2, 1945, officially ending the Pacific War and, therefore, World War II, as Germany had already signed its Instrument of Surrender on May 8, 1945, ending the war in Europe. The two atomic bombings led, in part, to post-war Japan's adopting of the Three Non-Nuclear Principles, which forbade the nation from developing nuclear armaments. After the successful Trinity nuclear test July 16, 1945, which was the very first nuclear detonation, the Manhattan project lead manager J. Robert Oppenheimer recalled: Immediately after the","title":"Nuclear warfare"},{"id":"5651073","text":"by the Foot that the Shredder has been brainwashing them to do his dirty work. Realizing this, they all resign from the Foot. The turtles engage the Foot in battle, but the Shredder defeats them. As the Shredder prepares to kill Leonardo, Splinter appears and challenges him to a fight. Splinter names Shredder as Oroku Saki; Saki removes his mask and touches his scar, remembering how Splinter gave it to him. He charges Splinter, who ensnares the Shredder's yari with Michelangelo's nunchaku, leaving him dangling over the roof's edge. Shredder throws a knife from his belt, but when Splinter reaches","title":"Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (1990 film)"},{"id":"1670585","text":"Atomic Age The Atomic Age, also known as the Atomic Era, is the period of history following the detonation of the first nuclear (\"atomic\") bomb, \"Trinity\", on July 16, 1945, during World War II. Although nuclear chain reactions had been hypothesized in 1933 and the first artificial self-sustaining nuclear chain reaction (Chicago Pile-1) had taken place in December 1942, the Trinity test and the ensuing bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki that ended World War II represented the first large-scale use of nuclear technology and ushered in profound changes in sociopolitical thinking and the course of technology development. While atomic power","title":"Atomic Age"},{"id":"19015407","text":"possibly also \"wannabe Japanese\") first emerged in 2002 as a term used to describe a white person who is obsessed with Japanese culture, which includes anime and manga. The term weeaboo came from a comic strip created by Nicholas Gurewitch in which the term had no meaning other than it was something unpleasant. According to an unpublished MA thesis, 4chan quickly picked up the word, and applied it in an abusive way in place of the already existing wapanese term. It is debatable whether weeaboo has the same meaning as the Japanese term \"otaku\" (people with obsessive interests) as weeaboo","title":"Japanophile"},{"id":"3457112","text":"of some tracks recorded at Random Falls, a recording studio in New York. The album's title is an homage to former drummer Gary Young, who would frequently yell \"Wowee zowee!\" when excited. The phrase also notably dates to Frank Zappa and The Mothers of Invention's 1966 album \"Freak Out!\", which also displayed the album title in a cartoon speech balloon and featured a track titled \"Wowie Zowie\". \"Dick-Sucking Fool at Pussy-Licking School\" (conceived by Bob Nastanovich) was briefly considered as a potential album title, but discarded after being considered too risque by the rest of the band. Nevertheless, the phrase","title":"Wowee Zowee"},{"id":"8280722","text":"Faugh A Ballagh Faugh a Ballagh ( ; also written Faugh an Beallach) is a battle cry of Irish origin, meaning \"clear the way\". The spelling is an 18th-century anglicization of the Irish language phrase Fág an Bealach , also written \"Fág a' Bealach\". Its first recorded use as a regimental motto was by the 87th (Prince of Wales's Irish) Regiment of Foot (who later became the Royal Irish Fusiliers) in 1798. It remains the motto of the Royal Irish Regiment today. It was adopted due to the blood curdling battle-cry of Sergeant Patrick Masterson as he tore into the","title":"Faugh A Ballagh"},{"id":"5095799","text":"of a press conference announcing the return of FMW. He served as the executive producer of the promotion. Ezaki was considered to be one of the greatest professional wrestlers in the history of professional wrestling and one of the pioneers of high-flying and junior heavyweight wrestling in Japan. He was the innovator of \"Falcon Arrow\" and \"Phoenix Splash\" and also popularized the \"Firebird Splash\", which would become famous in North America as the 450° splash. He was the most popular and greatest star in the history of Frontier Martial-Arts Wrestling, where he spent the entirety of his career. Due to","title":"Hayabusa (wrestler)"},{"id":"10964157","text":"Geronimo (exclamation) Geronimo is a US Army airborne exclamation occasionally used by jumping skydivers or, more generally, anyone about to jump from a great height, or as a general exclamation of exhilaration. The cry originated in the United States. At least two different explanations place the origins of the exclamation in Fort Benning, Georgia, where some of the first of the US Army's parachute jumps occurred in the 1940s. According to paratrooper Gerard Devlin, this exclamation dates from August 1940 and is attributed to Private Aubrey Eberhardt, member of parachute test platoon at Fort Benning. The parachute had only recently","title":"Geronimo (exclamation)"},{"id":"4047486","text":"Joseph Barbera directed the \"Tom and Jerry\" cartoons for the MGM cartoon studio before opening Hanna-Barbera Productions in 1957.) Snagglepuss has three signature catchphrases. His most famous is his perpetual exclamation, \"Heavens to Murgatroyd!\" – a line first uttered by Bert Lahr in the film \"Meet the People\" (1944). Before dashing off (whether to escape or for some other reason), he exclaims \"Exit, stage left!\" (or stage right, and sometimes even up or down), a phrase used in theatrical stage directions. Finally, Snagglepuss tends to add the word \"even\" to the end of his statements. This is done in a","title":"Snagglepuss"},{"id":"2602834","text":"after D-Day and the invasion of Southern France. Due to the Brazilian dictatorship's unwillingness to get more deeply involved in the Allied war effort, by early 1943 a popular saying was: \"It's more likely for a snake to smoke a pipe, than for the FEB to go the front and fight.\" (\"\"Mais fácil uma cobra fumar um cachimbo, do que a FEB embarcar para o combate.\"\"). Before the FEB entered combat, the expression \"a cobra vai fumar\" (\"the snake will smoke\") was often used in Brazil in a context similar to \"when pigs fly\". As a result, the soldiers of","title":"Brazilian Expeditionary Force"},{"id":"4170071","text":"of Angels\" by Thirty Seconds to Mars. White has had the longstanding nickname \"The Flying Tomato\", due to his shock of red hair. In 2006, \"Rolling Stone\" wrote about the nickname, saying, \"he used to embrace it, even wearing headbands with a flying-tomato logo, but he has grown tired of it.\" He has also been nicknamed \"animal\", a reference to a character from \"The Muppet Show\". In February 2009, Red Bull built White a halfpipe completely out of natural snow in the back country of Colorado on the backside of Silverton Mountain, coordinates (37.838801,-107.710299). On September 17, 2012, White was","title":"Shaun White"},{"id":"16286994","text":"of Manhattan when he encounters members of an alien race called the Kraang. During an altercation with these aliens, Yoshi and the turtles are exposed to the Kraang's chemical, called mutagen, which causes organic beings to undergo major physical transformations. Yoshi takes on characteristics of a brown rat and the turtles take on human characteristics. Yoshi retreats to the New York City sewers where he raises the four turtles as his sons and imparts to them his knowledge of ninjutsu. Now teenagers, the turtles (Leonardo, Raphael, Donatello and Michelangelo) venture to the surface for the first time and learn that","title":"Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (2012 TV series)"},{"id":"12589502","text":"Henson's Creature Shop. The first sequel, titled \"\", expands on the Turtles' origin story while claiming the distinction as Vanilla Ice's film debut. The film was dedicated to puppeteer Jim Henson. It also introduced the Turtles' human friend Keno (Ernie Reyes Jr.) and Shredder's mutant henchmen Tokka and Rahzar. This film was internationally released by 20th Century Fox. The third film in the series, \"Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles III\", features Elias Koteas reprising his role as Casey Jones. The plot revolves around the \"Sacred Sands of Time\", a mystical scepter which transports the Turtles and April back in time to","title":"Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (film series)"},{"id":"6463472","text":"Hooah Hooah is a battle cry used by soldiers in the U.S. Army and airmen in the U.S. Air Force. Originally spelled \"Hough\", the battle cry was first used by members of the 2nd Cavalry Regiment during the Second Seminole War in 1841, after Seminole chief Coacoochee toasted officers of the regiment with a loud \"Hough!\", apparently a corruption of \"How d'ye do!\" Since WWII, the word has been widely used throughout the US Army and gained a more general meaning of \"anything and everything except 'no'. It is comparable to Oorah (Marines) in the United States Marine Corps, and","title":"Hooah"},{"id":"286990","text":"Great to Be Here' and creates one of the few anti-Gulf War protest songs of the era, transforming [ U.S. President George H. W. ] Bush's speech into a pop hook ('Regrettably, we now believe/ That only force will make him leave') and interspersing quotes from Jello Biafra ('don't hate the media, become the media!') and Mario Savio's famous 1964 address to the Berkeley Free Speech Movement\". Between 1994 and 1997 Ninja explored and defined the instrumental hip hop beats sound further (often known as trip hop). Its pioneering influence on the genre became more prevalent with the label's first","title":"Ninja Tune"},{"id":"10001434","text":"Donald Duck allegedly shouts \"F**k you!\" yet in Clarence Nash's semi intelligible voice, he actually says \"Says who?\", which is made clear by the spring's reply - \"Says I!\" Additionally the Motion Picture Production Code, popularly known as the \"Hays Code,\" adopted in 1934, would never have allowed the language in the first place. Due to this controversy, when the cartoon was included on the \"Walt Disney Treasures\" DVD set \"Mickey Mouse in Living Color,\" Donald's line was redubbed as \"Awww, nuts!\", which was originally said in On Ice. However, the DVD release of \"Have a Laugh!, Volume 2\" contains","title":"Walt Disney Treasures: Wave One"},{"id":"13005989","text":"the Golden Claws\" when the Captain storms towards a party of Berber raiders yelling expressions like \"jellyfish\", \"troglodyte\" and \"ectoplasm\". This use of colourful insults proved successful and was a mainstay in subsequent books. Hergé started collecting these types of words for use in Haddock's outbursts, and on occasion even searched dictionaries to come up with inspiration. As a result, Captain Haddock's colourful insults began to include \"bashi-bazouk\", \"visigoths\", \"kleptomaniac\", \"sea gherkin\", \"anacoluthon\", \"pockmark\", \"nincompoop\", \"abominable snowman\", \"nitwits\", \"scoundrels\", \"steam rollers\", \"parasites\", \"vegetarians\", \"floundering oath\", \"carpet seller\", \"blundering Bazookas\", \"Popinjay\", \"bragger\", \"pinheads\", \"miserable slugs\", \"ectomorph\", \"maniacs\", \"pickled herring\"; \"freshwater swabs\",","title":"Captain Haddock"},{"id":"6892423","text":"line 270 of \"Julius Caesar\" (1599), by William Shakespeare: \"Cry, 'Havoc!', and let slip the dogs of war\". Forsyth draws upon his journalistic experiences in reporting the 1970 Biafran War between Biafra and Nigeria; though fictional, the African 'Republic of Zangaro', is based upon Equatorial Guinea, a former Spanish colony. The novel's dedication to five men named Giorgio, Christian, Schlee, Big Marc and Black Johnny and \"the others in the unmarked graves\" concludes: \"at least we tried\"—and clearly alludes to Forsyth's time in Biafra; the dark tone and cynical plot of the story stem from the same source. 1970: The","title":"The Dogs of War (novel)"},{"id":"8169376","text":"toward the dam and they explode and demolish it. Finally fed up with Bugs, Jacque fires his rifle into the waterfall not knowing Bugs is not there, thinking he has killed off his nemesis once and for all (\"So much for crazee seek rahbeet! Bah!\"). Nearby, Bugs - at his carrot garden - sees that his record player has been destroyed by Jacque's gunfire. Although mad at first, Bugs calmly declares his famous line: \"Of course you know, this means war.\" Later, a triumphant Jacque boasts about his new steel dam, but quickly finds out that \"his\" water supply has","title":"Wet Hare"},{"id":"544137","text":"three times before it found an audience. Once the product started selling, the show got syndicated and picked up and backed by Group W, which funded the next round of animation. The show then went network, on CBS. Accompanied by the popular \"Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles\" 1987 TV series, and the subsequent action figure line, \"Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles\" became a mainstream success. At the height of the frenzy, in the late 1980s and early 1990s, the Turtles' likenesses could be found on a wide range of children's merchandise, from Pez dispensers to skateboards, breakfast cereal, video games, school supplies,","title":"Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"id\": \"4954253\",\n \"text\": \"on The Magic Castle, a nightclub in the Hollywood district of Los Angeles, California. Marge's line \\\"I didn't say that for clapping\\\" is a reference to a speech given by John Wayne while he was intoxicated. Homer wants to buy a singing rubber fish after their first con. At the end of the episode, Bart exclaims “Cowabunga!”, a catch-phrase of the main characters in the animated television series \\\"Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles\\\". In the scene where Grampa joins Bart and Homer, Grampa mentions the film \\\"The Sting II\\\". In its original American broadcast on December 10, 2000, \\\"The Great Money\",\n \"title\": \"The Great Money Caper\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14852757\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Say Kids! What Time Is It?\\\", which chronicled the history of \\\"The Howdy Doody Show\\\", credited Kean with writing the show's theme song as the program's \\\"chief writer, philosopher and theoretician\\\". In his eight years with the show, he scripted \\\"almost every line spoken and every note sung\\\", created characters such as Clarabell the Clown and Princess Summerfall Winterspring, and conceived of Howdy Doody's 1948 run for President of the United States. Kean coined the word \\\"kawabonga\\\" as a greeting for the character Chief Thunderthud, which was later adopted by surfers as \\\"cowabunga\\\" and popularized by Snoopy, the Teenage Mutant\",\n \"title\": \"Edward Kean\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2837279\",\n \"text\": \"walking on a road and he made a speaking cameo along with the other turtles at the end of the episode when a space worm from the 2012 dimension started terrorizing the street. All four turtles see the worm and spring into action while shouting their famous catchphrase, 'Cowabunga'. Townsend Coleman reprised his role as Michelangelo for the cameo. This would mark the first time in over 28 years the 1987 TMNT cast would return to their roles. With exception of Rob Paulsen who returned to the TMNT franchise as Donatello in the 2012 series. The 1987 turtles also had\",\n \"title\": \"Michelangelo (Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2837275\",\n \"text\": \"is most associated with the \\\"Cowabunga\\\" expression that became a pop culture phenomenon. Michelangelo had a fondness for pizza, even beyond that of the other Turtles; in the Season 3 episode \\\"Cowabunga, Shredhead\\\", his pizza cravings annoyed the others so much that Splinter hypnotized him into refusing and denouncing pizza whenever the very word was mentioned, although the hypnosis was lifted at the end of the episode. He was essentially a provider of comic relief, alongside Raphael. Michelangelo began the series with his trademark nunchaku as his weapons, but controversy surrounding the weapons in the United Kingdom led to scenes\",\n \"title\": \"Michelangelo (Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2837185\",\n \"text\": \"of appearances in the 2012 series in the episode, The Manhattan Project. He and the other turtles along with Casey and April are seen through a portal by their 2012 counterparts walking on a road and he made a speaking cameo along with the other turtles at the end of the episode when a space worm from the 2012 dimension started terrorizing the street. All four turtles see the worm and spring into action while shouting their famous catchphrase, 'Cowabunga'. Cam Clarke reprised his role as Leonardo for the cameo. This would mark the first time in over 28 years\",\n \"title\": \"Leonardo (Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2837278\",\n \"text\": \"these anti-drug PSAs, Michelangelo suggests to a kid being tempted with marijuana that he should \\\"get a pizza\\\" to go with it, before the idea is shot down by Donatello. Michelangelo's trademark phrase in this series is the famous \\\"Cowabunga\\\". Michelangelo's voice actor was Townsend Coleman in the 1987 series' original English language version and Johnny Castro in the 25th anniversary movie \\\"Turtles Forever\\\". Michelangelo also made a couple of appearances in the 2012 series in the episode, The Manhattan Project. He and the other turtles along with Casey and April are seen through a portal by their 2012 counterparts\",\n \"title\": \"Michelangelo (Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2837261\",\n \"text\": \"audience, than in the more serious original comic books which were aimed at an older audience. He often coins most of their catchphrases, such as \\\"Cowabunga!\\\". Like all of the brothers, he is named after a Renaissance artist; in this case, he is named after Michelangelo Buonarroti. The spelling of the character's name varies from source to source, and he has been alternately shown as both Michelangelo and Michaelangelo. In these original comic books, Michelangelo was initially depicted as fun-loving, carefree, and, while not as aggressive as Raphael, always ready to fight. He is much more serious-natured in the comic\",\n \"title\": \"Michelangelo (Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2837229\",\n \"text\": \"2012 series in the episode, The Manhattan Project. He and the other turtles along with Casey and April are seen through a portal by their 2012 counterparts walking on a road and he made a speaking cameo along with the other turtles at the end of the episode when a space worm from the 2012 dimension started terrorizing the street. All four turtles see the worm and spring into action while shouting their famous catchphrase, 'Cowabunga'. This would be Rob Paulsen's second role in the 2012 series, the other being Donatello while he returned to his role as Raphael for\",\n \"title\": \"Raphael (Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2837300\",\n \"text\": \"asks if he can use it from time to time. In the episode \\\"Journey to the Center of Mikey's Mind\\\", he says \\\"Booyakabunga\\\" (a mixture of both Booyakasha and Cowabunga). Michelangelo also has an affinity for animals in this incarnation, as well as a fear of squirrels. Whilst he is more interested in comics and cartoon shows (such as Crognard the Barbarian and Super Robo Mecha Force Five) than animals, he adopted a cat April found on the street after the cat ate some mutagen Mikey had spilled ice cream in, resulting in the arable and delicious Ice Cream Kitty;\",\n \"title\": \"Michelangelo (Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2837299\",\n \"text\": \"Later in an episode, he says that Mikey has his \\\"challenges\\\" too. And even if Mikey can give his brothers grief, they will always care and love him and have his back. It is heavily implied that this version of Michelangelo has some form of ADHD. Unlike past incarnations, Mikey does not say his famous \\\"Cowabunga\\\" catchphrase, but instead says \\\"BOOYAKASHA!\\\" He usually does this when doing accomplishing something or attacking an enemy. In the episode \\\"Meet Mondo Gecko\\\" the character Jason (AKA Mondo Gecko) uses 'cowabunga' as his own catchphrase, and Michelangelo says it's \\\"too old school\\\" but later\",\n \"title\": \"Michelangelo (Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2837303\",\n \"text\": \"is 13 years old. Also an artist and awesome skateboarder with a wild colorful, and imaginative personality.\\\". This incarnation of Michelangelo lacks a surfer accent, and likes to refer to himself as the artist of the group. He possessed more childlike innocence/naiveness. He have also have a strong passion of cooking too. Michelangelo is depicted in the live-action movies as the easy-going, free-spirited turtle. One of his movie catchphrases is, \\\"I love being a turtle! \\\" and cowabunga! Owing to his popularity with children, he is given many lines and comes up with several (slightly outrageous) plans to advance plots.\",\n \"title\": \"Michelangelo (Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"741543\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"¡Ay, caramba!\\\" and \\\"Don't have a cow, man!\\\", were featured on T-shirts manufactured during the production of the early seasons of \\\"The Simpsons\\\". \\\"Cowabunga\\\" is also commonly associated with Bart, although it was mostly used on the show after it had been used as a slogan on the T-shirts. The use of catchphrase-based humor was mocked in the episode \\\"Bart Gets Famous\\\" (season five, 1994) in which Bart lands a popular role on Krusty the Clown's show for saying the line \\\"I didn't do it.\\\" The writers chose the phrase \\\"I didn't do it\\\" because they wanted a \\\"lousy\\\" phrase\",\n \"title\": \"Bart Simpson\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"544155\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"far-out\\\", \\\"tubuloso\\\", \\\"bodacious\\\", and possibly the most recognized, \\\"cowabunga\\\". On April 21, 1990, a drug-prevention television special was broadcast on ABC, NBC, and CBS named \\\"Cartoon All-Stars to the Rescue\\\" that featured some of the most popular cartoons at the time; representing TMNT was Michelangelo, voiced by Townsend Coleman. Starting on September 8, 1990 (with a different opening sequence), the show began its run on CBS. The CBS weekend edition ran for a full hour until 1994, initially airing a few Saturday-exclusive episodes back-to-back. Also, a brief \\\"Turtle Tips\\\" segment aired between the two episodes, which served as public-service announcement\",\n \"title\": \"Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6554185\",\n \"text\": \"budget of $34 million. Three thousand years ago, warlord Yaotl enters a portal into a parallel universe and becomes immortal, but his four generals are turned to stone. The portal also releases 13 immortal monsters that destroy his army and his enemies. In the present, the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles have grown apart. After defeating the Shredder, Master Splinter has sent Leonardo to Central America for training, where he protects a village from bandits. Donatello works as an IT specialist, Michelangelo works as a birthday party entertainer called \\\"Cowabunga Carl\\\", and Raphael works at night as the vigilante \\\"Nightwatcher\\\". April\",\n \"title\": \"TMNT (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4645100\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"there are themes to the shows we did last year, important themes, I think it's a tribute to how well we executed them that nobody realized we had a point.\\\" Bart says \\\"Cowabunga\\\" for the second time (the first time being in \\\"The Telltale Head\\\"), which was commonly associated with Bart through its use as a T-shirt slogan. Mayor Quimby makes his first appearance in this episode, without his trademark sash that says \\\"Mayor\\\". The sash was later added because the writers feared that viewers would not recognize him. The episode was the first to feature a new opening sequence,\",\n \"title\": \"Bart Gets an \\\"F\\\"\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"544136\",\n \"text\": \"was honed with the collaboration of the Murakami-Wolf-Swenson animation firm's writers. Playmates and their team essentially served as associate producers and contributing writers to the miniseries that was first launched to sell-in the toy action figures. Phrases like \\\"Heroes in a half shell\\\" and many of the comical catch phrases and battle cries (\\\"Turtle power!\\\") came from the writing and conceptualization of this creative team. As the series developed, veteran writer Jack Mendelsohn came on board as both a story editor and scriptwriter. David Wise, Michael Charles Hill, and Michael Reaves wrote most of the scripts. The miniseries was repeated\",\n \"title\": \"Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8731813\",\n \"text\": \"Roach in poetry. Winner: Nominees: Winner: 2 Finalists: Nominees: Winner: Finalists: Nominees: Winner: Finalists: Nominees: Winner: Nominees: Winner: 2 Finalists: Nominees\\\":\\\" Winner: 2 Finalists: Nominees: Winner: 2 Finalists: Nominees: Winner: Nominees Winner: 2 Finalists: Nominees\\\":\\\" Winner: 2 Finalists: Nominees: Winner: 2 Finalists: Nominees: Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Nominees Winner Nominees Winner Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winners Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Nominees Winner\",\n \"title\": \"Hurston-Wright Legacy Award\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6554191\",\n \"text\": \"faces from their past, which the Turtles suspect to be the Shredder. She and the rest of the Foot Clan depart. Yaotl, now mortal, honors the Turtles and Splinter, thanking them for fulfilling his wish before dissipating. Splinter places Yaotl's helmet among his trophy collection, as well as Raphael's \\\"Nightwatcher\\\" helmet and Michelangelo's \\\"Cowabunga Carl\\\" head. As they return to their roles as the shadowy guardians of New York City, Raphael says that the Turtles will always be brothers. A computer graphics imagery (CGI) Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (TMNT) movie was first announced in 2000, with John Woo supposedly at\",\n \"title\": \"TMNT (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5798700\",\n \"text\": \"the surface, the young Turtles witness bullies picking on young \\\"Arnie\\\". Disguising themselves as a human child, they attempt to teach him self-defense. However, their unique perspectives and attitudes resulted in more trouble than help. In the end, however, young Casey angrily jumps to the defense of a friend against the bullies, proclaiming they were no match for \\\"Arnold Casey Jones!\\\" In a bit of foreshadowing, he uses a bully's hockey stick against them. His main catchphrase is the battle cry \\\"Goongala!\\\". It is also revealed in episode \\\"The Lesson\\\" that this came from a young Casey being unable to\",\n \"title\": \"Casey Jones (Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2837003\",\n \"text\": \"other three movies. However, it should be noted that Raphael felt he was better suited to be in charge and openly asks Splinter why he was not considered for the role. Splinter explains that Raph has not yet mastered control over his rage and is therefore not eligible to be leader. In this film, Donnie also seems to show a bit more emotional care for Mikey than in the previous films. According to the short \\\"Mikey's Birthday Party\\\" Donnie helps Mikey with his job as a character entertainer named \\\"Cowabunga Carl\\\" by communicating with Mikey via cameras and head gear\",\n \"title\": \"Donatello (Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2837304\",\n \"text\": \"In the first movie, he and Donatello were regularly paired together while Leonardo and Raphael were arguing. In the first movie and the first sequel, \\\"\\\", he was portrayed by Michelan Sisti; in the second sequel, \\\"Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles III\\\", he was portrayed by David Fraser. In all three movies, he was voiced by \\\"The Brady Bunch\\\" alum Robbie Rist. In \\\"TMNT\\\", Mikey has taken to performing at children's birthday parties as \\\"Cowabunga Carl\\\" in order to help make ends meet to support his family. It becomes apparent early in the film that the physical and emotional absence of\",\n \"title\": \"Michelangelo (Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17792435\",\n \"text\": \"1907: 1908: 1909: 1910: 1911: 1912: 1913: 1914: 1915: 1917: 1918: 1920: 1921: 1922: 1923: 1925: 1926: 1927: 1928: 1929: 1930: 1931: 1932: 1933: 1934: 1935: 1936: 1937: 1938: 1940: 1941: 1942: 1943: 1945: 1946: 1947: 1949: 1950: 1951: 1955: 1957: 1959: 1962: 1963: 1964: 1965: 1966: 1969: 1970: 1971: 1972: 1975: 1976: 1977: 1978: 1979: 1980: 1982: 1983: 1984: 1987: 1988: 1994: 1996: 2001: 2005–2006: 2006: 2011: 2013: 2016: Timeline of women's education This is a timeline of women's education. 1237 1239 1608 1636 1639 1644 1674 1678 1685 1727 1732 1742 1751 1783 1786 1787 1788 1803 1818\",\n \"title\": \"Timeline of women's education\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5798701\",\n \"text\": \"pronounce \\\"-sama\\\", a battle cry meaning lit. \\\"Mr. Thunder\\\", that young Michelangelo kept trying to teach him. \\\"Goongala\\\" was the best he could come up with. Despite his lack of intelligence and apparent incompetence, he was early on in the series referred to by Hun as \\\"Our (the Purple Dragon's) greatest enemy\\\", and a fighting tournament was held to see which Dragon would have the honor of killing him, indicating how serious a threat the criminal underworld views him as. In the series, Casey has a good heart, but is easily enraged and occasionally bumbling. He loves motorcycles. In a\",\n \"title\": \"Casey Jones (Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10452037\",\n \"text\": \"That's When I Reach for My Revolver \\\"That's When I Reach for My Revolver\\\" is a song by Mission of Burma that was written and sung by band member Clint Conley. It appears on their 1981 EP \\\"Signals, Calls and Marches\\\". Moby covered the song in 1996 and released it as a single, reaching number fifty on the UK Singles Chart. The title is a reference to the often-mistranslated quotation commonly attributed to Hermann Göring: \\\"When I hear the word 'culture', that's when I reach for my revolver\\\" — the actual quote is \\\"Wenn ich Kultur höre ... entsichere ich\",\n \"title\": \"That's When I Reach for My Revolver\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3798593\",\n \"text\": \"claims that \\\"War Eagle\\\" was the name given to the large golden eagle by the Plains Indians because the eagle furnished feathers for use in their war bonnets. According to a 1998 article in the Auburn Plainsman, the most likely origin of the \\\"War Eagle\\\" cry grew from a 1913 pep rally at Langdon Hall, where students had gathered the day before the annual football game against the University of Georgia. Cheerleader Gus Graydon told the crowd, \\\"If we are going to win this game, we'll have to get out there and fight, because this means war.\\\" During the frenzy,\",\n \"title\": \"War Eagle\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"544154\",\n \"text\": \"weekdays and it had 47 more episodes for the new season. There were 28 new syndicated episodes for season 4 and only 13 of those episodes aired in 1990. The \\\"European Vacation\\\" episodes were not seen in the United States until USA Network started showing reruns in late 1993 and the \\\"Awesome Easter\\\" episodes were not seen until 1991. These episodes were delayed because of animation or scheduling problems. The turtles are also well known for their use of idiomatic expressions characteristic of the surfer lingo of the time, especially by Michelangelo. Words and phrases included \\\"bummer\\\", \\\"dude\\\", \\\"bogus\\\", \\\"radical\\\",\",\n \"title\": \"Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13506388\",\n \"text\": \"Head of Comedy, wanted their name to include the word \\\"circus\\\" because the BBC referred to the six members wandering around the building as a circus, in particular, \\\"Baron Von Took's Circus\\\", after Barry Took, who had brought them to the BBC. The group added \\\"flying\\\" to make it sound less like an actual circus and more like something from World War I. The group was coming up with their name at a time when the 1966 Royal Guardsmen song \\\"Snoopy vs. the Red Baron\\\" had been at a peak. \\\"Freiherr\\\" Manfred von Richthofen, the World War I German flying\",\n \"title\": \"Monty Python's Flying Circus\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6394352\",\n \"text\": \"– or all three – of .\\\" Examples include a 2001 album titled \\\"Quiet Is the New Loud\\\", a 2008 newspaper headline that stated \\\"Comedy is the new rock 'n' roll\\\", and the title of and 2013 Netflix original series \\\"Orange Is the New Black\\\". \\\"The mother of all \\\", a hyperbole which has been used to refer to something as \\\"great\\\" or \\\"the greatest of its kind\\\", became a popular snowclone template in the 1990s. The phrase entered American popular culture in September 1990 at the outset of the Gulf War, when Saddam Hussein's Revolutionary Command Council warned the\",\n \"title\": \"Snowclone\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"544182\",\n \"text\": \"Turtles\\\" (or TMHT, for short), since the British Broadcasting Corp deemed the word \\\"ninja\\\" to have excessively violent connotations for a children's program. Consequently, everything related to the Turtles (comic books, video games, toys, etc.) was renamed before being released in the UK as well as various other European countries. The lyrics were also changed, such as changing \\\"Splinter taught them to be \\\"ninja\\\" teens\\\" to \\\"Splinter taught them to be \\\"fighting\\\" teens\\\". The policies also had other effects, such as editing out use of Michelangelo's nunchaku (which were at the time banned by James Ferman, chairman of the BBFC,\",\n \"title\": \"Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4542264\",\n \"text\": \"of the second season. After the first two episodes were broadcast, the name was changed to \\\"Teenage Mutant Hero Turtles\\\" and the intro was edited, except for season one. In 2007–2008, episodes were aired in their original US unedited form. When shown on the BBC, phrases such as \\\"Let's kick some shell!\\\" and \\\"Bummer!\\\" were removed from the episodes (the latter may relate to a British slang term for anal sex). The series \\\"\\\" was also referred to as Hero Turtles, possibly using the term \\\"hero\\\" to separate the television series from the live action movies. The 2003 television series,\",\n \"title\": \"Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (1987 TV series)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8345631\",\n \"text\": \"were no words in the Navajo language for military machines, weapons, or foreign countries, so these words were substituted with words that did exist in the Navajo language. For example, Britain was spoken as \\\"between waters\\\" (toh-ta), a dive bomber was a \\\"chicken hawk\\\" (gini), a grenade was a \\\"potato\\\" (ni-ma-si) and Germany was \\\"iron hat\\\" (besh-be-cha-he). In 2001, 28 Navajo Code Talkers were awarded a Congressional Gold Medals, mostly posthumously. The group has also been commemorated in various media, including books, films, notably \\\"Windtalkers\\\" (2002) starring Nicolas Cage, \\\"Battle Cry\\\" starring Van Heflin, even a Navajo Code Talker GI\",\n \"title\": \"Native Americans and World War II\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11485869\",\n \"text\": \"has failed to place among the top four teams only once, in 2012.Below is the list of eight nations that have finished in the top two in Thomas Cup. 2018: 2016: 2014: 2012: 2010: 2008: 2006: 2004: 2002: 2000: 1998: 1996: 1994: 1992: 2018: 2016: 2014: 2012: 2010: 2008: 2006: 2004: 2002: 2000: 1998: 1996: 1994: 1992: 1990: 1988: 1986: 1984: 1981: 1978: 1975: 1972: 1969: 2017 2015 2013 2011 2009 Even though they actually have a balance of strength in all events, they are known for producing many great doubles in the men's category. Their doubles had conquered the\",\n \"title\": \"Indonesia national badminton team\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5118610\",\n \"text\": \"to take Bart's idea to heart. The episode then jumps 1,000 years into the future, when Bart is believed to be the last Prophet of God. In this age, mankind is waging war over whether Bart's teachings were about love and tolerance, or understanding and peace (and whether he was betrayed by his minion Milhouse and ripped apart by snowmobiles until he died). Unable to come to an agreement, one side cries Bart's catchphrase \\\"Eat my shorts\\\", the other cries \\\"Cowabunga\\\" and both sides engage in a bloody battle. Robert Canning, Eric Goldman, Dan Iverson, and Brain Zormski of IGN\",\n \"title\": \"The Father, the Son, and the Holy Guest Star\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4380844\",\n \"text\": \"plan. \\\"You may find this hard to believe, but in my salad days, my crowning glory was a bright shock of strawberry blonde curls.\\\" Mr. Burns goes on to say that he can empathise with Homer's experience with male pattern baldness. In a season 3 episode of \\\"Red vs. Blue\\\" a zealot delivers a diatribe for his team's lost flag, claiming that the \\\"days of salad and glory\\\" are over. The 1996 film \\\"Independence Day\\\" contains the line \\\"Are the salad days over for President Whitmore?\\\" Episode 33 of the television series \\\"Monty Python's Flying Circus\\\" is called \\\"Salad Days\\\",\",\n \"title\": \"Salad days\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3652801\",\n \"text\": \"must himself be free,\\\" Johnson replied, \\\"Who drives fat oxen must himself be fat.\\\" Although Johnson was objecting to the misuse and overuse of \\\"freedom\\\" and was at that time in a vexatious debate over the United States War of Independence (saying, \\\"Why is it that we hear the loudest cries for liberty from the drivers of Negroes?\\\"), Brooke was mortified by Johnson's parody and changed the line for his \\\"Collected Works\\\". Brooke had a difficult life and made a very poor living. The Licensing Act robbed him of his primary avenue to making a living, for, after the Act,\",\n \"title\": \"Henry Brooke (writer)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2860300\",\n \"text\": \"the key labels in the British post-punk movement. Following several releases, Watts-Russell developed the idea of collaborating under the name This Mortal Coil. The name is taken from the Monty Python's Flying Circus \\\"Dead Parrot sketch\\\", which in turn is a quote from Shakespeare's \\\"Hamlet\\\" (\\\"... what dreams may come, when we have shuffled off this mortal coil...\\\"). Quoting the 4AD website: One of the label's earliest signings was Modern English. In 1983, Watts-Russell suggested that the band re-record two of its earliest songs, \\\"Sixteen Days\\\" and \\\"Gathering Dust\\\", as a medley. At the time, the band was closing its\",\n \"title\": \"This Mortal Coil\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19699627\",\n \"text\": \"into his reality to serve as mind-controlled hitmen, in order to prevent Usagi from ever reaching the Temple of the Sky Buddha. A flashback (prequel) shows how Splinter and the four Turtles, as babies, found their underground lair while being pursued by the Kraang. Splinter realizes he has been given a second chance at fatherhood, and names the infant Turtles after his favorite Italian artists of the Renaissance. In an alternate post-apocalyptic future (set half a century later), humanity and most of mutantkind (the Mighty Mutanimals, April O'Neil- who was somehow unable to shield herself from the blast with her\",\n \"title\": \"Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (2012 TV series) (season 5)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11133290\",\n \"text\": \"the state police academy are automatically promoted to Trooper. The title of address is \\\"Trooper\\\". Is a rank commonly used in the western United States associated with the duties of a Game Warden. Currently this title is used in the states of Oregon and Alaska. Early Australian police forces had officers termed troopers, typically mounted police. For example, the classic Australian folk song Waltzing Matilda contains the line \\\"\\\"Down came the troopers, one, two, three,\\\"\\\" referring to three mounted police who had come to arrest the swagman. The term is no longer in current usage in Australia. Trooper (police rank)\",\n \"title\": \"Trooper (police rank)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7087409\",\n \"text\": \"animals, \\\"Ronin\\\", and \\\"Daredevil\\\", which featured ninja clans dueling for control of the New York City underworld. The Turtles' origin contained direct allusions to \\\"Daredevil\\\": the traffic accident between a blind man and a truck carrying radioactive ooze, a reference to Daredevil's own story, (indeed in the version told in the first issue, Splinter sees the canister strike a boy's face). The name \\\"Splinter\\\" also parodied Daredevil's mentor, a man known as \\\"Stick.\\\" The Foot, a clan of evil ninjas who became the Turtles' arch-enemies, likens to the Hand, who were a mysterious and deadly ninja clan in the pages\",\n \"title\": \"Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (Mirage Studios)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13382943\",\n \"text\": \"1490s in poetry Nationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature (for instance, Irish or France). 1491: 1492: 1493: 1494: 1495: 1496: 1497: 1498: 1499: Death years link to the corresponding \\\"[year] in poetry\\\" article. There are conflicting or unreliable sources for the birth years of many people born in this period; where sources conflict, the poet is listed again and the conflict is noted: 1490: 1491: 1492: 1493: 1494: 1495: 1496: 1497: 1498: 1499: Birth years link to the corresponding \\\"[year] in poetry\\\" article: 1490: 1491: 1492: 1493: 1494: 1495: 1496: 1497: 1498: 1499:\",\n \"title\": \"1490s in poetry\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"495661\",\n \"text\": \"a 1943 letter from Yamamoto to the Admiralty in Tokyo containing the quotation. However, Forrester cannot produce the letter, nor can anyone else, American or Japanese, recall it or find it. Randall Wallace, the screenwriter of the 2001 film \\\"Pearl Harbor\\\", readily admitted that he copied the line from \\\"Tora! Tora! Tora!\\\" Regardless of the provenance of the quote, Yamamoto believed that Japan could not win a protracted war with the US. Moreover, he seems later to have believed that the Pearl Harbor attack had been a blunder—even though he was the person who came up with the idea of\",\n \"title\": \"Isoroku Yamamoto's sleeping giant quote\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15249973\",\n \"text\": \"and a small group of friends, pretended to be the Prince of Abyssinia and his entourage. They obtained permission to visit one of the world's most powerful warships HMS \\\"Dreadnought\\\" in Weymouth, Dorset, in what became known as the \\\"Dreadnought\\\" hoax. It was reported that each time the Commander showed them a marvel of the ship, they murmured the phrase \\\"bunga, bunga!\\\" which then became a popular catchphrase of the time. Adrian Stephen, had this to say about the phrase: A 1950 Bugs Bunny short \\\"Bushy Hare\\\" used the phrase \\\"Unga Bunga Bunga\\\" in a nonsensical exchange between Bugs Bunny\",\n \"title\": \"Bunga bunga\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13382944\",\n \"text\": \"Other events: 16th century: 1490s in poetry Nationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature (for instance, Irish or France). 1491: 1492: 1493: 1494: 1495: 1496: 1497: 1498: 1499: Death years link to the corresponding \\\"[year] in poetry\\\" article. There are conflicting or unreliable sources for the birth years of many people born in this period; where sources conflict, the poet is listed again and the conflict is noted: 1490: 1491: 1492: 1493: 1494: 1495: 1496: 1497: 1498: 1499: Birth years link to the corresponding \\\"[year] in poetry\\\" article: 1490: 1491: 1492: 1493: 1494: 1495:\",\n \"title\": \"1490s in poetry\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"250862\",\n \"text\": \"performers collaborated with their stunts to perform a combined set of acts. Differing, somewhat confusing accounts are given of the origins of the Python name, although the members agree that its only \\\"significance\\\" was that they thought it sounded funny. In the 1998 documentary \\\"Live at Aspen\\\" during the US Comedy Arts Festival, where the troupe was awarded the AFI Star Award by the American Film Institute, the group implied that \\\"Monty\\\" was selected (Eric Idle's idea) as a gently mocking tribute to Field Marshal Lord Montgomery, a legendary British general of World War II; requiring a \\\"slippery-sounding\\\" surname, they\",\n \"title\": \"Monty Python\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"250861\",\n \"text\": \"were to discover she had her own TV show. \\\"Baron Von Took's Flying Circus\\\" was considered as an affectionate tribute to Barry Took, the man who had brought them together. \\\"Arthur Megapode's Flying Circus\\\" was suggested, then discarded. The name \\\"Baron Von Took's Flying Circus\\\" had the form of \\\"Baron Manfred von Richthofen's Flying Circus\\\" of WWI fame, and the new group was forming in a time when the Royal Guardsmen's 1966 song \\\"Snoopy vs. the Red Baron\\\" had peaked. The term 'flying circus' was also another name for the popular entertainment of the 1920s known as barnstorming, where multiple\",\n \"title\": \"Monty Python\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11247125\",\n \"text\": \"away hidden in large haystacks. Filming for \\\"Sock-a-Bye Baby\\\" commenced between April 28 and May 1, 1942. The film title is a parody of the lullaby \\\"Rock-a-bye Baby\\\", likely shared by the similarly-named Popeye cartoon \\\"Sock-a-Bye, Baby\\\" from 1934. This short is one of the rare few that contains explicit racial humor. Specifically, after Curly begins singing a song about Japanese people, he catches himself and says \\\"What am I sayin'? [spits Pew!] on the Japanese.\\\" The U.S. was at war with Japan during World War II at the time and jingoism was a presence in the media. While washing\",\n \"title\": \"Sock-a-Bye Baby\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6444922\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"What are we going to do to those Horned Frogs?\\\" Using a term for frog hunting already used by the student body, he answered his own question, \\\"Gig 'em, Aggies!\\\" and made a fist with the thumb extended. The hand signal proved popular, and it became the first hand sign of the Southwest Conference. Gig 'em is also the name of one of the school yells, which is used during football kickoffs. The university's traditions council recognizes another possible origin for the expression. The word \\\"gig\\\" is used in the US Army to indicate an infraction of the uniform code,\",\n \"title\": \"Traditions of Texas A&M University\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19834740\",\n \"text\": \"where Michelangelo has had fun with a thief (thereby quoting Batman's line \\\"I am vengeance, I am the night\\\" from the \\\"Nothing to Fear\\\"), Donatello is alerted by a scanning program on his computer telling him that the Kraang have activated another dimensional portal in the sewers. The Turtles and April follow the energy reading to its source and discover an active portal, just before they are ambushed by Clayface. When Michelangelo gives him the insulting nickname \\\"Mudbutt\\\", Clayface concentrates his attacks on the young Turtle, inadvertently moving back in front of the portal in the process. By opening a\",\n \"title\": \"Batman/Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles Adventures\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19217303\",\n \"text\": \"Texas (to draw a larger following) in 2010, adding vocalists John Ritter and Michael Swank and adopted a metalcore sound. Two years later, the group performed at South by So What?! music festival in Grand Prairie, Texas. The band was named after a phrase used in video game Call of Duty, in which a voice shouts \\\"Sniper, Relocate\\\". The band decided to change the pronunciation of the first word to \\\"\\\", but decided to spell the word as \\\"Myka\\\". In early 2013, Albarado and the group parted ways, with Aaron Robertson taking over on percussion. In July of that year,\",\n \"title\": \"Myka Relocate\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19115563\",\n \"text\": \"commercial networks' announcements come shortly after the networks have had a chance to buy Canadian rights to new American series. Returning series: New series: Not returning from 2014–15:\\\" Returning series: New series: Not returning from 2014–15:\\\" Returning series: New series: Not returning from 2014–15:\\\" Returning series: New series: Not returning from 2014–15:\\\" Returning series: New series: Not returning from 2014–15:\\\" Returning series: New series: Not returning from 2014–15:\\\" Returning series: New series: Not returning from 2014–15:\\\" Returning series: New series: Not returning from 2014–15:\\\" 2015–16 Canadian network television schedule The 2015–16 network television schedules for the five major English commercial\",\n \"title\": \"2015–16 Canadian network television schedule\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9914292\",\n \"text\": \"The Music department also relocated to the area vacated by the biology department. The whole project was completed in 2013 and cost £5 million. The school was named after St Crispin, the patron saint of cobblers, tanners and leather workers. The choice of name was perhaps inspired by the famous St Crispin's Day speech from Shakespeare's \\\"Henry V\\\", a rousing battle cry from the king before the Battle of Agincourt which was fought on 25 October 1415 (St Crispin's Day). St Crispin's was officially opened on 14 October 1953 by the Right Honourable Florence Horsbrugh, the then Minister of Education.\",\n \"title\": \"St Crispin's School\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4508125\",\n \"text\": \"as a hermit in its sewers and befriends the rats. One day, he comes across four baby turtles which were accidentally dropped by a boy through a sewer grate. Splinter keeps them as pets and treats them like his children. When he finds the turtles near some broken barrels that are oozing glowing pink (later retconned to green) chemical liquid, he tries to clean them with his bare hands. As a result, they are all affected by the leaking chemical, which is a mutagen. The mutagen combines the DNA of living beings who have been in contact. Thus, the turtles,\",\n \"title\": \"Splinter (Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1371270\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Scrooge\\\" is used in English as a word for a person who is miserly and tight-fisted, in spite of the fact that Ebenezer Scrooge later reformed. The character is most often noted for exclaiming \\\"Bah! Humbug!\\\" despite uttering this phrase only twice in the entire story. He uses the word \\\"Humbug\\\" on its own on seven occasions, although on the seventh we are told he \\\"stopped at the first syllable\\\" after realizing Marley's ghost is real. The word is never used again after that in the book. A species of snail is named \\\"Ba humbugi\\\" after Scrooge's catchphrase. Ebenezer Scrooge\",\n \"title\": \"Ebenezer Scrooge\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8836208\",\n \"text\": \"court created the opportunity for Henry Tudor to seize power. As with previous episodes of \\\"The Black Adder\\\", the end credits of \\\"The Black Seal\\\" include an acknowledgement of \\\"additional dialogue by William Shakespeare\\\". In this episode, overt Shakespearian reference is limited to Edmund's rousing address to his gang of mercenaries, in which he declares \\\"\\\"We few, we happy few, we band of ruthless bastards!\\\"\\\" – words adapted from Henry V's St Crispin's Day Speech before the Battle of Agincourt (\\\"Henry V\\\", Act 4, Scene III). \\\"The Black Adder\\\" series has been noted for blurring the boundaries between traditional situation\",\n \"title\": \"The Black Seal\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6949717\",\n \"text\": \"Führer’s hand. I kiss right in 'der Führer’s face!'\\\" (the joke being a popular near-contemporary song with this title composed by Oliver Wallace and the subject of a Disney animated short in 1943). Afterwards, Göring exclaims \\\"Oh, I’m a bad \\\"flooten-boy-glooten\\\"!\\\", a variant on Warner Bros. cartoons' frequently-cited Lou Costello-type catchphrase: \\\"I'm a bad boy!\\\". Later, when the jig is up, Bugs rides in on a white horse, dressed as Brünhilde—from Wagnerian opera, to the tune of the \\\"Pilgrims’ Chorus\\\" from \\\"Tannhäuser\\\"). Entranced, Göring responds by dressing up as Siegfried. The two dance, before Bugs once again makes a fool\",\n \"title\": \"Herr Meets Hare\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13506389\",\n \"text\": \"ace known as The Red Baron, commanded the Jagdgeschwader 1 squadron of planes known as \\\"The Flying Circus.\\\" The words \\\"Monty Python\\\" were added because they claimed it sounded like a really bad theatrical agent, the sort of person who would have brought them together, with John Cleese suggesting \\\"Python\\\" as something slimy and slithery, and Eric Idle suggesting \\\"Monty\\\". They later explained that the name Monty \\\"...made us laugh because Monty to us means Lord Montgomery, our great general of the Second World War\\\". The BBC had rejected some other names put forward by the group including \\\"Whither Canada?\\\",\",\n \"title\": \"Monty Python's Flying Circus\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"728340\",\n \"text\": \"to General Makabe. Lucas and artist Ralph McQuarrie also drew inspiration from the robots Huey, Dewey, and Louie from Douglas Trumbull's 1972 film \\\"Silent Running\\\". The name derives from when Lucas was making one of his earlier films, \\\"American Graffiti\\\". Sound editor Walter Murch states that he is responsible for the utterance which sparked the name for the droid. Murch asked for Reel 2, Dialog Track 2, in the abbreviated form \\\"R-2-D-2\\\". Lucas, who was in the room and had dozed off while working on the script for \\\"Star Wars\\\", momentarily woke when he heard the request and, after asking\",\n \"title\": \"R2-D2\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"544179\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Pizza Power!\\\" The Turtles' live shows and appearances ceased production in 1996. Although the TMNT had originated as something of a parody, the comic's explosive success led to a wave of small-press, black and white comic parodies of \\\"TMNT\\\" itself, including \\\"Adolescent Radioactive Black Belt Hamsters\\\", \\\"Pre-Teen Dirty-Gene Kung-Fu Kangaroos\\\", and a host of others. Dark Horse Comics' \\\"Boris the Bear\\\" was launched in response to these TMNT clones; its first issue was titled \\\"Boris the Bear Slaughters the Teenage Radioactive Black Belt Mutant Ninja Critters\\\". Once the Turtles broke into the mainstream, parodies also proliferated in other media, such\",\n \"title\": \"Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17792434\",\n \"text\": \"Timeline of women's education This is a timeline of women's education. 1237 1239 1608 1636 1639 1644 1674 1678 1685 1727 1732 1742 1751 1783 1786 1787 1788 1803 1818 1822 1823 1826 1827 1829 1831 1834 1834 1837 1839 1841 1842 1843 1844 1847 1849 1850 1851 1852 1853 1854 1855 1857 1858 1859 1860 1861 1862 1863 1864 1865 1866 1866 1867 1868 1869 1870: 1871 1872: 1873: 1874: 1875: 1876: 1877: 1878: 1878: 1879: 1880: 1881: 1882: 1883: 1885: 1886: 1887: 1889: 1890: 1891: 1892: 1893: 1894: 1895: 1896: 1898: 1900: 1901: 1902: 1903: 1904: 1905: 1906:\",\n \"title\": \"Timeline of women's education\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1686976\",\n \"text\": \"crickets, which are black or dark brown, with very long antennae and he dresses like a gentleman from the 19th century. Since his debut in \\\"Pinocchio\\\", he has become a recurring iconic Disney character and has made numerous other appearances. The character's name is a play on the exclamation \\\"Jiminy Cricket!\\\", a minced oath for \\\"Jesus Christ\\\" – which itself was uttered in \\\"Pinocchio\\\"s immediate Disney predecessor, 1937's \\\"Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs\\\" by the seven dwarfs themselves. Another example occurs in the 1939 film \\\"The Wizard of Oz\\\", wherein Dorothy (Judy Garland) cries, \\\"Oh! Oh! Jiminy Crickets!\\\" when\",\n \"title\": \"Jiminy Cricket\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7875245\",\n \"text\": \"This was due to the vast changes that the program underwent during the German dubbing process, that under Brandt's supervision transformed the show into a much more comedy-oriented spy persiflage contrasting the more subdued, mild humour of the English language original. A quite astounding example of \\\"Schnoddersynchron\\\" has been performed with Monty Python's \\\"Die Ritter der Kokosnuss\\\" (that is, \\\"Monty Python and the Holy Grail\\\") where the initial dialogue contains phrases such as: \\\"Heda! Wer reitet so spät durch Nacht und Wind?\\\" (\\\"Hey there! Who rides so late through night and wind?\\\", an obvious reference to Goethe's poem \\\"Der Erlkönig\\\"),\",\n \"title\": \"German humour\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5820142\",\n \"text\": \"for WTTG-TV in Washington, D.C., from 1991 to 1992. Gus also had a small cameo, as an announcer, in the 1998 film \\\"He Got Game\\\". Johnson is known primarily for his enthusiasm and excitement that he shares with the game. He often uses signature phrases \\\"Hurt My Feelings!\\\", \\\"Oh my goodness!\\\", \\\"Rise and fire... Count it!\\\", \\\"Here comes the pain!\\\", \\\"He's got 'get away from the cops' speed!\\\", \\\"From the parking lot!\\\", \\\"And the Runner...Bang!\\\", \\\"Pure!\\\", \\\"BAM!\\\", \\\"Hot Sauce!\\\", \\\"Cold-Blooded!\\\", \\\"What a game!\\\", and \\\"HA-HAAA\\\". Johnson called numerous sports for CBS Sports, with his most recognized role as a play-by-play\",\n \"title\": \"Gus Johnson (sportscaster)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5735313\",\n \"text\": \"Gay, a Boeing B-29 Superfortress piloted by Colonel Paul Tibbets, dropped an atomic bomb (code-named Little Boy by the U.S.) on the city of Hiroshima in southwest Honshū. Throughout the day, confused reports reached Tokyo that Hiroshima had been the target of an air raid, which had leveled the city with a \\\"blinding flash and violent blast\\\". Later that day, they received U.S. President Truman's broadcast announcing the first use of an atomic bomb, and promising: The Japanese Army and Navy had their own independent atomic-bomb programs and therefore the Japanese understood enough to know how very difficult building it\",\n \"title\": \"Surrender of Japan\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3236944\",\n \"text\": \"Irish Brigade (Union Army) The Irish Brigade was an infantry brigade, consisting predominantly of Irish Americans, that served in the Union Army in the American Civil War. The designation of the first regiment in the brigade, the 69th New York Infantry, or the \\\"Fighting 69th\\\", continued in later wars. The Irish Brigade was known in part for its famous war cry, the \\\"Faugh a Ballaugh\\\", which is an anglicization of the Irish phrase, \\\"fág an bealach\\\", meaning \\\"clear the way\\\". According to Fox's \\\"Regimental Losses\\\", of all Union army brigades, only the 1st Vermont Brigade and Iron Brigade suffered more\",\n \"title\": \"Irish Brigade (Union Army)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16287006\",\n \"text\": \"from Dimension X in the form of the Triceraton Empire. Despite their best efforts and Shredder violating the Foot Clan's temporary truce with the Turtles by stabbing Splinter during the fight, the ruthless Triceratons activate the Heart of Darkness, a black hole-creating machine which annihilates both the Kraang, the Earth, and everyone on it. But just as it comes to the worst for the Turtles, April, and Casey, they are rescued by a friendly robot by the name of Professor Honeycutt (also known as the Fugitoid) who uses his spacecraft to take the Turtles, April and Casey to a journey\",\n \"title\": \"Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (2012 TV series)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5651086\",\n \"text\": \"types are Asian, and the film plays the yellow-peril aspects of this to the hilt.\\\" Newman noted a racist joke in April O'Neil's response to the Foot Clan, \\\"What's the matter, did I fall behind on my Sony payments?\\\", finding that the film expressed a \\\"resentment of Japan's economic strength even while the film is plundering Japan's popular culture.\\\" Ebert felt there was \\\"no racism\\\" in the film. On Rotten Tomatoes the film has a 40% rating based on reviews from 50 critics. The website's consensus states \\\"Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles is exactly as advertised: one-liners, brawls, and general silliness.\",\n \"title\": \"Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (1990 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15832391\",\n \"text\": \"John Besmehn John Charles Besmehn (born 1964) from San Jose, California, is a writer, director, and producer of animated and live action shows, and a developer of toys and entertainment properties. He co-developed the toy line for \\\"Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles\\\", a multibillion-dollar comic book, animated television series and movie franchise, originally conceived by the comic book team, Kevin Eastman and Peter Laird. He co-created the toy and animation property, B.C. Bikers, about a rogue band of \\\"chrome age\\\" dinosaurs who ride motorcycles through an apocalyptic past. Besmehn has also conceived, designed and written for such eclectic kid-fare as the\",\n \"title\": \"John Besmehn\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4542225\",\n \"text\": \"Comics comic book based on the animated show instead of the original black-and-white comics was published throughout the late 1980s and early 1990s. Action figures were top-sellers around the world. By 1990, the cartoon series was being shown daily on more than 125 television stations, and the comic books sold 125,000 copies a month. The origins story in the 1987 television series deviates significantly from the original Mirage Studios comics. In this version, Splinter was formerly human, an honorable ninja master named Hamato Yoshi who studied art history as a hobby. He was banished from the Foot Clan (a Japanese\",\n \"title\": \"Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (1987 TV series)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12589501\",\n \"text\": \"by Paramount Pictures and Nickelodeon Movies, released on August 8, 2014. The was released on June 3, 2016. The first film, \\\"Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles\\\", closely follows the storyline from the Mirage comic books, in addition to some of the more lighthearted elements of the cartoons. The film tells the origin story of Splinter and the Turtles, their initial encounters with April O'Neil (Judith Hoag) and Casey Jones (Elias Koteas), and their first confrontation with The Shredder and his Foot Clan. Directed by Steve Barron and released by New Line Cinema, the film showcases the innovative puppetry techniques of Jim\",\n \"title\": \"Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (film series)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9065752\",\n \"text\": \"of this usage is unknown, although it is hypothesized to have originated with certain Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles action figures, for example, \\\"Football Player! Leonardo\\\", \\\"Rockstar! Raphael\\\", and \\\"Breakdancer! Michelangelo\\\". Some comic books, especially superhero comics of the mid-20th century, routinely use the exclamation point instead of the period, which means the character has just realized something; unlike when the question mark appears instead, which means the character is confused, surprised or they do not know what is happening. This tends to lead to exaggerated speech, in line with the other hyperboles common in comic books. A portion of the\",\n \"title\": \"Exclamation mark\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10658582\",\n \"text\": \"December 25, 1942 and closing January 2, 1943 after 11 performances. The title comes from a famous line in Shakespeare's \\\"Julius Caesar\\\": \\\"Cry 'Havoc!', and let slip the dogs of war.\\\" This film features a very early appearance by Robert Mitchum, who is briefly seen as a dying soldier. It also marks the final performance by Diana Lewis, who retired following her marriage to William Powell. \\\"This is the story of thirteen women. Only two of them — Captain Alice Marsh and Lieutenant Mary Smith — were members of the armed forces of the United States. The others were civilians\",\n \"title\": \"Cry 'Havoc' (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16286999\",\n \"text\": \"friend Casey Jones, who helps repel an assault on the turtles' lair. Kirby is eventually restored to his human form when Donatello manages to concoct another Kraang chemical called retro-mutagen, which causes organic beings to reverse their major physical transformations, and help keep it away from former T.C.R.I inventor Baxter Stockman, who gets mutated into Stockman-Fly while under Shredder's employ. Meanwhile, Shredder returns from Japan with the mutated Japanese bounty hunter Tiger Claw as his new second-in-command. Tiger Claw is later sent through a portal to the 1987–1996 animated series reality, but later returns to the 2012 reality. During a\",\n \"title\": \"Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (2012 TV series)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4542358\",\n \"text\": \"the great grandson of April and Casey. Cody runs a successful and influential technology company and is its sole heir. The newly formatted show saw a brighter tone than its predecessor, and focused on shorter story lines. Some of the previous shows characters did return, however, including Bishop and Baxter Stockman. Instead of a Shredder, Sho'Kanabo, from an extraterrestrial species of parasites, was constantly trying to infect Earth. He eventually is fried by sunlight. Another great change was that though Bishop was still continuing to cheat death, he was now head of a benevolent organization that ensured peace throughout the\",\n \"title\": \"Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (2003 TV series)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7186591\",\n \"text\": \"Unbirthday An unbirthday (originally written un-birthday) is an event that is typically celebrated on any or all of the 364 (365 on leap years) days in which it is not the person's birthday. It is a neologism coined by Lewis Carroll in his \\\"Through the Looking-Glass\\\", giving rise to \\\"The Unbirthday Song\\\" in the 1951 Disney animated feature film \\\"Alice in Wonderland\\\". One's unbirthday should not be confused with one's half-birthday, which only occurs once a year. In \\\"Through the Looking-Glass\\\", Humpty Dumpty is wearing a cravat (which Alice at first mistakes for a belt) which he says was given\",\n \"title\": \"Unbirthday\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"121755\",\n \"text\": \"Sylvia Plath made mention of it in her semi-autobiographical novel \\\"The Bell Jar\\\", when the protagonist was reading \\\"Finnegans Wake\\\". \\\"Supercalifragilisticexpialidocious\\\", the 34-letter title of a song from the movie \\\"Mary Poppins\\\", does appear in several dictionaries, but only as a proper noun defined in reference to the song title. The attributed meaning is \\\"a word that you say when you don't know what to say.\\\" The idea and invention of the word is credited to songwriters Robert and Richard Sherman. The English language permits the legitimate extension of existing words to serve new purposes by the addition of prefixes\",\n \"title\": \"Longest word in English\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6612908\",\n \"text\": \"Ninja Turtles: The Next Mutation Ninja Turtles: The Next Mutation is an American live-action television series produced by Saban Entertainment, which ran on the Fox Kids network from 1997 to 1998 based on the fictional superhero team. As of August 24, 2018, the series is distributed by Hasbro Studios and the characters are owned by Viacom. The series introduced many new elements to the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles, including a female mutant turtle called Venus (named after the famous statue) and new central antagonists, an army of humanoid dragons known as \\\"The Rank\\\" led by the vicious Dragonlord. The series\",\n \"title\": \"Ninja Turtles: The Next Mutation\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10964163\",\n \"text\": \"and U.S. Army. Geronimo (exclamation) Geronimo is a US Army airborne exclamation occasionally used by jumping skydivers or, more generally, anyone about to jump from a great height, or as a general exclamation of exhilaration. The cry originated in the United States. At least two different explanations place the origins of the exclamation in Fort Benning, Georgia, where some of the first of the US Army's parachute jumps occurred in the 1940s. According to paratrooper Gerard Devlin, this exclamation dates from August 1940 and is attributed to Private Aubrey Eberhardt, member of parachute test platoon at Fort Benning. The parachute\",\n \"title\": \"Geronimo (exclamation)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"449803\",\n \"text\": \"advise the new president, Harry S. Truman, on nuclear weapons. It advised that the atomic bomb should be used against an industrial target in Japan as soon as possible and without warning. Bush was present at the Alamogordo Bombing and Gunnery Range on July 16, 1945, for the Trinity nuclear test, the first detonation of an atomic bomb. Afterwards, he took his hat off to Oppenheimer in tribute. Before the end of the Second World War, Bush and Conant had foreseen and sought to avoid a possible nuclear arms race. Bush proposed international scientific openness and information sharing as a\",\n \"title\": \"Vannevar Bush\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3719651\",\n \"text\": \"canopy was dead, and prospects for the tree's survival were not favorable. The other tree fronting College Street, while not damaged by the fire, had failed to become properly established. In February 2017, two 30-foot-tall live oaks were planted to replace the two previous failing trees. There are many stories surrounding the origins of Auburn's battle cry, \\\"War Eagle.\\\" The most popular account involves the first Auburn football game in 1892 between Auburn and the University of Georgia. According to the story, in the stands that day was an old Civil War soldier with an eagle that he had found\",\n \"title\": \"Auburn Tigers\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11035312\",\n \"text\": \"that \\\"they are part of the Rebel Alliance and a traitor! Take 'em away!\\\" This is a reference to a line spoken by Darth Vader to Princess Leia in the movie \\\"Star Wars\\\". The party Peter is invited to is the celebration of Cinco de Mayo. The scene in which Peter is hired as a babysitter of two children is a reference to the film \\\"Mary Poppins\\\". When taking the immigration test, Peter is asked who founded America to which he replies \\\"Dick York\\\" but then quickly changes his answer to \\\"Dick Sargent\\\". This is a reference to the two\",\n \"title\": \"Padre de Familia\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"473898\",\n \"text\": \"announced its surrender to the Allied Powers on August 15, 1945, signing the Instrument of Surrender on September 2, 1945, officially ending the Pacific War and, therefore, World War II, as Germany had already signed its Instrument of Surrender on May 8, 1945, ending the war in Europe. The two atomic bombings led, in part, to post-war Japan's adopting of the Three Non-Nuclear Principles, which forbade the nation from developing nuclear armaments. After the successful Trinity nuclear test July 16, 1945, which was the very first nuclear detonation, the Manhattan project lead manager J. Robert Oppenheimer recalled: Immediately after the\",\n \"title\": \"Nuclear warfare\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5651073\",\n \"text\": \"by the Foot that the Shredder has been brainwashing them to do his dirty work. Realizing this, they all resign from the Foot. The turtles engage the Foot in battle, but the Shredder defeats them. As the Shredder prepares to kill Leonardo, Splinter appears and challenges him to a fight. Splinter names Shredder as Oroku Saki; Saki removes his mask and touches his scar, remembering how Splinter gave it to him. He charges Splinter, who ensnares the Shredder's yari with Michelangelo's nunchaku, leaving him dangling over the roof's edge. Shredder throws a knife from his belt, but when Splinter reaches\",\n \"title\": \"Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (1990 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1670585\",\n \"text\": \"Atomic Age The Atomic Age, also known as the Atomic Era, is the period of history following the detonation of the first nuclear (\\\"atomic\\\") bomb, \\\"Trinity\\\", on July 16, 1945, during World War II. Although nuclear chain reactions had been hypothesized in 1933 and the first artificial self-sustaining nuclear chain reaction (Chicago Pile-1) had taken place in December 1942, the Trinity test and the ensuing bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki that ended World War II represented the first large-scale use of nuclear technology and ushered in profound changes in sociopolitical thinking and the course of technology development. While atomic power\",\n \"title\": \"Atomic Age\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19015407\",\n \"text\": \"possibly also \\\"wannabe Japanese\\\") first emerged in 2002 as a term used to describe a white person who is obsessed with Japanese culture, which includes anime and manga. The term weeaboo came from a comic strip created by Nicholas Gurewitch in which the term had no meaning other than it was something unpleasant. According to an unpublished MA thesis, 4chan quickly picked up the word, and applied it in an abusive way in place of the already existing wapanese term. It is debatable whether weeaboo has the same meaning as the Japanese term \\\"otaku\\\" (people with obsessive interests) as weeaboo\",\n \"title\": \"Japanophile\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3457112\",\n \"text\": \"of some tracks recorded at Random Falls, a recording studio in New York. The album's title is an homage to former drummer Gary Young, who would frequently yell \\\"Wowee zowee!\\\" when excited. The phrase also notably dates to Frank Zappa and The Mothers of Invention's 1966 album \\\"Freak Out!\\\", which also displayed the album title in a cartoon speech balloon and featured a track titled \\\"Wowie Zowie\\\". \\\"Dick-Sucking Fool at Pussy-Licking School\\\" (conceived by Bob Nastanovich) was briefly considered as a potential album title, but discarded after being considered too risque by the rest of the band. Nevertheless, the phrase\",\n \"title\": \"Wowee Zowee\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8280722\",\n \"text\": \"Faugh A Ballagh Faugh a Ballagh ( ; also written Faugh an Beallach) is a battle cry of Irish origin, meaning \\\"clear the way\\\". The spelling is an 18th-century anglicization of the Irish language phrase Fág an Bealach , also written \\\"Fág a' Bealach\\\". Its first recorded use as a regimental motto was by the 87th (Prince of Wales's Irish) Regiment of Foot (who later became the Royal Irish Fusiliers) in 1798. It remains the motto of the Royal Irish Regiment today. It was adopted due to the blood curdling battle-cry of Sergeant Patrick Masterson as he tore into the\",\n \"title\": \"Faugh A Ballagh\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5095799\",\n \"text\": \"of a press conference announcing the return of FMW. He served as the executive producer of the promotion. Ezaki was considered to be one of the greatest professional wrestlers in the history of professional wrestling and one of the pioneers of high-flying and junior heavyweight wrestling in Japan. He was the innovator of \\\"Falcon Arrow\\\" and \\\"Phoenix Splash\\\" and also popularized the \\\"Firebird Splash\\\", which would become famous in North America as the 450° splash. He was the most popular and greatest star in the history of Frontier Martial-Arts Wrestling, where he spent the entirety of his career. Due to\",\n \"title\": \"Hayabusa (wrestler)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10964157\",\n \"text\": \"Geronimo (exclamation) Geronimo is a US Army airborne exclamation occasionally used by jumping skydivers or, more generally, anyone about to jump from a great height, or as a general exclamation of exhilaration. The cry originated in the United States. At least two different explanations place the origins of the exclamation in Fort Benning, Georgia, where some of the first of the US Army's parachute jumps occurred in the 1940s. According to paratrooper Gerard Devlin, this exclamation dates from August 1940 and is attributed to Private Aubrey Eberhardt, member of parachute test platoon at Fort Benning. The parachute had only recently\",\n \"title\": \"Geronimo (exclamation)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4047486\",\n \"text\": \"Joseph Barbera directed the \\\"Tom and Jerry\\\" cartoons for the MGM cartoon studio before opening Hanna-Barbera Productions in 1957.) Snagglepuss has three signature catchphrases. His most famous is his perpetual exclamation, \\\"Heavens to Murgatroyd!\\\" – a line first uttered by Bert Lahr in the film \\\"Meet the People\\\" (1944). Before dashing off (whether to escape or for some other reason), he exclaims \\\"Exit, stage left!\\\" (or stage right, and sometimes even up or down), a phrase used in theatrical stage directions. Finally, Snagglepuss tends to add the word \\\"even\\\" to the end of his statements. This is done in a\",\n \"title\": \"Snagglepuss\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2602834\",\n \"text\": \"after D-Day and the invasion of Southern France. Due to the Brazilian dictatorship's unwillingness to get more deeply involved in the Allied war effort, by early 1943 a popular saying was: \\\"It's more likely for a snake to smoke a pipe, than for the FEB to go the front and fight.\\\" (\\\"\\\"Mais fácil uma cobra fumar um cachimbo, do que a FEB embarcar para o combate.\\\"\\\"). Before the FEB entered combat, the expression \\\"a cobra vai fumar\\\" (\\\"the snake will smoke\\\") was often used in Brazil in a context similar to \\\"when pigs fly\\\". As a result, the soldiers of\",\n \"title\": \"Brazilian Expeditionary Force\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4170071\",\n \"text\": \"of Angels\\\" by Thirty Seconds to Mars. White has had the longstanding nickname \\\"The Flying Tomato\\\", due to his shock of red hair. In 2006, \\\"Rolling Stone\\\" wrote about the nickname, saying, \\\"he used to embrace it, even wearing headbands with a flying-tomato logo, but he has grown tired of it.\\\" He has also been nicknamed \\\"animal\\\", a reference to a character from \\\"The Muppet Show\\\". In February 2009, Red Bull built White a halfpipe completely out of natural snow in the back country of Colorado on the backside of Silverton Mountain, coordinates (37.838801,-107.710299). On September 17, 2012, White was\",\n \"title\": \"Shaun White\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16286994\",\n \"text\": \"of Manhattan when he encounters members of an alien race called the Kraang. During an altercation with these aliens, Yoshi and the turtles are exposed to the Kraang's chemical, called mutagen, which causes organic beings to undergo major physical transformations. Yoshi takes on characteristics of a brown rat and the turtles take on human characteristics. Yoshi retreats to the New York City sewers where he raises the four turtles as his sons and imparts to them his knowledge of ninjutsu. Now teenagers, the turtles (Leonardo, Raphael, Donatello and Michelangelo) venture to the surface for the first time and learn that\",\n \"title\": \"Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (2012 TV series)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12589502\",\n \"text\": \"Henson's Creature Shop. The first sequel, titled \\\"\\\", expands on the Turtles' origin story while claiming the distinction as Vanilla Ice's film debut. The film was dedicated to puppeteer Jim Henson. It also introduced the Turtles' human friend Keno (Ernie Reyes Jr.) and Shredder's mutant henchmen Tokka and Rahzar. This film was internationally released by 20th Century Fox. The third film in the series, \\\"Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles III\\\", features Elias Koteas reprising his role as Casey Jones. The plot revolves around the \\\"Sacred Sands of Time\\\", a mystical scepter which transports the Turtles and April back in time to\",\n \"title\": \"Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (film series)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6463472\",\n \"text\": \"Hooah Hooah is a battle cry used by soldiers in the U.S. Army and airmen in the U.S. Air Force. Originally spelled \\\"Hough\\\", the battle cry was first used by members of the 2nd Cavalry Regiment during the Second Seminole War in 1841, after Seminole chief Coacoochee toasted officers of the regiment with a loud \\\"Hough!\\\", apparently a corruption of \\\"How d'ye do!\\\" Since WWII, the word has been widely used throughout the US Army and gained a more general meaning of \\\"anything and everything except 'no'. It is comparable to Oorah (Marines) in the United States Marine Corps, and\",\n \"title\": \"Hooah\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"286990\",\n \"text\": \"Great to Be Here' and creates one of the few anti-Gulf War protest songs of the era, transforming [ U.S. President George H. W. ] Bush's speech into a pop hook ('Regrettably, we now believe/ That only force will make him leave') and interspersing quotes from Jello Biafra ('don't hate the media, become the media!') and Mario Savio's famous 1964 address to the Berkeley Free Speech Movement\\\". Between 1994 and 1997 Ninja explored and defined the instrumental hip hop beats sound further (often known as trip hop). Its pioneering influence on the genre became more prevalent with the label's first\",\n \"title\": \"Ninja Tune\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10001434\",\n \"text\": \"Donald Duck allegedly shouts \\\"F**k you!\\\" yet in Clarence Nash's semi intelligible voice, he actually says \\\"Says who?\\\", which is made clear by the spring's reply - \\\"Says I!\\\" Additionally the Motion Picture Production Code, popularly known as the \\\"Hays Code,\\\" adopted in 1934, would never have allowed the language in the first place. Due to this controversy, when the cartoon was included on the \\\"Walt Disney Treasures\\\" DVD set \\\"Mickey Mouse in Living Color,\\\" Donald's line was redubbed as \\\"Awww, nuts!\\\", which was originally said in On Ice. However, the DVD release of \\\"Have a Laugh!, Volume 2\\\" contains\",\n \"title\": \"Walt Disney Treasures: Wave One\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13005989\",\n \"text\": \"the Golden Claws\\\" when the Captain storms towards a party of Berber raiders yelling expressions like \\\"jellyfish\\\", \\\"troglodyte\\\" and \\\"ectoplasm\\\". This use of colourful insults proved successful and was a mainstay in subsequent books. Hergé started collecting these types of words for use in Haddock's outbursts, and on occasion even searched dictionaries to come up with inspiration. As a result, Captain Haddock's colourful insults began to include \\\"bashi-bazouk\\\", \\\"visigoths\\\", \\\"kleptomaniac\\\", \\\"sea gherkin\\\", \\\"anacoluthon\\\", \\\"pockmark\\\", \\\"nincompoop\\\", \\\"abominable snowman\\\", \\\"nitwits\\\", \\\"scoundrels\\\", \\\"steam rollers\\\", \\\"parasites\\\", \\\"vegetarians\\\", \\\"floundering oath\\\", \\\"carpet seller\\\", \\\"blundering Bazookas\\\", \\\"Popinjay\\\", \\\"bragger\\\", \\\"pinheads\\\", \\\"miserable slugs\\\", \\\"ectomorph\\\", \\\"maniacs\\\", \\\"pickled herring\\\"; \\\"freshwater swabs\\\",\",\n \"title\": \"Captain Haddock\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6892423\",\n \"text\": \"line 270 of \\\"Julius Caesar\\\" (1599), by William Shakespeare: \\\"Cry, 'Havoc!', and let slip the dogs of war\\\". Forsyth draws upon his journalistic experiences in reporting the 1970 Biafran War between Biafra and Nigeria; though fictional, the African 'Republic of Zangaro', is based upon Equatorial Guinea, a former Spanish colony. The novel's dedication to five men named Giorgio, Christian, Schlee, Big Marc and Black Johnny and \\\"the others in the unmarked graves\\\" concludes: \\\"at least we tried\\\"—and clearly alludes to Forsyth's time in Biafra; the dark tone and cynical plot of the story stem from the same source. 1970: The\",\n \"title\": \"The Dogs of War (novel)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8169376\",\n \"text\": \"toward the dam and they explode and demolish it. Finally fed up with Bugs, Jacque fires his rifle into the waterfall not knowing Bugs is not there, thinking he has killed off his nemesis once and for all (\\\"So much for crazee seek rahbeet! Bah!\\\"). Nearby, Bugs - at his carrot garden - sees that his record player has been destroyed by Jacque's gunfire. Although mad at first, Bugs calmly declares his famous line: \\\"Of course you know, this means war.\\\" Later, a triumphant Jacque boasts about his new steel dam, but quickly finds out that \\\"his\\\" water supply has\",\n \"title\": \"Wet Hare\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"544137\",\n \"text\": \"three times before it found an audience. Once the product started selling, the show got syndicated and picked up and backed by Group W, which funded the next round of animation. The show then went network, on CBS. Accompanied by the popular \\\"Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles\\\" 1987 TV series, and the subsequent action figure line, \\\"Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles\\\" became a mainstream success. At the height of the frenzy, in the late 1980s and early 1990s, the Turtles' likenesses could be found on a wide range of children's merchandise, from Pez dispensers to skateboards, breakfast cereal, video games, school supplies,\",\n \"title\": \"Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"compressed_ctxs_1":{"kind":"string","value":"{\n \"compressed_prompt\": \"Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\\n\\ntitle: The Great Money Caper context: on The Magic Castle, a nightclub in the Hollywood district of Los Angeles, California. Marge's line \\\"I didn't say that for clapping\\\" is a reference to a speech given by John Wayne while he was intoxicated. Homer wants to buy a singing rubber fish after their first con. At the end of the episode, Bart exclaims “Cowabunga!”, a catch-phrase of the main characters in the animated television series \\\"Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles\\\". In the scene where Grampa joins Bart and Homer, Grampa mentions the film \\\"The Sting II\\\". In its original American broadcast on December 10, 2000, \\\"The Great Money\\n\\n\\\"What is the origin of the expression \\\"\\\"Cowabunga!\\\"\\\"--the war cry of the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles? A :It was the greeting exchanged by Buffalo Bob Smith and Chief Thunderthud on the \\\"\\\"Howdy Doody\\\"\\\"\\\"\",\n \"compressed_tokens\": 234,\n \"origin_tokens\": 234,\n \"ratio\": \"1.0x\",\n \"saving\": \", Saving $0.0 in GPT-4.\"\n}"},"compressed_ctxs_100":{"kind":"string","value":"{\n \"compressed_prompt\": \"Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\\n\\ntitle: Salad days context: plan. \\\"You may find this hard to believe, but in my salad days, my crowning glory was a bright shock of strawberry blonde curls.\\\" Mr. Burns goes on to say that he can empathise with Homer's experience with male pattern baldness. In a season 3 episode of \\\"Red vs. Blue\\\" a zealot delivers a diatribe for his team's lost flag, claiming that the \\\"days of salad and glory\\\" are over. The 1996 film \\\"Independence Day\\\" contains the line \\\"Are the salad days over for President Whitmore?\\\" Episode 33 of the television series \\\"Monty Python's Flying Circus\\\" is called \\\"Salad Days\\\",\\n\\ntitle:oper (pol rank) context the state police are promoted to Trooper The title of address is \\\"Tro\\\". commonly used in the United States associated with duties of a Game W Currently this title is used in states of Oregon and Alaska. forces had officers termed troop, typically mounted police. For example, the classic Australian folk song Waltzing Matilda contains the line \\\"\\\"Down came the troop, one, two,,\\\"\\\" referring three mounted police had come to arrest the swagman. The term is no longer in current usage in Australia Trooper (pol rank)\\n\\n: Edwardan \\\"ay Kids! Is?\\\", which chronicled the of \\\"The Howdy Do Show\\\", Kean with writing the show's theme as program' \\\"chief philosopher theetic his the show, he scriptalmost line and s characters such as Clarab Clown and Princess Summerfall Winter, conce of How Doody48 run President of the United.ined the wordkawong\\\" a greeting the character Chiefunderthud, which was adopted surfers as \\\"cowabunga\\\" and popularizedopy, the Teenage Mutant\\n\\nen): season. two were was changed to \\\"\\\" the. In, episodes were original form. the phrases such as \\\"Let's kick some shell!\\\" and \\\"Bummer!\\\" were removed from the episodes (the latter may relate to a British slang term for anal sex). The series \\\"\\\" was also referred to as Hero Turtles, possibly using the term \\\"hero\\\" to separate the television series from the live action movies. The 2003 television series,\\n\\n\\\"What is the origin of the expression \\\"\\\"Cowabunga!\\\"\\\"--the war cry of the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles? A :It was the greeting exchanged by Buffalo Bob Smith and Chief Thunderthud on the \\\"\\\"Howdy Doody\\\"\\\"\\\"\",\n \"compressed_tokens\": 548,\n \"origin_tokens\": 15858,\n \"ratio\": \"28.9x\",\n \"saving\": \", Saving $0.9 in GPT-4.\"\n}"}}},{"rowIdx":276,"cells":{"id":{"kind":"number","value":276,"string":"276"},"question":{"kind":"string","value":"How many times did Ernest Hemingway revise the last page of A Farewell To Arms?"},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["39 times"],"string":"[\n \"39 times\"\n]","isConversational":false},"target":{"kind":"string","value":"39 times"},"ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"id":"121484","text":"when he received a cable telling him that his father had killed himself. Hemingway was devastated, having earlier written to his father telling him not to worry about financial difficulties; the letter arrived minutes after the suicide. He realized how Hadley must have felt after her own father's suicide in 1903, and he commented, \"I'll probably go the same way.\" Upon his return to Key West in December, Hemingway worked on the draft of \"A Farewell to Arms\" before leaving for France in January. He had finished it in August but delayed the revision. The serialization in \"Scribner's Magazine\" was","title":"Ernest Hemingway"},{"id":"121485","text":"scheduled to begin in May, but as late as April, Hemingway was still working on the ending, which he may have rewritten as many as seventeen times. The completed novel was published on September 27. Biographer James Mellow believes \"A Farewell to Arms\" established Hemingway's stature as a major American writer and displayed a level of complexity not apparent in \"The Sun Also Rises\". In Spain in mid-1929, Hemingway researched his next work, \"Death in the Afternoon\". He wanted to write a comprehensive treatise on bullfighting, explaining the \"toreros\" and \"corridas\" complete with glossaries and appendices, because he believed bullfighting","title":"Ernest Hemingway"},{"id":"710066","text":"in which Hemingway re-inserted the censored text by hand, so as to provide a corrected text. One of these copies was presented to Maurice Coindreau; the other, to James Joyce. Hemingway's corrected text has not been incorporated into modern published editions of the novel; however, there are some audiobook versions that are uncensored. Also, the novel could not be published in Italy until 1948 because the Fascist regime considered it detrimental to the honor of the Armed Forces, both in its description of the Battle of Caporetto, and for a certain anti-militarism implied in the work. More than one biographer","title":"A Farewell to Arms"},{"id":"710069","text":"has also been the target of various controversy. Upon its flimsy publication—due to the medium of its release—through Scriber's Magazine, it was banned from Boston newsstands due to accusations of a pornographic nature, despite Hemingway's deliberate exclusion of graphic descriptions of sex, using omission as a literary device. The novel was first adapted for the stage by Laurence Stallings in 1930, then as a film in 1932, with a 1957 remake. A three-part television miniseries was made in 1966. A Farewell to Arms A Farewell to Arms is a novel by Ernest Hemingway set during the Italian campaign of World","title":"A Farewell to Arms"},{"id":"710068","text":"dictionary–held upside down. The Italian translation had in fact already been prepared illegally in 1943 by Fernanda Pivano, leading to her arrest in Turin. A Farewell to Arms was met with favorable criticism and is considered one of Hemingway's best literary works. Gore Vidal wrote of the text: \"... a work of ambition, in which can be seen the beginning of the careful, artful, immaculate idiocy of tone that since has marked ... [Hemingway's] prose.\" The last line of the 1929 \"New York Times\" review reads: \"It is a moving and beautiful book.\" However, since publication, A Farewell to Arms","title":"A Farewell to Arms"},{"id":"710056","text":"A Farewell to Arms A Farewell to Arms is a novel by Ernest Hemingway set during the Italian campaign of World War I. First published in 1929, it is a first-person account of an American, Frederic Henry, serving as a lieutenant (\"tenente\") in the ambulance corps of the Italian Army. The title is taken from a poem by the 16th-century English dramatist George Peele. The novel, set against the backdrop of World War I, describes a love affair between the expatriate Henry and an English nurse, Catherine Barkley. Its publication ensured Hemingway's place as a modern American writer of considerable","title":"A Farewell to Arms"},{"id":"1039899","text":"known as the Winter White House as Truman stayed there mostly in the winter months, and used it for official business such as the Truman Doctrine. Dwight D. Eisenhower stayed at the Little White House following a heart attack in 1955. John F. Kennedy visited Key West in March 1961, and in November 1962, a month after the resolution of the Cuban Missile Crisis. Jimmy Carter visited the Little White House twice with his family after he had left office, in 1996 and 2007. Legend has it that Ernest Hemingway wrote part of \"A Farewell to Arms\" while living above","title":"Key West"},{"id":"121456","text":"his works are considered classics of American literature. Hemingway was raised in Oak Park, Illinois. After high school, he reported for a few months for \"The Kansas City Star\" before leaving for the Italian Front to enlist as an ambulance driver in World War I. In 1918, he was seriously wounded and returned home. His wartime experiences formed the basis for his novel \"A Farewell to Arms\" (1929). In 1921, he married Hadley Richardson, the first of what would be four wives. The couple moved to Paris, where he worked as a foreign correspondent and fell under the influence of","title":"Ernest Hemingway"},{"id":"710064","text":"section as Hemingway was writing the scene about Catherine Barkley's childbirth. The novel was first serialized in \"Scribner's Magazine\" in the May 1929 to October 1929 issues. The book was published in September 1929 with a first edition print-run of approximately 31,000 copies. The success of \"A Farewell to Arms\" made Hemingway financially independent. \"The Hemingway Library Edition\" was released in July 2012, with a dust jacket facsimile of the first edition. The newly published edition presents an appendix with the many alternate endings Hemingway wrote for the novel in addition to pieces from early draft manuscripts. The JFK Library","title":"A Farewell to Arms"},{"id":"11404327","text":"A Farewell to Arms (1957 film) A Farewell to Arms is a 1957 American DeLuxe Color CinemaScope drama film directed by Charles Vidor. The screenplay by Ben Hecht, based in part on a 1930 play by Laurence Stallings, was the second feature film adaptation of Ernest Hemingway's 1929 semi-autobiographical novel of the same name. It was the last film produced by David O. Selznick. An earlier film version starred Gary Cooper and Helen Hayes. Frederick Henry (Rock Hudson) is an American officer serving in an ambulance unit for the Italian Army during World War I. While recovering from a wound","title":"A Farewell to Arms (1957 film)"},{"id":"7278477","text":"November 19, 1922 the first editor of the magazine, Edward L. Burlingame died. On January 1928 the magazine had a change in format, with the first of the newly formatted issue having a cover design by Rockwell Kent. The June 1929 issue was banned in Boston, Massachusetts due to the article \"A Farewell to Arms\" by Ernest Hemingway. The article was deemed salacious by the public and Boston police barred the magazine from book stands. Charles Scribner's Sons issued the statement that: In 1930 the magazine's editor, Robert Bridges, retired to become a literary adviser for the firm and associate","title":"Scribner's Magazine"},{"id":"1074559","text":"and Overhill Road. They were conceived by landscape architect S. Herbert Hare in 1924. In 1928 Ernest Hemingway and his pregnant wife, Pauline, stayed at the house of W. Malcolm and Ruth Lowry at 6435 Indian Lane. During this time, Hemingway wrote \"A Farewell to Arms\". He later gave an autographed copy of the book to Don Carlos Guffey, the Kansas City doctor who delivered his son Patrick. The inscription, which is now in the University of Missouri-Kansas City library, said \"...with much admiration and grateful remembrance of a Caesarean that was beautifully done and turned out splendidly.\"\" Mission Hills","title":"Mission Hills, Kansas"},{"id":"2275744","text":"was in its eighth printing. In 1927 the novel was published in the UK by Jonathan Cape, titled \"Fiesta\", without the two epigraphs. Two decades later, in 1947, Scribner's released three of Hemingway's works as a boxed set, including \"The Sun Also Rises\", \"A Farewell to Arms\", and \"For Whom the Bell Tolls\". By 1983, \"The Sun Also Rises\" had been in print continuously since its publication in 1926, and was likely one of the most translated titles in the world. At that time Scribner's began to print cheaper mass-market paperbacks of the book, in addition to the more expensive","title":"The Sun Also Rises"},{"id":"469917","text":"memories many harbored of the horrors of World War I. A major seller was \"All Quiet on the Western Front\" by Erich Maria Remarque. Remarque was a German who had fought in the war at age eighteen and been wounded in the Third Battle of Ypres. He stated that he intended the book to tell the story \"of a generation of men who, even though they may have escaped its shells, were destroyed by the war.\" Another 1929 book reflecting on World War I was Ernest Hemingway's \"A Farewell to Arms\", as well as \"Good-Bye to All That\" by Robert","title":"1929"},{"id":"4517001","text":"to them which were promptly returned, eliciting a letter from Hemingway, who complained, \"I wonder what was the matter, whether the pictures were too accurate and the attitude toward life not sufficiently distorted to please who ever bought the book or what?\" \"In Our Time\" was ignored and forgotten by literary critics for decades. Benson attributes the neglect to various factors. \"The Sun Also Rises\", published the next year, is considered the more important book followed fairly rapidly by the popular \"A Farewell to Arms\" two years after in 1928; critics' general assumption seemed to be that Hemingway's talent lay","title":"In Our Time (short story collection)"},{"id":"16316150","text":"Darwinian evolution.\" Charles Darwin's \"On the Origin of Species\" was soon after banned in parts of America, notably Tennessee. The Tennessee ban remained on the books until 1967, \"when the Supreme Court declared it in conflict with the First and Fourteenth Amendments\". The banning of books became more prevalent during the twentieth century as modernist and progressive writers such as James Joyce, Theodore Dreiser, Ernest Hemingway, F. Scott Fitzgerald, and John Steinbeck began their literary careers. These authors did not refrain from revealing their opinions about controversial subject matter. For example, Hemingway's \"A Farewell to Arms\" depicts the grim realities","title":"Book censorship in the United States"},{"id":"1836025","text":"War- (1929) and \"Behind the Lines\" (1930). Morris served in the British army during the war. \"A Farewell to Arms\" is a novel by Ernest Hemingway set during the Italian campaign of World War I. The book, published in 1929, is a first-person account of American Frederic Henry, serving as a lieutenant (\"Tenente\") in the ambulance corps of the Italian Army. The novel is about a love affair between the expatriate American Henry and Catherine Barkley against the backdrop of World War I, cynical soldiers, fighting and the displacement of populations. The publication of \"A Farewell to Arms\" cemented Hemingway's","title":"World War I in literature"},{"id":"710057","text":"stature. The book became his first best-seller, and has been called \"the premier American war novel from that debacle World War I.\" The novel has been adapted a number of times, initially for the stage in 1930; as a film in 1932 and again in 1957, and as a three-part television miniseries in 1966. The 1996 film \"In Love and War\", directed by Richard Attenborough and starring Chris O'Donnell and Sandra Bullock, depicts Hemingway's life in Italy as an ambulance driver in the events prior to his writing of \"A Farewell to Arms\". The novel is divided into five sections.","title":"A Farewell to Arms"},{"id":"6647775","text":"(\"All Quiet on the Western Front\") was a massive, worldwide bestseller, not least for its brutally realistic account of the horrors of trench warfare from the perspective of a German infantryman. Less well known but equally shocking in its account of the horrors of trench warfare is the earlier Stratis Myrivilis' Greek novel \"Life in the Tomb\", which was first published in serialised form in the weekly newspaper \"Kambana\" (April 1923 – January 1924), and then in revised and much expanded form in 1930. Also significant were Ernest Hemingway's \"A Farewell to Arms\" (1929), Richard Aldington's \"Death of a Hero\"","title":"War novel"},{"id":"9616314","text":"Pfeiffer House and Carriage House The Hemingway-Pfeiffer House, also known as the Pfeiffer House and Carriage House, is a historic house museum at 10th and Cherry Streets in Piggott, Arkansas. It is where novelist Ernest Hemingway wrote portions of his novel, \"A Farewell to Arms\". Hemingway was married to Pauline Pfeiffer, the daughter of the owners of the house, Paul and Mary Pfeiffer. Pauline Pfeiffer, Hemingway's second wife, had grown up in the home. Her uncle Gustavus Pfeiffer was a benefactor of the couple, even financing an African safari trip that inspired Hemingway's \"The Green Hills of Africa\". Hemingway did","title":"Pfeiffer House and Carriage House"},{"id":"1013327","text":"After meeting and marrying in Paris in the late 1920s, Hemingway and Pauline made frequent and lengthy visits to her parents' home in Piggott, where Ernest Hemingway wrote portions of \"A Farewell to Arms\", and other works. The Pfeiffer House and Carriage House are now preserved as the Hemingway-Pfeiffer Museum and Educational Center, run by Arkansas State University. The town was mentioned in the 1990s television sitcom \"Evening Shade\", set in Arkansas. The high school football team coached by \"Wood Newton\" (played by Burt Reynolds) celebrated when it tied Piggott High in a game, which it almost always lost. Piggott","title":"Piggott, Arkansas"},{"id":"14277010","text":"and was familiar with the events of Africa during that year, which he describes in the \"Foreword\" to \"True at First Light\". Hemingway contributed an introduction to the 1990 \"Green Hills of Africa\"; the 1991 \"Valley of Life: Africa's Great Rift\"; the 2003\" Hemingway on Hunting\"; the 2003 \"Hemingway on War\"; and a \"foreword\" to the 2009 republished edition of his father's \"A Moveable Feast\". For the 2012 special edition of \"A Farewell to Arms\", containing all forty-seven alternative endings, Patrick wrote a personal foreword. His nephew, grandson of Ernest Hemingway, Seán Hemingway wrote the introduction. Patrick Hemingway Patrick Miller","title":"Patrick Hemingway"},{"id":"2201589","text":"character Professor Burris in \"Walden Two\", who is in a confused mood of desperation, lack of orientation, irresolution and indecision. (Prentice Hall 1976, Chapter 31, p. 266). This line is also quoted in Ernest Hemingway's novel \"A Farewell to Arms\", as in Arthur C. Clarke's short story, \"The Ultimate Melody\". The same line appears in full in the opening minutes of Michael Powell and Emeric Pressburger's \"A Matter of Life and Death\" (1946), spoken by the protagonist, pilot and poet Peter Carter: 'But at my back I always hear / Time's wingèd chariot hurrying near; And yonder all before us","title":"To His Coy Mistress"},{"id":"767381","text":"Morning, Miss Dove\" (1955), opposite Robert Stack, followed by a lead role opposite Gregory Peck in \"The Man in the Gray Flannel Suit\", a drama about a World War II veteran. In 1957, she starred as the poet Elizabeth Barrett Browning in the historical drama \"The Barretts of Wimpole Street\", based on the 1930 play by Rudolf Besier. She followed this with a lead in the Ernest Hemingway adaptation \"A Farewell to Arms\" (1957), opposite Rock Hudson. The film received mixed reviews, with \"Variety\" noting that \"the relationship between Rock Hudson and Jennifer Jones never takes on real dimensions.\" Jones's","title":"Jennifer Jones"},{"id":"15329555","text":"A Farewell to Alms A Farewell to Alms: A Brief Economic History of the World is a 2007 book about economic history by Gregory Clark. It is published by Princeton University Press. The book's title is a pun on Ernest Hemingway's novel, \"A Farewell to Arms\". The book discusses the divide between rich and poor nations that came about as a result of the Industrial Revolution in terms of the evolution of particular behaviours that Clark claims first occurred in Britain. Prior to 1790, Clark asserts that man faced a Malthusian trap: new technology enabled greater productivity and more food,","title":"A Farewell to Alms"},{"id":"17372959","text":"could remember all the pictures.\" Aldous Huxley caused a minor literary dispute when he made derisive remarks about Hemingway's allusion to the \"bitter nail holes\" of Mantegna's \"Dead Christ\" in \"A Farewell to Arms\"; Hemingway shot back by saying that the characters the writer makes must genuinely be interested in the art, clearly explaining, \"A writer who appreciates the seriousness of writing so little that he is anxious to make the reader see he is formally educated, cultured and well-bred is merely a pop-in-jay.\" Of the six references to Mantegna in the entire Hemingway canon, two occur in \"The Revolutionist\".","title":"The Revolutionist"},{"id":"710063","text":"in Italy, which were later used as inspiration. Michael Reynolds, however, writes that Hemingway was not involved in the battles described. Because his previous novel, \"The Sun Also Rises\", had been written as a \"roman à clef\", readers assumed \"A Farewell to Arms\" to be autobiographical. \"A Farewell to Arms\" was begun during his time at Willis M. Spear's guest ranch in Wyoming's Bighorns. Some pieces of the novel were written in Piggott, Arkansas, at the home of his then wife Pauline Pfeiffer, and in Mission Hills, Kansas while she was awaiting delivery of their baby. Pauline underwent a caesarean","title":"A Farewell to Arms"},{"id":"9616316","text":"also includes the Matilda and Karl Pfeiffer Education Center, a Tudor-style home where Pauline's brother and his wife lived before it was opened to the public in 2004. Pfeiffer House and Carriage House The Hemingway-Pfeiffer House, also known as the Pfeiffer House and Carriage House, is a historic house museum at 10th and Cherry Streets in Piggott, Arkansas. It is where novelist Ernest Hemingway wrote portions of his novel, \"A Farewell to Arms\". Hemingway was married to Pauline Pfeiffer, the daughter of the owners of the house, Paul and Mary Pfeiffer. Pauline Pfeiffer, Hemingway's second wife, had grown up in","title":"Pfeiffer House and Carriage House"},{"id":"1940935","text":"Rises\", in 1926. Perkins fought for it over objections to Hemingway's profanity raised by traditionalists in the firm. The commercial success of Hemingway's next novel, \"A Farewell to Arms\" (1929), which topped the best-seller list, silenced colleagues' questions about Perkins' editorial judgment. The greatest professional challenge Perkins faced was posed by Thomas Wolfe's lack of artistic self-discipline. Wolfe wrote voluminously and was greatly attached to each sentence he wrote. After a tremendous struggle, Perkins induced Wolfe to cut 90,000 words from his first novel, \"Look Homeward, Angel\" (1929). His next, \"Of Time and the River\" (1935), was the result of","title":"Maxwell Perkins"},{"id":"194150","text":"copy F. Scott Fitzgerald's \"The Great Gatsby\" and Ernest Hemingway's \"A Farewell to Arms\" in order to learn about the writing styles of the authors. In 1959 \"Time\" fired him for insubordination. Later that year he worked as a reporter for \"The Middletown Daily Record\" in Middletown, New York. He was fired from this job after damaging an office candy machine and arguing with the owner of a local restaurant who happened to be an advertiser with the paper. In 1960, Thompson moved to San Juan, Puerto Rico, to take a job with the sporting magazine \"El Sportivo\", which folded","title":"Hunter S. Thompson"},{"id":"7942285","text":"the same year she completed her first translation, the Italian edition of the \"Spoon River Anthology\" by Edgar Lee Masters for Einaudi. In 1948, Pivano met Ernest Hemingway. It turned out to be the beginning of an intense professional relationship and friendship that would last until Hemingway's death in 1961. In 1949 Mondadori published her translation of Hemingway's \"A Farewell to Arms\". In the same year Pivano married designer and architect Ettore Sottsass and moved to Milan, where she would live for the rest of her life. Pivano made her first trip to the United States in 1956 and throughout","title":"Fernanda Pivano"},{"id":"6646284","text":"German periodicals. The same year, Harrison made headlines in \"The New York Times\" when he was arrested en route to Nicaragua, where he planned to interview the Nicaraguan dissident General Augusto César Sandino. In 1930, after such anti-war books as Robert Graves's \"Goodbye to All That\", Ernest Hemingway's \"A Farewell to Arms\", and Erich Maria Remarque's \"All Quiet on the Western Front\" (all published in 1929) became bestsellers, publishers took an interest in \"Generals Die in Bed\", many elements of which resembled the other books. Harrison, who was working as a copy editor on the \"Bronx Home News\" was propelled","title":"Charles Yale Harrison"},{"id":"11005534","text":"A Farewell to Arms (1932 film) A Farewell to Arms is a 1932 American pre-Code romance drama film directed by Frank Borzage and starring Helen Hayes, Gary Cooper, and Adolphe Menjou. Based on the 1929 semi-autobiographical novel \"A Farewell to Arms\" by Ernest Hemingway, with a screenplay by Oliver H.P. Garrett and Benjamin Glazer, the film is about a romantic love affair between an American ambulance driver and an English nurse in Italy during World War I. The film received Academy Awards for Best Cinematography and Best Sound, and was nominated for Best Picture and Best Art Direction. In 1960,","title":"A Farewell to Arms (1932 film)"},{"id":"11005526","text":"A Farewell to Arms (1932 film) A Farewell to Arms is a 1932 American pre-Code romance drama film directed by Frank Borzage and starring Helen Hayes, Gary Cooper, and Adolphe Menjou. Based on the 1929 semi-autobiographical novel \"A Farewell to Arms\" by Ernest Hemingway, with a screenplay by Oliver H.P. Garrett and Benjamin Glazer, the film is about a romantic love affair between an American ambulance driver and an English nurse in Italy during World War I. The film received Academy Awards for Best Cinematography and Best Sound, and was nominated for Best Picture and Best Art Direction. In 1960,","title":"A Farewell to Arms (1932 film)"},{"id":"10342346","text":"the far-flung locations associated with Hemingway, and a two-page tabular summary of Hemingway's life. Michael Palin starts the book by telling of his own introduction to Hemingway's writing, reading \"A Farewell to Arms\", \"For Whom the Bell Tolls\", and \"The Old Man and the Sea\" when he was only 13. But a fascination with Hemingway's authorship is not necessary to appreciate this trip, as it can be simply considered to be an exciting trip following in the footsteps of an exciting person. The trip was done in 1999, 100 years after Hemingway's birth in 1899. The text of this book","title":"Hemingway Adventure (book)"},{"id":"2745007","text":"Strike of 1922 by the socialists was referred to by Mussolini as the \"Caporetto of Italian Socialism\". Many years after the war, Caporetto was still being used to destroy the credibility of the liberal state. The Battle of Caporetto has been the subject of a number of books. The Swedish author F.J. Nordstedt (pseud. Christian Braw) wrote about the battle in his novel \"Caporetto\". The bloody aftermath of Caporetto was vividly described by Ernest Hemingway in his novel \"A Farewell to Arms\". Curzio Malaparte wrote an excoriation of the battle in his first book, \"Viva Caporetto\", published in 1921. It","title":"Battle of Caporetto"},{"id":"11005531","text":"is given all of her romantic love letters, marked \"Return to Sender\". She is taken to the hospital, where her child is delivered stillborn. She herself is in grave danger. Frederic arrives, and just as an armistice between Italy and Austria-Hungary is announced, Catherine tragically dies, with him at her side. In his review in \"The New York Times\", Mordaunt Hall wrote, \"There is too much sentiment and not enough strength in the pictorial conception of Ernest Hemingway's novel ... the film account skips too quickly from one episode to another and the hardships and other experiences of Lieutenant Henry","title":"A Farewell to Arms (1932 film)"},{"id":"10910659","text":"Under Kilimanjaro Under Kilimanjaro is a non-fiction novel by Ernest Hemingway (July 21, 1899 – July 2, 1961), edited and published posthumously by Robert W. Lewis and Robert E. Fleming. It is based upon journals that he wrote while he was on his last safari. It is a longer and re-edited version of \"True at First Light\". In 2007, it won the Eric Hoffer Award for Best Academic Press. \"True at First Light\" was published in 1999. The book was presented as a \"fictional memoir\". Six years later the work was republished a second time as \"Under Kilimanjaro\". The work","title":"Under Kilimanjaro"},{"id":"6147993","text":"monthly Italian science fiction magazine that contributed to the wider diffusion of this genre in Italy. In 1960 Mondadori launched Il Club degli Editori, the first Italian mail-order book club and in 1965 became the first Italian publishing house to launch low-cost paperbacks for sale through newsstands (Oscar Mondadori), an experiment that will be a huge success and that will be imitated by many publishers. The aim of the series was to reach an audience not used to buying in bookshops. The first novel published was A Farewell to Arms by Ernest Hemingway, who immediately experienced great results in terms","title":"Arnoldo Mondadori Editore"},{"id":"832813","text":"For Whom the Bell Tolls For Whom the Bell Tolls is a novel by Ernest Hemingway published in 1940. It tells the story of Robert Jordan, a young American in the International Brigades attached to a republican guerrilla unit during the Spanish Civil War. As a dynamiter, he is assigned to blow up a bridge during an attack on the city of Segovia. The novel is regarded as one of Hemingway's best works, along with \"The Sun Also Rises\", \"A Farewell to Arms\", and \"The Old Man and the Sea\". Ernest Hemingway wrote \"For Whom the Bell Tolls\" in Havana,","title":"For Whom the Bell Tolls"},{"id":"13575393","text":"Too Close to the Sun Too Close to the Sun is a musical with a book by Roberto Trippini and music and lyrics by Trippini and John Robinson, based on a play by Ron Read. The musical is a fictionalized account of the last days in the life of Ernest Hemingway. \"Too Close to the Sun\" began previews at the Comedy Theatre in the West End on 16 July 2009 and officially opened on 24 July. It received uniformly unfavourable reviews and closed on 8 August, bringing its planned eight-week run to an end six weeks early. Directed by Pat","title":"Too Close to the Sun"},{"id":"17792435","text":"1907: 1908: 1909: 1910: 1911: 1912: 1913: 1914: 1915: 1917: 1918: 1920: 1921: 1922: 1923: 1925: 1926: 1927: 1928: 1929: 1930: 1931: 1932: 1933: 1934: 1935: 1936: 1937: 1938: 1940: 1941: 1942: 1943: 1945: 1946: 1947: 1949: 1950: 1951: 1955: 1957: 1959: 1962: 1963: 1964: 1965: 1966: 1969: 1970: 1971: 1972: 1975: 1976: 1977: 1978: 1979: 1980: 1982: 1983: 1984: 1987: 1988: 1994: 1996: 2001: 2005–2006: 2006: 2011: 2013: 2016: Timeline of women's education This is a timeline of women's education. 1237 1239 1608 1636 1639 1644 1674 1678 1685 1727 1732 1742 1751 1783 1786 1787 1788 1803 1818","title":"Timeline of women's education"},{"id":"10910660","text":"is based on a partially written manuscript, and is about Hemingway's second trip to Africa. \"Under Kilimanjaro\" was edited by Robert W. Lewis and Robert E. Fleming who state: “this book deserves as complete and faithful a publication as possible without editorial distortion, speculation, or textually unsupported attempts at improvement.” Under Kilimanjaro Under Kilimanjaro is a non-fiction novel by Ernest Hemingway (July 21, 1899 – July 2, 1961), edited and published posthumously by Robert W. Lewis and Robert E. Fleming. It is based upon journals that he wrote while he was on his last safari. It is a longer and","title":"Under Kilimanjaro"},{"id":"2490280","text":"The Dangerous Summer The Dangerous Summer is a nonfiction book by Ernest Hemingway published posthumously in 1985 and written in 1959 and 1960. The book describes the rivalry between bullfighters Luis Miguel Dominguín and his brother-in-law, Antonio Ordóñez, during the \"dangerous summer\" of 1959. It has been cited as Hemingway's last book. \"The Dangerous Summer\" is an edited version of a 75,000-word manuscript Hemingway wrote between October 1959 and May 1960 as an assignment from \"LIFE Magazine\". Hemingway summoned his close friend Will Lang Jr. to come to Spain to deliver the story to \"LIFE Magazine\". The book was edited","title":"The Dangerous Summer"},{"id":"10331319","text":"the book and lyrics for the musical \"Deep River\" (1926), adapted Ernest Hemingway's novel \"A Farewell to Arms\" for the stage in 1930, co-wrote the book for the musicals \"Rainbow\" (1928) with Oscar Hammerstein, and \"Virginia\" (1937) with Owen Davis, and penned the play \"The Streets Are Guarded\" in 1944. He was a member of the Algonquin Round Table. Stallings' novel, the autobiographical \"Plumes\", was published in 1924 and was a huge success, with nine printings in that year alone. It was adapted into King Vidor's \"The Big Parade\", which was quite successful and remained MGM's largest-grossing film until \"Gone","title":"Laurence Stallings"},{"id":"3580043","text":"the landscape go by beneath him. Suddenly, he sees the snow-covered top of Mt. Kilimanjaro, and knows that is where he is bound. Helen wakes up in the middle of the night to a strange hyena cry, and finds Harry unresponsive on his cot. \"The Snows of Kilimanjaro\" is regarded as one of Hemingway's greatest works, holding its own alongside \"The Sun Also Rises\" and \"A Farewell to Arms\". The short story was published in August 1936 in Esquire magazine. A film adaptation of the short story, directed by Henry King, written by Casey Robinson, and starring Gregory Peck as","title":"The Snows of Kilimanjaro (short story)"},{"id":"1598490","text":"the most successful horse trainer in the country. Markham's memoir lingered in obscurity until 1982, when California restaurateur George Gutekunst read a collection of Ernest Hemingway's letters, including one in which Hemingway lavishly praised Markham's writing (if not Markham herself): Intrigued, Gutekunst read \"West with the Night\" and became so enamored of Markham's prose that he helped persuade a California publisher, North Point Press, to re-issue the book in 1983. The re-release of the book launched a remarkable final chapter in the life of the eighty-year-old Markham, who was lauded for her three final years as a great author as","title":"Beryl Markham"},{"id":"4101648","text":"in \"The Waves\". Ernest Hemingway used this poem in his novel, “A Farewell To Arms” (1929). It is also used repeatedly in Marta Randall's book \"Dangerous Games\" (1980). It is mournfully recited by Erika Anderson's cuckold husband Thierry [Judge Reinhold] in the 1991 thriller \"Zandalee\" Thomas Pynchon's first published story, \"The Small Rain\" (1959), takes its title from the poem's second line. The story is reprinted in his collection \"Slow Learner\" (1984). Ernest Hemingway used the poem in \"A Farewell to Arms\" Westron Wynde Westron Wynde is an early 16th-century song whose tune was used as the basis (cantus firmus)","title":"Westron Wynde"},{"id":"710067","text":"suggests that at the base of the censorship of the Fascist regime in the novel there had also been a personal antipathy between the writer and Benito Mussolini. Hemingway had interviewed him in 1923, shortly after he seized power, and in his article in the \"Toronto Star\" he poured scorn on Mussolini, calling him \"the biggest bluff in Europe.\" But, apart from the official reactions, it is known that Mussolini did not like the article at all: Hemingway described Mussolini as trying to impress the media by pretending to be deeply absorbed in reading, while in reality holding a French-English","title":"A Farewell to Arms"},{"id":"17792434","text":"Timeline of women's education This is a timeline of women's education. 1237 1239 1608 1636 1639 1644 1674 1678 1685 1727 1732 1742 1751 1783 1786 1787 1788 1803 1818 1822 1823 1826 1827 1829 1831 1834 1834 1837 1839 1841 1842 1843 1844 1847 1849 1850 1851 1852 1853 1854 1855 1857 1858 1859 1860 1861 1862 1863 1864 1865 1866 1866 1867 1868 1869 1870: 1871 1872: 1873: 1874: 1875: 1876: 1877: 1878: 1878: 1879: 1880: 1881: 1882: 1883: 1885: 1886: 1887: 1889: 1890: 1891: 1892: 1893: 1894: 1895: 1896: 1898: 1900: 1901: 1902: 1903: 1904: 1905: 1906:","title":"Timeline of women's education"},{"id":"2368469","text":"17, henceforth incrementing one letter every 32 pages. [*] on page 307. Signature marks change on the 10th impression: [A*] at the bottom of the Table of Contents; [B] at bottom left of page 33 etc. These signature marks remain unchanged through the 14th impression. Paper weight varies from printing to printing. Generally the earlier impressions are thinner than the later. Measurements exclude the binding and end papers; they start from the half-title page and extend to the last story page. The leaves should be pressed tightly when measuring. Measurements are rounded to the nearest half millimeter. The 5th through","title":"Early American editions of The Hobbit"},{"id":"11404331","text":"afterward. Frederick leaves, shocked, and wanders the empty streets. For many years, David O. Selznick had wanted to film the Hemingway novel, but Warner Bros. owned the property and refused to sell it to him. He found himself in an advantageous bargaining position when Warner Bros. bought the remake rights to \"A Star is Born\", to which he owned the foreign rights. Without them, the studio could not release their intended remake with Judy Garland overseas. Selznick offered to relinquish his rights to \"Star\" in exchange for the rights to \"Farewell\", and Warner Bros. agreed. On October 25, 1956, Selznick","title":"A Farewell to Arms (1957 film)"},{"id":"710061","text":"neutral Switzerland in a rowboat given to him by a barkeep. After interrogation by Swiss authorities, they are allowed to stay in Switzerland. In the final section, Frederic and Catherine live a quiet life in the mountains until she goes into labor. After a long and painful birth, their son is stillborn. Catherine begins to hemorrhage and soon dies, leaving Frederic to return to their hotel in the rain. The novel was based on Hemingway's own experiences serving in the Italian campaigns during the First World War. The inspiration for Catherine Barkley was Agnes von Kurowsky, a nurse who cared","title":"A Farewell to Arms"},{"id":"1039901","text":"bought the 907 Whitehead Street house in 1931 as a wedding present. The Hemingways installed a swimming pool for $20,000 in 1937–38 (equivalent to about $ in ). The unexpectedly high cost prompted Hemingway to put a penny in the wet cement of the patio, saying, \"Here, take the last penny I've got!\" The penny is at the north end of the pool. During his stay he wrote or worked on \"Death in the Afternoon\", \"For Whom the Bell Tolls\", \"The Snows of Kilimanjaro\", and \"The Short Happy Life of Francis Macomber\". He used Depression-era Key West as one of","title":"Key West"},{"id":"121483","text":"him with a prominent forehead scar, which he carried for the rest of his life. When Hemingway was asked about the scar, he was reluctant to answer. After his departure from Paris, Hemingway \"never again lived in a big city\". Hemingway and Pauline traveled to Kansas City, where their son Patrick was born on June 28, 1928. Pauline had a difficult delivery, which Hemingway fictionalized in \"A Farewell to Arms\". After Patrick's birth, Pauline and Hemingway traveled to Wyoming, Massachusetts, and New York. In the winter, he was in New York with Bumby, about to board a train to Florida,","title":"Ernest Hemingway"},{"id":"4395168","text":"at King's College Junior School in London where he found himself at risk from \"drunken, mentally disturbed, sexual predators\" among the staff. Wood graduated from Peterhouse at Cambridge University in 1960 with degrees in economics and law. He did his mandatory military service in Cyprus, which inspired his second novel \"Terrible Hard, Says Alice\". Novelist and fellow future Bond writer William Boyd praised the book, citing it as one of the few convincing examples of accounts of war alongside Ernest Hemingway's \"A Farewell to Arms\" and Joseph Heller's \"Catch-22\". Wood's African experiences inspired two novels: his first, \"Make it Happen","title":"Christopher Wood (writer)"},{"id":"2908568","text":"Trentino-Alto Adige announced that they are to commission a feasibility study to build a new line between Calalzo, Cortina and Toblach. Cortina has attracted many distinguished guests, often inspiring them in their creative work. They include the Italian novelists Dino Buzzati (1906–1972), author of \"The Tartar Steppe\", Goffredo Parise (1929–1986) and Fernanda Pivano (1917–2009). Ernest Hemingway, author of \"A Farewell to Arms\", also arrived in the area in 1918 as a young ambulance driver. Other notable visitors include John Ball (1818–1889), the Irish mountaineer and naturalist who climbed Monte Pelmo in 1857, the Italian mountaineers Emilio Comici (1901–1940), Angelo Dibona","title":"Cortina d'Ampezzo"},{"id":"1621604","text":"the 1920s, and John Dos Passos wrote too about the war. Ernest Hemingway became famous with \"The Sun Also Rises\" and \"A Farewell to Arms\"; in 1954, he won the Nobel Prize in Literature. William Faulkner became one of the greatest American writers with novels like \"The Sound and the Fury\". American poetry reached a peak after World War I with such writers as Wallace Stevens, T. S. Eliot, Robert Frost, Ezra Pound, and E. E. Cummings. American drama attained international status at the time with the works of Eugene O'Neill, who won four Pulitzer Prizes and the Nobel Prize.","title":"American literature"},{"id":"710065","text":"Hemingway collection has two handwritten pages with possible titles for the book. Most of the titles come from \"The Oxford Book of English Verse\". One of the possible titles Hemingway considered was \"In Another Country and Besides\". This comes from \"The Jew of Malta\" by Christopher Marlowe. The poem \"Portrait of a Lady\" by T. S. Eliot also starts off by quoting this Marlowe work: \"Thou hast committed/ Fornication: but that was in another country,/ And besides, the wench is dead.\" Hemingway's library included both works by Eliot and Marlowe. There are at least two copies of the first edition","title":"A Farewell to Arms"},{"id":"2252138","text":"champion, Sir Henry Lee. This is concluded by the sonnet, \"A Farewell to Arms\", quoted by Thackeray in the seventy-sixth chapter of \"The Newcomes\" and which served as the title of Ernest Hemingway's novel of the same name. To \"The Phoenix Nest\" in 1593 he contributed \"The Praise of Chastity\". Peele belonged to the group of university scholars who, in Greene's phrase, \"spent their wits in making playes.\" Greene went on to say that he was \"in some things rarer, in nothing inferior,\" to Christopher Marlowe and Thomas Nashe. This praise was not unfounded. The credit given to Greene and","title":"George Peele"},{"id":"9391988","text":"of Dissent\", \"A Farewell to Arms\" (probably a reference to Ernest Hemingway's novel of the same title, \"A Farewell to Arms\", which is set during the first World War), and \"Halo\" deal with politics, the war in Iraq, and organized religion respectively. The band wrote the lyrics about the Iraq War after conducting research and found that \"a lot of stuff does not add up\", according to Flynn, which angered the band. Machine Head's debut album, \"Burn My Eyes\", featured a similar song titled \"A Thousand Lies\" which dealt with the Gulf War. \"Slanderous\" deals with hate that still exists","title":"The Blackening"},{"id":"681051","text":"least, the early emphatic phase of a new initiative.\" Wells said that \"beyond dispute\", Crane was \"the best writer of our generation, and his untimely death was an irreparable loss to our literature.\" Conrad wrote that Crane was an \"artist\" and \"a seer with a gift for rendering the significant on the surface of things and with an incomparable insight into primitive emotions\". Crane's work has proved inspirational for future writers; not only have scholars drawn similarities between Hemingway's \"A Farewell to Arms\" and \"The Red Badge of Courage\", but Crane's fiction is thought to have been an important inspiration","title":"Stephen Crane"},{"id":"7304012","text":"Farewell to Legs \"Farewell to Legs\" is a short story by P. G. Wodehouse, which first appeared in the United States in the July 14, 1935 edition of \"This Week\", and in the United Kingdom in the May 1936 issue of the \"Strand\". It was included in the UK collection \"Lord Emsworth and Others\", (1937), and in the U.S. edition of \"Young Men in Spats\" (1936). It is a golf story, narrated by the Oldest Member. The title is a play on Ernest Hemingway's 1929 novel, \"A Farewell to Arms\". The betrothal of Evangeline Brackett to Angus McTavish is built,","title":"Farewell to Legs"},{"id":"16316151","text":"of World War I, and the story of the two lovers, Frederic Henry and Catherine Barkley, includes graphic details of a childbirth gone awry. This story strays greatly from traditionalist literature, the majority of American literature at the time, which depicted good prevailing over evil. Some cities, including Boston, banned \"A Farewell to Arms\" in 1929, labeling the book \"salacious.\" In addition, Boston in the 1920s censored other novels such as \"The American Mercury\", \"Elmer Gantry\", \"An American Tragedy\", \"Strange Interlude\", and \"Lady Chatterley’s Lover\". The rise of censorship in Boston aroused local opposition. The Harvard Crimson in 1929 wrote,","title":"Book censorship in the United States"},{"id":"15909651","text":"You Went Away\" (1944), \"Duel in the Sun\" (1946) and \"Portrait of Jennie\" (1948). Selznick ceased his independent productions in 1948. Beginning with Carol Reed's \"The Third Man\" (1949), he entered into a period of co-producing motion pictures with other filmmakers. In 1954, he made his sole venture into television with the production \"Light's Diamond Jubilee\". Selznick retired from filmmaking after producing an adaptation of Ernest Hemingway's \"A Farewell to Arms\" (1957). Selznick's productions were the recipients of numerous Academy Award nominations. Two of his films—\"Gone With the Wind\" and \"Rebecca\"—won Academy Awards for Best Picture. Six other films that","title":"David O. Selznick filmography"},{"id":"121536","text":"the last hours of his life are authentic; the bullfighter in the corrida represents the pinnacle of a life lived with authenticity. In his paper \"The Uses of Authenticity: Hemingway and the Literary Field\", Timo Müller writes that Hemingway's fiction is successful because the characters live an \"authentic life\", and the \"soldiers, fishers, boxers and backwoodsmen are among the archetypes of authenticity in modern literature\". The theme of emasculation is prevalent in Hemingway's work, most notably in \"The Sun Also Rises\". Emasculation, according to Fiedler, is a result of a generation of wounded soldiers; and of a generation in which","title":"Ernest Hemingway"},{"id":"16722313","text":"of that doctrine. As a literary critic, Sydor Rey believed that Boris Pasternak's novel \"Doctor Zhivago\" was deeply indebted to Hemingway's \"A Farewell to Arms\", notwithstanding the fact of Hemingway's having been \"thick-skinned and effect-driven\" as opposed to Pasternak's qualities of fragile intelligence and delicacy. He was an admirer of the works of Thornton Wilder, to whom he dedicated a poem (entitled \"Festyn\" \"A Village Fair\"; translated in \"The Daily Orange\" in 1966 as \"Picnic\"), acknowledging his indebtedness in the writing of \"Księga rozbitków\" to the style of Wilder's play \"Our Town\". His collected papers dating from the period between","title":"Sydor Rey"},{"id":"121503","text":"die: in 1939 William Butler Yeats and Ford Madox Ford; in 1940 Scott Fitzgerald; in 1941 Sherwood Anderson and James Joyce; in 1946 Gertrude Stein; and the following year in 1947, Max Perkins, Hemingway's long-time Scribner's editor and friend. During this period, he suffered from severe headaches, high blood pressure, weight problems, and eventually diabetes—much of which was the result of previous accidents and many years of heavy drinking. Nonetheless, in January 1946, he began work on \"The Garden of Eden\", finishing 800 pages by June. During the post-war years, he also began work on a trilogy tentatively titled \"The","title":"Ernest Hemingway"},{"id":"4513948","text":"True at First Light True at First Light is a book by American novelist Ernest Hemingway about his 1953–54 East African safari with his fourth wife Mary, released posthumously in his centennial year in 1999. The book received mostly negative or lukewarm reviews from the popular press and sparked a literary controversy regarding how, and whether, an author's work should be reworked and published after his death. Unlike critics in the popular press, Hemingway scholars generally consider \"True at First Light\" to be complex and a worthy addition to his canon of later fiction. In a two-day period in January","title":"True at First Light"},{"id":"16120964","text":"in \"A Farewell to Arms\", usually symbolizing love and romance. The story's lyricism and \"subtle nuances\" are the strongest of the stories in the collection. Its structure is similar to \"The Three-Day Blow\", which Hemingway would use again in the fishing scenes of \"The Sun Also Rises\". It begins with frequent use of soft sounds, \"snow\", \"solidly\", \"surface\", \"skis\", which reflect the movements of skiing. Tetlow says the \"sensuous language renders the sensation of flight\". The snow is equally visual and tactile. The language captures the rhythm of skiing, with up-and-down movements, the swoop of the slope, yet Nick tries","title":"Cross Country Snow"},{"id":"121455","text":"Ernest Hemingway Ernest Miller Hemingway (July 21, 1899 – July 2, 1961) was an American journalist, novelist, and short-story writer. His economical and understated style—which he termed the iceberg theory—had a strong influence on 20th-century fiction, while his adventurous lifestyle and his public image brought him admiration from later generations. Hemingway produced most of his work between the mid-1920s and the mid-1950s, and he won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1954. He published seven novels, six short-story collections, and two non-fiction works. Three of his novels, four short story collections, and three non-fiction works were published posthumously. Many of","title":"Ernest Hemingway"},{"id":"121511","text":"words; added chapters to \"The Garden of Eden\"; and worked on \"Islands in the Stream\". The last three were stored in a safe deposit box in Havana, as he focused on the finishing touches for \"A Moveable Feast\". Author Michael Reynolds claims it was during this period that Hemingway slid into depression, from which he was unable to recover. The Finca Vigia became crowded with guests and tourists, as Hemingway, beginning to become unhappy with life there, considered a permanent move to Idaho. In 1959 he bought a home overlooking the Big Wood River, outside Ketchum, and left Cuba—although he","title":"Ernest Hemingway"},{"id":"121492","text":"Kert explains, \"she never catered to him the way other women did\". Late in 1937, while in Madrid with Martha, Hemingway wrote his only play, \"The Fifth Column\", as the city was being bombarded by Francoist forces. He returned to Key West for a few months, then back to Spain twice in 1938, where he was present at the Battle of the Ebro, the last republican stand, and he was among the British and American journalists who were some of the last to leave the battle as they crossed the river. In early 1939, Hemingway crossed to Cuba in his","title":"Ernest Hemingway"},{"id":"121505","text":"at the critical reception of \"Across the River and Into the Trees\", he wrote the draft of \"The Old Man and the Sea\" in eight weeks, saying that it was \"the best I can write ever for all of my life\". \"The Old Man and the Sea\" became a book-of-the-month selection, made Hemingway an international celebrity, and won the Pulitzer Prize in May 1952, a month before he left for his second trip to Africa. In 1954, while in Africa, Hemingway was almost fatally injured in two successive plane crashes. He chartered a sightseeing flight over the Belgian Congo as","title":"Ernest Hemingway"},{"id":"832830","text":"is the automatic weapon. As he had done in \"A Farewell to Arms\", Hemingway employs the fear of modern armament to destroy romantic conceptions of the ancient art of war: combat, sportsmanlike competition and the aspect of hunting. Heroism becomes butchery: the most powerful picture employed here is the shooting of María's parents against the wall of a slaughterhouse. Glory exists in the official dispatches only; here, the \"disillusionment\" theme of \"A Farewell to Arms\" is adapted. The fascist planes are especially dreaded, and when they approach, all hope is lost. The efforts of the partisans seem to vanish and","title":"For Whom the Bell Tolls"},{"id":"8619908","text":"of the Isonzo including a number in this area but especially the Battle of Caporetto, a heavy defeat for the Italians with 11,000 killed, 20,000 wounded and 265,000 captured. As points of interest, famed World War II German officer Erwin Rommel fought in this battle as a junior officer, and American author Ernest Hemingway drove an ambulance for the Italian Army (see \"A Farewell to Arms\"). After Caporetto, the Austria-Hungarian advance was forced to stop anyway due to lack of supplies, and after almost a year the Italians were able to reinforce and regain this territory by destroying the Austro-Hungarian","title":"Fogliano Redipuglia"},{"id":"2536466","text":"In this movement Mahler uses an extensive variety of key signatures, which can change as often as every few measures. The middle section features a solo violin and solo flute, which represent the bird the singer describes. The final movement, \"The Farewell\" (for alto, from C minor to C major), is nearly as long as the previous five movements combined. Its text is drawn from two different poems, both involving the theme of leave-taking. Mahler himself added the last lines. This final song is also notable for its text-painting, using a mandolin to represent the singer's lute, imitating bird calls","title":"Das Lied von der Erde"},{"id":"10238910","text":"released the film on DVD in March 2007, separately and as part of five-disc collection entitled \"The Ernest Hemingway Film Collection\", where it was packaged with \"Under My Skin\", \"The Sun Also Rises\", \"A Farewell to Arms\", and \"Hemingway's Adventures of a Young Man\". The Snows of Kilimanjaro (1952 film) The Snows of Kilimanjaro is a 1952 American Technicolor film based on the short story of the same name by Ernest Hemingway. The film version of the short story was directed by Henry King, written by Casey Robinson, and starred Gregory Peck as Harry, Susan Hayward as Helen, and Ava","title":"The Snows of Kilimanjaro (1952 film)"},{"id":"2881835","text":"24 hours of the magazine's publication in the U.S., bloggers published the original English text and a translation into Russian on the Web. On April 19, 2018, the editors of \"GQ\" published an article titled \"21 Books You Don’t Have To Read\" in which the editors compiled a list of works they think are overrated and should be passed over, including \"Catcher in the Rye\", \"The Alchemist\", \"Blood Meridian\", \"A Farewell to Arms\", \"The Old Man and the Sea\", \"The Lord of the Rings\", and \"Catch-22.\" \"GQ\"’s review included a criticism of the Holy Bible, calling \"it is repetitive, self-contradictory,","title":"GQ"},{"id":"3003849","text":"depending on condition. One copy in a near mint jacket was listed for sale in 2009 for half a million dollars. The most valuable jackets are usually those on the high spots of literature. Condition is of paramount importance to value. Other examples of highly prized jackets include those on most of Ernest Hemingway's titles, and the first editions of books such as Harper Lee's \"To Kill A Mockingbird,\" J. D. Salinger's \"Catcher in the Rye\" and Dashiell Hammett's \"The Maltese Falcon\", among many others. Prices for dust jackets have become so inflated in recent years that even early reprints","title":"Dust jacket"},{"id":"1984839","text":"was influenced by the non-Darwinian evolutionary writings of Samuel Butler. He was a founding member of the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds. Hudson's best-known novel is \"Green Mansions\" (1904), and his best-known non-fiction is \"Far Away and Long Ago\" (1918), which was made into a film. Ernest Hemingway referred to Hudson's \"The Purple Land\" (1885) in his novel \"The Sun Also Rises\", and to \"Far Away and Long Ago\" in his posthumous novel \"The Garden of Eden\" (1986). In Argentina, Hudson is considered to belong to the national literature as \"Guillermo Enrique Hudson\", the Spanish version of his","title":"William Henry Hudson"},{"id":"17673648","text":"bringing her a copy of Ernest Hemingway's \"A Farewell to Arms\" - the story of a romance with a British nurse. Though she arrived for humanitarian reasons by the summer of 1986 she says she had developed a strong sympathy for the Palestinian cause. Children of the Siege Children of the Siege is a book by Pauline Cutting. It was first published in 1988 by William Heinemann. The book is an account of Cuttings time, 1985-1987, working as a surgeon in the Palestinian refugee camp of Bourj al-Barajneh, in southern Beirut for Medical Aid for Palestinians. Having responded to an","title":"Children of the Siege"},{"id":"121478","text":"became fascinated by bullfighting. It is at this time that he began to be referred to as \"Papa.\" The Hemingways returned to Pamplona in 1924 and a third time in June 1925; that year they brought with them a group of American and British expatriates: Hemingway's Michigan boyhood friend Bill Smith, Donald Ogden Stewart, Lady Duff Twysden (recently divorced), her lover Pat Guthrie, and Harold Loeb. A few days after the fiesta ended, on his birthday (July 21), he began to write the draft of what would become \"The Sun Also Rises\", finishing eight weeks later. A few months later,","title":"Ernest Hemingway"},{"id":"12925372","text":"Bourjaily. Carver was a student at the Iowa Writer's Workshop where he became friends with Bourjaily. Bourjaily's first novel, entitled \"The End of My Life,\" was heavily influenced by Bourjaily's wartime experiences. Critics said that the novel borrowed heavily from the style and tone of Ernest Hemingway. However, the novel was met with praise and was hailed by critic John W. Aldridge as a war novel on the level of Hemingway's \"Farewell to Arms\". Bourjaily's second novel, \"The Hound of Earth\", paints a picture of Cold War America through the eyes of a scientist who helped develop the atomic bomb.","title":"Vance Bourjaily"},{"id":"1404062","text":"poll of the UK's 200 \"best-loved novels\". In 2007 the book was featured as a plot element in an episode of \"South Park\" (series 11, episode 6). The Old Man and the Sea The Old Man and the Sea is a short novel written by the American author Ernest Hemingway in 1951 in Cuba, and published in 1952. It was the last major work of fiction by Hemingway that was published during his lifetime. One of his most famous works, it tells the story of Santiago, an aging Cuban fisherman who struggles with a giant marlin far out in the","title":"The Old Man and the Sea"},{"id":"5350483","text":"roe\" (verse 3) and \"Sweet guinea-pigs do it, Buy a couple and wait\" (verse 5). The nature of the song is such that it has lent itself over the years to the regular addition of contemporary or topical stanzas. For example, in 1955 the lines \"Even Liberace, we assume, does it,\" \"Ernest Hemingway could -\"just\"- do it\" and many more were added by Noël Coward in his Las Vegas cabaret performance of the song, in which he replaced all of Porter's lyrics with his own. The song has been revived many times since 1928, although usually with only a limited","title":"Let's Do It, Let's Fall in Love"},{"id":"8585585","text":"film \"Sleepers\". He also appeared as a government promoter in the Clint Eastwood feature \"Flags of our Fathers\" and as CIA official Henry Cravely in \"Charlie Wilson's War\". He was cast as Bert Miller, father of the leading female character, in \"\", and in \"The Adjustment Bureau\" played Richardson, a mid-level agent in the mysterious paranormal agency called the Bureau. Slattery narrates the audiobook version of Don DeLillo's 2007 novel \"Falling Man\", Stephen King's 2008 psychological horror novel \"Duma Key\", and Ernest Hemingway's 1929 novel \"A Farewell to Arms\". In 2015, Slattery portrayed journalist Ben Bradlee Jr. in the Academy","title":"John Slattery"},{"id":"832835","text":"Spanish expression of exasperation \"me cago en la leche\" (which translates to \"I shit in the milk\") repeatedly recurs throughout the novel, translated by Hemingway as \"I obscenity in the milk.\" The book is written in the third person limited omniscient narrative mode. The action and dialogue are punctuated by extensive thought sequences told from the viewpoint of Robert Jordan. The novel also contains thought sequences of other characters, including Pilar and Anselmo. The thought sequences are more extensive than in Hemingway's earlier fiction, notably \"A Farewell to Arms\", and are an important narrative device to explore the principal themes","title":"For Whom the Bell Tolls"},{"id":"548242","text":"to Hollywood in April 1932 and negotiated a new contract with Paramount for two films per year, a salary of $4,000 a week, and director and script approval. In 1932, after completing \"Devil and the Deep\" with Tallulah Bankhead to fulfill his old contract, Cooper appeared in \"A Farewell to Arms\", the first film adaptation of an Ernest Hemingway novel. Co-starring Helen Hayes, a leading New York theatre star and Academy Award winner, and Adolphe Menjou, the film presented Cooper with one of his most ambitious and challenging dramatic roles, playing an American ambulance driver wounded in Italy who falls","title":"Gary Cooper"},{"id":"11005532","text":"are passed over too abruptly, being suggested rather than told ... Gary Cooper gives an earnest and splendid portrayal [and] Helen Hayes is admirable as Catherine ... another clever characterization is contributed by Adolphe Menjou ... it is unfortunate that these three players, serving the picture so well, do not have the opportunity to figure in more really dramatic interludes.\" Dan Callahan of \"Slant Magazine\" notes, \"Hemingway ... was grandly contemptuous of Frank Borzage's version of \"A Farewell to Arms\" ... but time has been kind to the film. It launders out the writer's ... pessimism and replaces it with","title":"A Farewell to Arms (1932 film)"},{"id":"457170","text":"edition of \"Leaves of Grass\", a version that has been nicknamed the \"Deathbed Edition.\" He wrote, \"L. of G. \"at last complete\"—after 33 y'rs of hackling at it, all times & moods of my life, fair weather & foul, all parts of the land, and peace & war, young & old.\" Preparing for death, Whitman commissioned a granite mausoleum shaped like a house for $4,000 and visited it often during construction. In the last week of his life, he was too weak to lift a knife or fork and wrote: \"I suffer all the time: I have no relief, no","title":"Walt Whitman"},{"id":"7297422","text":"door, leaving his wife with the other four men in the house. The final tableau vivant (96–98) depicts Ruth sitting, \"\"relaxed in her chair\",\" as if on a throne. Sam lies motionless on the floor; Joey, who has walked over to Ruth, places his head in her lap; and Lenny, stands looking on. After repeatedly insisting that he is not an old man, and getting no reply from Ruth, who remains silent, Max beseeches her, \"Kiss me\" – the final words of the play. Ruth sits and \"\"continues to touch\" JOEY's \"head, lightly\",\" while Lenny still \"\"stands, watching\"\" (98). In","title":"The Homecoming"},{"id":"12486010","text":"age of 33, after a career that included a tour as sailing master of James Cook's during Cook's third and final voyage (1776–80). The ship's complement was 46 men: a single commissioned officer (Bligh), 43 other Royal Navy personnel, and two civilian botanists. On 23 December 1787, the \"Bounty\" sailed from Spithead for Tahiti. For a full month, the crew attempted to take the ship west, around South America's Cape Horn, but adverse weather prevented this. Bligh then proceeded east, rounding the southern tip of Africa (Cape Agulhas) and crossing the width of the Indian Ocean. During the outward voyage,","title":"HMS Bounty"},{"id":"4606317","text":"Across the River and into the Trees Across the River and Into the Trees is a novel by American writer Ernest Hemingway, published by Charles Scribner's Sons in 1950, after first being serialized in \"Cosmopolitan\" magazine earlier that year. The title derives from the last words of U.S. Civil War Confederate General Thomas J. (Stonewall) Jackson: “Let us cross over the river and rest under the shade of the trees.” Hemingway's novel opens with Colonel Richard Cantwell, 50 and with a heart problem, duck hunting in Trieste, Italy. It then presents his life in a lengthy flashback, with Cantwell thinking","title":"Across the River and into the Trees"},{"id":"7568337","text":"Who breaks a butterfly upon a wheel? \"Who breaks a butterfly upon a wheel?\" is a quotation from Alexander Pope's \"Epistle to Dr Arbuthnot\" of January 1735. It alludes to \"breaking on the wheel\", a form of torture in which victims had their long bones broken by an iron bar while tied to a Catherine wheel. The quotation is used to suggest someone is \"[employing] superabundant effort in the accomplishment of a small matter\". The quotation is sometimes misquoted with \"on\" in place of \"upon\". The line \"Who breaks a butterfly upon a wheel?\" forms line 308 of the \"Epistle","title":"Who breaks a butterfly upon a wheel?"},{"id":"16867327","text":"of Cowan's close friends at \"Toronto Star\". Hemingway gave Cowan a copy of his first published book entitled \"Three Stories and Ten Poems\". The gift by Hemingway was a first edition from a printing of 300. It includes a personal inscription and signature by Ernest Hemingway. Cowan's copy of the book is sufficiently valuable to be currently priced at a hundred twenty-five thousand US dollars. Cowan juggled many jobs before ending as a writer and a public relations consultant. During the World War I, he paid his way by stevedoring, and guarding a World War I arms plant. He also","title":"James Alexander Cowan"},{"id":"6222966","text":"Italy during World War I), Ernest was strafed by a British aircraft and severely wounded in the groin. After the war, his impotence served as a constant frustration. He ghost-wrote Sylvia Enos' book, \"I Sank Roger Kimball\", and was involved in an affair with his client. He accidentally shoots her when attempting suicide while he is drunk. He then shoots himself in remorse. (In our timeline, Hemingway lived to 1961, shooting himself to death but no one else.) In the Southern Victory Series, he never becomes a prominent author—though he does have work published. Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr. becomes Chief","title":"Historical characters in the Southern Victory Series"},{"id":"17604392","text":"came together the second time for a great World War. The waters become treacherous and Singaram didn't get his share of Tamil-language magazines through ships. Penang library provided him solace and introduced Hemingway, Tolstoy, Faulkner, Chekhov and Dostoyevsky to him. His influence of Hemingway was very evident in both his works and he considered A Farewell to Arms his favorite and masterpiece of Hemingway. He believed \"A Farewell to Arms\" an important milestone in American literature and rated \"Anna Karenina\" more than \"War and Peace\". Singaram has written only 2 novels and he was so frustrated by the difficulties he","title":"P. Singaram"},{"id":"11485869","text":"has failed to place among the top four teams only once, in 2012.Below is the list of eight nations that have finished in the top two in Thomas Cup. 2018: 2016: 2014: 2012: 2010: 2008: 2006: 2004: 2002: 2000: 1998: 1996: 1994: 1992: 2018: 2016: 2014: 2012: 2010: 2008: 2006: 2004: 2002: 2000: 1998: 1996: 1994: 1992: 1990: 1988: 1986: 1984: 1981: 1978: 1975: 1972: 1969: 2017 2015 2013 2011 2009 Even though they actually have a balance of strength in all events, they are known for producing many great doubles in the men's category. Their doubles had conquered the","title":"Indonesia national badminton team"},{"id":"121546","text":"Hall of Fame. Other Ernest Hemingway Ernest Miller Hemingway (July 21, 1899 – July 2, 1961) was an American journalist, novelist, and short-story writer. His economical and understated style—which he termed the iceberg theory—had a strong influence on 20th-century fiction, while his adventurous lifestyle and his public image brought him admiration from later generations. Hemingway produced most of his work between the mid-1920s and the mid-1950s, and he won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1954. He published seven novels, six short-story collections, and two non-fiction works. Three of his novels, four short story collections, and three non-fiction works were","title":"Ernest Hemingway"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"id\": \"121484\",\n \"text\": \"when he received a cable telling him that his father had killed himself. Hemingway was devastated, having earlier written to his father telling him not to worry about financial difficulties; the letter arrived minutes after the suicide. He realized how Hadley must have felt after her own father's suicide in 1903, and he commented, \\\"I'll probably go the same way.\\\" Upon his return to Key West in December, Hemingway worked on the draft of \\\"A Farewell to Arms\\\" before leaving for France in January. He had finished it in August but delayed the revision. The serialization in \\\"Scribner's Magazine\\\" was\",\n \"title\": \"Ernest Hemingway\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"121485\",\n \"text\": \"scheduled to begin in May, but as late as April, Hemingway was still working on the ending, which he may have rewritten as many as seventeen times. The completed novel was published on September 27. Biographer James Mellow believes \\\"A Farewell to Arms\\\" established Hemingway's stature as a major American writer and displayed a level of complexity not apparent in \\\"The Sun Also Rises\\\". In Spain in mid-1929, Hemingway researched his next work, \\\"Death in the Afternoon\\\". He wanted to write a comprehensive treatise on bullfighting, explaining the \\\"toreros\\\" and \\\"corridas\\\" complete with glossaries and appendices, because he believed bullfighting\",\n \"title\": \"Ernest Hemingway\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"710066\",\n \"text\": \"in which Hemingway re-inserted the censored text by hand, so as to provide a corrected text. One of these copies was presented to Maurice Coindreau; the other, to James Joyce. Hemingway's corrected text has not been incorporated into modern published editions of the novel; however, there are some audiobook versions that are uncensored. Also, the novel could not be published in Italy until 1948 because the Fascist regime considered it detrimental to the honor of the Armed Forces, both in its description of the Battle of Caporetto, and for a certain anti-militarism implied in the work. More than one biographer\",\n \"title\": \"A Farewell to Arms\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"710069\",\n \"text\": \"has also been the target of various controversy. Upon its flimsy publication—due to the medium of its release—through Scriber's Magazine, it was banned from Boston newsstands due to accusations of a pornographic nature, despite Hemingway's deliberate exclusion of graphic descriptions of sex, using omission as a literary device. The novel was first adapted for the stage by Laurence Stallings in 1930, then as a film in 1932, with a 1957 remake. A three-part television miniseries was made in 1966. A Farewell to Arms A Farewell to Arms is a novel by Ernest Hemingway set during the Italian campaign of World\",\n \"title\": \"A Farewell to Arms\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"710068\",\n \"text\": \"dictionary–held upside down. The Italian translation had in fact already been prepared illegally in 1943 by Fernanda Pivano, leading to her arrest in Turin. A Farewell to Arms was met with favorable criticism and is considered one of Hemingway's best literary works. Gore Vidal wrote of the text: \\\"... a work of ambition, in which can be seen the beginning of the careful, artful, immaculate idiocy of tone that since has marked ... [Hemingway's] prose.\\\" The last line of the 1929 \\\"New York Times\\\" review reads: \\\"It is a moving and beautiful book.\\\" However, since publication, A Farewell to Arms\",\n \"title\": \"A Farewell to Arms\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"710056\",\n \"text\": \"A Farewell to Arms A Farewell to Arms is a novel by Ernest Hemingway set during the Italian campaign of World War I. First published in 1929, it is a first-person account of an American, Frederic Henry, serving as a lieutenant (\\\"tenente\\\") in the ambulance corps of the Italian Army. The title is taken from a poem by the 16th-century English dramatist George Peele. The novel, set against the backdrop of World War I, describes a love affair between the expatriate Henry and an English nurse, Catherine Barkley. Its publication ensured Hemingway's place as a modern American writer of considerable\",\n \"title\": \"A Farewell to Arms\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1039899\",\n \"text\": \"known as the Winter White House as Truman stayed there mostly in the winter months, and used it for official business such as the Truman Doctrine. Dwight D. Eisenhower stayed at the Little White House following a heart attack in 1955. John F. Kennedy visited Key West in March 1961, and in November 1962, a month after the resolution of the Cuban Missile Crisis. Jimmy Carter visited the Little White House twice with his family after he had left office, in 1996 and 2007. Legend has it that Ernest Hemingway wrote part of \\\"A Farewell to Arms\\\" while living above\",\n \"title\": \"Key West\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"121456\",\n \"text\": \"his works are considered classics of American literature. Hemingway was raised in Oak Park, Illinois. After high school, he reported for a few months for \\\"The Kansas City Star\\\" before leaving for the Italian Front to enlist as an ambulance driver in World War I. In 1918, he was seriously wounded and returned home. His wartime experiences formed the basis for his novel \\\"A Farewell to Arms\\\" (1929). In 1921, he married Hadley Richardson, the first of what would be four wives. The couple moved to Paris, where he worked as a foreign correspondent and fell under the influence of\",\n \"title\": \"Ernest Hemingway\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"710064\",\n \"text\": \"section as Hemingway was writing the scene about Catherine Barkley's childbirth. The novel was first serialized in \\\"Scribner's Magazine\\\" in the May 1929 to October 1929 issues. The book was published in September 1929 with a first edition print-run of approximately 31,000 copies. The success of \\\"A Farewell to Arms\\\" made Hemingway financially independent. \\\"The Hemingway Library Edition\\\" was released in July 2012, with a dust jacket facsimile of the first edition. The newly published edition presents an appendix with the many alternate endings Hemingway wrote for the novel in addition to pieces from early draft manuscripts. The JFK Library\",\n \"title\": \"A Farewell to Arms\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11404327\",\n \"text\": \"A Farewell to Arms (1957 film) A Farewell to Arms is a 1957 American DeLuxe Color CinemaScope drama film directed by Charles Vidor. The screenplay by Ben Hecht, based in part on a 1930 play by Laurence Stallings, was the second feature film adaptation of Ernest Hemingway's 1929 semi-autobiographical novel of the same name. It was the last film produced by David O. Selznick. An earlier film version starred Gary Cooper and Helen Hayes. Frederick Henry (Rock Hudson) is an American officer serving in an ambulance unit for the Italian Army during World War I. While recovering from a wound\",\n \"title\": \"A Farewell to Arms (1957 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7278477\",\n \"text\": \"November 19, 1922 the first editor of the magazine, Edward L. Burlingame died. On January 1928 the magazine had a change in format, with the first of the newly formatted issue having a cover design by Rockwell Kent. The June 1929 issue was banned in Boston, Massachusetts due to the article \\\"A Farewell to Arms\\\" by Ernest Hemingway. The article was deemed salacious by the public and Boston police barred the magazine from book stands. Charles Scribner's Sons issued the statement that: In 1930 the magazine's editor, Robert Bridges, retired to become a literary adviser for the firm and associate\",\n \"title\": \"Scribner's Magazine\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1074559\",\n \"text\": \"and Overhill Road. They were conceived by landscape architect S. Herbert Hare in 1924. In 1928 Ernest Hemingway and his pregnant wife, Pauline, stayed at the house of W. Malcolm and Ruth Lowry at 6435 Indian Lane. During this time, Hemingway wrote \\\"A Farewell to Arms\\\". He later gave an autographed copy of the book to Don Carlos Guffey, the Kansas City doctor who delivered his son Patrick. The inscription, which is now in the University of Missouri-Kansas City library, said \\\"...with much admiration and grateful remembrance of a Caesarean that was beautifully done and turned out splendidly.\\\"\\\" Mission Hills\",\n \"title\": \"Mission Hills, Kansas\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2275744\",\n \"text\": \"was in its eighth printing. In 1927 the novel was published in the UK by Jonathan Cape, titled \\\"Fiesta\\\", without the two epigraphs. Two decades later, in 1947, Scribner's released three of Hemingway's works as a boxed set, including \\\"The Sun Also Rises\\\", \\\"A Farewell to Arms\\\", and \\\"For Whom the Bell Tolls\\\". By 1983, \\\"The Sun Also Rises\\\" had been in print continuously since its publication in 1926, and was likely one of the most translated titles in the world. At that time Scribner's began to print cheaper mass-market paperbacks of the book, in addition to the more expensive\",\n \"title\": \"The Sun Also Rises\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"469917\",\n \"text\": \"memories many harbored of the horrors of World War I. A major seller was \\\"All Quiet on the Western Front\\\" by Erich Maria Remarque. Remarque was a German who had fought in the war at age eighteen and been wounded in the Third Battle of Ypres. He stated that he intended the book to tell the story \\\"of a generation of men who, even though they may have escaped its shells, were destroyed by the war.\\\" Another 1929 book reflecting on World War I was Ernest Hemingway's \\\"A Farewell to Arms\\\", as well as \\\"Good-Bye to All That\\\" by Robert\",\n \"title\": \"1929\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4517001\",\n \"text\": \"to them which were promptly returned, eliciting a letter from Hemingway, who complained, \\\"I wonder what was the matter, whether the pictures were too accurate and the attitude toward life not sufficiently distorted to please who ever bought the book or what?\\\" \\\"In Our Time\\\" was ignored and forgotten by literary critics for decades. Benson attributes the neglect to various factors. \\\"The Sun Also Rises\\\", published the next year, is considered the more important book followed fairly rapidly by the popular \\\"A Farewell to Arms\\\" two years after in 1928; critics' general assumption seemed to be that Hemingway's talent lay\",\n \"title\": \"In Our Time (short story collection)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16316150\",\n \"text\": \"Darwinian evolution.\\\" Charles Darwin's \\\"On the Origin of Species\\\" was soon after banned in parts of America, notably Tennessee. The Tennessee ban remained on the books until 1967, \\\"when the Supreme Court declared it in conflict with the First and Fourteenth Amendments\\\". The banning of books became more prevalent during the twentieth century as modernist and progressive writers such as James Joyce, Theodore Dreiser, Ernest Hemingway, F. Scott Fitzgerald, and John Steinbeck began their literary careers. These authors did not refrain from revealing their opinions about controversial subject matter. For example, Hemingway's \\\"A Farewell to Arms\\\" depicts the grim realities\",\n \"title\": \"Book censorship in the United States\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1836025\",\n \"text\": \"War- (1929) and \\\"Behind the Lines\\\" (1930). Morris served in the British army during the war. \\\"A Farewell to Arms\\\" is a novel by Ernest Hemingway set during the Italian campaign of World War I. The book, published in 1929, is a first-person account of American Frederic Henry, serving as a lieutenant (\\\"Tenente\\\") in the ambulance corps of the Italian Army. The novel is about a love affair between the expatriate American Henry and Catherine Barkley against the backdrop of World War I, cynical soldiers, fighting and the displacement of populations. The publication of \\\"A Farewell to Arms\\\" cemented Hemingway's\",\n \"title\": \"World War I in literature\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"710057\",\n \"text\": \"stature. The book became his first best-seller, and has been called \\\"the premier American war novel from that debacle World War I.\\\" The novel has been adapted a number of times, initially for the stage in 1930; as a film in 1932 and again in 1957, and as a three-part television miniseries in 1966. The 1996 film \\\"In Love and War\\\", directed by Richard Attenborough and starring Chris O'Donnell and Sandra Bullock, depicts Hemingway's life in Italy as an ambulance driver in the events prior to his writing of \\\"A Farewell to Arms\\\". The novel is divided into five sections.\",\n \"title\": \"A Farewell to Arms\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6647775\",\n \"text\": \"(\\\"All Quiet on the Western Front\\\") was a massive, worldwide bestseller, not least for its brutally realistic account of the horrors of trench warfare from the perspective of a German infantryman. Less well known but equally shocking in its account of the horrors of trench warfare is the earlier Stratis Myrivilis' Greek novel \\\"Life in the Tomb\\\", which was first published in serialised form in the weekly newspaper \\\"Kambana\\\" (April 1923 – January 1924), and then in revised and much expanded form in 1930. Also significant were Ernest Hemingway's \\\"A Farewell to Arms\\\" (1929), Richard Aldington's \\\"Death of a Hero\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"War novel\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9616314\",\n \"text\": \"Pfeiffer House and Carriage House The Hemingway-Pfeiffer House, also known as the Pfeiffer House and Carriage House, is a historic house museum at 10th and Cherry Streets in Piggott, Arkansas. It is where novelist Ernest Hemingway wrote portions of his novel, \\\"A Farewell to Arms\\\". Hemingway was married to Pauline Pfeiffer, the daughter of the owners of the house, Paul and Mary Pfeiffer. Pauline Pfeiffer, Hemingway's second wife, had grown up in the home. Her uncle Gustavus Pfeiffer was a benefactor of the couple, even financing an African safari trip that inspired Hemingway's \\\"The Green Hills of Africa\\\". Hemingway did\",\n \"title\": \"Pfeiffer House and Carriage House\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1013327\",\n \"text\": \"After meeting and marrying in Paris in the late 1920s, Hemingway and Pauline made frequent and lengthy visits to her parents' home in Piggott, where Ernest Hemingway wrote portions of \\\"A Farewell to Arms\\\", and other works. The Pfeiffer House and Carriage House are now preserved as the Hemingway-Pfeiffer Museum and Educational Center, run by Arkansas State University. The town was mentioned in the 1990s television sitcom \\\"Evening Shade\\\", set in Arkansas. The high school football team coached by \\\"Wood Newton\\\" (played by Burt Reynolds) celebrated when it tied Piggott High in a game, which it almost always lost. Piggott\",\n \"title\": \"Piggott, Arkansas\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14277010\",\n \"text\": \"and was familiar with the events of Africa during that year, which he describes in the \\\"Foreword\\\" to \\\"True at First Light\\\". Hemingway contributed an introduction to the 1990 \\\"Green Hills of Africa\\\"; the 1991 \\\"Valley of Life: Africa's Great Rift\\\"; the 2003\\\" Hemingway on Hunting\\\"; the 2003 \\\"Hemingway on War\\\"; and a \\\"foreword\\\" to the 2009 republished edition of his father's \\\"A Moveable Feast\\\". For the 2012 special edition of \\\"A Farewell to Arms\\\", containing all forty-seven alternative endings, Patrick wrote a personal foreword. His nephew, grandson of Ernest Hemingway, Seán Hemingway wrote the introduction. Patrick Hemingway Patrick Miller\",\n \"title\": \"Patrick Hemingway\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2201589\",\n \"text\": \"character Professor Burris in \\\"Walden Two\\\", who is in a confused mood of desperation, lack of orientation, irresolution and indecision. (Prentice Hall 1976, Chapter 31, p. 266). This line is also quoted in Ernest Hemingway's novel \\\"A Farewell to Arms\\\", as in Arthur C. Clarke's short story, \\\"The Ultimate Melody\\\". The same line appears in full in the opening minutes of Michael Powell and Emeric Pressburger's \\\"A Matter of Life and Death\\\" (1946), spoken by the protagonist, pilot and poet Peter Carter: 'But at my back I always hear / Time's wingèd chariot hurrying near; And yonder all before us\",\n \"title\": \"To His Coy Mistress\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"767381\",\n \"text\": \"Morning, Miss Dove\\\" (1955), opposite Robert Stack, followed by a lead role opposite Gregory Peck in \\\"The Man in the Gray Flannel Suit\\\", a drama about a World War II veteran. In 1957, she starred as the poet Elizabeth Barrett Browning in the historical drama \\\"The Barretts of Wimpole Street\\\", based on the 1930 play by Rudolf Besier. She followed this with a lead in the Ernest Hemingway adaptation \\\"A Farewell to Arms\\\" (1957), opposite Rock Hudson. The film received mixed reviews, with \\\"Variety\\\" noting that \\\"the relationship between Rock Hudson and Jennifer Jones never takes on real dimensions.\\\" Jones's\",\n \"title\": \"Jennifer Jones\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15329555\",\n \"text\": \"A Farewell to Alms A Farewell to Alms: A Brief Economic History of the World is a 2007 book about economic history by Gregory Clark. It is published by Princeton University Press. The book's title is a pun on Ernest Hemingway's novel, \\\"A Farewell to Arms\\\". The book discusses the divide between rich and poor nations that came about as a result of the Industrial Revolution in terms of the evolution of particular behaviours that Clark claims first occurred in Britain. Prior to 1790, Clark asserts that man faced a Malthusian trap: new technology enabled greater productivity and more food,\",\n \"title\": \"A Farewell to Alms\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17372959\",\n \"text\": \"could remember all the pictures.\\\" Aldous Huxley caused a minor literary dispute when he made derisive remarks about Hemingway's allusion to the \\\"bitter nail holes\\\" of Mantegna's \\\"Dead Christ\\\" in \\\"A Farewell to Arms\\\"; Hemingway shot back by saying that the characters the writer makes must genuinely be interested in the art, clearly explaining, \\\"A writer who appreciates the seriousness of writing so little that he is anxious to make the reader see he is formally educated, cultured and well-bred is merely a pop-in-jay.\\\" Of the six references to Mantegna in the entire Hemingway canon, two occur in \\\"The Revolutionist\\\".\",\n \"title\": \"The Revolutionist\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"710063\",\n \"text\": \"in Italy, which were later used as inspiration. Michael Reynolds, however, writes that Hemingway was not involved in the battles described. Because his previous novel, \\\"The Sun Also Rises\\\", had been written as a \\\"roman à clef\\\", readers assumed \\\"A Farewell to Arms\\\" to be autobiographical. \\\"A Farewell to Arms\\\" was begun during his time at Willis M. Spear's guest ranch in Wyoming's Bighorns. Some pieces of the novel were written in Piggott, Arkansas, at the home of his then wife Pauline Pfeiffer, and in Mission Hills, Kansas while she was awaiting delivery of their baby. Pauline underwent a caesarean\",\n \"title\": \"A Farewell to Arms\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9616316\",\n \"text\": \"also includes the Matilda and Karl Pfeiffer Education Center, a Tudor-style home where Pauline's brother and his wife lived before it was opened to the public in 2004. Pfeiffer House and Carriage House The Hemingway-Pfeiffer House, also known as the Pfeiffer House and Carriage House, is a historic house museum at 10th and Cherry Streets in Piggott, Arkansas. It is where novelist Ernest Hemingway wrote portions of his novel, \\\"A Farewell to Arms\\\". Hemingway was married to Pauline Pfeiffer, the daughter of the owners of the house, Paul and Mary Pfeiffer. Pauline Pfeiffer, Hemingway's second wife, had grown up in\",\n \"title\": \"Pfeiffer House and Carriage House\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1940935\",\n \"text\": \"Rises\\\", in 1926. Perkins fought for it over objections to Hemingway's profanity raised by traditionalists in the firm. The commercial success of Hemingway's next novel, \\\"A Farewell to Arms\\\" (1929), which topped the best-seller list, silenced colleagues' questions about Perkins' editorial judgment. The greatest professional challenge Perkins faced was posed by Thomas Wolfe's lack of artistic self-discipline. Wolfe wrote voluminously and was greatly attached to each sentence he wrote. After a tremendous struggle, Perkins induced Wolfe to cut 90,000 words from his first novel, \\\"Look Homeward, Angel\\\" (1929). His next, \\\"Of Time and the River\\\" (1935), was the result of\",\n \"title\": \"Maxwell Perkins\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"194150\",\n \"text\": \"copy F. Scott Fitzgerald's \\\"The Great Gatsby\\\" and Ernest Hemingway's \\\"A Farewell to Arms\\\" in order to learn about the writing styles of the authors. In 1959 \\\"Time\\\" fired him for insubordination. Later that year he worked as a reporter for \\\"The Middletown Daily Record\\\" in Middletown, New York. He was fired from this job after damaging an office candy machine and arguing with the owner of a local restaurant who happened to be an advertiser with the paper. In 1960, Thompson moved to San Juan, Puerto Rico, to take a job with the sporting magazine \\\"El Sportivo\\\", which folded\",\n \"title\": \"Hunter S. Thompson\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7942285\",\n \"text\": \"the same year she completed her first translation, the Italian edition of the \\\"Spoon River Anthology\\\" by Edgar Lee Masters for Einaudi. In 1948, Pivano met Ernest Hemingway. It turned out to be the beginning of an intense professional relationship and friendship that would last until Hemingway's death in 1961. In 1949 Mondadori published her translation of Hemingway's \\\"A Farewell to Arms\\\". In the same year Pivano married designer and architect Ettore Sottsass and moved to Milan, where she would live for the rest of her life. Pivano made her first trip to the United States in 1956 and throughout\",\n \"title\": \"Fernanda Pivano\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6646284\",\n \"text\": \"German periodicals. The same year, Harrison made headlines in \\\"The New York Times\\\" when he was arrested en route to Nicaragua, where he planned to interview the Nicaraguan dissident General Augusto César Sandino. In 1930, after such anti-war books as Robert Graves's \\\"Goodbye to All That\\\", Ernest Hemingway's \\\"A Farewell to Arms\\\", and Erich Maria Remarque's \\\"All Quiet on the Western Front\\\" (all published in 1929) became bestsellers, publishers took an interest in \\\"Generals Die in Bed\\\", many elements of which resembled the other books. Harrison, who was working as a copy editor on the \\\"Bronx Home News\\\" was propelled\",\n \"title\": \"Charles Yale Harrison\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11005534\",\n \"text\": \"A Farewell to Arms (1932 film) A Farewell to Arms is a 1932 American pre-Code romance drama film directed by Frank Borzage and starring Helen Hayes, Gary Cooper, and Adolphe Menjou. Based on the 1929 semi-autobiographical novel \\\"A Farewell to Arms\\\" by Ernest Hemingway, with a screenplay by Oliver H.P. Garrett and Benjamin Glazer, the film is about a romantic love affair between an American ambulance driver and an English nurse in Italy during World War I. The film received Academy Awards for Best Cinematography and Best Sound, and was nominated for Best Picture and Best Art Direction. In 1960,\",\n \"title\": \"A Farewell to Arms (1932 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11005526\",\n \"text\": \"A Farewell to Arms (1932 film) A Farewell to Arms is a 1932 American pre-Code romance drama film directed by Frank Borzage and starring Helen Hayes, Gary Cooper, and Adolphe Menjou. Based on the 1929 semi-autobiographical novel \\\"A Farewell to Arms\\\" by Ernest Hemingway, with a screenplay by Oliver H.P. Garrett and Benjamin Glazer, the film is about a romantic love affair between an American ambulance driver and an English nurse in Italy during World War I. The film received Academy Awards for Best Cinematography and Best Sound, and was nominated for Best Picture and Best Art Direction. In 1960,\",\n \"title\": \"A Farewell to Arms (1932 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10342346\",\n \"text\": \"the far-flung locations associated with Hemingway, and a two-page tabular summary of Hemingway's life. Michael Palin starts the book by telling of his own introduction to Hemingway's writing, reading \\\"A Farewell to Arms\\\", \\\"For Whom the Bell Tolls\\\", and \\\"The Old Man and the Sea\\\" when he was only 13. But a fascination with Hemingway's authorship is not necessary to appreciate this trip, as it can be simply considered to be an exciting trip following in the footsteps of an exciting person. The trip was done in 1999, 100 years after Hemingway's birth in 1899. The text of this book\",\n \"title\": \"Hemingway Adventure (book)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2745007\",\n \"text\": \"Strike of 1922 by the socialists was referred to by Mussolini as the \\\"Caporetto of Italian Socialism\\\". Many years after the war, Caporetto was still being used to destroy the credibility of the liberal state. The Battle of Caporetto has been the subject of a number of books. The Swedish author F.J. Nordstedt (pseud. Christian Braw) wrote about the battle in his novel \\\"Caporetto\\\". The bloody aftermath of Caporetto was vividly described by Ernest Hemingway in his novel \\\"A Farewell to Arms\\\". Curzio Malaparte wrote an excoriation of the battle in his first book, \\\"Viva Caporetto\\\", published in 1921. It\",\n \"title\": \"Battle of Caporetto\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11005531\",\n \"text\": \"is given all of her romantic love letters, marked \\\"Return to Sender\\\". She is taken to the hospital, where her child is delivered stillborn. She herself is in grave danger. Frederic arrives, and just as an armistice between Italy and Austria-Hungary is announced, Catherine tragically dies, with him at her side. In his review in \\\"The New York Times\\\", Mordaunt Hall wrote, \\\"There is too much sentiment and not enough strength in the pictorial conception of Ernest Hemingway's novel ... the film account skips too quickly from one episode to another and the hardships and other experiences of Lieutenant Henry\",\n \"title\": \"A Farewell to Arms (1932 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10910659\",\n \"text\": \"Under Kilimanjaro Under Kilimanjaro is a non-fiction novel by Ernest Hemingway (July 21, 1899 – July 2, 1961), edited and published posthumously by Robert W. Lewis and Robert E. Fleming. It is based upon journals that he wrote while he was on his last safari. It is a longer and re-edited version of \\\"True at First Light\\\". In 2007, it won the Eric Hoffer Award for Best Academic Press. \\\"True at First Light\\\" was published in 1999. The book was presented as a \\\"fictional memoir\\\". Six years later the work was republished a second time as \\\"Under Kilimanjaro\\\". The work\",\n \"title\": \"Under Kilimanjaro\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6147993\",\n \"text\": \"monthly Italian science fiction magazine that contributed to the wider diffusion of this genre in Italy. In 1960 Mondadori launched Il Club degli Editori, the first Italian mail-order book club and in 1965 became the first Italian publishing house to launch low-cost paperbacks for sale through newsstands (Oscar Mondadori), an experiment that will be a huge success and that will be imitated by many publishers. The aim of the series was to reach an audience not used to buying in bookshops. The first novel published was A Farewell to Arms by Ernest Hemingway, who immediately experienced great results in terms\",\n \"title\": \"Arnoldo Mondadori Editore\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"832813\",\n \"text\": \"For Whom the Bell Tolls For Whom the Bell Tolls is a novel by Ernest Hemingway published in 1940. It tells the story of Robert Jordan, a young American in the International Brigades attached to a republican guerrilla unit during the Spanish Civil War. As a dynamiter, he is assigned to blow up a bridge during an attack on the city of Segovia. The novel is regarded as one of Hemingway's best works, along with \\\"The Sun Also Rises\\\", \\\"A Farewell to Arms\\\", and \\\"The Old Man and the Sea\\\". Ernest Hemingway wrote \\\"For Whom the Bell Tolls\\\" in Havana,\",\n \"title\": \"For Whom the Bell Tolls\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13575393\",\n \"text\": \"Too Close to the Sun Too Close to the Sun is a musical with a book by Roberto Trippini and music and lyrics by Trippini and John Robinson, based on a play by Ron Read. The musical is a fictionalized account of the last days in the life of Ernest Hemingway. \\\"Too Close to the Sun\\\" began previews at the Comedy Theatre in the West End on 16 July 2009 and officially opened on 24 July. It received uniformly unfavourable reviews and closed on 8 August, bringing its planned eight-week run to an end six weeks early. Directed by Pat\",\n \"title\": \"Too Close to the Sun\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17792435\",\n \"text\": \"1907: 1908: 1909: 1910: 1911: 1912: 1913: 1914: 1915: 1917: 1918: 1920: 1921: 1922: 1923: 1925: 1926: 1927: 1928: 1929: 1930: 1931: 1932: 1933: 1934: 1935: 1936: 1937: 1938: 1940: 1941: 1942: 1943: 1945: 1946: 1947: 1949: 1950: 1951: 1955: 1957: 1959: 1962: 1963: 1964: 1965: 1966: 1969: 1970: 1971: 1972: 1975: 1976: 1977: 1978: 1979: 1980: 1982: 1983: 1984: 1987: 1988: 1994: 1996: 2001: 2005–2006: 2006: 2011: 2013: 2016: Timeline of women's education This is a timeline of women's education. 1237 1239 1608 1636 1639 1644 1674 1678 1685 1727 1732 1742 1751 1783 1786 1787 1788 1803 1818\",\n \"title\": \"Timeline of women's education\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10910660\",\n \"text\": \"is based on a partially written manuscript, and is about Hemingway's second trip to Africa. \\\"Under Kilimanjaro\\\" was edited by Robert W. Lewis and Robert E. Fleming who state: “this book deserves as complete and faithful a publication as possible without editorial distortion, speculation, or textually unsupported attempts at improvement.” Under Kilimanjaro Under Kilimanjaro is a non-fiction novel by Ernest Hemingway (July 21, 1899 – July 2, 1961), edited and published posthumously by Robert W. Lewis and Robert E. Fleming. It is based upon journals that he wrote while he was on his last safari. It is a longer and\",\n \"title\": \"Under Kilimanjaro\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2490280\",\n \"text\": \"The Dangerous Summer The Dangerous Summer is a nonfiction book by Ernest Hemingway published posthumously in 1985 and written in 1959 and 1960. The book describes the rivalry between bullfighters Luis Miguel Dominguín and his brother-in-law, Antonio Ordóñez, during the \\\"dangerous summer\\\" of 1959. It has been cited as Hemingway's last book. \\\"The Dangerous Summer\\\" is an edited version of a 75,000-word manuscript Hemingway wrote between October 1959 and May 1960 as an assignment from \\\"LIFE Magazine\\\". Hemingway summoned his close friend Will Lang Jr. to come to Spain to deliver the story to \\\"LIFE Magazine\\\". The book was edited\",\n \"title\": \"The Dangerous Summer\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10331319\",\n \"text\": \"the book and lyrics for the musical \\\"Deep River\\\" (1926), adapted Ernest Hemingway's novel \\\"A Farewell to Arms\\\" for the stage in 1930, co-wrote the book for the musicals \\\"Rainbow\\\" (1928) with Oscar Hammerstein, and \\\"Virginia\\\" (1937) with Owen Davis, and penned the play \\\"The Streets Are Guarded\\\" in 1944. He was a member of the Algonquin Round Table. Stallings' novel, the autobiographical \\\"Plumes\\\", was published in 1924 and was a huge success, with nine printings in that year alone. It was adapted into King Vidor's \\\"The Big Parade\\\", which was quite successful and remained MGM's largest-grossing film until \\\"Gone\",\n \"title\": \"Laurence Stallings\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3580043\",\n \"text\": \"the landscape go by beneath him. Suddenly, he sees the snow-covered top of Mt. Kilimanjaro, and knows that is where he is bound. Helen wakes up in the middle of the night to a strange hyena cry, and finds Harry unresponsive on his cot. \\\"The Snows of Kilimanjaro\\\" is regarded as one of Hemingway's greatest works, holding its own alongside \\\"The Sun Also Rises\\\" and \\\"A Farewell to Arms\\\". The short story was published in August 1936 in Esquire magazine. A film adaptation of the short story, directed by Henry King, written by Casey Robinson, and starring Gregory Peck as\",\n \"title\": \"The Snows of Kilimanjaro (short story)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1598490\",\n \"text\": \"the most successful horse trainer in the country. Markham's memoir lingered in obscurity until 1982, when California restaurateur George Gutekunst read a collection of Ernest Hemingway's letters, including one in which Hemingway lavishly praised Markham's writing (if not Markham herself): Intrigued, Gutekunst read \\\"West with the Night\\\" and became so enamored of Markham's prose that he helped persuade a California publisher, North Point Press, to re-issue the book in 1983. The re-release of the book launched a remarkable final chapter in the life of the eighty-year-old Markham, who was lauded for her three final years as a great author as\",\n \"title\": \"Beryl Markham\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4101648\",\n \"text\": \"in \\\"The Waves\\\". Ernest Hemingway used this poem in his novel, “A Farewell To Arms” (1929). It is also used repeatedly in Marta Randall's book \\\"Dangerous Games\\\" (1980). It is mournfully recited by Erika Anderson's cuckold husband Thierry [Judge Reinhold] in the 1991 thriller \\\"Zandalee\\\" Thomas Pynchon's first published story, \\\"The Small Rain\\\" (1959), takes its title from the poem's second line. The story is reprinted in his collection \\\"Slow Learner\\\" (1984). Ernest Hemingway used the poem in \\\"A Farewell to Arms\\\" Westron Wynde Westron Wynde is an early 16th-century song whose tune was used as the basis (cantus firmus)\",\n \"title\": \"Westron Wynde\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"710067\",\n \"text\": \"suggests that at the base of the censorship of the Fascist regime in the novel there had also been a personal antipathy between the writer and Benito Mussolini. Hemingway had interviewed him in 1923, shortly after he seized power, and in his article in the \\\"Toronto Star\\\" he poured scorn on Mussolini, calling him \\\"the biggest bluff in Europe.\\\" But, apart from the official reactions, it is known that Mussolini did not like the article at all: Hemingway described Mussolini as trying to impress the media by pretending to be deeply absorbed in reading, while in reality holding a French-English\",\n \"title\": \"A Farewell to Arms\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17792434\",\n \"text\": \"Timeline of women's education This is a timeline of women's education. 1237 1239 1608 1636 1639 1644 1674 1678 1685 1727 1732 1742 1751 1783 1786 1787 1788 1803 1818 1822 1823 1826 1827 1829 1831 1834 1834 1837 1839 1841 1842 1843 1844 1847 1849 1850 1851 1852 1853 1854 1855 1857 1858 1859 1860 1861 1862 1863 1864 1865 1866 1866 1867 1868 1869 1870: 1871 1872: 1873: 1874: 1875: 1876: 1877: 1878: 1878: 1879: 1880: 1881: 1882: 1883: 1885: 1886: 1887: 1889: 1890: 1891: 1892: 1893: 1894: 1895: 1896: 1898: 1900: 1901: 1902: 1903: 1904: 1905: 1906:\",\n \"title\": \"Timeline of women's education\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2368469\",\n \"text\": \"17, henceforth incrementing one letter every 32 pages. [*] on page 307. Signature marks change on the 10th impression: [A*] at the bottom of the Table of Contents; [B] at bottom left of page 33 etc. These signature marks remain unchanged through the 14th impression. Paper weight varies from printing to printing. Generally the earlier impressions are thinner than the later. Measurements exclude the binding and end papers; they start from the half-title page and extend to the last story page. The leaves should be pressed tightly when measuring. Measurements are rounded to the nearest half millimeter. The 5th through\",\n \"title\": \"Early American editions of The Hobbit\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11404331\",\n \"text\": \"afterward. Frederick leaves, shocked, and wanders the empty streets. For many years, David O. Selznick had wanted to film the Hemingway novel, but Warner Bros. owned the property and refused to sell it to him. He found himself in an advantageous bargaining position when Warner Bros. bought the remake rights to \\\"A Star is Born\\\", to which he owned the foreign rights. Without them, the studio could not release their intended remake with Judy Garland overseas. Selznick offered to relinquish his rights to \\\"Star\\\" in exchange for the rights to \\\"Farewell\\\", and Warner Bros. agreed. On October 25, 1956, Selznick\",\n \"title\": \"A Farewell to Arms (1957 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"710061\",\n \"text\": \"neutral Switzerland in a rowboat given to him by a barkeep. After interrogation by Swiss authorities, they are allowed to stay in Switzerland. In the final section, Frederic and Catherine live a quiet life in the mountains until she goes into labor. After a long and painful birth, their son is stillborn. Catherine begins to hemorrhage and soon dies, leaving Frederic to return to their hotel in the rain. The novel was based on Hemingway's own experiences serving in the Italian campaigns during the First World War. The inspiration for Catherine Barkley was Agnes von Kurowsky, a nurse who cared\",\n \"title\": \"A Farewell to Arms\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1039901\",\n \"text\": \"bought the 907 Whitehead Street house in 1931 as a wedding present. The Hemingways installed a swimming pool for $20,000 in 1937–38 (equivalent to about $ in ). The unexpectedly high cost prompted Hemingway to put a penny in the wet cement of the patio, saying, \\\"Here, take the last penny I've got!\\\" The penny is at the north end of the pool. During his stay he wrote or worked on \\\"Death in the Afternoon\\\", \\\"For Whom the Bell Tolls\\\", \\\"The Snows of Kilimanjaro\\\", and \\\"The Short Happy Life of Francis Macomber\\\". He used Depression-era Key West as one of\",\n \"title\": \"Key West\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"121483\",\n \"text\": \"him with a prominent forehead scar, which he carried for the rest of his life. When Hemingway was asked about the scar, he was reluctant to answer. After his departure from Paris, Hemingway \\\"never again lived in a big city\\\". Hemingway and Pauline traveled to Kansas City, where their son Patrick was born on June 28, 1928. Pauline had a difficult delivery, which Hemingway fictionalized in \\\"A Farewell to Arms\\\". After Patrick's birth, Pauline and Hemingway traveled to Wyoming, Massachusetts, and New York. In the winter, he was in New York with Bumby, about to board a train to Florida,\",\n \"title\": \"Ernest Hemingway\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4395168\",\n \"text\": \"at King's College Junior School in London where he found himself at risk from \\\"drunken, mentally disturbed, sexual predators\\\" among the staff. Wood graduated from Peterhouse at Cambridge University in 1960 with degrees in economics and law. He did his mandatory military service in Cyprus, which inspired his second novel \\\"Terrible Hard, Says Alice\\\". Novelist and fellow future Bond writer William Boyd praised the book, citing it as one of the few convincing examples of accounts of war alongside Ernest Hemingway's \\\"A Farewell to Arms\\\" and Joseph Heller's \\\"Catch-22\\\". Wood's African experiences inspired two novels: his first, \\\"Make it Happen\",\n \"title\": \"Christopher Wood (writer)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2908568\",\n \"text\": \"Trentino-Alto Adige announced that they are to commission a feasibility study to build a new line between Calalzo, Cortina and Toblach. Cortina has attracted many distinguished guests, often inspiring them in their creative work. They include the Italian novelists Dino Buzzati (1906–1972), author of \\\"The Tartar Steppe\\\", Goffredo Parise (1929–1986) and Fernanda Pivano (1917–2009). Ernest Hemingway, author of \\\"A Farewell to Arms\\\", also arrived in the area in 1918 as a young ambulance driver. Other notable visitors include John Ball (1818–1889), the Irish mountaineer and naturalist who climbed Monte Pelmo in 1857, the Italian mountaineers Emilio Comici (1901–1940), Angelo Dibona\",\n \"title\": \"Cortina d'Ampezzo\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1621604\",\n \"text\": \"the 1920s, and John Dos Passos wrote too about the war. Ernest Hemingway became famous with \\\"The Sun Also Rises\\\" and \\\"A Farewell to Arms\\\"; in 1954, he won the Nobel Prize in Literature. William Faulkner became one of the greatest American writers with novels like \\\"The Sound and the Fury\\\". American poetry reached a peak after World War I with such writers as Wallace Stevens, T. S. Eliot, Robert Frost, Ezra Pound, and E. E. Cummings. American drama attained international status at the time with the works of Eugene O'Neill, who won four Pulitzer Prizes and the Nobel Prize.\",\n \"title\": \"American literature\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"710065\",\n \"text\": \"Hemingway collection has two handwritten pages with possible titles for the book. Most of the titles come from \\\"The Oxford Book of English Verse\\\". One of the possible titles Hemingway considered was \\\"In Another Country and Besides\\\". This comes from \\\"The Jew of Malta\\\" by Christopher Marlowe. The poem \\\"Portrait of a Lady\\\" by T. S. Eliot also starts off by quoting this Marlowe work: \\\"Thou hast committed/ Fornication: but that was in another country,/ And besides, the wench is dead.\\\" Hemingway's library included both works by Eliot and Marlowe. There are at least two copies of the first edition\",\n \"title\": \"A Farewell to Arms\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2252138\",\n \"text\": \"champion, Sir Henry Lee. This is concluded by the sonnet, \\\"A Farewell to Arms\\\", quoted by Thackeray in the seventy-sixth chapter of \\\"The Newcomes\\\" and which served as the title of Ernest Hemingway's novel of the same name. To \\\"The Phoenix Nest\\\" in 1593 he contributed \\\"The Praise of Chastity\\\". Peele belonged to the group of university scholars who, in Greene's phrase, \\\"spent their wits in making playes.\\\" Greene went on to say that he was \\\"in some things rarer, in nothing inferior,\\\" to Christopher Marlowe and Thomas Nashe. This praise was not unfounded. The credit given to Greene and\",\n \"title\": \"George Peele\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9391988\",\n \"text\": \"of Dissent\\\", \\\"A Farewell to Arms\\\" (probably a reference to Ernest Hemingway's novel of the same title, \\\"A Farewell to Arms\\\", which is set during the first World War), and \\\"Halo\\\" deal with politics, the war in Iraq, and organized religion respectively. The band wrote the lyrics about the Iraq War after conducting research and found that \\\"a lot of stuff does not add up\\\", according to Flynn, which angered the band. Machine Head's debut album, \\\"Burn My Eyes\\\", featured a similar song titled \\\"A Thousand Lies\\\" which dealt with the Gulf War. \\\"Slanderous\\\" deals with hate that still exists\",\n \"title\": \"The Blackening\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"681051\",\n \"text\": \"least, the early emphatic phase of a new initiative.\\\" Wells said that \\\"beyond dispute\\\", Crane was \\\"the best writer of our generation, and his untimely death was an irreparable loss to our literature.\\\" Conrad wrote that Crane was an \\\"artist\\\" and \\\"a seer with a gift for rendering the significant on the surface of things and with an incomparable insight into primitive emotions\\\". Crane's work has proved inspirational for future writers; not only have scholars drawn similarities between Hemingway's \\\"A Farewell to Arms\\\" and \\\"The Red Badge of Courage\\\", but Crane's fiction is thought to have been an important inspiration\",\n \"title\": \"Stephen Crane\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7304012\",\n \"text\": \"Farewell to Legs \\\"Farewell to Legs\\\" is a short story by P. G. Wodehouse, which first appeared in the United States in the July 14, 1935 edition of \\\"This Week\\\", and in the United Kingdom in the May 1936 issue of the \\\"Strand\\\". It was included in the UK collection \\\"Lord Emsworth and Others\\\", (1937), and in the U.S. edition of \\\"Young Men in Spats\\\" (1936). It is a golf story, narrated by the Oldest Member. The title is a play on Ernest Hemingway's 1929 novel, \\\"A Farewell to Arms\\\". The betrothal of Evangeline Brackett to Angus McTavish is built,\",\n \"title\": \"Farewell to Legs\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16316151\",\n \"text\": \"of World War I, and the story of the two lovers, Frederic Henry and Catherine Barkley, includes graphic details of a childbirth gone awry. This story strays greatly from traditionalist literature, the majority of American literature at the time, which depicted good prevailing over evil. Some cities, including Boston, banned \\\"A Farewell to Arms\\\" in 1929, labeling the book \\\"salacious.\\\" In addition, Boston in the 1920s censored other novels such as \\\"The American Mercury\\\", \\\"Elmer Gantry\\\", \\\"An American Tragedy\\\", \\\"Strange Interlude\\\", and \\\"Lady Chatterley’s Lover\\\". The rise of censorship in Boston aroused local opposition. The Harvard Crimson in 1929 wrote,\",\n \"title\": \"Book censorship in the United States\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15909651\",\n \"text\": \"You Went Away\\\" (1944), \\\"Duel in the Sun\\\" (1946) and \\\"Portrait of Jennie\\\" (1948). Selznick ceased his independent productions in 1948. Beginning with Carol Reed's \\\"The Third Man\\\" (1949), he entered into a period of co-producing motion pictures with other filmmakers. In 1954, he made his sole venture into television with the production \\\"Light's Diamond Jubilee\\\". Selznick retired from filmmaking after producing an adaptation of Ernest Hemingway's \\\"A Farewell to Arms\\\" (1957). Selznick's productions were the recipients of numerous Academy Award nominations. Two of his films—\\\"Gone With the Wind\\\" and \\\"Rebecca\\\"—won Academy Awards for Best Picture. Six other films that\",\n \"title\": \"David O. Selznick filmography\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"121536\",\n \"text\": \"the last hours of his life are authentic; the bullfighter in the corrida represents the pinnacle of a life lived with authenticity. In his paper \\\"The Uses of Authenticity: Hemingway and the Literary Field\\\", Timo Müller writes that Hemingway's fiction is successful because the characters live an \\\"authentic life\\\", and the \\\"soldiers, fishers, boxers and backwoodsmen are among the archetypes of authenticity in modern literature\\\". The theme of emasculation is prevalent in Hemingway's work, most notably in \\\"The Sun Also Rises\\\". Emasculation, according to Fiedler, is a result of a generation of wounded soldiers; and of a generation in which\",\n \"title\": \"Ernest Hemingway\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16722313\",\n \"text\": \"of that doctrine. As a literary critic, Sydor Rey believed that Boris Pasternak's novel \\\"Doctor Zhivago\\\" was deeply indebted to Hemingway's \\\"A Farewell to Arms\\\", notwithstanding the fact of Hemingway's having been \\\"thick-skinned and effect-driven\\\" as opposed to Pasternak's qualities of fragile intelligence and delicacy. He was an admirer of the works of Thornton Wilder, to whom he dedicated a poem (entitled \\\"Festyn\\\" \\\"A Village Fair\\\"; translated in \\\"The Daily Orange\\\" in 1966 as \\\"Picnic\\\"), acknowledging his indebtedness in the writing of \\\"Księga rozbitków\\\" to the style of Wilder's play \\\"Our Town\\\". His collected papers dating from the period between\",\n \"title\": \"Sydor Rey\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"121503\",\n \"text\": \"die: in 1939 William Butler Yeats and Ford Madox Ford; in 1940 Scott Fitzgerald; in 1941 Sherwood Anderson and James Joyce; in 1946 Gertrude Stein; and the following year in 1947, Max Perkins, Hemingway's long-time Scribner's editor and friend. During this period, he suffered from severe headaches, high blood pressure, weight problems, and eventually diabetes—much of which was the result of previous accidents and many years of heavy drinking. Nonetheless, in January 1946, he began work on \\\"The Garden of Eden\\\", finishing 800 pages by June. During the post-war years, he also began work on a trilogy tentatively titled \\\"The\",\n \"title\": \"Ernest Hemingway\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4513948\",\n \"text\": \"True at First Light True at First Light is a book by American novelist Ernest Hemingway about his 1953–54 East African safari with his fourth wife Mary, released posthumously in his centennial year in 1999. The book received mostly negative or lukewarm reviews from the popular press and sparked a literary controversy regarding how, and whether, an author's work should be reworked and published after his death. Unlike critics in the popular press, Hemingway scholars generally consider \\\"True at First Light\\\" to be complex and a worthy addition to his canon of later fiction. In a two-day period in January\",\n \"title\": \"True at First Light\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16120964\",\n \"text\": \"in \\\"A Farewell to Arms\\\", usually symbolizing love and romance. The story's lyricism and \\\"subtle nuances\\\" are the strongest of the stories in the collection. Its structure is similar to \\\"The Three-Day Blow\\\", which Hemingway would use again in the fishing scenes of \\\"The Sun Also Rises\\\". It begins with frequent use of soft sounds, \\\"snow\\\", \\\"solidly\\\", \\\"surface\\\", \\\"skis\\\", which reflect the movements of skiing. Tetlow says the \\\"sensuous language renders the sensation of flight\\\". The snow is equally visual and tactile. The language captures the rhythm of skiing, with up-and-down movements, the swoop of the slope, yet Nick tries\",\n \"title\": \"Cross Country Snow\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"121455\",\n \"text\": \"Ernest Hemingway Ernest Miller Hemingway (July 21, 1899 – July 2, 1961) was an American journalist, novelist, and short-story writer. His economical and understated style—which he termed the iceberg theory—had a strong influence on 20th-century fiction, while his adventurous lifestyle and his public image brought him admiration from later generations. Hemingway produced most of his work between the mid-1920s and the mid-1950s, and he won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1954. He published seven novels, six short-story collections, and two non-fiction works. Three of his novels, four short story collections, and three non-fiction works were published posthumously. Many of\",\n \"title\": \"Ernest Hemingway\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"121511\",\n \"text\": \"words; added chapters to \\\"The Garden of Eden\\\"; and worked on \\\"Islands in the Stream\\\". The last three were stored in a safe deposit box in Havana, as he focused on the finishing touches for \\\"A Moveable Feast\\\". Author Michael Reynolds claims it was during this period that Hemingway slid into depression, from which he was unable to recover. The Finca Vigia became crowded with guests and tourists, as Hemingway, beginning to become unhappy with life there, considered a permanent move to Idaho. In 1959 he bought a home overlooking the Big Wood River, outside Ketchum, and left Cuba—although he\",\n \"title\": \"Ernest Hemingway\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"121492\",\n \"text\": \"Kert explains, \\\"she never catered to him the way other women did\\\". Late in 1937, while in Madrid with Martha, Hemingway wrote his only play, \\\"The Fifth Column\\\", as the city was being bombarded by Francoist forces. He returned to Key West for a few months, then back to Spain twice in 1938, where he was present at the Battle of the Ebro, the last republican stand, and he was among the British and American journalists who were some of the last to leave the battle as they crossed the river. In early 1939, Hemingway crossed to Cuba in his\",\n \"title\": \"Ernest Hemingway\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"121505\",\n \"text\": \"at the critical reception of \\\"Across the River and Into the Trees\\\", he wrote the draft of \\\"The Old Man and the Sea\\\" in eight weeks, saying that it was \\\"the best I can write ever for all of my life\\\". \\\"The Old Man and the Sea\\\" became a book-of-the-month selection, made Hemingway an international celebrity, and won the Pulitzer Prize in May 1952, a month before he left for his second trip to Africa. In 1954, while in Africa, Hemingway was almost fatally injured in two successive plane crashes. He chartered a sightseeing flight over the Belgian Congo as\",\n \"title\": \"Ernest Hemingway\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"832830\",\n \"text\": \"is the automatic weapon. As he had done in \\\"A Farewell to Arms\\\", Hemingway employs the fear of modern armament to destroy romantic conceptions of the ancient art of war: combat, sportsmanlike competition and the aspect of hunting. Heroism becomes butchery: the most powerful picture employed here is the shooting of María's parents against the wall of a slaughterhouse. Glory exists in the official dispatches only; here, the \\\"disillusionment\\\" theme of \\\"A Farewell to Arms\\\" is adapted. The fascist planes are especially dreaded, and when they approach, all hope is lost. The efforts of the partisans seem to vanish and\",\n \"title\": \"For Whom the Bell Tolls\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8619908\",\n \"text\": \"of the Isonzo including a number in this area but especially the Battle of Caporetto, a heavy defeat for the Italians with 11,000 killed, 20,000 wounded and 265,000 captured. As points of interest, famed World War II German officer Erwin Rommel fought in this battle as a junior officer, and American author Ernest Hemingway drove an ambulance for the Italian Army (see \\\"A Farewell to Arms\\\"). After Caporetto, the Austria-Hungarian advance was forced to stop anyway due to lack of supplies, and after almost a year the Italians were able to reinforce and regain this territory by destroying the Austro-Hungarian\",\n \"title\": \"Fogliano Redipuglia\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2536466\",\n \"text\": \"In this movement Mahler uses an extensive variety of key signatures, which can change as often as every few measures. The middle section features a solo violin and solo flute, which represent the bird the singer describes. The final movement, \\\"The Farewell\\\" (for alto, from C minor to C major), is nearly as long as the previous five movements combined. Its text is drawn from two different poems, both involving the theme of leave-taking. Mahler himself added the last lines. This final song is also notable for its text-painting, using a mandolin to represent the singer's lute, imitating bird calls\",\n \"title\": \"Das Lied von der Erde\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10238910\",\n \"text\": \"released the film on DVD in March 2007, separately and as part of five-disc collection entitled \\\"The Ernest Hemingway Film Collection\\\", where it was packaged with \\\"Under My Skin\\\", \\\"The Sun Also Rises\\\", \\\"A Farewell to Arms\\\", and \\\"Hemingway's Adventures of a Young Man\\\". The Snows of Kilimanjaro (1952 film) The Snows of Kilimanjaro is a 1952 American Technicolor film based on the short story of the same name by Ernest Hemingway. The film version of the short story was directed by Henry King, written by Casey Robinson, and starred Gregory Peck as Harry, Susan Hayward as Helen, and Ava\",\n \"title\": \"The Snows of Kilimanjaro (1952 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2881835\",\n \"text\": \"24 hours of the magazine's publication in the U.S., bloggers published the original English text and a translation into Russian on the Web. On April 19, 2018, the editors of \\\"GQ\\\" published an article titled \\\"21 Books You Don’t Have To Read\\\" in which the editors compiled a list of works they think are overrated and should be passed over, including \\\"Catcher in the Rye\\\", \\\"The Alchemist\\\", \\\"Blood Meridian\\\", \\\"A Farewell to Arms\\\", \\\"The Old Man and the Sea\\\", \\\"The Lord of the Rings\\\", and \\\"Catch-22.\\\" \\\"GQ\\\"’s review included a criticism of the Holy Bible, calling \\\"it is repetitive, self-contradictory,\",\n \"title\": \"GQ\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3003849\",\n \"text\": \"depending on condition. One copy in a near mint jacket was listed for sale in 2009 for half a million dollars. The most valuable jackets are usually those on the high spots of literature. Condition is of paramount importance to value. Other examples of highly prized jackets include those on most of Ernest Hemingway's titles, and the first editions of books such as Harper Lee's \\\"To Kill A Mockingbird,\\\" J. D. Salinger's \\\"Catcher in the Rye\\\" and Dashiell Hammett's \\\"The Maltese Falcon\\\", among many others. Prices for dust jackets have become so inflated in recent years that even early reprints\",\n \"title\": \"Dust jacket\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1984839\",\n \"text\": \"was influenced by the non-Darwinian evolutionary writings of Samuel Butler. He was a founding member of the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds. Hudson's best-known novel is \\\"Green Mansions\\\" (1904), and his best-known non-fiction is \\\"Far Away and Long Ago\\\" (1918), which was made into a film. Ernest Hemingway referred to Hudson's \\\"The Purple Land\\\" (1885) in his novel \\\"The Sun Also Rises\\\", and to \\\"Far Away and Long Ago\\\" in his posthumous novel \\\"The Garden of Eden\\\" (1986). In Argentina, Hudson is considered to belong to the national literature as \\\"Guillermo Enrique Hudson\\\", the Spanish version of his\",\n \"title\": \"William Henry Hudson\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17673648\",\n \"text\": \"bringing her a copy of Ernest Hemingway's \\\"A Farewell to Arms\\\" - the story of a romance with a British nurse. Though she arrived for humanitarian reasons by the summer of 1986 she says she had developed a strong sympathy for the Palestinian cause. Children of the Siege Children of the Siege is a book by Pauline Cutting. It was first published in 1988 by William Heinemann. The book is an account of Cuttings time, 1985-1987, working as a surgeon in the Palestinian refugee camp of Bourj al-Barajneh, in southern Beirut for Medical Aid for Palestinians. Having responded to an\",\n \"title\": \"Children of the Siege\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"121478\",\n \"text\": \"became fascinated by bullfighting. It is at this time that he began to be referred to as \\\"Papa.\\\" The Hemingways returned to Pamplona in 1924 and a third time in June 1925; that year they brought with them a group of American and British expatriates: Hemingway's Michigan boyhood friend Bill Smith, Donald Ogden Stewart, Lady Duff Twysden (recently divorced), her lover Pat Guthrie, and Harold Loeb. A few days after the fiesta ended, on his birthday (July 21), he began to write the draft of what would become \\\"The Sun Also Rises\\\", finishing eight weeks later. A few months later,\",\n \"title\": \"Ernest Hemingway\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12925372\",\n \"text\": \"Bourjaily. Carver was a student at the Iowa Writer's Workshop where he became friends with Bourjaily. Bourjaily's first novel, entitled \\\"The End of My Life,\\\" was heavily influenced by Bourjaily's wartime experiences. Critics said that the novel borrowed heavily from the style and tone of Ernest Hemingway. However, the novel was met with praise and was hailed by critic John W. Aldridge as a war novel on the level of Hemingway's \\\"Farewell to Arms\\\". Bourjaily's second novel, \\\"The Hound of Earth\\\", paints a picture of Cold War America through the eyes of a scientist who helped develop the atomic bomb.\",\n \"title\": \"Vance Bourjaily\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1404062\",\n \"text\": \"poll of the UK's 200 \\\"best-loved novels\\\". In 2007 the book was featured as a plot element in an episode of \\\"South Park\\\" (series 11, episode 6). The Old Man and the Sea The Old Man and the Sea is a short novel written by the American author Ernest Hemingway in 1951 in Cuba, and published in 1952. It was the last major work of fiction by Hemingway that was published during his lifetime. One of his most famous works, it tells the story of Santiago, an aging Cuban fisherman who struggles with a giant marlin far out in the\",\n \"title\": \"The Old Man and the Sea\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5350483\",\n \"text\": \"roe\\\" (verse 3) and \\\"Sweet guinea-pigs do it, Buy a couple and wait\\\" (verse 5). The nature of the song is such that it has lent itself over the years to the regular addition of contemporary or topical stanzas. For example, in 1955 the lines \\\"Even Liberace, we assume, does it,\\\" \\\"Ernest Hemingway could -\\\"just\\\"- do it\\\" and many more were added by Noël Coward in his Las Vegas cabaret performance of the song, in which he replaced all of Porter's lyrics with his own. The song has been revived many times since 1928, although usually with only a limited\",\n \"title\": \"Let's Do It, Let's Fall in Love\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8585585\",\n \"text\": \"film \\\"Sleepers\\\". He also appeared as a government promoter in the Clint Eastwood feature \\\"Flags of our Fathers\\\" and as CIA official Henry Cravely in \\\"Charlie Wilson's War\\\". He was cast as Bert Miller, father of the leading female character, in \\\"\\\", and in \\\"The Adjustment Bureau\\\" played Richardson, a mid-level agent in the mysterious paranormal agency called the Bureau. Slattery narrates the audiobook version of Don DeLillo's 2007 novel \\\"Falling Man\\\", Stephen King's 2008 psychological horror novel \\\"Duma Key\\\", and Ernest Hemingway's 1929 novel \\\"A Farewell to Arms\\\". In 2015, Slattery portrayed journalist Ben Bradlee Jr. in the Academy\",\n \"title\": \"John Slattery\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"832835\",\n \"text\": \"Spanish expression of exasperation \\\"me cago en la leche\\\" (which translates to \\\"I shit in the milk\\\") repeatedly recurs throughout the novel, translated by Hemingway as \\\"I obscenity in the milk.\\\" The book is written in the third person limited omniscient narrative mode. The action and dialogue are punctuated by extensive thought sequences told from the viewpoint of Robert Jordan. The novel also contains thought sequences of other characters, including Pilar and Anselmo. The thought sequences are more extensive than in Hemingway's earlier fiction, notably \\\"A Farewell to Arms\\\", and are an important narrative device to explore the principal themes\",\n \"title\": \"For Whom the Bell Tolls\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"548242\",\n \"text\": \"to Hollywood in April 1932 and negotiated a new contract with Paramount for two films per year, a salary of $4,000 a week, and director and script approval. In 1932, after completing \\\"Devil and the Deep\\\" with Tallulah Bankhead to fulfill his old contract, Cooper appeared in \\\"A Farewell to Arms\\\", the first film adaptation of an Ernest Hemingway novel. Co-starring Helen Hayes, a leading New York theatre star and Academy Award winner, and Adolphe Menjou, the film presented Cooper with one of his most ambitious and challenging dramatic roles, playing an American ambulance driver wounded in Italy who falls\",\n \"title\": \"Gary Cooper\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11005532\",\n \"text\": \"are passed over too abruptly, being suggested rather than told ... Gary Cooper gives an earnest and splendid portrayal [and] Helen Hayes is admirable as Catherine ... another clever characterization is contributed by Adolphe Menjou ... it is unfortunate that these three players, serving the picture so well, do not have the opportunity to figure in more really dramatic interludes.\\\" Dan Callahan of \\\"Slant Magazine\\\" notes, \\\"Hemingway ... was grandly contemptuous of Frank Borzage's version of \\\"A Farewell to Arms\\\" ... but time has been kind to the film. It launders out the writer's ... pessimism and replaces it with\",\n \"title\": \"A Farewell to Arms (1932 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"457170\",\n \"text\": \"edition of \\\"Leaves of Grass\\\", a version that has been nicknamed the \\\"Deathbed Edition.\\\" He wrote, \\\"L. of G. \\\"at last complete\\\"—after 33 y'rs of hackling at it, all times & moods of my life, fair weather & foul, all parts of the land, and peace & war, young & old.\\\" Preparing for death, Whitman commissioned a granite mausoleum shaped like a house for $4,000 and visited it often during construction. In the last week of his life, he was too weak to lift a knife or fork and wrote: \\\"I suffer all the time: I have no relief, no\",\n \"title\": \"Walt Whitman\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7297422\",\n \"text\": \"door, leaving his wife with the other four men in the house. The final tableau vivant (96–98) depicts Ruth sitting, \\\"\\\"relaxed in her chair\\\",\\\" as if on a throne. Sam lies motionless on the floor; Joey, who has walked over to Ruth, places his head in her lap; and Lenny, stands looking on. After repeatedly insisting that he is not an old man, and getting no reply from Ruth, who remains silent, Max beseeches her, \\\"Kiss me\\\" – the final words of the play. Ruth sits and \\\"\\\"continues to touch\\\" JOEY's \\\"head, lightly\\\",\\\" while Lenny still \\\"\\\"stands, watching\\\"\\\" (98). In\",\n \"title\": \"The Homecoming\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12486010\",\n \"text\": \"age of 33, after a career that included a tour as sailing master of James Cook's during Cook's third and final voyage (1776–80). The ship's complement was 46 men: a single commissioned officer (Bligh), 43 other Royal Navy personnel, and two civilian botanists. On 23 December 1787, the \\\"Bounty\\\" sailed from Spithead for Tahiti. For a full month, the crew attempted to take the ship west, around South America's Cape Horn, but adverse weather prevented this. Bligh then proceeded east, rounding the southern tip of Africa (Cape Agulhas) and crossing the width of the Indian Ocean. During the outward voyage,\",\n \"title\": \"HMS Bounty\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4606317\",\n \"text\": \"Across the River and into the Trees Across the River and Into the Trees is a novel by American writer Ernest Hemingway, published by Charles Scribner's Sons in 1950, after first being serialized in \\\"Cosmopolitan\\\" magazine earlier that year. The title derives from the last words of U.S. Civil War Confederate General Thomas J. (Stonewall) Jackson: “Let us cross over the river and rest under the shade of the trees.” Hemingway's novel opens with Colonel Richard Cantwell, 50 and with a heart problem, duck hunting in Trieste, Italy. It then presents his life in a lengthy flashback, with Cantwell thinking\",\n \"title\": \"Across the River and into the Trees\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7568337\",\n \"text\": \"Who breaks a butterfly upon a wheel? \\\"Who breaks a butterfly upon a wheel?\\\" is a quotation from Alexander Pope's \\\"Epistle to Dr Arbuthnot\\\" of January 1735. It alludes to \\\"breaking on the wheel\\\", a form of torture in which victims had their long bones broken by an iron bar while tied to a Catherine wheel. The quotation is used to suggest someone is \\\"[employing] superabundant effort in the accomplishment of a small matter\\\". The quotation is sometimes misquoted with \\\"on\\\" in place of \\\"upon\\\". The line \\\"Who breaks a butterfly upon a wheel?\\\" forms line 308 of the \\\"Epistle\",\n \"title\": \"Who breaks a butterfly upon a wheel?\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16867327\",\n \"text\": \"of Cowan's close friends at \\\"Toronto Star\\\". Hemingway gave Cowan a copy of his first published book entitled \\\"Three Stories and Ten Poems\\\". The gift by Hemingway was a first edition from a printing of 300. It includes a personal inscription and signature by Ernest Hemingway. Cowan's copy of the book is sufficiently valuable to be currently priced at a hundred twenty-five thousand US dollars. Cowan juggled many jobs before ending as a writer and a public relations consultant. During the World War I, he paid his way by stevedoring, and guarding a World War I arms plant. He also\",\n \"title\": \"James Alexander Cowan\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6222966\",\n \"text\": \"Italy during World War I), Ernest was strafed by a British aircraft and severely wounded in the groin. After the war, his impotence served as a constant frustration. He ghost-wrote Sylvia Enos' book, \\\"I Sank Roger Kimball\\\", and was involved in an affair with his client. He accidentally shoots her when attempting suicide while he is drunk. He then shoots himself in remorse. (In our timeline, Hemingway lived to 1961, shooting himself to death but no one else.) In the Southern Victory Series, he never becomes a prominent author—though he does have work published. Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr. becomes Chief\",\n \"title\": \"Historical characters in the Southern Victory Series\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17604392\",\n \"text\": \"came together the second time for a great World War. The waters become treacherous and Singaram didn't get his share of Tamil-language magazines through ships. Penang library provided him solace and introduced Hemingway, Tolstoy, Faulkner, Chekhov and Dostoyevsky to him. His influence of Hemingway was very evident in both his works and he considered A Farewell to Arms his favorite and masterpiece of Hemingway. He believed \\\"A Farewell to Arms\\\" an important milestone in American literature and rated \\\"Anna Karenina\\\" more than \\\"War and Peace\\\". Singaram has written only 2 novels and he was so frustrated by the difficulties he\",\n \"title\": \"P. Singaram\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11485869\",\n \"text\": \"has failed to place among the top four teams only once, in 2012.Below is the list of eight nations that have finished in the top two in Thomas Cup. 2018: 2016: 2014: 2012: 2010: 2008: 2006: 2004: 2002: 2000: 1998: 1996: 1994: 1992: 2018: 2016: 2014: 2012: 2010: 2008: 2006: 2004: 2002: 2000: 1998: 1996: 1994: 1992: 1990: 1988: 1986: 1984: 1981: 1978: 1975: 1972: 1969: 2017 2015 2013 2011 2009 Even though they actually have a balance of strength in all events, they are known for producing many great doubles in the men's category. Their doubles had conquered the\",\n \"title\": \"Indonesia national badminton team\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"121546\",\n \"text\": \"Hall of Fame. Other Ernest Hemingway Ernest Miller Hemingway (July 21, 1899 – July 2, 1961) was an American journalist, novelist, and short-story writer. His economical and understated style—which he termed the iceberg theory—had a strong influence on 20th-century fiction, while his adventurous lifestyle and his public image brought him admiration from later generations. Hemingway produced most of his work between the mid-1920s and the mid-1950s, and he won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1954. He published seven novels, six short-story collections, and two non-fiction works. Three of his novels, four short story collections, and three non-fiction works were\",\n \"title\": \"Ernest Hemingway\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"compressed_ctxs_1":{"kind":"string","value":"{\n \"compressed_prompt\": \"Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\\n\\ntitle: Ernest Hemingway context: when he received a cable telling him that his father had killed himself. Hemingway was devastated, having earlier written to his father telling him not to worry about financial difficulties; the letter arrived minutes after the suicide. He realized how Hadley must have felt after her own father's suicide in 1903, and he commented, \\\"I'll probably go the same way.\\\" Upon his return to Key West in December, Hemingway worked on the draft of \\\"A Farewell to Arms\\\" before leaving for France in January. He had finished it in August but delayed the revision. The serialization in \\\"Scribner's Magazine\\\" was\\n\\nHow many times did Ernest Hemingway revise the last page of A Farewell To Arms?\",\n \"compressed_tokens\": 194,\n \"origin_tokens\": 194,\n \"ratio\": \"1.0x\",\n \"saving\": \", Saving $0.0 in GPT-4.\"\n}"},"compressed_ctxs_100":{"kind":"string","value":"{\n \"compressed_prompt\": \"Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\\n\\ntitle: Ernest Hemingway context: when he received a cable telling him that his father had killed himself. Hemingway was devastated, having earlier written to his father telling him not to worry about financial difficulties; the letter arrived minutes after the suicide. He realized how Hadley must have felt after her own father's suicide in 1903, and he commented, \\\"I'll probably go the same way.\\\" Upon his return to Key West in December, Hemingway worked on the draft \\\"A Farewell to Arms\\\" before leaving for France in January. He had finished it in August but delayed the revision. The serialization in \\\"Scribner's Magazine\\\" was\\n\\ntitle: A Fare to Ar context section as Hemingway the about Barkley' childbirth. novel was first serialized \\\"Scribner's Magazine\\\" in the May 192 to October 192 issues. The book was published in September 1929 with a first-run of approximately 31,000 copies. successA Farewell to Arms\\\" made Heming financially independentThe Heming Edition\\\" was released in July 2012, with dust jacket facsimile of the first edition. The newly published presents an appendix with the many alternate endings Hemingway for the novel in addition pieces from early manuscripts JFK Library\\nway begin May but as late as Heming was on the ending he may havewritten as sevent was published on . Bi M belA Farewell to Ar a major American writer displayed not R Spain1, HemDe in theternoon wanted a compreh treatise on bfight explaining thetor\\\" and \\\"rid\\\" glaries and believed bullfighting: Aare Arms:ure The book became his firsteller, andthe premier American novelacle.\\\" The been adapted times for in929,-part 1966. The 1996 film \\\"In Love and War\\\", directed by Richard Attenborough and starring Chris O'Donnell and Sandra Bullock, depicts Hemingway's life in Italy as an ambulance driver in the events prior to his writing of \\\"A Farewell to Arms\\\". The novel is divided into five sections.\\n\\nHow many times did Ernest Hemingway revise the last page of A Farewell To Arms?\",\n \"compressed_tokens\": 486,\n \"origin_tokens\": 15576,\n \"ratio\": \"32.0x\",\n \"saving\": \", Saving $0.9 in GPT-4.\"\n}"}}},{"rowIdx":277,"cells":{"id":{"kind":"number","value":277,"string":"277"},"question":{"kind":"string","value":"What is the name of the elementary school attended by Lucy, Linus and Charlie Brown in Charles Schulz's Peanuts comic strip?"},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["Oakwood, Warrington","Birchwood","Gorse Covert","Locking Stumps","Birchwood, Cheshire"],"string":"[\n \"Oakwood, Warrington\",\n \"Birchwood\",\n \"Gorse Covert\",\n \"Locking Stumps\",\n \"Birchwood, Cheshire\"\n]","isConversational":false},"target":{"kind":"string","value":"Birchwood"},"ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"id":"525811","text":"early strips. Schulz also added some fantastical characters, sometimes imbuing inanimate objects with life. Charlie Brown's nemesis, the Kite-Eating Tree, is one example. Sally Brown's school building expresses thoughts and feelings about the students and the general business of being a brick building. Linus's security blanket also occasionally displays signs of anthropomorphism. Charlie Brown's pitching mound also sometimes expresses thoughts and opinions (\"Why don't you learn how to pitch, you stupid kid?\"). Schulz received the National Cartoonist Society Humor Comic Strip Award for \"Peanuts\" in 1962, the Reuben Award in 1955 and 1964 (the first cartoonist to receive the honor","title":"Peanuts"},{"id":"5915815","text":"School is out for the summer and Charlie, Linus, Schroeder, and Pig Pen are planning to spend it reading every comic book, watching television, playing baseball, and playing classical music. However, Lucy tells them that she signed them up for camp. The girls are eager to go, but the boys hate the idea. (Charlie adds that it's like finding out that he was drafted.) The boys shove each other to get on the bus, while the girls line up in order. At camp, Charlie is chosen as captain of the boys' camp. The boys and girls have a swim race","title":"It Was a Short Summer, Charlie Brown"},{"id":"6465514","text":"day, Lucy jokingly suggests that Charlie Brown enter the school spelling bee. Linus, however, considers it a good idea and encourages him despite the jeers of Lucy, Violet, and Patty (\"Failure Face\"). Charlie Brown nervously enters the spelling bee and defeats the other children in his class when he spells \"insecure\", a word he considers his trademark. As Charlie Brown studies for the school championship, he and Linus sing a spelling mnemonic (\"I Before E\") as Snoopy accompanies them on a Jew's harp. In class the next day, Charlie Brown freezes when challenged with \"perceive\", but he recovers when Snoopy","title":"A Boy Named Charlie Brown"},{"id":"3089708","text":"also together in an allegiance over a common enemy: Lucy, who harasses and bullies Charlie Brown as much as she does Linus. The two are often seen having discussions while sitting on a street curb or leaning up against the brick wall. At some point in the strip, Linus begins to appear sitting behind Charlie Brown in school, despite being a year younger. Linus generally plays second base on Charlie Brown's baseball team, but has substituted as pitcher for Charlie Brown when the latter has been unable to pitch. On these occasions, Linus's skill has served to propel the team","title":"Linus van Pelt"},{"id":"6465515","text":"plays the song's accompaniment outside the school. Crowned champion, the other kids cheerfully follow him home and sing (\"Champion Charlie Brown\"). Lucy proclaims herself his agent, and when his friends suggest that he continue studying, he is confused. They tell him that he must now take part in the National Spelling Bee in New York City, and he is again filled with self-doubt. As Charlie Brown leaves, Linus reluctantly offers him his blanket for good luck, and the other kids cheer him. Back at home, Linus suffers terrible withdrawal after being separated from his blanket. Unable to withstand it, he","title":"A Boy Named Charlie Brown"},{"id":"525739","text":"He became a shy, timid teenager, perhaps as a result of being the youngest in his class at Central High School. One well-known episode in his high school life was the rejection of his drawings by his high school yearbook, which he referred to in Peanuts years later, when he had Lucy ask Charlie Brown to sign a picture he drew of a horse, only to then say it was a prank. A five-foot-tall statue of Snoopy was placed in the school's main office 60 years later. In February 1943, Schulz's mother Dena died after a long illness. At the","title":"Charles M. Schulz"},{"id":"525776","text":"four-panel gag strip as the standard in the United States, and together with its merchandise earned Schulz more than $1 billion. The strip focuses entirely on a social circle of young children, where adults exist but are rarely seen or heard. The main character, Charlie Brown, is meek, nervous, and lacks self-confidence. He is unable to fly a kite, win a baseball game, or kick a football held by his irascible friend Lucy, who always pulls it away at the last instant. \"Peanuts\" is one of the literate strips with philosophical, psychological, and sociological overtones that flourished in the 1950s.","title":"Peanuts"},{"id":"6465518","text":"anybody. Linus tells Charlie Brown that the other kids missed him at school and that his baseball team finally got their first win of the season, but Charlie Brown says he will never return to school again. As Linus leaves, he points out that the world did not end despite Charlie Brown's failure. Charlie Brown thinks for a moment, gets dressed, and goes outside. He sees the other children playing, and when he spots Lucy as she plays with a football which is the same one he failed to kick earlier, he sneaks up behind her to kick it. She","title":"A Boy Named Charlie Brown"},{"id":"525801","text":"first strip) a beagle, Snoopy. The first addition, Violet, was made on February 7, 1951. Other character introductions that soon followed were Schroeder, on May 30, 1951, as a baby; Lucy, on March 3, 1952; Lucy's baby brother Linus, on September 19, 1952 (after his existence was first mentioned on July 14); and Pig-Pen, on July 13, 1954. Though the strip did not have a lead character at first, it soon began to focus on Charlie Brown, a character developed from some of the painful experiences of Schulz's formative years. In early strips, Charlie Brown was depicted as distinctly younger","title":"Peanuts"},{"id":"5916506","text":"It's Your First Kiss, Charlie Brown It's Your First Kiss, Charlie Brown is the 16th prime-time animated TV specials based upon the popular comic strip \"Peanuts,\" by Charles M. Schulz. It was originally aired 8:00 PM, Monday, October 24, 1977 on the CBS-TV network. The special was directed by Phil Roman and produced by Bill Melendez. It's homecoming at Charlie Brown's school, and he and Linus are among the escorts for the Homecoming Queen and her court. During the Homecoming Parade, Linus tells Charlie Brown that he (Charlie Brown) will be the escort for the Queen, but he is shocked","title":"It's Your First Kiss, Charlie Brown"},{"id":"3089772","text":"Peppermint Patty Patricia \"Peppermint Patty\" Reichardt is a fictional character featured in Charles M. Schulz' comic strip \"Peanuts\". She is one of a small group in the strip who lives across town from Charlie Brown and his school friends (although in \"The Peanuts Movie\" she, along with Marcie and Franklin, lives in the same neighborhood and attends the same school). She has freckles and auburn/brunette hair and generally displays the characteristics of a tomboy. She made her first appearance on August 22, 1966. The following year, she made her animated debut in the TV special \"You're in Love, Charlie Brown\"","title":"Peppermint Patty"},{"id":"1256892","text":"the brick wall. At some point in the strip, Linus begins to appear sitting behind Charlie Brown in school, despite being younger than Charlie Brown. During winter, they often play a game of building snow forts from which they throw snowballs at each other. Charlie Brown's best friend after Linus is Schroeder, and Charlie Brown is also one of the few people Schroeder will allow to lounge on his piano, as he and Charlie Brown are good friends, and knows that Charlie Brown respects his love of Beethoven. In fact, when they were younger, Charlie Brown would read Schroeder the","title":"Charlie Brown"},{"id":"3237642","text":"cartoon, he limits Charlie Brown to only two pitches, a high and low straight ball. Schroeder's most significant act of friendship came in \"Be My Valentine, Charlie Brown\". When Violet offers Charlie Brown one of her used Valentine cards (since Charlie received no Valentines the previous day at his school's party), Schroeder thoroughly chastises her, Frieda, Lucy and Sally for their disregard for his feelings and their selfish motive of relieving their guilt. Charlie Brown, however, tells the girls not to listen to him and accepts the card, although he expresses appreciation for Schroeder's gesture. Charlie Brown is one of","title":"Schroeder (Peanuts)"},{"id":"3237728","text":"football in the September 12, 1956 strip, but only because Schroeder was holding the ball. Lucy was named after Louanne van Pelt, a former neighbor of Charles Schulz in Colorado Springs and, according to David Michaelis of Time Magazine, was modeled after Schulz's first wife, Joyce. Lucy van Pelt Lucille \"Lucy\" van Pelt is a character in the syndicated comic strip \":Peanuts\", written and drawn by Charles Schulz. She is the older sister of Linus and Rerun. Lucy is characterized as a \"fussbudget\", crabby, bossy and opinionated girl who bullies most other characters in the strip, particularly Linus and Charlie","title":"Lucy van Pelt"},{"id":"3323276","text":"an upturned nose. Frieda made her debut on March 6, 1961, when Linus introduced her to Charlie Brown. She was the eleventh permanent character to join the cast, and the first since Sally was born in 1959. She was initially presented, in both the advance press release and the first few strips, as Linus' schoolmate. She sat behind him in class, and although he considered her a friend, he also confessed that because she was such a chatterbox, he hadn't heard a word their teacher said the whole semester. Her most prominent feature is her \"naturally\" curly hair, which she","title":"Frieda (Peanuts)"},{"id":"5915837","text":"ostracized by his schoolmates. On the way to school, he meets Linus and tells him he is frustrated that he cannot enjoy himself like all the other kids at school. But when he notices the Little Red-Haired Girl sitting on a passing bus, Linus immediately realizes that Charlie Brown is in love. Sally does appear and is in love with Linus as usual. During the next-to-last day of school, Charlie Brown agonizes over the Little Red-Haired Girl, trying to think of different ways to get her attention, only to have each attempt fail embarrassingly. First he writes her a love","title":"You're in Love, Charlie Brown"},{"id":"525804","text":"debuted as very young children—with Schroeder and Linus both in diapers and pre-verbal. Snoopy also started to verbalize his thoughts via thought bubbles. One recurring theme in the strip is Charlie Brown's neighborhood baseball team. Charlie Brown is the team's player–manager and, usually, its pitcher, and Schroeder is the catcher. The other characters make up the rest of the team, including Linus as second baseman and Lucy as right fielder. Charlie Brown is a terrible pitcher, often giving up tremendous hits that either knock him off the mound or disrobe him, leaving only his shorts. The team itself is also","title":"Peanuts"},{"id":"5915880","text":"Snoopy inadvertently arrive in a supermarket and mistake it for the art museum. When Linus shows Charlie Brown and Lucy slides that resemble the works he took pictures of, Charlie Brown's hopes of salvaging his grades are shattered. As he waits for his graded report, he expects the worst of it all. However, everything works out for the best, as his teacher assumes his report is a description of an art museum described through the metaphor of a supermarket and she gives him the grade he needs. Peppermint Patty later apologizes to Charlie Brown for saying bad things to him","title":"There's No Time for Love, Charlie Brown"},{"id":"2822478","text":"Unfortunately, a fight ensues between Lucy and Linus over a pencil. The fight spreads, and Charlie Brown decides to leave with his angry friends, leaving Schroeder and Snoopy the only ones singing (\"Glee Club Rehearsal\"). Later, Charlie Brown comes across Lucy teaching Linus about nature the way she views it, with \"facts\" such as bugs pulling the grass to make it grow or snow growing out of the ground in winter. Charlie Brown tries to correct her, but she retaliates with a false explanation, and Charlie Brown bangs his head against a tree in frustration (\"Little Known Facts\"). That evening,","title":"You're a Good Man, Charlie Brown"},{"id":"525807","text":"the strip's first black character, Franklin; a Mexican–Swedish kid named José Peterson; and Peppermint Patty's bookish sidekick Marcie, who calls Peppermint Patty \"Sir\" and Charlie Brown \"Charles\" and sometimes \"Chuck\" (most characters only call him \"Charlie Brown\", though he was known as \"Charles\" to Eudora, \"big brother\" to his sister Sally Brown, \"that round-headed kid\" to Snoopy, and \"Brownie Charles\" to Peggy Jean after misspeaking his name out of nervousness). Several additional family members of the characters were also introduced: Charlie Brown's younger sister Sally, who became fixated on Linus; Linus and Lucy van Pelt's younger brother Rerun, who for","title":"Peanuts"},{"id":"5916511","text":"that at least it was his first kiss and the story ends with him smiling with quiet satisfaction. Audience reaction was primarily positive, but there were two elements about this special that initially caused negative reaction from viewers: It's Your First Kiss, Charlie Brown It's Your First Kiss, Charlie Brown is the 16th prime-time animated TV specials based upon the popular comic strip \"Peanuts,\" by Charles M. Schulz. It was originally aired 8:00 PM, Monday, October 24, 1977 on the CBS-TV network. The special was directed by Phil Roman and produced by Bill Melendez. It's homecoming at Charlie Brown's school,","title":"It's Your First Kiss, Charlie Brown"},{"id":"7918814","text":"day to Susan. Linus tries to ask for her address to send her a Christmas card, and she gives an address that turns out to be fake when the card is returned. When Lucy asks Linus why he's so interested in her, he replies flatly: \"She fascinates me.\" Sally decides to give everyone paper airplanes for Christmas and writes her Christmas letter to \"Samantha Claus\" (her beard being a disguise). After school, a furious Sally blames Charlie Brown for not telling her that she was thinking of Santa Claus. Not knowing how to cut down a Christmas tree, Sally decides","title":"Charlie Brown's Christmas Tales"},{"id":"1256868","text":"and married another man. Charlie Brown is a meek, gentle, innocent, kind-hearted character with many anxieties, and is depicted as being shy. He is a child possessed with significant determination and hope but often fails due to his insecurities. Charlie Brown is always referred to by his full name (with the exception of Peppermint Patty who calls him 'Chuck,' and Marcie and Eudora who call him 'Charles') and his usual catchphrase is \"good grief\". Like Schulz, Charlie Brown is the son of a barber. The character is an example of \"the great American un-success story\" in that he fails in","title":"Charlie Brown"},{"id":"5916172","text":"Birchwood School, Schroeder explains a box labelled \"VALENTINES FOR THOSE WE LOVE\" with a slot for putting the cards in. Charlie Brown brings a briefcase hoping he will get lots of valentines. However, after the cards are passed out, it turns out Charlie Brown got nothing. He got nothing except for a candy heart (a candy heart which reads an impolite comment; \"FORGET IT, KID!\"). Angry, Charlie Brown throws the valentine box out the classroom window. Linus also never gave his candy to Miss Othmar because she left with her boyfriend. Sally who still believes the box of candy is","title":"Be My Valentine, Charlie Brown"},{"id":"5347036","text":"television special \"You're the Greatest, Charlie Brown\". This film contains a rare occurrence where the adults appear on screen, including having their faces entirely visible, as well as speaking comprehensible lines. Paramount Home Entertainment released this film on VHS and Laserdisc in 1995 in 4:3 format, and released it to DVD (cropped to widescreen) on October 6, 2015. This film came three years after \"Race for Your Life, Charlie Brown\". The fifth Peanuts film, simply titled \"The Peanuts Movie\" came 35 years later, in 2015. At Charlie Brown's school, Linus Van Pelt introduces to his class two French students, Babette","title":"Bon Voyage, Charlie Brown (and Don't Come Back!!)"},{"id":"6465519","text":"pulls it away before he can, and welcomes him home and the two look at the audience before the screen fades out. Peppermint Patty and 5 have silent roles. The film was partly based on a series of \"Peanuts\" comic strips originally published in newspapers in 1966. That story had a much different ending: Charlie Brown was eliminated in his class spelling bee right away for misspelling the word \"maze\" (\"M–A–Y–S\" while thinking of baseball legend Willie Mays), thus confirming Violet's prediction that he would make a fool of himself. Charlie Brown then screams at his teacher in frustration, causing","title":"A Boy Named Charlie Brown"},{"id":"7918747","text":"It's Spring Training, Charlie Brown It's Spring Training, Charlie Brown is the 35th prime-time animated TV special based upon the comic strip \"Peanuts,\" by Charles M. Schulz. It was produced in 1992 but unlike previous specials it was not shown on CBS, and remained unseen until Paramount released it on video in 1996 alongside 1966's \"Charlie Brown's All-Stars\". The special was released by Warner Home Video on October 9, 2012, on the DVD \"Happiness is ... Peanuts: Go Snoopy Go!\" The special follows the spring training of Charlie Brown's baseball team, which is having problems. A child named Leland (Frieda's","title":"It's Spring Training, Charlie Brown"},{"id":"6465513","text":"world,\" he says), Linus assures him that he will eventually win at something...but then promptly makes a liar of himself by beating Charlie at a game of tic-tac-toe. That night, Snoopy has a nightmare where he is a World War I flying ace, and is shot down while fighting an aerial battle with an unshown enemy (presumably the Red Baron), and he takes over Charlie Brown's bed. When Charlie Brown stops at Lucy's psychiatric help booth, she prepares slides to show him all of his faults; the experience only leaves him more depressed. On the way to school the next","title":"A Boy Named Charlie Brown"},{"id":"5915839","text":"way home, Lucy and Violet jeer at Charlie Brown for a ridiculous answer he gave in class. Linus defends him by revealing that he loves the Little Red-Haired Girl, but this only gives the girls another way to humiliate Charlie Brown. At home Charlie Brown finds out that his sister is wearing her graduation clothes and Sally tells Charlie Brown that she is graduating kindergarten and is going to the 1st grade. That afternoon, Charlie Brown goes over to Lucy's psychiatry booth, but Lucy, already upset over Schroeder ignoring her after she breaks his piano and Beethoven bust, is not","title":"You're in Love, Charlie Brown"},{"id":"5911677","text":"Why, Charlie Brown, Why? Why, Charlie Brown, Why? is the 33rd prime-time animated TV special based upon the comic strip \"Peanuts\" by Charles M. Schulz. It originally aired on March 16, 1990 and was also nominated for an Emmy. In a departure of the light-hearted themes presented in previous (and subsequent) \"Peanuts\" specials, the story deals with a new character, named Janice, who is diagnosed with cancer. This is the first \"Peanuts\" special of the 1990s. Janice Emmons is a new friend and classmate of Charlie Brown and Linus, who loves to play on the swings. The special begins with","title":"Why, Charlie Brown, Why?"},{"id":"386260","text":"McCovey's foul smash on the preceding pitch. Giants fan (and resident of nearby Santa Rosa) Charles Schulz made a reference to the real world in one of his \"Peanuts\" comic strips soon afterward. In the first three panels of his 12/22/62 strip, Charlie Brown and Linus are sitting on a porch step, looking glum. In the last panel, Charlie Brown cried to the heavens, \"\"Why couldn't McCovey have hit the ball just three feet higher?\"\" Some weeks later, the same scene reappeared in the strip with Charlie Brown exclaiming, \"\"Or why couldn't McCovey have hit the ball just TWO feet","title":"San Francisco Giants"},{"id":"9793173","text":"golf, girls basketball, cross country and tennis. In 2010-11, Loyola won the state championship in girls cross country. In 2011-12, Loyola won state championships in girls basketball, golf and tennis. Loyola has also won state titles in two club sports—lacrosse and inline hockey. Athletic teams are known as the Flyers and the mascot is Snoopy from the \"Peanuts\" comic strip by Charles M. Schulz. Jesuit High School in Shreveport received permission in 1966 by Schulz to use Snoopy as its mascot and Loyola College Prep remains the only school so honored. . The school's athletic teams were originally known as","title":"Loyola College Prep"},{"id":"1256894","text":"and hand signals (one finger means..., two fingers means..., etc.). Charlie Brown received Schroeder's most significant act of friendship in \"Be My Valentine, Charlie Brown\". When Violet offers Charlie Brown one of her used Valentine cards (since Charlie received no Valentines the prior day at his school's party), Schroeder thoroughly chastises her, Frieda, Lucy and Sally for their disregard for his feelings and their selfish motive of relieving their own personal guilt. Charlie Brown, however, tells the girls not to listen to him and accepts the card, although he expressed appreciation for Schroeder's gesture. Peppermint Patty is perhaps Charlie Brown's","title":"Charlie Brown"},{"id":"17287490","text":"leaving school for the summer, Charlie Brown is surprised when the Little Red-Haired Girl chooses him for a pen pal. Linus convinces Charlie Brown he needs to tell the Little Red-Haired Girl how he feels about her before she leaves for the summer. Racing to her house, he discovers she is about to leave on a bus for summer camp. He tries to chase the bus but is prevented from reaching it. Just as he is about to give up, thinking the whole world is against him, Charlie Brown sees a kite fall from the Kite-Eating Tree. The string becomes","title":"The Peanuts Movie"},{"id":"5916263","text":"Brown\" in 1977. \"You're a Good Sport, Charlie Brown\" won Schulz his third Emmy Award for Outstanding Children Special. He previously earned the award for \"A Charlie Brown Christmas\" and \"A Charlie Brown Thanksgiving\". You're a Good Sport, Charlie Brown You're a Good Sport, Charlie Brown is the 14th prime-time animated TV specials based upon the popular comic strip \"Peanuts,\" by Charles M. Schulz. It was originally aired on the CBS network on October 28, 1975. The cartoon begins with Snoopy playing tennis against Woodstock while Linus and Sally are unable to play due to the courts being occupied. (Sally","title":"You're a Good Sport, Charlie Brown"},{"id":"3237719","text":"Lucy van Pelt Lucille \"Lucy\" van Pelt is a character in the syndicated comic strip \":Peanuts\", written and drawn by Charles Schulz. She is the older sister of Linus and Rerun. Lucy is characterized as a \"fussbudget\", crabby, bossy and opinionated girl who bullies most other characters in the strip, particularly Linus and Charlie Brown. Lucy often mocks and intimidates others, especially Charlie Brown and her own younger brother, Linus. She also has a strong unrequited crush on Schroeder. She can be quite antagonistic, playing the villain role in a number of stories. Christopher Caldwell has said about the character:","title":"Lucy van Pelt"},{"id":"3237625","text":"should be the same, rejecting Lucy's love interest in him. The closest Schroeder ever got to playing a real piano was playing his toy piano on the piano seat of one. Aside from Snoopy and Linus, Schroeder is Charlie Brown's closest friend. When Violet Gray gave Charlie Brown a used valentine, Schroeder stood up for him and said that he has feelings and that he deserves better. He seems to genuinely respect Charlie Brown, as both a friend and a baseball manager. Schroeder has short, blond hair and he almost always wears a striped shirt. He is the only boy","title":"Schroeder (Peanuts)"},{"id":"3089709","text":"onto an uncharacteristic winning streak. Upon the introduction of Charlie Brown's little sister, Sally Brown, in 1959, Linus had the desire to marry her. However, as the strip progressed, he outgrew this idea, while Sally on the other hand fell in love with Linus, calling him her \"Sweet Babboo\", much to his displeasure. Linus in turn has an innocent crush on his school teacher, Miss Othmar (later Mrs. Hagemeyer). In some of the later 1990s strips he developed an interest in Lydia, the girl who sits behind him, who keeps changing her name and, as Linus is two months older","title":"Linus van Pelt"},{"id":"3279733","text":"at some point.\" Shermy Shermy is a fictional character from the comic strip \"Peanuts\", by Charles Schulz. Schulz named him after a friend from high school. When Peanuts made its debut on October 2, 1950, Shermy had the first lines of dialogue in the series, ending with \"Good ol' Charlie Brown . . . How I hate him!\" As Peanuts matured, however, Shermy became an extraneous character who was used less and less frequently, until his final appearance in 1969. In a television interview, Schulz said that in the 1950 debut of the strip, it was solely Charlie Brown, Snoopy,","title":"Shermy"},{"id":"5911683","text":"brief rendition of the hymn \"Farther Along\", sung by Becky Reardon. The song played in the background as a tearful and angry Linus struggles to make sense of Janice's illness. Peppermint Patty, Schroeder, Marcie, Franklin, Violet, and Shermy appeared but had no lines. The idea for \"Why, Charlie Brown, Why?\" was conceived by Sylvia Cook, a registered nurse at the Stanford Children's Hospital. In December 1985, Cook sent a letter to Charles M. Schulz, asking him to produce a short animated film about cancer for young patients featuring the \"Peanuts\" characters. Schulz was initially doubtful because of the anticipated high","title":"Why, Charlie Brown, Why?"},{"id":"5933847","text":"like his new job and they are moving back. Just then, Lucy (while on her way to tell Schroeder that his \"sweetie\" is back) gets out of the car and says, \"What kind of a neighborhood is this? It didn't change a bit while we were gone,\" to which Linus says, \"Oh yeah. She's back too,\" before Snoopy throws Linus his security blanket back. Patty, Roy, Pig-Pen, Violet, and Shermy have silent roles. This was released for the first time on DVD alongside \"Charlie Brown's Christmas Tales\" as a CVS Pharmacy Exclusive on November 3, 2009 and then solicited to","title":"Is This Goodbye, Charlie Brown?"},{"id":"3279723","text":"Shermy Shermy is a fictional character from the comic strip \"Peanuts\", by Charles Schulz. Schulz named him after a friend from high school. When Peanuts made its debut on October 2, 1950, Shermy had the first lines of dialogue in the series, ending with \"Good ol' Charlie Brown . . . How I hate him!\" As Peanuts matured, however, Shermy became an extraneous character who was used less and less frequently, until his final appearance in 1969. In a television interview, Schulz said that in the 1950 debut of the strip, it was solely Charlie Brown, Snoopy, and a few","title":"Shermy"},{"id":"5926648","text":"You're the Greatest, Charlie Brown You're the Greatest, Charlie Brown is the 18th prime-time animated TV special based upon the comic strip \"Peanuts,\" by Charles M. Schulz. It was originally aired on the CBS network in March 1979, making it the last \"Peanuts\" TV special of the 1970s. It has been released to DVD by Warner Home Video as a bonus feature to \"You're a Good Sport, Charlie Brown\". It appeared in remastered form in the \"Peanuts 1970s Collection Vol. 2\". Charlie Brown decides to enter the Junior Olympics at his school after it is revealed he is not going","title":"You're the Greatest, Charlie Brown"},{"id":"6114626","text":"Brown School Brown School is a private, nondenominational elementary and middle school in Schenectady, New York in the United States. It provides instruction for about 300 students in grades one through eight. It also offers nursery and kindergarten programs. In September 1893, Miss Helen \"Nellie\" Churchill Brown opened the Brown School in the front two rooms of her family home at 237 Liberty Street, with 12 pupils, age 8-11. During the early 1900s, Miss Brown's School grew quickly and moved several times, to Park Avenue, 1230 Rugby Road, and eventually in 1906 to 1184 Rugby Road within the G.E. Realty","title":"Brown School"},{"id":"3679014","text":"Linus and Lucy \"Linus and Lucy\" is a popular jazz piano composition written by Vince Guaraldi, appearing in many of the \"Peanuts\" animated television specials. Named for the fictional siblings Linus and Lucy van Pelt, it was released in 1964 on the Vince Guaraldi Trio's album \"Jazz Impressions of a Boy Named Charlie Brown\". \"A Charlie Brown Christmas\" introduced the song to a television audience of millions of children beginning in 1965. Since that special, the piece has introduced most of the \"Peanuts\" TV cartoons, with the exceptions of the specials and other TV programs produced between 1979 and 1992.","title":"Linus and Lucy"},{"id":"3651667","text":"self-proclaimed \"Sweet Babboo\"). It is revealed that they have only \"won\" through outright cheating — using a raft equipped with an outboard motor, direction finder, radar and sonar. They also resort to every trick they could think of to hamper or destroy everyone else's chance to even make it to the finish line, much less win the race. The kids are broken into three groups: the boys' group (consisting of Charlie Brown, Linus, Schroeder, and Franklin), the girls' group (consisting of Peppermint Patty, Marcie, Sally, and Lucy), and Snoopy and Woodstock. Charlie Brown is the very reluctant leader of the","title":"Race for Your Life, Charlie Brown"},{"id":"1256901","text":"is often teased by Violet Gray by bragging about how her dad has more possessions than Charlie Brown's, and he has occasionally been able to deflate her. He often tries to befriend her, only to get turned down. Patty, having one of the weakest individual personalities of the Peanuts cast, usually takes part in mocking Charlie Brown when her friends Lucy and Violet, or others, do so. Charlie Brown and Shermy are generous to each other and were considered to be the best of friends before Linus' maturing in the future years of the strip, although Shermy said he hates","title":"Charlie Brown"},{"id":"9027671","text":"while Peppermint Patty is stuck in summer school. He and Snoopy get ready for camp. They ride the bus and Peppermint Patty is there saying goodbye. Charlie Brown realizes that most of his friends are going to summer camp with him. Linus is eating a lollipop and Rerun wants one and goes until he sees Joe Agate play marbles. He then decides at summer camp that he wants to be a marbles champ. Joe Agate (played by Taylor Lautner), the bully, decides to play against Rerun on the false pretense of teaching him the game—and quickly cheats him out of","title":"He's a Bully, Charlie Brown"},{"id":"5915817","text":"Lucy. He pins her hand; but she says that kissing her was a foul, and she is the winner. Back at school, Charlie only comes up with 13 words on his essay that he and Linus are forced to write on the first day, having been caught playing hangman in class. Linus gets an A but Charlie gets a C-. Linus then says \"Oh, well, it was a short summer, Charlie Brown\", to which Charlie gloomily replies, \"And it looks like it's going to be a long winter\". On July 7, 2009, it was released on DVD for the first","title":"It Was a Short Summer, Charlie Brown"},{"id":"4341827","text":"Series to the Oakland A's in a series interrupted by a major earthquake. 1962 World Series (4–3): New York Yankees (A.L.) over San Francisco Giants (N.L.) For the \"Peanuts\" comic strip of December 22, 1962, cartoonist and Giants fan Charles M. Schulz depicted Charlie Brown sitting glumly with Linus, lamenting in the last panel, \"Why couldn't McCovey have hit the ball just three feet higher?\" The January 28, 1963, strip featured a nearly identical scene, except in the last panel Charlie Brown moaned, \"Or why couldn't McCovey have hit the ball even \"two\" feet higher?\" During the 1981 Major League","title":"1962 World Series"},{"id":"5916286","text":"It's Arbor Day, Charlie Brown It's Arbor Day, Charlie Brown is the 15th prime-time animated television special based on Charles M. Schulz's comic strip \"Peanuts\". The subject of the special is Arbor Day, a secular holiday devoted to planting trees. \"It's Arbor Day, Charlie Brown\" premiered on the CBS network on March 16, 1976, which is near the dates in which most U.S. states observe Arbor Day. This is the first special to feature the character Rerun van Pelt (younger brother to Linus and Lucy), who had debuted in the \"Peanuts\" comic strip in March 1973. The musical score features","title":"It's Arbor Day, Charlie Brown"},{"id":"5916170","text":"Be My Valentine, Charlie Brown Be My Valentine, Charlie Brown is the 13th prime-time animated TV special based upon the comic strip \"Peanuts,\" by Charles M. Schulz. It originally aired on the CBS network on January 28, 1975 and aired annually on CBS from 1975 to 2000. It has aired annually on ABC since 2001. Linus is fond of his teacher, Miss Othmar. To prove his point, he buys her a huge heart-shaped box of chocolates. However, Violet warns him it is probably not smart to fall in love with a teacher. But Linus says that he is fond of","title":"Be My Valentine, Charlie Brown"},{"id":"5933518","text":"to the entrance of the big top with his tongue hanging out and his pupils shaped like hearts, then stops. Polly, the dog's trainer, sees Snoopy and pulls him inside. The next day, Peppermint Patty calls Charlie Brown to tell him her school gave all students the day off to see the circus. Charlie Brown tells her that his school will be closed as well, and they decide to attend the circus together. At the circus the children see Snoopy perform as part of a dog act. They all realize it is Snoopy and eventually relish his new career, despite","title":"Life Is a Circus, Charlie Brown"},{"id":"525774","text":"people had described him as a \"secular humanist\" though he didn't know one way or another: In 2013, Schulz's widow said: Primary sources Secondary studies Charles M. Schulz Charles Monroe \"Sparky\" Schulz (; November 26, 1922 – February 12, 2000), nicknamed Sparky, was an American cartoonist. Schulz is known for the comic strip \"Peanuts\" (which featured the characters Charlie Brown and Snoopy, among others). He is widely regarded as one of the most influential cartoonists of all time, cited by cartoonists including Jim Davis, Bill Watterson, and Matt Groening. Born in Minneapolis, Minnesota, Schulz grew up in Saint Paul. He","title":"Charles M. Schulz"},{"id":"5933848","text":"the wider market in 2010. It was re-released as part of the box set Snoopy's Holiday Collection on October 1, 2013. Is This Goodbye, Charlie Brown? Is This Goodbye, Charlie Brown? is the 24th prime-time animated TV special based upon the popular comic strip \"Peanuts,\" by Charles M. Schulz. It was originally aired on the CBS network on February 21, 1983. This special begins, when Linus calls the Brown house, and Sally picks up. She gets very excited that her Sweet Babboo is on the other line. He denies that he is that, and tries to ask if Charlie Brown","title":"Is This Goodbye, Charlie Brown?"},{"id":"525737","text":"Charles M. Schulz Charles Monroe \"Sparky\" Schulz (; November 26, 1922 – February 12, 2000), nicknamed Sparky, was an American cartoonist. Schulz is known for the comic strip \"Peanuts\" (which featured the characters Charlie Brown and Snoopy, among others). He is widely regarded as one of the most influential cartoonists of all time, cited by cartoonists including Jim Davis, Bill Watterson, and Matt Groening. Born in Minneapolis, Minnesota, Schulz grew up in Saint Paul. He was the only child of Carl Schulz, who was born in Germany, and Dena Halverson, who had Norwegian heritage. His uncle called him \"Sparky\" after","title":"Charles M. Schulz"},{"id":"525783","text":"the entire life of the Sunday strip. Most of the other characters that eventually became the main characters of Peanuts did not appear until later: Violet (February 1951), Schroeder (May 1951), Lucy (March 1952), Linus (September 1952), Pig-Pen (July 1954), Sally (August 1959), Frieda (March 1961), \"Peppermint\" Patty (August 1966), Woodstock (introduced April 1967; given a name in June 1970), Franklin (July 1968), Marcie (July 1971), and Rerun (March 1973). Schulz decided to produce all aspects of the strip himself from the script to the finished art and lettering. Schulz did, however, hire help to produce the comic book adaptations","title":"Peanuts"},{"id":"11910794","text":"instructor with Art Instruction, Inc. He was still employed there when he began sketching the characters that later were developed into \"Peanuts\". Several of the \"Peanuts\" characters, including Charlie Brown, Linus, Frieda and \"the little red-haired girl\" were based on Schulz' co-workers and friends at Art Instruction. Other instructors who were friends of Schulz included Louise Cassidy and Jim Sasseville. Louise Cassidy was the basis for the character of Aunty Climax in a short-lived comic strip by Jim Sasseville. In a 1994 address, Schulz said, \"Art Instruction Inc., it was a wonderful place to get started because the atmosphere was","title":"Art Instruction Schools"},{"id":"1063923","text":"A Charlie Brown Christmas A Charlie Brown Christmas is a 1965 animated television special based on the comic strip \"Peanuts\", by Charles M. Schulz. Produced by Lee Mendelson and directed by Bill Melendez, the program made its debut on CBS on December 9, 1965. In the special, lead character Charlie Brown finds himself depressed despite the onset of the cheerful holiday season. Lucy suggests he direct a neighborhood Christmas play, but his best efforts are ignored and mocked by his peers. After Linus tells Charlie Brown about the true meaning of Christmas, Charlie Brown cheers up, and the Peanuts gang","title":"A Charlie Brown Christmas"},{"id":"7864872","text":"Christmas!\" Charlie Brown sees Marcie and thinks that she is going to give him a Valentine's Day card but she does not. Lucy comes up to Schroeder again and talks about saucepans, and, again, Schroeder cannot stand it. Snoopy imagines that he is a wild animal. Charlie Brown, Schroeder, Linus, and Lucy work on their book reports on Peter Rabbit (\"Book Report\"). Lucy teaches Linus about nature in her own way while Charlie Brown tries to correct her, to no avail (\"Little Known Facts\"). Charlie Brown writes a letter to his pencil pal about his downfall at his baseball game.","title":"You're a Good Man, Charlie Brown (TV special)"},{"id":"7918822","text":"It Was My Best Birthday Ever, Charlie Brown It Was My Best Birthday Ever, Charlie Brown is the 38th animated TV special based on characters from the Charles M. Schulz comic strip \"Peanuts\". It is one of two direct-to-video \"Peanuts\" specials that have yet to air on U.S. TV (the other is \"It's the Pied Piper, Charlie Brown\"). The special begins with Linus roller-skating all over town. On his way back from a birthday party, he passes by a garden where he hears someone singing (\"O Mio Babbino Caro\") As he enters the garden, he learns that a little girl","title":"It Was My Best Birthday Ever, Charlie Brown"},{"id":"5933775","text":"Snoopy, Lucy and Linus are caught up with his kite in Snoopy's doghouse is the same thing. A Charlie Brown Celebration A Charlie Brown Celebration is the 23rd prime-time animated TV special based upon the popular comic strip \"Peanuts,\" by Charles M. Schulz, who introduced the hour-long special. It was originally aired on the CBS network on May 24, 1982, and consists of a number of stories adapted from the comic strip. The special was released for the first time on DVD by Warner Home Video on October 4, 2016, as a bonus special to \"Charlie Brown's All-Stars\". The formula","title":"A Charlie Brown Celebration"},{"id":"3323281","text":"see his need for a security blanket as a bad thing, for which he was so grateful that he kissed her hand. Frieda's relationship with Lucy got off to a rocky start when Frieda, as usual, brought up her naturally curly hair almost as soon as they were introduced. Lucy became visibly offended by this, to the point where Linus (performing the introductions) felt it necessary to beg Lucy not to slug her. Despite Frieda's \"faux pas\" the two girls eventually became friends, and when they played baseball for Charlie Brown's team they often spent their time in the outfield","title":"Frieda (Peanuts)"},{"id":"1573351","text":"Charterhouse School Charterhouse is an independent day and boarding school in Godalming, Surrey. Founded by Thomas Sutton in 1611 on the site of the old Carthusian monastery in Charterhouse Square, Smithfield, London, it educates over 800 pupils, aged 13 to 18 years, and is one of the original Great Nine English public schools. Today pupils are still referred to as Carthusians, and ex-pupils as Old Carthusians. Charterhouse charges full boarders up to £39,165 per annum (2018/19) and is among the most expensive Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference (HMC) schools in the UK. It has educated one British Prime Minister and has","title":"Charterhouse School"},{"id":"1063926","text":"have been staged. ABC currently holds the rights to the special and broadcasts it at least twice during the weeks leading up to Christmas. The Peanuts are celebrating the start of the winter season by ice skating on a frozen pond and singing \"Christmas Time Is Here.\" Leaning against a nearby fence, Charlie Brown tells Linus that despite all the traditions of Christmas presents, Christmas cards and decorations, he still winds up depressed, but is not sure why. Linus dismisses Charlie Brown's attitude as typical, quoting Lucy: \"Of all the Charlie Browns in the world, you're the Charlie Browniest.\" Charlie","title":"A Charlie Brown Christmas"},{"id":"7918813","text":"and Linus walk by. Upon hearing that, he quickly switches to \"Christmas Time is Here\" (with Woodstock whistling along). He also attempts to make peace with the ferocious cat who lives next door but it takes a ferocious swipe again. Linus tries to decide what kind of letter he should write to Santa. The next day at school, he meets a girl who repeatedly changes her name. When Linus points out that her name of the day, Jezebel, is a hated Old Testament figure who was thrown from a window to her death, the girl changes her name of the","title":"Charlie Brown's Christmas Tales"},{"id":"525810","text":"World War II (the vicious cat who lives next door to Snoopy—not to be confused with Frieda's cat, Faron), and Charlie Brown's unnamed pen pal, known as his \"pencil-pal\" after Charlie Brown fails to master the fountain pen. Adult figures appeared in the strip only once, during a four-week Sunday-comic sequence in 1954 in which Lucy plays in an amateur golf tournament, with Charlie Brown \"coaching\" her. At no time, however, were any adult faces seen (it was also in this sequence that Lucy's family name, van Pelt, was first revealed). There are adult voices in a few of the","title":"Peanuts"},{"id":"1348689","text":"Halloween. In the cold open, Linus and Lucy go out to the local pumpkin patch to find a pumpkin. Lucy selects the largest they can find, and makes poor Linus the one to get it back to the house. He becomes distraught when it turns out Lucy is going to gut it to be a jack-o-lantern. After the opening credits, Snoopy helps Charlie Brown finish raking a pile of leaves. But then Linus jumps into the heap with a large lollipop. Then Lucy entices Charlie to kick a football . . . with the usual results. Linus is writing his","title":"It's the Great Pumpkin, Charlie Brown"},{"id":"3323280","text":"he told her to mind her own business. Linus was the first character in the series that Frieda met. She sat behind him in school, and after they became friends he took her around and introduced her to some of the other kids in the neighborhood. Not much is shown of their friendship beyond those strips that introduce her, but even that early in their relationship they seemed to look out for each other. Linus tried to protect her the first time she unintentionally upset Lucy (see below), and she in turn was one of the few kids who didn't","title":"Frieda (Peanuts)"},{"id":"5862033","text":"dog takes out a boom box and dances to the title song as the opening credits roll. The next segment shows Peppermint Patty and Marcie at school, followed by a gym class, in which Peppermint Patty leads the other characters in a workout while she sings \"I'm in Shape\". The part of the song where she sings \"Hey Linus...!\" is clearly inspired by Toni Basil's 1982 hit song \"Mickey\". The scene changes to a party at the home of Sally and Charlie Brown. The children begin playing a game of \"Simon Says\" before Lucy takes over the game and sings","title":"It's Flashbeagle, Charlie Brown"},{"id":"2822477","text":"some progress. Charlie Brown steps up to the plate, and despite his valiant efforts, strikes out and loses the game. We learn that this was a flashback, and Charlie Brown expresses his deep sorrow to his pen pal (\"T-E-A-M (The Baseball Game)\"). Lucy takes a crabbiness survey and Linus says that her crabbiness rating is ninety-five. After punching him, she realizes that she, in reality, is really very crabby. Determined not to let what happened at the championship bother him, Charlie Brown decides to join Schroeder's Glee Club and cheer up by singing \"Home on the Range\" with his friends.","title":"You're a Good Man, Charlie Brown"},{"id":"6496927","text":"doesn't know what to do about the Little Red Haired Girl. Linus suggests Charlie Brown should invite her to the school Valentine's Day dance. Charlie Brown agrees, but first asks Linus to talk to her to find out if she likes him. Linus goes over and asks her if she likes Charlie Brown. However, the Little Red Haired girl has no idea there was a kid in their class named Charlie Brown. Later, in class, Charlie Brown tries to impress the Little Red Haired Girl by winking at her. However, before she can notice him, the teacher sends Charlie Brown","title":"A Charlie Brown Valentine"},{"id":"2822472","text":"try to discuss marriage with a musician\" (\"Schroeder\"). Sally is sad because her jump rope tangled up. Snoopy is lying on top of his doghouse, relaxing vacantly and peacefully. He begins to daydream about being a wild jungle beast. In a few minutes, however, he is back to his peaceful state (\"Snoopy\"). Linus enters, holding his blanket and sucking his thumb. Lucy and Sally show up and mock him for this habit. Linus decides to abandon his blanket and move on, only to come running back to it in desperation. After the girls leave, Linus daydreams of a blanket fantasy","title":"You're a Good Man, Charlie Brown"},{"id":"6114632","text":"has also completed construction on a new media center. Brown School Brown School is a private, nondenominational elementary and middle school in Schenectady, New York in the United States. It provides instruction for about 300 students in grades one through eight. It also offers nursery and kindergarten programs. In September 1893, Miss Helen \"Nellie\" Churchill Brown opened the Brown School in the front two rooms of her family home at 237 Liberty Street, with 12 pupils, age 8-11. During the early 1900s, Miss Brown's School grew quickly and moved several times, to Park Avenue, 1230 Rugby Road, and eventually in","title":"Brown School"},{"id":"5915878","text":"There's No Time for Love, Charlie Brown There's No Time for Love, Charlie Brown is the ninth prime-time animated TV specials based upon the popular comic strip \"Peanuts,\" by Charles M. Schulz. It was originally aired on the CBS network on March 11, 1973, and released to DVD as a bonus feature (along with another Peanuts special \"Someday You'll Find Her, Charlie Brown\") on January 2, 2004. It was also released in remastered form as part of the DVD box set, \"Peanuts 1970's Collection, Volume One.\" There are three months of school left and all of the Peanuts gang are","title":"There's No Time for Love, Charlie Brown"},{"id":"10404397","text":"adult learners, including Early Childhood Family Education, GED Diploma, language programs and various learning opportunities for community members of all ages. In 1993, St. Paul became the first city in the U.S. to sponsor and open a charter school, now found in most states across the nation. Saint Paul is currently home to 21 charter schools. In 2006, the St. Paul Public Schools celebrated its 150th anniversary. Notable graduates of St. Paul Public Schools include former U.S. Supreme Court justices Harry Blackmun and Warren Burger, civil rights leader Roy Wilkins, creator of the Peanuts cartoon strip Charles M. Schulz, and","title":"Saint Paul Public Schools"},{"id":"2822470","text":"some of the young stars of Broadway. The six-member “Peanuts” gang featured Joshua Colley as Charlie Brown, Gregory Diaz as Schroeder, Aidan Gemme as Snoopy, Milly Shapiro as Sally, Mavis Simpson-Ernst as Lucy, and Jeremy T. Villas as Linus. Graydon Peter Yosowitz played the role of Charlie Brown from June 1-7. The show ran from May 24 – June 26, 2016. Charlie Brown stands alone as his friends give their various opinions of him, each overlapping the other. Today everyone is calling him a \"good man\". Charlie Brown is happy and hopeful as usual, but he nevertheless wonders if he","title":"You're a Good Man, Charlie Brown"},{"id":"8381652","text":"which were installed in 1938. The building was designated as a landmark by the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission in 1991. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992. Archie Bunker, the fictional character from the 1970s American television sitcom \"All in the Family\", attended Flushing High School. Flushing High School Flushing High School is a four-year public high school in Flushing, in the New York City borough of Queens. The school is operated by the New York City Department of Education. Flushing High School was established by the Village of Flushing in 1875 prior","title":"Flushing High School"},{"id":"18627202","text":"Nicholls has been commissioned for The Old Vic in London, and is in development as of spring 2015. BBC Radio broadcast in 2016 a dramatization, with Margaret Tyzack playing Freddie. At Freddie's At Freddie's is a novel by British author Penelope Fitzgerald. It concerns the run-down, barely viable Temple Stage School, an acting school for children, known as \"Freddie's\", after its headmistress Frieda \"Freddie\" Wentworth. The children regularly perform as fairies in \"A Midsummer Night's Dream\", Arthur in \"King John\", and the Lost Boys in \"Peter Pan\". Freddie is relentless in her commitment to traditional stage acting, and continually rejects","title":"At Freddie's"},{"id":"7918749","text":"how you look, it's how you play the game.\" It's Spring Training, Charlie Brown It's Spring Training, Charlie Brown is the 35th prime-time animated TV special based upon the comic strip \"Peanuts,\" by Charles M. Schulz. It was produced in 1992 but unlike previous specials it was not shown on CBS, and remained unseen until Paramount released it on video in 1996 alongside 1966's \"Charlie Brown's All-Stars\". The special was released by Warner Home Video on October 9, 2012, on the DVD \"Happiness is ... Peanuts: Go Snoopy Go!\" The special follows the spring training of Charlie Brown's baseball team,","title":"It's Spring Training, Charlie Brown"},{"id":"3027750","text":"of the book's main characters, is generally believed to be based on Arthur Penrhyn Stanley. The fictional Tom's life also resembles the author's, in that the culminating event of his school career was a cricket match. The novel also features Dr Thomas Arnold (1795–1842), who was the actual headmaster of Rugby School from 1828 to 1841. \"Tom Brown's School Days\" has been the source for several film and television adaptations. It also influenced the genre of British school novels, which began in the nineteenth century, and led to fictional depictions of schools such as Billy Bunter's Greyfriars School, Mr Chips'","title":"Tom Brown's School Days"},{"id":"10878244","text":"Hollow Fields Hollow Fields is a steampunk-themed original English-language manga written and illustrated by Madeleine Rosca. Volume 1 was released by Seven Seas Entertainment in June 2007, with a second volume released on May 29, 2008, and a third released on January 6, 2009. Volume 4- Titled Hollow Fields and the Perfect Cog released on March 29, 2016. Little Lucy Snow was meant to be enjoying her first day at the nice elementary school in town; however, a macabre twist of fate sees her enrolled instead at Miss Weaver's Academy for the Scientifically Gifted and Ethically Unfettered - also known","title":"Hollow Fields"},{"id":"3612396","text":"appears in \"All Winners Comics\" #19, published by Timely Comics. \"Sazae-san\", by Machiko Hasegawa debuts in Fukunichi Shimbun. \"Li'l Folks\", the first comic strip by \"Peanuts\" creator Charles M. Schulz, debuts mainly in Schulz's hometown paper, the \"St. Paul Pioneer Press\", on June 22. \"Li'l Folks\" can almost be regarded as an embryonic version of \"Peanuts\", containing characters and themes which were to reappear in the later strip: a well-dressed young man with a fondness for Beethoven a la Schroeder, a dog with a striking resemblance to Snoopy, and even a boy named Charlie Brown. The Association of Comics Magazine","title":"1940s in comics"},{"id":"5933837","text":"Is This Goodbye, Charlie Brown? Is This Goodbye, Charlie Brown? is the 24th prime-time animated TV special based upon the popular comic strip \"Peanuts,\" by Charles M. Schulz. It was originally aired on the CBS network on February 21, 1983. This special begins, when Linus calls the Brown house, and Sally picks up. She gets very excited that her Sweet Babboo is on the other line. He denies that he is that, and tries to ask if Charlie Brown is home, but while he is doing so, she asks if he called to ask her to a movie. He gets","title":"Is This Goodbye, Charlie Brown?"},{"id":"5915844","text":"firsts: Additionally similar to the fight sequences of the 1966 \"Batman\" series, it was the only known Peanuts special in which the more intense sound effects are actually spelled out in onomatopoeic words: wiggly R's when Charlie Brown's alarm clock goes off, and a very hard, straight word \"Click-clack\" when he opens some school doors getting to school silently, as he is late (however, in \"The Charlie Brown and Snoopy Show\" episode \"Linus and Lucy\" the word \"Pow\" can be seen when Snoopy punches somebody in Sally's class). This special was rebroadcast yearly on CBS from June 1968 to June","title":"You're in Love, Charlie Brown"},{"id":"3089795","text":"doesn't have a mother. The fate of her mother is never revealed in the strip. Peppermint Patty's dad often calls Patty \"a rare gem\". In the cartoons his voice, like those of all adults, is heard as \"wah-wahs\" (made by musician Dean Hubbard). Peppermint Patty Patricia \"Peppermint Patty\" Reichardt is a fictional character featured in Charles M. Schulz' comic strip \"Peanuts\". She is one of a small group in the strip who lives across town from Charlie Brown and his school friends (although in \"The Peanuts Movie\" she, along with Marcie and Franklin, lives in the same neighborhood and attends","title":"Peppermint Patty"},{"id":"11759896","text":"Little Known Facts \"Little Known Facts\" is a musical number in the Broadway musical comedy, \"You're a Good Man, Charlie Brown\". The music and lyrics were written by Clark Gesner in 1966. The song was in the original Off-Broadway production of the show in 1967 and was also in the revival production in 1999, where it was added an extra stanza by Andrew Lippa. The song is based on several Peanuts comic strips written by Charles M. Schulz. The strips show Lucy van Pelt teaching her younger brother, Linus van Pelt childish facts, that are of course, false. During the","title":"Little Known Facts"},{"id":"525770","text":"and Research Center in Santa Rosa opened on August 17, 2002, two blocks away from his former studio, celebrating his life's work and the art of cartooning. A bronze statue of Charlie Brown and Snoopy stands in Depot Park in downtown Santa Rosa. Santa Rosa, California, celebrated the 60th anniversary of the strip in 2005 by continuing the Peanuts on Parade tradition beginning with \"It's Your Town Charlie Brown\" (2005), \"Summer of Woodstock\" (2006), \"Snoopy's Joe Cool Summer\" (2007), and \"Look Out For Lucy\" (2008). In 2006, \"Forbes\" ranked Schulz as the third-highest earning deceased celebrity, as he had earned","title":"Charles M. Schulz"},{"id":"1460529","text":"and Charlie Brown laugh and happily dance away to conclude a satisfying day, ignoring Lucy's pleads to get her down. Linus eventually pulls Lucy down with his blanket during the closing credits, and Lucy, angry and embarrassed about what happened, gives up and stomps away. It's Magic, Charlie Brown It's Magic, Charlie Brown is the 21st prime-time animated TV special based upon the comic strip \"Peanuts,\" by Charles M. Schulz. It originally aired on April 28, 1981. The special was later released on DVD on September 2, 2008 as a bonus feature on Warner Home Video's remastered deluxe DVD of","title":"It's Magic, Charlie Brown"},{"id":"9027676","text":"marshmallows and sings. The storyline was an amalgamation of several different series of \"Peanuts\" strips; the \"Joe Agate\" storyline originally appeared in the strip in 1995, and the story involving Peppermint Patty sneaking away from summer school to see Charlie Brown at camp was an adaptation of a series of strips from 1989. The special released on DVD as a bonus special in the remastered deluxe edition of \"You're Not Elected, Charlie Brown\" on October 7, 2008 by Warner Home Video. On October 6, 2015, Warner Home Video released the special on its own DVD with \"It Was a Short","title":"He's a Bully, Charlie Brown"},{"id":"653145","text":"a source of entertainment for the others; Sidney and Spotty once send him into a field full of cow pats, with misleading directions for getting out. Despite this, they consider him \"one of the kids\". When he moves to the Bash Street Academy 'Erbert receives contact lenses to improve his sight, discarding them when he returns to his old school. Fatty's real name is Fatty Brown, formerly Frederick Joseph Brown. A large, round boy who is always eating, only in later strips is he ridiculed for his weight; he usually reacts by trying to prove the others wrong, but earlier","title":"The Bash Street Kids"},{"id":"1256902","text":"Charlie Brown on the very first Peanuts strip. Charlie Brown had a notably surprisingly successful romantic relationship with Peggy Jean, although this eventually broke up with him when he realized that she already had a boyfriend. Charlie Brown, along with Snoopy, was ranked eighth on TV Guide's 50 Greatest Cartoon Characters of All Time. Charlie Brown Charlie Brown or Charles Brown Esquire (see “A Boy Named Charlie Brown” movie) is the protagonist of the comic strip \"Peanuts\", syndicated in daily and Sunday newspapers in numerous countries all over the world. Depicted as a \"lovable loser,\" Charlie Brown is one of","title":"Charlie Brown"},{"id":"1533395","text":"Rugby School. Rugby School is one of England's oldest and most prestigious public schools, and was the setting of Thomas Hughes's semi-autobiographical masterpiece \"Tom Brown's Schooldays\". A substantial part of the 2004 dramatisation of the novel, starring Stephen Fry, was filmed on location at Rugby School. Hughes later set up a colony in America for the younger sons of the English gentry, who could not inherit under the laws of primogeniture, naming the town Rugby. The town of Rugby, Tennessee still exists. Rugby is a birthplace of the jet engine. In April 1937 Frank Whittle built the world's first prototype","title":"Rugby, Warwickshire"},{"id":"1256846","text":"boy (\"Charlie Brown\") when asked. He made his official debut in the first \"Peanuts\" comic strip, on October 2, 1950. The strip features Charlie Brown walking by, as two other children named Shermy and Patty look at him. Shermy refers to him as \"Good Ol' Charlie Brown\" as he passes by, but then immediately reveals his hatred toward him once he is gone on the last panel. During the strip's early years, Charlie Brown was much more playful than he is known for, as he often played pranks and jokes on the other characters. On December 21 of the same","title":"Charlie Brown"},{"id":"525769","text":"a different \"Peanuts\" character were placed on the sidewalks of St. Paul. In 2001, there was \"Charlie Brown Around Town\", 2002 brought \"Looking for Lucy\", in 2003 along came \"Linus Blankets St. Paul\", ending in 2004 with \"Snoopy\" lying on his doghouse. The statues were auctioned off at the end of each summer, so some remain around the city, but others have been relocated. The auction proceeds were used for artist's scholarships and for permanent, bronze statues of the \"Peanuts\" characters. These bronze statues are in Landmark Plaza and Rice Park in downtown St. Paul. The Charles M. Schulz Museum","title":"Charles M. Schulz"},{"id":"1256877","text":"Lucy is now able to see Charlie Brown and the gag occurs. Charlie Brown is the manager and pitcher of a baseball team which frequently loses. His entire team is not skilled, especially his right fielder Lucy van Pelt, who is the worst baseball player in the entire \"Peanuts\" universe. Charlie Brown's dog Snoopy, who is his shortstop, is purported to be his best player, his best friend Linus was his second baseman, and his next closest friend Schroeder, his catcher, once commanded the team on \"Bon Voyage, Charlie Brown (and Don't Come Back!!)\" when Charlie Brown, Linus, Peppermint Patty,","title":"Charlie Brown"},{"id":"3279997","text":"playground (Snoopy would bark loudly at anyone who threatened Sally, leading Snoopy to comment, \"I feel like a can of mace!\"), but this ended in disaster when Snoopy saw an old girlfriend of his and ran off to meet her, abandoning Sally and leaving her to get \"slaughtered\" by the playground bullies. Sally has a strong crush on Charlie Brown's friend Linus Van Pelt. She calls him her \"Sweet Babboo\" and when Linus says something Sally finds especially witty or intelligent, she expresses her admiration by asking, \"Isn't he the cutest thing?\" Her crush is a frequent source of embarrassment","title":"Sally Brown"},{"id":"5915600","text":"sung by \"Peanuts\" musical score composer Vince Guaraldi. The plot from \"You're Not Elected, Charlie Brown\" was taken from a story that ran in the comic strip in October 1964, in which Linus runs for school president with Charlie Brown as his running mate. In the original storyline, Linus blows the election (and Charlie's bid for Vice President) after bringing up The Great Pumpkin in his final speech and being laughed off stage–again after leading in the polls at the time. Unlike the television special, Linus' opponent is never seen or mentioned. This special first aired under the title \"You're","title":"You're Not Elected, Charlie Brown"},{"id":"1256899","text":"the two occasionally build sand castles, go to Charlie Brown's house, and watch movies together. Frieda was usually nicer to Charlie Brown than most of the other girls in the neighborhood, which makes them good friends. Unlike Lucy, Patty, and Violet, she seemed to be mindful of his feelings and never teased him or put him down to his face (except for rare moments in the Peanuts specials), though she did get mad at him a few times. She eventually joined Charlie Brown's baseball team as an outfielder but refused to wear a baseball cap because it would hide her","title":"Charlie Brown"},{"id":"6563285","text":"peanut sticking out from the top of his head (which renders him as being not too smart). The boys, along with Mr. Hankey's kids, attempt to revive the Christmas spirit by singing carols on the sidewalk, but are totally ignored. While they lament not getting any presents, Cornwallis begins to wonder about his significance in the world as a piece of poo. While watching a \"Peanuts\" Christmas special, where Snoopy is seen beating a naked Charlie Brown with a board, the boys get the idea to create a short animation to show the townspeople at the local drive-in which they","title":"A Very Crappy Christmas"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"id\": \"525811\",\n \"text\": \"early strips. Schulz also added some fantastical characters, sometimes imbuing inanimate objects with life. Charlie Brown's nemesis, the Kite-Eating Tree, is one example. Sally Brown's school building expresses thoughts and feelings about the students and the general business of being a brick building. Linus's security blanket also occasionally displays signs of anthropomorphism. Charlie Brown's pitching mound also sometimes expresses thoughts and opinions (\\\"Why don't you learn how to pitch, you stupid kid?\\\"). Schulz received the National Cartoonist Society Humor Comic Strip Award for \\\"Peanuts\\\" in 1962, the Reuben Award in 1955 and 1964 (the first cartoonist to receive the honor\",\n \"title\": \"Peanuts\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5915815\",\n \"text\": \"School is out for the summer and Charlie, Linus, Schroeder, and Pig Pen are planning to spend it reading every comic book, watching television, playing baseball, and playing classical music. However, Lucy tells them that she signed them up for camp. The girls are eager to go, but the boys hate the idea. (Charlie adds that it's like finding out that he was drafted.) The boys shove each other to get on the bus, while the girls line up in order. At camp, Charlie is chosen as captain of the boys' camp. The boys and girls have a swim race\",\n \"title\": \"It Was a Short Summer, Charlie Brown\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6465514\",\n \"text\": \"day, Lucy jokingly suggests that Charlie Brown enter the school spelling bee. Linus, however, considers it a good idea and encourages him despite the jeers of Lucy, Violet, and Patty (\\\"Failure Face\\\"). Charlie Brown nervously enters the spelling bee and defeats the other children in his class when he spells \\\"insecure\\\", a word he considers his trademark. As Charlie Brown studies for the school championship, he and Linus sing a spelling mnemonic (\\\"I Before E\\\") as Snoopy accompanies them on a Jew's harp. In class the next day, Charlie Brown freezes when challenged with \\\"perceive\\\", but he recovers when Snoopy\",\n \"title\": \"A Boy Named Charlie Brown\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3089708\",\n \"text\": \"also together in an allegiance over a common enemy: Lucy, who harasses and bullies Charlie Brown as much as she does Linus. The two are often seen having discussions while sitting on a street curb or leaning up against the brick wall. At some point in the strip, Linus begins to appear sitting behind Charlie Brown in school, despite being a year younger. Linus generally plays second base on Charlie Brown's baseball team, but has substituted as pitcher for Charlie Brown when the latter has been unable to pitch. On these occasions, Linus's skill has served to propel the team\",\n \"title\": \"Linus van Pelt\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6465515\",\n \"text\": \"plays the song's accompaniment outside the school. Crowned champion, the other kids cheerfully follow him home and sing (\\\"Champion Charlie Brown\\\"). Lucy proclaims herself his agent, and when his friends suggest that he continue studying, he is confused. They tell him that he must now take part in the National Spelling Bee in New York City, and he is again filled with self-doubt. As Charlie Brown leaves, Linus reluctantly offers him his blanket for good luck, and the other kids cheer him. Back at home, Linus suffers terrible withdrawal after being separated from his blanket. Unable to withstand it, he\",\n \"title\": \"A Boy Named Charlie Brown\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"525739\",\n \"text\": \"He became a shy, timid teenager, perhaps as a result of being the youngest in his class at Central High School. One well-known episode in his high school life was the rejection of his drawings by his high school yearbook, which he referred to in Peanuts years later, when he had Lucy ask Charlie Brown to sign a picture he drew of a horse, only to then say it was a prank. A five-foot-tall statue of Snoopy was placed in the school's main office 60 years later. In February 1943, Schulz's mother Dena died after a long illness. At the\",\n \"title\": \"Charles M. Schulz\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"525776\",\n \"text\": \"four-panel gag strip as the standard in the United States, and together with its merchandise earned Schulz more than $1 billion. The strip focuses entirely on a social circle of young children, where adults exist but are rarely seen or heard. The main character, Charlie Brown, is meek, nervous, and lacks self-confidence. He is unable to fly a kite, win a baseball game, or kick a football held by his irascible friend Lucy, who always pulls it away at the last instant. \\\"Peanuts\\\" is one of the literate strips with philosophical, psychological, and sociological overtones that flourished in the 1950s.\",\n \"title\": \"Peanuts\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6465518\",\n \"text\": \"anybody. Linus tells Charlie Brown that the other kids missed him at school and that his baseball team finally got their first win of the season, but Charlie Brown says he will never return to school again. As Linus leaves, he points out that the world did not end despite Charlie Brown's failure. Charlie Brown thinks for a moment, gets dressed, and goes outside. He sees the other children playing, and when he spots Lucy as she plays with a football which is the same one he failed to kick earlier, he sneaks up behind her to kick it. She\",\n \"title\": \"A Boy Named Charlie Brown\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"525801\",\n \"text\": \"first strip) a beagle, Snoopy. The first addition, Violet, was made on February 7, 1951. Other character introductions that soon followed were Schroeder, on May 30, 1951, as a baby; Lucy, on March 3, 1952; Lucy's baby brother Linus, on September 19, 1952 (after his existence was first mentioned on July 14); and Pig-Pen, on July 13, 1954. Though the strip did not have a lead character at first, it soon began to focus on Charlie Brown, a character developed from some of the painful experiences of Schulz's formative years. In early strips, Charlie Brown was depicted as distinctly younger\",\n \"title\": \"Peanuts\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5916506\",\n \"text\": \"It's Your First Kiss, Charlie Brown It's Your First Kiss, Charlie Brown is the 16th prime-time animated TV specials based upon the popular comic strip \\\"Peanuts,\\\" by Charles M. Schulz. It was originally aired 8:00 PM, Monday, October 24, 1977 on the CBS-TV network. The special was directed by Phil Roman and produced by Bill Melendez. It's homecoming at Charlie Brown's school, and he and Linus are among the escorts for the Homecoming Queen and her court. During the Homecoming Parade, Linus tells Charlie Brown that he (Charlie Brown) will be the escort for the Queen, but he is shocked\",\n \"title\": \"It's Your First Kiss, Charlie Brown\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3089772\",\n \"text\": \"Peppermint Patty Patricia \\\"Peppermint Patty\\\" Reichardt is a fictional character featured in Charles M. Schulz' comic strip \\\"Peanuts\\\". She is one of a small group in the strip who lives across town from Charlie Brown and his school friends (although in \\\"The Peanuts Movie\\\" she, along with Marcie and Franklin, lives in the same neighborhood and attends the same school). She has freckles and auburn/brunette hair and generally displays the characteristics of a tomboy. She made her first appearance on August 22, 1966. The following year, she made her animated debut in the TV special \\\"You're in Love, Charlie Brown\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"Peppermint Patty\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1256892\",\n \"text\": \"the brick wall. At some point in the strip, Linus begins to appear sitting behind Charlie Brown in school, despite being younger than Charlie Brown. During winter, they often play a game of building snow forts from which they throw snowballs at each other. Charlie Brown's best friend after Linus is Schroeder, and Charlie Brown is also one of the few people Schroeder will allow to lounge on his piano, as he and Charlie Brown are good friends, and knows that Charlie Brown respects his love of Beethoven. In fact, when they were younger, Charlie Brown would read Schroeder the\",\n \"title\": \"Charlie Brown\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3237642\",\n \"text\": \"cartoon, he limits Charlie Brown to only two pitches, a high and low straight ball. Schroeder's most significant act of friendship came in \\\"Be My Valentine, Charlie Brown\\\". When Violet offers Charlie Brown one of her used Valentine cards (since Charlie received no Valentines the previous day at his school's party), Schroeder thoroughly chastises her, Frieda, Lucy and Sally for their disregard for his feelings and their selfish motive of relieving their guilt. Charlie Brown, however, tells the girls not to listen to him and accepts the card, although he expresses appreciation for Schroeder's gesture. Charlie Brown is one of\",\n \"title\": \"Schroeder (Peanuts)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3237728\",\n \"text\": \"football in the September 12, 1956 strip, but only because Schroeder was holding the ball. Lucy was named after Louanne van Pelt, a former neighbor of Charles Schulz in Colorado Springs and, according to David Michaelis of Time Magazine, was modeled after Schulz's first wife, Joyce. Lucy van Pelt Lucille \\\"Lucy\\\" van Pelt is a character in the syndicated comic strip \\\":Peanuts\\\", written and drawn by Charles Schulz. She is the older sister of Linus and Rerun. Lucy is characterized as a \\\"fussbudget\\\", crabby, bossy and opinionated girl who bullies most other characters in the strip, particularly Linus and Charlie\",\n \"title\": \"Lucy van Pelt\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3323276\",\n \"text\": \"an upturned nose. Frieda made her debut on March 6, 1961, when Linus introduced her to Charlie Brown. She was the eleventh permanent character to join the cast, and the first since Sally was born in 1959. She was initially presented, in both the advance press release and the first few strips, as Linus' schoolmate. She sat behind him in class, and although he considered her a friend, he also confessed that because she was such a chatterbox, he hadn't heard a word their teacher said the whole semester. Her most prominent feature is her \\\"naturally\\\" curly hair, which she\",\n \"title\": \"Frieda (Peanuts)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5915837\",\n \"text\": \"ostracized by his schoolmates. On the way to school, he meets Linus and tells him he is frustrated that he cannot enjoy himself like all the other kids at school. But when he notices the Little Red-Haired Girl sitting on a passing bus, Linus immediately realizes that Charlie Brown is in love. Sally does appear and is in love with Linus as usual. During the next-to-last day of school, Charlie Brown agonizes over the Little Red-Haired Girl, trying to think of different ways to get her attention, only to have each attempt fail embarrassingly. First he writes her a love\",\n \"title\": \"You're in Love, Charlie Brown\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"525804\",\n \"text\": \"debuted as very young children—with Schroeder and Linus both in diapers and pre-verbal. Snoopy also started to verbalize his thoughts via thought bubbles. One recurring theme in the strip is Charlie Brown's neighborhood baseball team. Charlie Brown is the team's player–manager and, usually, its pitcher, and Schroeder is the catcher. The other characters make up the rest of the team, including Linus as second baseman and Lucy as right fielder. Charlie Brown is a terrible pitcher, often giving up tremendous hits that either knock him off the mound or disrobe him, leaving only his shorts. The team itself is also\",\n \"title\": \"Peanuts\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5915880\",\n \"text\": \"Snoopy inadvertently arrive in a supermarket and mistake it for the art museum. When Linus shows Charlie Brown and Lucy slides that resemble the works he took pictures of, Charlie Brown's hopes of salvaging his grades are shattered. As he waits for his graded report, he expects the worst of it all. However, everything works out for the best, as his teacher assumes his report is a description of an art museum described through the metaphor of a supermarket and she gives him the grade he needs. Peppermint Patty later apologizes to Charlie Brown for saying bad things to him\",\n \"title\": \"There's No Time for Love, Charlie Brown\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2822478\",\n \"text\": \"Unfortunately, a fight ensues between Lucy and Linus over a pencil. The fight spreads, and Charlie Brown decides to leave with his angry friends, leaving Schroeder and Snoopy the only ones singing (\\\"Glee Club Rehearsal\\\"). Later, Charlie Brown comes across Lucy teaching Linus about nature the way she views it, with \\\"facts\\\" such as bugs pulling the grass to make it grow or snow growing out of the ground in winter. Charlie Brown tries to correct her, but she retaliates with a false explanation, and Charlie Brown bangs his head against a tree in frustration (\\\"Little Known Facts\\\"). That evening,\",\n \"title\": \"You're a Good Man, Charlie Brown\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"525807\",\n \"text\": \"the strip's first black character, Franklin; a Mexican–Swedish kid named José Peterson; and Peppermint Patty's bookish sidekick Marcie, who calls Peppermint Patty \\\"Sir\\\" and Charlie Brown \\\"Charles\\\" and sometimes \\\"Chuck\\\" (most characters only call him \\\"Charlie Brown\\\", though he was known as \\\"Charles\\\" to Eudora, \\\"big brother\\\" to his sister Sally Brown, \\\"that round-headed kid\\\" to Snoopy, and \\\"Brownie Charles\\\" to Peggy Jean after misspeaking his name out of nervousness). Several additional family members of the characters were also introduced: Charlie Brown's younger sister Sally, who became fixated on Linus; Linus and Lucy van Pelt's younger brother Rerun, who for\",\n \"title\": \"Peanuts\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5916511\",\n \"text\": \"that at least it was his first kiss and the story ends with him smiling with quiet satisfaction. Audience reaction was primarily positive, but there were two elements about this special that initially caused negative reaction from viewers: It's Your First Kiss, Charlie Brown It's Your First Kiss, Charlie Brown is the 16th prime-time animated TV specials based upon the popular comic strip \\\"Peanuts,\\\" by Charles M. Schulz. It was originally aired 8:00 PM, Monday, October 24, 1977 on the CBS-TV network. The special was directed by Phil Roman and produced by Bill Melendez. It's homecoming at Charlie Brown's school,\",\n \"title\": \"It's Your First Kiss, Charlie Brown\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7918814\",\n \"text\": \"day to Susan. Linus tries to ask for her address to send her a Christmas card, and she gives an address that turns out to be fake when the card is returned. When Lucy asks Linus why he's so interested in her, he replies flatly: \\\"She fascinates me.\\\" Sally decides to give everyone paper airplanes for Christmas and writes her Christmas letter to \\\"Samantha Claus\\\" (her beard being a disguise). After school, a furious Sally blames Charlie Brown for not telling her that she was thinking of Santa Claus. Not knowing how to cut down a Christmas tree, Sally decides\",\n \"title\": \"Charlie Brown's Christmas Tales\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1256868\",\n \"text\": \"and married another man. Charlie Brown is a meek, gentle, innocent, kind-hearted character with many anxieties, and is depicted as being shy. He is a child possessed with significant determination and hope but often fails due to his insecurities. Charlie Brown is always referred to by his full name (with the exception of Peppermint Patty who calls him 'Chuck,' and Marcie and Eudora who call him 'Charles') and his usual catchphrase is \\\"good grief\\\". Like Schulz, Charlie Brown is the son of a barber. The character is an example of \\\"the great American un-success story\\\" in that he fails in\",\n \"title\": \"Charlie Brown\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5916172\",\n \"text\": \"Birchwood School, Schroeder explains a box labelled \\\"VALENTINES FOR THOSE WE LOVE\\\" with a slot for putting the cards in. Charlie Brown brings a briefcase hoping he will get lots of valentines. However, after the cards are passed out, it turns out Charlie Brown got nothing. He got nothing except for a candy heart (a candy heart which reads an impolite comment; \\\"FORGET IT, KID!\\\"). Angry, Charlie Brown throws the valentine box out the classroom window. Linus also never gave his candy to Miss Othmar because she left with her boyfriend. Sally who still believes the box of candy is\",\n \"title\": \"Be My Valentine, Charlie Brown\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5347036\",\n \"text\": \"television special \\\"You're the Greatest, Charlie Brown\\\". This film contains a rare occurrence where the adults appear on screen, including having their faces entirely visible, as well as speaking comprehensible lines. Paramount Home Entertainment released this film on VHS and Laserdisc in 1995 in 4:3 format, and released it to DVD (cropped to widescreen) on October 6, 2015. This film came three years after \\\"Race for Your Life, Charlie Brown\\\". The fifth Peanuts film, simply titled \\\"The Peanuts Movie\\\" came 35 years later, in 2015. At Charlie Brown's school, Linus Van Pelt introduces to his class two French students, Babette\",\n \"title\": \"Bon Voyage, Charlie Brown (and Don't Come Back!!)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6465519\",\n \"text\": \"pulls it away before he can, and welcomes him home and the two look at the audience before the screen fades out. Peppermint Patty and 5 have silent roles. The film was partly based on a series of \\\"Peanuts\\\" comic strips originally published in newspapers in 1966. That story had a much different ending: Charlie Brown was eliminated in his class spelling bee right away for misspelling the word \\\"maze\\\" (\\\"M–A–Y–S\\\" while thinking of baseball legend Willie Mays), thus confirming Violet's prediction that he would make a fool of himself. Charlie Brown then screams at his teacher in frustration, causing\",\n \"title\": \"A Boy Named Charlie Brown\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7918747\",\n \"text\": \"It's Spring Training, Charlie Brown It's Spring Training, Charlie Brown is the 35th prime-time animated TV special based upon the comic strip \\\"Peanuts,\\\" by Charles M. Schulz. It was produced in 1992 but unlike previous specials it was not shown on CBS, and remained unseen until Paramount released it on video in 1996 alongside 1966's \\\"Charlie Brown's All-Stars\\\". The special was released by Warner Home Video on October 9, 2012, on the DVD \\\"Happiness is ... Peanuts: Go Snoopy Go!\\\" The special follows the spring training of Charlie Brown's baseball team, which is having problems. A child named Leland (Frieda's\",\n \"title\": \"It's Spring Training, Charlie Brown\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6465513\",\n \"text\": \"world,\\\" he says), Linus assures him that he will eventually win at something...but then promptly makes a liar of himself by beating Charlie at a game of tic-tac-toe. That night, Snoopy has a nightmare where he is a World War I flying ace, and is shot down while fighting an aerial battle with an unshown enemy (presumably the Red Baron), and he takes over Charlie Brown's bed. When Charlie Brown stops at Lucy's psychiatric help booth, she prepares slides to show him all of his faults; the experience only leaves him more depressed. On the way to school the next\",\n \"title\": \"A Boy Named Charlie Brown\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5915839\",\n \"text\": \"way home, Lucy and Violet jeer at Charlie Brown for a ridiculous answer he gave in class. Linus defends him by revealing that he loves the Little Red-Haired Girl, but this only gives the girls another way to humiliate Charlie Brown. At home Charlie Brown finds out that his sister is wearing her graduation clothes and Sally tells Charlie Brown that she is graduating kindergarten and is going to the 1st grade. That afternoon, Charlie Brown goes over to Lucy's psychiatry booth, but Lucy, already upset over Schroeder ignoring her after she breaks his piano and Beethoven bust, is not\",\n \"title\": \"You're in Love, Charlie Brown\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5911677\",\n \"text\": \"Why, Charlie Brown, Why? Why, Charlie Brown, Why? is the 33rd prime-time animated TV special based upon the comic strip \\\"Peanuts\\\" by Charles M. Schulz. It originally aired on March 16, 1990 and was also nominated for an Emmy. In a departure of the light-hearted themes presented in previous (and subsequent) \\\"Peanuts\\\" specials, the story deals with a new character, named Janice, who is diagnosed with cancer. This is the first \\\"Peanuts\\\" special of the 1990s. Janice Emmons is a new friend and classmate of Charlie Brown and Linus, who loves to play on the swings. The special begins with\",\n \"title\": \"Why, Charlie Brown, Why?\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"386260\",\n \"text\": \"McCovey's foul smash on the preceding pitch. Giants fan (and resident of nearby Santa Rosa) Charles Schulz made a reference to the real world in one of his \\\"Peanuts\\\" comic strips soon afterward. In the first three panels of his 12/22/62 strip, Charlie Brown and Linus are sitting on a porch step, looking glum. In the last panel, Charlie Brown cried to the heavens, \\\"\\\"Why couldn't McCovey have hit the ball just three feet higher?\\\"\\\" Some weeks later, the same scene reappeared in the strip with Charlie Brown exclaiming, \\\"\\\"Or why couldn't McCovey have hit the ball just TWO feet\",\n \"title\": \"San Francisco Giants\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9793173\",\n \"text\": \"golf, girls basketball, cross country and tennis. In 2010-11, Loyola won the state championship in girls cross country. In 2011-12, Loyola won state championships in girls basketball, golf and tennis. Loyola has also won state titles in two club sports—lacrosse and inline hockey. Athletic teams are known as the Flyers and the mascot is Snoopy from the \\\"Peanuts\\\" comic strip by Charles M. Schulz. Jesuit High School in Shreveport received permission in 1966 by Schulz to use Snoopy as its mascot and Loyola College Prep remains the only school so honored. . The school's athletic teams were originally known as\",\n \"title\": \"Loyola College Prep\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1256894\",\n \"text\": \"and hand signals (one finger means..., two fingers means..., etc.). Charlie Brown received Schroeder's most significant act of friendship in \\\"Be My Valentine, Charlie Brown\\\". When Violet offers Charlie Brown one of her used Valentine cards (since Charlie received no Valentines the prior day at his school's party), Schroeder thoroughly chastises her, Frieda, Lucy and Sally for their disregard for his feelings and their selfish motive of relieving their own personal guilt. Charlie Brown, however, tells the girls not to listen to him and accepts the card, although he expressed appreciation for Schroeder's gesture. Peppermint Patty is perhaps Charlie Brown's\",\n \"title\": \"Charlie Brown\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17287490\",\n \"text\": \"leaving school for the summer, Charlie Brown is surprised when the Little Red-Haired Girl chooses him for a pen pal. Linus convinces Charlie Brown he needs to tell the Little Red-Haired Girl how he feels about her before she leaves for the summer. Racing to her house, he discovers she is about to leave on a bus for summer camp. He tries to chase the bus but is prevented from reaching it. Just as he is about to give up, thinking the whole world is against him, Charlie Brown sees a kite fall from the Kite-Eating Tree. The string becomes\",\n \"title\": \"The Peanuts Movie\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5916263\",\n \"text\": \"Brown\\\" in 1977. \\\"You're a Good Sport, Charlie Brown\\\" won Schulz his third Emmy Award for Outstanding Children Special. He previously earned the award for \\\"A Charlie Brown Christmas\\\" and \\\"A Charlie Brown Thanksgiving\\\". You're a Good Sport, Charlie Brown You're a Good Sport, Charlie Brown is the 14th prime-time animated TV specials based upon the popular comic strip \\\"Peanuts,\\\" by Charles M. Schulz. It was originally aired on the CBS network on October 28, 1975. The cartoon begins with Snoopy playing tennis against Woodstock while Linus and Sally are unable to play due to the courts being occupied. (Sally\",\n \"title\": \"You're a Good Sport, Charlie Brown\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3237719\",\n \"text\": \"Lucy van Pelt Lucille \\\"Lucy\\\" van Pelt is a character in the syndicated comic strip \\\":Peanuts\\\", written and drawn by Charles Schulz. She is the older sister of Linus and Rerun. Lucy is characterized as a \\\"fussbudget\\\", crabby, bossy and opinionated girl who bullies most other characters in the strip, particularly Linus and Charlie Brown. Lucy often mocks and intimidates others, especially Charlie Brown and her own younger brother, Linus. She also has a strong unrequited crush on Schroeder. She can be quite antagonistic, playing the villain role in a number of stories. Christopher Caldwell has said about the character:\",\n \"title\": \"Lucy van Pelt\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3237625\",\n \"text\": \"should be the same, rejecting Lucy's love interest in him. The closest Schroeder ever got to playing a real piano was playing his toy piano on the piano seat of one. Aside from Snoopy and Linus, Schroeder is Charlie Brown's closest friend. When Violet Gray gave Charlie Brown a used valentine, Schroeder stood up for him and said that he has feelings and that he deserves better. He seems to genuinely respect Charlie Brown, as both a friend and a baseball manager. Schroeder has short, blond hair and he almost always wears a striped shirt. He is the only boy\",\n \"title\": \"Schroeder (Peanuts)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3089709\",\n \"text\": \"onto an uncharacteristic winning streak. Upon the introduction of Charlie Brown's little sister, Sally Brown, in 1959, Linus had the desire to marry her. However, as the strip progressed, he outgrew this idea, while Sally on the other hand fell in love with Linus, calling him her \\\"Sweet Babboo\\\", much to his displeasure. Linus in turn has an innocent crush on his school teacher, Miss Othmar (later Mrs. Hagemeyer). In some of the later 1990s strips he developed an interest in Lydia, the girl who sits behind him, who keeps changing her name and, as Linus is two months older\",\n \"title\": \"Linus van Pelt\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3279733\",\n \"text\": \"at some point.\\\" Shermy Shermy is a fictional character from the comic strip \\\"Peanuts\\\", by Charles Schulz. Schulz named him after a friend from high school. When Peanuts made its debut on October 2, 1950, Shermy had the first lines of dialogue in the series, ending with \\\"Good ol' Charlie Brown . . . How I hate him!\\\" As Peanuts matured, however, Shermy became an extraneous character who was used less and less frequently, until his final appearance in 1969. In a television interview, Schulz said that in the 1950 debut of the strip, it was solely Charlie Brown, Snoopy,\",\n \"title\": \"Shermy\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5911683\",\n \"text\": \"brief rendition of the hymn \\\"Farther Along\\\", sung by Becky Reardon. The song played in the background as a tearful and angry Linus struggles to make sense of Janice's illness. Peppermint Patty, Schroeder, Marcie, Franklin, Violet, and Shermy appeared but had no lines. The idea for \\\"Why, Charlie Brown, Why?\\\" was conceived by Sylvia Cook, a registered nurse at the Stanford Children's Hospital. In December 1985, Cook sent a letter to Charles M. Schulz, asking him to produce a short animated film about cancer for young patients featuring the \\\"Peanuts\\\" characters. Schulz was initially doubtful because of the anticipated high\",\n \"title\": \"Why, Charlie Brown, Why?\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5933847\",\n \"text\": \"like his new job and they are moving back. Just then, Lucy (while on her way to tell Schroeder that his \\\"sweetie\\\" is back) gets out of the car and says, \\\"What kind of a neighborhood is this? It didn't change a bit while we were gone,\\\" to which Linus says, \\\"Oh yeah. She's back too,\\\" before Snoopy throws Linus his security blanket back. Patty, Roy, Pig-Pen, Violet, and Shermy have silent roles. This was released for the first time on DVD alongside \\\"Charlie Brown's Christmas Tales\\\" as a CVS Pharmacy Exclusive on November 3, 2009 and then solicited to\",\n \"title\": \"Is This Goodbye, Charlie Brown?\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3279723\",\n \"text\": \"Shermy Shermy is a fictional character from the comic strip \\\"Peanuts\\\", by Charles Schulz. Schulz named him after a friend from high school. When Peanuts made its debut on October 2, 1950, Shermy had the first lines of dialogue in the series, ending with \\\"Good ol' Charlie Brown . . . How I hate him!\\\" As Peanuts matured, however, Shermy became an extraneous character who was used less and less frequently, until his final appearance in 1969. In a television interview, Schulz said that in the 1950 debut of the strip, it was solely Charlie Brown, Snoopy, and a few\",\n \"title\": \"Shermy\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5926648\",\n \"text\": \"You're the Greatest, Charlie Brown You're the Greatest, Charlie Brown is the 18th prime-time animated TV special based upon the comic strip \\\"Peanuts,\\\" by Charles M. Schulz. It was originally aired on the CBS network in March 1979, making it the last \\\"Peanuts\\\" TV special of the 1970s. It has been released to DVD by Warner Home Video as a bonus feature to \\\"You're a Good Sport, Charlie Brown\\\". It appeared in remastered form in the \\\"Peanuts 1970s Collection Vol. 2\\\". Charlie Brown decides to enter the Junior Olympics at his school after it is revealed he is not going\",\n \"title\": \"You're the Greatest, Charlie Brown\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6114626\",\n \"text\": \"Brown School Brown School is a private, nondenominational elementary and middle school in Schenectady, New York in the United States. It provides instruction for about 300 students in grades one through eight. It also offers nursery and kindergarten programs. In September 1893, Miss Helen \\\"Nellie\\\" Churchill Brown opened the Brown School in the front two rooms of her family home at 237 Liberty Street, with 12 pupils, age 8-11. During the early 1900s, Miss Brown's School grew quickly and moved several times, to Park Avenue, 1230 Rugby Road, and eventually in 1906 to 1184 Rugby Road within the G.E. Realty\",\n \"title\": \"Brown School\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3679014\",\n \"text\": \"Linus and Lucy \\\"Linus and Lucy\\\" is a popular jazz piano composition written by Vince Guaraldi, appearing in many of the \\\"Peanuts\\\" animated television specials. Named for the fictional siblings Linus and Lucy van Pelt, it was released in 1964 on the Vince Guaraldi Trio's album \\\"Jazz Impressions of a Boy Named Charlie Brown\\\". \\\"A Charlie Brown Christmas\\\" introduced the song to a television audience of millions of children beginning in 1965. Since that special, the piece has introduced most of the \\\"Peanuts\\\" TV cartoons, with the exceptions of the specials and other TV programs produced between 1979 and 1992.\",\n \"title\": \"Linus and Lucy\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3651667\",\n \"text\": \"self-proclaimed \\\"Sweet Babboo\\\"). It is revealed that they have only \\\"won\\\" through outright cheating — using a raft equipped with an outboard motor, direction finder, radar and sonar. They also resort to every trick they could think of to hamper or destroy everyone else's chance to even make it to the finish line, much less win the race. The kids are broken into three groups: the boys' group (consisting of Charlie Brown, Linus, Schroeder, and Franklin), the girls' group (consisting of Peppermint Patty, Marcie, Sally, and Lucy), and Snoopy and Woodstock. Charlie Brown is the very reluctant leader of the\",\n \"title\": \"Race for Your Life, Charlie Brown\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1256901\",\n \"text\": \"is often teased by Violet Gray by bragging about how her dad has more possessions than Charlie Brown's, and he has occasionally been able to deflate her. He often tries to befriend her, only to get turned down. Patty, having one of the weakest individual personalities of the Peanuts cast, usually takes part in mocking Charlie Brown when her friends Lucy and Violet, or others, do so. Charlie Brown and Shermy are generous to each other and were considered to be the best of friends before Linus' maturing in the future years of the strip, although Shermy said he hates\",\n \"title\": \"Charlie Brown\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9027671\",\n \"text\": \"while Peppermint Patty is stuck in summer school. He and Snoopy get ready for camp. They ride the bus and Peppermint Patty is there saying goodbye. Charlie Brown realizes that most of his friends are going to summer camp with him. Linus is eating a lollipop and Rerun wants one and goes until he sees Joe Agate play marbles. He then decides at summer camp that he wants to be a marbles champ. Joe Agate (played by Taylor Lautner), the bully, decides to play against Rerun on the false pretense of teaching him the game—and quickly cheats him out of\",\n \"title\": \"He's a Bully, Charlie Brown\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5915817\",\n \"text\": \"Lucy. He pins her hand; but she says that kissing her was a foul, and she is the winner. Back at school, Charlie only comes up with 13 words on his essay that he and Linus are forced to write on the first day, having been caught playing hangman in class. Linus gets an A but Charlie gets a C-. Linus then says \\\"Oh, well, it was a short summer, Charlie Brown\\\", to which Charlie gloomily replies, \\\"And it looks like it's going to be a long winter\\\". On July 7, 2009, it was released on DVD for the first\",\n \"title\": \"It Was a Short Summer, Charlie Brown\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4341827\",\n \"text\": \"Series to the Oakland A's in a series interrupted by a major earthquake. 1962 World Series (4–3): New York Yankees (A.L.) over San Francisco Giants (N.L.) For the \\\"Peanuts\\\" comic strip of December 22, 1962, cartoonist and Giants fan Charles M. Schulz depicted Charlie Brown sitting glumly with Linus, lamenting in the last panel, \\\"Why couldn't McCovey have hit the ball just three feet higher?\\\" The January 28, 1963, strip featured a nearly identical scene, except in the last panel Charlie Brown moaned, \\\"Or why couldn't McCovey have hit the ball even \\\"two\\\" feet higher?\\\" During the 1981 Major League\",\n \"title\": \"1962 World Series\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5916286\",\n \"text\": \"It's Arbor Day, Charlie Brown It's Arbor Day, Charlie Brown is the 15th prime-time animated television special based on Charles M. Schulz's comic strip \\\"Peanuts\\\". The subject of the special is Arbor Day, a secular holiday devoted to planting trees. \\\"It's Arbor Day, Charlie Brown\\\" premiered on the CBS network on March 16, 1976, which is near the dates in which most U.S. states observe Arbor Day. This is the first special to feature the character Rerun van Pelt (younger brother to Linus and Lucy), who had debuted in the \\\"Peanuts\\\" comic strip in March 1973. The musical score features\",\n \"title\": \"It's Arbor Day, Charlie Brown\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5916170\",\n \"text\": \"Be My Valentine, Charlie Brown Be My Valentine, Charlie Brown is the 13th prime-time animated TV special based upon the comic strip \\\"Peanuts,\\\" by Charles M. Schulz. It originally aired on the CBS network on January 28, 1975 and aired annually on CBS from 1975 to 2000. It has aired annually on ABC since 2001. Linus is fond of his teacher, Miss Othmar. To prove his point, he buys her a huge heart-shaped box of chocolates. However, Violet warns him it is probably not smart to fall in love with a teacher. But Linus says that he is fond of\",\n \"title\": \"Be My Valentine, Charlie Brown\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5933518\",\n \"text\": \"to the entrance of the big top with his tongue hanging out and his pupils shaped like hearts, then stops. Polly, the dog's trainer, sees Snoopy and pulls him inside. The next day, Peppermint Patty calls Charlie Brown to tell him her school gave all students the day off to see the circus. Charlie Brown tells her that his school will be closed as well, and they decide to attend the circus together. At the circus the children see Snoopy perform as part of a dog act. They all realize it is Snoopy and eventually relish his new career, despite\",\n \"title\": \"Life Is a Circus, Charlie Brown\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"525774\",\n \"text\": \"people had described him as a \\\"secular humanist\\\" though he didn't know one way or another: In 2013, Schulz's widow said: Primary sources Secondary studies Charles M. Schulz Charles Monroe \\\"Sparky\\\" Schulz (; November 26, 1922 – February 12, 2000), nicknamed Sparky, was an American cartoonist. Schulz is known for the comic strip \\\"Peanuts\\\" (which featured the characters Charlie Brown and Snoopy, among others). He is widely regarded as one of the most influential cartoonists of all time, cited by cartoonists including Jim Davis, Bill Watterson, and Matt Groening. Born in Minneapolis, Minnesota, Schulz grew up in Saint Paul. He\",\n \"title\": \"Charles M. Schulz\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5933848\",\n \"text\": \"the wider market in 2010. It was re-released as part of the box set Snoopy's Holiday Collection on October 1, 2013. Is This Goodbye, Charlie Brown? Is This Goodbye, Charlie Brown? is the 24th prime-time animated TV special based upon the popular comic strip \\\"Peanuts,\\\" by Charles M. Schulz. It was originally aired on the CBS network on February 21, 1983. This special begins, when Linus calls the Brown house, and Sally picks up. She gets very excited that her Sweet Babboo is on the other line. He denies that he is that, and tries to ask if Charlie Brown\",\n \"title\": \"Is This Goodbye, Charlie Brown?\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"525737\",\n \"text\": \"Charles M. Schulz Charles Monroe \\\"Sparky\\\" Schulz (; November 26, 1922 – February 12, 2000), nicknamed Sparky, was an American cartoonist. Schulz is known for the comic strip \\\"Peanuts\\\" (which featured the characters Charlie Brown and Snoopy, among others). He is widely regarded as one of the most influential cartoonists of all time, cited by cartoonists including Jim Davis, Bill Watterson, and Matt Groening. Born in Minneapolis, Minnesota, Schulz grew up in Saint Paul. He was the only child of Carl Schulz, who was born in Germany, and Dena Halverson, who had Norwegian heritage. His uncle called him \\\"Sparky\\\" after\",\n \"title\": \"Charles M. Schulz\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"525783\",\n \"text\": \"the entire life of the Sunday strip. Most of the other characters that eventually became the main characters of Peanuts did not appear until later: Violet (February 1951), Schroeder (May 1951), Lucy (March 1952), Linus (September 1952), Pig-Pen (July 1954), Sally (August 1959), Frieda (March 1961), \\\"Peppermint\\\" Patty (August 1966), Woodstock (introduced April 1967; given a name in June 1970), Franklin (July 1968), Marcie (July 1971), and Rerun (March 1973). Schulz decided to produce all aspects of the strip himself from the script to the finished art and lettering. Schulz did, however, hire help to produce the comic book adaptations\",\n \"title\": \"Peanuts\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11910794\",\n \"text\": \"instructor with Art Instruction, Inc. He was still employed there when he began sketching the characters that later were developed into \\\"Peanuts\\\". Several of the \\\"Peanuts\\\" characters, including Charlie Brown, Linus, Frieda and \\\"the little red-haired girl\\\" were based on Schulz' co-workers and friends at Art Instruction. Other instructors who were friends of Schulz included Louise Cassidy and Jim Sasseville. Louise Cassidy was the basis for the character of Aunty Climax in a short-lived comic strip by Jim Sasseville. In a 1994 address, Schulz said, \\\"Art Instruction Inc., it was a wonderful place to get started because the atmosphere was\",\n \"title\": \"Art Instruction Schools\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1063923\",\n \"text\": \"A Charlie Brown Christmas A Charlie Brown Christmas is a 1965 animated television special based on the comic strip \\\"Peanuts\\\", by Charles M. Schulz. Produced by Lee Mendelson and directed by Bill Melendez, the program made its debut on CBS on December 9, 1965. In the special, lead character Charlie Brown finds himself depressed despite the onset of the cheerful holiday season. Lucy suggests he direct a neighborhood Christmas play, but his best efforts are ignored and mocked by his peers. After Linus tells Charlie Brown about the true meaning of Christmas, Charlie Brown cheers up, and the Peanuts gang\",\n \"title\": \"A Charlie Brown Christmas\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7864872\",\n \"text\": \"Christmas!\\\" Charlie Brown sees Marcie and thinks that she is going to give him a Valentine's Day card but she does not. Lucy comes up to Schroeder again and talks about saucepans, and, again, Schroeder cannot stand it. Snoopy imagines that he is a wild animal. Charlie Brown, Schroeder, Linus, and Lucy work on their book reports on Peter Rabbit (\\\"Book Report\\\"). Lucy teaches Linus about nature in her own way while Charlie Brown tries to correct her, to no avail (\\\"Little Known Facts\\\"). Charlie Brown writes a letter to his pencil pal about his downfall at his baseball game.\",\n \"title\": \"You're a Good Man, Charlie Brown (TV special)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7918822\",\n \"text\": \"It Was My Best Birthday Ever, Charlie Brown It Was My Best Birthday Ever, Charlie Brown is the 38th animated TV special based on characters from the Charles M. Schulz comic strip \\\"Peanuts\\\". It is one of two direct-to-video \\\"Peanuts\\\" specials that have yet to air on U.S. TV (the other is \\\"It's the Pied Piper, Charlie Brown\\\"). The special begins with Linus roller-skating all over town. On his way back from a birthday party, he passes by a garden where he hears someone singing (\\\"O Mio Babbino Caro\\\") As he enters the garden, he learns that a little girl\",\n \"title\": \"It Was My Best Birthday Ever, Charlie Brown\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5933775\",\n \"text\": \"Snoopy, Lucy and Linus are caught up with his kite in Snoopy's doghouse is the same thing. A Charlie Brown Celebration A Charlie Brown Celebration is the 23rd prime-time animated TV special based upon the popular comic strip \\\"Peanuts,\\\" by Charles M. Schulz, who introduced the hour-long special. It was originally aired on the CBS network on May 24, 1982, and consists of a number of stories adapted from the comic strip. The special was released for the first time on DVD by Warner Home Video on October 4, 2016, as a bonus special to \\\"Charlie Brown's All-Stars\\\". The formula\",\n \"title\": \"A Charlie Brown Celebration\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3323281\",\n \"text\": \"see his need for a security blanket as a bad thing, for which he was so grateful that he kissed her hand. Frieda's relationship with Lucy got off to a rocky start when Frieda, as usual, brought up her naturally curly hair almost as soon as they were introduced. Lucy became visibly offended by this, to the point where Linus (performing the introductions) felt it necessary to beg Lucy not to slug her. Despite Frieda's \\\"faux pas\\\" the two girls eventually became friends, and when they played baseball for Charlie Brown's team they often spent their time in the outfield\",\n \"title\": \"Frieda (Peanuts)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1573351\",\n \"text\": \"Charterhouse School Charterhouse is an independent day and boarding school in Godalming, Surrey. Founded by Thomas Sutton in 1611 on the site of the old Carthusian monastery in Charterhouse Square, Smithfield, London, it educates over 800 pupils, aged 13 to 18 years, and is one of the original Great Nine English public schools. Today pupils are still referred to as Carthusians, and ex-pupils as Old Carthusians. Charterhouse charges full boarders up to £39,165 per annum (2018/19) and is among the most expensive Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference (HMC) schools in the UK. It has educated one British Prime Minister and has\",\n \"title\": \"Charterhouse School\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1063926\",\n \"text\": \"have been staged. ABC currently holds the rights to the special and broadcasts it at least twice during the weeks leading up to Christmas. The Peanuts are celebrating the start of the winter season by ice skating on a frozen pond and singing \\\"Christmas Time Is Here.\\\" Leaning against a nearby fence, Charlie Brown tells Linus that despite all the traditions of Christmas presents, Christmas cards and decorations, he still winds up depressed, but is not sure why. Linus dismisses Charlie Brown's attitude as typical, quoting Lucy: \\\"Of all the Charlie Browns in the world, you're the Charlie Browniest.\\\" Charlie\",\n \"title\": \"A Charlie Brown Christmas\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7918813\",\n \"text\": \"and Linus walk by. Upon hearing that, he quickly switches to \\\"Christmas Time is Here\\\" (with Woodstock whistling along). He also attempts to make peace with the ferocious cat who lives next door but it takes a ferocious swipe again. Linus tries to decide what kind of letter he should write to Santa. The next day at school, he meets a girl who repeatedly changes her name. When Linus points out that her name of the day, Jezebel, is a hated Old Testament figure who was thrown from a window to her death, the girl changes her name of the\",\n \"title\": \"Charlie Brown's Christmas Tales\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"525810\",\n \"text\": \"World War II (the vicious cat who lives next door to Snoopy—not to be confused with Frieda's cat, Faron), and Charlie Brown's unnamed pen pal, known as his \\\"pencil-pal\\\" after Charlie Brown fails to master the fountain pen. Adult figures appeared in the strip only once, during a four-week Sunday-comic sequence in 1954 in which Lucy plays in an amateur golf tournament, with Charlie Brown \\\"coaching\\\" her. At no time, however, were any adult faces seen (it was also in this sequence that Lucy's family name, van Pelt, was first revealed). There are adult voices in a few of the\",\n \"title\": \"Peanuts\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1348689\",\n \"text\": \"Halloween. In the cold open, Linus and Lucy go out to the local pumpkin patch to find a pumpkin. Lucy selects the largest they can find, and makes poor Linus the one to get it back to the house. He becomes distraught when it turns out Lucy is going to gut it to be a jack-o-lantern. After the opening credits, Snoopy helps Charlie Brown finish raking a pile of leaves. But then Linus jumps into the heap with a large lollipop. Then Lucy entices Charlie to kick a football . . . with the usual results. Linus is writing his\",\n \"title\": \"It's the Great Pumpkin, Charlie Brown\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3323280\",\n \"text\": \"he told her to mind her own business. Linus was the first character in the series that Frieda met. She sat behind him in school, and after they became friends he took her around and introduced her to some of the other kids in the neighborhood. Not much is shown of their friendship beyond those strips that introduce her, but even that early in their relationship they seemed to look out for each other. Linus tried to protect her the first time she unintentionally upset Lucy (see below), and she in turn was one of the few kids who didn't\",\n \"title\": \"Frieda (Peanuts)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5862033\",\n \"text\": \"dog takes out a boom box and dances to the title song as the opening credits roll. The next segment shows Peppermint Patty and Marcie at school, followed by a gym class, in which Peppermint Patty leads the other characters in a workout while she sings \\\"I'm in Shape\\\". The part of the song where she sings \\\"Hey Linus...!\\\" is clearly inspired by Toni Basil's 1982 hit song \\\"Mickey\\\". The scene changes to a party at the home of Sally and Charlie Brown. The children begin playing a game of \\\"Simon Says\\\" before Lucy takes over the game and sings\",\n \"title\": \"It's Flashbeagle, Charlie Brown\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2822477\",\n \"text\": \"some progress. Charlie Brown steps up to the plate, and despite his valiant efforts, strikes out and loses the game. We learn that this was a flashback, and Charlie Brown expresses his deep sorrow to his pen pal (\\\"T-E-A-M (The Baseball Game)\\\"). Lucy takes a crabbiness survey and Linus says that her crabbiness rating is ninety-five. After punching him, she realizes that she, in reality, is really very crabby. Determined not to let what happened at the championship bother him, Charlie Brown decides to join Schroeder's Glee Club and cheer up by singing \\\"Home on the Range\\\" with his friends.\",\n \"title\": \"You're a Good Man, Charlie Brown\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6496927\",\n \"text\": \"doesn't know what to do about the Little Red Haired Girl. Linus suggests Charlie Brown should invite her to the school Valentine's Day dance. Charlie Brown agrees, but first asks Linus to talk to her to find out if she likes him. Linus goes over and asks her if she likes Charlie Brown. However, the Little Red Haired girl has no idea there was a kid in their class named Charlie Brown. Later, in class, Charlie Brown tries to impress the Little Red Haired Girl by winking at her. However, before she can notice him, the teacher sends Charlie Brown\",\n \"title\": \"A Charlie Brown Valentine\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2822472\",\n \"text\": \"try to discuss marriage with a musician\\\" (\\\"Schroeder\\\"). Sally is sad because her jump rope tangled up. Snoopy is lying on top of his doghouse, relaxing vacantly and peacefully. He begins to daydream about being a wild jungle beast. In a few minutes, however, he is back to his peaceful state (\\\"Snoopy\\\"). Linus enters, holding his blanket and sucking his thumb. Lucy and Sally show up and mock him for this habit. Linus decides to abandon his blanket and move on, only to come running back to it in desperation. After the girls leave, Linus daydreams of a blanket fantasy\",\n \"title\": \"You're a Good Man, Charlie Brown\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6114632\",\n \"text\": \"has also completed construction on a new media center. Brown School Brown School is a private, nondenominational elementary and middle school in Schenectady, New York in the United States. It provides instruction for about 300 students in grades one through eight. It also offers nursery and kindergarten programs. In September 1893, Miss Helen \\\"Nellie\\\" Churchill Brown opened the Brown School in the front two rooms of her family home at 237 Liberty Street, with 12 pupils, age 8-11. During the early 1900s, Miss Brown's School grew quickly and moved several times, to Park Avenue, 1230 Rugby Road, and eventually in\",\n \"title\": \"Brown School\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5915878\",\n \"text\": \"There's No Time for Love, Charlie Brown There's No Time for Love, Charlie Brown is the ninth prime-time animated TV specials based upon the popular comic strip \\\"Peanuts,\\\" by Charles M. Schulz. It was originally aired on the CBS network on March 11, 1973, and released to DVD as a bonus feature (along with another Peanuts special \\\"Someday You'll Find Her, Charlie Brown\\\") on January 2, 2004. It was also released in remastered form as part of the DVD box set, \\\"Peanuts 1970's Collection, Volume One.\\\" There are three months of school left and all of the Peanuts gang are\",\n \"title\": \"There's No Time for Love, Charlie Brown\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10404397\",\n \"text\": \"adult learners, including Early Childhood Family Education, GED Diploma, language programs and various learning opportunities for community members of all ages. In 1993, St. Paul became the first city in the U.S. to sponsor and open a charter school, now found in most states across the nation. Saint Paul is currently home to 21 charter schools. In 2006, the St. Paul Public Schools celebrated its 150th anniversary. Notable graduates of St. Paul Public Schools include former U.S. Supreme Court justices Harry Blackmun and Warren Burger, civil rights leader Roy Wilkins, creator of the Peanuts cartoon strip Charles M. Schulz, and\",\n \"title\": \"Saint Paul Public Schools\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2822470\",\n \"text\": \"some of the young stars of Broadway. The six-member “Peanuts” gang featured Joshua Colley as Charlie Brown, Gregory Diaz as Schroeder, Aidan Gemme as Snoopy, Milly Shapiro as Sally, Mavis Simpson-Ernst as Lucy, and Jeremy T. Villas as Linus. Graydon Peter Yosowitz played the role of Charlie Brown from June 1-7. The show ran from May 24 – June 26, 2016. Charlie Brown stands alone as his friends give their various opinions of him, each overlapping the other. Today everyone is calling him a \\\"good man\\\". Charlie Brown is happy and hopeful as usual, but he nevertheless wonders if he\",\n \"title\": \"You're a Good Man, Charlie Brown\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8381652\",\n \"text\": \"which were installed in 1938. The building was designated as a landmark by the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission in 1991. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992. Archie Bunker, the fictional character from the 1970s American television sitcom \\\"All in the Family\\\", attended Flushing High School. Flushing High School Flushing High School is a four-year public high school in Flushing, in the New York City borough of Queens. The school is operated by the New York City Department of Education. Flushing High School was established by the Village of Flushing in 1875 prior\",\n \"title\": \"Flushing High School\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18627202\",\n \"text\": \"Nicholls has been commissioned for The Old Vic in London, and is in development as of spring 2015. BBC Radio broadcast in 2016 a dramatization, with Margaret Tyzack playing Freddie. At Freddie's At Freddie's is a novel by British author Penelope Fitzgerald. It concerns the run-down, barely viable Temple Stage School, an acting school for children, known as \\\"Freddie's\\\", after its headmistress Frieda \\\"Freddie\\\" Wentworth. The children regularly perform as fairies in \\\"A Midsummer Night's Dream\\\", Arthur in \\\"King John\\\", and the Lost Boys in \\\"Peter Pan\\\". Freddie is relentless in her commitment to traditional stage acting, and continually rejects\",\n \"title\": \"At Freddie's\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7918749\",\n \"text\": \"how you look, it's how you play the game.\\\" It's Spring Training, Charlie Brown It's Spring Training, Charlie Brown is the 35th prime-time animated TV special based upon the comic strip \\\"Peanuts,\\\" by Charles M. Schulz. It was produced in 1992 but unlike previous specials it was not shown on CBS, and remained unseen until Paramount released it on video in 1996 alongside 1966's \\\"Charlie Brown's All-Stars\\\". The special was released by Warner Home Video on October 9, 2012, on the DVD \\\"Happiness is ... Peanuts: Go Snoopy Go!\\\" The special follows the spring training of Charlie Brown's baseball team,\",\n \"title\": \"It's Spring Training, Charlie Brown\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3027750\",\n \"text\": \"of the book's main characters, is generally believed to be based on Arthur Penrhyn Stanley. The fictional Tom's life also resembles the author's, in that the culminating event of his school career was a cricket match. The novel also features Dr Thomas Arnold (1795–1842), who was the actual headmaster of Rugby School from 1828 to 1841. \\\"Tom Brown's School Days\\\" has been the source for several film and television adaptations. It also influenced the genre of British school novels, which began in the nineteenth century, and led to fictional depictions of schools such as Billy Bunter's Greyfriars School, Mr Chips'\",\n \"title\": \"Tom Brown's School Days\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10878244\",\n \"text\": \"Hollow Fields Hollow Fields is a steampunk-themed original English-language manga written and illustrated by Madeleine Rosca. Volume 1 was released by Seven Seas Entertainment in June 2007, with a second volume released on May 29, 2008, and a third released on January 6, 2009. Volume 4- Titled Hollow Fields and the Perfect Cog released on March 29, 2016. Little Lucy Snow was meant to be enjoying her first day at the nice elementary school in town; however, a macabre twist of fate sees her enrolled instead at Miss Weaver's Academy for the Scientifically Gifted and Ethically Unfettered - also known\",\n \"title\": \"Hollow Fields\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3612396\",\n \"text\": \"appears in \\\"All Winners Comics\\\" #19, published by Timely Comics. \\\"Sazae-san\\\", by Machiko Hasegawa debuts in Fukunichi Shimbun. \\\"Li'l Folks\\\", the first comic strip by \\\"Peanuts\\\" creator Charles M. Schulz, debuts mainly in Schulz's hometown paper, the \\\"St. Paul Pioneer Press\\\", on June 22. \\\"Li'l Folks\\\" can almost be regarded as an embryonic version of \\\"Peanuts\\\", containing characters and themes which were to reappear in the later strip: a well-dressed young man with a fondness for Beethoven a la Schroeder, a dog with a striking resemblance to Snoopy, and even a boy named Charlie Brown. The Association of Comics Magazine\",\n \"title\": \"1940s in comics\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5933837\",\n \"text\": \"Is This Goodbye, Charlie Brown? Is This Goodbye, Charlie Brown? is the 24th prime-time animated TV special based upon the popular comic strip \\\"Peanuts,\\\" by Charles M. Schulz. It was originally aired on the CBS network on February 21, 1983. This special begins, when Linus calls the Brown house, and Sally picks up. She gets very excited that her Sweet Babboo is on the other line. He denies that he is that, and tries to ask if Charlie Brown is home, but while he is doing so, she asks if he called to ask her to a movie. He gets\",\n \"title\": \"Is This Goodbye, Charlie Brown?\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5915844\",\n \"text\": \"firsts: Additionally similar to the fight sequences of the 1966 \\\"Batman\\\" series, it was the only known Peanuts special in which the more intense sound effects are actually spelled out in onomatopoeic words: wiggly R's when Charlie Brown's alarm clock goes off, and a very hard, straight word \\\"Click-clack\\\" when he opens some school doors getting to school silently, as he is late (however, in \\\"The Charlie Brown and Snoopy Show\\\" episode \\\"Linus and Lucy\\\" the word \\\"Pow\\\" can be seen when Snoopy punches somebody in Sally's class). This special was rebroadcast yearly on CBS from June 1968 to June\",\n \"title\": \"You're in Love, Charlie Brown\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3089795\",\n \"text\": \"doesn't have a mother. The fate of her mother is never revealed in the strip. Peppermint Patty's dad often calls Patty \\\"a rare gem\\\". In the cartoons his voice, like those of all adults, is heard as \\\"wah-wahs\\\" (made by musician Dean Hubbard). Peppermint Patty Patricia \\\"Peppermint Patty\\\" Reichardt is a fictional character featured in Charles M. Schulz' comic strip \\\"Peanuts\\\". She is one of a small group in the strip who lives across town from Charlie Brown and his school friends (although in \\\"The Peanuts Movie\\\" she, along with Marcie and Franklin, lives in the same neighborhood and attends\",\n \"title\": \"Peppermint Patty\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11759896\",\n \"text\": \"Little Known Facts \\\"Little Known Facts\\\" is a musical number in the Broadway musical comedy, \\\"You're a Good Man, Charlie Brown\\\". The music and lyrics were written by Clark Gesner in 1966. The song was in the original Off-Broadway production of the show in 1967 and was also in the revival production in 1999, where it was added an extra stanza by Andrew Lippa. The song is based on several Peanuts comic strips written by Charles M. Schulz. The strips show Lucy van Pelt teaching her younger brother, Linus van Pelt childish facts, that are of course, false. During the\",\n \"title\": \"Little Known Facts\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"525770\",\n \"text\": \"and Research Center in Santa Rosa opened on August 17, 2002, two blocks away from his former studio, celebrating his life's work and the art of cartooning. A bronze statue of Charlie Brown and Snoopy stands in Depot Park in downtown Santa Rosa. Santa Rosa, California, celebrated the 60th anniversary of the strip in 2005 by continuing the Peanuts on Parade tradition beginning with \\\"It's Your Town Charlie Brown\\\" (2005), \\\"Summer of Woodstock\\\" (2006), \\\"Snoopy's Joe Cool Summer\\\" (2007), and \\\"Look Out For Lucy\\\" (2008). In 2006, \\\"Forbes\\\" ranked Schulz as the third-highest earning deceased celebrity, as he had earned\",\n \"title\": \"Charles M. Schulz\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1460529\",\n \"text\": \"and Charlie Brown laugh and happily dance away to conclude a satisfying day, ignoring Lucy's pleads to get her down. Linus eventually pulls Lucy down with his blanket during the closing credits, and Lucy, angry and embarrassed about what happened, gives up and stomps away. It's Magic, Charlie Brown It's Magic, Charlie Brown is the 21st prime-time animated TV special based upon the comic strip \\\"Peanuts,\\\" by Charles M. Schulz. It originally aired on April 28, 1981. The special was later released on DVD on September 2, 2008 as a bonus feature on Warner Home Video's remastered deluxe DVD of\",\n \"title\": \"It's Magic, Charlie Brown\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9027676\",\n \"text\": \"marshmallows and sings. The storyline was an amalgamation of several different series of \\\"Peanuts\\\" strips; the \\\"Joe Agate\\\" storyline originally appeared in the strip in 1995, and the story involving Peppermint Patty sneaking away from summer school to see Charlie Brown at camp was an adaptation of a series of strips from 1989. The special released on DVD as a bonus special in the remastered deluxe edition of \\\"You're Not Elected, Charlie Brown\\\" on October 7, 2008 by Warner Home Video. On October 6, 2015, Warner Home Video released the special on its own DVD with \\\"It Was a Short\",\n \"title\": \"He's a Bully, Charlie Brown\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"653145\",\n \"text\": \"a source of entertainment for the others; Sidney and Spotty once send him into a field full of cow pats, with misleading directions for getting out. Despite this, they consider him \\\"one of the kids\\\". When he moves to the Bash Street Academy 'Erbert receives contact lenses to improve his sight, discarding them when he returns to his old school. Fatty's real name is Fatty Brown, formerly Frederick Joseph Brown. A large, round boy who is always eating, only in later strips is he ridiculed for his weight; he usually reacts by trying to prove the others wrong, but earlier\",\n \"title\": \"The Bash Street Kids\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1256902\",\n \"text\": \"Charlie Brown on the very first Peanuts strip. Charlie Brown had a notably surprisingly successful romantic relationship with Peggy Jean, although this eventually broke up with him when he realized that she already had a boyfriend. Charlie Brown, along with Snoopy, was ranked eighth on TV Guide's 50 Greatest Cartoon Characters of All Time. Charlie Brown Charlie Brown or Charles Brown Esquire (see “A Boy Named Charlie Brown” movie) is the protagonist of the comic strip \\\"Peanuts\\\", syndicated in daily and Sunday newspapers in numerous countries all over the world. Depicted as a \\\"lovable loser,\\\" Charlie Brown is one of\",\n \"title\": \"Charlie Brown\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1533395\",\n \"text\": \"Rugby School. Rugby School is one of England's oldest and most prestigious public schools, and was the setting of Thomas Hughes's semi-autobiographical masterpiece \\\"Tom Brown's Schooldays\\\". A substantial part of the 2004 dramatisation of the novel, starring Stephen Fry, was filmed on location at Rugby School. Hughes later set up a colony in America for the younger sons of the English gentry, who could not inherit under the laws of primogeniture, naming the town Rugby. The town of Rugby, Tennessee still exists. Rugby is a birthplace of the jet engine. In April 1937 Frank Whittle built the world's first prototype\",\n \"title\": \"Rugby, Warwickshire\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1256846\",\n \"text\": \"boy (\\\"Charlie Brown\\\") when asked. He made his official debut in the first \\\"Peanuts\\\" comic strip, on October 2, 1950. The strip features Charlie Brown walking by, as two other children named Shermy and Patty look at him. Shermy refers to him as \\\"Good Ol' Charlie Brown\\\" as he passes by, but then immediately reveals his hatred toward him once he is gone on the last panel. During the strip's early years, Charlie Brown was much more playful than he is known for, as he often played pranks and jokes on the other characters. On December 21 of the same\",\n \"title\": \"Charlie Brown\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"525769\",\n \"text\": \"a different \\\"Peanuts\\\" character were placed on the sidewalks of St. Paul. In 2001, there was \\\"Charlie Brown Around Town\\\", 2002 brought \\\"Looking for Lucy\\\", in 2003 along came \\\"Linus Blankets St. Paul\\\", ending in 2004 with \\\"Snoopy\\\" lying on his doghouse. The statues were auctioned off at the end of each summer, so some remain around the city, but others have been relocated. The auction proceeds were used for artist's scholarships and for permanent, bronze statues of the \\\"Peanuts\\\" characters. These bronze statues are in Landmark Plaza and Rice Park in downtown St. Paul. The Charles M. Schulz Museum\",\n \"title\": \"Charles M. Schulz\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1256877\",\n \"text\": \"Lucy is now able to see Charlie Brown and the gag occurs. Charlie Brown is the manager and pitcher of a baseball team which frequently loses. His entire team is not skilled, especially his right fielder Lucy van Pelt, who is the worst baseball player in the entire \\\"Peanuts\\\" universe. Charlie Brown's dog Snoopy, who is his shortstop, is purported to be his best player, his best friend Linus was his second baseman, and his next closest friend Schroeder, his catcher, once commanded the team on \\\"Bon Voyage, Charlie Brown (and Don't Come Back!!)\\\" when Charlie Brown, Linus, Peppermint Patty,\",\n \"title\": \"Charlie Brown\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3279997\",\n \"text\": \"playground (Snoopy would bark loudly at anyone who threatened Sally, leading Snoopy to comment, \\\"I feel like a can of mace!\\\"), but this ended in disaster when Snoopy saw an old girlfriend of his and ran off to meet her, abandoning Sally and leaving her to get \\\"slaughtered\\\" by the playground bullies. Sally has a strong crush on Charlie Brown's friend Linus Van Pelt. She calls him her \\\"Sweet Babboo\\\" and when Linus says something Sally finds especially witty or intelligent, she expresses her admiration by asking, \\\"Isn't he the cutest thing?\\\" Her crush is a frequent source of embarrassment\",\n \"title\": \"Sally Brown\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5915600\",\n \"text\": \"sung by \\\"Peanuts\\\" musical score composer Vince Guaraldi. The plot from \\\"You're Not Elected, Charlie Brown\\\" was taken from a story that ran in the comic strip in October 1964, in which Linus runs for school president with Charlie Brown as his running mate. In the original storyline, Linus blows the election (and Charlie's bid for Vice President) after bringing up The Great Pumpkin in his final speech and being laughed off stage–again after leading in the polls at the time. Unlike the television special, Linus' opponent is never seen or mentioned. This special first aired under the title \\\"You're\",\n \"title\": \"You're Not Elected, Charlie Brown\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1256899\",\n \"text\": \"the two occasionally build sand castles, go to Charlie Brown's house, and watch movies together. Frieda was usually nicer to Charlie Brown than most of the other girls in the neighborhood, which makes them good friends. Unlike Lucy, Patty, and Violet, she seemed to be mindful of his feelings and never teased him or put him down to his face (except for rare moments in the Peanuts specials), though she did get mad at him a few times. She eventually joined Charlie Brown's baseball team as an outfielder but refused to wear a baseball cap because it would hide her\",\n \"title\": \"Charlie Brown\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6563285\",\n \"text\": \"peanut sticking out from the top of his head (which renders him as being not too smart). The boys, along with Mr. Hankey's kids, attempt to revive the Christmas spirit by singing carols on the sidewalk, but are totally ignored. While they lament not getting any presents, Cornwallis begins to wonder about his significance in the world as a piece of poo. While watching a \\\"Peanuts\\\" Christmas special, where Snoopy is seen beating a naked Charlie Brown with a board, the boys get the idea to create a short animation to show the townspeople at the local drive-in which they\",\n \"title\": \"A Very Crappy Christmas\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"compressed_ctxs_1":{"kind":"string","value":"{\n \"compressed_prompt\": \"Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\\n\\ntitle: Peanuts context: early strips. Schulz also added fantastical characters, sometimes imbuing inanimate objects with life. Charlie Brown's nemesis, the Kite-Eating Tree, is one example. Sally Brown's school building expresses thoughts and feelings about the students and the general business of being a brick building. Linus's security blanket also occasionally displays signs of anthropomorphism. Charlie Brown's pitching mound also sometimes expresses thoughts and opinions (\\\"Why don't you learn how to pitch, you stupid kid?\\\"). Schulz received the National Cartoonist Society Humor Comic Strip Award for \\\"Peanuts\\\" in 1962, the Reuben Award in 1955 and 1964 (the first cartoonist to receive the honor\\n\\nWhat is the name of the elementary school attended by Lucy, Linus and Charlie Brown in Charles Schulz's Peanuts comic strip?\",\n \"compressed_tokens\": 215,\n \"origin_tokens\": 216,\n \"ratio\": \"1.0x\",\n \"saving\": \", Saving $0.0 in GPT-4.\"\n}"},"compressed_ctxs_100":{"kind":"string","value":"{\n \"compressed_prompt\": \"Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\\n\\ntitle: Peanuts context: four-panel gag strip as standard in the United States, and together with its merchandise earned Schulz more than $1 billion. The strip focuses entirely on a social circle of young children, where adults exist but are rarely seen or heard. The main character, Charlie Brown, is meek, nervous, and lacks self-confidence. He is unable to fly a kite, win a baseball game, or kick a football held by his irascible friend Lucy, who always pulls it away at the last instant. \\\"Peanuts\\\" is one of the literate strips with philosophical, psychological, and sociological overtones that flourished in the 1950s.\\n\\ntitle:ppermint Pat context: Peppermint Patty Patricia \\\"Pepperm Patty\\\" Reichardt is a fictional featured in M. Schulz comic \\\"Peanuts\\\". She is one of small strip across town from Charlie Brown and his friendsalthough in \\\"The Peanuts Movie\\\" she, along with Marcie and Franklin lives in the same neighborhood attends the school). She has frecklesuburnbrunette hair generally displays the characteristics of a tomboy She made her first appearance on August 2, 1966 The following year, she made her animated debut the TV special \\\"You're in Love, Charlie Brown\\\"\\ntitle: Charles M. Schulz context Charles M. Schul MonroeSpar Schul ( 2 192 February 12 2000 S cartoonist. Schulz is comic \\\" (which featured characters Charlieopy, He is widely regarded one of most influ cartoonists of all time cartoonists including Jim Bill Watter Mattening. in Min, Schulz up Saint He the only child of Carl, who born and Dena Halvers who had Norwegian her. uncleparky\\\" after\\n:\\\" a character the strip\\\", and Charles ofus as auss\\\",,yated bullies most other characters in the strip, particularly Linus and Charlie Brown. Lucy often mocks and intimidates others, especially Charlie Brown and her own younger brother, Linus. She also has a strong unrequited crush on Schroeder. She can be quite antagonistic, playing the villain role in a number of stories. Christopher Caldwell has said about the character:\\n\\nWhat is the name of the elementary school attended by Lucy, Linus and Charlie Brown in Charles Schulz's Peanuts comic strip?\",\n \"compressed_tokens\": 519,\n \"origin_tokens\": 14484,\n \"ratio\": \"27.9x\",\n \"saving\": \", Saving $0.8 in GPT-4.\"\n}"}}},{"rowIdx":278,"cells":{"id":{"kind":"number","value":278,"string":"278"},"question":{"kind":"string","value":"How many syllables are there in a Japanese haiku poem?"},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["17, arranged in 3 lines of 5, 7, and 5 syllables"],"string":"[\n \"17, arranged in 3 lines of 5, 7, and 5 syllables\"\n]","isConversational":false},"target":{"kind":"string","value":"17, arranged in 3 lines of 5, 7, and 5 syllables"},"ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"id":"1310310","text":"happiness all around. The amount of money given depends on the age of the child but is usually the same if there is more than one child so that no one feels slighted. It is not uncommon for amounts greater than ¥5,000 (approximately US$50) to be given. The New Year traditions are also a part of Japanese poetry, including haiku (poems with 17 syllables, in three lines of five, seven and five) and renga (linked poetry). All of the traditions above would be appropriate to include in haiku as \"kigo\" (season words). There are also haiku that celebrate many of","title":"Japanese New Year"},{"id":"164911","text":"the 5-7-5 pattern. Although the word \"\"on\"\" is sometimes translated as \"syllable\", one \"on\" is counted for a short syllable, two for an elongated vowel or doubled consonant, and one for an \"n\" at the end of a syllable. Thus, the word \"haibun\", though counted as two syllables in English, is counted as four \"on\" in Japanese (ha-i-bu-n); and the word \"\"on\"\" itself, which English-speakers would view as a single syllable, comprises two \"on\": the short vowel o and the . This is illustrated by the Issa haiku below, which contains 17 \"on\" but only 15 syllables. Conversely, some sounds,","title":"Haiku"},{"id":"164912","text":"such as \"kyo\" () may look like two syllables to English speakers but are in fact a single \"on\" (as well as a single syllable) in Japanese. In 1973, the Haiku Society of America noted that the norm for writers of haiku in English was to use 17 syllables, but they also noted a trend toward shorter haiku. Shorter haiku are very much more common in 21st century English haiku writing. Some translators of Japanese poetry have noted that about 12 syllables in English approximate the duration of 17 Japanese \"on\". Also in translations four lines is more appropriate for","title":"Haiku"},{"id":"164930","text":"the 17 \"on\" of a traditional Japanese haiku. Because the normal modes of English poetry depend on accentual meter rather than on syllabics, Henderson chose to emphasize the order of events and images in the originals. Nevertheless, many of Henderson's translations were in the five-seven-five pattern. The first haiku written in English was arguably by Ezra Pound, \"In a Station of the Metro\", published in 1913. Since then, the haiku has become a fairly popular form among English-speaking poets. English haiku can follow the traditional Japanese rules, but are frequently less strict, particularly concerning the number of syllables and subject","title":"Haiku"},{"id":"12232126","text":"with the one-line vertical column in which Japanese haiku are often printed, was lent legitimacy principally by three people: The single-line haiku usually contains fewer than seventeen syllables. A caesura (pause) may be appropriate, dictated by sense or speech rhythm (following the traditional Japanese tradition of a break, marked by the Kireji), and usually little or no punctuation. This form was used by John Wills and, more recently, has been practiced by poets such as M. Kettner, Janice Bostok, Jim Kacian, Chris Gordon, Scott Metz, Stuart Quine, John Barlow, and many others. As the last two examples in particular illustrate,","title":"Haiku in English"},{"id":"3195079","text":"waka. Sometimes they are written in the three-line, seventeen-syllable haiku form, although the most common type of death poem (called a \"jisei\" 辞世) is in the waka form called the tanka (also called a \"jisei-ei\" 辞世詠) which consists of five lines totaling 31 syllables (5-7-5-7-7)—a form that constitutes over half of surviving death poems.(Ogiu, 317-318). Poetry has long been a core part of Japanese tradition. Death poems are typically graceful, natural, and emotionally neutral, in accordance with the teachings of Buddhism and Shinto. Excepting the earliest works of this tradition, it has been considered inappropriate to mention death explicitly; rather,","title":"Death poem"},{"id":"12119814","text":"Kireji Classical renga developed a tradition of 18 kireji, which were adopted by haikai, thence used for both renku and haiku, the most common of which are listed below: Hokku and haiku consist of 17 Japanese syllables, or on (a phonetic unit identical to the mora), in three metrical phrases of 5, 7, and 5 on respectively. A kireji is typically positioned at the end of one of these three phrases. When it is placed at the end of the final phrase (i.e. the end of the verse), the kireji draws the reader back to the beginning, initiating a circular","title":"Kireji"},{"id":"8347925","text":"build from stone, but the jungles and forests might overgrow the buildings, as in Angkor Wat. Early-Modern Japanese literature (17th–19th centuries) developed innovations such as haiku, a form of Japanese poetry that evolved from the ancient \"hokku\" (Japanese language: 発句) mode. Haiku consists of three lines: the first and third lines each have five \"morae\" (the rough phonological equivalent of syllables), while the second has seven. Original haiku masters included such figures as Edo period poet Matsuo Bashō (松尾芭蕉); others influenced by Bashō include Kobayashi Issa and Masaoka Shiki. In Punjab, India, bhangra is popular. In all countries in Southeast","title":"Arts by region"},{"id":"4917958","text":"the form of a novel. Early-Modern Japanese literature (17th–19th centuries) developed comparable innovations such as haiku, a form of Japanese poetry that evolved from the ancient \"hokku\" (Japanese language: 発句) mode. Haiku consists of three lines: the first and third lines each have five \"morae\" (the rough phonological equivalent of syllables), while the second has seven. Original haiku masters included such figures as Edo period poet Matsuo Bashō (松尾芭蕉); others influenced by Bashō include Kobayashi Issa and Masaoka Shiki. Korean literature begins in the Three Kingdoms Period, and continues through the Goryeo and Joseon dynasties to the modern day. Examples","title":"Culture of Asia"},{"id":"12119817","text":"in translations of such verses into this language, kireji may be represented by punctuation (typically by a dash or an ellipsis), an exclamatory particle (such as 'how...'), or simply left unmarked. The examples below are laid out as follows: Kireji Classical renga developed a tradition of 18 kireji, which were adopted by haikai, thence used for both renku and haiku, the most common of which are listed below: Hokku and haiku consist of 17 Japanese syllables, or on (a phonetic unit identical to the mora), in three metrical phrases of 5, 7, and 5 on respectively. A kireji is typically","title":"Kireji"},{"id":"5838005","text":"5, 7 and 5 moras respectively. Alone among the verses of a poem, the hokku includes a \"kireji\" or \"cutting-word\" which appears at the end of one of its three metrical units. Like all of the other stanzas, a Japanese hokku is traditionally written in a single vertical line. Paralleling the development of haiku in English, poets writing renku in English nowadays seldom adhere to a 5-7-5 syllable format for the hokku, or other \"chōku\" ('long verses'), of their poem. The salutative requirement of the traditional hokku is often disregarded, but the hokku is still typically required to include a","title":"Hokku"},{"id":"11806893","text":"his life. In 1902, he left Kanazawa High Elementary school (equivalent to junior high school today) and started working as a clerk at the Kanazawa Regional Court. His bosses included Haiku-readers such as Kawagoe Bukotsu (河越風骨) and Akakura Kinpu (赤倉錦風) who taught him how to read/compose haiku. After numerous applications to local newspapers, his haiku was first published on October 8, 1904 in Hokkoku Shimbun. Then he used pseudonym of \"Terifumi\" (照文). Eventually, he also started writing poems and tanka (a Japanese poem of thirty‐one syllables). He started to use his pen name - Saisei - in 1906. The name","title":"Murō Saisei"},{"id":"164910","text":"a phrase in the remaining 12 \"on\" (it may not be apparent from the English translation of the Issa that the first five \"on\" mean \"Edo's rain\"). In comparison with English verse typically characterized by syllabic meter, Japanese verse counts sound units known as \"\"on\"\" or morae. Traditional haiku consist of 17 \"on\", in three phrases of five, seven and five \"on\" respectively. Among contemporary poems \"teikei\" ( fixed form) haiku continue to use the 5-7-5 pattern while \"jiyuritsu\" ( free form) haiku do not. One of the examples below illustrates that traditional haiku masters were not always constrained by","title":"Haiku"},{"id":"6814456","text":"Asian literature Asian literature is the literature produced in Asia. In Tang and Song dynasty China, famous poets such as Li Bai authored works of great importance. They wrote \"shī\" (Classical Chinese: 詩) poems, which have lines with equal numbers of characters, as well as \"cí\" (詞) poems with mixed line varieties. Early-Modern Japanese literature (17th–19th centuries) developed comparable innovations such as haiku, a form of Japanese poetry that evolved from the ancient \"hokku\" (Japanese language: 発句) mode. Haiku consists of three lines: the first and third lines each have five \"morae\" (the rough phonological equivalent of syllables), while the","title":"Asian literature"},{"id":"307513","text":"Japanese formal poetry (which was generally referred to as \"waka\"), and was used more heavily to explore personal rather than public themes. By the tenth century, tanka had become the dominant form of Japanese poetry, to the point where the originally general term \"waka\" (\"Japanese poetry\") came to be used exclusively for tanka. Tanka are still widely written today. Haiku is a popular form of unrhymed Japanese poetry, which evolved in the 17th century from the \"hokku\", or opening verse of a renku. Generally written in a single vertical line, the haiku contains three sections totalling 17 \"onji\", structured in","title":"Poetry"},{"id":"19527786","text":"in Geneva in April 1929, Delage took care to specify: \"the author requests these seven short pieces not be interrupted; the tonal sequence is intentional\". \"Haï-kaï\" is a French rendering of the Japanese word (, \"comic, unorthodox\") referring to a genre of Japanese poetry generally tinged with humour. It evolved in the 16th century from the tanka, a poetic form of 31 syllables in five lines in a scheme of 5-7-5-7-7 syllables. The \"tanka\" appeared in the Imperial Court at the end of the Nara period in the late 8th century and enjoyed a golden age during the Heian period","title":"Sept haï-kaïs"},{"id":"1607053","text":"moraic system of writing. For example, in the two-syllable word \"mōra\", the \"ō\" is a long vowel and counts as two morae. The word is written in three symbols, モーラ, corresponding here to , each containing one mora. Such scholars also argue that the 5/7/5 pattern of the haiku in modern Japanese is of morae rather than syllables. The Japanese syllable-final \"n\" is also said to be moraic, as is the first part of a geminate consonant. For example, the Japanese name for \"Japan\", 日本, has two different pronunciations, one with three morae (\"Nihon\") and one with four (\"Nippon\"). In","title":"Mora (linguistics)"},{"id":"9542635","text":"transliterated into hiragana. In cases where a hiragana is represented by a pair of symbols each pair (or \"digraph\" e.g. \"kyo\" (きょ)) equates to a single \"on\". When viewed this way, the term \"\"ji\"\" (\"character\") is used in Japanese. In English-language discussions of Japanese poetry, the more familiar word \"syllable\" is sometimes used. Although the use of \"syllable\" is inaccurate, it often happens that the syllable count and the \"on\" count match in Japanese-language haiku. The disjunction between syllables and \"on\" becomes clearer when counting sounds in English-language versions of Japanese poetic forms, such as haiku in English. An English","title":"On (Japanese prosody)"},{"id":"11579723","text":"Haiku in English being as popular as with its Japanese audience. In Yasuda's haiku theory the intent of the haiku is contained in the concept of a \"haiku moment,\" 'that moment of absolute intensity when the poet's grasp of his intuition is complete so that the image lives its own life', (seventeen syllables corresponding to that 'moment', divided into three lines within 'one breath length' ). This notion of the haiku moment has been defined as 'an aesthetic moment' a timeless feeling of enlightened harmony as a poet's nature and environment are unified'The passing momentary experience that comes alive through","title":"Kenneth Yasuda"},{"id":"11579722","text":"Knopf, 1947). In \"The Japanese Haiku\", Yasuda presented some Japanese critical theory about haiku, especially featuring comments by early twentieth-century poets and critics. Yasuda's translations apply a 5–7–5 syllable count in English, with the first and third lines end-rhymed.(Yasuda observed that although rhyme, as understood in English, does not exist in the original Japanese, in translations thereof into English they should use all the poetic resources of the language). In the same book, Yasuda contended that 'the underlying aesthetic principles that govern the arts are the same for any form in Japanese or English' and would ensure the possibilities of","title":"Kenneth Yasuda"},{"id":"3375835","text":"noted proponent. Related to \"hokku\" formally, it was generically different. In the late Edo period, a master of haikai, Karai Senryū made an anthology. His style became known as senryū, after his pseudonym. Senryū is a style of satirical poetry whose motifs are taken from daily life in 5–7–5 syllables. Anthologies of senryū in the Edo period collect many 'maeku' or senryū made by ordinary amateur senryū poets adding in front of the latter 7–7 part written by a master. It was a sort of poetry contest and the well written senryū by amateurs were awarded by the master and","title":"Japanese poetry"},{"id":"3157326","text":"Nadera, and quoted them as saying “Poesia muy alta en tagalo, compuesta de siete silabas, y cuatro versos, llena de metafora.” (16th century) (\"Poetry is quite high in Tagalog, composed of seven syllables, and four verses, full of metaphor.\") Like the Japanese haiku, Tanagas traditionally do not have any titles. They are poetic forms that should speak for themselves. Most are handed down by oral history, and contain proverbial forms, moral lessons, and snippets of a code of ethics. A poetic form similar to the tanaga is the ambahan. Unlike the ambahan whose length is indefinite, the tanaga is a","title":"Tanaga"},{"id":"15008102","text":"Dennis Lindley, who later befriended Ziliak in correspondence over W.S. Gosset and R.A. Fisher. Ziliak was a lead author on the twenty-four statistician team which crafted in 2015-2016 the historic \"American Statistical Association Statement on Statistical Significance and P-Values,\" edited by Ronald Wasserstein and Nicole Lazar. In 2001, while teaching at Georgia Tech, Ziliak rediscovered his appreciation for haiku poetry. Haiku are short lyric verse with a budget constraint, conventionally arranged in three lines of 17 sounds (5-7-and-5). He had learned about the medieval Japanese art form back in the 1980s, from a friend in Indianapolis who happened to be","title":"Stephen Ziliak"},{"id":"3375839","text":"single form of poetry. Haiku derives from the earlier hokku. The name was given by Masaoka Shiki (pen-name of Masaoka Noboru, October 14, 1867 – September 19, 1902). Tanka is a name for and a type of poem found in the Heian era poetry anthology \"Man'yōshū\". The name was given new life by Masaoka Shiki (pen-name of Masaoka Noboru, October 14, 1867 – September 19, 1902). Japanese Contemporary Poetry consists of poetic verses of today, mainly after the 1900s. It includes vast styles and genres of prose including experimental, sensual, dramatic, erotic, and many contemporary poets today are female. Japanese","title":"Japanese poetry"},{"id":"9542638","text":"or \"queue\" is perceived as a single syllable by English speakers). In \"Nippon\" the doubled \"P\" each is pronounced separately; the final \"N\" is also a separate hiragana, so the two English syllables translate to four \"on\". On (Japanese prosody) The term On (rarely \"Onji\") refers to counting phonetic sounds in Japanese poetry. In the Japanese language, the word \"\"on\"\" (音) means \"sound\". It is used to mean the phonetic units counted in haiku, tanka, and other such poetic forms. Known as \"morae\" to English-speaking linguists, the modern Japanese term for the linguistic concept is either \"haku\" () or \"mōra\"","title":"On (Japanese prosody)"},{"id":"164914","text":"in non-Japanese haiku or by modern writers of Japanese \"free-form\" haiku. The best-known Japanese haiku is Bashō's \"old pond\": This separates into \"on\" as: Translated: Another haiku by Bashō: This separates into \"on\" as: Translated: This haiku by Bashō illustrates that he was not always constrained to a 5-7-5 \"on\" pattern. It contains 18 \"on\" in the pattern 6-7-5 (\"ō\" or is treated as two \"on\".) This separates into \"on\" as: Translated: This haiku by Issa illustrates that 17 Japanese \"on\" do not always equate to 17 English syllables (\"nan\" counts as two \"on\" and \"nonda\" as three.) This separates","title":"Haiku"},{"id":"19446589","text":"from the structure of haiku, a Japanese style of poetry which comprises a 5-syllable line, a 7-syllable line, and then another 5-syllable line. Upon its release, the track garnered positive reviews from music critics, who praised the song’s composition and the rap delivery. Due to the song being released digitally and as a B-side to \"Voice\", it was ruled ineligible to chart on Japan’s Oricon Singles Chart. However, it peaked at number 73 on \"Billboard\"'s Japan Hot 100 chart, and number four on the RIAJ Digital Track Chart. It was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of Japan (RIAJ)","title":"575 (song)"},{"id":"164936","text":"South Asia, some other poets also write Haiku from time to time, most notably including the Pakistani poet Omer Tarin, who is also active in the movement for global nuclear disarmament and some of his 'Hiroshima Haiku' have been read at various peace conferences in Japan and the UK. Haiku In Japanese, haiku are traditionally printed in a single vertical line while haiku in English often appear in three lines to parallel the three phrases of Japanese haiku. Previously called \"hokku\", haiku was given its current name by the Japanese writer Masaoka Shiki at the end of the 19th century.","title":"Haiku"},{"id":"2787933","text":"modern haiku poets have had to reconsider the construction of kigo and their attribution to the seasons. One of the biggest changes to the local tradition is the creation of the lunar New Year as a seasonal section for kigo. Haiku started as a form of Japanese poetry and is now written in many different languages around the world. William J. Higginson's \"Haiku World\" (1996), which is the first international \"saijiki\", contains more than 1,000 poems, by over 600 poets from 50 countries writing in 25 languages. The writing of haiku around the world has increased with the advent of","title":"Kigo"},{"id":"5802293","text":"of the formats most commonly used in writing renku Renku , or , is a Japanese form of popular collaborative linked verse poetry. It is a development of the older Japanese poetic tradition of \"ushin\" renga, or orthodox collaborative linked verse. At renku gatherings participating poets take turns providing alternating verses of 17 and 14 morae. Initially \"haikai no renga\" distinguished itself through vulgarity and coarseness of wit, before growing into a legitimate artistic tradition, and eventually giving birth to the haiku form of Japanese poetry. The term \"renku\" gained currency after 1904, when Kyoshi Takahama started to use it.","title":"Renku"},{"id":"164927","text":"stimulated the writing of haiku in English. The Japanese-American scholar and translator Kenneth Yasuda published \"The Japanese Haiku: Its Essential Nature, History, and Possibilities in English, with Selected Examples\" in 1957. The book includes both translations from Japanese and original poems of his own in English, which had previously appeared in his book titled \"A Pepper-Pod: Classic Japanese Poems together with Original Haiku\". In these books Yasuda presented a critical theory about haiku, to which he added comments on haiku poetry by early 20th-century poets and critics. His translations apply a 5–7–5 syllable count in English, with the first and","title":"Haiku"},{"id":"3375798","text":"are a short, 3-line verse form, which have achieved significant global popularity, and the haiku form has been adapted from Japanese into other languages. Typical of the haiku form is the metrical pattern of 3 lines with a distribution of 5, 7, and 5 \"on\" (also known as morae) within those lines. Other features include the juxtaposition of two images or ideas with a \"kireji\" (\"cutting word\") between them, and a \"kigo\", or seasonal reference, usually drawn from a \"saijiki\", or traditional list of such words. Much of Japanese poetry has been transmitted historically through published anthologies, many of them","title":"Japanese poetry"},{"id":"15997378","text":"following the weekly lecture. In 1965, Derby tape-recorded and transcribed Suzuki's morning lectures. From 1968, Trudy Dixon edited the lectures into a book, \"Zen Mind, Beginner's Mind\", published in 1971. In 1966, the garage was converted to a meditation hall in the style of Sōtō Zen temples in Japan, to Suzuki's design. Construction, by Sangha members, began in June, 1966. \"Haiku Zendo\", named for its seventeen cushions that matched the number of syllables in a haiku poem, was officially opened on August 4, 1966. In 1970, Kobun Chino-sensei became Haiku Zendo's resident teacher. In 1979, the Sangha bought a small","title":"Kannon Do Zen Meditation Center"},{"id":"12232116","text":"popular in English-language schools as a way to encourage the appreciation and writing of poetry. \"Haiku\" is a term sometimes loosely applied to any short, impressionistic poem, but there are certain characteristics that are commonly associated with the genre: Some additional traits are especially associated with English-language haiku (as opposed to Japanese-language haiku): Arguably, the first successful haiku in English was \"In a Station of the Metro\" by Ezra Pound, published in 1913. During the Imagist period, a number of mainstream poets, including Pound, wrote what they called \"hokku\", usually in a five-six-four syllable pattern. American poet Amy Lowell published","title":"Haiku in English"},{"id":"5529266","text":"for a series of iconic camera designs for Eastman Kodak. Adelaide Crapsey's her papers are at the University of Rochester Library archives. In the years before her death, she wrote much of the verse on which her reputation rests. Her interest in rhythm and meter led her to create a unique variation on the cinquain (or quintain), a 5-line form of 22 syllables influenced by the Japanese haiku and tanka. Her five-line cinquain (now styled as an American cinquain) has a generally iambic meter defined as \"one-stress, two-stress, three-stress, four-stress and suddenly back to one-stress\" and normally consists of 2","title":"Adelaide Crapsey"},{"id":"164907","text":"Haiku In Japanese, haiku are traditionally printed in a single vertical line while haiku in English often appear in three lines to parallel the three phrases of Japanese haiku. Previously called \"hokku\", haiku was given its current name by the Japanese writer Masaoka Shiki at the end of the 19th century. In Japanese haiku a \"kireji\", or cutting word, typically appears at the end of one of the verse's three phrases. A \"kireji\" fills a role somewhat analogous to a \"caesura\" in classical western poetry or to a volta in sonnets. Depending on which cutting word is chosen, and its","title":"Haiku"},{"id":"5137383","text":"the Ofudesaki has been translated into a number of languages. A trial translation was published in series in the journal \"Fukugen\" from 1946–7. The first edition English translation was published in 1971, and the sixth edition (the most recent as of 2017) was published in 1993. A volume containing the English (sixth edition), Japanese, and romanization (2nd edition) was published in 1998. The verses of the Ofudesaki are generally in a traditional poetic style known as \"waka\". A \"waka\" poem contains thirty-one syllables and is subdivided into two lines. The Ofudesaki is mostly written in a Japanese phonetic syllabary (a","title":"Ofudesaki"},{"id":"1881566","text":"from those imported from China; within the umbrella of \"waka\" poetry, one of the more popular forms is known as . It consists of a total of 31 Japanese syllables (morae) divided over five lines, in the syllabic pattern 5/7/5/7/7. Asuka period The was a period in the history of Japan lasting from 538 to 710 (or 592 to 645), although its beginning could be said to overlap with the preceding Kofun period. The Yamato polity evolved greatly during the Asuka period, which is named after the Asuka region, about 25 km south of the modern city of Nara. The","title":"Asuka period"},{"id":"5802289","text":"Renku , or , is a Japanese form of popular collaborative linked verse poetry. It is a development of the older Japanese poetic tradition of \"ushin\" renga, or orthodox collaborative linked verse. At renku gatherings participating poets take turns providing alternating verses of 17 and 14 morae. Initially \"haikai no renga\" distinguished itself through vulgarity and coarseness of wit, before growing into a legitimate artistic tradition, and eventually giving birth to the haiku form of Japanese poetry. The term \"renku\" gained currency after 1904, when Kyoshi Takahama started to use it. The oldest known collection of haikai linked verse appears","title":"Renku"},{"id":"15345786","text":"to Tokyo to study Edo period Japanese literature. In 1895, he enrolled in the Tōkyō Senmon Gakkō (present-day Waseda University), but soon left the university for a job as an editor and literary criticism for the literary magazine \"Nihonjin\". While working, he also submitted variants on haiku poetry, experimenting with irregular numbers of syllables. He married in 1897. In 1898, Kyoshi came to manage the haiku magazine \"Hototogisu,\" which had been previously edited by Shiki, and moved the headquarters of the magazine from Matsuyama to Tokyo. In \"Hototogisu\", he kept with the traditional style of haiku, as opposed to the","title":"Kyoshi Takahama"},{"id":"11028252","text":"turning point in Japanese warfare; many cite it as the first \"modern\" Japanese battle. Yonekura Shigetsugu rushed the Takeda flank singlehandedly before he was killed by gunfire. His corpse was later impaled on a pike by Nobunaga's forces. (see Battles of Kawanakajima) Following the battle, Nobunaga continued henceforth until he had effectively established control over all of Japan. Yonekura's death poem is often performed in Noh plays to this day, and is a prime example of the Haiku form in death poems. While death poems did not adopt any prescribed form as far as syllables, tone, and length were concerned","title":"Yonekura Shigetsugu"},{"id":"3375792","text":"important Edo period (1603 and 1867, also known as \"Tokugawa\") and modern times; however, the history of poetry often is different than socio-political history. Since the middle of the 19th century, the major forms of Japanese poetry have been \"tanka\" (the modern name for \"waka\"), \"haiku\" and \"shi\" or western-style poetry. Today, the main forms of Japanese poetry include both experimental poetry and poetry that seeks to revive traditional ways. Poets writing in tanka, haiku and shi may seldom write poetry other than in their specific chosen form, although some active poets are eager to collaborate with poets in other","title":"Japanese poetry"},{"id":"2217748","text":"a school essay, \"Yōken Setsu\" (\"On Western Dogs\"), where he praises the varied utility of western dogs as opposed to Japanese ones, which \"only help in hunting and scare away burglars.\") Contemporary to Shiki was the idea that traditional Japanese poetic short forms, such as the haiku and \"tanka\", were waning due to their incongruity in the modern Meiji period. Shiki, at times, expressed similar sentiments. There were no great living practitioners although these forms of poetry retained some popularity. Despite an atmosphere of decline, only a year or so after his 1883 arrival in Tokyo, Shiki began writing haiku.","title":"Masaoka Shiki"},{"id":"2417274","text":"the greatest \"haikai\" poet. The most favored form of \"renga\" in the Edo period was the , a chain consisting of 36 verses. As a rule, \"kasen\" must refer to flowers (usually cherry blossoms) twice, and three times to the moon. These references are termed and . The first stanza of the \"renga\" chain, the \"hokku\", is the forebear of the modern haiku. The stand-alone hokku was renamed haiku in the Meiji period by the great Japanese poet and critic Masaoka Shiki. Shiki proposed \"haiku\" as an abbreviation of the phrase \"\"haikai no ku\"\" meaning a verse of \"haikai\". For","title":"Renga"},{"id":"412812","text":"Tanka Originally, in the time of the \"Man'yōshū\" (latter half of the eighth century AD), the term \"tanka\" was used to distinguish \"short poems\" from the longer . In the ninth and tenth centuries, however, notably with the compilation of the \"Kokinshū\", the short poem became the dominant form of poetry in Japan, and the originally general word \"waka\" became the standard name for this form. Japanese poet and critic Masaoka Shiki revived the term \"tanka\" in the early twentieth century for his statement that \"waka should be renewed and modernized\". \"Haiku\" is also a term of his invention, used","title":"Tanka"},{"id":"12739359","text":"1960s. Upon return to the US he completed his undergraduate studies, obtaining a BA in English at Southern Connecticut State College in 1969. He edited \"Haiku Magazine\" from 1971 to 1976, and ran the literary \"From Here Press\", which published titles by several well-known authors, including Allen Ginsberg, Elizabeth Searle Lamb, and Ruth Stone. Higginson's experience in Japan led him to conclude \"the 17 sound structure of Japanese haiku did not translate into 17 syllables in English\" and in his translations therefrom stressed more upon \"the order of images, the grammar between them (or lack thereof) and the psychological effect","title":"William J. Higginson"},{"id":"4245248","text":"renaissance so that in Middle Scots diction the 15th and 16th century Makars achieved a rich and varied blend of characteristically Germanic Anglic features with newer Latinate and aureate language and principles. In Japanese poetry, the rules for writing traditional haiku require that each poem include a reference to a specific season. For the renga linked-verse form from which haiku derived, the rules specify that certain stanzas should have seasonal references. In both cases, such references are achieved by inclusion of a kigo (season word). Japanese poets regularly use a \"Saijiki\", a kigo dictionary that contains lists of season words,","title":"Poetic diction"},{"id":"12232115","text":"Haiku in English A haiku in English is a very short poem in the English language, following to a greater or lesser extent the form and style of the Japanese haiku. A typical haiku is a three-line observation about a fleeting moment involving nature. The first haiku written in English date from the early 20th century, influenced by English translations of traditional Japanese haiku, and the form has grown in popularity ever since. Many well-known English-language poets have written some haiku, though—perhaps because of their brevity—they are not often considered an important part of their work. Haiku has also proven","title":"Haiku in English"},{"id":"10469365","text":"States and set up his own publishing company to produce a long sequence of books that endeavour to travel over, in thematic sequences, the highways and byways of Japanese poetry. Gill's work focuses on kigo or seasonal keyword thematics in traditional Japanese poetry, ranging widely over haiku, senryū, waka and (狂歌:crazy poems), concentrating in each successive book on sub-themes, with the poems arranged in thematic chains. Characteristically, he provides the original Japanese text, with romanized transliteration, a word-for-word literal gloss, and then multiple versions (what he calls by his portmanteau neologism, \"paraverse\", though the method was used by Hiroaki Sato.","title":"Robin D. Gill"},{"id":"6108144","text":"Roy Arad Roy \"Chicky\" Arad (Hebrew: רועי \"צ'יקי\" ארד, born 1977) is an Israeli poet, singer, script-writer, artist and political activist. Arad is the editor of Maayan magazine for poetry and a journalist in Haaretz. Arad was born in Beersheba. Arad has published eight books. He formed a style that he called \"Kimo\" and defined as \"a Hebrew adaptation of the Japanese Haiku\": it consists of three lines of 10, 7, and 6 syllables. It usually describes one frozen scene that has no movement in it, and in practice, the content of the poems is close to Senryū. As an","title":"Roy Arad"},{"id":"6814458","text":"(Japan, 1994). Yasunari Kawabata wrote novels and short stories distinguished by their elegant and spartan diction such as the novels Snow Country and The Master of Go. Asian literature Asian literature is the literature produced in Asia. In Tang and Song dynasty China, famous poets such as Li Bai authored works of great importance. They wrote \"shī\" (Classical Chinese: 詩) poems, which have lines with equal numbers of characters, as well as \"cí\" (詞) poems with mixed line varieties. Early-Modern Japanese literature (17th–19th centuries) developed comparable innovations such as haiku, a form of Japanese poetry that evolved from the ancient","title":"Asian literature"},{"id":"8496595","text":"poet. There are extant over 1,500 of Enku's Japanese poems in two collections along with a few more written on the back of statues. One collection of 100 poems is called, \"Kesa Niji Hyaku Shu\" (“One Hundred Poems Containing the Two Characters Kesa). The other which is much larger is called \"Otoko Warashi Uta (“Male Child Songs”). Mostly he wrote waka (also known as “tanka”), an ancient five-line verse form with the syllables running usually, 5-7-5-7-7. Themes include his mountain practice, responses to nature and the seasons, romantic pieces and expressions of joy and bliss (he nicknamed himself Kanki Shamon","title":"Enkū"},{"id":"4018552","text":"Fujiwara no Teika , better-known as Fujiwara no Teika (1162 – September 26, 1241), was a Japanese poet, critic, calligrapher, novelist, anthologist, scribe, and scholar of the late Heian and early Kamakura periods. His influence was enormous, and he is counted as among the greatest of Japanese poets, and perhaps the greatest master of the waka form – an ancient poetic form consisting of five lines with a total of 31 syllables. Teika's critical ideas on composing poetry were extremely influential and studied until as late as the Meiji era. A member of a poetic clan, Teika was born to","title":"Fujiwara no Teika"},{"id":"164909","text":"even to the point of occasionally end-stopping a phrase with a . However, renku typically employ \"kireji\". In English, since \"kireji\" have no direct equivalent, poets sometimes use punctuation such as a dash or ellipsis, or an implied break to create a juxtaposition intended to prompt the reader to reflect on the relationship between the two parts. The \"kireji\" in the Bashō examples \"old pond\" and \"the wind of Mt Fuji\" are both \"ya\" (). Neither the remaining Bashō example nor the Issa example contain a \"kireji\" although they do both balance a fragment in the first five \"on\" against","title":"Haiku"},{"id":"307508","text":"other variations of \"shi\" poetry, generally either a four line (quatrain, or \"jueju\") or else an eight line poem is normal; either way with the even numbered lines rhyming. The line length is scanned by according number of characters (according to the convention that one character equals one syllable), and are predominantly either five or seven characters long, with a caesura before the final three syllables. The lines are generally end-stopped, considered as a series of couplets, and exhibit verbal parallelism as a key poetic device. The \"old style\" verse (\"gushi\") is less formally strict than the \"jintishi\", or regulated","title":"Poetry"},{"id":"3031181","text":"in order to recall the digits of pi. However, where sound-based mnemonics use assonance, extra care must be taken to distinguish \"nine\" and \"five,\" which contain the same vowel sound. In this example, the author assumes the convention that zero is often called \"O.\" The piku follows the rules of conventional haiku (three lines of 5, 7 and 5 syllables), but with the added mnemonic trick that each word contains the same number of letters as the numerals of pi, e.g. In 2004, Andrew Huang wrote a song that was a mnemonic for the first fifty digits of pi, titled","title":"Piphilology"},{"id":"16861146","text":"Estonian haiku Estonian haiku () is a short poem in Estonian language which has adopted the form and style of the original Japanese haiku. Estonian haiku was first introduced in 2009. The so-called \"Estonian haiku\" is shorter than the Japanese one; the syllable count in Japanese haiku is 5+7+5, while Estonian haiku also goes in three lines but only comprises 4+6+4 syllables. Estonian authors claim that this is a distinctively Estonian form. Traditional haiku have been developed in Estonia since 1960s. Andres Ehin (1940–2011) was the most prominent Estonian-language haiku writer of the 20th century; his bilingual English-Estonian collection \"Moose","title":"Estonian haiku"},{"id":"13804873","text":"Yamadera Basho Memorial Museum The was established in 1989 as part of the cultural building boom in Yamagata celebrating the 100-year anniversary of the founding of the city. Located about 20 minutes by train (Senzan Line between Yamagata and Sendai) from Yamagata Station, it sits on the south side of the steep river valley facing Yamadera to the north, the historic temple founded in 860 which is one of the area's most beloved sacred sites and top sightseeing destinations. The Museum focuses on the life of Matsuo Bashō (1644–1694) who perfected the art of haiku, the concise 5-7-5 syllable verse","title":"Yamadera Basho Memorial Museum"},{"id":"9542634","text":"Nishi Amane in 1870 as \"letter\". Since then, the term \"onji\" has become obsolete in Japan, and only survives in foreign-language discussion of Japanese poetry. Gilbert and Yoneoka call the use of the word \"\"onji\"\" \"bizarre and mistaken\". It was taken up after a 1978 letter to \"Frogpond: Journal of the Haiku Society of America\" decrying the then-current use of the word \"jion\", which itself appears to have arisen in error. The normal Japanese term in the context of counting sounds in poetry is \"\"on\"\". Counting \"on\" in Japanese poetry is the same as counting characters when the text is","title":"On (Japanese prosody)"},{"id":"8685738","text":"Haikai Haikai (Japanese 俳諧 \"comic, unorthodox\") may refer in both Japanese and English to \"haikai no renga\" (renku), a popular genre of Japanese linked verse, which developed in the sixteenth century out of the earlier aristocratic renga. It meant \"vulgar\" or \"earthy\", and often derived its effect from satire and puns, though \"under the influence of [Matsuo] Bashō (1644–1694) the tone of haikai no renga became more serious\". \"Haikai\" may also refer to other poetic forms that embrace the haikai aesthetic, including haiku and senryū (varieties of one-verse haikai), haiga (haikai art, often accompanied by haiku), and haibun (haiku mixed","title":"Haikai"},{"id":"8685733","text":"Haikai Haikai (Japanese 俳諧 \"comic, unorthodox\") may refer in both Japanese and English to \"haikai no renga\" (renku), a popular genre of Japanese linked verse, which developed in the sixteenth century out of the earlier aristocratic renga. It meant \"vulgar\" or \"earthy\", and often derived its effect from satire and puns, though \"under the influence of [Matsuo] Bashō (1644–1694) the tone of haikai no renga became more serious\". \"Haikai\" may also refer to other poetic forms that embrace the haikai aesthetic, including haiku and senryū (varieties of one-verse haikai), haiga (haikai art, often accompanied by haiku), and haibun (haiku mixed","title":"Haikai"},{"id":"16779917","text":"In the time of the \"Man'yōshū\" (compiled after 759 AD), the term \"tanka\" was used to distinguish \"short poems\" from the longer . In the ninth and tenth centuries, however, notably with the compilation of the \"Kokin Wakashū\", the short poem became the dominant form of poetry in Japan, and the originally general word became the standard name for this form. Japanese poet and critic Masaoka Shiki revived the term \"tanka\" in the early twentieth century as part of his tanka modernization project, similar to his revision of the term \"haiku\". Tanka consist of five units (often treated as separate","title":"Tanka in English"},{"id":"20459570","text":"Shintaishi Shintaishi () is a type of Japanese poetry. It specifically refers to poems written in classical Japanese in non-traditional forms (as opposed to the 5-7-5-7-7 \"waka\" and the 5-7-5 \"haiku\") in the Meiji period. Notable practitioners of the form included Yuasa Banketsu and Ochiai Naobumi. It declined in popularity in the first two decades of the twentieth century, in favour of free-form poetry in a more vernacular form of Japanese. \"Shintaishi\" (literally \"new form poetry\") has its origins in the Meiji period. It refers to poetry with a fixed form and written in classical Japanese. Early Japanese bilingual dictionaries","title":"Shintaishi"},{"id":"3375827","text":"in or around the 12th century, some new movements of poetry appeared. First a new lyrical form called \"imayō\" (今様, modern style, a form of \"ryūkōka\") emerged. \"Imayō\" consists of four lines in 8–5 (or 7–5) syllables. Usually it was sung to the accompaniment of instrumental music and dancing. Female dancers (\"shirabyōshi\") danced to the accompaniment of \"imayō\". Major works were compiled into the \"Ryōjin Hishō\" (梁塵秘抄) anthology. Although originally women and commoners are thought to be proponents of the genre, Emperor Go-Shirakawa was famed for his mastery of \"imayō\". Some new trends appeared in \"waka\". There were two opposite","title":"Japanese poetry"},{"id":"910044","text":"a time criticizing his poetry was literally blasphemous. In the late 19th century, this period of unanimous passion for Bashō's poems came to an end. Masaoka Shiki, arguably Bashō's most famous critic, tore down the long-standing orthodoxy with his bold and candid objections to Bashō's style. However, Shiki was also instrumental in making Bashō's poetry accessible in English, and to leading intellectuals and the Japanese public at large. He invented the term \"haiku\" (replacing \"hokku\") to refer to the freestanding 5-7-5 form which he considered the most artistic and desirable part of the \"haikai no renga\". Critical interpretation of Bashō's","title":"Matsuo Bashō"},{"id":"19717159","text":"following the war, the anger he carried faded and he began to learn about and appreciate Japanese art and culture, which helped him to better understand the war, and led him to feel compelled to visit. The book is an example of \"haibun\", a Japanese literary form in which a group of poems form a larger narrative. Caroline Bokinsky notes that here, unlike others in Brautigan's oeuvre, he is a \"confessional poet, lost and alone in a strange land, unable to communicate.\" Many reviewers commented on a pervasive feeling of loneliness running throughout the text. \"Kirkus Reviews\" described Brautigan's apparent","title":"June 30th, June 30th"},{"id":"164929","text":"Anthology of Poems and Poets from Bashô to Shiki\" by Harold G. Henderson was published by Doubleday Anchor Books. This book was a revision of Henderson's earlier book titled \"The Bamboo Broom\" (Houghton Mifflin, 1934). After World War II, Henderson and Blyth worked for the American Occupation in Japan and for the Imperial Household, respectively, and their shared appreciation of haiku helped form a bond between the two. Henderson translated every hokku and haiku into a rhymed tercet (a-b-a), whereas the Japanese originals never used rhyme. Unlike Yasuda, however, he recognized that 17 syllables in English are generally longer than","title":"Haiku"},{"id":"3375797","text":"the \"honored guest\" composing a few beginning lines, often in the form of the \"hokku\" (which, as a stand-alone piece, eventually evolved into the haiku). This initial sally was followed by a stanza composed by the \"host.\" This process could continue, sometimes with many stanzas composed by numerous other \"guests\", until the final conclusion. Other collaborative forms of Japanese poetry also evolved, such as the \"renku\" (\"linked-verse\") form. In other cases, the poetry collaborations were more competitive, such as with \"uta-awase\" gatherings, in which Heian period poets composed \"waka\" poems on set themes, with a judge deciding the winner(s). Haiku","title":"Japanese poetry"},{"id":"6789310","text":"Shōtetsu Shōtetsu (, 1381–1459 CE) was a Japanese poet during the Muromachi period, and is considered to have been the last poet in the courtly waka tradition; a number of his disciples were important in the development of the renga art form, which led to the haiku. He was born in 1381 in a minor fortified town in the then province of Bitchū (now Okayama) to a samurai of middling rank named Komatsu Ysukiyo. About ten years after his birth, Shōtetsu's family moved to Kyoto for unknown reasons. At approximately the age of 15 (by the Occidental count), he was","title":"Shōtetsu"},{"id":"1564631","text":"his poetry, and Nakahara came to be known for his \"bohemian\" lifestyle. Chūya adapted the traditional counts of five and seven used in Japanese \"haiku\" and \"tanka\", but frequently tripped these counts with variations, in order to obtain a rhythmical, musical effect. Several of his poems were used as lyrics in songs, so this musical effect may have been carefully calculated from the start. Chūya's works were rejected by many publishers, and he found acceptance primarily with the smaller literary magazines, including \"Yamamayu\", which he launched together with Kobayashi Hideo, (although on occasion \"Shiki\" and \"Bungakukai\" would condescend to publish","title":"Chūya Nakahara"},{"id":"9542637","text":"a syllable, and hence the four hiragana are also four syllables. In \"Ōsaka\", the initial O is a long (doubled) vowel (denoted with a macron over the vowel in rōmaji), and hence counts as two \"on\". \"Tōkyō\" includes two long vowels, which contribute two \"on\" each in Japanese but only one syllable each in English, which does not distinguish long vowels from short; meanwhile \"kyo\" is perceived by Japanese speakers to be a single sound but in this context is perceived by English speakers as two syllables. (Note that the same sound at the beginning of a word e.g. \"cute\"","title":"On (Japanese prosody)"},{"id":"3791757","text":"line of the first poem in the \"Kojiki\" was written with five characters: This method of writing Japanese syllables by using characters for their Chinese sounds (\"ongana\") was supplemented with indirect methods in the complex mixed script of the \"Man'yōshū\" (c. 759). In \"man'yōgana\", each Old Japanese syllable was represented by a Chinese character. Although any one of several characters could be used for a given syllable, a careful analysis revealed that 88 syllables were distinguished in the \"Kojiki\": The system has the same gaps of \"yi\" and \"wu\" found in later forms of Japanese. However, many syllables that have","title":"Old Japanese"},{"id":"164917","text":"to what is now called \"haiku\". Bashō also used his \"hokku\" as torque points within his short prose sketches and longer travel diaries. This subgenre of \"haikai\" is known as \"haibun\". His best-known work, \"Oku no Hosomichi\", or \"Narrow Roads to the Interior\", is counted as one of the classics of Japanese literature and has been translated into English extensively. Bashō was deified by both the imperial government and Shinto religious headquarters one hundred years after his death because he raised the haikai genre from a playful game of wit to sublime poetry. He continues to be revered as a","title":"Haiku"},{"id":"4063917","text":"divine. By 1946, Blyth had become Professor of English at Gakushuin University, and became private tutor to the Crown Prince (later emperor) Akihito until the end of his [Blyth's] life. He did much to popularise Zen philosophy and Japanese poetry (particularly \"haiku\") in the West. In 1954, he was awarded a doctorate in literature from Tokyo University, and, in 1959, he received the \"Zuihōshō\" (Order of Merit) Fourth Grade. Blyth died in 1964, probably of a brain tumour and complications from pneumonia, in the Seiroka Hospital in Tokyo. He was buried in the cemetery of the Shokozan Tokei Soji Zenji","title":"Reginald Horace Blyth"},{"id":"20459573","text":"of Naturalism and the vernacular free-form poetry movement (口語自由詩運動), it saw a decline and effectively disappeared. Shintaishi Shintaishi () is a type of Japanese poetry. It specifically refers to poems written in classical Japanese in non-traditional forms (as opposed to the 5-7-5-7-7 \"waka\" and the 5-7-5 \"haiku\") in the Meiji period. Notable practitioners of the form included Yuasa Banketsu and Ochiai Naobumi. It declined in popularity in the first two decades of the twentieth century, in favour of free-form poetry in a more vernacular form of Japanese. \"Shintaishi\" (literally \"new form poetry\") has its origins in the Meiji period. It","title":"Shintaishi"},{"id":"16352251","text":"\"chōka\" had effectively gone extinct, and \"chōka\" had significantly diminished in prominence. As a result, the word \"waka\" became effectively synonymous with \"tanka\", and the word \"tanka\" fell out of use until it was revived at the end of the nineteenth century (see \"Tanka\"). \"Tanka\" (hereafter referred to as \"waka\") consist of five of 5-7-5-7-7 \"on\" or syllabic units. Therefore, \"tanka\" is sometimes called \"Misohitomoji\" (三十一文字), meaning it contains 31 syllables in total. The term \"waka\" originally encompassed a number of differing forms, principally and , but also including bussokusekika, and . These last three forms, however, fell into disuse","title":"Waka (poetry)"},{"id":"10469372","text":"is to be singled out for especial praise.' Robin D. Gill Robin Dallas Gill, born in 1951 at Miami Beach, Florida, USA, and brought up on the island of Key Biscayne in the Florida Keys, is a bilingual author in Japanese and English. He wrote extensively on stereotypes of Japanese identity before moving on to publishing his research on, and translations of Japanese poetry, especially the genres of haiku and senryū. He is considered a 'maverick' writer within the field of Western studies on Edo-period poetry. He writes haiku in Japanese under the \"haigō\" (haikai pen-name) Keigu (敬愚:'Yours foolishly', an","title":"Robin D. Gill"},{"id":"910046","text":"the Imagists, and poets of the Beat Generation. Two of Bashō's poems were popularized in the short story \"Teddy\" written by J. D. Salinger and published in 1952 by \"The New Yorker\" magazine. In 1979, the International Astronomical Union named a crater found on Mercury after him. Matsuo Bashō , born , then , was the most famous poet of the Edo period in Japan. During his lifetime, Bashō was recognized for his works in the collaborative \"haikai no renga\" form; today, after centuries of commentary, he is recognized as the greatest master of haiku (then called hokku). Matsuo Bashō's","title":"Matsuo Bashō"},{"id":"2787937","text":"無季 (no-season). In the pre-Meiji era (before 1868), almost all haiku contained a kigo. For example, Japanese experts have classified only about 10 of Matsuo Bashō's (1644-1694) hokku in the miscellaneous (zō) category (out of about 1,000 hokku). As with most of the pre-Meiji poets, Bashō was primarily a renku poet (that is, he composed linked verse with other poets), so he also wrote plenty of miscellaneous and love stanzas for the interior lines of a renku. Usually about half the stanzas in a renku do not reference a season. The Meiji era poet Masaoka Shiki (1867–1902), who recommended several","title":"Kigo"},{"id":"3375837","text":"went out of fashion and was seldom written. As a result, Japanese men of letters lost the traditional background of Chinese literary knowledge. Originally the word \"shi\" meant poetry, especially Chinese poetry, but today it means mainly modern-style poetry in Japanese. \"Shi\" is also known as \"kindai-shi\" (modern poetry). Since World War II, poets and critics have used the name \"gendai-shi\" (contemporary poetry). This includes the poets Kusano Shinpei, Tanikawa Shuntarō and Ishigaki Rin. As for the traditional styles such as \"waka\" and \"haiku,\" the early modern era was also a time of renovation. Yosano Tekkan and later Masaoka Shiki","title":"Japanese poetry"},{"id":"3375834","text":"by his own haiku poems. Such combination of haiku with painting is known as haiga. Waka underwent a revival, too, in relation to kokugaku, the study of Japanese classics. Kyōka (mad song), a type of satirical waka was also popular. One poetry school of the era was the Danrin school. Hokku renga, or of its later derivative, renku (haikai no renga). From the time of Matsuo Bashō (1644–1694), the hokku began to appear as an independent poem, and was also incorporated in haibun (in combination with prose). Haikai emerged from the renga of the medieval period. Matsuo Bashō was a","title":"Japanese poetry"},{"id":"19527787","text":"(794–1185). The haiku form that had appeared by the 17th century also derives from the \"tanka\", reduced to 17 syllables: 5-7-5. Gaston Renondeau noted that the \"haikai\" form \"enjoyed an unparallelled vogue from the end of the 15th century\". The production of haikai has continued into modern times. The \"light\" character of the work does not preclude depth—according to Rodriguez, \"the limited number of words condenses the energy of the poem, a veritable animistic vision of nature\", and thus \"the first lines are loaded with a symbolism suitable to draw Delage's attention, and constitute the first of the \"Sept haï-kaïs\"\".","title":"Sept haï-kaïs"},{"id":"1315731","text":"ends phrases in auxiliary verbs. Whereas English ends in verbs or nouns, which are extremely common, Japanese rappers were limited by the small number of grammatically correct possibilities for ending a phrase. Japanese also lacks the stresses on certain syllables that provide flow to English rapping. Even traditional Japanese poetry was based on the numbers of syllables present, unlike English poetry, which was based on the stresses in a line. Most Japanese lyrical music was also formulated using textual repetition, not relying on the flow of the words. The Japanese also have many ways of indicating class distinctions. English is","title":"Japanese hip hop"},{"id":"910045","text":"poems continued into the 20th century, with notable works by Yamamoto Kenkichi, Imoto Nōichi, and Ogata Tsutomu. The 20th century also saw translations of Bashō's poems into languages and editions around the world. The position of Bashō in Western eyes as the \"haiku\" poet \"par excellence\" gives great influence to his poetry: Western preference for \"haiku\" over more traditional forms such as \"tanka\" or \"renga\" have rendered archetypal status to Bashō as Japanese poet and \"haiku\" as Japanese poetry. Some western scholars even believe that Bashō invented haiku. The impressionistic and concise nature of Bashō's verse greatly influenced Ezra Pound,","title":"Matsuo Bashō"},{"id":"412813","text":"for his revision of standalone hokku, with the same idea. Tanka consist of five units (often treated as separate lines when romanized or translated) usually with the following pattern of \"on\" (often treated as, roughly, the number of syllables per unit or line): The 5-7-5 is called the , and the 7-7 is called the . During the Kojiki and Nihonshoki periods the tanka retained a well defined form, but the history of the mutations of the tanka itself forms an important chapter in haiku history, until the modern revival of tanka began with several poets who began to publish","title":"Tanka"},{"id":"558464","text":"person is chosen to be the reader. As the reader reads a yomifuda, the players race to find its associated torifuda before anybody else does. It is often possible to identify a poem by its first one or two syllables. This game has traditionally been played on New Year's Day since 1904. Competitive karuta has competitions on various levels with the Japan national championship tournament being held every January at Omi shrine (a Shinto shrine) in Ōtsu, Shiga since 1955. A few non-matching games exist that use only the yomifuda. Bouzu Mekuri (), is a simple game of chance originating","title":"Karuta"},{"id":"6258550","text":"a user needs to know, or guess, the pronunciation of a character in order to look it up. The modern Chinese dictionary improvement is alphabetical collation by \"pinyin\" romanization. Japanese \"onbiki\" dictionaries historically changed from poetic \"iroha\" to practical \"gojūon\" ordering around 1890. Compare the former pangram poem (\"i-ro-ha-ni-ho-he-to, chi-ri-nu-ru-wo\", … \"Although flowers glow with color, They are quickly fallen, …) with the latter \"fifty sounds\" 10 consonants by 5 vowels grid (\"a-i-u-e-o, ka-ki-ku-ke-ko\", …). m The first Japanese dictionaries are no longer extant and only known by titles. For example, the \"Nihon Shoki\" (tr. Aston 1896:354) says Emperor Tenmu","title":"Japanese dictionary"},{"id":"20203718","text":"Yuri Yasuda Yuri \"Yureeka\" Yasuda (; born 21 June 1983) also known as Yureeka is a Japanese businesswoman and art collector. Born in Tokyo and raised in New York City, she graduated from Sophia University with a bachelor's degree in Comparative Cultures. Yuri Yasuda was born in Tokyo in 1983. Her great-grandfather, Hizume Masaharu was a doctor as well as a poet who has published a collection of tanka, a thirty-one syllabled verse. Her grandfather, Nobuaki Hizume was the head bureaucrat of the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, as well as the former Director-General of Small and Medium Enterprises,","title":"Yuri Yasuda"},{"id":"10469362","text":"Robin D. Gill Robin Dallas Gill, born in 1951 at Miami Beach, Florida, USA, and brought up on the island of Key Biscayne in the Florida Keys, is a bilingual author in Japanese and English. He wrote extensively on stereotypes of Japanese identity before moving on to publishing his research on, and translations of Japanese poetry, especially the genres of haiku and senryū. He is considered a 'maverick' writer within the field of Western studies on Edo-period poetry. He writes haiku in Japanese under the \"haigō\" (haikai pen-name) Keigu (敬愚:'Yours foolishly', an homophonous pun on 敬具:'Yours truly'). Since 2013, he","title":"Robin D. Gill"},{"id":"19429784","text":"B. Yeats wrote \"The Lake Isle of Innisfree\" (1888) with the honey bee couplet \"Nine bean rows will I have there, a hive for the honey bee, / And live alone in the bee loud glade\", while he was living in Bedford Park, London. Lafcadio Hearn wrote in his 1901 book \"A Japanese Miscellany\" that Japanese poets had created dragonfly \"haiku\" \"almost as numerous as are the dragonflies themselves in the early autumn.\" The poet Matsuo Bashō (1644–1694) wrote \"haiku\" such as \"Crimson pepper pod / add two pairs of wings, and look / darting dragonfly\", relating the autumn season","title":"Insects in literature"},{"id":"2950660","text":"Nevertheless, Saikaku's work is now celebrated for its significance in the development of Japanese fiction. Ihara Saikaku Born as Hirayama Tōgo (平山藤五), the son of a wealthy merchant in Osaka, he first studied haikai poetry under Matsunaga Teitoku and later studied under Nishiyama Sōin of the Danrin school of poetry, which emphasized comic linked verse. Scholars have described numerous extraordinary feats of solo haikai composition at one sitting; most famously, over the course of a single day and night in 1677, Saikaku is reported to have composed at least 16,000 haikai stanzas, with some sources placing the number at over","title":"Ihara Saikaku"},{"id":"3375846","text":"poetry: The largest anthology of haiku in Japanese is the 12-volume Bunruihaiku-zenshū (Classified Collection of Haiku) compiled by Masaoka Shiki, completed after his death, which collected haiku by seasonal theme and sub-theme. It includes work dating back to the 15th century. The largest collection of haiku translated into English on any single subject is \"Cherry Blossom Epiphany\" by Robin D. Gill, which contains some 3,000 Japanese haiku on the subject of the cherry blossom.< Gill, Robin D. \"Cherry Blossom Epiphany\", Paraverse Press, 2007 > H. Mack Horton's translation of the 16th-century \"Journal of Sōchō\", by a pre-eminent renga poet of","title":"Japanese poetry"},{"id":"9862477","text":"the personal life of a historical personage.” Thematically, many diaries lay heavy emphasis on time and poetry. The Heian period ushered a revival of Japanese classical poetry, waka, and native vernacular writing, kana. Waka, traditional Japanese thirty-one syllable poetry, was used for purposes ranging from official proclamations and poetry contests to private matters of courtship, and became crucial to success in the life of the aristocracy. Due to the importance of waka in communication, imperial waka anthologies such as the \"Kokinshū\" were compiled as poetic standards. Nikki bungaku grew out of waka's rise in popularity. It has even been speculated","title":"Poetic diary"},{"id":"5008098","text":"description of Japan as the \"Land of the Rising Sun\". \"Nichi\", in compounds, often loses the final \"chi\" and creates a slight pause between the first and second syllables of the compound. When romanised, this pause is represented by a doubling of the first consonant of the second syllable; thus \"nichi\" plus \"kō\" (light) is written and pronounced \"nikkō\", meaning sunlight. Japanese and were historically pronounced \"niti\" (or \"jitu\", reflecting a Late Middle Chinese pronunciation) and \"pon\", respectively. In compounds, however, final voiceless stops (i.e. \"p\", \"t\", \"k\") of the first word were unreleased in Middle Chinese, and the pronunciation","title":"Names of Japan"},{"id":"20913764","text":"and are written in five free lines. As of 2018 at least five Gogyohka magazines existed: \"Gogyohka\", \"Hamakaze\", \"Minami no kaze\", \"Sai\"and \"Kojimachi club\". Five rules of Gogyohka by Enta Kusakabe (1983). Gogyōka Gogyohka（五行歌） is a five-line, untitled, Japanese poetic form. Unlike tanka (57577 syllables), Gogyohka has no restrictions on length. Poets such as Kenji Miyazawa, Jun Ishiwara, Yūgure Maeda, Hakushu Kitahara, Toson Yashiro and Shinobu Orikuchi have written five-line poetry as free-style tankas since the Taishō period around the 1910s. However, they did not name the form. In 1983, Enta Kusakabe named it Gogyohka (五行歌) and for the first","title":"Gogyōka"},{"id":"2787930","text":"four seasons (and modern saijiki usually include a section for the \"New Year\" and another for seasonless (\"muki\") words). Those sections are divided into a standard set of categories, and then the kigo are sorted within their proper category. The most common categories (with some examples of Japanese summer kigo) are: Summer Although haiku are often thought of as poems about nature, two of the seven categories are primarily about human activities (Humanity and Observances). Japan is long from north to south, so the seasonal features vary from place to place. The sense of season in kigo is based on","title":"Kigo"},{"id":"1570681","text":"published with a commentary by Prime Minister Kijūrō Shidehara that dwelt exclusively on the prior existence of democracy in the Meiji Era and did not make even passing reference to the emperor's \"renunciation of divinity\". This rescript is said to have been drafted by Reginald Horace Blyth and Harold Gould Henderson, who also contributed to the popularisation of Zen and the poetic form of haiku outside Japan. Humanity Declaration The is an imperial rescript issued by the Emperor Shōwa (Hirohito) as part of a New Year's statement on 1 January 1946 at the request of the Supreme Commander of the","title":"Humanity Declaration"},{"id":"164922","text":"composition. Shiki's revisionism dealt a severe blow to renku and surviving haikai schools. The term \"hokku\" is now used chiefly in its original sense of the opening verse of a renku, and rarely to distinguish haiku written before Shiki's time. Haibun is a combination of prose and haiku, often autobiographical or written in the form of a travel journal. Haiga is a style of Japanese painting based on the aesthetics of haikai, and usually including a haiku. Today, haiga artists combine haiku with paintings, photographs and other art. The carving of famous haiku on natural stone to make poem monuments","title":"Haiku"},{"id":"1421322","text":"of feet, where a foot consists of two moras. A mora is the unit of which a light syllable contains one and a heavy syllable two. For example, the stems that may be derived from \"Tarō\" are /taro/, consisting of two light syllables, and /taa/, consisting of a single syllable with a long vowel, resulting in \"Taro-chan\" and \"Tā-chan\". The stems that may be derived from \"Hanako\" are /hana/, with two light syllables, /han/, with one syllable closed by a consonant, and /haa/, with one syllable with a long vowel, resulting in \"Hanachan\", \"Hanchan\", and \"Hāchan\". The segmental content is","title":"Japanese name"},{"id":"910026","text":"Matsuo Bashō , born , then , was the most famous poet of the Edo period in Japan. During his lifetime, Bashō was recognized for his works in the collaborative \"haikai no renga\" form; today, after centuries of commentary, he is recognized as the greatest master of haiku (then called hokku). Matsuo Bashō's poetry is internationally renowned; and, in Japan, many of his poems are reproduced on monuments and traditional sites. Although Bashō is justifiably famous in the West for his hokku, he himself believed his best work lay in leading and participating in renku. He is quoted as saying,","title":"Matsuo Bashō"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"id\": \"1310310\",\n \"text\": \"happiness all around. The amount of money given depends on the age of the child but is usually the same if there is more than one child so that no one feels slighted. It is not uncommon for amounts greater than ¥5,000 (approximately US$50) to be given. The New Year traditions are also a part of Japanese poetry, including haiku (poems with 17 syllables, in three lines of five, seven and five) and renga (linked poetry). All of the traditions above would be appropriate to include in haiku as \\\"kigo\\\" (season words). There are also haiku that celebrate many of\",\n \"title\": \"Japanese New Year\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"164911\",\n \"text\": \"the 5-7-5 pattern. Although the word \\\"\\\"on\\\"\\\" is sometimes translated as \\\"syllable\\\", one \\\"on\\\" is counted for a short syllable, two for an elongated vowel or doubled consonant, and one for an \\\"n\\\" at the end of a syllable. Thus, the word \\\"haibun\\\", though counted as two syllables in English, is counted as four \\\"on\\\" in Japanese (ha-i-bu-n); and the word \\\"\\\"on\\\"\\\" itself, which English-speakers would view as a single syllable, comprises two \\\"on\\\": the short vowel o and the . This is illustrated by the Issa haiku below, which contains 17 \\\"on\\\" but only 15 syllables. Conversely, some sounds,\",\n \"title\": \"Haiku\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"164912\",\n \"text\": \"such as \\\"kyo\\\" () may look like two syllables to English speakers but are in fact a single \\\"on\\\" (as well as a single syllable) in Japanese. In 1973, the Haiku Society of America noted that the norm for writers of haiku in English was to use 17 syllables, but they also noted a trend toward shorter haiku. Shorter haiku are very much more common in 21st century English haiku writing. Some translators of Japanese poetry have noted that about 12 syllables in English approximate the duration of 17 Japanese \\\"on\\\". Also in translations four lines is more appropriate for\",\n \"title\": \"Haiku\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"164930\",\n \"text\": \"the 17 \\\"on\\\" of a traditional Japanese haiku. Because the normal modes of English poetry depend on accentual meter rather than on syllabics, Henderson chose to emphasize the order of events and images in the originals. Nevertheless, many of Henderson's translations were in the five-seven-five pattern. The first haiku written in English was arguably by Ezra Pound, \\\"In a Station of the Metro\\\", published in 1913. Since then, the haiku has become a fairly popular form among English-speaking poets. English haiku can follow the traditional Japanese rules, but are frequently less strict, particularly concerning the number of syllables and subject\",\n \"title\": \"Haiku\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12232126\",\n \"text\": \"with the one-line vertical column in which Japanese haiku are often printed, was lent legitimacy principally by three people: The single-line haiku usually contains fewer than seventeen syllables. A caesura (pause) may be appropriate, dictated by sense or speech rhythm (following the traditional Japanese tradition of a break, marked by the Kireji), and usually little or no punctuation. This form was used by John Wills and, more recently, has been practiced by poets such as M. Kettner, Janice Bostok, Jim Kacian, Chris Gordon, Scott Metz, Stuart Quine, John Barlow, and many others. As the last two examples in particular illustrate,\",\n \"title\": \"Haiku in English\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3195079\",\n \"text\": \"waka. Sometimes they are written in the three-line, seventeen-syllable haiku form, although the most common type of death poem (called a \\\"jisei\\\" 辞世) is in the waka form called the tanka (also called a \\\"jisei-ei\\\" 辞世詠) which consists of five lines totaling 31 syllables (5-7-5-7-7)—a form that constitutes over half of surviving death poems.(Ogiu, 317-318). Poetry has long been a core part of Japanese tradition. Death poems are typically graceful, natural, and emotionally neutral, in accordance with the teachings of Buddhism and Shinto. Excepting the earliest works of this tradition, it has been considered inappropriate to mention death explicitly; rather,\",\n \"title\": \"Death poem\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12119814\",\n \"text\": \"Kireji Classical renga developed a tradition of 18 kireji, which were adopted by haikai, thence used for both renku and haiku, the most common of which are listed below: Hokku and haiku consist of 17 Japanese syllables, or on (a phonetic unit identical to the mora), in three metrical phrases of 5, 7, and 5 on respectively. A kireji is typically positioned at the end of one of these three phrases. When it is placed at the end of the final phrase (i.e. the end of the verse), the kireji draws the reader back to the beginning, initiating a circular\",\n \"title\": \"Kireji\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8347925\",\n \"text\": \"build from stone, but the jungles and forests might overgrow the buildings, as in Angkor Wat. Early-Modern Japanese literature (17th–19th centuries) developed innovations such as haiku, a form of Japanese poetry that evolved from the ancient \\\"hokku\\\" (Japanese language: 発句) mode. Haiku consists of three lines: the first and third lines each have five \\\"morae\\\" (the rough phonological equivalent of syllables), while the second has seven. Original haiku masters included such figures as Edo period poet Matsuo Bashō (松尾芭蕉); others influenced by Bashō include Kobayashi Issa and Masaoka Shiki. In Punjab, India, bhangra is popular. In all countries in Southeast\",\n \"title\": \"Arts by region\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4917958\",\n \"text\": \"the form of a novel. Early-Modern Japanese literature (17th–19th centuries) developed comparable innovations such as haiku, a form of Japanese poetry that evolved from the ancient \\\"hokku\\\" (Japanese language: 発句) mode. Haiku consists of three lines: the first and third lines each have five \\\"morae\\\" (the rough phonological equivalent of syllables), while the second has seven. Original haiku masters included such figures as Edo period poet Matsuo Bashō (松尾芭蕉); others influenced by Bashō include Kobayashi Issa and Masaoka Shiki. Korean literature begins in the Three Kingdoms Period, and continues through the Goryeo and Joseon dynasties to the modern day. Examples\",\n \"title\": \"Culture of Asia\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12119817\",\n \"text\": \"in translations of such verses into this language, kireji may be represented by punctuation (typically by a dash or an ellipsis), an exclamatory particle (such as 'how...'), or simply left unmarked. The examples below are laid out as follows: Kireji Classical renga developed a tradition of 18 kireji, which were adopted by haikai, thence used for both renku and haiku, the most common of which are listed below: Hokku and haiku consist of 17 Japanese syllables, or on (a phonetic unit identical to the mora), in three metrical phrases of 5, 7, and 5 on respectively. A kireji is typically\",\n \"title\": \"Kireji\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5838005\",\n \"text\": \"5, 7 and 5 moras respectively. Alone among the verses of a poem, the hokku includes a \\\"kireji\\\" or \\\"cutting-word\\\" which appears at the end of one of its three metrical units. Like all of the other stanzas, a Japanese hokku is traditionally written in a single vertical line. Paralleling the development of haiku in English, poets writing renku in English nowadays seldom adhere to a 5-7-5 syllable format for the hokku, or other \\\"chōku\\\" ('long verses'), of their poem. The salutative requirement of the traditional hokku is often disregarded, but the hokku is still typically required to include a\",\n \"title\": \"Hokku\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11806893\",\n \"text\": \"his life. In 1902, he left Kanazawa High Elementary school (equivalent to junior high school today) and started working as a clerk at the Kanazawa Regional Court. His bosses included Haiku-readers such as Kawagoe Bukotsu (河越風骨) and Akakura Kinpu (赤倉錦風) who taught him how to read/compose haiku. After numerous applications to local newspapers, his haiku was first published on October 8, 1904 in Hokkoku Shimbun. Then he used pseudonym of \\\"Terifumi\\\" (照文). Eventually, he also started writing poems and tanka (a Japanese poem of thirty‐one syllables). He started to use his pen name - Saisei - in 1906. The name\",\n \"title\": \"Murō Saisei\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"164910\",\n \"text\": \"a phrase in the remaining 12 \\\"on\\\" (it may not be apparent from the English translation of the Issa that the first five \\\"on\\\" mean \\\"Edo's rain\\\"). In comparison with English verse typically characterized by syllabic meter, Japanese verse counts sound units known as \\\"\\\"on\\\"\\\" or morae. Traditional haiku consist of 17 \\\"on\\\", in three phrases of five, seven and five \\\"on\\\" respectively. Among contemporary poems \\\"teikei\\\" ( fixed form) haiku continue to use the 5-7-5 pattern while \\\"jiyuritsu\\\" ( free form) haiku do not. One of the examples below illustrates that traditional haiku masters were not always constrained by\",\n \"title\": \"Haiku\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6814456\",\n \"text\": \"Asian literature Asian literature is the literature produced in Asia. In Tang and Song dynasty China, famous poets such as Li Bai authored works of great importance. They wrote \\\"shī\\\" (Classical Chinese: 詩) poems, which have lines with equal numbers of characters, as well as \\\"cí\\\" (詞) poems with mixed line varieties. Early-Modern Japanese literature (17th–19th centuries) developed comparable innovations such as haiku, a form of Japanese poetry that evolved from the ancient \\\"hokku\\\" (Japanese language: 発句) mode. Haiku consists of three lines: the first and third lines each have five \\\"morae\\\" (the rough phonological equivalent of syllables), while the\",\n \"title\": \"Asian literature\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"307513\",\n \"text\": \"Japanese formal poetry (which was generally referred to as \\\"waka\\\"), and was used more heavily to explore personal rather than public themes. By the tenth century, tanka had become the dominant form of Japanese poetry, to the point where the originally general term \\\"waka\\\" (\\\"Japanese poetry\\\") came to be used exclusively for tanka. Tanka are still widely written today. Haiku is a popular form of unrhymed Japanese poetry, which evolved in the 17th century from the \\\"hokku\\\", or opening verse of a renku. Generally written in a single vertical line, the haiku contains three sections totalling 17 \\\"onji\\\", structured in\",\n \"title\": \"Poetry\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19527786\",\n \"text\": \"in Geneva in April 1929, Delage took care to specify: \\\"the author requests these seven short pieces not be interrupted; the tonal sequence is intentional\\\". \\\"Haï-kaï\\\" is a French rendering of the Japanese word (, \\\"comic, unorthodox\\\") referring to a genre of Japanese poetry generally tinged with humour. It evolved in the 16th century from the tanka, a poetic form of 31 syllables in five lines in a scheme of 5-7-5-7-7 syllables. The \\\"tanka\\\" appeared in the Imperial Court at the end of the Nara period in the late 8th century and enjoyed a golden age during the Heian period\",\n \"title\": \"Sept haï-kaïs\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1607053\",\n \"text\": \"moraic system of writing. For example, in the two-syllable word \\\"mōra\\\", the \\\"ō\\\" is a long vowel and counts as two morae. The word is written in three symbols, モーラ, corresponding here to , each containing one mora. Such scholars also argue that the 5/7/5 pattern of the haiku in modern Japanese is of morae rather than syllables. The Japanese syllable-final \\\"n\\\" is also said to be moraic, as is the first part of a geminate consonant. For example, the Japanese name for \\\"Japan\\\", 日本, has two different pronunciations, one with three morae (\\\"Nihon\\\") and one with four (\\\"Nippon\\\"). In\",\n \"title\": \"Mora (linguistics)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9542635\",\n \"text\": \"transliterated into hiragana. In cases where a hiragana is represented by a pair of symbols each pair (or \\\"digraph\\\" e.g. \\\"kyo\\\" (きょ)) equates to a single \\\"on\\\". When viewed this way, the term \\\"\\\"ji\\\"\\\" (\\\"character\\\") is used in Japanese. In English-language discussions of Japanese poetry, the more familiar word \\\"syllable\\\" is sometimes used. Although the use of \\\"syllable\\\" is inaccurate, it often happens that the syllable count and the \\\"on\\\" count match in Japanese-language haiku. The disjunction between syllables and \\\"on\\\" becomes clearer when counting sounds in English-language versions of Japanese poetic forms, such as haiku in English. An English\",\n \"title\": \"On (Japanese prosody)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11579723\",\n \"text\": \"Haiku in English being as popular as with its Japanese audience. In Yasuda's haiku theory the intent of the haiku is contained in the concept of a \\\"haiku moment,\\\" 'that moment of absolute intensity when the poet's grasp of his intuition is complete so that the image lives its own life', (seventeen syllables corresponding to that 'moment', divided into three lines within 'one breath length' ). This notion of the haiku moment has been defined as 'an aesthetic moment' a timeless feeling of enlightened harmony as a poet's nature and environment are unified'The passing momentary experience that comes alive through\",\n \"title\": \"Kenneth Yasuda\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11579722\",\n \"text\": \"Knopf, 1947). In \\\"The Japanese Haiku\\\", Yasuda presented some Japanese critical theory about haiku, especially featuring comments by early twentieth-century poets and critics. Yasuda's translations apply a 5–7–5 syllable count in English, with the first and third lines end-rhymed.(Yasuda observed that although rhyme, as understood in English, does not exist in the original Japanese, in translations thereof into English they should use all the poetic resources of the language). In the same book, Yasuda contended that 'the underlying aesthetic principles that govern the arts are the same for any form in Japanese or English' and would ensure the possibilities of\",\n \"title\": \"Kenneth Yasuda\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3375835\",\n \"text\": \"noted proponent. Related to \\\"hokku\\\" formally, it was generically different. In the late Edo period, a master of haikai, Karai Senryū made an anthology. His style became known as senryū, after his pseudonym. Senryū is a style of satirical poetry whose motifs are taken from daily life in 5–7–5 syllables. Anthologies of senryū in the Edo period collect many 'maeku' or senryū made by ordinary amateur senryū poets adding in front of the latter 7–7 part written by a master. It was a sort of poetry contest and the well written senryū by amateurs were awarded by the master and\",\n \"title\": \"Japanese poetry\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3157326\",\n \"text\": \"Nadera, and quoted them as saying “Poesia muy alta en tagalo, compuesta de siete silabas, y cuatro versos, llena de metafora.” (16th century) (\\\"Poetry is quite high in Tagalog, composed of seven syllables, and four verses, full of metaphor.\\\") Like the Japanese haiku, Tanagas traditionally do not have any titles. They are poetic forms that should speak for themselves. Most are handed down by oral history, and contain proverbial forms, moral lessons, and snippets of a code of ethics. A poetic form similar to the tanaga is the ambahan. Unlike the ambahan whose length is indefinite, the tanaga is a\",\n \"title\": \"Tanaga\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15008102\",\n \"text\": \"Dennis Lindley, who later befriended Ziliak in correspondence over W.S. Gosset and R.A. Fisher. Ziliak was a lead author on the twenty-four statistician team which crafted in 2015-2016 the historic \\\"American Statistical Association Statement on Statistical Significance and P-Values,\\\" edited by Ronald Wasserstein and Nicole Lazar. In 2001, while teaching at Georgia Tech, Ziliak rediscovered his appreciation for haiku poetry. Haiku are short lyric verse with a budget constraint, conventionally arranged in three lines of 17 sounds (5-7-and-5). He had learned about the medieval Japanese art form back in the 1980s, from a friend in Indianapolis who happened to be\",\n \"title\": \"Stephen Ziliak\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3375839\",\n \"text\": \"single form of poetry. Haiku derives from the earlier hokku. The name was given by Masaoka Shiki (pen-name of Masaoka Noboru, October 14, 1867 – September 19, 1902). Tanka is a name for and a type of poem found in the Heian era poetry anthology \\\"Man'yōshū\\\". The name was given new life by Masaoka Shiki (pen-name of Masaoka Noboru, October 14, 1867 – September 19, 1902). Japanese Contemporary Poetry consists of poetic verses of today, mainly after the 1900s. It includes vast styles and genres of prose including experimental, sensual, dramatic, erotic, and many contemporary poets today are female. Japanese\",\n \"title\": \"Japanese poetry\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9542638\",\n \"text\": \"or \\\"queue\\\" is perceived as a single syllable by English speakers). In \\\"Nippon\\\" the doubled \\\"P\\\" each is pronounced separately; the final \\\"N\\\" is also a separate hiragana, so the two English syllables translate to four \\\"on\\\". On (Japanese prosody) The term On (rarely \\\"Onji\\\") refers to counting phonetic sounds in Japanese poetry. In the Japanese language, the word \\\"\\\"on\\\"\\\" (音) means \\\"sound\\\". It is used to mean the phonetic units counted in haiku, tanka, and other such poetic forms. Known as \\\"morae\\\" to English-speaking linguists, the modern Japanese term for the linguistic concept is either \\\"haku\\\" () or \\\"mōra\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"On (Japanese prosody)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"164914\",\n \"text\": \"in non-Japanese haiku or by modern writers of Japanese \\\"free-form\\\" haiku. The best-known Japanese haiku is Bashō's \\\"old pond\\\": This separates into \\\"on\\\" as: Translated: Another haiku by Bashō: This separates into \\\"on\\\" as: Translated: This haiku by Bashō illustrates that he was not always constrained to a 5-7-5 \\\"on\\\" pattern. It contains 18 \\\"on\\\" in the pattern 6-7-5 (\\\"ō\\\" or is treated as two \\\"on\\\".) This separates into \\\"on\\\" as: Translated: This haiku by Issa illustrates that 17 Japanese \\\"on\\\" do not always equate to 17 English syllables (\\\"nan\\\" counts as two \\\"on\\\" and \\\"nonda\\\" as three.) This separates\",\n \"title\": \"Haiku\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19446589\",\n \"text\": \"from the structure of haiku, a Japanese style of poetry which comprises a 5-syllable line, a 7-syllable line, and then another 5-syllable line. Upon its release, the track garnered positive reviews from music critics, who praised the song’s composition and the rap delivery. Due to the song being released digitally and as a B-side to \\\"Voice\\\", it was ruled ineligible to chart on Japan’s Oricon Singles Chart. However, it peaked at number 73 on \\\"Billboard\\\"'s Japan Hot 100 chart, and number four on the RIAJ Digital Track Chart. It was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of Japan (RIAJ)\",\n \"title\": \"575 (song)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"164936\",\n \"text\": \"South Asia, some other poets also write Haiku from time to time, most notably including the Pakistani poet Omer Tarin, who is also active in the movement for global nuclear disarmament and some of his 'Hiroshima Haiku' have been read at various peace conferences in Japan and the UK. Haiku In Japanese, haiku are traditionally printed in a single vertical line while haiku in English often appear in three lines to parallel the three phrases of Japanese haiku. Previously called \\\"hokku\\\", haiku was given its current name by the Japanese writer Masaoka Shiki at the end of the 19th century.\",\n \"title\": \"Haiku\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2787933\",\n \"text\": \"modern haiku poets have had to reconsider the construction of kigo and their attribution to the seasons. One of the biggest changes to the local tradition is the creation of the lunar New Year as a seasonal section for kigo. Haiku started as a form of Japanese poetry and is now written in many different languages around the world. William J. Higginson's \\\"Haiku World\\\" (1996), which is the first international \\\"saijiki\\\", contains more than 1,000 poems, by over 600 poets from 50 countries writing in 25 languages. The writing of haiku around the world has increased with the advent of\",\n \"title\": \"Kigo\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5802293\",\n \"text\": \"of the formats most commonly used in writing renku Renku , or , is a Japanese form of popular collaborative linked verse poetry. It is a development of the older Japanese poetic tradition of \\\"ushin\\\" renga, or orthodox collaborative linked verse. At renku gatherings participating poets take turns providing alternating verses of 17 and 14 morae. Initially \\\"haikai no renga\\\" distinguished itself through vulgarity and coarseness of wit, before growing into a legitimate artistic tradition, and eventually giving birth to the haiku form of Japanese poetry. The term \\\"renku\\\" gained currency after 1904, when Kyoshi Takahama started to use it.\",\n \"title\": \"Renku\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"164927\",\n \"text\": \"stimulated the writing of haiku in English. The Japanese-American scholar and translator Kenneth Yasuda published \\\"The Japanese Haiku: Its Essential Nature, History, and Possibilities in English, with Selected Examples\\\" in 1957. The book includes both translations from Japanese and original poems of his own in English, which had previously appeared in his book titled \\\"A Pepper-Pod: Classic Japanese Poems together with Original Haiku\\\". In these books Yasuda presented a critical theory about haiku, to which he added comments on haiku poetry by early 20th-century poets and critics. His translations apply a 5–7–5 syllable count in English, with the first and\",\n \"title\": \"Haiku\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3375798\",\n \"text\": \"are a short, 3-line verse form, which have achieved significant global popularity, and the haiku form has been adapted from Japanese into other languages. Typical of the haiku form is the metrical pattern of 3 lines with a distribution of 5, 7, and 5 \\\"on\\\" (also known as morae) within those lines. Other features include the juxtaposition of two images or ideas with a \\\"kireji\\\" (\\\"cutting word\\\") between them, and a \\\"kigo\\\", or seasonal reference, usually drawn from a \\\"saijiki\\\", or traditional list of such words. Much of Japanese poetry has been transmitted historically through published anthologies, many of them\",\n \"title\": \"Japanese poetry\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15997378\",\n \"text\": \"following the weekly lecture. In 1965, Derby tape-recorded and transcribed Suzuki's morning lectures. From 1968, Trudy Dixon edited the lectures into a book, \\\"Zen Mind, Beginner's Mind\\\", published in 1971. In 1966, the garage was converted to a meditation hall in the style of Sōtō Zen temples in Japan, to Suzuki's design. Construction, by Sangha members, began in June, 1966. \\\"Haiku Zendo\\\", named for its seventeen cushions that matched the number of syllables in a haiku poem, was officially opened on August 4, 1966. In 1970, Kobun Chino-sensei became Haiku Zendo's resident teacher. In 1979, the Sangha bought a small\",\n \"title\": \"Kannon Do Zen Meditation Center\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12232116\",\n \"text\": \"popular in English-language schools as a way to encourage the appreciation and writing of poetry. \\\"Haiku\\\" is a term sometimes loosely applied to any short, impressionistic poem, but there are certain characteristics that are commonly associated with the genre: Some additional traits are especially associated with English-language haiku (as opposed to Japanese-language haiku): Arguably, the first successful haiku in English was \\\"In a Station of the Metro\\\" by Ezra Pound, published in 1913. During the Imagist period, a number of mainstream poets, including Pound, wrote what they called \\\"hokku\\\", usually in a five-six-four syllable pattern. American poet Amy Lowell published\",\n \"title\": \"Haiku in English\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5529266\",\n \"text\": \"for a series of iconic camera designs for Eastman Kodak. Adelaide Crapsey's her papers are at the University of Rochester Library archives. In the years before her death, she wrote much of the verse on which her reputation rests. Her interest in rhythm and meter led her to create a unique variation on the cinquain (or quintain), a 5-line form of 22 syllables influenced by the Japanese haiku and tanka. Her five-line cinquain (now styled as an American cinquain) has a generally iambic meter defined as \\\"one-stress, two-stress, three-stress, four-stress and suddenly back to one-stress\\\" and normally consists of 2\",\n \"title\": \"Adelaide Crapsey\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"164907\",\n \"text\": \"Haiku In Japanese, haiku are traditionally printed in a single vertical line while haiku in English often appear in three lines to parallel the three phrases of Japanese haiku. Previously called \\\"hokku\\\", haiku was given its current name by the Japanese writer Masaoka Shiki at the end of the 19th century. In Japanese haiku a \\\"kireji\\\", or cutting word, typically appears at the end of one of the verse's three phrases. A \\\"kireji\\\" fills a role somewhat analogous to a \\\"caesura\\\" in classical western poetry or to a volta in sonnets. Depending on which cutting word is chosen, and its\",\n \"title\": \"Haiku\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5137383\",\n \"text\": \"the Ofudesaki has been translated into a number of languages. A trial translation was published in series in the journal \\\"Fukugen\\\" from 1946–7. The first edition English translation was published in 1971, and the sixth edition (the most recent as of 2017) was published in 1993. A volume containing the English (sixth edition), Japanese, and romanization (2nd edition) was published in 1998. The verses of the Ofudesaki are generally in a traditional poetic style known as \\\"waka\\\". A \\\"waka\\\" poem contains thirty-one syllables and is subdivided into two lines. The Ofudesaki is mostly written in a Japanese phonetic syllabary (a\",\n \"title\": \"Ofudesaki\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1881566\",\n \"text\": \"from those imported from China; within the umbrella of \\\"waka\\\" poetry, one of the more popular forms is known as . It consists of a total of 31 Japanese syllables (morae) divided over five lines, in the syllabic pattern 5/7/5/7/7. Asuka period The was a period in the history of Japan lasting from 538 to 710 (or 592 to 645), although its beginning could be said to overlap with the preceding Kofun period. The Yamato polity evolved greatly during the Asuka period, which is named after the Asuka region, about 25 km south of the modern city of Nara. The\",\n \"title\": \"Asuka period\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5802289\",\n \"text\": \"Renku , or , is a Japanese form of popular collaborative linked verse poetry. It is a development of the older Japanese poetic tradition of \\\"ushin\\\" renga, or orthodox collaborative linked verse. At renku gatherings participating poets take turns providing alternating verses of 17 and 14 morae. Initially \\\"haikai no renga\\\" distinguished itself through vulgarity and coarseness of wit, before growing into a legitimate artistic tradition, and eventually giving birth to the haiku form of Japanese poetry. The term \\\"renku\\\" gained currency after 1904, when Kyoshi Takahama started to use it. The oldest known collection of haikai linked verse appears\",\n \"title\": \"Renku\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15345786\",\n \"text\": \"to Tokyo to study Edo period Japanese literature. In 1895, he enrolled in the Tōkyō Senmon Gakkō (present-day Waseda University), but soon left the university for a job as an editor and literary criticism for the literary magazine \\\"Nihonjin\\\". While working, he also submitted variants on haiku poetry, experimenting with irregular numbers of syllables. He married in 1897. In 1898, Kyoshi came to manage the haiku magazine \\\"Hototogisu,\\\" which had been previously edited by Shiki, and moved the headquarters of the magazine from Matsuyama to Tokyo. In \\\"Hototogisu\\\", he kept with the traditional style of haiku, as opposed to the\",\n \"title\": \"Kyoshi Takahama\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11028252\",\n \"text\": \"turning point in Japanese warfare; many cite it as the first \\\"modern\\\" Japanese battle. Yonekura Shigetsugu rushed the Takeda flank singlehandedly before he was killed by gunfire. His corpse was later impaled on a pike by Nobunaga's forces. (see Battles of Kawanakajima) Following the battle, Nobunaga continued henceforth until he had effectively established control over all of Japan. Yonekura's death poem is often performed in Noh plays to this day, and is a prime example of the Haiku form in death poems. While death poems did not adopt any prescribed form as far as syllables, tone, and length were concerned\",\n \"title\": \"Yonekura Shigetsugu\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3375792\",\n \"text\": \"important Edo period (1603 and 1867, also known as \\\"Tokugawa\\\") and modern times; however, the history of poetry often is different than socio-political history. Since the middle of the 19th century, the major forms of Japanese poetry have been \\\"tanka\\\" (the modern name for \\\"waka\\\"), \\\"haiku\\\" and \\\"shi\\\" or western-style poetry. Today, the main forms of Japanese poetry include both experimental poetry and poetry that seeks to revive traditional ways. Poets writing in tanka, haiku and shi may seldom write poetry other than in their specific chosen form, although some active poets are eager to collaborate with poets in other\",\n \"title\": \"Japanese poetry\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2217748\",\n \"text\": \"a school essay, \\\"Yōken Setsu\\\" (\\\"On Western Dogs\\\"), where he praises the varied utility of western dogs as opposed to Japanese ones, which \\\"only help in hunting and scare away burglars.\\\") Contemporary to Shiki was the idea that traditional Japanese poetic short forms, such as the haiku and \\\"tanka\\\", were waning due to their incongruity in the modern Meiji period. Shiki, at times, expressed similar sentiments. There were no great living practitioners although these forms of poetry retained some popularity. Despite an atmosphere of decline, only a year or so after his 1883 arrival in Tokyo, Shiki began writing haiku.\",\n \"title\": \"Masaoka Shiki\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2417274\",\n \"text\": \"the greatest \\\"haikai\\\" poet. The most favored form of \\\"renga\\\" in the Edo period was the , a chain consisting of 36 verses. As a rule, \\\"kasen\\\" must refer to flowers (usually cherry blossoms) twice, and three times to the moon. These references are termed and . The first stanza of the \\\"renga\\\" chain, the \\\"hokku\\\", is the forebear of the modern haiku. The stand-alone hokku was renamed haiku in the Meiji period by the great Japanese poet and critic Masaoka Shiki. Shiki proposed \\\"haiku\\\" as an abbreviation of the phrase \\\"\\\"haikai no ku\\\"\\\" meaning a verse of \\\"haikai\\\". For\",\n \"title\": \"Renga\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"412812\",\n \"text\": \"Tanka Originally, in the time of the \\\"Man'yōshū\\\" (latter half of the eighth century AD), the term \\\"tanka\\\" was used to distinguish \\\"short poems\\\" from the longer . In the ninth and tenth centuries, however, notably with the compilation of the \\\"Kokinshū\\\", the short poem became the dominant form of poetry in Japan, and the originally general word \\\"waka\\\" became the standard name for this form. Japanese poet and critic Masaoka Shiki revived the term \\\"tanka\\\" in the early twentieth century for his statement that \\\"waka should be renewed and modernized\\\". \\\"Haiku\\\" is also a term of his invention, used\",\n \"title\": \"Tanka\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12739359\",\n \"text\": \"1960s. Upon return to the US he completed his undergraduate studies, obtaining a BA in English at Southern Connecticut State College in 1969. He edited \\\"Haiku Magazine\\\" from 1971 to 1976, and ran the literary \\\"From Here Press\\\", which published titles by several well-known authors, including Allen Ginsberg, Elizabeth Searle Lamb, and Ruth Stone. Higginson's experience in Japan led him to conclude \\\"the 17 sound structure of Japanese haiku did not translate into 17 syllables in English\\\" and in his translations therefrom stressed more upon \\\"the order of images, the grammar between them (or lack thereof) and the psychological effect\",\n \"title\": \"William J. Higginson\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4245248\",\n \"text\": \"renaissance so that in Middle Scots diction the 15th and 16th century Makars achieved a rich and varied blend of characteristically Germanic Anglic features with newer Latinate and aureate language and principles. In Japanese poetry, the rules for writing traditional haiku require that each poem include a reference to a specific season. For the renga linked-verse form from which haiku derived, the rules specify that certain stanzas should have seasonal references. In both cases, such references are achieved by inclusion of a kigo (season word). Japanese poets regularly use a \\\"Saijiki\\\", a kigo dictionary that contains lists of season words,\",\n \"title\": \"Poetic diction\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12232115\",\n \"text\": \"Haiku in English A haiku in English is a very short poem in the English language, following to a greater or lesser extent the form and style of the Japanese haiku. A typical haiku is a three-line observation about a fleeting moment involving nature. The first haiku written in English date from the early 20th century, influenced by English translations of traditional Japanese haiku, and the form has grown in popularity ever since. Many well-known English-language poets have written some haiku, though—perhaps because of their brevity—they are not often considered an important part of their work. Haiku has also proven\",\n \"title\": \"Haiku in English\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10469365\",\n \"text\": \"States and set up his own publishing company to produce a long sequence of books that endeavour to travel over, in thematic sequences, the highways and byways of Japanese poetry. Gill's work focuses on kigo or seasonal keyword thematics in traditional Japanese poetry, ranging widely over haiku, senryū, waka and (狂歌:crazy poems), concentrating in each successive book on sub-themes, with the poems arranged in thematic chains. Characteristically, he provides the original Japanese text, with romanized transliteration, a word-for-word literal gloss, and then multiple versions (what he calls by his portmanteau neologism, \\\"paraverse\\\", though the method was used by Hiroaki Sato.\",\n \"title\": \"Robin D. Gill\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6108144\",\n \"text\": \"Roy Arad Roy \\\"Chicky\\\" Arad (Hebrew: רועי \\\"צ'יקי\\\" ארד, born 1977) is an Israeli poet, singer, script-writer, artist and political activist. Arad is the editor of Maayan magazine for poetry and a journalist in Haaretz. Arad was born in Beersheba. Arad has published eight books. He formed a style that he called \\\"Kimo\\\" and defined as \\\"a Hebrew adaptation of the Japanese Haiku\\\": it consists of three lines of 10, 7, and 6 syllables. It usually describes one frozen scene that has no movement in it, and in practice, the content of the poems is close to Senryū. As an\",\n \"title\": \"Roy Arad\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6814458\",\n \"text\": \"(Japan, 1994). Yasunari Kawabata wrote novels and short stories distinguished by their elegant and spartan diction such as the novels Snow Country and The Master of Go. Asian literature Asian literature is the literature produced in Asia. In Tang and Song dynasty China, famous poets such as Li Bai authored works of great importance. They wrote \\\"shī\\\" (Classical Chinese: 詩) poems, which have lines with equal numbers of characters, as well as \\\"cí\\\" (詞) poems with mixed line varieties. Early-Modern Japanese literature (17th–19th centuries) developed comparable innovations such as haiku, a form of Japanese poetry that evolved from the ancient\",\n \"title\": \"Asian literature\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8496595\",\n \"text\": \"poet. There are extant over 1,500 of Enku's Japanese poems in two collections along with a few more written on the back of statues. One collection of 100 poems is called, \\\"Kesa Niji Hyaku Shu\\\" (“One Hundred Poems Containing the Two Characters Kesa). The other which is much larger is called \\\"Otoko Warashi Uta (“Male Child Songs”). Mostly he wrote waka (also known as “tanka”), an ancient five-line verse form with the syllables running usually, 5-7-5-7-7. Themes include his mountain practice, responses to nature and the seasons, romantic pieces and expressions of joy and bliss (he nicknamed himself Kanki Shamon\",\n \"title\": \"Enkū\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4018552\",\n \"text\": \"Fujiwara no Teika , better-known as Fujiwara no Teika (1162 – September 26, 1241), was a Japanese poet, critic, calligrapher, novelist, anthologist, scribe, and scholar of the late Heian and early Kamakura periods. His influence was enormous, and he is counted as among the greatest of Japanese poets, and perhaps the greatest master of the waka form – an ancient poetic form consisting of five lines with a total of 31 syllables. Teika's critical ideas on composing poetry were extremely influential and studied until as late as the Meiji era. A member of a poetic clan, Teika was born to\",\n \"title\": \"Fujiwara no Teika\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"164909\",\n \"text\": \"even to the point of occasionally end-stopping a phrase with a . However, renku typically employ \\\"kireji\\\". In English, since \\\"kireji\\\" have no direct equivalent, poets sometimes use punctuation such as a dash or ellipsis, or an implied break to create a juxtaposition intended to prompt the reader to reflect on the relationship between the two parts. The \\\"kireji\\\" in the Bashō examples \\\"old pond\\\" and \\\"the wind of Mt Fuji\\\" are both \\\"ya\\\" (). Neither the remaining Bashō example nor the Issa example contain a \\\"kireji\\\" although they do both balance a fragment in the first five \\\"on\\\" against\",\n \"title\": \"Haiku\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"307508\",\n \"text\": \"other variations of \\\"shi\\\" poetry, generally either a four line (quatrain, or \\\"jueju\\\") or else an eight line poem is normal; either way with the even numbered lines rhyming. The line length is scanned by according number of characters (according to the convention that one character equals one syllable), and are predominantly either five or seven characters long, with a caesura before the final three syllables. The lines are generally end-stopped, considered as a series of couplets, and exhibit verbal parallelism as a key poetic device. The \\\"old style\\\" verse (\\\"gushi\\\") is less formally strict than the \\\"jintishi\\\", or regulated\",\n \"title\": \"Poetry\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3031181\",\n \"text\": \"in order to recall the digits of pi. However, where sound-based mnemonics use assonance, extra care must be taken to distinguish \\\"nine\\\" and \\\"five,\\\" which contain the same vowel sound. In this example, the author assumes the convention that zero is often called \\\"O.\\\" The piku follows the rules of conventional haiku (three lines of 5, 7 and 5 syllables), but with the added mnemonic trick that each word contains the same number of letters as the numerals of pi, e.g. In 2004, Andrew Huang wrote a song that was a mnemonic for the first fifty digits of pi, titled\",\n \"title\": \"Piphilology\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16861146\",\n \"text\": \"Estonian haiku Estonian haiku () is a short poem in Estonian language which has adopted the form and style of the original Japanese haiku. Estonian haiku was first introduced in 2009. The so-called \\\"Estonian haiku\\\" is shorter than the Japanese one; the syllable count in Japanese haiku is 5+7+5, while Estonian haiku also goes in three lines but only comprises 4+6+4 syllables. Estonian authors claim that this is a distinctively Estonian form. Traditional haiku have been developed in Estonia since 1960s. Andres Ehin (1940–2011) was the most prominent Estonian-language haiku writer of the 20th century; his bilingual English-Estonian collection \\\"Moose\",\n \"title\": \"Estonian haiku\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13804873\",\n \"text\": \"Yamadera Basho Memorial Museum The was established in 1989 as part of the cultural building boom in Yamagata celebrating the 100-year anniversary of the founding of the city. Located about 20 minutes by train (Senzan Line between Yamagata and Sendai) from Yamagata Station, it sits on the south side of the steep river valley facing Yamadera to the north, the historic temple founded in 860 which is one of the area's most beloved sacred sites and top sightseeing destinations. The Museum focuses on the life of Matsuo Bashō (1644–1694) who perfected the art of haiku, the concise 5-7-5 syllable verse\",\n \"title\": \"Yamadera Basho Memorial Museum\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9542634\",\n \"text\": \"Nishi Amane in 1870 as \\\"letter\\\". Since then, the term \\\"onji\\\" has become obsolete in Japan, and only survives in foreign-language discussion of Japanese poetry. Gilbert and Yoneoka call the use of the word \\\"\\\"onji\\\"\\\" \\\"bizarre and mistaken\\\". It was taken up after a 1978 letter to \\\"Frogpond: Journal of the Haiku Society of America\\\" decrying the then-current use of the word \\\"jion\\\", which itself appears to have arisen in error. The normal Japanese term in the context of counting sounds in poetry is \\\"\\\"on\\\"\\\". Counting \\\"on\\\" in Japanese poetry is the same as counting characters when the text is\",\n \"title\": \"On (Japanese prosody)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8685738\",\n \"text\": \"Haikai Haikai (Japanese 俳諧 \\\"comic, unorthodox\\\") may refer in both Japanese and English to \\\"haikai no renga\\\" (renku), a popular genre of Japanese linked verse, which developed in the sixteenth century out of the earlier aristocratic renga. It meant \\\"vulgar\\\" or \\\"earthy\\\", and often derived its effect from satire and puns, though \\\"under the influence of [Matsuo] Bashō (1644–1694) the tone of haikai no renga became more serious\\\". \\\"Haikai\\\" may also refer to other poetic forms that embrace the haikai aesthetic, including haiku and senryū (varieties of one-verse haikai), haiga (haikai art, often accompanied by haiku), and haibun (haiku mixed\",\n \"title\": \"Haikai\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8685733\",\n \"text\": \"Haikai Haikai (Japanese 俳諧 \\\"comic, unorthodox\\\") may refer in both Japanese and English to \\\"haikai no renga\\\" (renku), a popular genre of Japanese linked verse, which developed in the sixteenth century out of the earlier aristocratic renga. It meant \\\"vulgar\\\" or \\\"earthy\\\", and often derived its effect from satire and puns, though \\\"under the influence of [Matsuo] Bashō (1644–1694) the tone of haikai no renga became more serious\\\". \\\"Haikai\\\" may also refer to other poetic forms that embrace the haikai aesthetic, including haiku and senryū (varieties of one-verse haikai), haiga (haikai art, often accompanied by haiku), and haibun (haiku mixed\",\n \"title\": \"Haikai\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16779917\",\n \"text\": \"In the time of the \\\"Man'yōshū\\\" (compiled after 759 AD), the term \\\"tanka\\\" was used to distinguish \\\"short poems\\\" from the longer . In the ninth and tenth centuries, however, notably with the compilation of the \\\"Kokin Wakashū\\\", the short poem became the dominant form of poetry in Japan, and the originally general word became the standard name for this form. Japanese poet and critic Masaoka Shiki revived the term \\\"tanka\\\" in the early twentieth century as part of his tanka modernization project, similar to his revision of the term \\\"haiku\\\". Tanka consist of five units (often treated as separate\",\n \"title\": \"Tanka in English\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20459570\",\n \"text\": \"Shintaishi Shintaishi () is a type of Japanese poetry. It specifically refers to poems written in classical Japanese in non-traditional forms (as opposed to the 5-7-5-7-7 \\\"waka\\\" and the 5-7-5 \\\"haiku\\\") in the Meiji period. Notable practitioners of the form included Yuasa Banketsu and Ochiai Naobumi. It declined in popularity in the first two decades of the twentieth century, in favour of free-form poetry in a more vernacular form of Japanese. \\\"Shintaishi\\\" (literally \\\"new form poetry\\\") has its origins in the Meiji period. It refers to poetry with a fixed form and written in classical Japanese. Early Japanese bilingual dictionaries\",\n \"title\": \"Shintaishi\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3375827\",\n \"text\": \"in or around the 12th century, some new movements of poetry appeared. First a new lyrical form called \\\"imayō\\\" (今様, modern style, a form of \\\"ryūkōka\\\") emerged. \\\"Imayō\\\" consists of four lines in 8–5 (or 7–5) syllables. Usually it was sung to the accompaniment of instrumental music and dancing. Female dancers (\\\"shirabyōshi\\\") danced to the accompaniment of \\\"imayō\\\". Major works were compiled into the \\\"Ryōjin Hishō\\\" (梁塵秘抄) anthology. Although originally women and commoners are thought to be proponents of the genre, Emperor Go-Shirakawa was famed for his mastery of \\\"imayō\\\". Some new trends appeared in \\\"waka\\\". There were two opposite\",\n \"title\": \"Japanese poetry\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"910044\",\n \"text\": \"a time criticizing his poetry was literally blasphemous. In the late 19th century, this period of unanimous passion for Bashō's poems came to an end. Masaoka Shiki, arguably Bashō's most famous critic, tore down the long-standing orthodoxy with his bold and candid objections to Bashō's style. However, Shiki was also instrumental in making Bashō's poetry accessible in English, and to leading intellectuals and the Japanese public at large. He invented the term \\\"haiku\\\" (replacing \\\"hokku\\\") to refer to the freestanding 5-7-5 form which he considered the most artistic and desirable part of the \\\"haikai no renga\\\". Critical interpretation of Bashō's\",\n \"title\": \"Matsuo Bashō\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19717159\",\n \"text\": \"following the war, the anger he carried faded and he began to learn about and appreciate Japanese art and culture, which helped him to better understand the war, and led him to feel compelled to visit. The book is an example of \\\"haibun\\\", a Japanese literary form in which a group of poems form a larger narrative. Caroline Bokinsky notes that here, unlike others in Brautigan's oeuvre, he is a \\\"confessional poet, lost and alone in a strange land, unable to communicate.\\\" Many reviewers commented on a pervasive feeling of loneliness running throughout the text. \\\"Kirkus Reviews\\\" described Brautigan's apparent\",\n \"title\": \"June 30th, June 30th\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"164929\",\n \"text\": \"Anthology of Poems and Poets from Bashô to Shiki\\\" by Harold G. Henderson was published by Doubleday Anchor Books. This book was a revision of Henderson's earlier book titled \\\"The Bamboo Broom\\\" (Houghton Mifflin, 1934). After World War II, Henderson and Blyth worked for the American Occupation in Japan and for the Imperial Household, respectively, and their shared appreciation of haiku helped form a bond between the two. Henderson translated every hokku and haiku into a rhymed tercet (a-b-a), whereas the Japanese originals never used rhyme. Unlike Yasuda, however, he recognized that 17 syllables in English are generally longer than\",\n \"title\": \"Haiku\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3375797\",\n \"text\": \"the \\\"honored guest\\\" composing a few beginning lines, often in the form of the \\\"hokku\\\" (which, as a stand-alone piece, eventually evolved into the haiku). This initial sally was followed by a stanza composed by the \\\"host.\\\" This process could continue, sometimes with many stanzas composed by numerous other \\\"guests\\\", until the final conclusion. Other collaborative forms of Japanese poetry also evolved, such as the \\\"renku\\\" (\\\"linked-verse\\\") form. In other cases, the poetry collaborations were more competitive, such as with \\\"uta-awase\\\" gatherings, in which Heian period poets composed \\\"waka\\\" poems on set themes, with a judge deciding the winner(s). Haiku\",\n \"title\": \"Japanese poetry\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6789310\",\n \"text\": \"Shōtetsu Shōtetsu (, 1381–1459 CE) was a Japanese poet during the Muromachi period, and is considered to have been the last poet in the courtly waka tradition; a number of his disciples were important in the development of the renga art form, which led to the haiku. He was born in 1381 in a minor fortified town in the then province of Bitchū (now Okayama) to a samurai of middling rank named Komatsu Ysukiyo. About ten years after his birth, Shōtetsu's family moved to Kyoto for unknown reasons. At approximately the age of 15 (by the Occidental count), he was\",\n \"title\": \"Shōtetsu\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1564631\",\n \"text\": \"his poetry, and Nakahara came to be known for his \\\"bohemian\\\" lifestyle. Chūya adapted the traditional counts of five and seven used in Japanese \\\"haiku\\\" and \\\"tanka\\\", but frequently tripped these counts with variations, in order to obtain a rhythmical, musical effect. Several of his poems were used as lyrics in songs, so this musical effect may have been carefully calculated from the start. Chūya's works were rejected by many publishers, and he found acceptance primarily with the smaller literary magazines, including \\\"Yamamayu\\\", which he launched together with Kobayashi Hideo, (although on occasion \\\"Shiki\\\" and \\\"Bungakukai\\\" would condescend to publish\",\n \"title\": \"Chūya Nakahara\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9542637\",\n \"text\": \"a syllable, and hence the four hiragana are also four syllables. In \\\"Ōsaka\\\", the initial O is a long (doubled) vowel (denoted with a macron over the vowel in rōmaji), and hence counts as two \\\"on\\\". \\\"Tōkyō\\\" includes two long vowels, which contribute two \\\"on\\\" each in Japanese but only one syllable each in English, which does not distinguish long vowels from short; meanwhile \\\"kyo\\\" is perceived by Japanese speakers to be a single sound but in this context is perceived by English speakers as two syllables. (Note that the same sound at the beginning of a word e.g. \\\"cute\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"On (Japanese prosody)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3791757\",\n \"text\": \"line of the first poem in the \\\"Kojiki\\\" was written with five characters: This method of writing Japanese syllables by using characters for their Chinese sounds (\\\"ongana\\\") was supplemented with indirect methods in the complex mixed script of the \\\"Man'yōshū\\\" (c. 759). In \\\"man'yōgana\\\", each Old Japanese syllable was represented by a Chinese character. Although any one of several characters could be used for a given syllable, a careful analysis revealed that 88 syllables were distinguished in the \\\"Kojiki\\\": The system has the same gaps of \\\"yi\\\" and \\\"wu\\\" found in later forms of Japanese. However, many syllables that have\",\n \"title\": \"Old Japanese\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"164917\",\n \"text\": \"to what is now called \\\"haiku\\\". Bashō also used his \\\"hokku\\\" as torque points within his short prose sketches and longer travel diaries. This subgenre of \\\"haikai\\\" is known as \\\"haibun\\\". His best-known work, \\\"Oku no Hosomichi\\\", or \\\"Narrow Roads to the Interior\\\", is counted as one of the classics of Japanese literature and has been translated into English extensively. Bashō was deified by both the imperial government and Shinto religious headquarters one hundred years after his death because he raised the haikai genre from a playful game of wit to sublime poetry. He continues to be revered as a\",\n \"title\": \"Haiku\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4063917\",\n \"text\": \"divine. By 1946, Blyth had become Professor of English at Gakushuin University, and became private tutor to the Crown Prince (later emperor) Akihito until the end of his [Blyth's] life. He did much to popularise Zen philosophy and Japanese poetry (particularly \\\"haiku\\\") in the West. In 1954, he was awarded a doctorate in literature from Tokyo University, and, in 1959, he received the \\\"Zuihōshō\\\" (Order of Merit) Fourth Grade. Blyth died in 1964, probably of a brain tumour and complications from pneumonia, in the Seiroka Hospital in Tokyo. He was buried in the cemetery of the Shokozan Tokei Soji Zenji\",\n \"title\": \"Reginald Horace Blyth\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20459573\",\n \"text\": \"of Naturalism and the vernacular free-form poetry movement (口語自由詩運動), it saw a decline and effectively disappeared. Shintaishi Shintaishi () is a type of Japanese poetry. It specifically refers to poems written in classical Japanese in non-traditional forms (as opposed to the 5-7-5-7-7 \\\"waka\\\" and the 5-7-5 \\\"haiku\\\") in the Meiji period. Notable practitioners of the form included Yuasa Banketsu and Ochiai Naobumi. It declined in popularity in the first two decades of the twentieth century, in favour of free-form poetry in a more vernacular form of Japanese. \\\"Shintaishi\\\" (literally \\\"new form poetry\\\") has its origins in the Meiji period. It\",\n \"title\": \"Shintaishi\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16352251\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"chōka\\\" had effectively gone extinct, and \\\"chōka\\\" had significantly diminished in prominence. As a result, the word \\\"waka\\\" became effectively synonymous with \\\"tanka\\\", and the word \\\"tanka\\\" fell out of use until it was revived at the end of the nineteenth century (see \\\"Tanka\\\"). \\\"Tanka\\\" (hereafter referred to as \\\"waka\\\") consist of five of 5-7-5-7-7 \\\"on\\\" or syllabic units. Therefore, \\\"tanka\\\" is sometimes called \\\"Misohitomoji\\\" (三十一文字), meaning it contains 31 syllables in total. The term \\\"waka\\\" originally encompassed a number of differing forms, principally and , but also including bussokusekika, and . These last three forms, however, fell into disuse\",\n \"title\": \"Waka (poetry)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10469372\",\n \"text\": \"is to be singled out for especial praise.' Robin D. Gill Robin Dallas Gill, born in 1951 at Miami Beach, Florida, USA, and brought up on the island of Key Biscayne in the Florida Keys, is a bilingual author in Japanese and English. He wrote extensively on stereotypes of Japanese identity before moving on to publishing his research on, and translations of Japanese poetry, especially the genres of haiku and senryū. He is considered a 'maverick' writer within the field of Western studies on Edo-period poetry. He writes haiku in Japanese under the \\\"haigō\\\" (haikai pen-name) Keigu (敬愚:'Yours foolishly', an\",\n \"title\": \"Robin D. Gill\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"910046\",\n \"text\": \"the Imagists, and poets of the Beat Generation. Two of Bashō's poems were popularized in the short story \\\"Teddy\\\" written by J. D. Salinger and published in 1952 by \\\"The New Yorker\\\" magazine. In 1979, the International Astronomical Union named a crater found on Mercury after him. Matsuo Bashō , born , then , was the most famous poet of the Edo period in Japan. During his lifetime, Bashō was recognized for his works in the collaborative \\\"haikai no renga\\\" form; today, after centuries of commentary, he is recognized as the greatest master of haiku (then called hokku). Matsuo Bashō's\",\n \"title\": \"Matsuo Bashō\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2787937\",\n \"text\": \"無季 (no-season). In the pre-Meiji era (before 1868), almost all haiku contained a kigo. For example, Japanese experts have classified only about 10 of Matsuo Bashō's (1644-1694) hokku in the miscellaneous (zō) category (out of about 1,000 hokku). As with most of the pre-Meiji poets, Bashō was primarily a renku poet (that is, he composed linked verse with other poets), so he also wrote plenty of miscellaneous and love stanzas for the interior lines of a renku. Usually about half the stanzas in a renku do not reference a season. The Meiji era poet Masaoka Shiki (1867–1902), who recommended several\",\n \"title\": \"Kigo\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3375837\",\n \"text\": \"went out of fashion and was seldom written. As a result, Japanese men of letters lost the traditional background of Chinese literary knowledge. Originally the word \\\"shi\\\" meant poetry, especially Chinese poetry, but today it means mainly modern-style poetry in Japanese. \\\"Shi\\\" is also known as \\\"kindai-shi\\\" (modern poetry). Since World War II, poets and critics have used the name \\\"gendai-shi\\\" (contemporary poetry). This includes the poets Kusano Shinpei, Tanikawa Shuntarō and Ishigaki Rin. As for the traditional styles such as \\\"waka\\\" and \\\"haiku,\\\" the early modern era was also a time of renovation. Yosano Tekkan and later Masaoka Shiki\",\n \"title\": \"Japanese poetry\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3375834\",\n \"text\": \"by his own haiku poems. Such combination of haiku with painting is known as haiga. Waka underwent a revival, too, in relation to kokugaku, the study of Japanese classics. Kyōka (mad song), a type of satirical waka was also popular. One poetry school of the era was the Danrin school. Hokku renga, or of its later derivative, renku (haikai no renga). From the time of Matsuo Bashō (1644–1694), the hokku began to appear as an independent poem, and was also incorporated in haibun (in combination with prose). Haikai emerged from the renga of the medieval period. Matsuo Bashō was a\",\n \"title\": \"Japanese poetry\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19527787\",\n \"text\": \"(794–1185). The haiku form that had appeared by the 17th century also derives from the \\\"tanka\\\", reduced to 17 syllables: 5-7-5. Gaston Renondeau noted that the \\\"haikai\\\" form \\\"enjoyed an unparallelled vogue from the end of the 15th century\\\". The production of haikai has continued into modern times. The \\\"light\\\" character of the work does not preclude depth—according to Rodriguez, \\\"the limited number of words condenses the energy of the poem, a veritable animistic vision of nature\\\", and thus \\\"the first lines are loaded with a symbolism suitable to draw Delage's attention, and constitute the first of the \\\"Sept haï-kaïs\\\"\\\".\",\n \"title\": \"Sept haï-kaïs\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1315731\",\n \"text\": \"ends phrases in auxiliary verbs. Whereas English ends in verbs or nouns, which are extremely common, Japanese rappers were limited by the small number of grammatically correct possibilities for ending a phrase. Japanese also lacks the stresses on certain syllables that provide flow to English rapping. Even traditional Japanese poetry was based on the numbers of syllables present, unlike English poetry, which was based on the stresses in a line. Most Japanese lyrical music was also formulated using textual repetition, not relying on the flow of the words. The Japanese also have many ways of indicating class distinctions. English is\",\n \"title\": \"Japanese hip hop\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"910045\",\n \"text\": \"poems continued into the 20th century, with notable works by Yamamoto Kenkichi, Imoto Nōichi, and Ogata Tsutomu. The 20th century also saw translations of Bashō's poems into languages and editions around the world. The position of Bashō in Western eyes as the \\\"haiku\\\" poet \\\"par excellence\\\" gives great influence to his poetry: Western preference for \\\"haiku\\\" over more traditional forms such as \\\"tanka\\\" or \\\"renga\\\" have rendered archetypal status to Bashō as Japanese poet and \\\"haiku\\\" as Japanese poetry. Some western scholars even believe that Bashō invented haiku. The impressionistic and concise nature of Bashō's verse greatly influenced Ezra Pound,\",\n \"title\": \"Matsuo Bashō\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"412813\",\n \"text\": \"for his revision of standalone hokku, with the same idea. Tanka consist of five units (often treated as separate lines when romanized or translated) usually with the following pattern of \\\"on\\\" (often treated as, roughly, the number of syllables per unit or line): The 5-7-5 is called the , and the 7-7 is called the . During the Kojiki and Nihonshoki periods the tanka retained a well defined form, but the history of the mutations of the tanka itself forms an important chapter in haiku history, until the modern revival of tanka began with several poets who began to publish\",\n \"title\": \"Tanka\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"558464\",\n \"text\": \"person is chosen to be the reader. As the reader reads a yomifuda, the players race to find its associated torifuda before anybody else does. It is often possible to identify a poem by its first one or two syllables. This game has traditionally been played on New Year's Day since 1904. Competitive karuta has competitions on various levels with the Japan national championship tournament being held every January at Omi shrine (a Shinto shrine) in Ōtsu, Shiga since 1955. A few non-matching games exist that use only the yomifuda. Bouzu Mekuri (), is a simple game of chance originating\",\n \"title\": \"Karuta\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6258550\",\n \"text\": \"a user needs to know, or guess, the pronunciation of a character in order to look it up. The modern Chinese dictionary improvement is alphabetical collation by \\\"pinyin\\\" romanization. Japanese \\\"onbiki\\\" dictionaries historically changed from poetic \\\"iroha\\\" to practical \\\"gojūon\\\" ordering around 1890. Compare the former pangram poem (\\\"i-ro-ha-ni-ho-he-to, chi-ri-nu-ru-wo\\\", … \\\"Although flowers glow with color, They are quickly fallen, …) with the latter \\\"fifty sounds\\\" 10 consonants by 5 vowels grid (\\\"a-i-u-e-o, ka-ki-ku-ke-ko\\\", …). m The first Japanese dictionaries are no longer extant and only known by titles. For example, the \\\"Nihon Shoki\\\" (tr. Aston 1896:354) says Emperor Tenmu\",\n \"title\": \"Japanese dictionary\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20203718\",\n \"text\": \"Yuri Yasuda Yuri \\\"Yureeka\\\" Yasuda (; born 21 June 1983) also known as Yureeka is a Japanese businesswoman and art collector. Born in Tokyo and raised in New York City, she graduated from Sophia University with a bachelor's degree in Comparative Cultures. Yuri Yasuda was born in Tokyo in 1983. Her great-grandfather, Hizume Masaharu was a doctor as well as a poet who has published a collection of tanka, a thirty-one syllabled verse. Her grandfather, Nobuaki Hizume was the head bureaucrat of the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, as well as the former Director-General of Small and Medium Enterprises,\",\n \"title\": \"Yuri Yasuda\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10469362\",\n \"text\": \"Robin D. Gill Robin Dallas Gill, born in 1951 at Miami Beach, Florida, USA, and brought up on the island of Key Biscayne in the Florida Keys, is a bilingual author in Japanese and English. He wrote extensively on stereotypes of Japanese identity before moving on to publishing his research on, and translations of Japanese poetry, especially the genres of haiku and senryū. He is considered a 'maverick' writer within the field of Western studies on Edo-period poetry. He writes haiku in Japanese under the \\\"haigō\\\" (haikai pen-name) Keigu (敬愚:'Yours foolishly', an homophonous pun on 敬具:'Yours truly'). Since 2013, he\",\n \"title\": \"Robin D. Gill\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19429784\",\n \"text\": \"B. Yeats wrote \\\"The Lake Isle of Innisfree\\\" (1888) with the honey bee couplet \\\"Nine bean rows will I have there, a hive for the honey bee, / And live alone in the bee loud glade\\\", while he was living in Bedford Park, London. Lafcadio Hearn wrote in his 1901 book \\\"A Japanese Miscellany\\\" that Japanese poets had created dragonfly \\\"haiku\\\" \\\"almost as numerous as are the dragonflies themselves in the early autumn.\\\" The poet Matsuo Bashō (1644–1694) wrote \\\"haiku\\\" such as \\\"Crimson pepper pod / add two pairs of wings, and look / darting dragonfly\\\", relating the autumn season\",\n \"title\": \"Insects in literature\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2950660\",\n \"text\": \"Nevertheless, Saikaku's work is now celebrated for its significance in the development of Japanese fiction. Ihara Saikaku Born as Hirayama Tōgo (平山藤五), the son of a wealthy merchant in Osaka, he first studied haikai poetry under Matsunaga Teitoku and later studied under Nishiyama Sōin of the Danrin school of poetry, which emphasized comic linked verse. Scholars have described numerous extraordinary feats of solo haikai composition at one sitting; most famously, over the course of a single day and night in 1677, Saikaku is reported to have composed at least 16,000 haikai stanzas, with some sources placing the number at over\",\n \"title\": \"Ihara Saikaku\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3375846\",\n \"text\": \"poetry: The largest anthology of haiku in Japanese is the 12-volume Bunruihaiku-zenshū (Classified Collection of Haiku) compiled by Masaoka Shiki, completed after his death, which collected haiku by seasonal theme and sub-theme. It includes work dating back to the 15th century. The largest collection of haiku translated into English on any single subject is \\\"Cherry Blossom Epiphany\\\" by Robin D. Gill, which contains some 3,000 Japanese haiku on the subject of the cherry blossom.< Gill, Robin D. \\\"Cherry Blossom Epiphany\\\", Paraverse Press, 2007 > H. Mack Horton's translation of the 16th-century \\\"Journal of Sōchō\\\", by a pre-eminent renga poet of\",\n \"title\": \"Japanese poetry\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9862477\",\n \"text\": \"the personal life of a historical personage.” Thematically, many diaries lay heavy emphasis on time and poetry. The Heian period ushered a revival of Japanese classical poetry, waka, and native vernacular writing, kana. Waka, traditional Japanese thirty-one syllable poetry, was used for purposes ranging from official proclamations and poetry contests to private matters of courtship, and became crucial to success in the life of the aristocracy. Due to the importance of waka in communication, imperial waka anthologies such as the \\\"Kokinshū\\\" were compiled as poetic standards. Nikki bungaku grew out of waka's rise in popularity. It has even been speculated\",\n \"title\": \"Poetic diary\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5008098\",\n \"text\": \"description of Japan as the \\\"Land of the Rising Sun\\\". \\\"Nichi\\\", in compounds, often loses the final \\\"chi\\\" and creates a slight pause between the first and second syllables of the compound. When romanised, this pause is represented by a doubling of the first consonant of the second syllable; thus \\\"nichi\\\" plus \\\"kō\\\" (light) is written and pronounced \\\"nikkō\\\", meaning sunlight. Japanese and were historically pronounced \\\"niti\\\" (or \\\"jitu\\\", reflecting a Late Middle Chinese pronunciation) and \\\"pon\\\", respectively. In compounds, however, final voiceless stops (i.e. \\\"p\\\", \\\"t\\\", \\\"k\\\") of the first word were unreleased in Middle Chinese, and the pronunciation\",\n \"title\": \"Names of Japan\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20913764\",\n \"text\": \"and are written in five free lines. As of 2018 at least five Gogyohka magazines existed: \\\"Gogyohka\\\", \\\"Hamakaze\\\", \\\"Minami no kaze\\\", \\\"Sai\\\"and \\\"Kojimachi club\\\". Five rules of Gogyohka by Enta Kusakabe (1983). Gogyōka Gogyohka（五行歌） is a five-line, untitled, Japanese poetic form. Unlike tanka (57577 syllables), Gogyohka has no restrictions on length. Poets such as Kenji Miyazawa, Jun Ishiwara, Yūgure Maeda, Hakushu Kitahara, Toson Yashiro and Shinobu Orikuchi have written five-line poetry as free-style tankas since the Taishō period around the 1910s. However, they did not name the form. In 1983, Enta Kusakabe named it Gogyohka (五行歌) and for the first\",\n \"title\": \"Gogyōka\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2787930\",\n \"text\": \"four seasons (and modern saijiki usually include a section for the \\\"New Year\\\" and another for seasonless (\\\"muki\\\") words). Those sections are divided into a standard set of categories, and then the kigo are sorted within their proper category. The most common categories (with some examples of Japanese summer kigo) are: Summer Although haiku are often thought of as poems about nature, two of the seven categories are primarily about human activities (Humanity and Observances). Japan is long from north to south, so the seasonal features vary from place to place. The sense of season in kigo is based on\",\n \"title\": \"Kigo\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1570681\",\n \"text\": \"published with a commentary by Prime Minister Kijūrō Shidehara that dwelt exclusively on the prior existence of democracy in the Meiji Era and did not make even passing reference to the emperor's \\\"renunciation of divinity\\\". This rescript is said to have been drafted by Reginald Horace Blyth and Harold Gould Henderson, who also contributed to the popularisation of Zen and the poetic form of haiku outside Japan. Humanity Declaration The is an imperial rescript issued by the Emperor Shōwa (Hirohito) as part of a New Year's statement on 1 January 1946 at the request of the Supreme Commander of the\",\n \"title\": \"Humanity Declaration\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"164922\",\n \"text\": \"composition. Shiki's revisionism dealt a severe blow to renku and surviving haikai schools. The term \\\"hokku\\\" is now used chiefly in its original sense of the opening verse of a renku, and rarely to distinguish haiku written before Shiki's time. Haibun is a combination of prose and haiku, often autobiographical or written in the form of a travel journal. Haiga is a style of Japanese painting based on the aesthetics of haikai, and usually including a haiku. Today, haiga artists combine haiku with paintings, photographs and other art. The carving of famous haiku on natural stone to make poem monuments\",\n \"title\": \"Haiku\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1421322\",\n \"text\": \"of feet, where a foot consists of two moras. A mora is the unit of which a light syllable contains one and a heavy syllable two. For example, the stems that may be derived from \\\"Tarō\\\" are /taro/, consisting of two light syllables, and /taa/, consisting of a single syllable with a long vowel, resulting in \\\"Taro-chan\\\" and \\\"Tā-chan\\\". The stems that may be derived from \\\"Hanako\\\" are /hana/, with two light syllables, /han/, with one syllable closed by a consonant, and /haa/, with one syllable with a long vowel, resulting in \\\"Hanachan\\\", \\\"Hanchan\\\", and \\\"Hāchan\\\". The segmental content is\",\n \"title\": \"Japanese name\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"910026\",\n \"text\": \"Matsuo Bashō , born , then , was the most famous poet of the Edo period in Japan. During his lifetime, Bashō was recognized for his works in the collaborative \\\"haikai no renga\\\" form; today, after centuries of commentary, he is recognized as the greatest master of haiku (then called hokku). Matsuo Bashō's poetry is internationally renowned; and, in Japan, many of his poems are reproduced on monuments and traditional sites. Although Bashō is justifiably famous in the West for his hokku, he himself believed his best work lay in leading and participating in renku. He is quoted as saying,\",\n \"title\": \"Matsuo Bashō\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"compressed_ctxs_1":{"kind":"string","value":"{\n \"compressed_prompt\": \"Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\\n\\ntitle: Japanese New Year context: happiness all around. The amount of money given depends on the age of the child but is usually the same if there is more than one child so that no one feels slighted. It is not uncommon for amounts greater than ¥5,000 (approximately US$50) to be given. The New Year traditions are also a part of Japanese poetry, including haiku (poems with 17 syllables, in three lines of five, seven and five) and renga (linked poetry). All of the traditions above would be appropriate to include in haiku as \\\"kigo\\\" (season words). There are also haiku that celebrate many of\\n\\nHow many syllables are there in a Japanese haiku poem?\",\n \"compressed_tokens\": 188,\n \"origin_tokens\": 188,\n \"ratio\": \"1.0x\",\n \"saving\": \", Saving $0.0 in GPT-4.\"\n}"},"compressed_ctxs_100":{"kind":"string","value":"{\n \"compressed_prompt\": \"Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\\n\\ntitle: Japanese poetry context: single form of poetry. Haiku derives from the earlier hokku. The name was given by Masaoka Shiki (pen-name of Masaoka Noboru, October 14, 1867 – September 19, 1902). Tanka is a name for and a type of poem found in the Heian era poetry anthology \\\"Man'yōshū\\\". The name was given new life by Masaoka Shiki (pen-name of Masaoka Noboru, October 14, 1867 – September 19, 1902). Japanese Contemporary Poetry consists of poetic verses today, mainly after the 1900s. It includes vast styles and genres of prose including experimental, sensual, dramatic, erotic, and many contemporary poets today are female. Japanese\\n\\ntitle: Japanese contexthonored guesting a beginning, often the form \\\"hokku\\\" (which as a stand- piece evolved into the ha This initial sally was followed a stanza composed by the \\\"host This process could continue, sometimes many stanz composed by numerous other \\\"gu\\\", until the final. Other collabor forms of Japanese evolved such as the \\\"renku\\\" (\\\"linked-verse form. cases, collaborations were more competitive, such as with \\\"uta-awase\\\" gatherings, in Heian period poets composed \\\"waka po on set themes, with a judge deciding the winner(s). Haiku\\n:iku context South Asia some otherets also write from time to notist poetmer, is active movement and of his 'iroimaiku at variousferences in and. Ha In Japanese haiku are traditionally printed single ha in often three parallel three phr Japanese. \\\"hok\\\", ha given its current name Japanese writer Masaoka Shiki at the end of the 1th\\n Septïs context: ( haiku had appeared1 from \\\"\\\", to7on Renha\\\" anled vogue from the end of the 15th century\\\". The production of haikai has continued into modern times. The \\\"light\\\" character of the work does not preclude depth—according to Rodriguez, \\\"the limited number of words condenses the energy of the poem, a veritable animistic vision of nature\\\", and thus \\\"the first lines are loaded with a symbolism suitable to draw Delage's attention, and constitute the first of the \\\"Sept haï-kaïs\\\"\\\".\\n\\nHow many syllables are there in a Japanese haiku poem?\",\n \"compressed_tokens\": 542,\n \"origin_tokens\": 15763,\n \"ratio\": \"29.1x\",\n \"saving\": \", Saving $0.9 in GPT-4.\"\n}"}}},{"rowIdx":279,"cells":{"id":{"kind":"number","value":279,"string":"279"},"question":{"kind":"string","value":"In the original L. Frank Baum story The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, what color were Dorothy's slippers?"},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["Sliver","Sliver (album)","Sliver (disambiguation)"],"string":"[\n \"Sliver\",\n \"Sliver (album)\",\n \"Sliver (disambiguation)\"\n]","isConversational":false},"target":{"kind":"string","value":"Sliver"},"ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"id":"1622065","text":"of 2018. In L. Frank Baum's original novel, \"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\" (1900), on which the film is based, Dorothy wears Silver Shoes. However, the color of the shoes was changed to red in order to take full advantage of the new Technicolor film process being used in big-budget Hollywood films of that era. Film screenwriter Noel Langley is credited with the idea. In the MGM film, an adolescent farm girl named Dorothy (played by Judy Garland), her dog Toto, and their farmhouse are swept away from Kansas by a tornado and taken to the magical Land of Oz.","title":"Ruby slippers"},{"id":"2895694","text":"given shortly after her unexpected arrival when her farmhouse landed on and killed the previous pair's owner, the Wicked Witch of the East. After knocking her heels together three times and wishing to return home, Dorothy is lifted into the air and transported to Kansas. The shoes however, slip off of Dorothy's feet and are lost forever in the desert. Baum states the silver shoes are never recovered. In the 1939 film the shoes are changed to Ruby Slippers. When Dorothy clicks her heels together she closes her eyes and says: \"\"There's no place like home\"\". She then wakes up","title":"Land of Oz"},{"id":"4210654","text":"rise from the ashes some day: \"\"And there the wicked old Witch stayed for a good long time.\"\"<br> \"\"And did she ever come out?\"\"<br> \"\"Not yet.\"\" L. Frank Baum wrote of silver shoes in his novels. These were changed to Ruby slippers for the 1939 movie, because red showed up better on screen than silver, when the filmmakers decided to use the new Technicolor film process when making The Wizard of Oz. In 2003, the novel was adapted as the Broadway musical \"Wicked\". The musical was produced by Universal Pictures and directed by Joe Mantello, with musical staging by Wayne","title":"Wicked (Maguire novel)"},{"id":"12447836","text":"slippers. This was cut from the final filming of the movie. In \"The Muppets' Wizard of Oz\", the Silver Shoes are portrayed as sparkling, bejeweled, glittery Manolo Blahnik high-heels. The laws of ownership are again displayed in that the Witch of the West tries to cut off Dorothy's feet to obtain the shoes. Once again the shoes remain on Dorothy's feet when she arrives home. When first seen on the feet of the Witch of the East in the 1986 anime version, they are brown peasant's shoes. When the Witch of the North then magically transfers them to Dorothy's feet,","title":"Silver Shoes"},{"id":"12447827","text":"Silver Shoes The Silver Shoes are the magical shoes that appear in L. Frank Baum's 1900 novel \"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\" as heroine Dorothy Gale's transport home. They are originally owned by the Wicked Witch of the East but passed to Dorothy when her house lands on the Witch. As gathered from the clues throughout the various books and films, the Silver Shoes will only pass to a new owner if they have physically defeated the previous owner, or the previous owner willingly hands them over. \"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\" (1900) is the only book in the original","title":"Silver Shoes"},{"id":"2298836","text":"to the derelict Emerald City, ruled by Princess Mombi (Princess Langwidere in all but name, as well as keeping Ozma as her slave) and her Wheelers. In the second half of the film, Dorothy, Billina, Tik-Tok, Jack Pumpkinhead, and the Gump traveled to the Nome King's mountain, to rescue the Scarecrow from the King's ornament collection, which were emerald green unlike the book’s royal purple. The 1939 film \"The Wizard of Oz\"'s famous ruby slippers were used in place of the magic belt. The 1986 anime adaptation of the first novel included this story. It was later shortened and edited","title":"Ozma of Oz"},{"id":"3663703","text":"Wicked Witch of the East The Wicked Witch of the East is a fictional character created by American author L. Frank Baum. She is a crucial character but appears only briefly in Baum's classic children's series of \"Oz\" novels, most notably \"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\" (1900). The Wicked Witch was a middle aged, malevolent woman who conquered and tyrannized the Munchkin Country in Oz's eastern quadrant, forcing the native Munchkins to slave for her night and day. Her charmed Silver Shoes (famously changed to magic ruby slippers in the 1939 film musical) held many mysterious powers and were her","title":"Wicked Witch of the East"},{"id":"20071372","text":"Dorothy and the Wizard of Oz Dorothy and the Wizard of Oz is an American animated children's television series based on L. Frank Baum's novel \"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\" and its subsequent books, as well as its 1939 film adaptation. The series debuted on Boomerang SVOD on June 29, 2017. The series was picked up for a second and third season. After the Wicked Witch of the West was melted by water, Queen Ozma has appointed Dorothy Gale the Princess of Emerald City. With her feet firmly grounded in her ruby slippers, Dorothy tackles her royal duties with enthusiasm,","title":"Dorothy and the Wizard of Oz"},{"id":"6852384","text":"Oz].\" Kassinger, in her book \"Gold: From Greek Myth to Computer Chips\", purports that \"The Wizard symbolizes bankers who support the gold standard and oppose adding silver to it... Only Dorothy's \"silver\" slippers can take her home to Kansas,\" meaning that by Dorothy not realizing that she had the silver slippers the whole time, Dorothy, or \"the westerners\", never realized they already had a viable currency of the people. Political interpretations of The Wonderful Wizard of Oz Political interpretations of \"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\" include treatments of the modern fairy tale (written by L. Frank Baum and first published","title":"Political interpretations of The Wonderful Wizard of Oz"},{"id":"2499463","text":"Coronado, influenced its description in later books. Scholars who interpret \"The Wizard of Oz\" as a political allegory see the Emerald City as a metaphor for Washington, D.C. and unsecured \"greenback\" paper money. In this reading of the book, the city's illusory splendor and value are compared with the value of paper money, which also has value only because of a shared illusion or convention. Here, Dorothy gains entry to the Emerald City (Washington, D.C.) wearing the witch's silver slippers (the silver standard), taking the Yellow Brick Road (the gold standard), and met the Wizard (President William McKinley), whose power","title":"Emerald City"},{"id":"2895695","text":"in her bedroom in Kansas believing her experience in Oz to be an elaborate dream. The silver shoes and ruby slippers are also used in several other versions including \"Wicked\" by Gregory Maguire. Here the shoes are constructed as a gift and have a chameleon effect. They are decorated with thousands of glittering glass beads that change colors according to the lighting. They can also appear to be several different colors all at once. The shoes are also lost when Dorothy is teleported back home just like in Baum's novel. The Broadway musical based on Maguire's book further shows that","title":"Land of Oz"},{"id":"12447834","text":"they shock and burn her hands and she cries out in pain. In \"The Wiz\", the shoes are silver high heels. This movie gives further insight into the shoe's magical protection. When Evillene (the witch of the west) tries to obtain them magically, her fingers are bent painfully backwards. In the anime movie, the shoes are once again transformed into the ruby slippers, though they are never referred to by that name. They are heeled shoes with pointed, slightly curled toes, similar to their appearance in Denslow's illustrations. Unlike the book, the shoes are still on Dorothy's feet when she","title":"Silver Shoes"},{"id":"2490474","text":"Munchkins from her evil powers. Dorothy, distressed and confused, wants only to return home. With her magic unable to take Dorothy beyond the country boundaries, Addaperle decides her best bet is to follow the Yellow Brick Road to the Emerald City in the centre of Oz, to see the great and powerful Wizard of Oz, or \"The Wiz\" for short (\"He's the Wizard\"). She gives Dorothy the Witch of the East's silver slippers, and tells her not to take them off before she reaches home, for they hold a mysterious, but very powerful charm that will keep her safe. Dorothy","title":"The Wiz"},{"id":"2351099","text":"sisterhood of witches as the Witch of the West, but is \"defeated\" by a young girl named Dorothy Gale. Rather than become the new Witch of the West, Dorothy only wishes to go home; a desire Glinda grants by taking her back to see the Wizard, who is presumed to have reverted to his old form since Zelena's magic has been undone. From behind the green curtain, Zelena impersonates the Wizard's voice and gives Dorothy the silver slippers to send her home. Walsh meets Emma Swan and they begin dating. Over the course of eight months, he gets to know","title":"Wizard of Oz (character)"},{"id":"3663710","text":"of Oz\" and Disney's 2013 theatrical film \"Oz the Great and Powerful\". Wicked Witch of the East The Wicked Witch of the East is a fictional character created by American author L. Frank Baum. She is a crucial character but appears only briefly in Baum's classic children's series of \"Oz\" novels, most notably \"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\" (1900). The Wicked Witch was a middle aged, malevolent woman who conquered and tyrannized the Munchkin Country in Oz's eastern quadrant, forcing the native Munchkins to slave for her night and day. Her charmed Silver Shoes (famously changed to magic ruby slippers","title":"Wicked Witch of the East"},{"id":"12447837","text":"they take on the appearance of white slip-on shoes. When Dorothy is forced to give one of the shoes to the Witch of the West, it reverts to the peasant form. After the Witch is melted and Dorothy is shown wearing it again, it has returned to its white form. The shoes are used twice after they initially send Dorothy home. The first time, she is holding them in her hands when she clicks the heels and drops them. Consequently, Dorothy is transported to Oz and the shoes are left in Kansas (Glinda sends her home). The second time occurs","title":"Silver Shoes"},{"id":"12447838","text":"while Dorothy is sleeping. Tik-Tok is emitting a distress signal and the shoes activate, transporting Dorothy to the Land of Ev in a beam of light. Her clothes are changed in mid flight. In the 1990 \"The Wizard of Oz\" television series, the Ruby Slippers are used to transport Dorothy back to Oz. They are depicted to possess other powerful magical capabilities that Dorothy did not fully understand, and as such, often served as a form of deus ex machina against hopeless situations. They are no longer depicted as high heels. A unique concept proposed by this series is that","title":"Silver Shoes"},{"id":"2332380","text":"the slippers in the story were instead made of fur (French: \"vair\"), but this interpretation has since been discredited by folklorists. Derek \"The Slipper Man\" Fan holds the Guinness World Records record for wearing a pair of dress slippers for 23 years straight as of June 30, 2007. A pair of ruby slippers worn by Judy Garland in \"The Wizard of Oz\" sold at Christie's in June 1988 for $165,000. The same pair was resold in May 2000 for $666,000. On both occasions they were the most expensive shoes from a film to be sold at auction. \"Grandpa's Slippers\" is","title":"Slipper"},{"id":"2316750","text":"offer her to take Zelena's place as the Witch of the West, but Dorothy declines; wishing only to return home. With Glinda's help, she is taken to see the Wizard and given a pair of silver slippers to travel to any world. Dorothy thanks the Wizard of Oz (Christopher Gorham) and proceeds to click the slippers' heels three times to send herself home. Only after the girl's departure, Glinda discovers too late that Zelena masqueraded as the Wizard in order to usher Dorothy out of Oz. Upon returning to Kansas, Dorothy tells her family about her experiences in Oz. However,","title":"Dorothy Gale"},{"id":"1622064","text":"Ruby slippers The ruby slippers are the magic pair of shoes worn by Dorothy Gale as played by Judy Garland in the classic 1939 MGM musical movie \"The Wizard of Oz\". Because of their iconic stature, the ruby slippers are now considered among the most treasured and valuable items of film memorabilia. As is customary for important props, a number of pairs were made for the film, though the exact number is unknown. Five pairs are known to have survived; one pair was stolen from a museum in Grand Rapids, MN in August 2005 and was finally recovered in September","title":"Ruby slippers"},{"id":"12306801","text":"Out\"; \"Ding Dong! The Witch Is Dead\"). The Wicked Witch of the West (who resembles Miss Gulch) arrives to claim her sister's magic ruby slippers and vows to avenge her death. Glinda has already put the slippers on Dorothy's feet, further infuriating the witch. Dorothy wants to go home to Kansas. The Munchkins tell her that the Wizard of Oz will know what to do (\"Follow the Yellow Brick Road\"). She starts off towards the Emerald City. Dorothy and Toto meet three strange traveling companions, each of whom needs help: The Scarecrow's head is full of straw (\"If I Only","title":"The Wizard of Oz (1987 musical)"},{"id":"1622094","text":"Karazhan raid instance. The shoes function similarly to the hearthstone that all characters start out with, allowing them to teleport from their current location to the inn where the hearthstone is set. The caption under the statistic lines, much like in the movie, is \"There's no place like home.\" The slippers are part of the twelve \"Foundation Elements\" in the toys-to-life video game \"Lego Dimensions\". Ruby slippers The ruby slippers are the magic pair of shoes worn by Dorothy Gale as played by Judy Garland in the classic 1939 MGM musical movie \"The Wizard of Oz\". Because of their iconic","title":"Ruby slippers"},{"id":"2895678","text":"City in the movie uses a much more contemporary Art Deco style than Baum could have imagined. In the book, a giant green wall studded in glittering emeralds surrounds the entire city, whereas in the movie there is only a gate opening. The movie replaces the charmed Silver Shoes with pointed toes of the book with Ruby-Red Slippers. This was because full color motion pictures were still a relatively new technology in 1939, and MGM wanted to show off the visually dazzling process. Shiny red shoes were more impressive in a color motion picture compared to silver ones. Due to","title":"Land of Oz"},{"id":"371819","text":"and \"The Red Shoes\". In the movie adaption of the children's book \"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\", a pair of red ruby slippers play a key role in the plot. The 1985 comedy \"The Man with One Red Shoe\" features an eccentric man wearing one normal business shoe and one red shoe that becomes central to the plot. Athletic sneaker collection has also existed as a part of urban subculture in the United States for several decades. Recent decades have seen this trend spread to European nations such as the Czech Republic. A Sneakerhead is a person who owns multiple","title":"Shoe"},{"id":"4265888","text":"there is still hope for the future. The film also has references to \"the Wizard of Oz\", loosely imitating the 1939 movie. A little person instructs Buddy to \"follow the yellow brick road\". Lost Vegas, seen from the distance, looks like the Emerald City. Death is obsessed with a specific object, Buddy's guitar pick, much like the Wicked Witch trying to get Dorothy's red slippers. Finally, Death is killed when sprayed with water, as was the Wicked Witch. When Buddy dies, his body disappears, leaving only his clothes for the kid to take, again like the Wicked Witch. \"Six-String Samurai:","title":"Six-String Samurai"},{"id":"12447844","text":"last time, enabling travel between the Underworld and Oz so that Ruby (Red Riding Hood) can rescue Dorothy from a sleeping curse Zelena has placed her under. Zelena, who is trying to change her ways gives the Slippers over to the heroes so Ruby and Snow White can make their way back to Oz. The \"Dorothy of Oz\" series completely revamps the Silver Shoes. They are instead depicted as red boots created by Selluriah, the Witch of the East. When Mara (codename Dorothy) stomps the heels of said boots, she takes on the form and powers of a witch. This","title":"Silver Shoes"},{"id":"2888830","text":"film based on interviews and research; it was updated in 1989. Because of their iconic stature, the ruby slippers worn by Judy Garland in the film are now among the most treasured and valuable film memorabilia in movie history. The silver slippers that Dorothy wore in the book series were changed to ruby to take advantage of the new Technicolor process. Adrian, MGM's chief costume designer, was responsible for the final design. There are five known pairs of the ruby slippers in existence. After filming, the slippers were stored among the studio's extensive collection of costumes and faded from attention.","title":"The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)"},{"id":"2490480","text":"prevent their eyes from being blinded by the dazzling sights. They enter the city and look about in awe at the richly dressed people that inhabit it (\"Emerald City Ballet\"). The haughty and condescending people laugh and ridicule this odd party for wanting to see the Wizard until they see that Dorothy is wearing the Witch of the East's silver slippers. They are promptly shown right into his palace. Once in the throne room, they are assaulted by a great show of lights, smoke, and pyrotechnics as the Wizard appears in several forms before them (\"So You Wanted To See","title":"The Wiz"},{"id":"6852383","text":"both her own sister witch (Witch of the West) and the Wizard of Oz, leaving herself as undisputed master of all four corners of Oz: North, East, West and South (and presumably the Emerald City). She even showed her truest \"Machiavellian brilliance\" by allowing the story to be entitled after the weakest of her three opponents. Glinda could have told Dorothy that the \"silver slippers would easily do the job [of returning Dorothy to her beloved home] but decided that a destabilizing force such as Dorothy might be just the thing to shake up her other rival [The Wizard of","title":"Political interpretations of The Wonderful Wizard of Oz"},{"id":"2490481","text":"the Wizard\"). They each plead their case to him, the Tin Man doing so in song (\"What Would I Do If I Could Feel?\"). He agrees on one condition: they must kill Evillene, the Wicked Witch of the West. With their goals seeming further out of reach than ever before, Dorothy and her companions sink to the floor in tears. Evillene rules over the yellow land of the west, enslaving its people, the Winkies. She is evil, power hungry, and ruthlessly determined to get her hands on the silver slippers, so that she may increase her power and rule over","title":"The Wiz"},{"id":"5934607","text":"working 'once a day'. The episode \"Crystal Clear\" explains that this was caused by the ball's creator having intentionally stabbed/cracked it with a carving knife, during the witch's theft attempt, in order to prevent her from using its full potential. The Wicked Witch does manage to get the slippers once in the series. However, Truckle manages to steal them from her, and she is unable to use their power to their full advantage. The Cowardly Lion also gets to wear them briefly. The series incorporated visual elements from the 1939 film version, including the Scarecrow's diploma and Dorothy's ruby slippers.","title":"The Wizard of Oz (TV series)"},{"id":"7139615","text":"she just killed the Wicked Witch of the East, as her house landed directly on top of her, and by doing so she freed the Munchkins from slavery. She also tells her that the only person able to send her back home is the Wizard of Oz. Dorothy is given the Silver Shoes of the Wicked Witch of the East and sent off along the Yellow Brick Road towards the Emerald City to see the Wonderful Wizard of Oz in hope of getting back to Kansas. On her way to the Wizard, Dorothy meets the Scarecrow, made entirely of straw","title":"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (1986 TV series)"},{"id":"2316755","text":"antagonist, Lord Vortech. Lord Vortech imprisons Dorothy and uses the Ruby Slippers as one of the foundation elements needed to create his \"perfect world\". Whatever becomes of Dorothy after Vortech's demise is up for questioning. Dorothy Gale Dorothy Gale is a fictional character created by American author L. Frank Baum as the main protagonist in many of his \"Oz\" novels. She first appears in Baum's classic children's novel \"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\" (1900) and reappears in most of its sequels. In addition, she is the main character in various adaptations, notably the classic 1939 film adaptation of the novel,","title":"Dorothy Gale"},{"id":"12447839","text":"the Ruby Slippers' magic is linked to the glow of their red coloration. Their powers only function while a dim glow of red light emanates from them, initiated by Dorothy clicking her heels; and the effects of their magic immediately cease after the shoes cease to glow. Also, the Wicked Witch was once able to annul their abilities entirely, by capturing a red Luminary (teardrop-shaped creatures who control all color in Oz) and forcing him to drain the red color from the slippers themselves. However the slippers regained their powers after the Luminary escaped. This series also proposes that the","title":"Silver Shoes"},{"id":"2316743","text":"boat who doff their hats to her as well as miscellaneous debris flying by them. Finally, Dorothy saw Miss Almira Gulch, who was going to abduct Toto to the sheriff, fly on her bicycle outside the window, becoming a witch on a broom. As one of the first movies to be filmed in Technicolor, the director had the color of the famous magic slippers changed from silver to red because the Ruby slippers were more visually appealing on film. She is reunited with Aunt Em, Uncle Henry, their three farm workers (Scarecrow, Tin Man, and Cowardly Lion's alter egos), and","title":"Dorothy Gale"},{"id":"12447846","text":"to get them back. She has several encounters with Fabletown spy Cinderella, which climaxes with them facing off in the mini-series \"Cinderella: Fables Are Forever\". After deducing that they are actually too big to fit Dorothy, Cinderella takes them and pushes her out of an airship over the Deadly Desert to her apparent death, though her body is not seen. Cinderella then looks over the shoes and decides they're just the right size to fit her. Silver Shoes The Silver Shoes are the magical shoes that appear in L. Frank Baum's 1900 novel \"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\" as heroine","title":"Silver Shoes"},{"id":"3655722","text":"original novel. She demands the Munchkins reveal who killed her sister, not long after Dorothy's arrival in Oz. She is described by Glinda the Good Witch of the North, not the South as in the book, as \"worse than the other one\". She actively seeks revenge against Dorothy for killing her sister, even though it was \"accidental\". However, as soon as the Witch is reminded of the ruby slippers, all interest in her sister's death vanishes and all she cares about are obtaining \"her\" slippers, which will enable her to conquer Oz. She is more menacing than her literary counterpart,","title":"Wicked Witch of the West"},{"id":"12447842","text":"Green\", shortly before \"The Doctor\", Zelena, the woman who would eventually become the Wicked Witch of the West, goes to the Wizard in order to seek out her family. Upon discovering that she was abandoned by her mother, Cora, and that her half-sister, Regina became Queen and was being trained by Rumpelstiltskin, the Wizard gives Zelena the shoes so that she can travel to the Enchanted Forest to try and replace Regina as Rumpelstiltskin's student. Upon being rejected by him, Zelena turns green with envy. She mocks Rumpelstiltskin with the power of the Silver Slippers, thus causing his later desire","title":"Silver Shoes"},{"id":"1622066","text":"The house falls on and kills the Wicked Witch of the East, freeing the Munchkins from her tyranny. Glinda the Good Witch of the North arrives via magic bubble and shows Dorothy the dead woman's two feet visibly sticking out from under the house wearing the ruby slippers. When the Wicked Witch of the West comes to claim her dead sister's shoes, Glinda magically transfers them to Dorothy's feet. Glinda tells Dorothy to keep tight inside of them and never take them off, as the slippers must be very powerful or the Wicked Witch would not want them so badly.","title":"Ruby slippers"},{"id":"17942109","text":"owned the rights to adapt all of Baum's books except \"The Wizard of Oz\", but this did not matter because by 1985 both \"The Land of Oz\" and \"Ozma of Oz\" were in the public domain. The only element that \"Return to Oz\" used from the 1939 movie was the ruby slippers – in the book, the slippers were silver. The ruby slippers had become so iconic due to the MGM movie, Disney paid handsomely for the rights to use them. The 2013 film \"Oz the Great and Powerful\" was technically a prequel to the 1939 movie, but it was","title":"Copyright status of The Wizard of Oz and related works in the United States"},{"id":"12990990","text":"1939 film are clearly labelled as being from the Innes Shoe Company in Los Angeles. On their website, Anello & Davide simply state they have been \"called upon to create unforgettable cinema icons - such as Dorothy's unforgettable red slippers \"The Wizard of Oz\".\". It is more probable that the firm provided the plain red leather shoes with Louis heels that were customised for the 1985 film \"Return To Oz\", or at the very least, made replicas for stage productions. It takes an average of six months to make each pair of custom shoes using a cast of the client's","title":"Anello & Davide"},{"id":"16032680","text":"Glinda, gave the witch's Ruby slippers to Dorothy, but the Wicked Witch of the West appeared and swore to claim the slippers for herself. Glinda sent down Dorothy the Yellow Brick Road to reach the Emerald City and find the famed Wizard of Oz in order to get back home. Tuffy advises them not to follow, but Tom and Jerry keep their promise to protect her and insist on following her. Tuffy wishes to be taller, so he decides to accompany them as he wants to see the Wizard as well. Tom, Jerry, and Tuffy soon reunite with Dorothy and","title":"Tom and Jerry and the Wizard of Oz"},{"id":"8019461","text":"the previous single, \"Saturday Night's Alright for Fighting\", in sales and popularity quickly following its release. In the US, it was certified Gold on 4 January 1974 and Platinum on 13 September 1995 by the RIAA. The Yellow Brick Road is an image taken from the 1939 film adaptation of Lyman Frank Baum's \"The Wizard of Oz\". In that film, Dorothy and her three misfit friends are instructed to follow the yellow brick road in search of the Wizard of Oz, only to find that they had what they were looking for all along. The road leads to the Emerald","title":"Goodbye Yellow Brick Road (song)"},{"id":"1622067","text":"Throughout the rest of the film, the Wicked Witch schemes to obtain the shoes. When she captures Dorothy, she tries to take the slippers, but receives a painful shock. The Wicked Witch then realizes that the slippers will only come off if the wearer is dead, so she decides to kill Dorothy. Before she does, however, Dorothy accidentally splashes her with a bucket of water, causing her to melt away. At the end, it is revealed that Dorothy can return home by simply closing her eyes, clicking the heels of the slippers together three times and repeating the phrase, \"There's","title":"Ruby slippers"},{"id":"7301091","text":"gives her and Dandy the slippers. Dorothy, who is being held upside-down from the window, tells Dandy that he will turn to stone if he takes them, but he takes them anyway without being turned to stone. The Witch takes them only to be turned into stone, crumble, and fall apart. The gang returns to the Emerald City, only to find out that the Wizard is, after all, a humbug, unable as he always was to return Dorothy home. Glinda appears to tell Dorothy the reason that her friends didn't turn to stone was because they had brains, a heart,","title":"Return to Oz (1964 film)"},{"id":"12447840","text":"slippers do not necessarily have to be on the user's feet for their powers to work, as Dorothy once used them by tapping the heels together when she held the shoes in her hands (since the ground's sandy surface prevented her from clicking the heels together). Also worth noting in a single episode, is that Truckle, the series' lead Flying Monkey, was once able to wear the Ruby Slippers and thus utilize their powerful magic for his own whims. Even with his generally dim wits and reckless disregard, the slippers gave him sufficient power to overwhelm the Wicked Witch of","title":"Silver Shoes"},{"id":"8508789","text":"after Dorothy for her silver platform heels (a reference to the book version of \"The Wizard of Oz\" where Dorothy's shoes were silver instead of red as seen in the 1939 film version with Judy Garland). The Wiz then quotes \"Shut up Witch\" as the witch ends up getting doused with Cristal by the Wiz and melts. Afterwards, the party resumes. After the last line of the song, the video cuts back to the woman standing in line, being insulted by the doorman and when he turns his back, the woman sneaks into Brick City unnoticed, with the Wiz's voice","title":"Oooh."},{"id":"2946296","text":"Wizard of Oz\" and also borrows a few elements of it such as the ruby slippers. The plot focuses on an insomniac Dorothy, who returns to the Land of Oz only to discover that the entire country and its inhabitants are facing near extinction at the hands of a villainous king who dwells in a neighboring mountain. Upon her second arrival, she, alongside her pet hen, Billina, befriend a group of new companions, including Tik-Tok, Jack Pumpkinhead and the Gump. Together they set out on a quest to save Oz and restore it to its former glory. Development of a","title":"Return to Oz"},{"id":"5838356","text":"through a \"frozen cloud.\" Stratovania proves more substantial when they reach it; Thompson refers to the place as an \"airland\" or \"skyland,\" while the Tin Man calls it an \"airosphere.\" Its altitude is 101,867 feet; the controlled climate is so benign that the people live under canopies rather than in houses. The locale is described in brilliant terms — The Stratovanians themselves are comparably impressive — Their silver footwear recalls the silver slippers of the Wicked Witch of the East in Baum's first Oz book. Thompson's puns maintain the sky theme: the newspaper Strut reads is a \"morning star.\" His","title":"Ozoplaning with the Wizard of Oz"},{"id":"12447835","text":"arrives in Kansas. In \"Return to Oz\", the Ruby Slippers are used once again. In this movie, the slippers have more power than simply transporting people. They allow the Nome King to conquer Oz and turn every one in the Emerald City to stone. Dorothy later uses the shoes to reverse this process. This extra power is due to the fact the slippers replace the Nome King's Magic Belt. In the original draft of the script, the Nome King had refashioned the slippers into the actual Magic Belt from the novels. Upon his death, they reverted into the form of","title":"Silver Shoes"},{"id":"12447833","text":"Nessarose the necessary balance to walk. In the Broadway musical adaption of the book, Elphaba is the one who enchants the shoes. Her spell makes the silver shoes burn red hot, turning them into the ruby slippers. The shoes were absent from the 1925 movie. In the 1939 movie the shoes served the same purpose as in the book but were changed to red by its screenwriter Noel Langley. In fact, he gave a notably different appearance than in Denslow's illustrations. This movie proves that the shoes are magically protected. When the Wicked Witch of the West reaches for them,","title":"Silver Shoes"},{"id":"2490487","text":"land of the south, where they are warmly welcomed and invited to rest after their many trials (\"A Rested Body Is a Rested Mind\"). Glinda is a beautiful and gracious sorceress, surrounded by a court of pretty girls. She tells Dorothy that the silver slippers have always had the power to take her home, but like her friends, she needed to believe in their magic and in herself before it was possible (\"If You Believe\"). She bids a tearful goodbye to her friends, and as their faces fade into the darkness, she thinks about what she has gained, lost, and","title":"The Wiz"},{"id":"654676","text":"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz The Wonderful Wizard of Oz () is an American children's novel written by author L. Frank Baum and illustrated by W. W. Denslow, originally published by the George M. Hill Company in Chicago on May 17, 1900. It has since seen several reprints, most often under the title The Wizard of Oz, which is the title of the popular 1902 Broadway musical adaptation as well as the iconic 1939 musical film adaptation. The story chronicles the adventures of a young farm girl named Dorothy in the magical Land of Oz, after she and her pet","title":"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz"},{"id":"5934604","text":"The Wizard of Oz (TV series) The Wizard of Oz is an animated television series produced by DIC Entertainment in 1990 to capitalize on the popularity of the 1939 film version, to which DiC had acquired the rights from Turner Entertainment, Co.. The series featured thirteen episodes and premiered on ABC, starting on September 8, 1990. It also aired on YTV from 1990 to 1995 in Canada. Reruns aired on Toon Disney from 1998 to 2002. Dorothy has decided to return to Oz with Toto using the ruby slippers that showed up on her doorstep. Upon arriving there she reunites","title":"The Wizard of Oz (TV series)"},{"id":"19080613","text":"fire. However, Dorothy counters her assailant with water, causing Zelena to physically melt away. Despite being seemingly dead, Zelena reemerges at the Wizard's Emerald City palace. Glinda offers Dorothy the opportunity to join the sisterhood, but she declines since she only wants to go home. Assuming the Wizard's voice, Zelena sends Dorothy back to Kansas with the silver slippers, and then reveals herself to a shocked Glinda. Zelena reaffirms her goal of changing her own past, and to keep Glinda from finding another sorceress to fulfill the prophecy, she banishes the Witch of the South to the Enchanted Forest. \"","title":"Zelena (Once Upon a Time)"},{"id":"9432224","text":"The Wiz (film) The Wiz is a 1978 American musical adventure fantasy film produced by Universal Pictures and Motown Productions, and released by Universal Pictures on October 24, 1978. A reimagining of L. Frank Baum's classic 1900 children's novel \"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\" featuring an all-black cast, the film was loosely adapted from the 1974 Broadway musical of the same name. It follows the adventures of Dorothy, a shy, twenty-four-year-old Harlem schoolteacher who finds herself magically transported to the urban fantasy Land of Oz, which resembles a drug-induced dream version of New York City. Befriended by a Scarecrow, a","title":"The Wiz (film)"},{"id":"1192302","text":"island. The British colonists claimed the island and quickly settled Bermuda. In May 1610, they set forth for Jamestown, this time arriving at their destination. The children's novel \"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\", written by L. Frank Baum and illustrated by W. W. Denslow, chronicles the adventures of a young girl named Dorothy Gale in the Land of Oz, after being swept away from her Kansas farm home by a tornado. The story was originally published by the George M. Hill Company in Chicago on May 17, 1900 and has since been reprinted numerous times, most often under the name","title":"Storm"},{"id":"1622256","text":"to Coxey's Army. In the novel, Dorothy, the Scarecrow (the American farmer), Tin Woodman (the industrial worker), and Cowardly Lion (William Jennings Bryan), march on the yellow brick road to the Emerald City, the Capital (or Washington, D.C.), demanding relief from the Wizard, who is interpreted to be the President. Dorothy's shoes (made of silver in the book, not the familiar ruby that is depicted in the movie) are interpreted to symbolize using free silver instead of the gold standard (the road of yellow brick) because the shortage of gold precipitated the Panic of 1893. In the film adaptation of","title":"Coxey's Army"},{"id":"12447845","text":"power is channeled (rather inexpertly) through the staff Thrysos. The transformation is rather embarrassing, as it involves Mara being momentarily nude and various men are always apt to spot her. It is yet to be revealed if these boots will help Mara return home. The shoes are shown in the DC comics Vertigo series \"Fables\". Dorothy, who's portrayed as a cold, merciless assassin, found that she enjoyed killing after being hired by the Wizard to kill the Witch of the West. However, she loses them on the way back to Kansas over the Deadly Desert, and goes to great lengths","title":"Silver Shoes"},{"id":"9432232","text":"from the original story). They attempt to put Dorothy, Toto and the Lion into an eternal sleep with magic poppy perfume. Finally reaching the Emerald City (an analogue of the real-life World Trade Center plaza), the quintet gains passage into the city because of Dorothy's ownership of the silver slippers. They marvel at the spectacle of the city and its sophisticated, fashion-forward dancers. They are granted an audience with the Wiz, who lives at the very top of the Towers. He appears to them as a giant fire-breathing metallic head. He will only grant their wishes if they kill the","title":"The Wiz (film)"},{"id":"2946305","text":"the Nome King's mouth. Due to eggs being toxic to Nomes, the Nome King and his subterranean kingdom crumble to pieces all around Dorothy and her friends. Dorothy finds the ruby slippers and wishes she and her friends be returned to a restored Emerald City. There, they mourn the loss of Tik-Tok until Billina notices a green medal stuck to one of the Gump's antlers; Dorothy uses one more \"guess\" and Tik-Tok materializes. At a celebration, Dorothy is asked to be Queen of Oz but refuses, realizing she must return to Kansas eventually. She learns that the girl who helped","title":"Return to Oz"},{"id":"12447843","text":"to obtain them. Using the Silver Slippers again she returns to Oz and dethrones the Wizard. In \"Kansas\" the Slippers appear again, as Zelena, posing as the Wizard of Oz, gives Dorothy the Silver Slippers in order to send her back to Kansas, in the hopes that it would keep Dorothy from becoming a powerful witch herself, and from defeating and replacing Zelena as the Witch of the West. In \"Our Decay\", an adult Dorothy has returned to Oz via the Slippers to face down Zelena and rescue the Scarecrow from her. In \"Ruby Slippers\", the Silver Slippers appear one","title":"Silver Shoes"},{"id":"12627175","text":"The Wizard of Oz (1993 video game) The Wizard of Oz is a Super Nintendo Entertainment System video game which is loosely based on the 1939 film \"The Wizard of Oz\". It was developed by Manley & Associates and published by SETA Corporation in 1993. The object in the game is to defeat the Wicked Witch of the West that is trying to take Dorothy's ruby slippers so that Dorothy can return to Kansas. In this video game adaptation of The Wizard of Oz, Dorthy finds herself traveling in never-before-seen locations. These include Shy Village, Gamboge Gorge, Maize Meadow, Saffron","title":"The Wizard of Oz (1993 video game)"},{"id":"4783197","text":"of the magical Silver Shoes, given to her as a loving gift by her father, and later enchanted by Glinda (in the musical adaptation, the bewitched shoes are Elphaba's doing). Upon being enchanted, the shoes turn into the more famous Ruby Slippers. These shoes allow Nessarose to walk and stand without assistance, and leave her overly confident and more proud, which only fuels her tyrannical reign over the Munchkins. It is Elphaba's quest to retrieve Nessarose's shoes from Dorothy that causes her demise, as she becomes obsessed with obtaining the objects that have always existed as a symbol of neglect","title":"Nessarose"},{"id":"5064290","text":"young, Glinda (Wendy Thatcher) refers to the Good Witch of the North as her sister. Glinda, along with her other good witch counterpart, appear in a little-known 1995 version of \"The Wizard of Oz\" made for British television. After the defeat of the Wicked Witch of the West, she reveals to Dorothy (Denise Van Outen) that the Ruby Slippers ended up in the possession of the Wicked Witch of the East after falling off the feet of a previous visitor from over the rainbow (Zöe Salmon, in a cameo appearance) after she wished to go back to where she came","title":"Good Witch of the North"},{"id":"1622088","text":"and Moschino. The \"Arabian\" design was displayed with the designer entries. In the 1990–1991 animated TV series \"The Wizard of Oz\" (produced by DiC Animation City), the ruby slippers' powers are significantly enhanced. Not only do they retain their movie-inspired ability to repel the Wicked Witch of the West's touch, as well as the capability to teleport their user (and an unspecified number of companions) to any location desired, but they also demonstrate numerous other attributes and capabilities as well. Among them are the ability to: In this series, Dorothy remains inexperienced and unfamiliar with the shoes' magic, and as","title":"Ruby slippers"},{"id":"5934609","text":"the film was that Dorothy got herself from Kansas to Oz by clicking her heels in her slippers and saying \"There's no place like Oz\". While the series is mostly based on the 1939 film, there are some issues with the canon of it. In the film, it is largely implied that Oz was a head-trauma-induced delirium, instead of a real place, while in the series it was a real place. The only sequel that depicts Oz as a dream is the 1974 animated film \"Journey Back to Oz\", where Dorothy once again has a head injury before finding herself","title":"The Wizard of Oz (TV series)"},{"id":"2316726","text":"the winged monkeys. She is not afraid of angering the Wicked Witch of the West, as shown when the Witch stole one of Dorothy's slippers, and in retaliation, Dorothy hurled a bucket of water over her, not knowing water was fatal to the witch. She brazenly rebuffs Princess Langwidere's threat to take her head for her collection — \"Well, I b'lieve you won't.\" (Following Anna Laughlin's portrayal of the character in the popular 1903 Broadway version of \"The Wizard of Oz,\" Baum scripts Dorothy to speak in childlike contractions with \"Ozma of Oz\", which she continues to do throughout the","title":"Dorothy Gale"},{"id":"1622090","text":"the Rainbow\". Supposedly an \"Artifact\" – a potentially dangerous and malicious object that grants the wearer dangerous powers – since many artifacts are based on works of fact and fiction. The season 9 episode \"Slumber Party\" of the series \"Supernatural\" features Dorothy and the Wicked Witch. Dorothy, here portrayed as a hard-as-nails fighter, realizes the shoes are the only thing that can kill the seemingly invincible witch. At one point, she admits she never really wore the iconic shoes, having considered it \"tacky\" to wear the shoes of a dead witch. Near the end of the episode, Charlie Bradbury uses","title":"Ruby slippers"},{"id":"9432228","text":"Released by the snowstorm, Dorothy smashes through an electric \"Oz\" sky sign as she descends from the atmosphere, and which falls upon and kills Evermean, the Wicked Witch of the East who rules Munchkinland. As a result, she frees the Munchkins who populate the playground into which she lands; they had been transformed into graffiti by Evermean for painting the playground walls. Dorothy soon meets the Munchkins' main benefactress, Miss One, the Good Witch of the North, a magical \"numbers runner\" who gives Evermean's pretty charmed silver slippers to her by teleporting them onto Dorothy's feet. However, Dorothy declares she","title":"The Wiz (film)"},{"id":"4588204","text":"the South (Miss Piggy), who tells her that if she clicks her heels together three times, she will be able to go anywhere she desires, contrary to how the Good Witch of the North said to get to the Emerald City. She does so, saying \"take me home to Aunt Em\". She is then spun by the slippers' charm into Kansas, and, much to her surprise, she finds out that Kermit was looking for her, saying that she had the best voice they heard on the whole search, and that she has been chosen to go on the Star Hunt.","title":"The Muppets' Wizard of Oz"},{"id":"6958726","text":"soul flies on sunshine to Heaven, where no one mentions the red shoes. Andersen named the story's anti-heroine Karen after his own loathed half-sister, Karen Marie Andersen. The origins of the story is based on an incident Andersen witnessed as a small child. His father, who was a shoemaker, was sent a piece of red silk by a rich lady to make a pair of dancing slippers for her daughter. Using some red leather along with the silk, he carefully created a pair of shoes only for the rich customer to tell him they were awful. She said he had","title":"The Red Shoes (fairy tale)"},{"id":"2946306","text":"her escape the hospital is Princess Ozma, Jack's long-lost creator, and the rightful ruler of Oz, who had been enchanted by Mombi at the Nome King's request. Ozma forgives the no-longer-magical Mombi. She takes her place on the throne and Dorothy hands over the ruby slippers. Billina opts to stay in Oz. Ozma sends Dorothy home, promising that Dorothy is welcome to return. Back in Kansas, Dorothy's family finds her on a riverbank. Aunt Em reveals that Worley's hospital was struck by lightning and burned down, and Worley died trying to save his machines. They see Nurse Wilson locked in","title":"Return to Oz"},{"id":"2490482","text":"all of Oz (\"Don't Nobody Bring Me No Bad News\"). Receiving word of Dorothy and her friends approaching, she sends her Winged Monkeys to kill them (\"Funky Monkeys\"). Catching up to the group in the forest surrounding Evillene's castle, the monkeys dash the Tin Man against rocks until he falls apart, and rip the straw out of the Scarecrow, leaving both of them helpless. Seeing Dorothy's silver slippers, however, they dare not harm her. Instead, they carry her to Evillene's castle along with the Lion. While searching for a way to get the slippers from Dorothy, Evillene forces her and","title":"The Wiz"},{"id":"1622070","text":"his \"Los Angeles Times\" article, \"all the ruby slippers are between Size 5 and 6, varying between B and D widths.\" The four surviving pairs were made from white silk pumps from the Innes Shoe Company in Los Angeles. At the time, many movie studios used plain white silk shoes because they were inexpensive and easy to dye. It is likely that most of the shoes worn by female characters in \"The Wizard of Oz\" were plain Innes shoes with varying heel heights, dyed to match each costume. There is an embossed gold or silver stamp or an embroidered cloth","title":"Ruby slippers"},{"id":"3642222","text":"from Winfield, Kansas, a farm girl, and a reference to Dorothy Gale as played by Judy Garland in the 1939 classic movie \"The Wizard of Oz\" (occasionally wearing Dorothy's ubiquitous pigtails and a gingham dress). She was traveling alone on the \"three-hour tour\", which she had won in a contest, that was lost at sea, and was in her late teens to early twenties — an age which she pinpoints in the season 2, episode 30 \"V for Vitamins\" when she says, \"Women and children first, so I get two votes.\" She tells the others in season 2, episode 18,","title":"Mary Ann Summers"},{"id":"7139614","text":"by L. Frank Baum. The first story arc is an adaptation of the first Oz book, \"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\". It follows the adventures of Dorothy, an orphan girl living out in the gray prairies of Kansas with her Aunt Em, her Uncle Henry and her dog Toto. One day, After Em and Uncle Henry leave Dorothy and Toto alone in order to travel into town. A tornado appears, uproots the farmhouse, with Dorothy and Toto inside, and transports it to the Land of Oz. In Oz Dorothy meets the Good Witch of the North, who tells her that","title":"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (1986 TV series)"},{"id":"12447831","text":"body, but rather brought by Toto from her dwelling (a dark cave). This was possibly done to avert the problem of a person wearing the shoes to be impossible to harm, since in that book the hurricane is created by the Wicked Witch to destroy mankind, and redirected upon her by the Good Witch of the North, who suffers no ill effects for harming her. It is said the Witch only wore the shoes on very special occasions. They are lost just like in Baum's book. In Roger S. Baum's \"Dorothy of Oz\" (1989), Glinda recovers the silver shoes and","title":"Silver Shoes"},{"id":"1622073","text":"close-up or insert shoes, is in best shape of all, appears to be better made, has no orange felt on the soles and has \"#7 Judy Garland\" written in the lining. According to the Library of Congress, \"it is widely believed that they were used primarily for close-ups and possibly the climactic scene where Dorothy taps her heels together.\" Circular scuff marks on the soles support the theory that they were the ones Garland had on when she clicked her heels together. The lack of felt indicates these were likely also the shoes taken from the feet of the dead","title":"Ruby slippers"},{"id":"6852377","text":"and the silver shoes Dorothy inherits from the Wicked Witch of the East represents the pro-silver movement. When Dorothy is taken to the Emerald Palace before her audience with the Wizard she is led through seven passages and up three flights of stairs, a subtle reference to the [ Coinage Act of 1873 ] which started the class conflict in America.” Historian Quentin Taylor sees additional metaphors, including: Taylor also claimed a sort of iconography for the cyclone: it was used in the 1890s as a metaphor for a political revolution that would transform the drab country into a land","title":"Political interpretations of The Wonderful Wizard of Oz"},{"id":"1622085","text":"by a British family, who sold them to prominent Oz collector Willard Carroll in a 2001 eBay auction. The Western Costume Company in Hollywood claims to have made Garland's original slippers. While it is likely that Western would have been contracted to make some of \"The Wizard of Oz\"'s many costumes, no records of the original slippers exist to either validate or disprove their claim. In 1989, to commemorate the movie's 50th anniversary, Western produced the only authorized reproductions. Hand-lasted on Judy Garland's original foot mold and completely sequined and jeweled, the reproduction slippers were nearly identical to the originals.","title":"Ruby slippers"},{"id":"7301088","text":"Tin Woodman, called Rusty, by turning herself into a Tin Woman, and dropping him into a pond where he rusted over again. She has also stolen the medal that belonged to the Cowardly Lion, called Dandy, and turned it into a daisy, and is planning to get Dorothy's silver shoes again. Dorothy sets off to find her friends, without knowing the Wicked Witch is watching them in her Crystal Ball. She finds and oils Rusty who has rusted after the Witch tricked him. They find Socrates in a corn field on a pole scaring crows again and get him down.","title":"Return to Oz (1964 film)"},{"id":"9432229","text":"doesn't want the shoes and desperately just wants to get home to Aunt Em. Miss One urges her to follow the yellow brick road to the Emerald City and seek the help of the mysterious \"Wizard\" who she believes holds the power to send Dorothy back to Harlem. After telling her to never take the silver shoes off, Miss One and the Munchkins disappear and Dorothy is left to search for the road on her own. The next morning, Dorothy happens upon a Scarecrow made of garbage and rags, and befriends him after saving him from being viciously teased and","title":"The Wiz (film)"},{"id":"11795134","text":"home. \"Codename: Dorothy.\" Once an ordinary schoolgirl from Seoul, Korea, Mara is the only person able to see the strange “yellow brick road”, and as such, is often mistaken for the legendary “Dorothy” by the majority of Oz's occupants. Despite the assumption by many that she is, indeed, Dorothy, Mara often reacts loudly and protestingly to being called as such, shouting, “My name is Mara...Mara Shin!” By stomping her boots (given to her by Selluriah, the Witch of the East), she can turn into a witch. She is the owner of both the witch's boots (obviously the manhwa's version of","title":"Dorothy of Oz (manhwa)"},{"id":"12447841","text":"the West's magical attacks, and temporarily reduce her to his servant. This once again demonstrates that the shoes' users need not be a skilled/knowledgeable spellcaster, in order to gain great power. The Cowardly Lion also gets to wear them briefly. In the \"Once Upon a Time\" television series, the Silver Slippers are first alluded to in \"The Doctor\", when Rumpelstiltskin sends the Mad Hatter to the Land of Oz in order to locate and retrieve the shoes so that he could travel to the Land without Magic in order to locate his lost son Balefire. In \"It's Not Easy Being","title":"Silver Shoes"},{"id":"2499456","text":"Emerald City The Emerald City (sometimes called the City of Emeralds) is the capital city of the fictional Land of Oz in L. Frank Baum's Oz books, first described in \"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\" (1900). Located in the center of the Land of Oz, the Emerald City is the end of the famous yellow brick road, which starts in Munchkin Country. In the center of the Emerald City is the Royal Palace of Oz. In the first book, \"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\" (1900), the walls are green, but the city itself is not. However, when they enter, everyone","title":"Emerald City"},{"id":"2566281","text":"Munchkin A Munchkin is a native of the fictional Munchkin Country in the Oz books by American author L. Frank Baum. They first appear in the classic children's novel \"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\" (1900) where they welcome Dorothy Gale to their city in Oz. The Munchkins are described as being the same height as Dorothy and they wear only shades of blue clothing, as blue is the Munchkins' favorite color. Blue is also the predominating color that officially represents the eastern quadrant in the Land of Oz. The Munchkins have appeared in various media, including the 1939 film \"The","title":"Munchkin"},{"id":"12447830","text":"that the shoes are gone, having fallen off during her flight and landing somewhere in the Deadly Desert. Though they are mentioned several times in sequels, they never appear again in the original series. In Alexander Melentyevich Volkov's \"The Wizard of the Emerald City\" (1939), the Silver shoes or Serebryaniye bashmachki as they are called in the manuscript, are the source of Elly's (his version of Dorothy) protection instead of the good Witch's kiss. She is therefore attacked once by an Ogre when removing them, and afterward wears them even when she sleeps. They are not taken from the Witch's","title":"Silver Shoes"},{"id":"19514130","text":"surface, and the Wizard arrives shortly thereafter, having managed to tame the flying monkeys that got glued to his balloon with one of his magic potions that made giant bananas for them. With Oz safe once more, the Wizard returns to a formal position in the Emerald City while still leaving the Scarecrow, Tin Man, and Lion in charge, and after Dorothy asks about the ruby slippers, only to learn from Glinda that she's earned the right to keep them permanently, along with the Wizard adding on that she'll need them to visit them in Oz again often, Dorothy takes","title":"Tom and Jerry: Back to Oz"},{"id":"18025803","text":"it turns out that Zelena was the evil threat all along. Glinda then offers Dorothy a chance to join the council of witches, but Dorothy turns her down and says she's sorry and wants to go home. Glinda tells her that the Wizard (who she believes has returned to his normal form) will return her to Kansas. When they arrive to the Wizard's palace, Glinda and Dorothy arrive to see the unseen Wizard, who then grants Dorothy her wish by giving her a pair of silver slippers and disappears back to her world. However, after Dorothy disappears, Glinda discovers that","title":"Kansas (Once Upon a Time)"},{"id":"2888757","text":"helping them see that the attributes they sought (brains, heart, courage) were already within them. He then offers to take Dorothy and Toto home in his hot air balloon. As Dorothy and the Wizard prepare to depart, Toto jumps off and Dorothy goes to catch him, so the balloon leaves with only the Wizard. Glinda appears and tells Dorothy that the Ruby Slippers will take her home. Following Glinda's instructions, Dorothy taps her heels together three times and repeats, \"There's no place like home\". Dorothy wakes up in Kansas surrounded by her family and friends. Everyone dismisses her adventure as","title":"The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)"},{"id":"15020802","text":"is unhappy with his empty tin chest (\"If I Only Had a Heart\") and invite him to join them. The Wicked Witch of the West threatens to light the Scarecrow on fire unless Dorothy gives her the ruby slippers; Dorothy refuses. In the dark forest, they encounter a very unhappy Lion, afraid of his own tail (\"If I Only Had the Nerve\"). He too joins the group on the road to the Emerald City. Emerging into the light, the friends encounter another obstacle. The Wicked Witch has cast a spell creating a huge field of poppies that puts Dorothy and","title":"The Wizard of Oz (2011 musical)"},{"id":"16032682","text":"a river if Dorothy refuses to give her the slippers. Although she complies, the Witch is shocked when she tries to take them off. When she remembers that the slippers won't come off as long as Dorothy is alive, the Witch places an hourglass, stating that Dorothy has only hours to live. Tom and Jerry manage to free Toto, who escapes from the castle to get help. Jerry is seen by the Witch and thrown through a window with Tom. They encounter two of the Witch's guards, Droopy and Butch, who accidentally mention the Witch's weakness is water. A chase","title":"Tom and Jerry and the Wizard of Oz"},{"id":"6852376","text":"people (and even the Good Witches) into believing he is benevolent, wise, and powerful when really he is a selfish, evil humbug. He sends Dorothy into severe danger hoping she will rid him of his enemy the Wicked Witch of the West. He is powerless and, as he admits to Dorothy, \"I'm a very bad Wizard\". Hugh Rockoff suggested in 1990 that the novel was an allegory about the demonetization of silver in 1873, whereby “the cyclone that carried Dorothy to the Land of Oz represents the economic and political upheaval, the yellow brick road stands for the gold standard,","title":"Political interpretations of The Wonderful Wizard of Oz"},{"id":"2888765","text":"I'll miss you most of all.\" In his book \"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\", Baum describes Kansas as being \"in shades of gray\". Further, Dorothy lived inside a farmhouse which had its paint blistered and washed away by the weather, giving it an air of grayness. The house and property were situated in the middle of a sweeping prairie where the grass was burnt gray by harsh sun. Aunt Em and Uncle Henry were \"gray with age\". Effectively, the use of monochrome sepia tones for the Kansas sequences was a stylistic choice that evoked the dull and gray countryside. Much","title":"The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)"},{"id":"2888753","text":"She awakens to see various figures fly by, including Miss Gulch, who transforms into a witch on a broomstick. The house lands in Munchkinland in the Land of Oz. Glinda the Good Witch of the North and the Munchkins welcome her as a heroine, as the falling house has killed the Wicked Witch of the East; only the witch's legs and the ruby slippers on her feet are visible. Her sister, the Wicked Witch of the West, arrives to claim the slippers, but Glinda transports them onto Dorothy's feet first. The Wicked Witch of the West swears revenge on Dorothy","title":"The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)"},{"id":"9569658","text":"the city's brilliancy). Her character is strictly referred to as \"\"the pretty green girl\"\" in this story, and her youthfulness and kindness are emphasized by Baum. She is finally introduced by name in the second Oz book \"The Marvelous Land of Oz\" (1904), where Baum elaborates more about her appearance in detail. She often wears a green silk knee-length skirt, matching silk stockings embroidered with peapods, and green satin slippers with bunches of fresh lettuce for decorations instead of bows or buckles. All around her silken waist four leaf clovers are delicately sewn into the sash and she wears a","title":"Jellia Jamb"},{"id":"3655744","text":"when she shares a bonding moment with her child. During the Dark Siege of Storybrooke, Zelena plans to take Regina's place in Storybrooke including her office. After claiming full custody of her baby, Zelena is transported by Regina (using the Apprentice's Wand) back to Oz, and she claimed they will see each other again. On Zelena's return to Oz, she confronts Dorothy, who is currently in possession of the silver slippers which can transport her to any realm. She holds Dorothy's dog, Toto, hostage in exchange for the shoes. Dorothy tries to knock Zelena out with poppy powder, but before","title":"Wicked Witch of the West"},{"id":"11795135","text":"the ruby slippers) and Thyrsos, a magical glove that when summoned turns into a staff. Thyrsos was previously owned by the Wizard of Oz. Although she lacks the knowledge and experience to use it correctly, when enraged it has been shown that she is capable of mass destruction. It is worth noting that whenever Mara uses the Yellow Brick Road, it is irrelevant where it is positioned: it might go right through a wall and she can cross it as long as she is walking on it, but any pursuer will be unable to find her. The only evidence are","title":"Dorothy of Oz (manhwa)"},{"id":"5934606","text":"to learn to believe in oneself. To combat the idea that the slippers would provide Dorothy with ultimate power against the Witch, they didn't always work correctly, apparently because she wasn't entirely sure how to use them. They often didn't do exactly as she asked, acting unpredictably. In the second episode, she clicks her heels four times to correct the Witch's damage to the Emerald City, as to imply that a fourth click has more power than three. Glinda often told her to only use them as a last resort. Similarly, the Wicked Witch's crystal ball was unpredictable, often only","title":"The Wizard of Oz (TV series)"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"id\": \"1622065\",\n \"text\": \"of 2018. In L. Frank Baum's original novel, \\\"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\\\" (1900), on which the film is based, Dorothy wears Silver Shoes. However, the color of the shoes was changed to red in order to take full advantage of the new Technicolor film process being used in big-budget Hollywood films of that era. Film screenwriter Noel Langley is credited with the idea. In the MGM film, an adolescent farm girl named Dorothy (played by Judy Garland), her dog Toto, and their farmhouse are swept away from Kansas by a tornado and taken to the magical Land of Oz.\",\n \"title\": \"Ruby slippers\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2895694\",\n \"text\": \"given shortly after her unexpected arrival when her farmhouse landed on and killed the previous pair's owner, the Wicked Witch of the East. After knocking her heels together three times and wishing to return home, Dorothy is lifted into the air and transported to Kansas. The shoes however, slip off of Dorothy's feet and are lost forever in the desert. Baum states the silver shoes are never recovered. In the 1939 film the shoes are changed to Ruby Slippers. When Dorothy clicks her heels together she closes her eyes and says: \\\"\\\"There's no place like home\\\"\\\". She then wakes up\",\n \"title\": \"Land of Oz\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4210654\",\n \"text\": \"rise from the ashes some day: \\\"\\\"And there the wicked old Witch stayed for a good long time.\\\"\\\"<br> \\\"\\\"And did she ever come out?\\\"\\\"<br> \\\"\\\"Not yet.\\\"\\\" L. Frank Baum wrote of silver shoes in his novels. These were changed to Ruby slippers for the 1939 movie, because red showed up better on screen than silver, when the filmmakers decided to use the new Technicolor film process when making The Wizard of Oz. In 2003, the novel was adapted as the Broadway musical \\\"Wicked\\\". The musical was produced by Universal Pictures and directed by Joe Mantello, with musical staging by Wayne\",\n \"title\": \"Wicked (Maguire novel)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12447836\",\n \"text\": \"slippers. This was cut from the final filming of the movie. In \\\"The Muppets' Wizard of Oz\\\", the Silver Shoes are portrayed as sparkling, bejeweled, glittery Manolo Blahnik high-heels. The laws of ownership are again displayed in that the Witch of the West tries to cut off Dorothy's feet to obtain the shoes. Once again the shoes remain on Dorothy's feet when she arrives home. When first seen on the feet of the Witch of the East in the 1986 anime version, they are brown peasant's shoes. When the Witch of the North then magically transfers them to Dorothy's feet,\",\n \"title\": \"Silver Shoes\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12447827\",\n \"text\": \"Silver Shoes The Silver Shoes are the magical shoes that appear in L. Frank Baum's 1900 novel \\\"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\\\" as heroine Dorothy Gale's transport home. They are originally owned by the Wicked Witch of the East but passed to Dorothy when her house lands on the Witch. As gathered from the clues throughout the various books and films, the Silver Shoes will only pass to a new owner if they have physically defeated the previous owner, or the previous owner willingly hands them over. \\\"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\\\" (1900) is the only book in the original\",\n \"title\": \"Silver Shoes\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2298836\",\n \"text\": \"to the derelict Emerald City, ruled by Princess Mombi (Princess Langwidere in all but name, as well as keeping Ozma as her slave) and her Wheelers. In the second half of the film, Dorothy, Billina, Tik-Tok, Jack Pumpkinhead, and the Gump traveled to the Nome King's mountain, to rescue the Scarecrow from the King's ornament collection, which were emerald green unlike the book’s royal purple. The 1939 film \\\"The Wizard of Oz\\\"'s famous ruby slippers were used in place of the magic belt. The 1986 anime adaptation of the first novel included this story. It was later shortened and edited\",\n \"title\": \"Ozma of Oz\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3663703\",\n \"text\": \"Wicked Witch of the East The Wicked Witch of the East is a fictional character created by American author L. Frank Baum. She is a crucial character but appears only briefly in Baum's classic children's series of \\\"Oz\\\" novels, most notably \\\"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\\\" (1900). The Wicked Witch was a middle aged, malevolent woman who conquered and tyrannized the Munchkin Country in Oz's eastern quadrant, forcing the native Munchkins to slave for her night and day. Her charmed Silver Shoes (famously changed to magic ruby slippers in the 1939 film musical) held many mysterious powers and were her\",\n \"title\": \"Wicked Witch of the East\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20071372\",\n \"text\": \"Dorothy and the Wizard of Oz Dorothy and the Wizard of Oz is an American animated children's television series based on L. Frank Baum's novel \\\"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\\\" and its subsequent books, as well as its 1939 film adaptation. The series debuted on Boomerang SVOD on June 29, 2017. The series was picked up for a second and third season. After the Wicked Witch of the West was melted by water, Queen Ozma has appointed Dorothy Gale the Princess of Emerald City. With her feet firmly grounded in her ruby slippers, Dorothy tackles her royal duties with enthusiasm,\",\n \"title\": \"Dorothy and the Wizard of Oz\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6852384\",\n \"text\": \"Oz].\\\" Kassinger, in her book \\\"Gold: From Greek Myth to Computer Chips\\\", purports that \\\"The Wizard symbolizes bankers who support the gold standard and oppose adding silver to it... Only Dorothy's \\\"silver\\\" slippers can take her home to Kansas,\\\" meaning that by Dorothy not realizing that she had the silver slippers the whole time, Dorothy, or \\\"the westerners\\\", never realized they already had a viable currency of the people. Political interpretations of The Wonderful Wizard of Oz Political interpretations of \\\"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\\\" include treatments of the modern fairy tale (written by L. Frank Baum and first published\",\n \"title\": \"Political interpretations of The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2499463\",\n \"text\": \"Coronado, influenced its description in later books. Scholars who interpret \\\"The Wizard of Oz\\\" as a political allegory see the Emerald City as a metaphor for Washington, D.C. and unsecured \\\"greenback\\\" paper money. In this reading of the book, the city's illusory splendor and value are compared with the value of paper money, which also has value only because of a shared illusion or convention. Here, Dorothy gains entry to the Emerald City (Washington, D.C.) wearing the witch's silver slippers (the silver standard), taking the Yellow Brick Road (the gold standard), and met the Wizard (President William McKinley), whose power\",\n \"title\": \"Emerald City\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2895695\",\n \"text\": \"in her bedroom in Kansas believing her experience in Oz to be an elaborate dream. The silver shoes and ruby slippers are also used in several other versions including \\\"Wicked\\\" by Gregory Maguire. Here the shoes are constructed as a gift and have a chameleon effect. They are decorated with thousands of glittering glass beads that change colors according to the lighting. They can also appear to be several different colors all at once. The shoes are also lost when Dorothy is teleported back home just like in Baum's novel. The Broadway musical based on Maguire's book further shows that\",\n \"title\": \"Land of Oz\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12447834\",\n \"text\": \"they shock and burn her hands and she cries out in pain. In \\\"The Wiz\\\", the shoes are silver high heels. This movie gives further insight into the shoe's magical protection. When Evillene (the witch of the west) tries to obtain them magically, her fingers are bent painfully backwards. In the anime movie, the shoes are once again transformed into the ruby slippers, though they are never referred to by that name. They are heeled shoes with pointed, slightly curled toes, similar to their appearance in Denslow's illustrations. Unlike the book, the shoes are still on Dorothy's feet when she\",\n \"title\": \"Silver Shoes\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2490474\",\n \"text\": \"Munchkins from her evil powers. Dorothy, distressed and confused, wants only to return home. With her magic unable to take Dorothy beyond the country boundaries, Addaperle decides her best bet is to follow the Yellow Brick Road to the Emerald City in the centre of Oz, to see the great and powerful Wizard of Oz, or \\\"The Wiz\\\" for short (\\\"He's the Wizard\\\"). She gives Dorothy the Witch of the East's silver slippers, and tells her not to take them off before she reaches home, for they hold a mysterious, but very powerful charm that will keep her safe. Dorothy\",\n \"title\": \"The Wiz\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2351099\",\n \"text\": \"sisterhood of witches as the Witch of the West, but is \\\"defeated\\\" by a young girl named Dorothy Gale. Rather than become the new Witch of the West, Dorothy only wishes to go home; a desire Glinda grants by taking her back to see the Wizard, who is presumed to have reverted to his old form since Zelena's magic has been undone. From behind the green curtain, Zelena impersonates the Wizard's voice and gives Dorothy the silver slippers to send her home. Walsh meets Emma Swan and they begin dating. Over the course of eight months, he gets to know\",\n \"title\": \"Wizard of Oz (character)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3663710\",\n \"text\": \"of Oz\\\" and Disney's 2013 theatrical film \\\"Oz the Great and Powerful\\\". Wicked Witch of the East The Wicked Witch of the East is a fictional character created by American author L. Frank Baum. She is a crucial character but appears only briefly in Baum's classic children's series of \\\"Oz\\\" novels, most notably \\\"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\\\" (1900). The Wicked Witch was a middle aged, malevolent woman who conquered and tyrannized the Munchkin Country in Oz's eastern quadrant, forcing the native Munchkins to slave for her night and day. Her charmed Silver Shoes (famously changed to magic ruby slippers\",\n \"title\": \"Wicked Witch of the East\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12447837\",\n \"text\": \"they take on the appearance of white slip-on shoes. When Dorothy is forced to give one of the shoes to the Witch of the West, it reverts to the peasant form. After the Witch is melted and Dorothy is shown wearing it again, it has returned to its white form. The shoes are used twice after they initially send Dorothy home. The first time, she is holding them in her hands when she clicks the heels and drops them. Consequently, Dorothy is transported to Oz and the shoes are left in Kansas (Glinda sends her home). The second time occurs\",\n \"title\": \"Silver Shoes\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12447838\",\n \"text\": \"while Dorothy is sleeping. Tik-Tok is emitting a distress signal and the shoes activate, transporting Dorothy to the Land of Ev in a beam of light. Her clothes are changed in mid flight. In the 1990 \\\"The Wizard of Oz\\\" television series, the Ruby Slippers are used to transport Dorothy back to Oz. They are depicted to possess other powerful magical capabilities that Dorothy did not fully understand, and as such, often served as a form of deus ex machina against hopeless situations. They are no longer depicted as high heels. A unique concept proposed by this series is that\",\n \"title\": \"Silver Shoes\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2332380\",\n \"text\": \"the slippers in the story were instead made of fur (French: \\\"vair\\\"), but this interpretation has since been discredited by folklorists. Derek \\\"The Slipper Man\\\" Fan holds the Guinness World Records record for wearing a pair of dress slippers for 23 years straight as of June 30, 2007. A pair of ruby slippers worn by Judy Garland in \\\"The Wizard of Oz\\\" sold at Christie's in June 1988 for $165,000. The same pair was resold in May 2000 for $666,000. On both occasions they were the most expensive shoes from a film to be sold at auction. \\\"Grandpa's Slippers\\\" is\",\n \"title\": \"Slipper\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2316750\",\n \"text\": \"offer her to take Zelena's place as the Witch of the West, but Dorothy declines; wishing only to return home. With Glinda's help, she is taken to see the Wizard and given a pair of silver slippers to travel to any world. Dorothy thanks the Wizard of Oz (Christopher Gorham) and proceeds to click the slippers' heels three times to send herself home. Only after the girl's departure, Glinda discovers too late that Zelena masqueraded as the Wizard in order to usher Dorothy out of Oz. Upon returning to Kansas, Dorothy tells her family about her experiences in Oz. However,\",\n \"title\": \"Dorothy Gale\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1622064\",\n \"text\": \"Ruby slippers The ruby slippers are the magic pair of shoes worn by Dorothy Gale as played by Judy Garland in the classic 1939 MGM musical movie \\\"The Wizard of Oz\\\". Because of their iconic stature, the ruby slippers are now considered among the most treasured and valuable items of film memorabilia. As is customary for important props, a number of pairs were made for the film, though the exact number is unknown. Five pairs are known to have survived; one pair was stolen from a museum in Grand Rapids, MN in August 2005 and was finally recovered in September\",\n \"title\": \"Ruby slippers\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12306801\",\n \"text\": \"Out\\\"; \\\"Ding Dong! The Witch Is Dead\\\"). The Wicked Witch of the West (who resembles Miss Gulch) arrives to claim her sister's magic ruby slippers and vows to avenge her death. Glinda has already put the slippers on Dorothy's feet, further infuriating the witch. Dorothy wants to go home to Kansas. The Munchkins tell her that the Wizard of Oz will know what to do (\\\"Follow the Yellow Brick Road\\\"). She starts off towards the Emerald City. Dorothy and Toto meet three strange traveling companions, each of whom needs help: The Scarecrow's head is full of straw (\\\"If I Only\",\n \"title\": \"The Wizard of Oz (1987 musical)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1622094\",\n \"text\": \"Karazhan raid instance. The shoes function similarly to the hearthstone that all characters start out with, allowing them to teleport from their current location to the inn where the hearthstone is set. The caption under the statistic lines, much like in the movie, is \\\"There's no place like home.\\\" The slippers are part of the twelve \\\"Foundation Elements\\\" in the toys-to-life video game \\\"Lego Dimensions\\\". Ruby slippers The ruby slippers are the magic pair of shoes worn by Dorothy Gale as played by Judy Garland in the classic 1939 MGM musical movie \\\"The Wizard of Oz\\\". Because of their iconic\",\n \"title\": \"Ruby slippers\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2895678\",\n \"text\": \"City in the movie uses a much more contemporary Art Deco style than Baum could have imagined. In the book, a giant green wall studded in glittering emeralds surrounds the entire city, whereas in the movie there is only a gate opening. The movie replaces the charmed Silver Shoes with pointed toes of the book with Ruby-Red Slippers. This was because full color motion pictures were still a relatively new technology in 1939, and MGM wanted to show off the visually dazzling process. Shiny red shoes were more impressive in a color motion picture compared to silver ones. Due to\",\n \"title\": \"Land of Oz\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"371819\",\n \"text\": \"and \\\"The Red Shoes\\\". In the movie adaption of the children's book \\\"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\\\", a pair of red ruby slippers play a key role in the plot. The 1985 comedy \\\"The Man with One Red Shoe\\\" features an eccentric man wearing one normal business shoe and one red shoe that becomes central to the plot. Athletic sneaker collection has also existed as a part of urban subculture in the United States for several decades. Recent decades have seen this trend spread to European nations such as the Czech Republic. A Sneakerhead is a person who owns multiple\",\n \"title\": \"Shoe\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4265888\",\n \"text\": \"there is still hope for the future. The film also has references to \\\"the Wizard of Oz\\\", loosely imitating the 1939 movie. A little person instructs Buddy to \\\"follow the yellow brick road\\\". Lost Vegas, seen from the distance, looks like the Emerald City. Death is obsessed with a specific object, Buddy's guitar pick, much like the Wicked Witch trying to get Dorothy's red slippers. Finally, Death is killed when sprayed with water, as was the Wicked Witch. When Buddy dies, his body disappears, leaving only his clothes for the kid to take, again like the Wicked Witch. \\\"Six-String Samurai:\",\n \"title\": \"Six-String Samurai\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12447844\",\n \"text\": \"last time, enabling travel between the Underworld and Oz so that Ruby (Red Riding Hood) can rescue Dorothy from a sleeping curse Zelena has placed her under. Zelena, who is trying to change her ways gives the Slippers over to the heroes so Ruby and Snow White can make their way back to Oz. The \\\"Dorothy of Oz\\\" series completely revamps the Silver Shoes. They are instead depicted as red boots created by Selluriah, the Witch of the East. When Mara (codename Dorothy) stomps the heels of said boots, she takes on the form and powers of a witch. This\",\n \"title\": \"Silver Shoes\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2888830\",\n \"text\": \"film based on interviews and research; it was updated in 1989. Because of their iconic stature, the ruby slippers worn by Judy Garland in the film are now among the most treasured and valuable film memorabilia in movie history. The silver slippers that Dorothy wore in the book series were changed to ruby to take advantage of the new Technicolor process. Adrian, MGM's chief costume designer, was responsible for the final design. There are five known pairs of the ruby slippers in existence. After filming, the slippers were stored among the studio's extensive collection of costumes and faded from attention.\",\n \"title\": \"The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2490480\",\n \"text\": \"prevent their eyes from being blinded by the dazzling sights. They enter the city and look about in awe at the richly dressed people that inhabit it (\\\"Emerald City Ballet\\\"). The haughty and condescending people laugh and ridicule this odd party for wanting to see the Wizard until they see that Dorothy is wearing the Witch of the East's silver slippers. They are promptly shown right into his palace. Once in the throne room, they are assaulted by a great show of lights, smoke, and pyrotechnics as the Wizard appears in several forms before them (\\\"So You Wanted To See\",\n \"title\": \"The Wiz\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6852383\",\n \"text\": \"both her own sister witch (Witch of the West) and the Wizard of Oz, leaving herself as undisputed master of all four corners of Oz: North, East, West and South (and presumably the Emerald City). She even showed her truest \\\"Machiavellian brilliance\\\" by allowing the story to be entitled after the weakest of her three opponents. Glinda could have told Dorothy that the \\\"silver slippers would easily do the job [of returning Dorothy to her beloved home] but decided that a destabilizing force such as Dorothy might be just the thing to shake up her other rival [The Wizard of\",\n \"title\": \"Political interpretations of The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2490481\",\n \"text\": \"the Wizard\\\"). They each plead their case to him, the Tin Man doing so in song (\\\"What Would I Do If I Could Feel?\\\"). He agrees on one condition: they must kill Evillene, the Wicked Witch of the West. With their goals seeming further out of reach than ever before, Dorothy and her companions sink to the floor in tears. Evillene rules over the yellow land of the west, enslaving its people, the Winkies. She is evil, power hungry, and ruthlessly determined to get her hands on the silver slippers, so that she may increase her power and rule over\",\n \"title\": \"The Wiz\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5934607\",\n \"text\": \"working 'once a day'. The episode \\\"Crystal Clear\\\" explains that this was caused by the ball's creator having intentionally stabbed/cracked it with a carving knife, during the witch's theft attempt, in order to prevent her from using its full potential. The Wicked Witch does manage to get the slippers once in the series. However, Truckle manages to steal them from her, and she is unable to use their power to their full advantage. The Cowardly Lion also gets to wear them briefly. The series incorporated visual elements from the 1939 film version, including the Scarecrow's diploma and Dorothy's ruby slippers.\",\n \"title\": \"The Wizard of Oz (TV series)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7139615\",\n \"text\": \"she just killed the Wicked Witch of the East, as her house landed directly on top of her, and by doing so she freed the Munchkins from slavery. She also tells her that the only person able to send her back home is the Wizard of Oz. Dorothy is given the Silver Shoes of the Wicked Witch of the East and sent off along the Yellow Brick Road towards the Emerald City to see the Wonderful Wizard of Oz in hope of getting back to Kansas. On her way to the Wizard, Dorothy meets the Scarecrow, made entirely of straw\",\n \"title\": \"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (1986 TV series)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2316755\",\n \"text\": \"antagonist, Lord Vortech. Lord Vortech imprisons Dorothy and uses the Ruby Slippers as one of the foundation elements needed to create his \\\"perfect world\\\". Whatever becomes of Dorothy after Vortech's demise is up for questioning. Dorothy Gale Dorothy Gale is a fictional character created by American author L. Frank Baum as the main protagonist in many of his \\\"Oz\\\" novels. She first appears in Baum's classic children's novel \\\"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\\\" (1900) and reappears in most of its sequels. In addition, she is the main character in various adaptations, notably the classic 1939 film adaptation of the novel,\",\n \"title\": \"Dorothy Gale\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12447839\",\n \"text\": \"the Ruby Slippers' magic is linked to the glow of their red coloration. Their powers only function while a dim glow of red light emanates from them, initiated by Dorothy clicking her heels; and the effects of their magic immediately cease after the shoes cease to glow. Also, the Wicked Witch was once able to annul their abilities entirely, by capturing a red Luminary (teardrop-shaped creatures who control all color in Oz) and forcing him to drain the red color from the slippers themselves. However the slippers regained their powers after the Luminary escaped. This series also proposes that the\",\n \"title\": \"Silver Shoes\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2316743\",\n \"text\": \"boat who doff their hats to her as well as miscellaneous debris flying by them. Finally, Dorothy saw Miss Almira Gulch, who was going to abduct Toto to the sheriff, fly on her bicycle outside the window, becoming a witch on a broom. As one of the first movies to be filmed in Technicolor, the director had the color of the famous magic slippers changed from silver to red because the Ruby slippers were more visually appealing on film. She is reunited with Aunt Em, Uncle Henry, their three farm workers (Scarecrow, Tin Man, and Cowardly Lion's alter egos), and\",\n \"title\": \"Dorothy Gale\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12447846\",\n \"text\": \"to get them back. She has several encounters with Fabletown spy Cinderella, which climaxes with them facing off in the mini-series \\\"Cinderella: Fables Are Forever\\\". After deducing that they are actually too big to fit Dorothy, Cinderella takes them and pushes her out of an airship over the Deadly Desert to her apparent death, though her body is not seen. Cinderella then looks over the shoes and decides they're just the right size to fit her. Silver Shoes The Silver Shoes are the magical shoes that appear in L. Frank Baum's 1900 novel \\\"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\\\" as heroine\",\n \"title\": \"Silver Shoes\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3655722\",\n \"text\": \"original novel. She demands the Munchkins reveal who killed her sister, not long after Dorothy's arrival in Oz. She is described by Glinda the Good Witch of the North, not the South as in the book, as \\\"worse than the other one\\\". She actively seeks revenge against Dorothy for killing her sister, even though it was \\\"accidental\\\". However, as soon as the Witch is reminded of the ruby slippers, all interest in her sister's death vanishes and all she cares about are obtaining \\\"her\\\" slippers, which will enable her to conquer Oz. She is more menacing than her literary counterpart,\",\n \"title\": \"Wicked Witch of the West\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12447842\",\n \"text\": \"Green\\\", shortly before \\\"The Doctor\\\", Zelena, the woman who would eventually become the Wicked Witch of the West, goes to the Wizard in order to seek out her family. Upon discovering that she was abandoned by her mother, Cora, and that her half-sister, Regina became Queen and was being trained by Rumpelstiltskin, the Wizard gives Zelena the shoes so that she can travel to the Enchanted Forest to try and replace Regina as Rumpelstiltskin's student. Upon being rejected by him, Zelena turns green with envy. She mocks Rumpelstiltskin with the power of the Silver Slippers, thus causing his later desire\",\n \"title\": \"Silver Shoes\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1622066\",\n \"text\": \"The house falls on and kills the Wicked Witch of the East, freeing the Munchkins from her tyranny. Glinda the Good Witch of the North arrives via magic bubble and shows Dorothy the dead woman's two feet visibly sticking out from under the house wearing the ruby slippers. When the Wicked Witch of the West comes to claim her dead sister's shoes, Glinda magically transfers them to Dorothy's feet. Glinda tells Dorothy to keep tight inside of them and never take them off, as the slippers must be very powerful or the Wicked Witch would not want them so badly.\",\n \"title\": \"Ruby slippers\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17942109\",\n \"text\": \"owned the rights to adapt all of Baum's books except \\\"The Wizard of Oz\\\", but this did not matter because by 1985 both \\\"The Land of Oz\\\" and \\\"Ozma of Oz\\\" were in the public domain. The only element that \\\"Return to Oz\\\" used from the 1939 movie was the ruby slippers – in the book, the slippers were silver. The ruby slippers had become so iconic due to the MGM movie, Disney paid handsomely for the rights to use them. The 2013 film \\\"Oz the Great and Powerful\\\" was technically a prequel to the 1939 movie, but it was\",\n \"title\": \"Copyright status of The Wizard of Oz and related works in the United States\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12990990\",\n \"text\": \"1939 film are clearly labelled as being from the Innes Shoe Company in Los Angeles. On their website, Anello & Davide simply state they have been \\\"called upon to create unforgettable cinema icons - such as Dorothy's unforgettable red slippers \\\"The Wizard of Oz\\\".\\\". It is more probable that the firm provided the plain red leather shoes with Louis heels that were customised for the 1985 film \\\"Return To Oz\\\", or at the very least, made replicas for stage productions. It takes an average of six months to make each pair of custom shoes using a cast of the client's\",\n \"title\": \"Anello & Davide\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16032680\",\n \"text\": \"Glinda, gave the witch's Ruby slippers to Dorothy, but the Wicked Witch of the West appeared and swore to claim the slippers for herself. Glinda sent down Dorothy the Yellow Brick Road to reach the Emerald City and find the famed Wizard of Oz in order to get back home. Tuffy advises them not to follow, but Tom and Jerry keep their promise to protect her and insist on following her. Tuffy wishes to be taller, so he decides to accompany them as he wants to see the Wizard as well. Tom, Jerry, and Tuffy soon reunite with Dorothy and\",\n \"title\": \"Tom and Jerry and the Wizard of Oz\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8019461\",\n \"text\": \"the previous single, \\\"Saturday Night's Alright for Fighting\\\", in sales and popularity quickly following its release. In the US, it was certified Gold on 4 January 1974 and Platinum on 13 September 1995 by the RIAA. The Yellow Brick Road is an image taken from the 1939 film adaptation of Lyman Frank Baum's \\\"The Wizard of Oz\\\". In that film, Dorothy and her three misfit friends are instructed to follow the yellow brick road in search of the Wizard of Oz, only to find that they had what they were looking for all along. The road leads to the Emerald\",\n \"title\": \"Goodbye Yellow Brick Road (song)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1622067\",\n \"text\": \"Throughout the rest of the film, the Wicked Witch schemes to obtain the shoes. When she captures Dorothy, she tries to take the slippers, but receives a painful shock. The Wicked Witch then realizes that the slippers will only come off if the wearer is dead, so she decides to kill Dorothy. Before she does, however, Dorothy accidentally splashes her with a bucket of water, causing her to melt away. At the end, it is revealed that Dorothy can return home by simply closing her eyes, clicking the heels of the slippers together three times and repeating the phrase, \\\"There's\",\n \"title\": \"Ruby slippers\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7301091\",\n \"text\": \"gives her and Dandy the slippers. Dorothy, who is being held upside-down from the window, tells Dandy that he will turn to stone if he takes them, but he takes them anyway without being turned to stone. The Witch takes them only to be turned into stone, crumble, and fall apart. The gang returns to the Emerald City, only to find out that the Wizard is, after all, a humbug, unable as he always was to return Dorothy home. Glinda appears to tell Dorothy the reason that her friends didn't turn to stone was because they had brains, a heart,\",\n \"title\": \"Return to Oz (1964 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12447840\",\n \"text\": \"slippers do not necessarily have to be on the user's feet for their powers to work, as Dorothy once used them by tapping the heels together when she held the shoes in her hands (since the ground's sandy surface prevented her from clicking the heels together). Also worth noting in a single episode, is that Truckle, the series' lead Flying Monkey, was once able to wear the Ruby Slippers and thus utilize their powerful magic for his own whims. Even with his generally dim wits and reckless disregard, the slippers gave him sufficient power to overwhelm the Wicked Witch of\",\n \"title\": \"Silver Shoes\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8508789\",\n \"text\": \"after Dorothy for her silver platform heels (a reference to the book version of \\\"The Wizard of Oz\\\" where Dorothy's shoes were silver instead of red as seen in the 1939 film version with Judy Garland). The Wiz then quotes \\\"Shut up Witch\\\" as the witch ends up getting doused with Cristal by the Wiz and melts. Afterwards, the party resumes. After the last line of the song, the video cuts back to the woman standing in line, being insulted by the doorman and when he turns his back, the woman sneaks into Brick City unnoticed, with the Wiz's voice\",\n \"title\": \"Oooh.\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2946296\",\n \"text\": \"Wizard of Oz\\\" and also borrows a few elements of it such as the ruby slippers. The plot focuses on an insomniac Dorothy, who returns to the Land of Oz only to discover that the entire country and its inhabitants are facing near extinction at the hands of a villainous king who dwells in a neighboring mountain. Upon her second arrival, she, alongside her pet hen, Billina, befriend a group of new companions, including Tik-Tok, Jack Pumpkinhead and the Gump. Together they set out on a quest to save Oz and restore it to its former glory. Development of a\",\n \"title\": \"Return to Oz\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5838356\",\n \"text\": \"through a \\\"frozen cloud.\\\" Stratovania proves more substantial when they reach it; Thompson refers to the place as an \\\"airland\\\" or \\\"skyland,\\\" while the Tin Man calls it an \\\"airosphere.\\\" Its altitude is 101,867 feet; the controlled climate is so benign that the people live under canopies rather than in houses. The locale is described in brilliant terms — The Stratovanians themselves are comparably impressive — Their silver footwear recalls the silver slippers of the Wicked Witch of the East in Baum's first Oz book. Thompson's puns maintain the sky theme: the newspaper Strut reads is a \\\"morning star.\\\" His\",\n \"title\": \"Ozoplaning with the Wizard of Oz\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12447835\",\n \"text\": \"arrives in Kansas. In \\\"Return to Oz\\\", the Ruby Slippers are used once again. In this movie, the slippers have more power than simply transporting people. They allow the Nome King to conquer Oz and turn every one in the Emerald City to stone. Dorothy later uses the shoes to reverse this process. This extra power is due to the fact the slippers replace the Nome King's Magic Belt. In the original draft of the script, the Nome King had refashioned the slippers into the actual Magic Belt from the novels. Upon his death, they reverted into the form of\",\n \"title\": \"Silver Shoes\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12447833\",\n \"text\": \"Nessarose the necessary balance to walk. In the Broadway musical adaption of the book, Elphaba is the one who enchants the shoes. Her spell makes the silver shoes burn red hot, turning them into the ruby slippers. The shoes were absent from the 1925 movie. In the 1939 movie the shoes served the same purpose as in the book but were changed to red by its screenwriter Noel Langley. In fact, he gave a notably different appearance than in Denslow's illustrations. This movie proves that the shoes are magically protected. When the Wicked Witch of the West reaches for them,\",\n \"title\": \"Silver Shoes\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2490487\",\n \"text\": \"land of the south, where they are warmly welcomed and invited to rest after their many trials (\\\"A Rested Body Is a Rested Mind\\\"). Glinda is a beautiful and gracious sorceress, surrounded by a court of pretty girls. She tells Dorothy that the silver slippers have always had the power to take her home, but like her friends, she needed to believe in their magic and in herself before it was possible (\\\"If You Believe\\\"). She bids a tearful goodbye to her friends, and as their faces fade into the darkness, she thinks about what she has gained, lost, and\",\n \"title\": \"The Wiz\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"654676\",\n \"text\": \"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz The Wonderful Wizard of Oz () is an American children's novel written by author L. Frank Baum and illustrated by W. W. Denslow, originally published by the George M. Hill Company in Chicago on May 17, 1900. It has since seen several reprints, most often under the title The Wizard of Oz, which is the title of the popular 1902 Broadway musical adaptation as well as the iconic 1939 musical film adaptation. The story chronicles the adventures of a young farm girl named Dorothy in the magical Land of Oz, after she and her pet\",\n \"title\": \"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5934604\",\n \"text\": \"The Wizard of Oz (TV series) The Wizard of Oz is an animated television series produced by DIC Entertainment in 1990 to capitalize on the popularity of the 1939 film version, to which DiC had acquired the rights from Turner Entertainment, Co.. The series featured thirteen episodes and premiered on ABC, starting on September 8, 1990. It also aired on YTV from 1990 to 1995 in Canada. Reruns aired on Toon Disney from 1998 to 2002. Dorothy has decided to return to Oz with Toto using the ruby slippers that showed up on her doorstep. Upon arriving there she reunites\",\n \"title\": \"The Wizard of Oz (TV series)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19080613\",\n \"text\": \"fire. However, Dorothy counters her assailant with water, causing Zelena to physically melt away. Despite being seemingly dead, Zelena reemerges at the Wizard's Emerald City palace. Glinda offers Dorothy the opportunity to join the sisterhood, but she declines since she only wants to go home. Assuming the Wizard's voice, Zelena sends Dorothy back to Kansas with the silver slippers, and then reveals herself to a shocked Glinda. Zelena reaffirms her goal of changing her own past, and to keep Glinda from finding another sorceress to fulfill the prophecy, she banishes the Witch of the South to the Enchanted Forest. \\\"\",\n \"title\": \"Zelena (Once Upon a Time)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9432224\",\n \"text\": \"The Wiz (film) The Wiz is a 1978 American musical adventure fantasy film produced by Universal Pictures and Motown Productions, and released by Universal Pictures on October 24, 1978. A reimagining of L. Frank Baum's classic 1900 children's novel \\\"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\\\" featuring an all-black cast, the film was loosely adapted from the 1974 Broadway musical of the same name. It follows the adventures of Dorothy, a shy, twenty-four-year-old Harlem schoolteacher who finds herself magically transported to the urban fantasy Land of Oz, which resembles a drug-induced dream version of New York City. Befriended by a Scarecrow, a\",\n \"title\": \"The Wiz (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1192302\",\n \"text\": \"island. The British colonists claimed the island and quickly settled Bermuda. In May 1610, they set forth for Jamestown, this time arriving at their destination. The children's novel \\\"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\\\", written by L. Frank Baum and illustrated by W. W. Denslow, chronicles the adventures of a young girl named Dorothy Gale in the Land of Oz, after being swept away from her Kansas farm home by a tornado. The story was originally published by the George M. Hill Company in Chicago on May 17, 1900 and has since been reprinted numerous times, most often under the name\",\n \"title\": \"Storm\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1622256\",\n \"text\": \"to Coxey's Army. In the novel, Dorothy, the Scarecrow (the American farmer), Tin Woodman (the industrial worker), and Cowardly Lion (William Jennings Bryan), march on the yellow brick road to the Emerald City, the Capital (or Washington, D.C.), demanding relief from the Wizard, who is interpreted to be the President. Dorothy's shoes (made of silver in the book, not the familiar ruby that is depicted in the movie) are interpreted to symbolize using free silver instead of the gold standard (the road of yellow brick) because the shortage of gold precipitated the Panic of 1893. In the film adaptation of\",\n \"title\": \"Coxey's Army\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12447845\",\n \"text\": \"power is channeled (rather inexpertly) through the staff Thrysos. The transformation is rather embarrassing, as it involves Mara being momentarily nude and various men are always apt to spot her. It is yet to be revealed if these boots will help Mara return home. The shoes are shown in the DC comics Vertigo series \\\"Fables\\\". Dorothy, who's portrayed as a cold, merciless assassin, found that she enjoyed killing after being hired by the Wizard to kill the Witch of the West. However, she loses them on the way back to Kansas over the Deadly Desert, and goes to great lengths\",\n \"title\": \"Silver Shoes\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9432232\",\n \"text\": \"from the original story). They attempt to put Dorothy, Toto and the Lion into an eternal sleep with magic poppy perfume. Finally reaching the Emerald City (an analogue of the real-life World Trade Center plaza), the quintet gains passage into the city because of Dorothy's ownership of the silver slippers. They marvel at the spectacle of the city and its sophisticated, fashion-forward dancers. They are granted an audience with the Wiz, who lives at the very top of the Towers. He appears to them as a giant fire-breathing metallic head. He will only grant their wishes if they kill the\",\n \"title\": \"The Wiz (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2946305\",\n \"text\": \"the Nome King's mouth. Due to eggs being toxic to Nomes, the Nome King and his subterranean kingdom crumble to pieces all around Dorothy and her friends. Dorothy finds the ruby slippers and wishes she and her friends be returned to a restored Emerald City. There, they mourn the loss of Tik-Tok until Billina notices a green medal stuck to one of the Gump's antlers; Dorothy uses one more \\\"guess\\\" and Tik-Tok materializes. At a celebration, Dorothy is asked to be Queen of Oz but refuses, realizing she must return to Kansas eventually. She learns that the girl who helped\",\n \"title\": \"Return to Oz\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12447843\",\n \"text\": \"to obtain them. Using the Silver Slippers again she returns to Oz and dethrones the Wizard. In \\\"Kansas\\\" the Slippers appear again, as Zelena, posing as the Wizard of Oz, gives Dorothy the Silver Slippers in order to send her back to Kansas, in the hopes that it would keep Dorothy from becoming a powerful witch herself, and from defeating and replacing Zelena as the Witch of the West. In \\\"Our Decay\\\", an adult Dorothy has returned to Oz via the Slippers to face down Zelena and rescue the Scarecrow from her. In \\\"Ruby Slippers\\\", the Silver Slippers appear one\",\n \"title\": \"Silver Shoes\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12627175\",\n \"text\": \"The Wizard of Oz (1993 video game) The Wizard of Oz is a Super Nintendo Entertainment System video game which is loosely based on the 1939 film \\\"The Wizard of Oz\\\". It was developed by Manley & Associates and published by SETA Corporation in 1993. The object in the game is to defeat the Wicked Witch of the West that is trying to take Dorothy's ruby slippers so that Dorothy can return to Kansas. In this video game adaptation of The Wizard of Oz, Dorthy finds herself traveling in never-before-seen locations. These include Shy Village, Gamboge Gorge, Maize Meadow, Saffron\",\n \"title\": \"The Wizard of Oz (1993 video game)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4783197\",\n \"text\": \"of the magical Silver Shoes, given to her as a loving gift by her father, and later enchanted by Glinda (in the musical adaptation, the bewitched shoes are Elphaba's doing). Upon being enchanted, the shoes turn into the more famous Ruby Slippers. These shoes allow Nessarose to walk and stand without assistance, and leave her overly confident and more proud, which only fuels her tyrannical reign over the Munchkins. It is Elphaba's quest to retrieve Nessarose's shoes from Dorothy that causes her demise, as she becomes obsessed with obtaining the objects that have always existed as a symbol of neglect\",\n \"title\": \"Nessarose\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5064290\",\n \"text\": \"young, Glinda (Wendy Thatcher) refers to the Good Witch of the North as her sister. Glinda, along with her other good witch counterpart, appear in a little-known 1995 version of \\\"The Wizard of Oz\\\" made for British television. After the defeat of the Wicked Witch of the West, she reveals to Dorothy (Denise Van Outen) that the Ruby Slippers ended up in the possession of the Wicked Witch of the East after falling off the feet of a previous visitor from over the rainbow (Zöe Salmon, in a cameo appearance) after she wished to go back to where she came\",\n \"title\": \"Good Witch of the North\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1622088\",\n \"text\": \"and Moschino. The \\\"Arabian\\\" design was displayed with the designer entries. In the 1990–1991 animated TV series \\\"The Wizard of Oz\\\" (produced by DiC Animation City), the ruby slippers' powers are significantly enhanced. Not only do they retain their movie-inspired ability to repel the Wicked Witch of the West's touch, as well as the capability to teleport their user (and an unspecified number of companions) to any location desired, but they also demonstrate numerous other attributes and capabilities as well. Among them are the ability to: In this series, Dorothy remains inexperienced and unfamiliar with the shoes' magic, and as\",\n \"title\": \"Ruby slippers\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5934609\",\n \"text\": \"the film was that Dorothy got herself from Kansas to Oz by clicking her heels in her slippers and saying \\\"There's no place like Oz\\\". While the series is mostly based on the 1939 film, there are some issues with the canon of it. In the film, it is largely implied that Oz was a head-trauma-induced delirium, instead of a real place, while in the series it was a real place. The only sequel that depicts Oz as a dream is the 1974 animated film \\\"Journey Back to Oz\\\", where Dorothy once again has a head injury before finding herself\",\n \"title\": \"The Wizard of Oz (TV series)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2316726\",\n \"text\": \"the winged monkeys. She is not afraid of angering the Wicked Witch of the West, as shown when the Witch stole one of Dorothy's slippers, and in retaliation, Dorothy hurled a bucket of water over her, not knowing water was fatal to the witch. She brazenly rebuffs Princess Langwidere's threat to take her head for her collection — \\\"Well, I b'lieve you won't.\\\" (Following Anna Laughlin's portrayal of the character in the popular 1903 Broadway version of \\\"The Wizard of Oz,\\\" Baum scripts Dorothy to speak in childlike contractions with \\\"Ozma of Oz\\\", which she continues to do throughout the\",\n \"title\": \"Dorothy Gale\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1622090\",\n \"text\": \"the Rainbow\\\". Supposedly an \\\"Artifact\\\" – a potentially dangerous and malicious object that grants the wearer dangerous powers – since many artifacts are based on works of fact and fiction. The season 9 episode \\\"Slumber Party\\\" of the series \\\"Supernatural\\\" features Dorothy and the Wicked Witch. Dorothy, here portrayed as a hard-as-nails fighter, realizes the shoes are the only thing that can kill the seemingly invincible witch. At one point, she admits she never really wore the iconic shoes, having considered it \\\"tacky\\\" to wear the shoes of a dead witch. Near the end of the episode, Charlie Bradbury uses\",\n \"title\": \"Ruby slippers\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9432228\",\n \"text\": \"Released by the snowstorm, Dorothy smashes through an electric \\\"Oz\\\" sky sign as she descends from the atmosphere, and which falls upon and kills Evermean, the Wicked Witch of the East who rules Munchkinland. As a result, she frees the Munchkins who populate the playground into which she lands; they had been transformed into graffiti by Evermean for painting the playground walls. Dorothy soon meets the Munchkins' main benefactress, Miss One, the Good Witch of the North, a magical \\\"numbers runner\\\" who gives Evermean's pretty charmed silver slippers to her by teleporting them onto Dorothy's feet. However, Dorothy declares she\",\n \"title\": \"The Wiz (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4588204\",\n \"text\": \"the South (Miss Piggy), who tells her that if she clicks her heels together three times, she will be able to go anywhere she desires, contrary to how the Good Witch of the North said to get to the Emerald City. She does so, saying \\\"take me home to Aunt Em\\\". She is then spun by the slippers' charm into Kansas, and, much to her surprise, she finds out that Kermit was looking for her, saying that she had the best voice they heard on the whole search, and that she has been chosen to go on the Star Hunt.\",\n \"title\": \"The Muppets' Wizard of Oz\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6958726\",\n \"text\": \"soul flies on sunshine to Heaven, where no one mentions the red shoes. Andersen named the story's anti-heroine Karen after his own loathed half-sister, Karen Marie Andersen. The origins of the story is based on an incident Andersen witnessed as a small child. His father, who was a shoemaker, was sent a piece of red silk by a rich lady to make a pair of dancing slippers for her daughter. Using some red leather along with the silk, he carefully created a pair of shoes only for the rich customer to tell him they were awful. She said he had\",\n \"title\": \"The Red Shoes (fairy tale)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2946306\",\n \"text\": \"her escape the hospital is Princess Ozma, Jack's long-lost creator, and the rightful ruler of Oz, who had been enchanted by Mombi at the Nome King's request. Ozma forgives the no-longer-magical Mombi. She takes her place on the throne and Dorothy hands over the ruby slippers. Billina opts to stay in Oz. Ozma sends Dorothy home, promising that Dorothy is welcome to return. Back in Kansas, Dorothy's family finds her on a riverbank. Aunt Em reveals that Worley's hospital was struck by lightning and burned down, and Worley died trying to save his machines. They see Nurse Wilson locked in\",\n \"title\": \"Return to Oz\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2490482\",\n \"text\": \"all of Oz (\\\"Don't Nobody Bring Me No Bad News\\\"). Receiving word of Dorothy and her friends approaching, she sends her Winged Monkeys to kill them (\\\"Funky Monkeys\\\"). Catching up to the group in the forest surrounding Evillene's castle, the monkeys dash the Tin Man against rocks until he falls apart, and rip the straw out of the Scarecrow, leaving both of them helpless. Seeing Dorothy's silver slippers, however, they dare not harm her. Instead, they carry her to Evillene's castle along with the Lion. While searching for a way to get the slippers from Dorothy, Evillene forces her and\",\n \"title\": \"The Wiz\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1622070\",\n \"text\": \"his \\\"Los Angeles Times\\\" article, \\\"all the ruby slippers are between Size 5 and 6, varying between B and D widths.\\\" The four surviving pairs were made from white silk pumps from the Innes Shoe Company in Los Angeles. At the time, many movie studios used plain white silk shoes because they were inexpensive and easy to dye. It is likely that most of the shoes worn by female characters in \\\"The Wizard of Oz\\\" were plain Innes shoes with varying heel heights, dyed to match each costume. There is an embossed gold or silver stamp or an embroidered cloth\",\n \"title\": \"Ruby slippers\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3642222\",\n \"text\": \"from Winfield, Kansas, a farm girl, and a reference to Dorothy Gale as played by Judy Garland in the 1939 classic movie \\\"The Wizard of Oz\\\" (occasionally wearing Dorothy's ubiquitous pigtails and a gingham dress). She was traveling alone on the \\\"three-hour tour\\\", which she had won in a contest, that was lost at sea, and was in her late teens to early twenties — an age which she pinpoints in the season 2, episode 30 \\\"V for Vitamins\\\" when she says, \\\"Women and children first, so I get two votes.\\\" She tells the others in season 2, episode 18,\",\n \"title\": \"Mary Ann Summers\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7139614\",\n \"text\": \"by L. Frank Baum. The first story arc is an adaptation of the first Oz book, \\\"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\\\". It follows the adventures of Dorothy, an orphan girl living out in the gray prairies of Kansas with her Aunt Em, her Uncle Henry and her dog Toto. One day, After Em and Uncle Henry leave Dorothy and Toto alone in order to travel into town. A tornado appears, uproots the farmhouse, with Dorothy and Toto inside, and transports it to the Land of Oz. In Oz Dorothy meets the Good Witch of the North, who tells her that\",\n \"title\": \"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (1986 TV series)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12447831\",\n \"text\": \"body, but rather brought by Toto from her dwelling (a dark cave). This was possibly done to avert the problem of a person wearing the shoes to be impossible to harm, since in that book the hurricane is created by the Wicked Witch to destroy mankind, and redirected upon her by the Good Witch of the North, who suffers no ill effects for harming her. It is said the Witch only wore the shoes on very special occasions. They are lost just like in Baum's book. In Roger S. Baum's \\\"Dorothy of Oz\\\" (1989), Glinda recovers the silver shoes and\",\n \"title\": \"Silver Shoes\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1622073\",\n \"text\": \"close-up or insert shoes, is in best shape of all, appears to be better made, has no orange felt on the soles and has \\\"#7 Judy Garland\\\" written in the lining. According to the Library of Congress, \\\"it is widely believed that they were used primarily for close-ups and possibly the climactic scene where Dorothy taps her heels together.\\\" Circular scuff marks on the soles support the theory that they were the ones Garland had on when she clicked her heels together. The lack of felt indicates these were likely also the shoes taken from the feet of the dead\",\n \"title\": \"Ruby slippers\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6852377\",\n \"text\": \"and the silver shoes Dorothy inherits from the Wicked Witch of the East represents the pro-silver movement. When Dorothy is taken to the Emerald Palace before her audience with the Wizard she is led through seven passages and up three flights of stairs, a subtle reference to the [ Coinage Act of 1873 ] which started the class conflict in America.” Historian Quentin Taylor sees additional metaphors, including: Taylor also claimed a sort of iconography for the cyclone: it was used in the 1890s as a metaphor for a political revolution that would transform the drab country into a land\",\n \"title\": \"Political interpretations of The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1622085\",\n \"text\": \"by a British family, who sold them to prominent Oz collector Willard Carroll in a 2001 eBay auction. The Western Costume Company in Hollywood claims to have made Garland's original slippers. While it is likely that Western would have been contracted to make some of \\\"The Wizard of Oz\\\"'s many costumes, no records of the original slippers exist to either validate or disprove their claim. In 1989, to commemorate the movie's 50th anniversary, Western produced the only authorized reproductions. Hand-lasted on Judy Garland's original foot mold and completely sequined and jeweled, the reproduction slippers were nearly identical to the originals.\",\n \"title\": \"Ruby slippers\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7301088\",\n \"text\": \"Tin Woodman, called Rusty, by turning herself into a Tin Woman, and dropping him into a pond where he rusted over again. She has also stolen the medal that belonged to the Cowardly Lion, called Dandy, and turned it into a daisy, and is planning to get Dorothy's silver shoes again. Dorothy sets off to find her friends, without knowing the Wicked Witch is watching them in her Crystal Ball. She finds and oils Rusty who has rusted after the Witch tricked him. They find Socrates in a corn field on a pole scaring crows again and get him down.\",\n \"title\": \"Return to Oz (1964 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9432229\",\n \"text\": \"doesn't want the shoes and desperately just wants to get home to Aunt Em. Miss One urges her to follow the yellow brick road to the Emerald City and seek the help of the mysterious \\\"Wizard\\\" who she believes holds the power to send Dorothy back to Harlem. After telling her to never take the silver shoes off, Miss One and the Munchkins disappear and Dorothy is left to search for the road on her own. The next morning, Dorothy happens upon a Scarecrow made of garbage and rags, and befriends him after saving him from being viciously teased and\",\n \"title\": \"The Wiz (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11795134\",\n \"text\": \"home. \\\"Codename: Dorothy.\\\" Once an ordinary schoolgirl from Seoul, Korea, Mara is the only person able to see the strange “yellow brick road”, and as such, is often mistaken for the legendary “Dorothy” by the majority of Oz's occupants. Despite the assumption by many that she is, indeed, Dorothy, Mara often reacts loudly and protestingly to being called as such, shouting, “My name is Mara...Mara Shin!” By stomping her boots (given to her by Selluriah, the Witch of the East), she can turn into a witch. She is the owner of both the witch's boots (obviously the manhwa's version of\",\n \"title\": \"Dorothy of Oz (manhwa)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12447841\",\n \"text\": \"the West's magical attacks, and temporarily reduce her to his servant. This once again demonstrates that the shoes' users need not be a skilled/knowledgeable spellcaster, in order to gain great power. The Cowardly Lion also gets to wear them briefly. In the \\\"Once Upon a Time\\\" television series, the Silver Slippers are first alluded to in \\\"The Doctor\\\", when Rumpelstiltskin sends the Mad Hatter to the Land of Oz in order to locate and retrieve the shoes so that he could travel to the Land without Magic in order to locate his lost son Balefire. In \\\"It's Not Easy Being\",\n \"title\": \"Silver Shoes\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2499456\",\n \"text\": \"Emerald City The Emerald City (sometimes called the City of Emeralds) is the capital city of the fictional Land of Oz in L. Frank Baum's Oz books, first described in \\\"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\\\" (1900). Located in the center of the Land of Oz, the Emerald City is the end of the famous yellow brick road, which starts in Munchkin Country. In the center of the Emerald City is the Royal Palace of Oz. In the first book, \\\"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\\\" (1900), the walls are green, but the city itself is not. However, when they enter, everyone\",\n \"title\": \"Emerald City\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2566281\",\n \"text\": \"Munchkin A Munchkin is a native of the fictional Munchkin Country in the Oz books by American author L. Frank Baum. They first appear in the classic children's novel \\\"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\\\" (1900) where they welcome Dorothy Gale to their city in Oz. The Munchkins are described as being the same height as Dorothy and they wear only shades of blue clothing, as blue is the Munchkins' favorite color. Blue is also the predominating color that officially represents the eastern quadrant in the Land of Oz. The Munchkins have appeared in various media, including the 1939 film \\\"The\",\n \"title\": \"Munchkin\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12447830\",\n \"text\": \"that the shoes are gone, having fallen off during her flight and landing somewhere in the Deadly Desert. Though they are mentioned several times in sequels, they never appear again in the original series. In Alexander Melentyevich Volkov's \\\"The Wizard of the Emerald City\\\" (1939), the Silver shoes or Serebryaniye bashmachki as they are called in the manuscript, are the source of Elly's (his version of Dorothy) protection instead of the good Witch's kiss. She is therefore attacked once by an Ogre when removing them, and afterward wears them even when she sleeps. They are not taken from the Witch's\",\n \"title\": \"Silver Shoes\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19514130\",\n \"text\": \"surface, and the Wizard arrives shortly thereafter, having managed to tame the flying monkeys that got glued to his balloon with one of his magic potions that made giant bananas for them. With Oz safe once more, the Wizard returns to a formal position in the Emerald City while still leaving the Scarecrow, Tin Man, and Lion in charge, and after Dorothy asks about the ruby slippers, only to learn from Glinda that she's earned the right to keep them permanently, along with the Wizard adding on that she'll need them to visit them in Oz again often, Dorothy takes\",\n \"title\": \"Tom and Jerry: Back to Oz\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18025803\",\n \"text\": \"it turns out that Zelena was the evil threat all along. Glinda then offers Dorothy a chance to join the council of witches, but Dorothy turns her down and says she's sorry and wants to go home. Glinda tells her that the Wizard (who she believes has returned to his normal form) will return her to Kansas. When they arrive to the Wizard's palace, Glinda and Dorothy arrive to see the unseen Wizard, who then grants Dorothy her wish by giving her a pair of silver slippers and disappears back to her world. However, after Dorothy disappears, Glinda discovers that\",\n \"title\": \"Kansas (Once Upon a Time)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2888757\",\n \"text\": \"helping them see that the attributes they sought (brains, heart, courage) were already within them. He then offers to take Dorothy and Toto home in his hot air balloon. As Dorothy and the Wizard prepare to depart, Toto jumps off and Dorothy goes to catch him, so the balloon leaves with only the Wizard. Glinda appears and tells Dorothy that the Ruby Slippers will take her home. Following Glinda's instructions, Dorothy taps her heels together three times and repeats, \\\"There's no place like home\\\". Dorothy wakes up in Kansas surrounded by her family and friends. Everyone dismisses her adventure as\",\n \"title\": \"The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15020802\",\n \"text\": \"is unhappy with his empty tin chest (\\\"If I Only Had a Heart\\\") and invite him to join them. The Wicked Witch of the West threatens to light the Scarecrow on fire unless Dorothy gives her the ruby slippers; Dorothy refuses. In the dark forest, they encounter a very unhappy Lion, afraid of his own tail (\\\"If I Only Had the Nerve\\\"). He too joins the group on the road to the Emerald City. Emerging into the light, the friends encounter another obstacle. The Wicked Witch has cast a spell creating a huge field of poppies that puts Dorothy and\",\n \"title\": \"The Wizard of Oz (2011 musical)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16032682\",\n \"text\": \"a river if Dorothy refuses to give her the slippers. Although she complies, the Witch is shocked when she tries to take them off. When she remembers that the slippers won't come off as long as Dorothy is alive, the Witch places an hourglass, stating that Dorothy has only hours to live. Tom and Jerry manage to free Toto, who escapes from the castle to get help. Jerry is seen by the Witch and thrown through a window with Tom. They encounter two of the Witch's guards, Droopy and Butch, who accidentally mention the Witch's weakness is water. A chase\",\n \"title\": \"Tom and Jerry and the Wizard of Oz\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6852376\",\n \"text\": \"people (and even the Good Witches) into believing he is benevolent, wise, and powerful when really he is a selfish, evil humbug. He sends Dorothy into severe danger hoping she will rid him of his enemy the Wicked Witch of the West. He is powerless and, as he admits to Dorothy, \\\"I'm a very bad Wizard\\\". Hugh Rockoff suggested in 1990 that the novel was an allegory about the demonetization of silver in 1873, whereby “the cyclone that carried Dorothy to the Land of Oz represents the economic and political upheaval, the yellow brick road stands for the gold standard,\",\n \"title\": \"Political interpretations of The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2888765\",\n \"text\": \"I'll miss you most of all.\\\" In his book \\\"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\\\", Baum describes Kansas as being \\\"in shades of gray\\\". Further, Dorothy lived inside a farmhouse which had its paint blistered and washed away by the weather, giving it an air of grayness. The house and property were situated in the middle of a sweeping prairie where the grass was burnt gray by harsh sun. Aunt Em and Uncle Henry were \\\"gray with age\\\". Effectively, the use of monochrome sepia tones for the Kansas sequences was a stylistic choice that evoked the dull and gray countryside. Much\",\n \"title\": \"The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2888753\",\n \"text\": \"She awakens to see various figures fly by, including Miss Gulch, who transforms into a witch on a broomstick. The house lands in Munchkinland in the Land of Oz. Glinda the Good Witch of the North and the Munchkins welcome her as a heroine, as the falling house has killed the Wicked Witch of the East; only the witch's legs and the ruby slippers on her feet are visible. Her sister, the Wicked Witch of the West, arrives to claim the slippers, but Glinda transports them onto Dorothy's feet first. The Wicked Witch of the West swears revenge on Dorothy\",\n \"title\": \"The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9569658\",\n \"text\": \"the city's brilliancy). Her character is strictly referred to as \\\"\\\"the pretty green girl\\\"\\\" in this story, and her youthfulness and kindness are emphasized by Baum. She is finally introduced by name in the second Oz book \\\"The Marvelous Land of Oz\\\" (1904), where Baum elaborates more about her appearance in detail. She often wears a green silk knee-length skirt, matching silk stockings embroidered with peapods, and green satin slippers with bunches of fresh lettuce for decorations instead of bows or buckles. All around her silken waist four leaf clovers are delicately sewn into the sash and she wears a\",\n \"title\": \"Jellia Jamb\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3655744\",\n \"text\": \"when she shares a bonding moment with her child. During the Dark Siege of Storybrooke, Zelena plans to take Regina's place in Storybrooke including her office. After claiming full custody of her baby, Zelena is transported by Regina (using the Apprentice's Wand) back to Oz, and she claimed they will see each other again. On Zelena's return to Oz, she confronts Dorothy, who is currently in possession of the silver slippers which can transport her to any realm. She holds Dorothy's dog, Toto, hostage in exchange for the shoes. Dorothy tries to knock Zelena out with poppy powder, but before\",\n \"title\": \"Wicked Witch of the West\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11795135\",\n \"text\": \"the ruby slippers) and Thyrsos, a magical glove that when summoned turns into a staff. Thyrsos was previously owned by the Wizard of Oz. Although she lacks the knowledge and experience to use it correctly, when enraged it has been shown that she is capable of mass destruction. It is worth noting that whenever Mara uses the Yellow Brick Road, it is irrelevant where it is positioned: it might go right through a wall and she can cross it as long as she is walking on it, but any pursuer will be unable to find her. The only evidence are\",\n \"title\": \"Dorothy of Oz (manhwa)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5934606\",\n \"text\": \"to learn to believe in oneself. To combat the idea that the slippers would provide Dorothy with ultimate power against the Witch, they didn't always work correctly, apparently because she wasn't entirely sure how to use them. They often didn't do exactly as she asked, acting unpredictably. In the second episode, she clicks her heels four times to correct the Witch's damage to the Emerald City, as to imply that a fourth click has more power than three. Glinda often told her to only use them as a last resort. Similarly, the Wicked Witch's crystal ball was unpredictable, often only\",\n \"title\": \"The Wizard of Oz (TV series)\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"compressed_ctxs_1":{"kind":"string","value":"{\n \"compressed_prompt\": \"Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\\n\\ntitle: Ruby slippers context: of 2018. In L. Frank Baum's original novel, \\\"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\\\" (1900), on which the film is based, Dorothy wears Silver Shoes. However, the color of the shoes was changed to red in order to take full advantage of the new Technicolor film process being used in big-budget Hollywood films of that era. Film screenwriter Noel Langley is credited with the idea. In the MGM film, an adolescent farm girl named Dorothy (played by Judy Garland), her dog Toto, and their farmhouse are swept away from Kansas by a tornado and taken to the magical Land of Oz.\\n\\nIn the original L. Frank Baum story The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, what color were Dorothy's slippers?\",\n \"compressed_tokens\": 192,\n \"origin_tokens\": 192,\n \"ratio\": \"1.0x\",\n \"saving\": \", Saving $0.0 in GPT-4.\"\n}"},"compressed_ctxs_100":{"kind":"string","value":"{\n \"compressed_prompt\": \"Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\\n\\ntitle: Ruby slippers context: of 2018. In L. Frank Baum's original novel, \\\"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\\\" (1900), on which the film is based, Dorothy wears Silver Shoes. However, the color of the shoes was changed to red in order to take full advantage of the new Technicolor film process being used in big-budget Hollywood films of that era. Film screenwriter Noel Langley is credited with the idea. In the MGM film, an adolescent farm girl named Dorothy (played by Judy Garland), her dog Toto, and their farmhouse are swept away from Kansas by a tornado and taken to the magical Land of Oz.\\n\\ntitle The Wizard of OTV series) contextonce a day'. episodeCry Clear explains this was caused by the's cre having intentionallyabbed/cracked it with a carving knife, during witch's theft attempt, in order to prevent her from using full potential. Theicked W does manage to get the sli once in the series However, Tle manages to steal them from her, and she is unable to use their power their full advantage. The Cowardly Lion also gets to wear them briefly. The series incorporated visual elements from the 1939 film version, including the Scarecrow's diploma and Dorothy's ruby slippers.\\ntitle: Ruby slippers on and kills the Wicked Witch of the East freeing Munchkins from tyny. Glinda the Good Witch of the arriv magic bubble and shows Dor the dead'ing out from under the.icked W West comes to claim her dead sister'ses Glinda magically transfers them to's.inda Dorothy tight them and take them off, must be very the Wicked W want badly.\\ntitle The W (99 context: film interviews and; it updated in 89. of their,ppers wornland are andia. silverothy wore the series were to ruby to.ume designer, was responsible for the final design. There are five known pairs of the ruby slippers in existence. After filming, the slippers were stored among the studio's extensive collection of costumes and faded from attention.\\n\\nIn the original L. Frank Baum story The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, what color were Dorothy's slippers?\",\n \"compressed_tokens\": 486,\n \"origin_tokens\": 13713,\n \"ratio\": \"28.2x\",\n \"saving\": \", Saving $0.8 in GPT-4.\"\n}"}}},{"rowIdx":280,"cells":{"id":{"kind":"number","value":280,"string":"280"},"question":{"kind":"string","value":"What was art-world guru Andy Warhol's name at birth?"},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["Andy Warhaul","Warhol","Warholian Pop","Andy Warhola","Andrew warhola","Andy Warhol Foundation for the Visual Arts","Warholite","Andy warhol","Drella","Andrew Warhol","Andy Wahrol","Andy worhol","Andrew Warhola","Andy Warhol Foundation","Warholesque","Warholian","Warhol Foundation","Andy Warhol","Paul Warhola"],"string":"[\n \"Andy Warhaul\",\n \"Warhol\",\n \"Warholian Pop\",\n \"Andy Warhola\",\n \"Andrew warhola\",\n \"Andy Warhol Foundation for the Visual Arts\",\n \"Warholite\",\n \"Andy warhol\",\n \"Drella\",\n \"Andrew Warhol\",\n \"Andy Wahrol\",\n \"Andy worhol\",\n \"Andrew Warhola\",\n \"Andy Warhol Foundation\",\n \"Warholesque\",\n \"Warholian\",\n \"Warhol Foundation\",\n \"Andy Warhol\",\n \"Paul Warhola\"\n]","isConversational":false},"target":{"kind":"string","value":"Andrew Warhola"},"ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"id":"4596","text":"very collectible and highly valuable. The highest price ever paid for a Warhol painting is US$105 million for a 1963 canvas titled \"Silver Car Crash (Double Disaster)\"; his works include some of the most expensive paintings ever sold. A 2009 article in \"The Economist\" described Warhol as the \"bellwether of the art market\". Warhol was born on August 6, 1928, in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. He was the fourth child of Ondrej Warhola (Americanized as Andrew Warhola, Sr., 1889–1942) and Julia (\"née\" Zavacká, 1892–1972), whose first child was born in their homeland and died before their move to the U.S. His parents","title":"Andy Warhol"},{"id":"4666","text":"Andy Warhol and his Polaroid camera was revealed at Union Square in New York City. Andy Warhol Andy Warhol (; born Andrew Warhola; August 6, 1928 – February 22, 1987) was an American artist, director and producer who was a leading figure in the visual art movement known as pop art. His works explore the relationship between artistic expression, celebrity culture, and advertising that flourished by the 1960s, and span a variety of media, including painting, silkscreening, photography, film, and sculpture. Some of his best known works include the silkscreen paintings \"Campbell's Soup Cans\" (1962) and \"Marilyn Diptych\" (1962), the","title":"Andy Warhol"},{"id":"4593","text":"Andy Warhol Andy Warhol (; born Andrew Warhola; August 6, 1928 – February 22, 1987) was an American artist, director and producer who was a leading figure in the visual art movement known as pop art. His works explore the relationship between artistic expression, celebrity culture, and advertising that flourished by the 1960s, and span a variety of media, including painting, silkscreening, photography, film, and sculpture. Some of his best known works include the silkscreen paintings \"Campbell's Soup Cans\" (1962) and \"Marilyn Diptych\" (1962), the experimental film \"Chelsea Girls\" (1966), and the multimedia events known as the \"Exploding Plastic Inevitable\"","title":"Andy Warhol"},{"id":"10223147","text":"Julia Warhola Julia Warhola (, November 20, 1891—November 22, 1972) was the mother of the American artist Andy Warhol. Warhola was born Júlia Justína Zavacká to a peasant family in the Rusyn village of Miková, Austria-Hungary (now in northeast Slovakia) and married Andrij Varkhola (Americanized as Andrew Warhola) there in 1909. He emigrated to the United States soon after, and in 1921 she followed him to Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The couple had three children: Paul, John, and Andrew (Andy). The family lived at several Pittsburgh addresses, but beginning in 1932 at 3252 Dawson Street in the Oakland neighborhood of the city.","title":"Julia Warhola"},{"id":"10223150","text":"as she goes about her daily domestic routines. In 1971, she returned to Pittsburgh and died a year later. She is buried, alongside her husband and near her son Andy, in St. John the Baptist Byzantine Catholic Cemetery in Bethel Park, Pennsylvania, a south suburb of Pittsburgh. Julia Warhola Julia Warhola (, November 20, 1891—November 22, 1972) was the mother of the American artist Andy Warhol. Warhola was born Júlia Justína Zavacká to a peasant family in the Rusyn village of Miková, Austria-Hungary (now in northeast Slovakia) and married Andrij Varkhola (Americanized as Andrew Warhola) there in 1909. He emigrated","title":"Julia Warhola"},{"id":"4598","text":"became a successful children's book illustrator. In third grade, Warhol had Sydenham's chorea (also known as St. Vitus' Dance), the nervous system disease that causes involuntary movements of the extremities, which is believed to be a complication of scarlet fever which causes skin pigmentation blotchiness. At times when he was confined to bed, he drew, listened to the radio and collected pictures of movie stars around his bed. Warhol later described this period as very important in the development of his personality, skill-set and preferences. When Warhol was 13, his father died in an accident. As a teenager, Warhol graduated","title":"Andy Warhol"},{"id":"4594","text":"(1966–67). Born and raised in Pittsburgh, Warhol initially pursued a successful career as a commercial illustrator. After exhibiting his work in several galleries in the late 1950s, he began to receive recognition as an influential and controversial artist. His New York studio, The Factory, became a well-known gathering place that brought together distinguished intellectuals, drag queens, playwrights, Bohemian street people, Hollywood celebrities, and wealthy patrons. He promoted a collection of personalities known as Warhol superstars, and is credited with coining the widely used expression \"15 minutes of fame.\" In the late 1960s, he managed and produced the experimental rock band","title":"Andy Warhol"},{"id":"19857048","text":"Florian Picasso Florian Ruiz-Picasso (born 21 February 1990), better known as Florian Picasso, is a Vietnamese-French DJ and record producer based in Cannes. He is a great-grandson of the well-known artist, Pablo Picasso. He gained recognition for collaborations with Martin Garrix and Steve Aoki. In 2016, he was ranked by DJ Mag at 38th on their annual list of Top 100 DJs. Picasso was born in Vietnam and was adopted by Marina Picasso, a granddaughter of the famous artist, Pablo Picasso. He was gladdened when Kanye West named his album, The Life of Pablo after his great-grandfather. He started making","title":"Florian Picasso"},{"id":"328540","text":"accomplishments, and became one of the best-known figures in 20th-century art. Picasso was baptized Pablo Diego José Francisco de Paula Juan Nepomuceno María de los Remedios Cipriano de la Santísima Trinidad Ruiz y Picasso, a series of names honouring various saints and relatives. \"Ruiz y Picasso\" were included for his father and mother, respectively, as per Spanish law. Born in the city of Málaga in the Andalusian region of Spain, he was the first child of Don José Ruiz y Blasco (1838–1913) and María Picasso y López. His mother was of one quarter Italian descent, from the territory of Genoa.","title":"Pablo Picasso"},{"id":"986812","text":"John Everett Millais Sir John Everett Millais, 1st Baronet, (; 8 June 1829 – 13 August 1896) was an English painter and illustrator who was one of the founders of the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood. He was a child prodigy who, aged eleven, became the youngest student to enter the Royal Academy Schools. The Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood was founded at his family home in London, at 83 Gower Street (now number 7). Millais became the most famous exponent of the style, his painting \"Christ in the House of His Parents\" (1850) generating considerable controversy, and painting perhaps the embodiment of the school, \"Ophelia\",","title":"John Everett Millais"},{"id":"328541","text":"Though baptized a Catholic, Picasso would later on become an atheist. Picasso's family was of middle-class background. His father was a painter who specialized in naturalistic depictions of birds and other game. For most of his life Ruiz was a professor of art at the School of Crafts and a curator of a local museum. Ruiz's ancestors were minor aristocrats. Picasso showed a passion and a skill for drawing from an early age. According to his mother, his first words were \"piz, piz\", a shortening of \"lápiz\", the Spanish word for \"pencil\". From the age of seven, Picasso received formal","title":"Pablo Picasso"},{"id":"4773408","text":"clothing designs for Topshop. Stella Vine was born Melissa Jane Robson in Alnwick, Northumberland, England in 1969. She changed her name to \"Stella Vine\" in 1995, inspired by Andy Warhol names. Vine lived with her mother who was a seamstress and her grandmother who was a secretary. Her mother remarried when she was seven, and they relocated to Norwich. Vine said she was \"making things and performing music and plays, as far back as I can remember.\" When she was a child, she used to make water colours in the library, painting Queen Victoria, and copying the Pre-Raphaelites and Greek","title":"Stella Vine"},{"id":"4546773","text":"in New York, which he visited. His portrait by Andy Warhol dates from this trip. For the centenary of Picasso’s birth, he made a medal and a plaque for the artist’s birthplace, which had now become a museum. He made \"Hoplita\", which contained the famous Rubik’s cube, in tribute to the Hungarian mathematician. He held various exhibitions in Europe. His first exhibition in Kuwait took place in 1982. He produced the series \"Desperta Ferro\", ten pieces on a theme that anticipated the \"Almogávares\", and completed \"Neon\" - a sculpture with computer-controlled neon circuits, which gave life to countless combinatorial possibilities","title":"Miguel Ortiz Berrocal"},{"id":"640830","text":"\"h\" from his original name, Stumph. It was still pronounced \"stump,\" but the change ensured his audience wouldn't think to pronounce it \"stumf.\" Singer Jason Derulo uses the phonetic spelling of his given name, Jason Desrouleaux. Andy Warhol dropped an \"a\" from his original name, Warhola, while couturier Yves Mathieu-Saint-Laurent dropped the first of his two surnames. Rodolfo Alfonso Raffaello Piero Filiberto Guglielmi adopted the stage name Rudolph Valentino in part because American casting directors found his original surname difficult to pronounce. Singer George Michael (the son of a Greek Cypriot restaurateur in North London) was born Georgios Kyriacos Panayiotou.","title":"Stage name"},{"id":"15190121","text":"John Warhola John Warhola (May 31, 1925 – December 24, 2010) played a pivotal role in maintaining the legacy of his younger brother, pop artist Andy Warhol, assigned responsibility by their father on his deathbed to ensure that Andy attended college and serving as a trustee of the Andy Warhol Foundation for the Visual Arts after his brother's death in 1987. Warhola oversaw the establishment of The Andy Warhol Museum in Pittsburgh and the Andy Warhol Museum of Modern Art in Medzilaborce, Slovakia. Warhola was born May 31, 1925, in Pittsburgh, the second of three sons of Ondrej and Julia","title":"John Warhola"},{"id":"8586773","text":"to Frank Patrick in reference to the great hockey players on his Vancouver Millionaires teams of the 1910s-1920s, specifically Cyclone Taylor. Within a major published piece in Interview Magazine that appeared in June 1977, when asked by editor Glenn O’Brien, “Who invented the word superstar?” Andy Warhol, the pop artist known for popularizing the term, responded, “I think it was [the performance artist and filmmaker] Jack Smith.” O’Brien then asked, “And who were the first superstars?” To which Warhol responded, “They were all Jack Smith’s stars; every one of them was really a great person.” The term received widespread and","title":"Superstar"},{"id":"12013727","text":"Fowokan George \"Fowokan\" Kelly (born 1 April 1943) is a Jamaican-born visual artist who lives in Britain and exhibits using the name \"Fowokan\" (a Yoruba word meaning: \"one who creates with the hand\"). He is a largely self-taught artist, who has been practising sculpture since 1980. His work is full of the ambivalence he sees in the deep-rooted spiritual and mental conflict between the African and the European. Fowokan's work is rooted in the traditions of pre-colonial Africa and ancient Egypt rather than the Greco-Roman art of the west. He has also been a jeweller, essayist, poet and musician (a","title":"Fowokan"},{"id":"4505155","text":"Scottie Wilson Scottie Wilson (6 June 1888 – 1972), born Louis Freeman, was a Scottish, Jewish, outsider artist known particularly for his highly detailed style. Starting his artistic career at the age of 44, his work was admired and collected by the likes of Jean Dubuffet and Pablo Picasso and is generally accepted to be in the forefront of 20th-century outsider art. Born in Glasgow, Scotland, at 24 Ropework Lane, Wilson dropped out of school at the age of 8 to help subsidise his family's meagre income by, amongst other things, selling newspapers on the street. In 1906 he enlisted","title":"Scottie Wilson"},{"id":"7105162","text":"Roberta Latow Muriel Roberta Latow (September 27, 1931 – February 4, 2003) was an American art expert, gallery owner, interior designer, and erotic author. She has been credited with giving Andy Warhol the original idea to paint \"Campbell's Soup Cans\" and the \"200 One-Dollar Bills\" silkscreens, and her written works reflect her travels throughout Europe. Her later erotic fiction also reflected her knowledge and experience in the worlds of art. Latow was born September 27, 1931 in Springfield, Massachusetts. She had an early interest in art and moved to New York City to study interior design at Parsons School of","title":"Roberta Latow"},{"id":"17559357","text":"Steve Kaufman Steven Alan Kaufman (also known as Steve Kaufman, December 29, 1960 – February 12, 2010) was an American pop artist, fine artist, sculptor, stained glass artist, filmmaker, photographer and humanitarian. His entry into the world of serious pop art began in his teens when he became an assistant to Andy Warhol at The Factory studio. Nicknamed \"SAK\" by Warhol, Kaufman eventually executed such pieces as a 144-foot long canvas which later toured the country. Steve Kaufman was born in 1960 in the Bronx, New York, the middle child, surrounded by an extended family, many of whom were painters","title":"Steve Kaufman"},{"id":"20949768","text":"a cocktail of realism, surrealism, and pop, of Edward Hopper meets Salvador Dali meets Andy Warhol.\" He is popularly known by his first name \"Harry\", and distinctively signs his paintings with this moniker. Harry Underwood was born in 1969 in Miami, FL. His father was a carpenter and his mother worked in a supermarket. His family was deeply religious and he attended the Church of God pentecostal church with them until 1982. As a teenager, Harry cleaned pools at motels and bussed tables at the Capri Italian Restaurant in Florida City, FL. He was uprooted by Hurricane Andrew in 1992","title":"Harry Underwood"},{"id":"11286217","text":"Alpers's \"Rembrandt\" coming to resemble an artist like Andy Warhol, the most successful \"entrepreneur of the self\". He accuses Alpers of removing the greatest art categorically from the realm of aesthetics, using it as \"just another counter in the dialectic of material culture. Such, too, is the dismal fate of art history when the study of art is no longer its primary concern.\" Svetlana Leontief was born in Cambridge, Massachusetts. She was the only child of Wassily Leontief, a political refugee from the Soviet Union and Nobel laureate economist who pioneered computer modeling, and the poet Estelle Marks. In 1958","title":"Svetlana Alpers"},{"id":"2797834","text":"who was the older brother of Francis Minturn Sedgwick. With her twenty-first birthday, celebrated in Cambridge, and with her coming of age, Sedgwick received an $80,000 trust fund from her maternal grandmother and sought a new life in New York City to pursue a career in modeling. In March 1965, Sedgwick met artist and avant-garde filmmaker Andy Warhol at a party at Lester Persky's apartment. Shortly afterward, she became a frequent visitor to The Factory, Warhol's famed art studio. During one of her subsequent visits, Warhol was filming \"Vinyl\", his interpretation of the novel \"A Clockwork Orange\". Despite \"Vinyl\"s all-male","title":"Edie Sedgwick"},{"id":"19061833","text":"BillyBoy* BillyBoy* (born 10 March 1960) is an artist, socialite and fashion designer who was a muse of Andy Warhol. Born in Vienna, he was adopted by a Russian couple and moved to New York City when he was four. In 1979 BillyBoy* began to design and manufacture costume jewellery under the label \"Surreal \" in Paris. A bracelet made by BillyBoy* and owned by Elizabeth Taylor was sold at auction in 2011 for $6,875. BillyBoy* had a collection of over 11,000 Barbie dolls and 3,000 Ken dolls, and in 1987 authored the book \"Barbie: Her Life and Times\". During","title":"BillyBoy*"},{"id":"12306272","text":"\"Hauptbahnhof\", which means \"central rail station\" in German) and other times just being complete nonsense. The film is very loosely based on Pablo Picasso's life, narrated by Toivo Pawlo, who introduces himself as Elsa Beskow. It opens with a quote by Picasso himself: \"Art is a lie that leads us closer to the truth.\" The story starts with Picasso's birth in Málaga, Spain. His father, Don Jose (Hans Alfredson), is an artist and discovers early his son's talent when the young boy makes a sculpture of Don Jose with his food. When Pablo is old enough (and now portrayed by","title":"The Adventures of Picasso"},{"id":"15691556","text":"2006: 2005: 2004: 2003: 2002: 2000: 1999: 1998: 1997: 1996: 1995: 1994: 1993: 1992: 1991: 1989: 1988: Mbongeni Buthelezi Mbongeni Buthelezi, born 1966 in Johannesburg in South Africa, is an artist who became known for \"painting\" in plastic. Buthelezi attended courses at the African Institute of Art in Johannesburg from 1986 until 1992 and later also at the University of Witwatersrand from 1997 until 1998. He was \"artist in residence\" several times: The material that Mbongeni Buthelezi uses for his \"paintings\" is always waste made of plastic: he cuts it into little pieces and glues them onto the canvas, creating","title":"Mbongeni Buthelezi"},{"id":"971184","text":"Ravi Shankar Ravi Shankar (; 7 April 192011 December 2012), born Rabindra Shankar Chowdhury, his name often preceded by the title Pandit (Master) and \"Sitar maestro\"was an Indian musician and a composer of Hindustani classical music. He was one of the best-known proponents of the sitar in the second half of the 20th century and influenced many other musicians throughout the world. In 1999, Shankar was awarded India's highest civilian honour, the Bharat Ratna. Shankar was born to a Bengali Brahmin family in India, and spent his youth touring India and Europe with the dance group of his brother Uday","title":"Ravi Shankar"},{"id":"20545734","text":"The bronze statue measures 1.4 meters in height, and depicts Picasso sitting on a marble bench taking notes with a pencil. The statue occupies part of a bench, allowing visitors to sit next to it. The house in which Pablo Picasso was born is located at number 15 of the plaza. The house now operates as a museum, and the building is the headquarters of the Pablo Ruiz Picasso Foundation. Plaza de la Merced Plaza de la Merced is a public square located in the barrio La Merced in central Málaga, Spain. The plaza has been a part of the","title":"Plaza de la Merced"},{"id":"4595","text":"The Velvet Underground and founded \"Interview\" magazine. He authored numerous books, including \"The Philosophy of Andy Warhol\" and \"\". He lived openly as a gay man before the gay liberation movement. After gallbladder surgery, Warhol died of cardiac arrhythmia in February 1987 at the age of 58. Warhol has been the subject of numerous retrospective exhibitions, books, and feature and documentary films. The Andy Warhol Museum in his native city of Pittsburgh, which holds an extensive permanent collection of art and archives, is the largest museum in the United States dedicated to a single artist. Many of his creations are","title":"Andy Warhol"},{"id":"16970276","text":"Samuel Adams Green Samuel Adams Green (May 20, 1940 – March 4, 2011) was an American art curator and director, most associated with his promotion of American pop art, particularly the early works of his friend Andy Warhol. Born in Boston on May 20, 1940, his father Samuel Magee Green was Dean of Fine Arts at Wesleyan University and descended from Samuel Adams, one of the Founding Fathers of the United States. His mother was also a university arts lecturer. During his childhood, his parents gave him a love of art and architecture, which led to him enrolling at the","title":"Samuel Adams Green"},{"id":"12296847","text":"but seen in the imagination only, . . . This little book, unlike the fortieth imitation of somebody's book on Picasso and available everywhere, is a discovery, pictures and commentary moving from an area of the mind now understandably suspect. . . .\" Sheri Martinelli Sheri Martinelli, (January 17, 1918 – November 3, 1996) was an American painter, poet, and muse. Martinelli was born Shirley Burns Brennan in Philadelphia in 1918. Of Irish ancestry, she was the eldest of four children and began using the name Sherry by the time she was a teenager. Later told that her first name","title":"Sheri Martinelli"},{"id":"727924","text":"one long dreamy reverie of life in his native village of Vitebsk.\" \"When Matisse dies,\" Pablo Picasso remarked in the 1950s, \"Chagall will be the only painter left who understands what colour really is\". Marc Chagall was born Moishe Segal in a Lithuanian Jewish Hassidic family in Liozna, near the city of Vitebsk (Belarus, then part of the Russian Empire) in 1887. At the time of his birth, Vitebsk's population was about 66,000, with half the population being Jewish. A picturesque city of churches and synagogues, it was called \"Russian Toledo\", after a cosmopolitan city of the former Spanish Empire.","title":"Marc Chagall"},{"id":"2797825","text":"Edie Sedgwick Edith Minturn Sedgwick (April 20, 1943 – November 16, 1971) was an American actress and fashion model. She is best known for being one of Andy Warhol's superstars. Sedgwick became known as \"The Girl of the Year\" in 1965 after starring in several of Warhol's short films in the 1960s. She was dubbed an \"It Girl\", while \"Vogue\" magazine also named her a \"Youthquaker\". Edie Sedgwick was born in Santa Barbara, California, the seventh of eight children of Alice Delano de Forest (1908–1988) and Francis Minturn Sedgwick (1904–1967), a rancher and sculptor. She was named after her father's","title":"Edie Sedgwick"},{"id":"6442167","text":"Leonid Pasternak Leonid Osipovich Pasternak (born \"Yitzhok-Leib\", or \"Isaak Iosifovich, Pasternak\"; , 3 April 1862 (N.S.) – 31 May 1945) was a Russian post-impressionist painter. He was the father of the poet and novelist Boris Pasternak. Pasternak was born in Odessa to an Orthodox Jewish family on 4 April 1862. The family claimed to be distantly descended, in one line, from Isaac Abrabanel, the famous 15th-century Jewish philosopher and treasurer of Portugal, although no independent evidence of this exists. Leonid's father made an income by renting out a guest house. The courtyard of the guest house, with its adjoining coach-house,","title":"Leonid Pasternak"},{"id":"1321981","text":"Hansen, grew up amid New York's Andy Warhol Factory art scene of the 1960s, where she was a Warhol superstar, but moved to California at age 17, where she met Beck's father. Bibbe's maternal grandmother was Jewish, while her father, artist Al Hansen, was of Norwegian descent and was a pioneer in the avant-garde Fluxus movement. Beck has said that he was \"raised celebrating Jewish holidays\" and that he considers himself Jewish. Beck began life in a rooming house near downtown Los Angeles. As a child, he lived in a declining neighborhood near Hollywood Boulevard. He later recalled, \"By the","title":"Beck"},{"id":"708744","text":"of the exhibition.<br> Henri Matisse Henri Émile Benoît Matisse (; 31 December 1869 – 3 November 1954) was a French artist, known for both his use of colour and his fluid and original draughtsmanship. He was a draughtsman, printmaker, and sculptor, but is known primarily as a painter. Matisse is commonly regarded, along with Pablo Picasso, as one of the artists who best helped to define the revolutionary developments in the visual arts throughout the opening decades of the twentieth century, responsible for significant developments in painting and sculpture. The intense colorism of the works he painted between 1900 and","title":"Henri Matisse"},{"id":"17213737","text":"Sophie Matisse Sophie Alexina Victoire Matisse (born February 13, 1965) is an American contemporary artist. Matisse initially gained notoriety for her series of \"Missing Person\" paintings, in which she appropriated and embellished upon, or subtracted from, recognizable works from art history. Media coverage is often quick to note Sophie Matisse's family background, an art pedigree originating with her great-grandfather, the famous 20th century painter Henri Matisse. Britain's \"Sunday Telegraph\" newspaper in 2003 referred to Sophie as \"art royalty,\" a term occasionally paraphrased when discussing Sophie and her artwork. Sophie Matisse was born in Boston on February 13, 1965, and was","title":"Sophie Matisse"},{"id":"4615","text":"is art, and working is art and good business is the best art.\" Warhol socialized at various nightspots in New York City, including Max's Kansas City; and, later in the 1970s, Studio 54. He was generally regarded as quiet, shy, and a meticulous observer. Art critic Robert Hughes called him \"the white mole of Union Square.\" In 1979, along with his longtime friend Stuart Pivar, Warhol founded the New York Academy of Art. Warhol had a re-emergence of critical and financial success in the 1980s, partially due to his affiliation and friendships with a number of prolific younger artists, who","title":"Andy Warhol"},{"id":"1496515","text":"László Moholy-Nagy László Moholy-Nagy (; ; born László Weisz; July 20, 1895 – November 24, 1946) was a Hungarian painter and photographer as well as a professor in the Bauhaus school. He was highly influenced by constructivism and a strong advocate of the integration of technology and industry into the arts. Moholy-Nagy was born \"László Weisz\" in Bácsborsód, Hungary to a Jewish family. His cousin was the conductor Sir Georg Solti. He attended Gymnasium in the city of Szeged. He changed his German-Jewish surname to the Magyar surname of his mother's Christian lawyer friend Nagy, who supported the family and","title":"László Moholy-Nagy"},{"id":"16970293","text":"April 21 to August 7, 2011. Samuel Adams Green Samuel Adams Green (May 20, 1940 – March 4, 2011) was an American art curator and director, most associated with his promotion of American pop art, particularly the early works of his friend Andy Warhol. Born in Boston on May 20, 1940, his father Samuel Magee Green was Dean of Fine Arts at Wesleyan University and descended from Samuel Adams, one of the Founding Fathers of the United States. His mother was also a university arts lecturer. During his childhood, his parents gave him a love of art and architecture, which","title":"Samuel Adams Green"},{"id":"20940582","text":"endurance was important to Warhol, \"the idea is not to live forever, it is to create something that will\". He was successful in this mission by creating a legacy for himself as a pioneer of Pop Art as well as immortalising the subjects of his work. Warhol's most renowned muse was Marilyn Monroe, an enduring sex symbol and Westernised beauty. Monroe began as a model under her real name Norma. After being scouted whilst working at a military factory, her pale features and blonde hair gained wide recognition and she signed a seven-year contract with Twentieth Century Fox. She appeared","title":"Untitled from Marilyn Monroe"},{"id":"9020606","text":"Thomas Ammann Thomas E. Ammann (1950 – 9 June 1993) was a leading Swiss art dealer in Impressionist and twentieth century art, and a collector of post-war and contemporary art. Born 1950 in Ermatingen, Switzerland, as the youngest of four children (Eveline, Doris, Susan), Ammann became an art collector while still a teenager. Aged 18 he went to work at Galerie Bruno Bischofberger in Zurich. It was during this time of apprenticeship that Ammann first met Andy Warhol who would become a close friend. In 1977 Ammann went into business for himself. His combination of knowledge, eye for quality, charm,","title":"Thomas Ammann"},{"id":"18649553","text":"for the purposes of display and preservation. In 2007, Thurnauer first exhibited her work \"Portraits grandeur nature\", a series of oversized buttons (each 120 cm in diameter) in resin and epoxy paint displaying the names of well-known artists, mostly male, transformed into names evoking the opposite gender. For example, Marcel Duchamp becomes Marcelle Duchamp and Andy Warhol becomes Annie Warhol. An exception is the button reading Louis Bourgeois, a masculinized version of the name of the artist Louise Bourgeois. This work, which questions both the literal and figurative representation of women in art, propelled her to previously unattained notoriety as","title":"Agnès Thurnauer"},{"id":"708707","text":"Henri Matisse Henri Émile Benoît Matisse (; 31 December 1869 – 3 November 1954) was a French artist, known for both his use of colour and his fluid and original draughtsmanship. He was a draughtsman, printmaker, and sculptor, but is known primarily as a painter. Matisse is commonly regarded, along with Pablo Picasso, as one of the artists who best helped to define the revolutionary developments in the visual arts throughout the opening decades of the twentieth century, responsible for significant developments in painting and sculpture. The intense colorism of the works he painted between 1900 and 1905 brought him","title":"Henri Matisse"},{"id":"988022","text":"was born in Guanajuato, Mexico, to a well-to-do family, the son of María del Pilar Barrientos and Diego Rivera Acosta. Diego had a twin brother named Carlos, who died two years after they were born. Rivera was said to have Converso ancestry (having ancestors who were forced to convert from Judaism to Catholicism). Rivera wrote in 1935: \"My Jewishness is the dominant element in my life.\" Rivera began drawing at the age of three, a year after his twin brother's death. He had been caught drawing on the walls. His parents, rather than punishing him, installed chalkboards and canvas on","title":"Diego Rivera"},{"id":"530550","text":"million (€8.9 million). Duchamp works Essays by Duchamp General resources Audio and video Marcel Duchamp Henri-Robert-Marcel Duchamp (; ; 28 July 1887 – 2 October 1968) was a French-American painter, sculptor, chess player, and writer whose work is associated with Cubism, Dada, and conceptual art, although he was careful about his use of the term Dada and was not directly associated with Dada groups. Duchamp is commonly regarded, along with Pablo Picasso and Henri Matisse, as one of the three artists who helped to define the revolutionary developments in the plastic arts in the opening decades of the 20th century,","title":"Marcel Duchamp"},{"id":"2983864","text":"to the Rock Music Business\" was published in 1996. His anthology of poetry \"Bloodstones and Rhythmic Beasts\" was published 2005. Knopfler was born in Glasgow, Scotland, to an English mother, Louisa Mary, a teacher, and a Hungarian Jewish father, Erwin Knopfler, an architect. When Knopfler was two, his family moved to Newcastle upon Tyne, England, where he grew up and later attended Gosforth Grammar School. By the age of 11, Knopfler owned a guitar, a piano and a drum kit, and by the age of 14, he was playing and singing his own compositions in folk clubs. After attending Bristol","title":"David Knopfler"},{"id":"20860687","text":"Staffan Ahrenberg Staffan Ahrenberg (born 27 September 1957 in Stockholm) is the owner and publisher of the French publishing house Cahiers d'art, an art collector, entrepreneur and film producer. Born the second child of businessman and art collector Theodor Ahrenberg (1912–89) and Ulla Ahrenberg (born Frisell), Ahrenberg spent his childhood in Stockholm and Chexbres, Switzerland, where the family relocated in 1962. He was exposed to art from a young age through his father’s extensive collection, assembled between the late 1940s and 1980s and featuring works by Pablo Picasso, Henri Matisse, Marc Chagall, Le Corbusier, Olle Bærtling, Sam Francis, Mark Tobey","title":"Staffan Ahrenberg"},{"id":"4597","text":"were working-class Lemko emigrants from Mikó, Austria-Hungary (now called Miková, located in today's northeastern Slovakia). Warhol's father emigrated to the United States in 1914, and his mother joined him in 1921, after the death of Warhol's grandparents. Warhol's father worked in a coal mine. The family lived at 55 Beelen Street and later at 3252 Dawson Street in the Oakland neighborhood of Pittsburgh. The family was Ruthenian Catholic and attended St. John Chrysostom Byzantine Catholic Church. Andy Warhol had two older brothers—Pavol (Paul), the oldest, was born before the family emigrated; Ján was born in Pittsburgh. Pavol's son, James Warhola,","title":"Andy Warhol"},{"id":"19630643","text":"the 1935 farce of the same name on which the 1936 film, \"It's You I Want\" is based. Over 40 years later, he was retired from films and working as an art restorer, living in New York's East Village, when he was cast in Andy Warhol's 1968 film, \"Flesh\". Maurice Braddell Maurice Braddell (23 November 1900 – 28 July 1990) was an English actor, author and art restorer. Maurice Braddell was born in Folkestone, Kent, England, and lived in New York City for much of his life. He was the son of Sir Thomas Braddell and Lady Violet Nassau (Kirby)","title":"Maurice Braddell"},{"id":"9910124","text":"church bought a farm in a rural part of Allegheny County. Since then, suburban growth has spread to meet the graveyard. The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania took part of the cemetery grounds to expand Connor Road, and the Port Authority of Allegheny County annexed more of its land for a trolley station. The cemetery is best known as the burial site of the American artist Andy Warhol and his parents. Warhol's fans make pilgrimages to this cemetery and leave tokens including cans of soup on his grave stone to honor his life. St. John the Baptist Byzantine Catholic Cemetery St. John","title":"St. John the Baptist Byzantine Catholic Cemetery"},{"id":"1545012","text":"cultural infrastructure and the artistic heritage have culminated in the nomination of Málaga as a candidate for the 2016 European Capital of Culture. The painter and sculptor Pablo Picasso, Hebrew poet and Jewish philosopher Solomon Ibn Gabirol and the actor Antonio Banderas were born in Málaga. The magnum opus of Cuban composer Ernesto Lecuona, \"Malagueña\", is named after the music of this region of Spain. The most important business sectors in Málaga are tourism, construction and technology services, but other sectors such as transportation and logistics are beginning to expand. The Andalusia Technology Park (PTA), located in Málaga, has enjoyed","title":"Málaga"},{"id":"2002434","text":"Damien Hirst Damien Steven Hirst (; born 7 June 1965) is an English artist, entrepreneur, and art collector. He is one of the Young British Artists (YBAs), who dominated the art scene in the UK during the 1990s. He is reportedly the United Kingdom's richest living artist, with his wealth valued at £215m in the 2010 \"Sunday Times\" Rich List. During the 1990s his career was closely linked with the collector Charles Saatchi, but increasing frictions came to a head in 2003 and the relationship ended. Death is a central theme in Hirst's works. He became famous for a series","title":"Damien Hirst"},{"id":"530479","text":"Marcel Duchamp Henri-Robert-Marcel Duchamp (; ; 28 July 1887 – 2 October 1968) was a French-American painter, sculptor, chess player, and writer whose work is associated with Cubism, Dada, and conceptual art, although he was careful about his use of the term Dada and was not directly associated with Dada groups. Duchamp is commonly regarded, along with Pablo Picasso and Henri Matisse, as one of the three artists who helped to define the revolutionary developments in the plastic arts in the opening decades of the 20th century, responsible for significant developments in painting and sculpture. Duchamp has had an immense","title":"Marcel Duchamp"},{"id":"7218594","text":"Charles Camoin Charles Camoin (; 23 September 1879 – 20 May 1965) was a French expressionist landscape painter associated with the Fauves. Born in Marseille, France, Camoin met Henri Matisse in Gustave Moreau's class at the Ecole des Beaux Arts in Paris. Matisse and his friends (including Camoin, Henri Manguin, Albert Marquet, Georges Rouault, André Derain and Maurice de Vlaminck), formed the original group of artists labeled the Fauves (meaning \"the wild beasts\") for their wild, expressionist-like use of color. Camoin always remained close to Matisse. He painted a portrait of Matisse, which is in the permanent collection of the","title":"Charles Camoin"},{"id":"4659","text":"bottle of the Estee Lauder perfume \"Beautiful\" into the grave. Warhol was buried next to his mother and father. A memorial service was held in Manhattan for Warhol on April 1, 1987, at St. Patrick's Cathedral, New York. Warhol's will dictated that his entire estate—with the exception of a few modest legacies to family members—would go to create a foundation dedicated to the \"advancement of the visual arts\". Warhol had so many possessions that it took Sotheby's nine days to auction his estate after his death; the auction grossed more than US$20 million. In 1987, in accordance with Warhol's will,","title":"Andy Warhol"},{"id":"797942","text":"J. M. W. Turner Joseph Mallord William Turner (23 April 177519 December 1851), known as J. M. W. Turner and contemporarily as William Turner, was an English Romantic painter, printmaker and watercolourist. He is known for his expressive colourisations, imaginative landscapes and turbulent, often violent marine paintings. Turner was born in Maiden Lane, Covent Garden, London, to a modest lower middle-class family. He lived in London all his life, retaining his Cockney accent and assiduously avoiding the trappings of success and fame. A child prodigy, Turner studied at the Royal Academy of Arts from 1789, enrolling when he was 14,","title":"J. M. W. Turner"},{"id":"19233477","text":"Hans Zatzka Hans Zatzka (8 March 1859 – 17 December 1945 (or 1949)) was an Austrian Academic and fantasy painter. He has sometimes been known as P. Ronsard, Pierre de Ronsard, or H. Zabateri, and had signed many of his works as Joseph Bernard, J. Bernard, or Bernard Zatzka. The purpose of Zatzka's vast array of pseudonyms was to avoid penalties of breaking contracts which limited the amount of artwork he could sell. This has caused some art databases to conflate Zatzka's work under the pseudonym Joseph Bernard with the French sculptor with the same name. Hans Zatzka was born","title":"Hans Zatzka"},{"id":"7490110","text":"Bruno Bischofberger Bruno Bischofberger (born 1940) is an art dealer and gallerist from Zurich, Switzerland, and a major figure in the international art market for several decades. He is especially known for bringing American pop art to Europe in the 1960s, and American Neo-Expressionism in the 1980s, his long association with Andy Warhol, and for expanding the use of big money in the European contemporary art market. Bruno Bischofberger was born in 1940. The son of a Zurich doctor, he began collecting antiques at an early age. He studied at the University of Zurich, with a doctoral dissertation on Swiss","title":"Bruno Bischofberger"},{"id":"4645","text":"about his interest in thinking about art as business in \"The Philosophy of Andy Warhol from A to B and Back Again\". Warhol was gay. Interviewed in 1980, he indicated that he was still a virgin. Biographer Bob Colacello, who was present at the interview, felt it was probably true and that what little sex he had was probably \"a mixture of voyeurism and masturbation—to use [Andy's] word \"abstract\"\". Warhol's assertion of virginity would seem to be contradicted by his hospital treatment in 1960 for condylomata, a sexually transmitted disease. It has also been contradicted by his lovers, including Warhol","title":"Andy Warhol"},{"id":"743398","text":"She was born at Flower Hospital (now the Terence Cardinal Cooke Health Care Center), 1249 5th Avenue, Manhattan, on December 2, 1923, to Greek parents, George Kalogeropoulos (c. 1881 – 1972) and Elmina Evangelia \"Litsa\" (née Demes; originally Dimitriadou; c. 1894 – 1982), although she was christened Maria Anna Cecilia Sofia Kalogeropoulos (). Callas's father had shortened the surname Kalogeropoulos first to \"Kalos\" and subsequently to \"Callas\" in order to make it more manageable. George and Litsa were an ill-matched couple from the beginning; he was easy-going and unambitious, with no interest in the arts, while his wife was vivacious","title":"Maria Callas"},{"id":"13750810","text":"Don Rubbo Don Rubbo (December 5, 1926 – January 1979) was a mentor and guide of Peter Max and an affiliate of Andy Warhol in the mid-1960s. His philosophy of \"life is art, art is life\" inspired and influenced many of his students. Admondo Dondes Rubbo was born in New Haven, Connecticut. In February 1945, at the age of eighteen, he enlisted in the army where he received three medals for his service to his country. After the war, he settled in New York City, and in 1952 he married Maria Fontanes. They had seven children, Edmund, Linda, Donald, Robert,","title":"Don Rubbo"},{"id":"14198637","text":"painting studio, where the younger Picasso did some of his first artwork. Furthermore, from the windows of the new staircases added for the museum, one can see the tower of the church of Santiago, where Picasso was baptized. Museo Picasso Málaga The Museo Picasso Málaga is a museum in Málaga, Andalusia, Spain, the city where artist Pablo Ruiz Picasso was born. It opened in 2003 in the Buenavista Palace, and has 285 works donated by members of Picasso's family. In 2009, the Fundación Paul, Christine y Bernard Ruiz-Picasso that owned the collection merged with the Fundación Museo Picasso Málaga that","title":"Museo Picasso Málaga"},{"id":"7707011","text":"weeks. This is the third Bridge on the site, the first being demolished in early 1884, it's replacement, began construction in 1884, and was open to traffic by 1887. Andy Warhol Bridge Andy Warhol Bridge, also known as the Seventh Street Bridge, spans the Allegheny River in Downtown Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania and is the only bridge in the United States named for a visual artist. It was opened at a cost of $1.5 million on June 17, 1926 in a ceremony attended by 2,000. Named for the artist Andy Warhol, a Pittsburgh native, it is one of three parallel bridges called","title":"Andy Warhol Bridge"},{"id":"4644","text":"were written with Pat Hackett.) He adopted the young painter Jean-Michel Basquiat, and the band The Velvet Underground, presenting them to the public as his latest interest, and collaborating with them. One might even say that he produced people (as in the Warholian \"Superstar\" and the Warholian portrait). He endorsed products, appeared in commercials, and made frequent celebrity guest appearances on television shows and in films (he appeared in everything from \"Love Boat\" to \"Saturday Night Live\" and the Richard Pryor movie \"Dynamite Chicken\"). In this respect Warhol was a fan of \"Art Business\" and \"Business Art\"—he, in fact, wrote","title":"Andy Warhol"},{"id":"6967706","text":"Hendrik Christian Andersen Hendrik Christian Andersen (April 15, 1872 in Bergen – December 19, 1940 in Rome) was a Norwegian-American sculptor, painter and urban planner. Andersen was born in Bergen, Norway, of parents Anders Andersen from Lærdal and Helene Monsine Monsen from Bergen. He emigrated as an infant with his family to Newport, Rhode Island the following year. As a young man in Newport, Andersen began his work as a sculptor and learned to mingle among the city's wealthy elite, including serving as an art instructor for Gertrude Vanderbilt Whitney. In 1893, Andersen traveled to Europe to study art and","title":"Hendrik Christian Andersen"},{"id":"68831","text":"the figures to a scale that, according to the art historian Christopher John Murray, directs \"the viewer's gaze towards their metaphysical dimension\". Friedrich was born in the town of Greifswald on the Baltic Sea in what was at the time Swedish Pomerania. He studied in Copenhagen until 1798, before settling in Dresden. He came of age during a period when, across Europe, a growing disillusionment with materialistic society was giving rise to a new appreciation of spirituality. This shift in ideals was often expressed through a reevaluation of the natural world, as artists such as Friedrich, J. M. W. Turner","title":"Caspar David Friedrich"},{"id":"640539","text":"a boarding house on East 79th Street. He was joined by the rest of the family once Rabbi Weiss found permanent housing. As a child, Ehrich Weiss took several jobs, making his public début as a 9-year-old trapeze artist, calling himself \"Ehrich, the Prince of the Air\". He was also a champion cross country runner in his youth. When Weiss became a professional magician he began calling himself \"Harry Houdini\", after the French magician Jean Eugène Robert-Houdin, after reading Robert-Houdin's autobiography in 1890. Weiss incorrectly believed that an \"i\" at the end of a name meant \"like\" in French. In","title":"Harry Houdini"},{"id":"282271","text":"Michelangelo Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni or more commonly known by his first name Michelangelo (; ; 6 March 1475 – 18 February 1564) was an Italian sculptor, painter, architect and poet of the High Renaissance born in the Republic of Florence, who exerted an unparalleled influence on the development of Western art. Considered by many the greatest artist of his lifetime, and by some the greatest artist of all time, his artistic versatility was of such a high order that he is often considered a contender for the title of the archetypal Renaissance man, along with his rival, the","title":"Michelangelo"},{"id":"20083814","text":"Richard Bernstein (artist) Richard Frederick Bernstein (October 31, 1939 - October 18, 2002) was an American artist associated with Pop art and the circle of Andy Warhol. For nearly 20 years he was the cover artist for \"Interview Magazine\". Bernstein was born on October 31, 1939, in New York City to a family with an older brother, David and younger sister, Ellen. His father, Herbert Bernstein, was a clothing manufacturer and his mother, Florence, was a homemaker. His mother first took him to the Museum of Modern Art children's school, where he saw works by Piet Mondrian, Pablo Picasso, and","title":"Richard Bernstein (artist)"},{"id":"2902284","text":"home of Andy Warhol, and later the residence of fellow pop artist Keith Haring. Haring had his first art show while living in Oakland. NFL Hall of Fame Quarterback Dan Marino was also born in Oakland, not far from Warhol's home. Dan Marino Field on Frazier Street was named in honor of its native son. Although they were not contemporaries, Warhol and Marino grew up on the same block with their former houses only a few doors apart. West Oakland, the smallest of the four districts, is bordered by Fifth Avenue in the south, DeSoto Street in the east, the","title":"Oakland (Pittsburgh)"},{"id":"5676960","text":"Monet Mazur Monet H. Mazur (born April 17, 1976) is an American film and television actress. Mazur was born in Los Angeles, California, the daughter of Ruby Mazur, an illustrator known for creating the \"tongue\" logo for the Rolling Stones, and her mother Valerie Chasin, who was a model. Mazur is the oldest of four siblings, the only daughter, all given first names that are the last names of famous artists (Monet, a brother named for Matisse, and twin brothers named for Cézanne and Miro). Mazur is of Jewish ancestry on her father's side. Mazur's cousin is Epic Mazur of","title":"Monet Mazur"},{"id":"2803607","text":"Warhol superstars Warhol superstars were a clique of New York City personalities promoted by the pop artist Andy Warhol during the 1960s and early 1970s. These personalities appeared in Warhol's artworks and accompanied him in his social life, epitomizing his famous dictum, \"In the future everyone will be famous for fifteen minutes\". Warhol would simply film them, and declare them \"superstars\". The first recognised superstar was Baby Jane Holzer, whom Warhol featured in many of his early film experiments. The superstars would help Warhol generate publicity while Warhol offered fame and attention in return. Warhol's philosophies of art and celebrity","title":"Warhol superstars"},{"id":"5384144","text":"is a young heiress studying art in Cambridge, Massachusetts. She moves to New York City with her friend, Chuck Wein (Jimmy Fallon). She is introduced to pop art painter and film-maker Andy Warhol (Guy Pearce), who is intrigued by the beautiful, clearly troubled socialite. He asks her to perform in one of his underground, experimental films. She agrees and goes on to star in several of Andy's projects, becoming his muse. She and Chuck become part of the tightly-knit, bohemian social scene at Andy's famous art studio, the Silver Factory. Edie's status as a Warhol superstar and rising youthquake fashion","title":"Factory Girl (film)"},{"id":"4646","text":"muse BillyBoy, who has said they had sex to orgasm: \"When he wasn't being Andy Warhol and when you were just alone with him he was an incredibly generous and very kind person. What seduced me was the Andy Warhol who I saw alone. In fact when I was with him in public he kind of got on my nerves...I'd say: 'You're just obnoxious, I can't bear you.\" Billy Name also denied that Warhol was only a voyeur, saying: \"He was the essence of sexuality. It permeated everything. Andy exuded it, along with his great artistic creativity...It brought a joy","title":"Andy Warhol"},{"id":"4393649","text":"James Warhola James Warhola (born March 16, 1955) is an American artist who has illustrated more than two dozen children's picture books since 1987. A native of Smock, a coal-mining region in Fayette County, Pennsylvania, near Pittsburgh, and of Ukrainian or Rusyn origin, he is the son of Paul Warhola, Andy Warhol's oldest brother. Warhola received a BFA degree in design from Carnegie Mellon University in 1977. From 1977 to 1980 he studied at the Art Students League of New York with Jack Faragasso, then privately with Michael Aviano. Warhola briefly worked for Andy Warhol at \"Interview\" magazine but left","title":"James Warhola"},{"id":"13470737","text":"magnificent Provençal embossed polychrome gilded Córdoba leather paneling lining the library and ceremonial reception room, was removed by the buyers. In 1947 it was transformed into a vacation centre for a maritime welfare organization, \"l'Association pour la gestion des institutions sociales maritimes\". After passing through a series of other owners, the vacant property was finally shown on a whim to the Spanish painter, born in Málaga, Pablo Picasso, in September 1958 by the collector and art critic Douglas Cooper. Picasso was returning from a corrida to attend an exhibition of his own works at the Vendôme pavilion in Aix-en-Provence; he","title":"Château of Vauvenargues"},{"id":"16077573","text":"Roger Schlaifer Roger L. Schlaifer (born February 23, 1945) is an American graphic designer, writer, inventor and licensing agent. He is best known for his creative development and worldwide licensing of Cabbage Patch Kids and the name and works of Andy Warhol. Schlaifer grew up in the Washington, D.C. suburb of Silver Spring, Maryland where he attended Montgomery Blair High School, also the alma mater of Nora Roberts, Goldie Hawn, Ben Stein, Carl Bernstein and Connie Chung. Schlaifer is a 1967 graduate of Syracuse University with a BFA in illustration, and a master's degree in advertising. He took a leave","title":"Roger Schlaifer"},{"id":"4652","text":"was not observed taking Communion or going to Confession and sat or knelt in the pews at the back. The priest thought he was afraid of being recognized; Warhol said he was self-conscious about being seen in a Roman Rite church crossing himself \"in the Orthodox way\" (right to left instead of the reverse). His art is noticeably influenced by the Eastern Christian tradition which was so evident in his places of worship. Warhol's brother has described the artist as \"really religious, but he didn't want people to know about that because [it was] private\". Despite the private nature of","title":"Andy Warhol"},{"id":"11777978","text":"from pre-Columbian Peru home of his paternal grandmother. He created a series of bottle shapes incorporating sculptural depictions. In the last year of his life these evolved into a surreal series of screaming agonizing ceramic vessels. In interviews with journalists he clearly stated that his namesake had been a hindrance to his career. Although his work would never become a pillar of modern art like his father's, his oeuvre was totally original and not a pastiche based on a recognizable name. He expressed that bearing the Gauguin name had been a barrier to museums and art critiques accepting his work","title":"Jean René Gauguin"},{"id":"13382943","text":"1490s in poetry Nationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature (for instance, Irish or France). 1491: 1492: 1493: 1494: 1495: 1496: 1497: 1498: 1499: Death years link to the corresponding \"[year] in poetry\" article. There are conflicting or unreliable sources for the birth years of many people born in this period; where sources conflict, the poet is listed again and the conflict is noted: 1490: 1491: 1492: 1493: 1494: 1495: 1496: 1497: 1498: 1499: Birth years link to the corresponding \"[year] in poetry\" article: 1490: 1491: 1492: 1493: 1494: 1495: 1496: 1497: 1498: 1499:","title":"1490s in poetry"},{"id":"12725632","text":"belongings being contaminated by mold. Radon is an odorless gas that has been shown to increase risk of lung cancer. Basement suite tenants are more likely to be injured or die due to a fire in the house. Many landlords do not follow fire code regulations, and often such regulations are not enforced by governments. A number of noted artistic achievements have occurred in basement apartments occupied by struggling authors, painters, and musicians. Andy Warhol made one of his earliest films, \"Mrs. Warhol\" (black-and-white, 66 minutes), in the basement apartment of his house, where his mother (Julia Warhola) lived. Ruth","title":"Basement apartment"},{"id":"7486473","text":"A. R. Penck Ralf Winkler, alias A. R. Penck, \"Mike Hammer\", \"T. M.\", \"Mickey Spilane\", \"Theodor Marx\", \"\"a. Y.\"\" or just \"\"Y\"\" (5 October 1939 – 2 May 2017) was a German painter, printmaker, sculptor, and jazz drummer. Penck was born in Dresden, Germany. In his early teens he took painting and drawing lessons with Jürgen Böttcher, known by the pseudonym Strawalde, and joined with him to form the renegade artists’ group (“Dresden” spelled backward). He later worked for a year as a trainee draftsman at the state advertising agency in Dresden. After failing to gain admission to the fine-arts","title":"A. R. Penck"},{"id":"15946718","text":"Stuart Pivar Stuart Pivar (born 1930) is a chemist, art collector and author from Brooklyn, New York. Pivar earned a B.Sc in chemistry at Hofstra University. An inventor, he made a large fortune in plastics, founding Chem-Tainer industries in 1959. The business specialised in bulk-storage plastic containers. While remaining active in the plastics industry, he became an independently wealthy investor and buyer on the art scene. Pivar soon met Andy Warhol, becoming one of his closest longtime friends. With Warhol he would go on regular shopping trips to buy \"masterpieces\", which could be objects bought anywhere, from a high-end auction","title":"Stuart Pivar"},{"id":"15453937","text":"Rotten Rita in the song \"Halloween Parade\" on the 1989 album \"New York\". Writing about his first year in New York City for the New York Times, in 2000, Reed recalled returning to find his apartment trashed, and the front door, \"which hung off its hinges\", had a poem by Rita carved into it. Rotten Rita Rotten Rita (real name Kenneth Rapp), was an influential denizen of Andy Warhol's The Factory and was sometimes referred to as \"The Mayor\". Although he worked by day in a fabric store, he spent many nights at the Factory bringing his unique influences to","title":"Rotten Rita"},{"id":"211386","text":"and again in 1994 as a solo artist. Lennon was born on 9 October 1940 at Liverpool Maternity Hospital, to Julia (née Stanley) (1914–1958) and Alfred Lennon (1912–1976). Alfred was a merchant seaman of Irish descent who was away at the time of his son's birth. His parents named him John Winston Lennon after his paternal grandfather, John \"Jack\" Lennon, and Prime Minister Winston Churchill. His father was often away from home but sent regular pay cheques to 9Newcastle Road, Liverpool, where Lennon lived with his mother; the cheques stopped when he went absent without leave in February 1944. When","title":"John Lennon"},{"id":"18247123","text":"Terry Hirst Terry Hirst was a cartoonist and one of the leading figures in Africa's post-independence \"golden age\" of art and scholarship from the mid-1960s to the early 1980s which saw a flowering of work in the arts, cinema and the academic world. Terry Hirst was born in 1932 in Brighton in England. In 1965, Hirst moved to Kenya where he was to spend the rest of his life. Terry Hirst grew up in Brighton in southern England. From an early age Hirst knew that he wanted to be an artist. He was always drawing and every morning as he","title":"Terry Hirst"},{"id":"708709","text":"in the medium of cut paper collage. His mastery of the expressive language of colour and drawing, displayed in a body of work spanning over a half-century, won him recognition as a leading figure in modern art. Matisse was born in Le Cateau-Cambrésis, in the Nord department in northern France, the oldest son of a prosperous grain merchant. He grew up in Bohain-en-Vermandois, Picardie, France. In 1887 he went to Paris to study law, working as a court administrator in Le Cateau-Cambrésis after gaining his qualification. He first started to paint in 1889, after his mother brought him art supplies","title":"Henri Matisse"},{"id":"51795","text":"publication in the USSR. Pasternak was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1958, an event which enraged the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, which forced him to decline the prize, though his descendants were later to accept it in his name in 1988. Doctor Zhivago has been part of the main Russian school curriculum since 2003. Pasternak was born in Moscow on 10 February, into a wealthy assimilated Jewish family. His father was the Post-Impressionist painter, Leonid Pasternak, professor at the Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture, and Architecture. His mother was Rosa Kaufman, a concert pianist and the","title":"Boris Pasternak"},{"id":"12186169","text":"Joan Fontcuberta Joan Fontcuberta (born 24 February 1955) is a conceptual artist whose best-known works, such as \"Fauna\" and \"Sputnik\", examine the truthfulness of photography. In addition, he is a writer, editor, teacher, and curator. Fontcuberta was born in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. He received a degree in communications from the Autonomous University of Barcelona in 1977. He worked in advertising in his early career, and his family had also worked in advertising. From 1979 to 1986 he was a professor at the Faculty of Fine Arts of the University of Barcelona, after which he earned a living through his art.","title":"Joan Fontcuberta"},{"id":"1496527","text":"In the autumn of 2003, the Moholy-Nagy Foundation, Inc. was established as a source of information about Moholy-Nagy's life and works. In 2016, the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum in New York exhibited a retrospective of Moholy-Nagy's work that included painting, film, photography, and sculpture. László Moholy-Nagy László Moholy-Nagy (; ; born László Weisz; July 20, 1895 – November 24, 1946) was a Hungarian painter and photographer as well as a professor in the Bauhaus school. He was highly influenced by constructivism and a strong advocate of the integration of technology and industry into the arts. Moholy-Nagy was born \"László Weisz\"","title":"László Moholy-Nagy"},{"id":"1354438","text":"Barbara Hepworth Dame Jocelyn Barbara Hepworth (10 January 1903 – 20 May 1975) was an English artist and sculptor. Her work exemplifies Modernism and in particular modern sculpture. She was one of the few female artists of her generation to achieve international prominence. Along with artists such as Ben Nicholson and Naum Gabo, Hepworth was a leading figure in the colony of artists who resided in St Ives during the Second World War. Jocelyn Barbara Hepworth was born on 10 January 1903 in Wakefield, West Riding of Yorkshire, the eldest child of Gertrude and Herbert Hepworth. Her father was a","title":"Barbara Hepworth"},{"id":"3154971","text":"Alfredo Pérez Rubalcaba, with the poet and dramatist Federico García Lorca, and with the painter Pablo Ruiz Picasso. As these people's paternal names are very common, they are often called with their maternal names (Rubalcaba, Lorca, Picasso). It would nonetheless be a mistake to index José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero under Z as \"Zapatero\", or Federico García Lorca under L as \"Lorca\". In an English-speaking environment, Spanish-named people sometimes hyphenate their surnames to avoid Anglophone confusion or to fill in forms with only one space provided for last name, thus: Mr. José Antonio Gómez-Iglesias. A practical option to spare an explanation","title":"Spanish naming customs"},{"id":"18261912","text":"\"I met him\" he said \"He was a real Bohemian: long white hair, cape, iron foot. I fell in love with the whole idea of being a Bohemian, before they said \"beatnik\".\" Thus inspired by Neave, and already much attracted to French art, Dury began to call himself \"Toulouse\" after the disabled painter Toulouse Lautrec. In 1959, Neave was featured in the Roundabout column of \"The Spectator\" explaining his view of why the bohemian had declined in London. He claimed to be aged 77. The same year, he appeared in the BBC's television programme \"Soho Story\", quoting Omar Khayyam. One","title":"Iron Foot Jack"},{"id":"17666829","text":"is currently writing a comprehensive biography of Andy Warhol, which was bought by publisher HarperCollins. In 2014 Gopnik was named a 2015-2016 resident biography fellow at the Leon Levy Center for Biography at City University of New York and is a recipient of a Cullman Fellowship at the New York Public Library for 2017-2018. Blake Gopnik Blake Gopnik (born 1963 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania) is an American art critic who has lived in New York City since 2011. He previously spent a decade as chief art critic of \"The Washington Post\" and before that was an arts editor and critic in","title":"Blake Gopnik"},{"id":"4473209","text":"the paparazzi have accelerated this trend, turning what may have before been isolated coverage into continuing media coverage even after the initial reason for media interest has passed. On their 1987 album Yoyo Bourgeois Tagg have a song called 15 Minutes In The Sun that is a direct reference to the Warhol statement. In the song \"I Can't Read\", released by David Bowie's Tin Machine in their 1989 debut album and re-released by Bowie in 1997 for the soundtrack of the movie \"The Ice Storm\", the phrase is used in direct reference to Andy Warhol: \"Andy, where's my 15 minutes?\"","title":"15 minutes of fame"},{"id":"9470244","text":"the theories of Freudian psychology led to the depiction of the dream and the unconscious in art in work by Salvador Dalí. Kandinsky's introduction of non-representational art preceded the 1950s American Abstract Expressionist school, including Jackson Pollock, who dripped paint onto the canvas, and Mark Rothko, who created large areas of flat colour. Detachment from the world of imagery was reversed in the 1960s by the Pop Art movement, notably Andy Warhol, where brash commercial imagery became a Fine Art staple. Warhol also minimised the role of the artist, often employing assistants to make his work and using mechanical means","title":"20th-century art"},{"id":"13649313","text":"a result of tension between ethnic minority communities and the city's white majority, stoked by the Anti-Nazi League and the National Front. There were 297 arrests; 187 people charged with riot, 45 with violent disorder leading to 200 jail sentences totalling 604 years. \"Only a few particularly notable names are listed here.\" Among Bradford born people who made significant contributions to the arts were David Hockney, painter, draughtsman, printmaker, stage designer and photographer, who was born in the city and educated at Bradford Grammar School. Frederick Delius (1862–1934) was a composer born to a family of German descent in the","title":"Bradford"},{"id":"1779501","text":"on writing, painting, and printmaking careers. William (Holly) Johnson was born on 9 February 1960 in Liverpool to Eric and Pat (née McGlouchlin) Johnson. Johnson was the third of four children and was nicknamed Billy as a child. He started his education in Liverpool at St Mary's Church of England primary school and at age eleven went to the Liverpool Collegiate School in Everton. At fourteen, Johnson took on the name Holly, inspired by actress Holly Woodlawn, a friend of Andy Warhol. During his second year at the Liverpool Collegiate, Johnson and his friend were teased and nicknamed \"Jolly Johnson\"","title":"Holly Johnson"},{"id":"530480","text":"impact on twentieth-century and twenty first-century art, and he had a seminal influence on the development of conceptual art. By World War I, he had rejected the work of many of his fellow artists (such as Henri Matisse) as \"retinal\" art, intended only to please the eye. Instead, Duchamp wanted to use art to serve the mind. Marcel Duchamp was born at Blainville-Crevon in Normandy, France, and grew up in a family that enjoyed cultural activities. The art of painter and engraver , his maternal grandfather, filled the house, and the family liked to play chess, read books, paint, and","title":"Marcel Duchamp"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"id\": \"4596\",\n \"text\": \"very collectible and highly valuable. The highest price ever paid for a Warhol painting is US$105 million for a 1963 canvas titled \\\"Silver Car Crash (Double Disaster)\\\"; his works include some of the most expensive paintings ever sold. A 2009 article in \\\"The Economist\\\" described Warhol as the \\\"bellwether of the art market\\\". Warhol was born on August 6, 1928, in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. He was the fourth child of Ondrej Warhola (Americanized as Andrew Warhola, Sr., 1889–1942) and Julia (\\\"née\\\" Zavacká, 1892–1972), whose first child was born in their homeland and died before their move to the U.S. His parents\",\n \"title\": \"Andy Warhol\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4666\",\n \"text\": \"Andy Warhol and his Polaroid camera was revealed at Union Square in New York City. Andy Warhol Andy Warhol (; born Andrew Warhola; August 6, 1928 – February 22, 1987) was an American artist, director and producer who was a leading figure in the visual art movement known as pop art. His works explore the relationship between artistic expression, celebrity culture, and advertising that flourished by the 1960s, and span a variety of media, including painting, silkscreening, photography, film, and sculpture. Some of his best known works include the silkscreen paintings \\\"Campbell's Soup Cans\\\" (1962) and \\\"Marilyn Diptych\\\" (1962), the\",\n \"title\": \"Andy Warhol\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4593\",\n \"text\": \"Andy Warhol Andy Warhol (; born Andrew Warhola; August 6, 1928 – February 22, 1987) was an American artist, director and producer who was a leading figure in the visual art movement known as pop art. His works explore the relationship between artistic expression, celebrity culture, and advertising that flourished by the 1960s, and span a variety of media, including painting, silkscreening, photography, film, and sculpture. Some of his best known works include the silkscreen paintings \\\"Campbell's Soup Cans\\\" (1962) and \\\"Marilyn Diptych\\\" (1962), the experimental film \\\"Chelsea Girls\\\" (1966), and the multimedia events known as the \\\"Exploding Plastic Inevitable\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"Andy Warhol\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10223147\",\n \"text\": \"Julia Warhola Julia Warhola (, November 20, 1891—November 22, 1972) was the mother of the American artist Andy Warhol. Warhola was born Júlia Justína Zavacká to a peasant family in the Rusyn village of Miková, Austria-Hungary (now in northeast Slovakia) and married Andrij Varkhola (Americanized as Andrew Warhola) there in 1909. He emigrated to the United States soon after, and in 1921 she followed him to Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The couple had three children: Paul, John, and Andrew (Andy). The family lived at several Pittsburgh addresses, but beginning in 1932 at 3252 Dawson Street in the Oakland neighborhood of the city.\",\n \"title\": \"Julia Warhola\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10223150\",\n \"text\": \"as she goes about her daily domestic routines. In 1971, she returned to Pittsburgh and died a year later. She is buried, alongside her husband and near her son Andy, in St. John the Baptist Byzantine Catholic Cemetery in Bethel Park, Pennsylvania, a south suburb of Pittsburgh. Julia Warhola Julia Warhola (, November 20, 1891—November 22, 1972) was the mother of the American artist Andy Warhol. Warhola was born Júlia Justína Zavacká to a peasant family in the Rusyn village of Miková, Austria-Hungary (now in northeast Slovakia) and married Andrij Varkhola (Americanized as Andrew Warhola) there in 1909. He emigrated\",\n \"title\": \"Julia Warhola\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4598\",\n \"text\": \"became a successful children's book illustrator. In third grade, Warhol had Sydenham's chorea (also known as St. Vitus' Dance), the nervous system disease that causes involuntary movements of the extremities, which is believed to be a complication of scarlet fever which causes skin pigmentation blotchiness. At times when he was confined to bed, he drew, listened to the radio and collected pictures of movie stars around his bed. Warhol later described this period as very important in the development of his personality, skill-set and preferences. When Warhol was 13, his father died in an accident. As a teenager, Warhol graduated\",\n \"title\": \"Andy Warhol\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4594\",\n \"text\": \"(1966–67). Born and raised in Pittsburgh, Warhol initially pursued a successful career as a commercial illustrator. After exhibiting his work in several galleries in the late 1950s, he began to receive recognition as an influential and controversial artist. His New York studio, The Factory, became a well-known gathering place that brought together distinguished intellectuals, drag queens, playwrights, Bohemian street people, Hollywood celebrities, and wealthy patrons. He promoted a collection of personalities known as Warhol superstars, and is credited with coining the widely used expression \\\"15 minutes of fame.\\\" In the late 1960s, he managed and produced the experimental rock band\",\n \"title\": \"Andy Warhol\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19857048\",\n \"text\": \"Florian Picasso Florian Ruiz-Picasso (born 21 February 1990), better known as Florian Picasso, is a Vietnamese-French DJ and record producer based in Cannes. He is a great-grandson of the well-known artist, Pablo Picasso. He gained recognition for collaborations with Martin Garrix and Steve Aoki. In 2016, he was ranked by DJ Mag at 38th on their annual list of Top 100 DJs. Picasso was born in Vietnam and was adopted by Marina Picasso, a granddaughter of the famous artist, Pablo Picasso. He was gladdened when Kanye West named his album, The Life of Pablo after his great-grandfather. He started making\",\n \"title\": \"Florian Picasso\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"328540\",\n \"text\": \"accomplishments, and became one of the best-known figures in 20th-century art. Picasso was baptized Pablo Diego José Francisco de Paula Juan Nepomuceno María de los Remedios Cipriano de la Santísima Trinidad Ruiz y Picasso, a series of names honouring various saints and relatives. \\\"Ruiz y Picasso\\\" were included for his father and mother, respectively, as per Spanish law. Born in the city of Málaga in the Andalusian region of Spain, he was the first child of Don José Ruiz y Blasco (1838–1913) and María Picasso y López. His mother was of one quarter Italian descent, from the territory of Genoa.\",\n \"title\": \"Pablo Picasso\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"986812\",\n \"text\": \"John Everett Millais Sir John Everett Millais, 1st Baronet, (; 8 June 1829 – 13 August 1896) was an English painter and illustrator who was one of the founders of the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood. He was a child prodigy who, aged eleven, became the youngest student to enter the Royal Academy Schools. The Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood was founded at his family home in London, at 83 Gower Street (now number 7). Millais became the most famous exponent of the style, his painting \\\"Christ in the House of His Parents\\\" (1850) generating considerable controversy, and painting perhaps the embodiment of the school, \\\"Ophelia\\\",\",\n \"title\": \"John Everett Millais\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"328541\",\n \"text\": \"Though baptized a Catholic, Picasso would later on become an atheist. Picasso's family was of middle-class background. His father was a painter who specialized in naturalistic depictions of birds and other game. For most of his life Ruiz was a professor of art at the School of Crafts and a curator of a local museum. Ruiz's ancestors were minor aristocrats. Picasso showed a passion and a skill for drawing from an early age. According to his mother, his first words were \\\"piz, piz\\\", a shortening of \\\"lápiz\\\", the Spanish word for \\\"pencil\\\". From the age of seven, Picasso received formal\",\n \"title\": \"Pablo Picasso\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4773408\",\n \"text\": \"clothing designs for Topshop. Stella Vine was born Melissa Jane Robson in Alnwick, Northumberland, England in 1969. She changed her name to \\\"Stella Vine\\\" in 1995, inspired by Andy Warhol names. Vine lived with her mother who was a seamstress and her grandmother who was a secretary. Her mother remarried when she was seven, and they relocated to Norwich. Vine said she was \\\"making things and performing music and plays, as far back as I can remember.\\\" When she was a child, she used to make water colours in the library, painting Queen Victoria, and copying the Pre-Raphaelites and Greek\",\n \"title\": \"Stella Vine\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4546773\",\n \"text\": \"in New York, which he visited. His portrait by Andy Warhol dates from this trip. For the centenary of Picasso’s birth, he made a medal and a plaque for the artist’s birthplace, which had now become a museum. He made \\\"Hoplita\\\", which contained the famous Rubik’s cube, in tribute to the Hungarian mathematician. He held various exhibitions in Europe. His first exhibition in Kuwait took place in 1982. He produced the series \\\"Desperta Ferro\\\", ten pieces on a theme that anticipated the \\\"Almogávares\\\", and completed \\\"Neon\\\" - a sculpture with computer-controlled neon circuits, which gave life to countless combinatorial possibilities\",\n \"title\": \"Miguel Ortiz Berrocal\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"640830\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"h\\\" from his original name, Stumph. It was still pronounced \\\"stump,\\\" but the change ensured his audience wouldn't think to pronounce it \\\"stumf.\\\" Singer Jason Derulo uses the phonetic spelling of his given name, Jason Desrouleaux. Andy Warhol dropped an \\\"a\\\" from his original name, Warhola, while couturier Yves Mathieu-Saint-Laurent dropped the first of his two surnames. Rodolfo Alfonso Raffaello Piero Filiberto Guglielmi adopted the stage name Rudolph Valentino in part because American casting directors found his original surname difficult to pronounce. Singer George Michael (the son of a Greek Cypriot restaurateur in North London) was born Georgios Kyriacos Panayiotou.\",\n \"title\": \"Stage name\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15190121\",\n \"text\": \"John Warhola John Warhola (May 31, 1925 – December 24, 2010) played a pivotal role in maintaining the legacy of his younger brother, pop artist Andy Warhol, assigned responsibility by their father on his deathbed to ensure that Andy attended college and serving as a trustee of the Andy Warhol Foundation for the Visual Arts after his brother's death in 1987. Warhola oversaw the establishment of The Andy Warhol Museum in Pittsburgh and the Andy Warhol Museum of Modern Art in Medzilaborce, Slovakia. Warhola was born May 31, 1925, in Pittsburgh, the second of three sons of Ondrej and Julia\",\n \"title\": \"John Warhola\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8586773\",\n \"text\": \"to Frank Patrick in reference to the great hockey players on his Vancouver Millionaires teams of the 1910s-1920s, specifically Cyclone Taylor. Within a major published piece in Interview Magazine that appeared in June 1977, when asked by editor Glenn O’Brien, “Who invented the word superstar?” Andy Warhol, the pop artist known for popularizing the term, responded, “I think it was [the performance artist and filmmaker] Jack Smith.” O’Brien then asked, “And who were the first superstars?” To which Warhol responded, “They were all Jack Smith’s stars; every one of them was really a great person.” The term received widespread and\",\n \"title\": \"Superstar\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12013727\",\n \"text\": \"Fowokan George \\\"Fowokan\\\" Kelly (born 1 April 1943) is a Jamaican-born visual artist who lives in Britain and exhibits using the name \\\"Fowokan\\\" (a Yoruba word meaning: \\\"one who creates with the hand\\\"). He is a largely self-taught artist, who has been practising sculpture since 1980. His work is full of the ambivalence he sees in the deep-rooted spiritual and mental conflict between the African and the European. Fowokan's work is rooted in the traditions of pre-colonial Africa and ancient Egypt rather than the Greco-Roman art of the west. He has also been a jeweller, essayist, poet and musician (a\",\n \"title\": \"Fowokan\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4505155\",\n \"text\": \"Scottie Wilson Scottie Wilson (6 June 1888 – 1972), born Louis Freeman, was a Scottish, Jewish, outsider artist known particularly for his highly detailed style. Starting his artistic career at the age of 44, his work was admired and collected by the likes of Jean Dubuffet and Pablo Picasso and is generally accepted to be in the forefront of 20th-century outsider art. Born in Glasgow, Scotland, at 24 Ropework Lane, Wilson dropped out of school at the age of 8 to help subsidise his family's meagre income by, amongst other things, selling newspapers on the street. In 1906 he enlisted\",\n \"title\": \"Scottie Wilson\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7105162\",\n \"text\": \"Roberta Latow Muriel Roberta Latow (September 27, 1931 – February 4, 2003) was an American art expert, gallery owner, interior designer, and erotic author. She has been credited with giving Andy Warhol the original idea to paint \\\"Campbell's Soup Cans\\\" and the \\\"200 One-Dollar Bills\\\" silkscreens, and her written works reflect her travels throughout Europe. Her later erotic fiction also reflected her knowledge and experience in the worlds of art. Latow was born September 27, 1931 in Springfield, Massachusetts. She had an early interest in art and moved to New York City to study interior design at Parsons School of\",\n \"title\": \"Roberta Latow\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17559357\",\n \"text\": \"Steve Kaufman Steven Alan Kaufman (also known as Steve Kaufman, December 29, 1960 – February 12, 2010) was an American pop artist, fine artist, sculptor, stained glass artist, filmmaker, photographer and humanitarian. His entry into the world of serious pop art began in his teens when he became an assistant to Andy Warhol at The Factory studio. Nicknamed \\\"SAK\\\" by Warhol, Kaufman eventually executed such pieces as a 144-foot long canvas which later toured the country. Steve Kaufman was born in 1960 in the Bronx, New York, the middle child, surrounded by an extended family, many of whom were painters\",\n \"title\": \"Steve Kaufman\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20949768\",\n \"text\": \"a cocktail of realism, surrealism, and pop, of Edward Hopper meets Salvador Dali meets Andy Warhol.\\\" He is popularly known by his first name \\\"Harry\\\", and distinctively signs his paintings with this moniker. Harry Underwood was born in 1969 in Miami, FL. His father was a carpenter and his mother worked in a supermarket. His family was deeply religious and he attended the Church of God pentecostal church with them until 1982. As a teenager, Harry cleaned pools at motels and bussed tables at the Capri Italian Restaurant in Florida City, FL. He was uprooted by Hurricane Andrew in 1992\",\n \"title\": \"Harry Underwood\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11286217\",\n \"text\": \"Alpers's \\\"Rembrandt\\\" coming to resemble an artist like Andy Warhol, the most successful \\\"entrepreneur of the self\\\". He accuses Alpers of removing the greatest art categorically from the realm of aesthetics, using it as \\\"just another counter in the dialectic of material culture. Such, too, is the dismal fate of art history when the study of art is no longer its primary concern.\\\" Svetlana Leontief was born in Cambridge, Massachusetts. She was the only child of Wassily Leontief, a political refugee from the Soviet Union and Nobel laureate economist who pioneered computer modeling, and the poet Estelle Marks. In 1958\",\n \"title\": \"Svetlana Alpers\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2797834\",\n \"text\": \"who was the older brother of Francis Minturn Sedgwick. With her twenty-first birthday, celebrated in Cambridge, and with her coming of age, Sedgwick received an $80,000 trust fund from her maternal grandmother and sought a new life in New York City to pursue a career in modeling. In March 1965, Sedgwick met artist and avant-garde filmmaker Andy Warhol at a party at Lester Persky's apartment. Shortly afterward, she became a frequent visitor to The Factory, Warhol's famed art studio. During one of her subsequent visits, Warhol was filming \\\"Vinyl\\\", his interpretation of the novel \\\"A Clockwork Orange\\\". Despite \\\"Vinyl\\\"s all-male\",\n \"title\": \"Edie Sedgwick\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19061833\",\n \"text\": \"BillyBoy* BillyBoy* (born 10 March 1960) is an artist, socialite and fashion designer who was a muse of Andy Warhol. Born in Vienna, he was adopted by a Russian couple and moved to New York City when he was four. In 1979 BillyBoy* began to design and manufacture costume jewellery under the label \\\"Surreal \\\" in Paris. A bracelet made by BillyBoy* and owned by Elizabeth Taylor was sold at auction in 2011 for $6,875. BillyBoy* had a collection of over 11,000 Barbie dolls and 3,000 Ken dolls, and in 1987 authored the book \\\"Barbie: Her Life and Times\\\". During\",\n \"title\": \"BillyBoy*\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12306272\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Hauptbahnhof\\\", which means \\\"central rail station\\\" in German) and other times just being complete nonsense. The film is very loosely based on Pablo Picasso's life, narrated by Toivo Pawlo, who introduces himself as Elsa Beskow. It opens with a quote by Picasso himself: \\\"Art is a lie that leads us closer to the truth.\\\" The story starts with Picasso's birth in Málaga, Spain. His father, Don Jose (Hans Alfredson), is an artist and discovers early his son's talent when the young boy makes a sculpture of Don Jose with his food. When Pablo is old enough (and now portrayed by\",\n \"title\": \"The Adventures of Picasso\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15691556\",\n \"text\": \"2006: 2005: 2004: 2003: 2002: 2000: 1999: 1998: 1997: 1996: 1995: 1994: 1993: 1992: 1991: 1989: 1988: Mbongeni Buthelezi Mbongeni Buthelezi, born 1966 in Johannesburg in South Africa, is an artist who became known for \\\"painting\\\" in plastic. Buthelezi attended courses at the African Institute of Art in Johannesburg from 1986 until 1992 and later also at the University of Witwatersrand from 1997 until 1998. He was \\\"artist in residence\\\" several times: The material that Mbongeni Buthelezi uses for his \\\"paintings\\\" is always waste made of plastic: he cuts it into little pieces and glues them onto the canvas, creating\",\n \"title\": \"Mbongeni Buthelezi\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"971184\",\n \"text\": \"Ravi Shankar Ravi Shankar (; 7 April 192011 December 2012), born Rabindra Shankar Chowdhury, his name often preceded by the title Pandit (Master) and \\\"Sitar maestro\\\"was an Indian musician and a composer of Hindustani classical music. He was one of the best-known proponents of the sitar in the second half of the 20th century and influenced many other musicians throughout the world. In 1999, Shankar was awarded India's highest civilian honour, the Bharat Ratna. Shankar was born to a Bengali Brahmin family in India, and spent his youth touring India and Europe with the dance group of his brother Uday\",\n \"title\": \"Ravi Shankar\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20545734\",\n \"text\": \"The bronze statue measures 1.4 meters in height, and depicts Picasso sitting on a marble bench taking notes with a pencil. The statue occupies part of a bench, allowing visitors to sit next to it. The house in which Pablo Picasso was born is located at number 15 of the plaza. The house now operates as a museum, and the building is the headquarters of the Pablo Ruiz Picasso Foundation. Plaza de la Merced Plaza de la Merced is a public square located in the barrio La Merced in central Málaga, Spain. The plaza has been a part of the\",\n \"title\": \"Plaza de la Merced\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4595\",\n \"text\": \"The Velvet Underground and founded \\\"Interview\\\" magazine. He authored numerous books, including \\\"The Philosophy of Andy Warhol\\\" and \\\"\\\". He lived openly as a gay man before the gay liberation movement. After gallbladder surgery, Warhol died of cardiac arrhythmia in February 1987 at the age of 58. Warhol has been the subject of numerous retrospective exhibitions, books, and feature and documentary films. The Andy Warhol Museum in his native city of Pittsburgh, which holds an extensive permanent collection of art and archives, is the largest museum in the United States dedicated to a single artist. Many of his creations are\",\n \"title\": \"Andy Warhol\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16970276\",\n \"text\": \"Samuel Adams Green Samuel Adams Green (May 20, 1940 – March 4, 2011) was an American art curator and director, most associated with his promotion of American pop art, particularly the early works of his friend Andy Warhol. Born in Boston on May 20, 1940, his father Samuel Magee Green was Dean of Fine Arts at Wesleyan University and descended from Samuel Adams, one of the Founding Fathers of the United States. His mother was also a university arts lecturer. During his childhood, his parents gave him a love of art and architecture, which led to him enrolling at the\",\n \"title\": \"Samuel Adams Green\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12296847\",\n \"text\": \"but seen in the imagination only, . . . This little book, unlike the fortieth imitation of somebody's book on Picasso and available everywhere, is a discovery, pictures and commentary moving from an area of the mind now understandably suspect. . . .\\\" Sheri Martinelli Sheri Martinelli, (January 17, 1918 – November 3, 1996) was an American painter, poet, and muse. Martinelli was born Shirley Burns Brennan in Philadelphia in 1918. Of Irish ancestry, she was the eldest of four children and began using the name Sherry by the time she was a teenager. Later told that her first name\",\n \"title\": \"Sheri Martinelli\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"727924\",\n \"text\": \"one long dreamy reverie of life in his native village of Vitebsk.\\\" \\\"When Matisse dies,\\\" Pablo Picasso remarked in the 1950s, \\\"Chagall will be the only painter left who understands what colour really is\\\". Marc Chagall was born Moishe Segal in a Lithuanian Jewish Hassidic family in Liozna, near the city of Vitebsk (Belarus, then part of the Russian Empire) in 1887. At the time of his birth, Vitebsk's population was about 66,000, with half the population being Jewish. A picturesque city of churches and synagogues, it was called \\\"Russian Toledo\\\", after a cosmopolitan city of the former Spanish Empire.\",\n \"title\": \"Marc Chagall\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2797825\",\n \"text\": \"Edie Sedgwick Edith Minturn Sedgwick (April 20, 1943 – November 16, 1971) was an American actress and fashion model. She is best known for being one of Andy Warhol's superstars. Sedgwick became known as \\\"The Girl of the Year\\\" in 1965 after starring in several of Warhol's short films in the 1960s. She was dubbed an \\\"It Girl\\\", while \\\"Vogue\\\" magazine also named her a \\\"Youthquaker\\\". Edie Sedgwick was born in Santa Barbara, California, the seventh of eight children of Alice Delano de Forest (1908–1988) and Francis Minturn Sedgwick (1904–1967), a rancher and sculptor. She was named after her father's\",\n \"title\": \"Edie Sedgwick\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6442167\",\n \"text\": \"Leonid Pasternak Leonid Osipovich Pasternak (born \\\"Yitzhok-Leib\\\", or \\\"Isaak Iosifovich, Pasternak\\\"; , 3 April 1862 (N.S.) – 31 May 1945) was a Russian post-impressionist painter. He was the father of the poet and novelist Boris Pasternak. Pasternak was born in Odessa to an Orthodox Jewish family on 4 April 1862. The family claimed to be distantly descended, in one line, from Isaac Abrabanel, the famous 15th-century Jewish philosopher and treasurer of Portugal, although no independent evidence of this exists. Leonid's father made an income by renting out a guest house. The courtyard of the guest house, with its adjoining coach-house,\",\n \"title\": \"Leonid Pasternak\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1321981\",\n \"text\": \"Hansen, grew up amid New York's Andy Warhol Factory art scene of the 1960s, where she was a Warhol superstar, but moved to California at age 17, where she met Beck's father. Bibbe's maternal grandmother was Jewish, while her father, artist Al Hansen, was of Norwegian descent and was a pioneer in the avant-garde Fluxus movement. Beck has said that he was \\\"raised celebrating Jewish holidays\\\" and that he considers himself Jewish. Beck began life in a rooming house near downtown Los Angeles. As a child, he lived in a declining neighborhood near Hollywood Boulevard. He later recalled, \\\"By the\",\n \"title\": \"Beck\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"708744\",\n \"text\": \"of the exhibition.<br> Henri Matisse Henri Émile Benoît Matisse (; 31 December 1869 – 3 November 1954) was a French artist, known for both his use of colour and his fluid and original draughtsmanship. He was a draughtsman, printmaker, and sculptor, but is known primarily as a painter. Matisse is commonly regarded, along with Pablo Picasso, as one of the artists who best helped to define the revolutionary developments in the visual arts throughout the opening decades of the twentieth century, responsible for significant developments in painting and sculpture. The intense colorism of the works he painted between 1900 and\",\n \"title\": \"Henri Matisse\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17213737\",\n \"text\": \"Sophie Matisse Sophie Alexina Victoire Matisse (born February 13, 1965) is an American contemporary artist. Matisse initially gained notoriety for her series of \\\"Missing Person\\\" paintings, in which she appropriated and embellished upon, or subtracted from, recognizable works from art history. Media coverage is often quick to note Sophie Matisse's family background, an art pedigree originating with her great-grandfather, the famous 20th century painter Henri Matisse. Britain's \\\"Sunday Telegraph\\\" newspaper in 2003 referred to Sophie as \\\"art royalty,\\\" a term occasionally paraphrased when discussing Sophie and her artwork. Sophie Matisse was born in Boston on February 13, 1965, and was\",\n \"title\": \"Sophie Matisse\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4615\",\n \"text\": \"is art, and working is art and good business is the best art.\\\" Warhol socialized at various nightspots in New York City, including Max's Kansas City; and, later in the 1970s, Studio 54. He was generally regarded as quiet, shy, and a meticulous observer. Art critic Robert Hughes called him \\\"the white mole of Union Square.\\\" In 1979, along with his longtime friend Stuart Pivar, Warhol founded the New York Academy of Art. Warhol had a re-emergence of critical and financial success in the 1980s, partially due to his affiliation and friendships with a number of prolific younger artists, who\",\n \"title\": \"Andy Warhol\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1496515\",\n \"text\": \"László Moholy-Nagy László Moholy-Nagy (; ; born László Weisz; July 20, 1895 – November 24, 1946) was a Hungarian painter and photographer as well as a professor in the Bauhaus school. He was highly influenced by constructivism and a strong advocate of the integration of technology and industry into the arts. Moholy-Nagy was born \\\"László Weisz\\\" in Bácsborsód, Hungary to a Jewish family. His cousin was the conductor Sir Georg Solti. He attended Gymnasium in the city of Szeged. He changed his German-Jewish surname to the Magyar surname of his mother's Christian lawyer friend Nagy, who supported the family and\",\n \"title\": \"László Moholy-Nagy\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16970293\",\n \"text\": \"April 21 to August 7, 2011. Samuel Adams Green Samuel Adams Green (May 20, 1940 – March 4, 2011) was an American art curator and director, most associated with his promotion of American pop art, particularly the early works of his friend Andy Warhol. Born in Boston on May 20, 1940, his father Samuel Magee Green was Dean of Fine Arts at Wesleyan University and descended from Samuel Adams, one of the Founding Fathers of the United States. His mother was also a university arts lecturer. During his childhood, his parents gave him a love of art and architecture, which\",\n \"title\": \"Samuel Adams Green\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20940582\",\n \"text\": \"endurance was important to Warhol, \\\"the idea is not to live forever, it is to create something that will\\\". He was successful in this mission by creating a legacy for himself as a pioneer of Pop Art as well as immortalising the subjects of his work. Warhol's most renowned muse was Marilyn Monroe, an enduring sex symbol and Westernised beauty. Monroe began as a model under her real name Norma. After being scouted whilst working at a military factory, her pale features and blonde hair gained wide recognition and she signed a seven-year contract with Twentieth Century Fox. She appeared\",\n \"title\": \"Untitled from Marilyn Monroe\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9020606\",\n \"text\": \"Thomas Ammann Thomas E. Ammann (1950 – 9 June 1993) was a leading Swiss art dealer in Impressionist and twentieth century art, and a collector of post-war and contemporary art. Born 1950 in Ermatingen, Switzerland, as the youngest of four children (Eveline, Doris, Susan), Ammann became an art collector while still a teenager. Aged 18 he went to work at Galerie Bruno Bischofberger in Zurich. It was during this time of apprenticeship that Ammann first met Andy Warhol who would become a close friend. In 1977 Ammann went into business for himself. His combination of knowledge, eye for quality, charm,\",\n \"title\": \"Thomas Ammann\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18649553\",\n \"text\": \"for the purposes of display and preservation. In 2007, Thurnauer first exhibited her work \\\"Portraits grandeur nature\\\", a series of oversized buttons (each 120 cm in diameter) in resin and epoxy paint displaying the names of well-known artists, mostly male, transformed into names evoking the opposite gender. For example, Marcel Duchamp becomes Marcelle Duchamp and Andy Warhol becomes Annie Warhol. An exception is the button reading Louis Bourgeois, a masculinized version of the name of the artist Louise Bourgeois. This work, which questions both the literal and figurative representation of women in art, propelled her to previously unattained notoriety as\",\n \"title\": \"Agnès Thurnauer\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"708707\",\n \"text\": \"Henri Matisse Henri Émile Benoît Matisse (; 31 December 1869 – 3 November 1954) was a French artist, known for both his use of colour and his fluid and original draughtsmanship. He was a draughtsman, printmaker, and sculptor, but is known primarily as a painter. Matisse is commonly regarded, along with Pablo Picasso, as one of the artists who best helped to define the revolutionary developments in the visual arts throughout the opening decades of the twentieth century, responsible for significant developments in painting and sculpture. The intense colorism of the works he painted between 1900 and 1905 brought him\",\n \"title\": \"Henri Matisse\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"988022\",\n \"text\": \"was born in Guanajuato, Mexico, to a well-to-do family, the son of María del Pilar Barrientos and Diego Rivera Acosta. Diego had a twin brother named Carlos, who died two years after they were born. Rivera was said to have Converso ancestry (having ancestors who were forced to convert from Judaism to Catholicism). Rivera wrote in 1935: \\\"My Jewishness is the dominant element in my life.\\\" Rivera began drawing at the age of three, a year after his twin brother's death. He had been caught drawing on the walls. His parents, rather than punishing him, installed chalkboards and canvas on\",\n \"title\": \"Diego Rivera\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"530550\",\n \"text\": \"million (€8.9 million). Duchamp works Essays by Duchamp General resources Audio and video Marcel Duchamp Henri-Robert-Marcel Duchamp (; ; 28 July 1887 – 2 October 1968) was a French-American painter, sculptor, chess player, and writer whose work is associated with Cubism, Dada, and conceptual art, although he was careful about his use of the term Dada and was not directly associated with Dada groups. Duchamp is commonly regarded, along with Pablo Picasso and Henri Matisse, as one of the three artists who helped to define the revolutionary developments in the plastic arts in the opening decades of the 20th century,\",\n \"title\": \"Marcel Duchamp\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2983864\",\n \"text\": \"to the Rock Music Business\\\" was published in 1996. His anthology of poetry \\\"Bloodstones and Rhythmic Beasts\\\" was published 2005. Knopfler was born in Glasgow, Scotland, to an English mother, Louisa Mary, a teacher, and a Hungarian Jewish father, Erwin Knopfler, an architect. When Knopfler was two, his family moved to Newcastle upon Tyne, England, where he grew up and later attended Gosforth Grammar School. By the age of 11, Knopfler owned a guitar, a piano and a drum kit, and by the age of 14, he was playing and singing his own compositions in folk clubs. After attending Bristol\",\n \"title\": \"David Knopfler\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20860687\",\n \"text\": \"Staffan Ahrenberg Staffan Ahrenberg (born 27 September 1957 in Stockholm) is the owner and publisher of the French publishing house Cahiers d'art, an art collector, entrepreneur and film producer. Born the second child of businessman and art collector Theodor Ahrenberg (1912–89) and Ulla Ahrenberg (born Frisell), Ahrenberg spent his childhood in Stockholm and Chexbres, Switzerland, where the family relocated in 1962. He was exposed to art from a young age through his father’s extensive collection, assembled between the late 1940s and 1980s and featuring works by Pablo Picasso, Henri Matisse, Marc Chagall, Le Corbusier, Olle Bærtling, Sam Francis, Mark Tobey\",\n \"title\": \"Staffan Ahrenberg\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4597\",\n \"text\": \"were working-class Lemko emigrants from Mikó, Austria-Hungary (now called Miková, located in today's northeastern Slovakia). Warhol's father emigrated to the United States in 1914, and his mother joined him in 1921, after the death of Warhol's grandparents. Warhol's father worked in a coal mine. The family lived at 55 Beelen Street and later at 3252 Dawson Street in the Oakland neighborhood of Pittsburgh. The family was Ruthenian Catholic and attended St. John Chrysostom Byzantine Catholic Church. Andy Warhol had two older brothers—Pavol (Paul), the oldest, was born before the family emigrated; Ján was born in Pittsburgh. Pavol's son, James Warhola,\",\n \"title\": \"Andy Warhol\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19630643\",\n \"text\": \"the 1935 farce of the same name on which the 1936 film, \\\"It's You I Want\\\" is based. Over 40 years later, he was retired from films and working as an art restorer, living in New York's East Village, when he was cast in Andy Warhol's 1968 film, \\\"Flesh\\\". Maurice Braddell Maurice Braddell (23 November 1900 – 28 July 1990) was an English actor, author and art restorer. Maurice Braddell was born in Folkestone, Kent, England, and lived in New York City for much of his life. He was the son of Sir Thomas Braddell and Lady Violet Nassau (Kirby)\",\n \"title\": \"Maurice Braddell\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9910124\",\n \"text\": \"church bought a farm in a rural part of Allegheny County. Since then, suburban growth has spread to meet the graveyard. The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania took part of the cemetery grounds to expand Connor Road, and the Port Authority of Allegheny County annexed more of its land for a trolley station. The cemetery is best known as the burial site of the American artist Andy Warhol and his parents. Warhol's fans make pilgrimages to this cemetery and leave tokens including cans of soup on his grave stone to honor his life. St. John the Baptist Byzantine Catholic Cemetery St. John\",\n \"title\": \"St. John the Baptist Byzantine Catholic Cemetery\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1545012\",\n \"text\": \"cultural infrastructure and the artistic heritage have culminated in the nomination of Málaga as a candidate for the 2016 European Capital of Culture. The painter and sculptor Pablo Picasso, Hebrew poet and Jewish philosopher Solomon Ibn Gabirol and the actor Antonio Banderas were born in Málaga. The magnum opus of Cuban composer Ernesto Lecuona, \\\"Malagueña\\\", is named after the music of this region of Spain. The most important business sectors in Málaga are tourism, construction and technology services, but other sectors such as transportation and logistics are beginning to expand. The Andalusia Technology Park (PTA), located in Málaga, has enjoyed\",\n \"title\": \"Málaga\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2002434\",\n \"text\": \"Damien Hirst Damien Steven Hirst (; born 7 June 1965) is an English artist, entrepreneur, and art collector. He is one of the Young British Artists (YBAs), who dominated the art scene in the UK during the 1990s. He is reportedly the United Kingdom's richest living artist, with his wealth valued at £215m in the 2010 \\\"Sunday Times\\\" Rich List. During the 1990s his career was closely linked with the collector Charles Saatchi, but increasing frictions came to a head in 2003 and the relationship ended. Death is a central theme in Hirst's works. He became famous for a series\",\n \"title\": \"Damien Hirst\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"530479\",\n \"text\": \"Marcel Duchamp Henri-Robert-Marcel Duchamp (; ; 28 July 1887 – 2 October 1968) was a French-American painter, sculptor, chess player, and writer whose work is associated with Cubism, Dada, and conceptual art, although he was careful about his use of the term Dada and was not directly associated with Dada groups. Duchamp is commonly regarded, along with Pablo Picasso and Henri Matisse, as one of the three artists who helped to define the revolutionary developments in the plastic arts in the opening decades of the 20th century, responsible for significant developments in painting and sculpture. Duchamp has had an immense\",\n \"title\": \"Marcel Duchamp\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7218594\",\n \"text\": \"Charles Camoin Charles Camoin (; 23 September 1879 – 20 May 1965) was a French expressionist landscape painter associated with the Fauves. Born in Marseille, France, Camoin met Henri Matisse in Gustave Moreau's class at the Ecole des Beaux Arts in Paris. Matisse and his friends (including Camoin, Henri Manguin, Albert Marquet, Georges Rouault, André Derain and Maurice de Vlaminck), formed the original group of artists labeled the Fauves (meaning \\\"the wild beasts\\\") for their wild, expressionist-like use of color. Camoin always remained close to Matisse. He painted a portrait of Matisse, which is in the permanent collection of the\",\n \"title\": \"Charles Camoin\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4659\",\n \"text\": \"bottle of the Estee Lauder perfume \\\"Beautiful\\\" into the grave. Warhol was buried next to his mother and father. A memorial service was held in Manhattan for Warhol on April 1, 1987, at St. Patrick's Cathedral, New York. Warhol's will dictated that his entire estate—with the exception of a few modest legacies to family members—would go to create a foundation dedicated to the \\\"advancement of the visual arts\\\". Warhol had so many possessions that it took Sotheby's nine days to auction his estate after his death; the auction grossed more than US$20 million. In 1987, in accordance with Warhol's will,\",\n \"title\": \"Andy Warhol\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"797942\",\n \"text\": \"J. M. W. Turner Joseph Mallord William Turner (23 April 177519 December 1851), known as J. M. W. Turner and contemporarily as William Turner, was an English Romantic painter, printmaker and watercolourist. He is known for his expressive colourisations, imaginative landscapes and turbulent, often violent marine paintings. Turner was born in Maiden Lane, Covent Garden, London, to a modest lower middle-class family. He lived in London all his life, retaining his Cockney accent and assiduously avoiding the trappings of success and fame. A child prodigy, Turner studied at the Royal Academy of Arts from 1789, enrolling when he was 14,\",\n \"title\": \"J. M. W. Turner\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19233477\",\n \"text\": \"Hans Zatzka Hans Zatzka (8 March 1859 – 17 December 1945 (or 1949)) was an Austrian Academic and fantasy painter. He has sometimes been known as P. Ronsard, Pierre de Ronsard, or H. Zabateri, and had signed many of his works as Joseph Bernard, J. Bernard, or Bernard Zatzka. The purpose of Zatzka's vast array of pseudonyms was to avoid penalties of breaking contracts which limited the amount of artwork he could sell. This has caused some art databases to conflate Zatzka's work under the pseudonym Joseph Bernard with the French sculptor with the same name. Hans Zatzka was born\",\n \"title\": \"Hans Zatzka\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7490110\",\n \"text\": \"Bruno Bischofberger Bruno Bischofberger (born 1940) is an art dealer and gallerist from Zurich, Switzerland, and a major figure in the international art market for several decades. He is especially known for bringing American pop art to Europe in the 1960s, and American Neo-Expressionism in the 1980s, his long association with Andy Warhol, and for expanding the use of big money in the European contemporary art market. Bruno Bischofberger was born in 1940. The son of a Zurich doctor, he began collecting antiques at an early age. He studied at the University of Zurich, with a doctoral dissertation on Swiss\",\n \"title\": \"Bruno Bischofberger\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4645\",\n \"text\": \"about his interest in thinking about art as business in \\\"The Philosophy of Andy Warhol from A to B and Back Again\\\". Warhol was gay. Interviewed in 1980, he indicated that he was still a virgin. Biographer Bob Colacello, who was present at the interview, felt it was probably true and that what little sex he had was probably \\\"a mixture of voyeurism and masturbation—to use [Andy's] word \\\"abstract\\\"\\\". Warhol's assertion of virginity would seem to be contradicted by his hospital treatment in 1960 for condylomata, a sexually transmitted disease. It has also been contradicted by his lovers, including Warhol\",\n \"title\": \"Andy Warhol\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"743398\",\n \"text\": \"She was born at Flower Hospital (now the Terence Cardinal Cooke Health Care Center), 1249 5th Avenue, Manhattan, on December 2, 1923, to Greek parents, George Kalogeropoulos (c. 1881 – 1972) and Elmina Evangelia \\\"Litsa\\\" (née Demes; originally Dimitriadou; c. 1894 – 1982), although she was christened Maria Anna Cecilia Sofia Kalogeropoulos (). Callas's father had shortened the surname Kalogeropoulos first to \\\"Kalos\\\" and subsequently to \\\"Callas\\\" in order to make it more manageable. George and Litsa were an ill-matched couple from the beginning; he was easy-going and unambitious, with no interest in the arts, while his wife was vivacious\",\n \"title\": \"Maria Callas\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13750810\",\n \"text\": \"Don Rubbo Don Rubbo (December 5, 1926 – January 1979) was a mentor and guide of Peter Max and an affiliate of Andy Warhol in the mid-1960s. His philosophy of \\\"life is art, art is life\\\" inspired and influenced many of his students. Admondo Dondes Rubbo was born in New Haven, Connecticut. In February 1945, at the age of eighteen, he enlisted in the army where he received three medals for his service to his country. After the war, he settled in New York City, and in 1952 he married Maria Fontanes. They had seven children, Edmund, Linda, Donald, Robert,\",\n \"title\": \"Don Rubbo\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14198637\",\n \"text\": \"painting studio, where the younger Picasso did some of his first artwork. Furthermore, from the windows of the new staircases added for the museum, one can see the tower of the church of Santiago, where Picasso was baptized. Museo Picasso Málaga The Museo Picasso Málaga is a museum in Málaga, Andalusia, Spain, the city where artist Pablo Ruiz Picasso was born. It opened in 2003 in the Buenavista Palace, and has 285 works donated by members of Picasso's family. In 2009, the Fundación Paul, Christine y Bernard Ruiz-Picasso that owned the collection merged with the Fundación Museo Picasso Málaga that\",\n \"title\": \"Museo Picasso Málaga\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7707011\",\n \"text\": \"weeks. This is the third Bridge on the site, the first being demolished in early 1884, it's replacement, began construction in 1884, and was open to traffic by 1887. Andy Warhol Bridge Andy Warhol Bridge, also known as the Seventh Street Bridge, spans the Allegheny River in Downtown Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania and is the only bridge in the United States named for a visual artist. It was opened at a cost of $1.5 million on June 17, 1926 in a ceremony attended by 2,000. Named for the artist Andy Warhol, a Pittsburgh native, it is one of three parallel bridges called\",\n \"title\": \"Andy Warhol Bridge\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4644\",\n \"text\": \"were written with Pat Hackett.) He adopted the young painter Jean-Michel Basquiat, and the band The Velvet Underground, presenting them to the public as his latest interest, and collaborating with them. One might even say that he produced people (as in the Warholian \\\"Superstar\\\" and the Warholian portrait). He endorsed products, appeared in commercials, and made frequent celebrity guest appearances on television shows and in films (he appeared in everything from \\\"Love Boat\\\" to \\\"Saturday Night Live\\\" and the Richard Pryor movie \\\"Dynamite Chicken\\\"). In this respect Warhol was a fan of \\\"Art Business\\\" and \\\"Business Art\\\"—he, in fact, wrote\",\n \"title\": \"Andy Warhol\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6967706\",\n \"text\": \"Hendrik Christian Andersen Hendrik Christian Andersen (April 15, 1872 in Bergen – December 19, 1940 in Rome) was a Norwegian-American sculptor, painter and urban planner. Andersen was born in Bergen, Norway, of parents Anders Andersen from Lærdal and Helene Monsine Monsen from Bergen. He emigrated as an infant with his family to Newport, Rhode Island the following year. As a young man in Newport, Andersen began his work as a sculptor and learned to mingle among the city's wealthy elite, including serving as an art instructor for Gertrude Vanderbilt Whitney. In 1893, Andersen traveled to Europe to study art and\",\n \"title\": \"Hendrik Christian Andersen\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"68831\",\n \"text\": \"the figures to a scale that, according to the art historian Christopher John Murray, directs \\\"the viewer's gaze towards their metaphysical dimension\\\". Friedrich was born in the town of Greifswald on the Baltic Sea in what was at the time Swedish Pomerania. He studied in Copenhagen until 1798, before settling in Dresden. He came of age during a period when, across Europe, a growing disillusionment with materialistic society was giving rise to a new appreciation of spirituality. This shift in ideals was often expressed through a reevaluation of the natural world, as artists such as Friedrich, J. M. W. Turner\",\n \"title\": \"Caspar David Friedrich\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"640539\",\n \"text\": \"a boarding house on East 79th Street. He was joined by the rest of the family once Rabbi Weiss found permanent housing. As a child, Ehrich Weiss took several jobs, making his public début as a 9-year-old trapeze artist, calling himself \\\"Ehrich, the Prince of the Air\\\". He was also a champion cross country runner in his youth. When Weiss became a professional magician he began calling himself \\\"Harry Houdini\\\", after the French magician Jean Eugène Robert-Houdin, after reading Robert-Houdin's autobiography in 1890. Weiss incorrectly believed that an \\\"i\\\" at the end of a name meant \\\"like\\\" in French. In\",\n \"title\": \"Harry Houdini\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"282271\",\n \"text\": \"Michelangelo Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni or more commonly known by his first name Michelangelo (; ; 6 March 1475 – 18 February 1564) was an Italian sculptor, painter, architect and poet of the High Renaissance born in the Republic of Florence, who exerted an unparalleled influence on the development of Western art. Considered by many the greatest artist of his lifetime, and by some the greatest artist of all time, his artistic versatility was of such a high order that he is often considered a contender for the title of the archetypal Renaissance man, along with his rival, the\",\n \"title\": \"Michelangelo\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20083814\",\n \"text\": \"Richard Bernstein (artist) Richard Frederick Bernstein (October 31, 1939 - October 18, 2002) was an American artist associated with Pop art and the circle of Andy Warhol. For nearly 20 years he was the cover artist for \\\"Interview Magazine\\\". Bernstein was born on October 31, 1939, in New York City to a family with an older brother, David and younger sister, Ellen. His father, Herbert Bernstein, was a clothing manufacturer and his mother, Florence, was a homemaker. His mother first took him to the Museum of Modern Art children's school, where he saw works by Piet Mondrian, Pablo Picasso, and\",\n \"title\": \"Richard Bernstein (artist)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2902284\",\n \"text\": \"home of Andy Warhol, and later the residence of fellow pop artist Keith Haring. Haring had his first art show while living in Oakland. NFL Hall of Fame Quarterback Dan Marino was also born in Oakland, not far from Warhol's home. Dan Marino Field on Frazier Street was named in honor of its native son. Although they were not contemporaries, Warhol and Marino grew up on the same block with their former houses only a few doors apart. West Oakland, the smallest of the four districts, is bordered by Fifth Avenue in the south, DeSoto Street in the east, the\",\n \"title\": \"Oakland (Pittsburgh)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5676960\",\n \"text\": \"Monet Mazur Monet H. Mazur (born April 17, 1976) is an American film and television actress. Mazur was born in Los Angeles, California, the daughter of Ruby Mazur, an illustrator known for creating the \\\"tongue\\\" logo for the Rolling Stones, and her mother Valerie Chasin, who was a model. Mazur is the oldest of four siblings, the only daughter, all given first names that are the last names of famous artists (Monet, a brother named for Matisse, and twin brothers named for Cézanne and Miro). Mazur is of Jewish ancestry on her father's side. Mazur's cousin is Epic Mazur of\",\n \"title\": \"Monet Mazur\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2803607\",\n \"text\": \"Warhol superstars Warhol superstars were a clique of New York City personalities promoted by the pop artist Andy Warhol during the 1960s and early 1970s. These personalities appeared in Warhol's artworks and accompanied him in his social life, epitomizing his famous dictum, \\\"In the future everyone will be famous for fifteen minutes\\\". Warhol would simply film them, and declare them \\\"superstars\\\". The first recognised superstar was Baby Jane Holzer, whom Warhol featured in many of his early film experiments. The superstars would help Warhol generate publicity while Warhol offered fame and attention in return. Warhol's philosophies of art and celebrity\",\n \"title\": \"Warhol superstars\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5384144\",\n \"text\": \"is a young heiress studying art in Cambridge, Massachusetts. She moves to New York City with her friend, Chuck Wein (Jimmy Fallon). She is introduced to pop art painter and film-maker Andy Warhol (Guy Pearce), who is intrigued by the beautiful, clearly troubled socialite. He asks her to perform in one of his underground, experimental films. She agrees and goes on to star in several of Andy's projects, becoming his muse. She and Chuck become part of the tightly-knit, bohemian social scene at Andy's famous art studio, the Silver Factory. Edie's status as a Warhol superstar and rising youthquake fashion\",\n \"title\": \"Factory Girl (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4646\",\n \"text\": \"muse BillyBoy, who has said they had sex to orgasm: \\\"When he wasn't being Andy Warhol and when you were just alone with him he was an incredibly generous and very kind person. What seduced me was the Andy Warhol who I saw alone. In fact when I was with him in public he kind of got on my nerves...I'd say: 'You're just obnoxious, I can't bear you.\\\" Billy Name also denied that Warhol was only a voyeur, saying: \\\"He was the essence of sexuality. It permeated everything. Andy exuded it, along with his great artistic creativity...It brought a joy\",\n \"title\": \"Andy Warhol\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4393649\",\n \"text\": \"James Warhola James Warhola (born March 16, 1955) is an American artist who has illustrated more than two dozen children's picture books since 1987. A native of Smock, a coal-mining region in Fayette County, Pennsylvania, near Pittsburgh, and of Ukrainian or Rusyn origin, he is the son of Paul Warhola, Andy Warhol's oldest brother. Warhola received a BFA degree in design from Carnegie Mellon University in 1977. From 1977 to 1980 he studied at the Art Students League of New York with Jack Faragasso, then privately with Michael Aviano. Warhola briefly worked for Andy Warhol at \\\"Interview\\\" magazine but left\",\n \"title\": \"James Warhola\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13470737\",\n \"text\": \"magnificent Provençal embossed polychrome gilded Córdoba leather paneling lining the library and ceremonial reception room, was removed by the buyers. In 1947 it was transformed into a vacation centre for a maritime welfare organization, \\\"l'Association pour la gestion des institutions sociales maritimes\\\". After passing through a series of other owners, the vacant property was finally shown on a whim to the Spanish painter, born in Málaga, Pablo Picasso, in September 1958 by the collector and art critic Douglas Cooper. Picasso was returning from a corrida to attend an exhibition of his own works at the Vendôme pavilion in Aix-en-Provence; he\",\n \"title\": \"Château of Vauvenargues\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16077573\",\n \"text\": \"Roger Schlaifer Roger L. Schlaifer (born February 23, 1945) is an American graphic designer, writer, inventor and licensing agent. He is best known for his creative development and worldwide licensing of Cabbage Patch Kids and the name and works of Andy Warhol. Schlaifer grew up in the Washington, D.C. suburb of Silver Spring, Maryland where he attended Montgomery Blair High School, also the alma mater of Nora Roberts, Goldie Hawn, Ben Stein, Carl Bernstein and Connie Chung. Schlaifer is a 1967 graduate of Syracuse University with a BFA in illustration, and a master's degree in advertising. He took a leave\",\n \"title\": \"Roger Schlaifer\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4652\",\n \"text\": \"was not observed taking Communion or going to Confession and sat or knelt in the pews at the back. The priest thought he was afraid of being recognized; Warhol said he was self-conscious about being seen in a Roman Rite church crossing himself \\\"in the Orthodox way\\\" (right to left instead of the reverse). His art is noticeably influenced by the Eastern Christian tradition which was so evident in his places of worship. Warhol's brother has described the artist as \\\"really religious, but he didn't want people to know about that because [it was] private\\\". Despite the private nature of\",\n \"title\": \"Andy Warhol\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11777978\",\n \"text\": \"from pre-Columbian Peru home of his paternal grandmother. He created a series of bottle shapes incorporating sculptural depictions. In the last year of his life these evolved into a surreal series of screaming agonizing ceramic vessels. In interviews with journalists he clearly stated that his namesake had been a hindrance to his career. Although his work would never become a pillar of modern art like his father's, his oeuvre was totally original and not a pastiche based on a recognizable name. He expressed that bearing the Gauguin name had been a barrier to museums and art critiques accepting his work\",\n \"title\": \"Jean René Gauguin\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13382943\",\n \"text\": \"1490s in poetry Nationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature (for instance, Irish or France). 1491: 1492: 1493: 1494: 1495: 1496: 1497: 1498: 1499: Death years link to the corresponding \\\"[year] in poetry\\\" article. There are conflicting or unreliable sources for the birth years of many people born in this period; where sources conflict, the poet is listed again and the conflict is noted: 1490: 1491: 1492: 1493: 1494: 1495: 1496: 1497: 1498: 1499: Birth years link to the corresponding \\\"[year] in poetry\\\" article: 1490: 1491: 1492: 1493: 1494: 1495: 1496: 1497: 1498: 1499:\",\n \"title\": \"1490s in poetry\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12725632\",\n \"text\": \"belongings being contaminated by mold. Radon is an odorless gas that has been shown to increase risk of lung cancer. Basement suite tenants are more likely to be injured or die due to a fire in the house. Many landlords do not follow fire code regulations, and often such regulations are not enforced by governments. A number of noted artistic achievements have occurred in basement apartments occupied by struggling authors, painters, and musicians. Andy Warhol made one of his earliest films, \\\"Mrs. Warhol\\\" (black-and-white, 66 minutes), in the basement apartment of his house, where his mother (Julia Warhola) lived. Ruth\",\n \"title\": \"Basement apartment\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7486473\",\n \"text\": \"A. R. Penck Ralf Winkler, alias A. R. Penck, \\\"Mike Hammer\\\", \\\"T. M.\\\", \\\"Mickey Spilane\\\", \\\"Theodor Marx\\\", \\\"\\\"a. Y.\\\"\\\" or just \\\"\\\"Y\\\"\\\" (5 October 1939 – 2 May 2017) was a German painter, printmaker, sculptor, and jazz drummer. Penck was born in Dresden, Germany. In his early teens he took painting and drawing lessons with Jürgen Böttcher, known by the pseudonym Strawalde, and joined with him to form the renegade artists’ group (“Dresden” spelled backward). He later worked for a year as a trainee draftsman at the state advertising agency in Dresden. After failing to gain admission to the fine-arts\",\n \"title\": \"A. R. Penck\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15946718\",\n \"text\": \"Stuart Pivar Stuart Pivar (born 1930) is a chemist, art collector and author from Brooklyn, New York. Pivar earned a B.Sc in chemistry at Hofstra University. An inventor, he made a large fortune in plastics, founding Chem-Tainer industries in 1959. The business specialised in bulk-storage plastic containers. While remaining active in the plastics industry, he became an independently wealthy investor and buyer on the art scene. Pivar soon met Andy Warhol, becoming one of his closest longtime friends. With Warhol he would go on regular shopping trips to buy \\\"masterpieces\\\", which could be objects bought anywhere, from a high-end auction\",\n \"title\": \"Stuart Pivar\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15453937\",\n \"text\": \"Rotten Rita in the song \\\"Halloween Parade\\\" on the 1989 album \\\"New York\\\". Writing about his first year in New York City for the New York Times, in 2000, Reed recalled returning to find his apartment trashed, and the front door, \\\"which hung off its hinges\\\", had a poem by Rita carved into it. Rotten Rita Rotten Rita (real name Kenneth Rapp), was an influential denizen of Andy Warhol's The Factory and was sometimes referred to as \\\"The Mayor\\\". Although he worked by day in a fabric store, he spent many nights at the Factory bringing his unique influences to\",\n \"title\": \"Rotten Rita\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"211386\",\n \"text\": \"and again in 1994 as a solo artist. Lennon was born on 9 October 1940 at Liverpool Maternity Hospital, to Julia (née Stanley) (1914–1958) and Alfred Lennon (1912–1976). Alfred was a merchant seaman of Irish descent who was away at the time of his son's birth. His parents named him John Winston Lennon after his paternal grandfather, John \\\"Jack\\\" Lennon, and Prime Minister Winston Churchill. His father was often away from home but sent regular pay cheques to 9Newcastle Road, Liverpool, where Lennon lived with his mother; the cheques stopped when he went absent without leave in February 1944. When\",\n \"title\": \"John Lennon\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18247123\",\n \"text\": \"Terry Hirst Terry Hirst was a cartoonist and one of the leading figures in Africa's post-independence \\\"golden age\\\" of art and scholarship from the mid-1960s to the early 1980s which saw a flowering of work in the arts, cinema and the academic world. Terry Hirst was born in 1932 in Brighton in England. In 1965, Hirst moved to Kenya where he was to spend the rest of his life. Terry Hirst grew up in Brighton in southern England. From an early age Hirst knew that he wanted to be an artist. He was always drawing and every morning as he\",\n \"title\": \"Terry Hirst\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"708709\",\n \"text\": \"in the medium of cut paper collage. His mastery of the expressive language of colour and drawing, displayed in a body of work spanning over a half-century, won him recognition as a leading figure in modern art. Matisse was born in Le Cateau-Cambrésis, in the Nord department in northern France, the oldest son of a prosperous grain merchant. He grew up in Bohain-en-Vermandois, Picardie, France. In 1887 he went to Paris to study law, working as a court administrator in Le Cateau-Cambrésis after gaining his qualification. He first started to paint in 1889, after his mother brought him art supplies\",\n \"title\": \"Henri Matisse\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"51795\",\n \"text\": \"publication in the USSR. Pasternak was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1958, an event which enraged the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, which forced him to decline the prize, though his descendants were later to accept it in his name in 1988. Doctor Zhivago has been part of the main Russian school curriculum since 2003. Pasternak was born in Moscow on 10 February, into a wealthy assimilated Jewish family. His father was the Post-Impressionist painter, Leonid Pasternak, professor at the Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture, and Architecture. His mother was Rosa Kaufman, a concert pianist and the\",\n \"title\": \"Boris Pasternak\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12186169\",\n \"text\": \"Joan Fontcuberta Joan Fontcuberta (born 24 February 1955) is a conceptual artist whose best-known works, such as \\\"Fauna\\\" and \\\"Sputnik\\\", examine the truthfulness of photography. In addition, he is a writer, editor, teacher, and curator. Fontcuberta was born in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. He received a degree in communications from the Autonomous University of Barcelona in 1977. He worked in advertising in his early career, and his family had also worked in advertising. From 1979 to 1986 he was a professor at the Faculty of Fine Arts of the University of Barcelona, after which he earned a living through his art.\",\n \"title\": \"Joan Fontcuberta\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1496527\",\n \"text\": \"In the autumn of 2003, the Moholy-Nagy Foundation, Inc. was established as a source of information about Moholy-Nagy's life and works. In 2016, the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum in New York exhibited a retrospective of Moholy-Nagy's work that included painting, film, photography, and sculpture. László Moholy-Nagy László Moholy-Nagy (; ; born László Weisz; July 20, 1895 – November 24, 1946) was a Hungarian painter and photographer as well as a professor in the Bauhaus school. He was highly influenced by constructivism and a strong advocate of the integration of technology and industry into the arts. Moholy-Nagy was born \\\"László Weisz\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"László Moholy-Nagy\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1354438\",\n \"text\": \"Barbara Hepworth Dame Jocelyn Barbara Hepworth (10 January 1903 – 20 May 1975) was an English artist and sculptor. Her work exemplifies Modernism and in particular modern sculpture. She was one of the few female artists of her generation to achieve international prominence. Along with artists such as Ben Nicholson and Naum Gabo, Hepworth was a leading figure in the colony of artists who resided in St Ives during the Second World War. Jocelyn Barbara Hepworth was born on 10 January 1903 in Wakefield, West Riding of Yorkshire, the eldest child of Gertrude and Herbert Hepworth. Her father was a\",\n \"title\": \"Barbara Hepworth\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3154971\",\n \"text\": \"Alfredo Pérez Rubalcaba, with the poet and dramatist Federico García Lorca, and with the painter Pablo Ruiz Picasso. As these people's paternal names are very common, they are often called with their maternal names (Rubalcaba, Lorca, Picasso). It would nonetheless be a mistake to index José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero under Z as \\\"Zapatero\\\", or Federico García Lorca under L as \\\"Lorca\\\". In an English-speaking environment, Spanish-named people sometimes hyphenate their surnames to avoid Anglophone confusion or to fill in forms with only one space provided for last name, thus: Mr. José Antonio Gómez-Iglesias. A practical option to spare an explanation\",\n \"title\": \"Spanish naming customs\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18261912\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"I met him\\\" he said \\\"He was a real Bohemian: long white hair, cape, iron foot. I fell in love with the whole idea of being a Bohemian, before they said \\\"beatnik\\\".\\\" Thus inspired by Neave, and already much attracted to French art, Dury began to call himself \\\"Toulouse\\\" after the disabled painter Toulouse Lautrec. In 1959, Neave was featured in the Roundabout column of \\\"The Spectator\\\" explaining his view of why the bohemian had declined in London. He claimed to be aged 77. The same year, he appeared in the BBC's television programme \\\"Soho Story\\\", quoting Omar Khayyam. One\",\n \"title\": \"Iron Foot Jack\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17666829\",\n \"text\": \"is currently writing a comprehensive biography of Andy Warhol, which was bought by publisher HarperCollins. In 2014 Gopnik was named a 2015-2016 resident biography fellow at the Leon Levy Center for Biography at City University of New York and is a recipient of a Cullman Fellowship at the New York Public Library for 2017-2018. Blake Gopnik Blake Gopnik (born 1963 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania) is an American art critic who has lived in New York City since 2011. He previously spent a decade as chief art critic of \\\"The Washington Post\\\" and before that was an arts editor and critic in\",\n \"title\": \"Blake Gopnik\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4473209\",\n \"text\": \"the paparazzi have accelerated this trend, turning what may have before been isolated coverage into continuing media coverage even after the initial reason for media interest has passed. On their 1987 album Yoyo Bourgeois Tagg have a song called 15 Minutes In The Sun that is a direct reference to the Warhol statement. In the song \\\"I Can't Read\\\", released by David Bowie's Tin Machine in their 1989 debut album and re-released by Bowie in 1997 for the soundtrack of the movie \\\"The Ice Storm\\\", the phrase is used in direct reference to Andy Warhol: \\\"Andy, where's my 15 minutes?\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"15 minutes of fame\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9470244\",\n \"text\": \"the theories of Freudian psychology led to the depiction of the dream and the unconscious in art in work by Salvador Dalí. Kandinsky's introduction of non-representational art preceded the 1950s American Abstract Expressionist school, including Jackson Pollock, who dripped paint onto the canvas, and Mark Rothko, who created large areas of flat colour. Detachment from the world of imagery was reversed in the 1960s by the Pop Art movement, notably Andy Warhol, where brash commercial imagery became a Fine Art staple. Warhol also minimised the role of the artist, often employing assistants to make his work and using mechanical means\",\n \"title\": \"20th-century art\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13649313\",\n \"text\": \"a result of tension between ethnic minority communities and the city's white majority, stoked by the Anti-Nazi League and the National Front. There were 297 arrests; 187 people charged with riot, 45 with violent disorder leading to 200 jail sentences totalling 604 years. \\\"Only a few particularly notable names are listed here.\\\" Among Bradford born people who made significant contributions to the arts were David Hockney, painter, draughtsman, printmaker, stage designer and photographer, who was born in the city and educated at Bradford Grammar School. Frederick Delius (1862–1934) was a composer born to a family of German descent in the\",\n \"title\": \"Bradford\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1779501\",\n \"text\": \"on writing, painting, and printmaking careers. William (Holly) Johnson was born on 9 February 1960 in Liverpool to Eric and Pat (née McGlouchlin) Johnson. Johnson was the third of four children and was nicknamed Billy as a child. He started his education in Liverpool at St Mary's Church of England primary school and at age eleven went to the Liverpool Collegiate School in Everton. At fourteen, Johnson took on the name Holly, inspired by actress Holly Woodlawn, a friend of Andy Warhol. During his second year at the Liverpool Collegiate, Johnson and his friend were teased and nicknamed \\\"Jolly Johnson\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"Holly Johnson\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"530480\",\n \"text\": \"impact on twentieth-century and twenty first-century art, and he had a seminal influence on the development of conceptual art. By World War I, he had rejected the work of many of his fellow artists (such as Henri Matisse) as \\\"retinal\\\" art, intended only to please the eye. Instead, Duchamp wanted to use art to serve the mind. Marcel Duchamp was born at Blainville-Crevon in Normandy, France, and grew up in a family that enjoyed cultural activities. The art of painter and engraver , his maternal grandfather, filled the house, and the family liked to play chess, read books, paint, and\",\n \"title\": \"Marcel Duchamp\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"compressed_ctxs_1":{"kind":"string","value":"{\n \"compressed_prompt\": \"Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\\n\\ntitle: Andy Warhol context: very collectible and highly valuable. The highest price ever paid for a Warhol painting is US$105 million for a 1963 canvas titled \\\"Silver Car Crash (Double Disaster)\\\"; his works include some of the most expensive paintings ever sold. A 2009 article in \\\"The Economist\\\" described Warhol as the \\\"bellwether of the art market\\\". War was born on August 6, 1928, in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. He was the fourth child of Ondrej Warhola (Americanized as Andrew Warhola, Sr., 1889–1942) and Julia (\\\"née\\\" Zavacká, 1892–1972), whose first child was born in their homeland and died before their move to the U.S. His parents\\n\\nWhat was art-world guru Andy Warhol's name at birth?\",\n \"compressed_tokens\": 218,\n \"origin_tokens\": 219,\n \"ratio\": \"1.0x\",\n \"saving\": \", Saving $0.0 in GPT-4.\"\n}"},"compressed_ctxs_100":{"kind":"string","value":"{\n \"compressed_prompt\": \"Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\\n\\ntitle: Stage name context: \\\"h\\\" from his original name Stumph. It was still pronounced \\\"stump,\\\" but the change ensured his audience wouldn't think to pronounce it \\\"stumf.\\\" Singer Jason Derulo uses the phonetic spelling of his given name, Jason Desrouleaux. Andy Warhol dropped an \\\"a\\\" from his original name, Warhola, while couturier Yves Mathieu-Saint-Laurent dropped the first of his two surnames. Rodolfo Alfonso Raffaello Piero Filiberto Guglielmi adopted the stage name Rudolph Valentino in part because American casting directors found his original surname difficult to pronounce. Singer George Michael (the son of a Greek Cypriot restaurateur in North London) was born Georgios Kyriacos Panayiotou.\\n\\ntitle customs context: Alfred Pérez Rubalc, the poet and dramat Federico García Lor, and the Pablo Ruiz Picasso. people's paternal names common, they are with their maternal namesRubalc Lorca Picasso). It would nonetheless a mistake to index José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero under as \\\"Zapatero\\\", Feder Lorca asLorca\\\". In an Englishspeaking environment,-named sometimes hyphenate their surn avoid Anglo or to in with only provided last name José GóIgles. A practical option to explanation\\n\\ntitle Ediewick context: was the older brother of M Sed With her twentyfirst birthday, in, her of Sedwick an $0 trust fund her maternal grand and a new life in to purs a. 1965, Sedgwick met andgarde filmmaker at aester alyward she frequent visitor to Factory, Wars studio During one her vis, Warhol filming \\\"Vyl\\\", his interpretation the novel C Orange\\\". Despite \\\"in\\\"s-male\\ntitle Juliaola Julia89— of the American born Júlia Justína Zavacká to a peasant family in the Rusyn village of Miková, Austria-Hungary (now in northeast Slovakia) and married Andrij Varkhola (Americanized as Andrew Warhola) there in 1909. He emigrated to the United States soon after, and in 1921 she followed him to Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The couple had three children: Paul, John, and Andrew (Andy). The family lived at several Pittsburgh addresses, but beginning in 1932 at 3252 Dawson Street in the Oakland neighborhood of the city.\\n\\nWhat was art-world guru Andy Warhol's name at birth?\",\n \"compressed_tokens\": 560,\n \"origin_tokens\": 15184,\n \"ratio\": \"27.1x\",\n \"saving\": \", Saving $0.9 in GPT-4.\"\n}"}}},{"rowIdx":281,"cells":{"id":{"kind":"number","value":281,"string":"281"},"question":{"kind":"string","value":"What phrase did French impressionist artist Paul Cezanne teach his pet parrot to say over and over again?"},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["Cezanne is a great painter!"],"string":"[\n \"Cezanne is a great painter!\"\n]","isConversational":false},"target":{"kind":"string","value":"Cezanne is a great painter!"},"ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"id":"323852","text":"world by the most accurate method of representing it in paint that he could find. To this end, he structurally ordered whatever he perceived into simple forms and colour planes. His statement \"I want to make of impressionism something solid and lasting like the art in the museums\", and his contention that he was recreating Poussin \"after nature\" underscored his desire to unite observation of nature with the permanence of classical composition. Cézanne was interested in the simplification of naturally occurring forms to their geometric essentials: he wanted to \"treat nature by the cylinder, the sphere, the cone\" (a tree","title":"Paul Cézanne"},{"id":"323846","text":"Paul Cézanne Paul Cézanne ( or ; ; 19 January 1839 – 22 October 1906) was a French artist and Post-Impressionist painter whose work laid the foundations of the transition from the 19th-century conception of artistic endeavor to a new and radically different world of art in the 20th century. Cézanne's often repetitive, exploratory brushstrokes are highly characteristic and clearly recognizable. He used planes of colour and small brushstrokes that build up to form complex fields. The paintings convey Cézanne's intense study of his subjects. Cézanne is said to have formed the bridge between late 19th-century Impressionism and the early","title":"Paul Cézanne"},{"id":"323878","text":"for highest price for a painting; surpassed only by Leonardo da Vinci's \"Salvator Mundi\" in November 2017. Paul Cézanne Paul Cézanne ( or ; ; 19 January 1839 – 22 October 1906) was a French artist and Post-Impressionist painter whose work laid the foundations of the transition from the 19th-century conception of artistic endeavor to a new and radically different world of art in the 20th century. Cézanne's often repetitive, exploratory brushstrokes are highly characteristic and clearly recognizable. He used planes of colour and small brushstrokes that build up to form complex fields. The paintings convey Cézanne's intense study of","title":"Paul Cézanne"},{"id":"8593294","text":"asks the parrot, \"Polly want a cracker?\" The parrot changes his tune, \"Polly want a cracker! Polly want a cracker! Awk!\" Bugs hands him a lit firecracker, which promptly explodes, blasting all of the parrot's feathers off, leaving him dazed and smoldering. His last words before he faints are, \"Me and my big mouth!\" For the next part, Bugs poses as the now-unconscious parrot to lead Sam into a cannon. Bugs lights the fuse, and then, KABOOM! The cannon explodes and Sam falls out of the barrel. In a series of gags that mildly anticipate the \"Road Runner\" series, Bugs","title":"Buccaneer Bunny"},{"id":"15736209","text":"again with his smell, but fails. The dog then goes over to get a bottle of perfume and sprays it over himself and Pepé. Unable to stand the smell of perfume, Pepé runs off outside, jumps into the icy water and returns to thaw himself out in the fireplace, at which point he catches a cold himself. The pair finally agree to live with the colds and each other since neither can get rid of the other, and as they sneeze, they both say \"Gesundheit!\". Odor of the Day Odor of the Day is a 1948 animated short in the","title":"Odor of the Day"},{"id":"19502780","text":"\"I invented 'wet on wet', I trained him, and ... he thinks he can do it better.\" Art historians have pointed out that the \"wet-on-wet\" (or alla prima) technique actually originated in Flanders during the 15th century, and was used by Frans Hals, Diego Velázquez, Caravaggio, Paul Cezanne, John Singer Sargent, and Claude Monet, among many others. Ross was well known for the catchphrases he used while painting such as \"happy little trees\". In most episodes of \"The Joy of Painting\", Ross would note that one of his favorite parts of painting was cleaning the brush. Specifically, he was fond","title":"Bob Ross"},{"id":"327906","text":"the 1960s. Occasional examples in English were created in the 19th century. Several in French and Latin date to the [[Middle Ages]]. There are also line-unit palindromes. Palindromes often consist of a sentence or phrase, e.g., \"Mr. Owl ate my metal worm\", \"Was it a car or a cat I saw?\", \"Murder for a jar of red rum\" or \"Go hang a salami, I'm a lasagna hog\". Punctuation, capitalization, and spaces are usually ignored. Some, such as \"Rats live on no evil star\", \"Live on time, emit no evil\", and \"Step on no pets\", include the spaces. Semordnilap (palindromes spelled","title":"Palindrome"},{"id":"9649061","text":"allusion croaking \"Nevermore!\" (invoking Edgar Allan Poe’s 1845 poem, \"The Raven\"). The following week a dove is sent forth and subsequently returns with an olive branch, an indication of dry land. Shortly thereafter, God commands Noah to emerge from the ark (\"Come out with your wife and your sons and daughters there / and set the animals free and the birds of the air\"). The work closes with a waltz as God avows never to send another flood, a pledge confirmed by the newly created rainbow (\"This is my promise to you, the rainbow overhead: violet, indigo, blue and green,","title":"Captain Noah and His Floating Zoo"},{"id":"10096677","text":"is led by the paintings. Some of the world's most memorable art works are recreated, following the same techniques that the artists used at the time. The series reveals how Claude Monet, in a race against time to capture the light, took just 40 minutes to paint his seminal work \"Impression, Sunrise\"; why Édouard Manet's depiction of Olympia, in which his model brazenly gazes out of the canvas, so outraged Parisian society; and how Paul Cézanne's 60 paintings of one mountain, Montagne Saint-Victoire, helped to lay the foundations for Cubism and modern art. Julian Glover plays 80-year-old Monet, the \"Father","title":"The Impressionists (TV series)"},{"id":"786184","text":"\"howay\" (\"hurry up!\"; \"come on!\") \"Howay\" is broadly comparable to the invocation \"Come on!\" or the French \"Allez-y!\" (\"Go on!\"). Examples of common use include \"Howay man!\", meaning \"come on\" or \"hurry up\", \"Howay the lads!\" as a term of encouragement for a sports team for example (the players' tunnel at St James' Park has this phrase just above the entrance to the pitch), or \"Ho'way!?\" (with stress on the second syllable) expressing incredulity or disbelief. The literal opposite of this phrase is \"haddaway\" (\"go away\"); although not as common as \"howay\", it is perhaps most commonly used in the","title":"Geordie"},{"id":"8923850","text":"Angélique de Boer. The Talking Parrot was one of the ten original scenes from 1952, designed by Anton Pieck. The tale is about a naughty princess who used to mock people's voices and movements. She was turned into a parrot by an old fairy whom she ridiculed. When the girl regrets her sins, the fairy vetoes the spell and \"they live happily ever after\". The scene is depicted by the parrot, which records sounds for a few seconds at a time and then plays back any sounds captured on the recording. The scene was titled \"The Naughty Princess\" before being","title":"Fairytale Forest"},{"id":"18482094","text":"other birds on the roof of the stable are painted over finished areas, rather than areas \"reserved\" as would be the case if they had been planned from the start. They appear to come from an even later phase of painting, and have been connected with emblems adopted by Cosimo de' Medici's sons Piero (1416–1469) and Giovanni (1421–1463). The former used a falcon holding a ring, with the motto \"SEMPER\" (\"always\" or \"for ever\" in Latin) and the latter a peacock with the motto \"REGARDE-MOI\" (\"Watch me\" in French). Together with the dog on the grass at the bottom of","title":"Adoration of the Magi (Fra Angelico and Filippo Lippi)"},{"id":"18202239","text":"because fowl is pronounced 'vowl'. Dorset is home to some distinctive words and phrases. Some phrases are alternative versions of popular English sayings, such as, \"Don't teach yer grandma to spin\" which means the same as, \"Don't teach your grandmother to suck eggs\", and \"Zet the fox to keep the geese\" is similar to the more popular \"Putting the fox in charge of the henhouse\" but others are peculiar to Dorset. All the goo, meaning all the fashion, was how Barnes described the then new fad for mahogany furniture, in his poem 'Woak Was Good Enough Woonce' and \"That'll happen","title":"Dorset dialect"},{"id":"5939525","text":"Rabbit rabbit rabbit \"Rabbit rabbit rabbit\" is a superstition found in Britain and North America wherein a person says or repeats the words \"rabbit\", \"rabbits\" and/or \"white rabbits\" aloud upon waking on the first day of a month, to ensure good luck for the rest of it. The exact origin of the superstition is unknown, though it was recorded in \"Notes and Queries\" as being said by children in 1909: \"My two daughters are in the habit of saying 'Rabbits!' on the first day of each month. The word must be spoken aloud, and be the first word said in","title":"Rabbit rabbit rabbit"},{"id":"1423919","text":"expressive effect, and use unnatural or arbitrary colour. The Post-Impressionists were dissatisfied with what they felt was the triviality of subject matter and the loss of structure in Impressionist paintings, though they did not agree on the way forward. Georges Seurat and his followers concerned themselves with Pointillism, the systematic use of tiny dots of colour. Paul Cézanne set out to restore a sense of order and structure to painting, to \"make of Impressionism something solid and durable, like the art of the museums\". He achieved this by reducing objects to their basic shapes while retaining the saturated colours of","title":"Post-Impressionism"},{"id":"10331425","text":"cryptic messages. The boys aren't the only ones who want to hear the dead man's secret. Others, including an infamous French art thief, Huganay, have also concluded that the messages are the key to locating a particularly valuable hidden item. The coded message is as follows, by parrots, in order: The messages each stand for something. Little Bo Peep's message talks about calling on Sherlock Holmes, and where would you call on him except for Baker Street? So the parrots give an address on Baker Street. Next is Billy, whose stutter actually is the number of the address, to-to-to-be, or","title":"The Mystery of the Stuttering Parrot"},{"id":"17135481","text":"Rupert's plate and Hubert is repulsed by the smell of vinegar) and refuse to eat it, despite Bean eating his and pretending to like it. Bean then heads back to the kitchen and takes peanuts from a bird feeder outside and pours them onto a plate. Meanwhile, Rupert and Hubert turn the clock in the living room to just before midnight. When Bean comes back, the clock chimes and Rupert and Hubert say \"Happy New Year!\". Bean is also happy, saying \"Doesn't time fly while you're enjoying yourself?\". They then link hands (almost forgetting Teddy) and sing \"Auld Lang Syne\"","title":"Do-It-Yourself Mr. Bean"},{"id":"15427881","text":"use Vilain's words—\"suggestive\" and the imaginative penetration beneath the \"here-and-now\" daring and provocative. Like Laforgue after him, Giraud uses neologisms (\"Bourrèle!\" [\"Executioner!\" or \"Torturer!\"]), unusual word choices (\"patte\" [which usually means \"paw\"] for Pierrot's foot), and ambiguities (\"Arlequin porte un arc-en-ciel\", meaning \"Harlequin bears [or \"carries\" or \"wears\"] a rainbow\") to enrich the fantastic atmosphere of the poems. His syntax is sometimes elliptical or fractured, as in the first line of the cycle: \"Je rêve un théâtre de chambre\" (\"I dream a chamber theater\"), instead of the usual \"Je rêve \"d'un\" théâtre de chambre\". And the imagery, especially in the","title":"Pierrot lunaire (book)"},{"id":"13417319","text":"as a proverbial example of a safeword. There are several theories on the phrase's origin. One theory is that it derives from a phrase uttered by youngsters in the Roman empire who got into trouble, \"patrue mi patruissime\" (“uncle, my best of uncles”). It may also be based on a joke from 19th-century England about a bullied parrot being coaxed to address his owner's uncle. \"Uncle\" may derive from the Irish \"anacol,\" meaning mercy or quarter, but there is no strong evidence to support this conjecture. There is a common analog in the Arabian Peninsula, the expression \"\" (gol aami),","title":"Say Uncle"},{"id":"4817388","text":"is no profit without working can be paraphrased as “Roasted pigeons/larks/sparrows/geese/chickens/birds don’t fly into one’s mouth”, e.g. Cz. \"Pečeni ptáci nelítají do huby (birds!)\" = Dan. \"Stegte duer flyve ingen i munden (pigeon!)\" = ndl. \"De gebraden duiven vliegen je niet in de mond (pigeons!)\" = E. \"He thinks that larks will fall into his mouth roasted\" = Finn. \"Ei paistetut varpuset suuhun lennä (sparrows!)\" = Fr. \"Les alouettes ne vous tombent pas toutes rôties dans le bec (larks!)\" = G. \"Gebratene Tauben fliegen einem nicht ins Maul (pigeon!)\" = Hungar. \"Senkinek nem repül a szájába a sült galamb (pigeon!)\"","title":"Eurolinguistics"},{"id":"17491629","text":"Mais où est donc Ornicar ? Mais où est donc Ornicar ?, or Mais où est donc Carnior ? and also Ormais, où est donc Nicar ? is a French-language mnemonic that aids in remembering the language's coordinating conjunctions. The sentence translates as \"Where, therefore, is Ornicar?\", or \"Where is Ornicar, then?\", and is a phonetic juxtaposition of the words \"mais\" (but), \"ou\" (or), \"et\" (and), \"donc\" (therefore), \"or\" (however), \"ni\" (nor), and \"car\" (for). The phrase is often learned by French school children, and has influenced French culture, including having an asteroid named after it and inspiring the titles","title":"Mais où est donc Ornicar ?"},{"id":"12967365","text":"Flying pigs!\" An identical phrase, used to express impossibilities, exists in Romanian, \"Când o zbura porcul\", literally meaning \"When the pig shall fly\"; an equivalent also implying an animal is \"La Paștele cailor\", literally: \"on horses' Easter\". Similar phrases in English include \"\", the Latin expression \"to the Greek calends\", and \"and monkeys might fly out of my butt\", popularized in Wayne's World skits and movies. They are examples of adynata. In Finnish, the expression \"\"kun lehmät lentävät\"\" (when cows fly) is used because of its alliteration. In French, the most common expression is \"\"quand les poules auront des dents\"\"","title":"When pigs fly"},{"id":"17621823","text":"up in Los Angeles. The title \"Better Out Than In\" is a reference to a quote by impressionist Paul Cézanne, \"All pictures painted inside, in the studio, will never be as good as those done outside.\" In an interview with \"The Village Voice\", Banksy said \"New York calls to graffiti writers like a dirty old lighthouse. We all want to prove ourselves here,\" and that he chose it for the high foot traffic and hiding places. The works Banksy has included in \"Better Out Than In\" primarily consist of stencil graffiti, much of which are political in nature. His first","title":"Better Out Than In"},{"id":"17491634","text":"?\". The mnemonic became the subject of a satirical \"Chuck Norris fact\" in France: \"Chuck Norris knows where Ornicar is\". Mais où est donc Ornicar ? Mais où est donc Ornicar ?, or Mais où est donc Carnior ? and also Ormais, où est donc Nicar ? is a French-language mnemonic that aids in remembering the language's coordinating conjunctions. The sentence translates as \"Where, therefore, is Ornicar?\", or \"Where is Ornicar, then?\", and is a phonetic juxtaposition of the words \"mais\" (but), \"ou\" (or), \"et\" (and), \"donc\" (therefore), \"or\" (however), \"ni\" (nor), and \"car\" (for). The phrase is often learned","title":"Mais où est donc Ornicar ?"},{"id":"3389998","text":"data could be interpreted as his being able to estimate quickly and accurately the number of something, better than humans can. When he was tired of being tested, he would say \"Wanna go back\", meaning he wanted to go back to his cage, and in general, he would request where he wanted to be taken by saying \"Wanna go...\", protest if he was taken to a different place, and sit quietly when taken to his preferred spot. He was not trained to say where he wanted to go, but picked it up from being asked where he would like to","title":"Alex (parrot)"},{"id":"11778565","text":"the revival of \"Pretty Polly\", and both Richard D'Oyly Carte and Queen Victoria died during the revival. As a mark of respect, the Savoy Theatre was kept dark for a period of time after each of these sad events. A good-hearted young man, Charlie Brown, has been abroad for some time. He wants to propose to pretty Polly Grey, but he is shy. He brings a talking parrot to her apartment to say the words \"Pretty Polly! I wonder if she ever thinks of me!\", which he hopes will \"break the ice\" for him, but he hides the parrot until","title":"Pretty Polly (play)"},{"id":"1423917","text":"Post-Impressionism Post-Impressionism (also spelled Postimpressionism) is a predominantly French art movement that developed roughly between 1886 and 1905, from the last Impressionist exhibition to the birth of Fauvism. Post-Impressionism emerged as a reaction against Impressionists' concern for the naturalistic depiction of light and colour. Due to its broad emphasis on abstract qualities or symbolic content, Post-Impressionism encompasses Neo-Impressionism, Symbolism, Cloisonnism, Pont-Aven School, and Synthetism, along with some later Impressionists' work. The movement was led by Paul Cézanne (known as father of Post-impressionism), Paul Gauguin, Vincent van Gogh, and Georges Seurat. The term \"Post-Impressionism\" was first used by art critic Roger","title":"Post-Impressionism"},{"id":"8834058","text":"all be human,<br> This world would be in rhyme;<br> So be human all the time! Share a tasty carrot with your parrot,<br> Serve your chimpanzee a piece of cheese;<br> Sip a sarsaparilla with your camel or gorilla,<br> With kind regards to all of them from me. Be human, animals can cry;<br> Be human, won't you even try?<br> Don't think you're wonderful just because<br> You weren't born with a tail and claws. Be human, have a tender word,<br> For every animal and bird! It's futile to be brutal,<br> That won't get you a dime;<br> So be human all the time! A","title":"Be Human (film)"},{"id":"20156073","text":"he was sent there with a Loire boatman and en route naturally acquires some of the sea-faring vocabulary. On arrival in Nantes the bird swears like a sailor and the nuns, horrified, send the parrot back to Nevers where it is almost impossible to make it relearn Latin. Nonetheless, the bird ends his days embraced in solicitude to the extent of expiring of indigestion. The librettists cite one passage in its entirety in the first scene: The subject was also used in 1851 for a ballet-pantomime in three acts with music by Édouard Deldevez and Jean-Baptiste Tolbecque and choreography by","title":"Vert-Vert"},{"id":"1365108","text":"day in the studio, McCartney \"gave us a full concert rendition of 'Hey Jude'\". When introducing the composition to Lennon, McCartney assured him that he would \"fix\" the line \"the movement you need is on your shoulder\", reasoning that \"it's a stupid expression; it sounds like a parrot.\" Lennon replied: \"You won't, you know. That's the best line in the song.\" McCartney retained the phrase; he later said of his subsequent live performances of the song: \"that's the line when I think of John, and sometimes I get a little emotional during that moment.\" Although McCartney originally wrote \"Hey Jude\"","title":"Hey Jude"},{"id":"10297073","text":"the song, in addition to the Animaniacs example mentioned above, include \"The Muppet Show\" (season 3, episode 61), which staged a scene in which comedian Gilda Radner and a talking carrot each assayed the Major-General's song and also sampled \"A Policeman's Lot\" and \"Poor Wand'ring One\". Radner told Kermit that she had written to request a 7-foot-tall talking \"parrot\", but he misread her handwriting: she wanted to present \"The Parrots of Penzance\". In an episode of \"Home Improvement\", Al Borland, thinking he was in a sound-proof booth, belts out the first stanza but is heard by everyone. Others include the","title":"Cultural influence of Gilbert and Sullivan"},{"id":"323847","text":"20th century's new line of artistic enquiry, Cubism. Both Matisse and Picasso are said to have remarked that Cézanne \"is the father of us all.\" The Cézannes came from the commune of Saint-Sauveur (Hautes-Alpes, Occitania). Paul Cézanne was born on 19 January 1839 in Aix-en-Provence. On 22 February, he was baptized in the Église de la Madeleine, with his grandmother and uncle Louis as godparents, and became a devout Catholic later in life. His father, Louis Auguste Cézanne (1798–1886), a native of Saint-Zacharie (Var), was the co-founder of a banking firm (Banque Cézanne et Cabassol) that prospered throughout the artist's","title":"Paul Cézanne"},{"id":"14500629","text":"was \"Cuatro Mexicanos\"/\"Vivo en la mina\" (I live in the mine), followed by \"Tu serás mi beibi\" (You'll be my baby)/\"Te Quiero Loro\" (Love you parrot) and \"Es por la mañana, el niño sale de la cabaña con su caña para ir a pescar\" (Early morning the kid leaves his cabin just to go fishing)/\"San Serenín\". In 1988, they released their second and last album \"Cómo me pone tu celulitis\" (How I love your cellulite). It was a work in the same genre as the previous, but it was totally ignored. Cuentos Chinos Cuentos Chinos is a Spanish rock music","title":"Cuentos Chinos"},{"id":"8483877","text":"he prudently tells them that he has not, because \"the unicorn is a mythical beast.\" Thus they take the wife away instead, and \"the husband lived happily ever after\". The story ends with, \"Moral: Don't count your boobies before they're hatched\", a play on the popular adage, \"Don't count your chickens before they're hatched\". Thus, the moral advises not to expect one's hopes to be a certainty. An animated version of the story was released by United Productions of America in 1953. The cartoon was directed by William Hurtz, and was originally intended to be part of a feature based","title":"The Unicorn in the Garden"},{"id":"482186","text":"to Asclepius; will you remember to pay the debt?\", signifying that death was a cure for the illness of life. The Greeks believed that even lions were afraid of roosters. Several of Aesop's Fables reference this belief. In the New Testament, Jesus prophesied the betrayal by Peter: \"Jesus answered, 'I tell you, Peter, before the rooster crows today, you will deny three times that you know me.'\" It happened, and Peter cried bitterly. This made the rooster a symbol for both vigilance and betrayal. Earlier, Jesus compares himself to a mother hen when talking about Jerusalem: \"O Jerusalem, Jerusalem, you","title":"Chicken"},{"id":"2352194","text":"register) – a tactic that effectively contributes to creating a sonic impression of tenderness and charm\". A recitative for alto is a prayer for future protection, \"\" (Do not forget later, with Your hand)‘’, concluded by a choral \"Amen\" in unison. The surprise is an interpretation of a line quoted from , \"und alles Volk soll sagen: Amen!\" (And all the people shall answer and say, Amen.). The alto performs the last aria, \"\" (Hallelujah, power and might)‘’, repeating and reinforcing the thoughts of the first. The music repeats the main section of the tenor aria, now accompanied by the","title":"Wir danken dir, Gott, wir danken dir, BWV 29"},{"id":"7794276","text":"of interesting terms of endearment, including a rather odd assortment of barnyard animals...[like] mon canard (my duck)' – something which may be compared to the British 'baby talk...duckie'. When proper names escape one, terms of endearment can always substitute, producing (as Lacan put it) the 'opacity of the ejaculations of love, when, lacking a signifier to name the object of its epithalamium, it employs the crudest trickery of the imaginary. \"I'll eat you up...Sweetie!\" \"You'll love it...Rat!\"'. Eric Berne identified the marital game of \"Sweetheart\", where 'White makes a subtly derogatory remark about Mrs White, disguised as anecdote, and ends:","title":"Term of endearment"},{"id":"9537036","text":"he they are honoring, he who they have proclaimed King! ... The adulterer has defiled my royal residence: and he, to make his treason more complete, spying upon my sleep and taking advantage of the hour, poured poison on my sleeping lips. ... Avenge me, my son! Avenge your father! ... From your mother, though, turn your anger away, we must leave punishment in the care of heaven.\" The ghost withdraws, his parting words: \"Souviens-toi!\" – \"Remember me!\" Hamlet draws his sword and proclaims his intention to obey the ghost's command (Hamlet: \"Ombre chére, ombre vengeresse, j'exaucerai ton vœu! ...","title":"Hamlet (Thomas)"},{"id":"14482208","text":"or eagle, the Florida Scrub-Jay warns other jays to seek cover by using a thin, shrill-like call. In contrast, an approaching predatory feline provokes a low-pitched \"scolding\" sound, and calls on fellow jays for help in scaring the intruder away. Parrots kept as pets demonstrate contact calls with their human owners. Parrots make their call to establish that the human is within earshot, and continue to make the call (sometimes growing louder into a scream) until acknowledged. The screaming develops in pet parrots, as well as wild flock, when the animal feels like its needs are not being met because","title":"Contact call"},{"id":"5059144","text":"village of Puddleby-on-the-Marsh. His love of animals grows over the years and his household menagerie eventually scares off his human clientele, leading to loss of wealth. But after learning the secret of speaking to all animals from his parrot Polynesia, he takes up veterinary practice. His fortunes rise and fall again after a crocodile takes up residence, leading to his sister leaving in disgust with the intention of getting married, but his fame in the animal kingdom spreads throughout the world. He is conscripted into voyaging to Africa to cure a monkey epidemic just as he faces bankruptcy. He has","title":"The Story of Doctor Dolittle"},{"id":"6222716","text":"the setting of the plot; for instance: Seagoon had several catch-phrases, seemingly random gibberish that became his trademarks, such as \"Ying tong yiddle I po!” (followed by a shout of \"“GOOD!”\" by someone else) and \"Needle-nardle-noo\". He would also express intense surprise by repeating the word \"What?!\" rapidly and in rising pitch, as \"Whatwhatwhatwhatwhatwhatwhatwhatwhatwhatwhatwhat?\" (in \"The Moon Show\", Grytpype replies to this by saying, \"Only ten whats [watts as in the unit of power used to rate electric lamps]; you're not very bright, are you?\"), and would do likewise with the word \"Yes?\" as \"Yesyesyesyesyesyes?\", generally motivating Grytpype-Thynne to request","title":"Neddie Seagoon"},{"id":"8264869","text":"Mr. Mistoffelees is black and small and can perform many feats of magic that no other cat can do (including producing \"Seven Kittens, right out of a hat\" ), and succeeds in bringing back Old Deuteronomy, and also turning the junkyard's lights on. He is praised by all the cats. The Jellicle choice can now be made. Old Deuteronomy sits down and Grizabella appears for the final time. Old Deuteronomy allows her to have a chance to address the cats. Her faded appearance and lonely disposition have little effect on her song (\"\"Memory\"\"). The appeal succeeds and she is chosen","title":"Cats (1998 film)"},{"id":"9477193","text":"it clear that its inspiration was Edmond Rostand's drama \"Chantecler\" about a cock that believed the sun would not rise unless it crowed first. Several other works claim to be inspired by Chaucer's tale but, like Rostand's play and the 1990 cartoon feature film Rock-a-Doodle based on it, have little connection with the original Renart Cycle version beyond using the name Chanticleer, or variants of it. Chanticleer and the Fox Chanticleer and the Fox is a fable that dates from the Middle Ages. Though it can be compared to Aesop's fable of The Fox and the Crow, it is of","title":"Chanticleer and the Fox"},{"id":"9480572","text":"in Robert Louis Stevenson's novel \"Treasure Island\" (1883). Her habitual refrain: \"Pieces of eight! Pieces of eight!\" In the narrative poem \"The Raven\" by Edgar Allan Poe the titular bird famously recites the word \"Nevermore\" throughout. Talking ravens are a notable element in the series \"A Song of Ice and Fire\" by author George R. R. Martin. One in particular has the ability to say \"Corn!\" when hungry, but many say \"Snow!\" as well. The 2017 \"Doctor Who\" episode \"The Eaters of Light\" depicts talking crows in Scotland at the time of the Picts' wars against the Romans. It further","title":"Talking bird"},{"id":"18980938","text":"feelings of guilt (and confusion) Presley repents, committing to make more traditional choices in his life moving forward (Old Fashioned Guy [Reprise]). Dressed as a male mobster (parrot), Vera performs, (The Sharpest Smile) a cautionary tale about a doomed romance between a parrot and a crocodile named “Pearl” (who is played by Armitage). As the song progresses, “Pearl” chases the “mobster” up and down the stage in a loving attempt to eat the mobster alive. In a private moment, Baalthazar discloses (only to the audience) his obsession with “Crunchy Crackers”. He explains that mankind has systematically used “the devil biscuit”","title":"Love Birds (musical)"},{"id":"211507","text":"the man with a dead Norwegian Blue parrot and a menagerie of other animals all named \"Eric\". He was also known for his working class \"Sergeant Major\" character, who worked as a Police Sergeant, Roman Centurion, etc. He is also seen as the opening announcer with the now famous line \"And now for something completely different\", although in its premiere in the sketch \"Man with Three Buttocks\", the phrase was spoken by Eric Idle. Along with Gilliam's animations, Cleese's work with Graham Chapman provided Python with its darkest and angriest moments, and many of his characters display the seething suppressed","title":"John Cleese"},{"id":"12346575","text":"Psittacism Psittacism is speech or writing that appears mechanical or repetitive in the manner of a parrot. More generally it is a pejorative description of the use of words which appear to have been used without regard to their meaning. The word is derived from the Latin term for parrots \"psittaci\" – which in turn derives from the Greek ψιττακός – in an analogy with the ability of some parrots to speak human words but without any knowledge of their meaning. Parrots, in turn, may be used as symbols of psittacism. In Flaubert's story \"Un cœur simple\" the parrot may","title":"Psittacism"},{"id":"4426221","text":"case of Whizzo's Chocolates (hence his name, praline being a kind of hazelnut candy), which produced such gems as Cockroach Cluster, Anthrax Ripple, and the titular Crunchy Frog. Praline's defining moment came in two episodes later, when he attempted to return his recently purchased dead parrot to the pet shop from which he had bought it, not half an hour ago at that very boutique. This segment has been called the comedy team's single best-known sketch, and it led to Praline's appearance in the team's first theatrical release, \"And Now for Something Completely Different\" (1971) which included a remake of","title":"Mr Praline"},{"id":"7423198","text":"bagage, bitte, cingler, équiper (to equip), flotte, fringale, girouette, guichet, hauban, houle, hune, mare, marsouin, mouette, quille, raz, siller, touer, traquer, turbot, vague, varangue, varech\". Others pertain to farming and daily life: \"accroupir, amadouer, bidon, bigot, brayer, brette, cottage, coterie, crochet, duvet, embraser, fi, flâner, guichet, haras, harfang, harnais, houspiller, marmonner, mièvre, nabot, nique, quenotte, raccrocher, ricaner, rincer, rogue\". Likewise, words borrowed from Dutch deal mainly with trade, or are nautical in nature, but not always so: \"affaler, amarrer, anspect, bar (sea-bass), bastringuer, bière (beer), blouse (bump), botte, bouée, bouffer, boulevard, bouquin, cague, cahute, caqueter, choquer, diguer, drôle, dune, équiper","title":"History of French"},{"id":"19533124","text":"(\"vil bétail\" / \"vile cattle\"), while the swan is humanized (\"avec ses gestes fous\" / \"with its mad gestures\"). The memory of the poet is fertilized by the Paris of the Grand Boulevards. The memory which \"sonne à plein souffle du cor\" (\"sounds with the hunting horns\") recalls the death of Roland in La Chanson de Roland, but is also expressed in the line \"mes chers souvenirs sont plus lourds que des rocs\" (\"my dear memories are heavier than rocks\"): the alliterations in [s] (expressive of breath) and in [r] (expressing heaviness) oppose one another, while \"cor\" and \"roc\" are","title":"The Swan (Baudelaire)"},{"id":"18404292","text":"good-bye-ee! Wipe the tear, baby dear, from your eye-ee. Tho' it's hard to part I know, I'll be tickled to death to go. Don't cry-ee! don't sigh-ee! There's a silver lining in the sky-ee. Bonsoir old thing, cheerio! chin chin! Nah-poo! Toodle-oo! Good-bye-ee! </poem> The salutations at the end of the chorus are from various languages. \"Bonsoir\" is French for goodnight. \"Chin chin\" is a Chinese toast. \"Nahpoo\" and \"toodle-oo\" are corruptions of the French \"il n'y en a plus\" (there is no more) and \"à tout à l'heure\" (see you later). Good-bye-ee! \"Good-bye-ee!\" is a popular song which was","title":"Good-bye-ee!"},{"id":"1951118","text":"Orchard Halliwell was a notable collector of English nursery rhymes. Some of the best known nursery rhymes from Britain are \"Twinkle Twinkle Little Star\", \"Roses Are Red\", \"Jack and Jill\", \"Cock a doodle doo\", \"Baa, Baa, Black Sheep\", \"The Grand Old Duke of York\", \"London Bridge Is Falling Down\", \"Hey Diddle Diddle\", \"Three Blind Mice\", \"Little Miss Muffet\", \"Pat-a-cake\", \"Pop Goes the Weasel\", \"The Queen of Hearts\", \"Polly Put the Kettle On\", \"Peter Piper\", \"One, Two, Buckle My Shoe\", \"Hickory Dickory Dock\", \"One for Sorrow\", \"This Old Man\", \"Simple Simon\", \"Old Mother Hubbard\", \"Little Bo Peep\", \"Sing a Song of","title":"Culture of the United Kingdom"},{"id":"5665339","text":"alone: « Qui vivra, verra » (\"Whoever lives, will see\" \"He who lives, will see\"). When a relative clause is to serve as an adverb, it takes the same form as when it is to serve as an inanimate noun, except that \"ce\" is omitted before a preposition: « Ils sont allés dîner, après quoi ils sont rentrés » (\"They went out to eat, after which they went home\"); « Ils ne se sont pas du tout parlé, ce qui me semblait étrange » (\"They did not talk to each other at all, which seemed strange to me\"). French has","title":"French pronouns"},{"id":"5535944","text":"raw=\"1\" lang=\"lilypond\"> \\header { \\score { </score> Lyrics in parentheses are sung by the chorus. <poem lang=\"fr\" style=\"float:left;\">[spoken intro] Quand je vous aimerai ? Ma foi, je ne sais pas, Peut-être jamais, peut-être demain. Mais pas aujourd'hui, c'est certain ! [sung] L'amour est un oiseau rebelle Que nul ne peut apprivoiser, Et c'est bien en vain qu'on l'appelle, S'il lui convient de refuser. Rien n'y fait, menace ou prière ; L'un parle bien, l'autre se tait, Et c'est l'autre que je préfère ; Il n'a rien dit, mais il me plaît. (L'amour est un oiseau rebelle) L'amour... (Que nul ne","title":"Habanera (aria)"},{"id":"2315319","text":"the king as wanting to impress everyone with his breadth of great knowledge and the importance of one with no need to expound. This reflected the usage in the novel, \"Anna and the King of Siam\", which expressed that king's playful understanding of innumerable things with the phrase, \"&c., &c.\" \"Et cetera\" and derivatives, such as \"etceteras\", have long been, and still are, used airily, humorously or dismissively, often as a cadigan, for example: Et cetera Et cetera (in English; ; ), abbreviated to etc., etc, &c., or &c, is a Latin expression that is used in English to mean","title":"Et cetera"},{"id":"8289052","text":"Peter would deny him three times before the rooster crowed on the following morning. At the rooster's crowing, Peter remembered Jesus's words. Its crowing at the dawning of each new morning made it a symbol of the daily victory of light over darkness and the triumph of good over evil. It is also an emblem of the Christian's attitude of watchfulness and readiness for the sudden return of Christ, the resurrection of the dead, and the final judgment of humankind. That is why, during the Renaissance, the rooster became a symbol of France as a Catholic state and became a","title":"Gallic rooster"},{"id":"1469438","text":"hypocoristics for names, whereby \"Louise\" becomes \"Loulou\", and Zinedine Zidane becomes \"Zizou\"; and in many nursery words, like \"dada\" 'horsie' (vs. \"cheval\" 'horse'), \"tati\" 'auntie' (vs. \"tante\" 'aunt'), or \"tonton\" 'unkie' (vs. \"oncle\" 'uncle'). In Romanian and Catalan, reduplication is not uncommon and it has been used for both the creation of new words (including many from onomatopoeia) and expressions, for example, In colloquial Mexican Spanish it is common to use reduplicated adverbs such as \"luego luego\" (after after) meaning \"immediately\", or \"casi casi\" (almost almost) which intensifies the meaning of 'almost'. The reduplication in the Russian language serves for","title":"Reduplication"},{"id":"116038","text":"its prey. An alternative explanation is that the term entered France via Spain, the , \"maqabir\" (cemetery) being the root of the word. Both the dialogues and the evolving paintings were ostensive penitential lessons that even illiterate people (who were the overwhelming majority) could understand. Frescoes and murals dealing with death had a long tradition and were widespread, e.g. the legend of the Three Living and the Three Dead: on a ride or hunt, three young gentlemen meet three cadavers (sometimes described as their ancestors) who warn them, \"Quod fuimus, estis; quod sumus, vos eritis\" (What we were, you are;","title":"Danse Macabre"},{"id":"788021","text":"Tay Ferry, also alluding to the local lighthouse. In literature, a motto is a sentence, phrase, poem, or word prefixed to an essay, chapter, novel, or the like suggestive of its subject matter. It is a short, suggestive expression of a guiding principle for the written material that follows. For example, Robert Louis Stevenson's \"Travels with a Donkey in the Cévennes\" uses mottos at the start of each section. Motto A motto (derived from the Latin \"muttum\", 'mutter', by way of Italian \"motto\", 'word', 'sentence') is a maxim; a phrase meant to formally summarize the general motivation or intention of","title":"Motto"},{"id":"94932","text":"under the term \"scat\" (from \"scatology\"). \"The 120 Days of Sodom\", a novel by the Marquis de Sade written in 1785, is full of detailed descriptions of erotic sadomasochistic coprophagia. Thomas Pynchon's award-winning 1973 novel \"Gravity's Rainbow\" contains a detailed scene of coprophagia. François Rabelais, in his classic \"Gargantua and Pantagruel\", often employs the expression \"mâche-merde\" or \"mâchemerde\", meaning \"shit-chewer\". This in turn comes from the Greek comedians Aristophanes and particularly Menander, who often use the term skatophagos (\"σκατοϕφάγος\"). The Austrian actor and pornographic director created the series \"Avantgarde Extreme\" and \"Portrait Extrem\", which explores coprophagy, coprophilia and urolagnia. Modern","title":"Coprophagia"},{"id":"10836858","text":"illuminated by a bare light bulb of toy plastic dinosaurs and other animals in a cardboard box. These shots are intercut with the montage sequence described below. At 00:48:18, we see a plastic red dinosaur and some other animals. Will Jr. asks, \"What's it all for, Professor? Please?\" And Pluggy replies, \"The Last Judgement.\" Pluggy seems to be referring to the biblical passage in the Book of Revelation which describes the war in heaven. Lest we mistake the toy dinosaurs in the box, a few moments later (00:48:34) Virginia (off-screen) cries \"Snakes!\" The French word for 'snake' is 'serpent', the","title":"King Lear (1987 film)"},{"id":"3457112","text":"of some tracks recorded at Random Falls, a recording studio in New York. The album's title is an homage to former drummer Gary Young, who would frequently yell \"Wowee zowee!\" when excited. The phrase also notably dates to Frank Zappa and The Mothers of Invention's 1966 album \"Freak Out!\", which also displayed the album title in a cartoon speech balloon and featured a track titled \"Wowie Zowie\". \"Dick-Sucking Fool at Pussy-Licking School\" (conceived by Bob Nastanovich) was briefly considered as a potential album title, but discarded after being considered too risque by the rest of the band. Nevertheless, the phrase","title":"Wowee Zowee"},{"id":"2574429","text":"the title of the first track, \"Trompe le Monde\", a French phrase meaning \"Fool the World\". Unlike previous albums, the title of the album comes from the name of a song (rather than a song lyric), and is a play on the French phrase \"Trompe-l'œil\"—a painting technique in which the painter fools the viewer into thinking objects presented are real. \"Head On\" is a cover of the Jesus and Mary Chain track that was released as a single reaching number 6 in the Billboard Modern Rock Tracks Chart. \"U-Mass\" is a song about the University of Massachusetts Amherst, where Black","title":"Trompe le Monde"},{"id":"1829686","text":"(better known in the English-speaking world as \"Twinkle Twinkle Little Star\"), the French nursery rhymes \"Au clair de la lune\", and \"J'ai du bon tabac\" (the piano plays the same melody upside down), the popular anthem \"Partant pour la Syrie\", as well as the aria \"Una voce poco fa\" from Rossini's \"The Barber of Seville\" can also be heard. The musical joke in this movement, according to Leonard Bernstein's narration on his recording of the work with the New York Philharmonic, is that the musical pieces quoted are the fossils of Saint-Saëns's time. Two pianos and cello: the lushly romantic","title":"The Carnival of the Animals"},{"id":"5180432","text":"of a fox meeting the young prince during his travels on Earth. The story's essence is contained in the lines uttered by the fox to the little prince: \"On ne voit bien qu'avec le cœur. L'essentiel est invisible pour les yeux.\" (\"One sees clearly only with the heart. What is essential is invisible to the eye.\") Other key thematic messages are articulated by The Fox, such as: \"You become responsible, forever, for what you have tamed\" and \"It is the time you have devoted to your rose that makes your rose so important.\" The Fox's messages are arguably the most","title":"The Little Prince (1974 film)"},{"id":"96417","text":"in holding the group together and encouraging the other members. Art historian John Rewald called Pissarro the \"dean of the Impressionist painters\", not only because he was the oldest of the group, but also \"by virtue of his wisdom and his balanced, kind, and warmhearted personality\". Paul Cézanne said \"he was a father for me. A man to consult and a little like the good Lord,\" and he was also one of Paul Gauguin's masters. Pierre-Auguste Renoir referred to his work as \"revolutionary\", through his artistic portrayals of the \"common man\", as Pissarro insisted on painting individuals in natural settings","title":"Camille Pissarro"},{"id":"3198162","text":"interrogative, but when it is, in very informal use, it is shortened: \"Qu'est-ce que tu veux ?\" becomes... \"Qu'est-c'tu veux ?\" \"Qu'est-ce que tu as dit?\" becomes... \"Qu'est-c't'as dit?\" A more complex sentence, such as \"il ne savait peut-être plus ce qu'il faisait\" (\"Perhaps he knew no more what he was doing\"), can become \"i n'savait p'têt plus c'qui v'zait\" [in savεp tεt plys kiv zε], or even further relaxed, \"i sa'ait têt' pu c'qui v'zait\" [i saεp tεt pys kiv zε]. Forms of the verb \"estar\" (\"to be\") are often shortened by dropping the first syllable (as if the","title":"Relaxed pronunciation"},{"id":"4660532","text":"continued working furiously to apply the finishing touches came to be referred to as working \"en charrette\", \"in the cart.\" Émile Zola depicted such a scene of feverish activity, a \"nuit de charrette\" or \"charrette night,\" in \"L'Œuvre\" (serialized 1885, published 1886), his fictionalized account of his friendship with Paul Cézanne. The term evolved into the current design-related usage in conjunction with working right up until a deadline. The word \"charrette\" may refer to any collaborative session in which a group of designers drafts a solution to a design problem. While the structure of a charrette varies, depending on the","title":"Charrette"},{"id":"14269878","text":"the god of love on gaining his lady's favor, her love being symbolized by a rose. \" absent, communably, forwelk, fresh, fur, galantine, guerdon, habit, householding, jacounce, jagounce, jargon, jocund, lambskin, lightsome, lozenge, mansuete, masonry, mavis, medlar, mendicity, mendience, miscoveting, misway, mourning black, muid, nock, non-certain, obscure, overgilt, outwine, outstretch, outsling, palasin, papelardy, par coeur, parochial, patter, praise, prill, prime temps, Proteus, quail-pipe, racine, ravisable, recreandise, refraining, reft, resemblable, return, reverie, ribanding, rideled, riverside, roin, roinous, rose-leaf, sailour, Sarsenish, satin, savorous, scutcheon, seemlihead, shutting, slitter, smallish, snort, squirrel, suckeny, tassel, terin, thick-set, thread, timbester, tissue, tress, tretis, villainsly, volage, waterside,","title":"English words first attested in Chaucer"},{"id":"257947","text":"very funny there, if we could find the right context for it\". In early drafts of what would become the Dead Parrot Sketch, the frustrated customer was trying to return a faulty toaster to a shop. Chapman realised that it needed to be \"madder\", and came up with the parrot idea. Over the years, Cleese and Palin have done many versions of the \"Dead Parrot\" sketch for various television shows, record albums, and live performances. \"Dead Parrot\" was voted the top alternative comedy sketch in a Radio Times poll. Mr. Praline (Cleese) enters the pet shop to register a complaint","title":"Dead Parrot sketch"},{"id":"7827454","text":"she refuses: 'Lie there, lie there, you false-hearted man, Lie there instead of me, For if six pretty maidens thou hast drowned here, The seventh has drowned thee.' She rides home, leading the spare horse. Sometimes the story ends here, but often when she arrives home a parrot comments on how late she has returned, saying he is afraid \"Some ruffian hath led you astray\". She promises him a luxurious cage if he keeps her secret, and when her father asks the parrot what makes him \"speak before it is day\" he replies that a cat was going to eat","title":"Lady Isabel and the Elf Knight"},{"id":"3389996","text":"he said. For example, when Alex was shown an object and was asked about its shape, color, or material, he could label it correctly. He could describe a key as a key no matter what its size or color, and could determine how the key was different from others. Looking at a mirror, he said \"what color\", and learned \"grey\" after being told \"grey\" six times. This made him the first and only non-human animal to have ever asked a question (apes who have been trained to use sign-language have so far failed to ever ask a single question). Alex's","title":"Alex (parrot)"},{"id":"9537040","text":"j'avais foi! Je vous aimais, aimez moi!\"\" – \"'In you, O cruel one, I believed. I loved you! Love me too!'\"), then looks at Hamlet. However, he remains silent, then rushes away. Ophélie says ruefully: \"Ah! ce livre a dit vrai!\" – \"Ah! This book spoke the truth!\" and continues her aria (Ophélie: \"Les serments on des ailes!\" – \"Promises have wings!\"). 7. Recitative and arioso. The Queen comes into the garden hoping to find Hamlet. She sees Ophélie's distress and presses her for information as to its cause (The Queen: \"Je croyais près de vous trouver mon fils\" –","title":"Hamlet (Thomas)"},{"id":"8449229","text":"in different states. To be shown in New York, one of the biggest markets, they had to completely re-shoot the final scene. Mae West's character and the Tiger Kid were originally to complete their nuptials without a marriage ceremony; the ceremony had to be included. A publicity stunt went awry when 50 parrots were trained to shout the original title of \"it ain't no sin\". The parrots were subsequently released in the jungles of South America still repeating \"it ain't no sin\" over and over again. Sheet music of the song \"My American Beauty\" was also printed with the film's","title":"Belle of the Nineties"},{"id":"1702511","text":"\"a lot of food\", similar to English constructs such as \"fuck-ton\" or \"shitload\". \"Sacres\" are often used as verbs, too. For example, \"câlisser une volée\" means \"to beat the fuck out of\" or, more literally, \"to give a beating\" where \"câlisser\" is used as a stronger form of \"to give\" (\"donner\" in French). There are constructions like \"détabarnaker\" or \"décrisser\" which means to leave or to destroy, using the \"dé\" prefix, which is about separation. Others include, \"s'en câlicer\" or \"s'en crisser\" (\"not give a damn\"), \"sacrer son camp\" (\"run away\", literally \"consecrate the camp while leaving it\"), and \"décâlisser\".","title":"Quebec French profanity"},{"id":"14138557","text":"Aznavour's song \"Les Deux Pigeons\", which was featured in a segment of the film \"3 Fables of Love\" (1962). The song is a sad one, since in this case the pigeon has not returned home. In common with the fable of La Fontaine, a parallel is drawn between the parting of male friends (\"Un pigeon regrettait son frère\") and a broken heterosexual relationship. A later song by Gérard Manset really only features the fable's opening line, \"Deux pigeons s'aimaient d'amour tendre\", and was issued on his album \"La Vallée de la Paix\" (1994). It contemplates the impossibility of happiness since","title":"The Two Pigeons"},{"id":"15399451","text":"a deal with Lelio: In return for his obeying her commands, she gives him a magic flower that enables him to disappear (the flower only works at night) (\"Ramasse cette rose\"). They exit. Krakamiche returns, moans his fate (\"Ah la sotte existence\") and has a comic duet with his servant Perlimpinpin (\"Eh bien!\"), resulting in the servant being kicked out of the house and Krakamiche leaving. Stella enters and sings of the rain (\"Chanson de la pluie\" or \"Coulez, gouttes fines\"). The Queen returns and tells Stella of her impending meeting with Lelio (\"Sur les yeux de ton père\"). Perlimpinpin","title":"Le dernier sorcier"},{"id":"2035263","text":"is left unclear whether he survived. In \"The Penguin's Nest\", a policeman suffers an electric shock at the hands of the Penguin's accomplices, but he is presumed to survive, as he appears in some later episodes. A catch-phrase popularized by the series was Robin's saying \"Holy [subject], Batman!\" whenever he encountered something startling. This phrase was parodied in the 1995 film \"Batman Forever\". In many episodes, Batman and Robin must get to a high point of a building or other structure. They do this via the Batrope which is thrown and anchored above the high point, and which Batman and","title":"Batman (TV series)"},{"id":"323860","text":"of black. They differ sharply from his earlier watercolours and sketches at the École Spéciale de dessin at Aix-en-Provence in 1859, and their violence of expression is in contrast to his subsequent works. In 1866–67, inspired by the example of Courbet, Cézanne painted a series of paintings with a palette knife. He later called these works, mostly portraits, \"une couillarde\" (\"a coarse word for ostentatious virility\"). Lawrence Gowing has written that Cézanne's palette knife phase \"was not only the invention of modern expressionism, although it was incidentally that; the idea of art as emotional ejaculation made its first appearance at","title":"Paul Cézanne"},{"id":"3305872","text":"ancient Latin adage, i.e. Roman, and discussed by many philosophers and economists. The phrase is misquoted in Act I of Anton Chekhov's play \"The Seagull\". The character Shamrayev conflates it with the phrase \"de mortuis nil nisi bonum\" (in the alternate form: \"de mortuis, aut bene aut nihil\": \"of the dead, either [speak] good or [say] nothing\"), resulting in \"de gustibus aut bene, aut nihil\", \"Let nothing be said of taste but what is good.\" De gustibus non est disputandum De gustibus non est disputandum, or de gustibus non disputandum est, is a Latin maxim meaning \"In matters of taste,","title":"De gustibus non est disputandum"},{"id":"4243867","text":"tale princesses had it easy and how she wants to live happily ever after (\"Happily Ever After\"). King Sextimus has a man to man talk with Dauntless about the birds and the bees completely in pantomime (\"Man to Man Talk\"). The Jester and Minstrel trick the Wizard into telling them of the test and the Jester reminisces about his father's dancing days (\"Very Soft Shoes\"). Sir Harry and Lady Larken run into each other and they confess that their love is stronger than ever (\"Yesterday I Loved You\"). When Fred is finally ready for bed, the Queen brings in various","title":"Once Upon a Mattress"},{"id":"8995906","text":"Bob's your uncle ...And Bob's your uncle means \"and there it is\" or \"and there you have it.\" It is commonly used in United Kingdom and Commonwealth countries. Typically, someone says it to conclude a set of simple instructions or when a result is reached. The meaning is similar to that of the French expression \"et voilà!\" \"Bob's your uncle\" is an exclamation that is used when \"everything is all right\" and the simple means of obtaining the successful result is explained. For example: \"left over right; right over left, and Bob's your uncle – a reef knot.\" Sometimes the","title":"Bob's your uncle"},{"id":"4426222","text":"the sketch. In a second series episode Praline had more pet trouble, this time trying to buy a fish licence for his pet halibut, Eric. In this sketch, he mentions that he also has a cat and a dog named Eric among others and has acquired a (fraudulent) licence for the cat. This final sketch led to Praline singing the song \"Eric The Half-A-Bee\" on the \"Monty Python's Previous Record\" album. Cleese eventually got so fed up with \"doing the one with the parrot\", that he vowed never again to perform the sketch; conversely, the Eric the Half-A-Bee segment is","title":"Mr Praline"},{"id":"9747129","text":"six five degrees. Vessel restricted in ability to deviate from its course. Do not impede. OUT The word \"REPEAT\" should not be used in place of \"SAY AGAIN\", especially in the vicinity of naval or other firing ranges, as \"REPEAT\" is an artillery proword defined in ACP 125 U.S. Supp-2(A) with the wholly different meaning of \"request for the same volume of fire to be fired again with or without corrections or changes\" (e.g. at the same coordinates as the previous round). Please repeat the message you just sent me beginning after the word or phrase said after this proword.","title":"Procedure word"},{"id":"1665342","text":"of French into English. However, in this context, the correct translation of is 'heavens...!' In Monty Python's 1975 movie \"Monty Python and the Holy Grail\", the French castle guard (John Cleese) orders, when King Arthur (Graham Chapman) doesn't want to go away, his fellow guards to \"\"Fetchez la vache.\"\". The other French guards respond with \"\" and he repeats \"\"Fetchez la vache!\"\". The guards finally get it: fetch ('the cow'), which they then catapult at the Britons. In French, refers to the use of English words sometimes regarded as unwelcome imports or as bad slang. An example would be (also","title":"Franglais"},{"id":"5390340","text":"much like Spanish. The past tense of verbs is marked by the suffix \"-ile\" (\"hamba \"I go, go!\", \"hambile\" \"I went\"), and the future with the modal \"azi\" (\"azi hamba\" \"will go\").\" Here are two examples (all letters are pronounced):- \"Koki Lobin\" Cock Robin \"Zonke nyoni lapa moyo ena kala, ena kala\" All birds of air, they cried, they cried \"Ena izwile ena file lo nyoni Koki Lobin\" They heard the death the bird Cock Robin \"Ena izwile, ena file, ena izwile ena file Cocky Lobin.\" \"Kubani ena bulalile Koki Lobin?\" Who they killed Cock Robin \"Mina kruma lo Sparrow\"","title":"Fanagalo"},{"id":"13880923","text":"Monument. In 1988, the city held a competition for the design, and over 20 artists entered. , a Brazilian architect and sculptor, led the winning team. The monument depicts a man in the “pau de arara,” or parrot’s perch, torture position, in which victims are hung upside down with their wrists and ankles bound. This is a practice that current Brazilian President Dilma Rousseff endured. In 1979, the Brazilian Congress met to consider the proposal for amnesty from the government of João Figueiredo. The House was highly biased towards the military, with soldiers occupying nearly 800 of the 1200 seats.","title":"Torture Never Again"},{"id":"7845497","text":"century both in France and England, this sound de-affricated to ; and from that time has represented before front vowels either for etymological reasons, as in \"lance, cent,\" or to avoid the ambiguity due to the \"etymological\" use of for , as in \"ace, mice, once, pence, defence\". Thus, to show etymology, English spelling has \"advise\", \"devise\" (instead of \"advize\", \"devize\"), while \"advice, device, dice, ice, mice, twice,\" etc., do not reflect etymology; example has extended this to \"hence, pence, defence,\" etc., where there is no etymological reason for using . Former generations also wrote \"\" for \"sense\". Hence, today","title":"C"},{"id":"9085158","text":"\"Beneath a Crozet Trestle Bridge.\" The resulting effort was an album of primarily original material influenced by country blues and folk music. \"The Spirit of the Staircase\", Curreri's 2004 release saw the return of Jeff Romano, who produced and performed on 2002's \"From Long Gones to Hawkmoth\". The title of the record comes from a French expression \"l'esprit d'escalier\", the things you think to say after you are already out the door. His first live album, \"Are You Going to Paul Curreri\" was recorded at Charlottesville's (now-defunct) Gravity Lounge, and released in 2006. Musical backing was provided by Charlottesvillians Randall","title":"Paul Curreri"},{"id":"2525117","text":"intensely lyrical and experimental style of novelists such as Virginia Woolf and the unsentimental focus on female intellectual and emotional growth in the novels of Sigrid Undset and Doris Lessing. Chopin's most important stylistic legacy is the detachment of the narrator. Birds – In the beginning of the book, a parrot is in a cage shouting to Mr. Pontellier “Allez vous-en! Allez vous-en! Sapristi! That’s all right!” this translates to “Leave dammit”. It is clear that the parrot represents Edna’s unspoken feelings towards her husband. It also represents how Edna is caged in her society, without much freedom to live","title":"The Awakening (Chopin novel)"},{"id":"2259004","text":"in a transposed version, on the transverse flute. The arias included were: \"Non e si bello e vago\" (\"With thee is ev'ry pleasure beyond expressing\");\"Non ha piu che temere\" (\"My life my only treasure\"); \"Cara speme\" (\"Cruel creature\"); \"Spera ne ingannai\"; \"La speranza all alma mia\" (\"Hopes beguiling, pleasures smiling\"); \"Chi perde un momento\" (\"While Celia is flying\"); \"Venere bella\" (\"Gazing on my idol\"); \"Se pieta di me non senti\" (\"Welcome death, oh end my sorrow\"); \"V'adoro pupille\" (\"Lamenting, complaining\"); and \"Non disperar\" (\"Oh what a fool was I\"). Again the rival publisher and printer produced \"The favourite songs in","title":"Giulio Cesare"},{"id":"17354093","text":"by a drunken argument with his second wife, Rose Hilton, who was dancing on a verandah, nude, shouting \"oi yoi yoi\", an expression of frustration or exasperation. According to his wife, the argument took place in France in the summer of 1962, before they were married. Hilton has rejected the suggestion that he took conscious inspiration from paintings of dancers and bathers by Cézanne or Matisse, but admitted they were \"probably subconsciously\" important. The painting was exhibited in the British Pavilion at the Venice Biennale in 1964. It was also exhibited in a retrospective exhibition of Hilton's work at the","title":"Oi Yoi Yoi"},{"id":"4959458","text":"word: \"mihávas\" ('I have'), \"laknábo\" ('the boy'), \"delvórto\" ('of the word'), \"ĉetáblo\" ('at table'). Exceptions include \"kaj\" 'and', which may be pronounced more distinctly when it has a larger scope than the following word or phrase. Within poetry, of course, the meter determines stress: \"Hó, mia kór’, ne bátu máltrankvíle\" ('Oh my heart, do not beat uneasily'). Emphasis and contrast may override normal stress. Pronouns frequently take stress because of this. In a simple question like \"Ĉu vi vídis?\" ('Did you see?'), the pronoun hardly needs to be said and is unstressed; compare \"Né, dónu al mí\" and ('No, give","title":"Esperanto phonology"},{"id":"605475","text":"shoulda taken that left toin at Albukoikee.\" He first utters that phrase in \"Herr Meets Hare\" (1945), when he emerges in the Black Forest, a cartoon seldom seen today due to its blatantly topical subject matter. When Hermann Göring says to Bugs, \"There is no Las Vegas in 'Chermany'\" and takes a potshot at Bugs, Bugs dives into his hole and says, \"Joimany! Yipe!\", as Bugs realizes he is behind enemy lines. The confused response to his \"left toin\" comment also followed a pattern. For example, when he tunnels into Scotland in \"My Bunny Lies over the Sea\" (1948), while","title":"Bugs Bunny"},{"id":"8683876","text":"was filmed on November 23-27, 1934. The opening theme song is titled \"At the Races,\" composed by Louis Silvers. Curly has a violent reaction to the sight of a live mouse at any time, going into a fit while demanding, \"\"Moe! Larry! The Cheese!\"\". The only cure is for someone to feed him cheese, leading to Curly's manic catchphrase upon sighting a mouse in the film short. The reason for this is explained by Moe & Larry, stating that Curly's father was a rat. An external stimulus — as with Curly spotting the mouse — that causes him to go","title":"Horses' Collars"},{"id":"2763828","text":"master in a college at Rouen. Gresset published \"Vert-Vert\" at Rouen in 1734. It is the humorous story of a parrot, the delight of a convent whose talk was all of prayers and pious ambitions, and how it was conveyed to another convent as a visitor to please the nuns. On the way it falls among bad companions, forgets its convent language, and shocks the sisters on arrival by profane swearing. It is sent back in disgrace, punished by solitude and plain bread, repents, reforms and is finally killed by kindness. The treatment of the subject, the atmosphere which surrounds","title":"Jean-Baptiste-Louis Gresset"},{"id":"6343657","text":"the Egg\" and \"The Sneetches and Other Stories\". In the first tongue twister, Hooey the parrot reads the book of \"Oh Say Can You Say\" and states that the words in it are all phooey, and when one says them, one's lips will make slips and backflips, and one's tongues may end up in St. Louie. In the second one, a diner owner Finney sells 3 platters of fish which are fresh, fresher, and freshest to which he considers French-fried. In the third one, a skeletal Apatosaurus Dinn at a museum loses his left front shinbones, but with his handy","title":"Oh Say Can You Say?"},{"id":"20159631","text":"cat's tail and he runs away screaming in agony. Realizing the outside world isn't as safe as his cage, the canary flies back home and sings as the cartoon ends. The Discontented Canary The Discontented Canary is a 1934 Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Happy Harmonies short directed by Rudolf Ising. The cartoon begins with a canary in his cage and a parrot singing. The canary wants to get out of his cage, but is locked inside. Then, their owner arrives. But she accidentally left the cage open. Then, the canary flies out and goes outside. He descends into a garden and a cat","title":"The Discontented Canary"},{"id":"11572935","text":"come closer, and would be rewarded for stepping up onto the hand. Another example would be for a trainer to wait until a screaming parrot is quiet for a very short time, and then immediately reward it with praise and attention. The owner would then gradually increase the amount of time the parrot must be quiet to receive the extra attention. With this type of positive reinforcement approach to training (see shaping), the parrot is only rewarded for behaviors that bring it closer to the final desired outcome. For this technique to work effectively, it is common to have to","title":"Parrot training"},{"id":"18758890","text":"! </poem> Loup y es-tu? \"Loup y es-tu?\" (or \"Promenons-nous dans les bois\") is a famous French children's song, a \"comptine\" (a \"counting-out song\"). It sings about how a group enters a forest where no wolf is to be seen and \"as long as he isn't there, he won't eat us\". During the refrain the wolf is called, but each time he is busy putting on one of his clothes. Near the end he finally arrives, which is the sign for the children to run away. <poem> Promenons-nous dans les bois, Pendant que le loup n'y est pas. Si le","title":"Loup y es-tu?"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"id\": \"323852\",\n \"text\": \"world by the most accurate method of representing it in paint that he could find. To this end, he structurally ordered whatever he perceived into simple forms and colour planes. His statement \\\"I want to make of impressionism something solid and lasting like the art in the museums\\\", and his contention that he was recreating Poussin \\\"after nature\\\" underscored his desire to unite observation of nature with the permanence of classical composition. Cézanne was interested in the simplification of naturally occurring forms to their geometric essentials: he wanted to \\\"treat nature by the cylinder, the sphere, the cone\\\" (a tree\",\n \"title\": \"Paul Cézanne\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"323846\",\n \"text\": \"Paul Cézanne Paul Cézanne ( or ; ; 19 January 1839 – 22 October 1906) was a French artist and Post-Impressionist painter whose work laid the foundations of the transition from the 19th-century conception of artistic endeavor to a new and radically different world of art in the 20th century. Cézanne's often repetitive, exploratory brushstrokes are highly characteristic and clearly recognizable. He used planes of colour and small brushstrokes that build up to form complex fields. The paintings convey Cézanne's intense study of his subjects. Cézanne is said to have formed the bridge between late 19th-century Impressionism and the early\",\n \"title\": \"Paul Cézanne\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"323878\",\n \"text\": \"for highest price for a painting; surpassed only by Leonardo da Vinci's \\\"Salvator Mundi\\\" in November 2017. Paul Cézanne Paul Cézanne ( or ; ; 19 January 1839 – 22 October 1906) was a French artist and Post-Impressionist painter whose work laid the foundations of the transition from the 19th-century conception of artistic endeavor to a new and radically different world of art in the 20th century. Cézanne's often repetitive, exploratory brushstrokes are highly characteristic and clearly recognizable. He used planes of colour and small brushstrokes that build up to form complex fields. The paintings convey Cézanne's intense study of\",\n \"title\": \"Paul Cézanne\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8593294\",\n \"text\": \"asks the parrot, \\\"Polly want a cracker?\\\" The parrot changes his tune, \\\"Polly want a cracker! Polly want a cracker! Awk!\\\" Bugs hands him a lit firecracker, which promptly explodes, blasting all of the parrot's feathers off, leaving him dazed and smoldering. His last words before he faints are, \\\"Me and my big mouth!\\\" For the next part, Bugs poses as the now-unconscious parrot to lead Sam into a cannon. Bugs lights the fuse, and then, KABOOM! The cannon explodes and Sam falls out of the barrel. In a series of gags that mildly anticipate the \\\"Road Runner\\\" series, Bugs\",\n \"title\": \"Buccaneer Bunny\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15736209\",\n \"text\": \"again with his smell, but fails. The dog then goes over to get a bottle of perfume and sprays it over himself and Pepé. Unable to stand the smell of perfume, Pepé runs off outside, jumps into the icy water and returns to thaw himself out in the fireplace, at which point he catches a cold himself. The pair finally agree to live with the colds and each other since neither can get rid of the other, and as they sneeze, they both say \\\"Gesundheit!\\\". Odor of the Day Odor of the Day is a 1948 animated short in the\",\n \"title\": \"Odor of the Day\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19502780\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"I invented 'wet on wet', I trained him, and ... he thinks he can do it better.\\\" Art historians have pointed out that the \\\"wet-on-wet\\\" (or alla prima) technique actually originated in Flanders during the 15th century, and was used by Frans Hals, Diego Velázquez, Caravaggio, Paul Cezanne, John Singer Sargent, and Claude Monet, among many others. Ross was well known for the catchphrases he used while painting such as \\\"happy little trees\\\". In most episodes of \\\"The Joy of Painting\\\", Ross would note that one of his favorite parts of painting was cleaning the brush. Specifically, he was fond\",\n \"title\": \"Bob Ross\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"327906\",\n \"text\": \"the 1960s. Occasional examples in English were created in the 19th century. Several in French and Latin date to the [[Middle Ages]]. There are also line-unit palindromes. Palindromes often consist of a sentence or phrase, e.g., \\\"Mr. Owl ate my metal worm\\\", \\\"Was it a car or a cat I saw?\\\", \\\"Murder for a jar of red rum\\\" or \\\"Go hang a salami, I'm a lasagna hog\\\". Punctuation, capitalization, and spaces are usually ignored. Some, such as \\\"Rats live on no evil star\\\", \\\"Live on time, emit no evil\\\", and \\\"Step on no pets\\\", include the spaces. Semordnilap (palindromes spelled\",\n \"title\": \"Palindrome\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9649061\",\n \"text\": \"allusion croaking \\\"Nevermore!\\\" (invoking Edgar Allan Poe’s 1845 poem, \\\"The Raven\\\"). The following week a dove is sent forth and subsequently returns with an olive branch, an indication of dry land. Shortly thereafter, God commands Noah to emerge from the ark (\\\"Come out with your wife and your sons and daughters there / and set the animals free and the birds of the air\\\"). The work closes with a waltz as God avows never to send another flood, a pledge confirmed by the newly created rainbow (\\\"This is my promise to you, the rainbow overhead: violet, indigo, blue and green,\",\n \"title\": \"Captain Noah and His Floating Zoo\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10096677\",\n \"text\": \"is led by the paintings. Some of the world's most memorable art works are recreated, following the same techniques that the artists used at the time. The series reveals how Claude Monet, in a race against time to capture the light, took just 40 minutes to paint his seminal work \\\"Impression, Sunrise\\\"; why Édouard Manet's depiction of Olympia, in which his model brazenly gazes out of the canvas, so outraged Parisian society; and how Paul Cézanne's 60 paintings of one mountain, Montagne Saint-Victoire, helped to lay the foundations for Cubism and modern art. Julian Glover plays 80-year-old Monet, the \\\"Father\",\n \"title\": \"The Impressionists (TV series)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"786184\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"howay\\\" (\\\"hurry up!\\\"; \\\"come on!\\\") \\\"Howay\\\" is broadly comparable to the invocation \\\"Come on!\\\" or the French \\\"Allez-y!\\\" (\\\"Go on!\\\"). Examples of common use include \\\"Howay man!\\\", meaning \\\"come on\\\" or \\\"hurry up\\\", \\\"Howay the lads!\\\" as a term of encouragement for a sports team for example (the players' tunnel at St James' Park has this phrase just above the entrance to the pitch), or \\\"Ho'way!?\\\" (with stress on the second syllable) expressing incredulity or disbelief. The literal opposite of this phrase is \\\"haddaway\\\" (\\\"go away\\\"); although not as common as \\\"howay\\\", it is perhaps most commonly used in the\",\n \"title\": \"Geordie\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8923850\",\n \"text\": \"Angélique de Boer. The Talking Parrot was one of the ten original scenes from 1952, designed by Anton Pieck. The tale is about a naughty princess who used to mock people's voices and movements. She was turned into a parrot by an old fairy whom she ridiculed. When the girl regrets her sins, the fairy vetoes the spell and \\\"they live happily ever after\\\". The scene is depicted by the parrot, which records sounds for a few seconds at a time and then plays back any sounds captured on the recording. The scene was titled \\\"The Naughty Princess\\\" before being\",\n \"title\": \"Fairytale Forest\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18482094\",\n \"text\": \"other birds on the roof of the stable are painted over finished areas, rather than areas \\\"reserved\\\" as would be the case if they had been planned from the start. They appear to come from an even later phase of painting, and have been connected with emblems adopted by Cosimo de' Medici's sons Piero (1416–1469) and Giovanni (1421–1463). The former used a falcon holding a ring, with the motto \\\"SEMPER\\\" (\\\"always\\\" or \\\"for ever\\\" in Latin) and the latter a peacock with the motto \\\"REGARDE-MOI\\\" (\\\"Watch me\\\" in French). Together with the dog on the grass at the bottom of\",\n \"title\": \"Adoration of the Magi (Fra Angelico and Filippo Lippi)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18202239\",\n \"text\": \"because fowl is pronounced 'vowl'. Dorset is home to some distinctive words and phrases. Some phrases are alternative versions of popular English sayings, such as, \\\"Don't teach yer grandma to spin\\\" which means the same as, \\\"Don't teach your grandmother to suck eggs\\\", and \\\"Zet the fox to keep the geese\\\" is similar to the more popular \\\"Putting the fox in charge of the henhouse\\\" but others are peculiar to Dorset. All the goo, meaning all the fashion, was how Barnes described the then new fad for mahogany furniture, in his poem 'Woak Was Good Enough Woonce' and \\\"That'll happen\",\n \"title\": \"Dorset dialect\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5939525\",\n \"text\": \"Rabbit rabbit rabbit \\\"Rabbit rabbit rabbit\\\" is a superstition found in Britain and North America wherein a person says or repeats the words \\\"rabbit\\\", \\\"rabbits\\\" and/or \\\"white rabbits\\\" aloud upon waking on the first day of a month, to ensure good luck for the rest of it. The exact origin of the superstition is unknown, though it was recorded in \\\"Notes and Queries\\\" as being said by children in 1909: \\\"My two daughters are in the habit of saying 'Rabbits!' on the first day of each month. The word must be spoken aloud, and be the first word said in\",\n \"title\": \"Rabbit rabbit rabbit\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1423919\",\n \"text\": \"expressive effect, and use unnatural or arbitrary colour. The Post-Impressionists were dissatisfied with what they felt was the triviality of subject matter and the loss of structure in Impressionist paintings, though they did not agree on the way forward. Georges Seurat and his followers concerned themselves with Pointillism, the systematic use of tiny dots of colour. Paul Cézanne set out to restore a sense of order and structure to painting, to \\\"make of Impressionism something solid and durable, like the art of the museums\\\". He achieved this by reducing objects to their basic shapes while retaining the saturated colours of\",\n \"title\": \"Post-Impressionism\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10331425\",\n \"text\": \"cryptic messages. The boys aren't the only ones who want to hear the dead man's secret. Others, including an infamous French art thief, Huganay, have also concluded that the messages are the key to locating a particularly valuable hidden item. The coded message is as follows, by parrots, in order: The messages each stand for something. Little Bo Peep's message talks about calling on Sherlock Holmes, and where would you call on him except for Baker Street? So the parrots give an address on Baker Street. Next is Billy, whose stutter actually is the number of the address, to-to-to-be, or\",\n \"title\": \"The Mystery of the Stuttering Parrot\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17135481\",\n \"text\": \"Rupert's plate and Hubert is repulsed by the smell of vinegar) and refuse to eat it, despite Bean eating his and pretending to like it. Bean then heads back to the kitchen and takes peanuts from a bird feeder outside and pours them onto a plate. Meanwhile, Rupert and Hubert turn the clock in the living room to just before midnight. When Bean comes back, the clock chimes and Rupert and Hubert say \\\"Happy New Year!\\\". Bean is also happy, saying \\\"Doesn't time fly while you're enjoying yourself?\\\". They then link hands (almost forgetting Teddy) and sing \\\"Auld Lang Syne\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"Do-It-Yourself Mr. Bean\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15427881\",\n \"text\": \"use Vilain's words—\\\"suggestive\\\" and the imaginative penetration beneath the \\\"here-and-now\\\" daring and provocative. Like Laforgue after him, Giraud uses neologisms (\\\"Bourrèle!\\\" [\\\"Executioner!\\\" or \\\"Torturer!\\\"]), unusual word choices (\\\"patte\\\" [which usually means \\\"paw\\\"] for Pierrot's foot), and ambiguities (\\\"Arlequin porte un arc-en-ciel\\\", meaning \\\"Harlequin bears [or \\\"carries\\\" or \\\"wears\\\"] a rainbow\\\") to enrich the fantastic atmosphere of the poems. His syntax is sometimes elliptical or fractured, as in the first line of the cycle: \\\"Je rêve un théâtre de chambre\\\" (\\\"I dream a chamber theater\\\"), instead of the usual \\\"Je rêve \\\"d'un\\\" théâtre de chambre\\\". And the imagery, especially in the\",\n \"title\": \"Pierrot lunaire (book)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13417319\",\n \"text\": \"as a proverbial example of a safeword. There are several theories on the phrase's origin. One theory is that it derives from a phrase uttered by youngsters in the Roman empire who got into trouble, \\\"patrue mi patruissime\\\" (“uncle, my best of uncles”). It may also be based on a joke from 19th-century England about a bullied parrot being coaxed to address his owner's uncle. \\\"Uncle\\\" may derive from the Irish \\\"anacol,\\\" meaning mercy or quarter, but there is no strong evidence to support this conjecture. There is a common analog in the Arabian Peninsula, the expression \\\"\\\" (gol aami),\",\n \"title\": \"Say Uncle\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4817388\",\n \"text\": \"is no profit without working can be paraphrased as “Roasted pigeons/larks/sparrows/geese/chickens/birds don’t fly into one’s mouth”, e.g. Cz. \\\"Pečeni ptáci nelítají do huby (birds!)\\\" = Dan. \\\"Stegte duer flyve ingen i munden (pigeon!)\\\" = ndl. \\\"De gebraden duiven vliegen je niet in de mond (pigeons!)\\\" = E. \\\"He thinks that larks will fall into his mouth roasted\\\" = Finn. \\\"Ei paistetut varpuset suuhun lennä (sparrows!)\\\" = Fr. \\\"Les alouettes ne vous tombent pas toutes rôties dans le bec (larks!)\\\" = G. \\\"Gebratene Tauben fliegen einem nicht ins Maul (pigeon!)\\\" = Hungar. \\\"Senkinek nem repül a szájába a sült galamb (pigeon!)\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"Eurolinguistics\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17491629\",\n \"text\": \"Mais où est donc Ornicar ? Mais où est donc Ornicar ?, or Mais où est donc Carnior ? and also Ormais, où est donc Nicar ? is a French-language mnemonic that aids in remembering the language's coordinating conjunctions. The sentence translates as \\\"Where, therefore, is Ornicar?\\\", or \\\"Where is Ornicar, then?\\\", and is a phonetic juxtaposition of the words \\\"mais\\\" (but), \\\"ou\\\" (or), \\\"et\\\" (and), \\\"donc\\\" (therefore), \\\"or\\\" (however), \\\"ni\\\" (nor), and \\\"car\\\" (for). The phrase is often learned by French school children, and has influenced French culture, including having an asteroid named after it and inspiring the titles\",\n \"title\": \"Mais où est donc Ornicar ?\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12967365\",\n \"text\": \"Flying pigs!\\\" An identical phrase, used to express impossibilities, exists in Romanian, \\\"Când o zbura porcul\\\", literally meaning \\\"When the pig shall fly\\\"; an equivalent also implying an animal is \\\"La Paștele cailor\\\", literally: \\\"on horses' Easter\\\". Similar phrases in English include \\\"\\\", the Latin expression \\\"to the Greek calends\\\", and \\\"and monkeys might fly out of my butt\\\", popularized in Wayne's World skits and movies. They are examples of adynata. In Finnish, the expression \\\"\\\"kun lehmät lentävät\\\"\\\" (when cows fly) is used because of its alliteration. In French, the most common expression is \\\"\\\"quand les poules auront des dents\\\"\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"When pigs fly\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17621823\",\n \"text\": \"up in Los Angeles. The title \\\"Better Out Than In\\\" is a reference to a quote by impressionist Paul Cézanne, \\\"All pictures painted inside, in the studio, will never be as good as those done outside.\\\" In an interview with \\\"The Village Voice\\\", Banksy said \\\"New York calls to graffiti writers like a dirty old lighthouse. We all want to prove ourselves here,\\\" and that he chose it for the high foot traffic and hiding places. The works Banksy has included in \\\"Better Out Than In\\\" primarily consist of stencil graffiti, much of which are political in nature. His first\",\n \"title\": \"Better Out Than In\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17491634\",\n \"text\": \"?\\\". The mnemonic became the subject of a satirical \\\"Chuck Norris fact\\\" in France: \\\"Chuck Norris knows where Ornicar is\\\". Mais où est donc Ornicar ? Mais où est donc Ornicar ?, or Mais où est donc Carnior ? and also Ormais, où est donc Nicar ? is a French-language mnemonic that aids in remembering the language's coordinating conjunctions. The sentence translates as \\\"Where, therefore, is Ornicar?\\\", or \\\"Where is Ornicar, then?\\\", and is a phonetic juxtaposition of the words \\\"mais\\\" (but), \\\"ou\\\" (or), \\\"et\\\" (and), \\\"donc\\\" (therefore), \\\"or\\\" (however), \\\"ni\\\" (nor), and \\\"car\\\" (for). The phrase is often learned\",\n \"title\": \"Mais où est donc Ornicar ?\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3389998\",\n \"text\": \"data could be interpreted as his being able to estimate quickly and accurately the number of something, better than humans can. When he was tired of being tested, he would say \\\"Wanna go back\\\", meaning he wanted to go back to his cage, and in general, he would request where he wanted to be taken by saying \\\"Wanna go...\\\", protest if he was taken to a different place, and sit quietly when taken to his preferred spot. He was not trained to say where he wanted to go, but picked it up from being asked where he would like to\",\n \"title\": \"Alex (parrot)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11778565\",\n \"text\": \"the revival of \\\"Pretty Polly\\\", and both Richard D'Oyly Carte and Queen Victoria died during the revival. As a mark of respect, the Savoy Theatre was kept dark for a period of time after each of these sad events. A good-hearted young man, Charlie Brown, has been abroad for some time. He wants to propose to pretty Polly Grey, but he is shy. He brings a talking parrot to her apartment to say the words \\\"Pretty Polly! I wonder if she ever thinks of me!\\\", which he hopes will \\\"break the ice\\\" for him, but he hides the parrot until\",\n \"title\": \"Pretty Polly (play)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1423917\",\n \"text\": \"Post-Impressionism Post-Impressionism (also spelled Postimpressionism) is a predominantly French art movement that developed roughly between 1886 and 1905, from the last Impressionist exhibition to the birth of Fauvism. Post-Impressionism emerged as a reaction against Impressionists' concern for the naturalistic depiction of light and colour. Due to its broad emphasis on abstract qualities or symbolic content, Post-Impressionism encompasses Neo-Impressionism, Symbolism, Cloisonnism, Pont-Aven School, and Synthetism, along with some later Impressionists' work. The movement was led by Paul Cézanne (known as father of Post-impressionism), Paul Gauguin, Vincent van Gogh, and Georges Seurat. The term \\\"Post-Impressionism\\\" was first used by art critic Roger\",\n \"title\": \"Post-Impressionism\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8834058\",\n \"text\": \"all be human,<br> This world would be in rhyme;<br> So be human all the time! Share a tasty carrot with your parrot,<br> Serve your chimpanzee a piece of cheese;<br> Sip a sarsaparilla with your camel or gorilla,<br> With kind regards to all of them from me. Be human, animals can cry;<br> Be human, won't you even try?<br> Don't think you're wonderful just because<br> You weren't born with a tail and claws. Be human, have a tender word,<br> For every animal and bird! It's futile to be brutal,<br> That won't get you a dime;<br> So be human all the time! A\",\n \"title\": \"Be Human (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20156073\",\n \"text\": \"he was sent there with a Loire boatman and en route naturally acquires some of the sea-faring vocabulary. On arrival in Nantes the bird swears like a sailor and the nuns, horrified, send the parrot back to Nevers where it is almost impossible to make it relearn Latin. Nonetheless, the bird ends his days embraced in solicitude to the extent of expiring of indigestion. The librettists cite one passage in its entirety in the first scene: The subject was also used in 1851 for a ballet-pantomime in three acts with music by Édouard Deldevez and Jean-Baptiste Tolbecque and choreography by\",\n \"title\": \"Vert-Vert\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1365108\",\n \"text\": \"day in the studio, McCartney \\\"gave us a full concert rendition of 'Hey Jude'\\\". When introducing the composition to Lennon, McCartney assured him that he would \\\"fix\\\" the line \\\"the movement you need is on your shoulder\\\", reasoning that \\\"it's a stupid expression; it sounds like a parrot.\\\" Lennon replied: \\\"You won't, you know. That's the best line in the song.\\\" McCartney retained the phrase; he later said of his subsequent live performances of the song: \\\"that's the line when I think of John, and sometimes I get a little emotional during that moment.\\\" Although McCartney originally wrote \\\"Hey Jude\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"Hey Jude\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10297073\",\n \"text\": \"the song, in addition to the Animaniacs example mentioned above, include \\\"The Muppet Show\\\" (season 3, episode 61), which staged a scene in which comedian Gilda Radner and a talking carrot each assayed the Major-General's song and also sampled \\\"A Policeman's Lot\\\" and \\\"Poor Wand'ring One\\\". Radner told Kermit that she had written to request a 7-foot-tall talking \\\"parrot\\\", but he misread her handwriting: she wanted to present \\\"The Parrots of Penzance\\\". In an episode of \\\"Home Improvement\\\", Al Borland, thinking he was in a sound-proof booth, belts out the first stanza but is heard by everyone. Others include the\",\n \"title\": \"Cultural influence of Gilbert and Sullivan\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"323847\",\n \"text\": \"20th century's new line of artistic enquiry, Cubism. Both Matisse and Picasso are said to have remarked that Cézanne \\\"is the father of us all.\\\" The Cézannes came from the commune of Saint-Sauveur (Hautes-Alpes, Occitania). Paul Cézanne was born on 19 January 1839 in Aix-en-Provence. On 22 February, he was baptized in the Église de la Madeleine, with his grandmother and uncle Louis as godparents, and became a devout Catholic later in life. His father, Louis Auguste Cézanne (1798–1886), a native of Saint-Zacharie (Var), was the co-founder of a banking firm (Banque Cézanne et Cabassol) that prospered throughout the artist's\",\n \"title\": \"Paul Cézanne\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14500629\",\n \"text\": \"was \\\"Cuatro Mexicanos\\\"/\\\"Vivo en la mina\\\" (I live in the mine), followed by \\\"Tu serás mi beibi\\\" (You'll be my baby)/\\\"Te Quiero Loro\\\" (Love you parrot) and \\\"Es por la mañana, el niño sale de la cabaña con su caña para ir a pescar\\\" (Early morning the kid leaves his cabin just to go fishing)/\\\"San Serenín\\\". In 1988, they released their second and last album \\\"Cómo me pone tu celulitis\\\" (How I love your cellulite). It was a work in the same genre as the previous, but it was totally ignored. Cuentos Chinos Cuentos Chinos is a Spanish rock music\",\n \"title\": \"Cuentos Chinos\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8483877\",\n \"text\": \"he prudently tells them that he has not, because \\\"the unicorn is a mythical beast.\\\" Thus they take the wife away instead, and \\\"the husband lived happily ever after\\\". The story ends with, \\\"Moral: Don't count your boobies before they're hatched\\\", a play on the popular adage, \\\"Don't count your chickens before they're hatched\\\". Thus, the moral advises not to expect one's hopes to be a certainty. An animated version of the story was released by United Productions of America in 1953. The cartoon was directed by William Hurtz, and was originally intended to be part of a feature based\",\n \"title\": \"The Unicorn in the Garden\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"482186\",\n \"text\": \"to Asclepius; will you remember to pay the debt?\\\", signifying that death was a cure for the illness of life. The Greeks believed that even lions were afraid of roosters. Several of Aesop's Fables reference this belief. In the New Testament, Jesus prophesied the betrayal by Peter: \\\"Jesus answered, 'I tell you, Peter, before the rooster crows today, you will deny three times that you know me.'\\\" It happened, and Peter cried bitterly. This made the rooster a symbol for both vigilance and betrayal. Earlier, Jesus compares himself to a mother hen when talking about Jerusalem: \\\"O Jerusalem, Jerusalem, you\",\n \"title\": \"Chicken\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2352194\",\n \"text\": \"register) – a tactic that effectively contributes to creating a sonic impression of tenderness and charm\\\". A recitative for alto is a prayer for future protection, \\\"\\\" (Do not forget later, with Your hand)‘’, concluded by a choral \\\"Amen\\\" in unison. The surprise is an interpretation of a line quoted from , \\\"und alles Volk soll sagen: Amen!\\\" (And all the people shall answer and say, Amen.). The alto performs the last aria, \\\"\\\" (Hallelujah, power and might)‘’, repeating and reinforcing the thoughts of the first. The music repeats the main section of the tenor aria, now accompanied by the\",\n \"title\": \"Wir danken dir, Gott, wir danken dir, BWV 29\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7794276\",\n \"text\": \"of interesting terms of endearment, including a rather odd assortment of barnyard animals...[like] mon canard (my duck)' – something which may be compared to the British 'baby talk...duckie'. When proper names escape one, terms of endearment can always substitute, producing (as Lacan put it) the 'opacity of the ejaculations of love, when, lacking a signifier to name the object of its epithalamium, it employs the crudest trickery of the imaginary. \\\"I'll eat you up...Sweetie!\\\" \\\"You'll love it...Rat!\\\"'. Eric Berne identified the marital game of \\\"Sweetheart\\\", where 'White makes a subtly derogatory remark about Mrs White, disguised as anecdote, and ends:\",\n \"title\": \"Term of endearment\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9537036\",\n \"text\": \"he they are honoring, he who they have proclaimed King! ... The adulterer has defiled my royal residence: and he, to make his treason more complete, spying upon my sleep and taking advantage of the hour, poured poison on my sleeping lips. ... Avenge me, my son! Avenge your father! ... From your mother, though, turn your anger away, we must leave punishment in the care of heaven.\\\" The ghost withdraws, his parting words: \\\"Souviens-toi!\\\" – \\\"Remember me!\\\" Hamlet draws his sword and proclaims his intention to obey the ghost's command (Hamlet: \\\"Ombre chére, ombre vengeresse, j'exaucerai ton vœu! ...\",\n \"title\": \"Hamlet (Thomas)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14482208\",\n \"text\": \"or eagle, the Florida Scrub-Jay warns other jays to seek cover by using a thin, shrill-like call. In contrast, an approaching predatory feline provokes a low-pitched \\\"scolding\\\" sound, and calls on fellow jays for help in scaring the intruder away. Parrots kept as pets demonstrate contact calls with their human owners. Parrots make their call to establish that the human is within earshot, and continue to make the call (sometimes growing louder into a scream) until acknowledged. The screaming develops in pet parrots, as well as wild flock, when the animal feels like its needs are not being met because\",\n \"title\": \"Contact call\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5059144\",\n \"text\": \"village of Puddleby-on-the-Marsh. His love of animals grows over the years and his household menagerie eventually scares off his human clientele, leading to loss of wealth. But after learning the secret of speaking to all animals from his parrot Polynesia, he takes up veterinary practice. His fortunes rise and fall again after a crocodile takes up residence, leading to his sister leaving in disgust with the intention of getting married, but his fame in the animal kingdom spreads throughout the world. He is conscripted into voyaging to Africa to cure a monkey epidemic just as he faces bankruptcy. He has\",\n \"title\": \"The Story of Doctor Dolittle\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6222716\",\n \"text\": \"the setting of the plot; for instance: Seagoon had several catch-phrases, seemingly random gibberish that became his trademarks, such as \\\"Ying tong yiddle I po!” (followed by a shout of \\\"“GOOD!”\\\" by someone else) and \\\"Needle-nardle-noo\\\". He would also express intense surprise by repeating the word \\\"What?!\\\" rapidly and in rising pitch, as \\\"Whatwhatwhatwhatwhatwhatwhatwhatwhatwhatwhatwhat?\\\" (in \\\"The Moon Show\\\", Grytpype replies to this by saying, \\\"Only ten whats [watts as in the unit of power used to rate electric lamps]; you're not very bright, are you?\\\"), and would do likewise with the word \\\"Yes?\\\" as \\\"Yesyesyesyesyesyes?\\\", generally motivating Grytpype-Thynne to request\",\n \"title\": \"Neddie Seagoon\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8264869\",\n \"text\": \"Mr. Mistoffelees is black and small and can perform many feats of magic that no other cat can do (including producing \\\"Seven Kittens, right out of a hat\\\" ), and succeeds in bringing back Old Deuteronomy, and also turning the junkyard's lights on. He is praised by all the cats. The Jellicle choice can now be made. Old Deuteronomy sits down and Grizabella appears for the final time. Old Deuteronomy allows her to have a chance to address the cats. Her faded appearance and lonely disposition have little effect on her song (\\\"\\\"Memory\\\"\\\"). The appeal succeeds and she is chosen\",\n \"title\": \"Cats (1998 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9477193\",\n \"text\": \"it clear that its inspiration was Edmond Rostand's drama \\\"Chantecler\\\" about a cock that believed the sun would not rise unless it crowed first. Several other works claim to be inspired by Chaucer's tale but, like Rostand's play and the 1990 cartoon feature film Rock-a-Doodle based on it, have little connection with the original Renart Cycle version beyond using the name Chanticleer, or variants of it. Chanticleer and the Fox Chanticleer and the Fox is a fable that dates from the Middle Ages. Though it can be compared to Aesop's fable of The Fox and the Crow, it is of\",\n \"title\": \"Chanticleer and the Fox\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9480572\",\n \"text\": \"in Robert Louis Stevenson's novel \\\"Treasure Island\\\" (1883). Her habitual refrain: \\\"Pieces of eight! Pieces of eight!\\\" In the narrative poem \\\"The Raven\\\" by Edgar Allan Poe the titular bird famously recites the word \\\"Nevermore\\\" throughout. Talking ravens are a notable element in the series \\\"A Song of Ice and Fire\\\" by author George R. R. Martin. One in particular has the ability to say \\\"Corn!\\\" when hungry, but many say \\\"Snow!\\\" as well. The 2017 \\\"Doctor Who\\\" episode \\\"The Eaters of Light\\\" depicts talking crows in Scotland at the time of the Picts' wars against the Romans. It further\",\n \"title\": \"Talking bird\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18980938\",\n \"text\": \"feelings of guilt (and confusion) Presley repents, committing to make more traditional choices in his life moving forward (Old Fashioned Guy [Reprise]). Dressed as a male mobster (parrot), Vera performs, (The Sharpest Smile) a cautionary tale about a doomed romance between a parrot and a crocodile named “Pearl” (who is played by Armitage). As the song progresses, “Pearl” chases the “mobster” up and down the stage in a loving attempt to eat the mobster alive. In a private moment, Baalthazar discloses (only to the audience) his obsession with “Crunchy Crackers”. He explains that mankind has systematically used “the devil biscuit”\",\n \"title\": \"Love Birds (musical)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"211507\",\n \"text\": \"the man with a dead Norwegian Blue parrot and a menagerie of other animals all named \\\"Eric\\\". He was also known for his working class \\\"Sergeant Major\\\" character, who worked as a Police Sergeant, Roman Centurion, etc. He is also seen as the opening announcer with the now famous line \\\"And now for something completely different\\\", although in its premiere in the sketch \\\"Man with Three Buttocks\\\", the phrase was spoken by Eric Idle. Along with Gilliam's animations, Cleese's work with Graham Chapman provided Python with its darkest and angriest moments, and many of his characters display the seething suppressed\",\n \"title\": \"John Cleese\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12346575\",\n \"text\": \"Psittacism Psittacism is speech or writing that appears mechanical or repetitive in the manner of a parrot. More generally it is a pejorative description of the use of words which appear to have been used without regard to their meaning. The word is derived from the Latin term for parrots \\\"psittaci\\\" – which in turn derives from the Greek ψιττακός – in an analogy with the ability of some parrots to speak human words but without any knowledge of their meaning. Parrots, in turn, may be used as symbols of psittacism. In Flaubert's story \\\"Un cœur simple\\\" the parrot may\",\n \"title\": \"Psittacism\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4426221\",\n \"text\": \"case of Whizzo's Chocolates (hence his name, praline being a kind of hazelnut candy), which produced such gems as Cockroach Cluster, Anthrax Ripple, and the titular Crunchy Frog. Praline's defining moment came in two episodes later, when he attempted to return his recently purchased dead parrot to the pet shop from which he had bought it, not half an hour ago at that very boutique. This segment has been called the comedy team's single best-known sketch, and it led to Praline's appearance in the team's first theatrical release, \\\"And Now for Something Completely Different\\\" (1971) which included a remake of\",\n \"title\": \"Mr Praline\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7423198\",\n \"text\": \"bagage, bitte, cingler, équiper (to equip), flotte, fringale, girouette, guichet, hauban, houle, hune, mare, marsouin, mouette, quille, raz, siller, touer, traquer, turbot, vague, varangue, varech\\\". Others pertain to farming and daily life: \\\"accroupir, amadouer, bidon, bigot, brayer, brette, cottage, coterie, crochet, duvet, embraser, fi, flâner, guichet, haras, harfang, harnais, houspiller, marmonner, mièvre, nabot, nique, quenotte, raccrocher, ricaner, rincer, rogue\\\". Likewise, words borrowed from Dutch deal mainly with trade, or are nautical in nature, but not always so: \\\"affaler, amarrer, anspect, bar (sea-bass), bastringuer, bière (beer), blouse (bump), botte, bouée, bouffer, boulevard, bouquin, cague, cahute, caqueter, choquer, diguer, drôle, dune, équiper\",\n \"title\": \"History of French\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19533124\",\n \"text\": \"(\\\"vil bétail\\\" / \\\"vile cattle\\\"), while the swan is humanized (\\\"avec ses gestes fous\\\" / \\\"with its mad gestures\\\"). The memory of the poet is fertilized by the Paris of the Grand Boulevards. The memory which \\\"sonne à plein souffle du cor\\\" (\\\"sounds with the hunting horns\\\") recalls the death of Roland in La Chanson de Roland, but is also expressed in the line \\\"mes chers souvenirs sont plus lourds que des rocs\\\" (\\\"my dear memories are heavier than rocks\\\"): the alliterations in [s] (expressive of breath) and in [r] (expressing heaviness) oppose one another, while \\\"cor\\\" and \\\"roc\\\" are\",\n \"title\": \"The Swan (Baudelaire)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18404292\",\n \"text\": \"good-bye-ee! Wipe the tear, baby dear, from your eye-ee. Tho' it's hard to part I know, I'll be tickled to death to go. Don't cry-ee! don't sigh-ee! There's a silver lining in the sky-ee. Bonsoir old thing, cheerio! chin chin! Nah-poo! Toodle-oo! Good-bye-ee! </poem> The salutations at the end of the chorus are from various languages. \\\"Bonsoir\\\" is French for goodnight. \\\"Chin chin\\\" is a Chinese toast. \\\"Nahpoo\\\" and \\\"toodle-oo\\\" are corruptions of the French \\\"il n'y en a plus\\\" (there is no more) and \\\"à tout à l'heure\\\" (see you later). Good-bye-ee! \\\"Good-bye-ee!\\\" is a popular song which was\",\n \"title\": \"Good-bye-ee!\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1951118\",\n \"text\": \"Orchard Halliwell was a notable collector of English nursery rhymes. Some of the best known nursery rhymes from Britain are \\\"Twinkle Twinkle Little Star\\\", \\\"Roses Are Red\\\", \\\"Jack and Jill\\\", \\\"Cock a doodle doo\\\", \\\"Baa, Baa, Black Sheep\\\", \\\"The Grand Old Duke of York\\\", \\\"London Bridge Is Falling Down\\\", \\\"Hey Diddle Diddle\\\", \\\"Three Blind Mice\\\", \\\"Little Miss Muffet\\\", \\\"Pat-a-cake\\\", \\\"Pop Goes the Weasel\\\", \\\"The Queen of Hearts\\\", \\\"Polly Put the Kettle On\\\", \\\"Peter Piper\\\", \\\"One, Two, Buckle My Shoe\\\", \\\"Hickory Dickory Dock\\\", \\\"One for Sorrow\\\", \\\"This Old Man\\\", \\\"Simple Simon\\\", \\\"Old Mother Hubbard\\\", \\\"Little Bo Peep\\\", \\\"Sing a Song of\",\n \"title\": \"Culture of the United Kingdom\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5665339\",\n \"text\": \"alone: « Qui vivra, verra » (\\\"Whoever lives, will see\\\" \\\"He who lives, will see\\\"). When a relative clause is to serve as an adverb, it takes the same form as when it is to serve as an inanimate noun, except that \\\"ce\\\" is omitted before a preposition: « Ils sont allés dîner, après quoi ils sont rentrés » (\\\"They went out to eat, after which they went home\\\"); « Ils ne se sont pas du tout parlé, ce qui me semblait étrange » (\\\"They did not talk to each other at all, which seemed strange to me\\\"). French has\",\n \"title\": \"French pronouns\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5535944\",\n \"text\": \"raw=\\\"1\\\" lang=\\\"lilypond\\\"> \\\\header { \\\\score { </score> Lyrics in parentheses are sung by the chorus. <poem lang=\\\"fr\\\" style=\\\"float:left;\\\">[spoken intro] Quand je vous aimerai ? Ma foi, je ne sais pas, Peut-être jamais, peut-être demain. Mais pas aujourd'hui, c'est certain ! [sung] L'amour est un oiseau rebelle Que nul ne peut apprivoiser, Et c'est bien en vain qu'on l'appelle, S'il lui convient de refuser. Rien n'y fait, menace ou prière ; L'un parle bien, l'autre se tait, Et c'est l'autre que je préfère ; Il n'a rien dit, mais il me plaît. (L'amour est un oiseau rebelle) L'amour... (Que nul ne\",\n \"title\": \"Habanera (aria)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2315319\",\n \"text\": \"the king as wanting to impress everyone with his breadth of great knowledge and the importance of one with no need to expound. This reflected the usage in the novel, \\\"Anna and the King of Siam\\\", which expressed that king's playful understanding of innumerable things with the phrase, \\\"&c., &c.\\\" \\\"Et cetera\\\" and derivatives, such as \\\"etceteras\\\", have long been, and still are, used airily, humorously or dismissively, often as a cadigan, for example: Et cetera Et cetera (in English; ; ), abbreviated to etc., etc, &c., or &c, is a Latin expression that is used in English to mean\",\n \"title\": \"Et cetera\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8289052\",\n \"text\": \"Peter would deny him three times before the rooster crowed on the following morning. At the rooster's crowing, Peter remembered Jesus's words. Its crowing at the dawning of each new morning made it a symbol of the daily victory of light over darkness and the triumph of good over evil. It is also an emblem of the Christian's attitude of watchfulness and readiness for the sudden return of Christ, the resurrection of the dead, and the final judgment of humankind. That is why, during the Renaissance, the rooster became a symbol of France as a Catholic state and became a\",\n \"title\": \"Gallic rooster\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1469438\",\n \"text\": \"hypocoristics for names, whereby \\\"Louise\\\" becomes \\\"Loulou\\\", and Zinedine Zidane becomes \\\"Zizou\\\"; and in many nursery words, like \\\"dada\\\" 'horsie' (vs. \\\"cheval\\\" 'horse'), \\\"tati\\\" 'auntie' (vs. \\\"tante\\\" 'aunt'), or \\\"tonton\\\" 'unkie' (vs. \\\"oncle\\\" 'uncle'). In Romanian and Catalan, reduplication is not uncommon and it has been used for both the creation of new words (including many from onomatopoeia) and expressions, for example, In colloquial Mexican Spanish it is common to use reduplicated adverbs such as \\\"luego luego\\\" (after after) meaning \\\"immediately\\\", or \\\"casi casi\\\" (almost almost) which intensifies the meaning of 'almost'. The reduplication in the Russian language serves for\",\n \"title\": \"Reduplication\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"116038\",\n \"text\": \"its prey. An alternative explanation is that the term entered France via Spain, the , \\\"maqabir\\\" (cemetery) being the root of the word. Both the dialogues and the evolving paintings were ostensive penitential lessons that even illiterate people (who were the overwhelming majority) could understand. Frescoes and murals dealing with death had a long tradition and were widespread, e.g. the legend of the Three Living and the Three Dead: on a ride or hunt, three young gentlemen meet three cadavers (sometimes described as their ancestors) who warn them, \\\"Quod fuimus, estis; quod sumus, vos eritis\\\" (What we were, you are;\",\n \"title\": \"Danse Macabre\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"788021\",\n \"text\": \"Tay Ferry, also alluding to the local lighthouse. In literature, a motto is a sentence, phrase, poem, or word prefixed to an essay, chapter, novel, or the like suggestive of its subject matter. It is a short, suggestive expression of a guiding principle for the written material that follows. For example, Robert Louis Stevenson's \\\"Travels with a Donkey in the Cévennes\\\" uses mottos at the start of each section. Motto A motto (derived from the Latin \\\"muttum\\\", 'mutter', by way of Italian \\\"motto\\\", 'word', 'sentence') is a maxim; a phrase meant to formally summarize the general motivation or intention of\",\n \"title\": \"Motto\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"94932\",\n \"text\": \"under the term \\\"scat\\\" (from \\\"scatology\\\"). \\\"The 120 Days of Sodom\\\", a novel by the Marquis de Sade written in 1785, is full of detailed descriptions of erotic sadomasochistic coprophagia. Thomas Pynchon's award-winning 1973 novel \\\"Gravity's Rainbow\\\" contains a detailed scene of coprophagia. François Rabelais, in his classic \\\"Gargantua and Pantagruel\\\", often employs the expression \\\"mâche-merde\\\" or \\\"mâchemerde\\\", meaning \\\"shit-chewer\\\". This in turn comes from the Greek comedians Aristophanes and particularly Menander, who often use the term skatophagos (\\\"σκατοϕφάγος\\\"). The Austrian actor and pornographic director created the series \\\"Avantgarde Extreme\\\" and \\\"Portrait Extrem\\\", which explores coprophagy, coprophilia and urolagnia. Modern\",\n \"title\": \"Coprophagia\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10836858\",\n \"text\": \"illuminated by a bare light bulb of toy plastic dinosaurs and other animals in a cardboard box. These shots are intercut with the montage sequence described below. At 00:48:18, we see a plastic red dinosaur and some other animals. Will Jr. asks, \\\"What's it all for, Professor? Please?\\\" And Pluggy replies, \\\"The Last Judgement.\\\" Pluggy seems to be referring to the biblical passage in the Book of Revelation which describes the war in heaven. Lest we mistake the toy dinosaurs in the box, a few moments later (00:48:34) Virginia (off-screen) cries \\\"Snakes!\\\" The French word for 'snake' is 'serpent', the\",\n \"title\": \"King Lear (1987 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3457112\",\n \"text\": \"of some tracks recorded at Random Falls, a recording studio in New York. The album's title is an homage to former drummer Gary Young, who would frequently yell \\\"Wowee zowee!\\\" when excited. The phrase also notably dates to Frank Zappa and The Mothers of Invention's 1966 album \\\"Freak Out!\\\", which also displayed the album title in a cartoon speech balloon and featured a track titled \\\"Wowie Zowie\\\". \\\"Dick-Sucking Fool at Pussy-Licking School\\\" (conceived by Bob Nastanovich) was briefly considered as a potential album title, but discarded after being considered too risque by the rest of the band. Nevertheless, the phrase\",\n \"title\": \"Wowee Zowee\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2574429\",\n \"text\": \"the title of the first track, \\\"Trompe le Monde\\\", a French phrase meaning \\\"Fool the World\\\". Unlike previous albums, the title of the album comes from the name of a song (rather than a song lyric), and is a play on the French phrase \\\"Trompe-l'œil\\\"—a painting technique in which the painter fools the viewer into thinking objects presented are real. \\\"Head On\\\" is a cover of the Jesus and Mary Chain track that was released as a single reaching number 6 in the Billboard Modern Rock Tracks Chart. \\\"U-Mass\\\" is a song about the University of Massachusetts Amherst, where Black\",\n \"title\": \"Trompe le Monde\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1829686\",\n \"text\": \"(better known in the English-speaking world as \\\"Twinkle Twinkle Little Star\\\"), the French nursery rhymes \\\"Au clair de la lune\\\", and \\\"J'ai du bon tabac\\\" (the piano plays the same melody upside down), the popular anthem \\\"Partant pour la Syrie\\\", as well as the aria \\\"Una voce poco fa\\\" from Rossini's \\\"The Barber of Seville\\\" can also be heard. The musical joke in this movement, according to Leonard Bernstein's narration on his recording of the work with the New York Philharmonic, is that the musical pieces quoted are the fossils of Saint-Saëns's time. Two pianos and cello: the lushly romantic\",\n \"title\": \"The Carnival of the Animals\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5180432\",\n \"text\": \"of a fox meeting the young prince during his travels on Earth. The story's essence is contained in the lines uttered by the fox to the little prince: \\\"On ne voit bien qu'avec le cœur. L'essentiel est invisible pour les yeux.\\\" (\\\"One sees clearly only with the heart. What is essential is invisible to the eye.\\\") Other key thematic messages are articulated by The Fox, such as: \\\"You become responsible, forever, for what you have tamed\\\" and \\\"It is the time you have devoted to your rose that makes your rose so important.\\\" The Fox's messages are arguably the most\",\n \"title\": \"The Little Prince (1974 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"96417\",\n \"text\": \"in holding the group together and encouraging the other members. Art historian John Rewald called Pissarro the \\\"dean of the Impressionist painters\\\", not only because he was the oldest of the group, but also \\\"by virtue of his wisdom and his balanced, kind, and warmhearted personality\\\". Paul Cézanne said \\\"he was a father for me. A man to consult and a little like the good Lord,\\\" and he was also one of Paul Gauguin's masters. Pierre-Auguste Renoir referred to his work as \\\"revolutionary\\\", through his artistic portrayals of the \\\"common man\\\", as Pissarro insisted on painting individuals in natural settings\",\n \"title\": \"Camille Pissarro\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3198162\",\n \"text\": \"interrogative, but when it is, in very informal use, it is shortened: \\\"Qu'est-ce que tu veux ?\\\" becomes... \\\"Qu'est-c'tu veux ?\\\" \\\"Qu'est-ce que tu as dit?\\\" becomes... \\\"Qu'est-c't'as dit?\\\" A more complex sentence, such as \\\"il ne savait peut-être plus ce qu'il faisait\\\" (\\\"Perhaps he knew no more what he was doing\\\"), can become \\\"i n'savait p'têt plus c'qui v'zait\\\" [in savεp tεt plys kiv zε], or even further relaxed, \\\"i sa'ait têt' pu c'qui v'zait\\\" [i saεp tεt pys kiv zε]. Forms of the verb \\\"estar\\\" (\\\"to be\\\") are often shortened by dropping the first syllable (as if the\",\n \"title\": \"Relaxed pronunciation\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4660532\",\n \"text\": \"continued working furiously to apply the finishing touches came to be referred to as working \\\"en charrette\\\", \\\"in the cart.\\\" Émile Zola depicted such a scene of feverish activity, a \\\"nuit de charrette\\\" or \\\"charrette night,\\\" in \\\"L'Œuvre\\\" (serialized 1885, published 1886), his fictionalized account of his friendship with Paul Cézanne. The term evolved into the current design-related usage in conjunction with working right up until a deadline. The word \\\"charrette\\\" may refer to any collaborative session in which a group of designers drafts a solution to a design problem. While the structure of a charrette varies, depending on the\",\n \"title\": \"Charrette\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14269878\",\n \"text\": \"the god of love on gaining his lady's favor, her love being symbolized by a rose. \\\" absent, communably, forwelk, fresh, fur, galantine, guerdon, habit, householding, jacounce, jagounce, jargon, jocund, lambskin, lightsome, lozenge, mansuete, masonry, mavis, medlar, mendicity, mendience, miscoveting, misway, mourning black, muid, nock, non-certain, obscure, overgilt, outwine, outstretch, outsling, palasin, papelardy, par coeur, parochial, patter, praise, prill, prime temps, Proteus, quail-pipe, racine, ravisable, recreandise, refraining, reft, resemblable, return, reverie, ribanding, rideled, riverside, roin, roinous, rose-leaf, sailour, Sarsenish, satin, savorous, scutcheon, seemlihead, shutting, slitter, smallish, snort, squirrel, suckeny, tassel, terin, thick-set, thread, timbester, tissue, tress, tretis, villainsly, volage, waterside,\",\n \"title\": \"English words first attested in Chaucer\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"257947\",\n \"text\": \"very funny there, if we could find the right context for it\\\". In early drafts of what would become the Dead Parrot Sketch, the frustrated customer was trying to return a faulty toaster to a shop. Chapman realised that it needed to be \\\"madder\\\", and came up with the parrot idea. Over the years, Cleese and Palin have done many versions of the \\\"Dead Parrot\\\" sketch for various television shows, record albums, and live performances. \\\"Dead Parrot\\\" was voted the top alternative comedy sketch in a Radio Times poll. Mr. Praline (Cleese) enters the pet shop to register a complaint\",\n \"title\": \"Dead Parrot sketch\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7827454\",\n \"text\": \"she refuses: 'Lie there, lie there, you false-hearted man, Lie there instead of me, For if six pretty maidens thou hast drowned here, The seventh has drowned thee.' She rides home, leading the spare horse. Sometimes the story ends here, but often when she arrives home a parrot comments on how late she has returned, saying he is afraid \\\"Some ruffian hath led you astray\\\". She promises him a luxurious cage if he keeps her secret, and when her father asks the parrot what makes him \\\"speak before it is day\\\" he replies that a cat was going to eat\",\n \"title\": \"Lady Isabel and the Elf Knight\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3389996\",\n \"text\": \"he said. For example, when Alex was shown an object and was asked about its shape, color, or material, he could label it correctly. He could describe a key as a key no matter what its size or color, and could determine how the key was different from others. Looking at a mirror, he said \\\"what color\\\", and learned \\\"grey\\\" after being told \\\"grey\\\" six times. This made him the first and only non-human animal to have ever asked a question (apes who have been trained to use sign-language have so far failed to ever ask a single question). Alex's\",\n \"title\": \"Alex (parrot)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9537040\",\n \"text\": \"j'avais foi! Je vous aimais, aimez moi!\\\"\\\" – \\\"'In you, O cruel one, I believed. I loved you! Love me too!'\\\"), then looks at Hamlet. However, he remains silent, then rushes away. Ophélie says ruefully: \\\"Ah! ce livre a dit vrai!\\\" – \\\"Ah! This book spoke the truth!\\\" and continues her aria (Ophélie: \\\"Les serments on des ailes!\\\" – \\\"Promises have wings!\\\"). 7. Recitative and arioso. The Queen comes into the garden hoping to find Hamlet. She sees Ophélie's distress and presses her for information as to its cause (The Queen: \\\"Je croyais près de vous trouver mon fils\\\" –\",\n \"title\": \"Hamlet (Thomas)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8449229\",\n \"text\": \"in different states. To be shown in New York, one of the biggest markets, they had to completely re-shoot the final scene. Mae West's character and the Tiger Kid were originally to complete their nuptials without a marriage ceremony; the ceremony had to be included. A publicity stunt went awry when 50 parrots were trained to shout the original title of \\\"it ain't no sin\\\". The parrots were subsequently released in the jungles of South America still repeating \\\"it ain't no sin\\\" over and over again. Sheet music of the song \\\"My American Beauty\\\" was also printed with the film's\",\n \"title\": \"Belle of the Nineties\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1702511\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"a lot of food\\\", similar to English constructs such as \\\"fuck-ton\\\" or \\\"shitload\\\". \\\"Sacres\\\" are often used as verbs, too. For example, \\\"câlisser une volée\\\" means \\\"to beat the fuck out of\\\" or, more literally, \\\"to give a beating\\\" where \\\"câlisser\\\" is used as a stronger form of \\\"to give\\\" (\\\"donner\\\" in French). There are constructions like \\\"détabarnaker\\\" or \\\"décrisser\\\" which means to leave or to destroy, using the \\\"dé\\\" prefix, which is about separation. Others include, \\\"s'en câlicer\\\" or \\\"s'en crisser\\\" (\\\"not give a damn\\\"), \\\"sacrer son camp\\\" (\\\"run away\\\", literally \\\"consecrate the camp while leaving it\\\"), and \\\"décâlisser\\\".\",\n \"title\": \"Quebec French profanity\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14138557\",\n \"text\": \"Aznavour's song \\\"Les Deux Pigeons\\\", which was featured in a segment of the film \\\"3 Fables of Love\\\" (1962). The song is a sad one, since in this case the pigeon has not returned home. In common with the fable of La Fontaine, a parallel is drawn between the parting of male friends (\\\"Un pigeon regrettait son frère\\\") and a broken heterosexual relationship. A later song by Gérard Manset really only features the fable's opening line, \\\"Deux pigeons s'aimaient d'amour tendre\\\", and was issued on his album \\\"La Vallée de la Paix\\\" (1994). It contemplates the impossibility of happiness since\",\n \"title\": \"The Two Pigeons\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15399451\",\n \"text\": \"a deal with Lelio: In return for his obeying her commands, she gives him a magic flower that enables him to disappear (the flower only works at night) (\\\"Ramasse cette rose\\\"). They exit. Krakamiche returns, moans his fate (\\\"Ah la sotte existence\\\") and has a comic duet with his servant Perlimpinpin (\\\"Eh bien!\\\"), resulting in the servant being kicked out of the house and Krakamiche leaving. Stella enters and sings of the rain (\\\"Chanson de la pluie\\\" or \\\"Coulez, gouttes fines\\\"). The Queen returns and tells Stella of her impending meeting with Lelio (\\\"Sur les yeux de ton père\\\"). Perlimpinpin\",\n \"title\": \"Le dernier sorcier\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2035263\",\n \"text\": \"is left unclear whether he survived. In \\\"The Penguin's Nest\\\", a policeman suffers an electric shock at the hands of the Penguin's accomplices, but he is presumed to survive, as he appears in some later episodes. A catch-phrase popularized by the series was Robin's saying \\\"Holy [subject], Batman!\\\" whenever he encountered something startling. This phrase was parodied in the 1995 film \\\"Batman Forever\\\". In many episodes, Batman and Robin must get to a high point of a building or other structure. They do this via the Batrope which is thrown and anchored above the high point, and which Batman and\",\n \"title\": \"Batman (TV series)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"323860\",\n \"text\": \"of black. They differ sharply from his earlier watercolours and sketches at the École Spéciale de dessin at Aix-en-Provence in 1859, and their violence of expression is in contrast to his subsequent works. In 1866–67, inspired by the example of Courbet, Cézanne painted a series of paintings with a palette knife. He later called these works, mostly portraits, \\\"une couillarde\\\" (\\\"a coarse word for ostentatious virility\\\"). Lawrence Gowing has written that Cézanne's palette knife phase \\\"was not only the invention of modern expressionism, although it was incidentally that; the idea of art as emotional ejaculation made its first appearance at\",\n \"title\": \"Paul Cézanne\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3305872\",\n \"text\": \"ancient Latin adage, i.e. Roman, and discussed by many philosophers and economists. The phrase is misquoted in Act I of Anton Chekhov's play \\\"The Seagull\\\". The character Shamrayev conflates it with the phrase \\\"de mortuis nil nisi bonum\\\" (in the alternate form: \\\"de mortuis, aut bene aut nihil\\\": \\\"of the dead, either [speak] good or [say] nothing\\\"), resulting in \\\"de gustibus aut bene, aut nihil\\\", \\\"Let nothing be said of taste but what is good.\\\" De gustibus non est disputandum De gustibus non est disputandum, or de gustibus non disputandum est, is a Latin maxim meaning \\\"In matters of taste,\",\n \"title\": \"De gustibus non est disputandum\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4243867\",\n \"text\": \"tale princesses had it easy and how she wants to live happily ever after (\\\"Happily Ever After\\\"). King Sextimus has a man to man talk with Dauntless about the birds and the bees completely in pantomime (\\\"Man to Man Talk\\\"). The Jester and Minstrel trick the Wizard into telling them of the test and the Jester reminisces about his father's dancing days (\\\"Very Soft Shoes\\\"). Sir Harry and Lady Larken run into each other and they confess that their love is stronger than ever (\\\"Yesterday I Loved You\\\"). When Fred is finally ready for bed, the Queen brings in various\",\n \"title\": \"Once Upon a Mattress\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8995906\",\n \"text\": \"Bob's your uncle ...And Bob's your uncle means \\\"and there it is\\\" or \\\"and there you have it.\\\" It is commonly used in United Kingdom and Commonwealth countries. Typically, someone says it to conclude a set of simple instructions or when a result is reached. The meaning is similar to that of the French expression \\\"et voilà!\\\" \\\"Bob's your uncle\\\" is an exclamation that is used when \\\"everything is all right\\\" and the simple means of obtaining the successful result is explained. For example: \\\"left over right; right over left, and Bob's your uncle – a reef knot.\\\" Sometimes the\",\n \"title\": \"Bob's your uncle\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4426222\",\n \"text\": \"the sketch. In a second series episode Praline had more pet trouble, this time trying to buy a fish licence for his pet halibut, Eric. In this sketch, he mentions that he also has a cat and a dog named Eric among others and has acquired a (fraudulent) licence for the cat. This final sketch led to Praline singing the song \\\"Eric The Half-A-Bee\\\" on the \\\"Monty Python's Previous Record\\\" album. Cleese eventually got so fed up with \\\"doing the one with the parrot\\\", that he vowed never again to perform the sketch; conversely, the Eric the Half-A-Bee segment is\",\n \"title\": \"Mr Praline\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9747129\",\n \"text\": \"six five degrees. Vessel restricted in ability to deviate from its course. Do not impede. OUT The word \\\"REPEAT\\\" should not be used in place of \\\"SAY AGAIN\\\", especially in the vicinity of naval or other firing ranges, as \\\"REPEAT\\\" is an artillery proword defined in ACP 125 U.S. Supp-2(A) with the wholly different meaning of \\\"request for the same volume of fire to be fired again with or without corrections or changes\\\" (e.g. at the same coordinates as the previous round). Please repeat the message you just sent me beginning after the word or phrase said after this proword.\",\n \"title\": \"Procedure word\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1665342\",\n \"text\": \"of French into English. However, in this context, the correct translation of is 'heavens...!' In Monty Python's 1975 movie \\\"Monty Python and the Holy Grail\\\", the French castle guard (John Cleese) orders, when King Arthur (Graham Chapman) doesn't want to go away, his fellow guards to \\\"\\\"Fetchez la vache.\\\"\\\". The other French guards respond with \\\"\\\" and he repeats \\\"\\\"Fetchez la vache!\\\"\\\". The guards finally get it: fetch ('the cow'), which they then catapult at the Britons. In French, refers to the use of English words sometimes regarded as unwelcome imports or as bad slang. An example would be (also\",\n \"title\": \"Franglais\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5390340\",\n \"text\": \"much like Spanish. The past tense of verbs is marked by the suffix \\\"-ile\\\" (\\\"hamba \\\"I go, go!\\\", \\\"hambile\\\" \\\"I went\\\"), and the future with the modal \\\"azi\\\" (\\\"azi hamba\\\" \\\"will go\\\").\\\" Here are two examples (all letters are pronounced):- \\\"Koki Lobin\\\" Cock Robin \\\"Zonke nyoni lapa moyo ena kala, ena kala\\\" All birds of air, they cried, they cried \\\"Ena izwile ena file lo nyoni Koki Lobin\\\" They heard the death the bird Cock Robin \\\"Ena izwile, ena file, ena izwile ena file Cocky Lobin.\\\" \\\"Kubani ena bulalile Koki Lobin?\\\" Who they killed Cock Robin \\\"Mina kruma lo Sparrow\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"Fanagalo\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13880923\",\n \"text\": \"Monument. In 1988, the city held a competition for the design, and over 20 artists entered. , a Brazilian architect and sculptor, led the winning team. The monument depicts a man in the “pau de arara,” or parrot’s perch, torture position, in which victims are hung upside down with their wrists and ankles bound. This is a practice that current Brazilian President Dilma Rousseff endured. In 1979, the Brazilian Congress met to consider the proposal for amnesty from the government of João Figueiredo. The House was highly biased towards the military, with soldiers occupying nearly 800 of the 1200 seats.\",\n \"title\": \"Torture Never Again\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7845497\",\n \"text\": \"century both in France and England, this sound de-affricated to ; and from that time has represented before front vowels either for etymological reasons, as in \\\"lance, cent,\\\" or to avoid the ambiguity due to the \\\"etymological\\\" use of for , as in \\\"ace, mice, once, pence, defence\\\". Thus, to show etymology, English spelling has \\\"advise\\\", \\\"devise\\\" (instead of \\\"advize\\\", \\\"devize\\\"), while \\\"advice, device, dice, ice, mice, twice,\\\" etc., do not reflect etymology; example has extended this to \\\"hence, pence, defence,\\\" etc., where there is no etymological reason for using . Former generations also wrote \\\"\\\" for \\\"sense\\\". Hence, today\",\n \"title\": \"C\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9085158\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Beneath a Crozet Trestle Bridge.\\\" The resulting effort was an album of primarily original material influenced by country blues and folk music. \\\"The Spirit of the Staircase\\\", Curreri's 2004 release saw the return of Jeff Romano, who produced and performed on 2002's \\\"From Long Gones to Hawkmoth\\\". The title of the record comes from a French expression \\\"l'esprit d'escalier\\\", the things you think to say after you are already out the door. His first live album, \\\"Are You Going to Paul Curreri\\\" was recorded at Charlottesville's (now-defunct) Gravity Lounge, and released in 2006. Musical backing was provided by Charlottesvillians Randall\",\n \"title\": \"Paul Curreri\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2525117\",\n \"text\": \"intensely lyrical and experimental style of novelists such as Virginia Woolf and the unsentimental focus on female intellectual and emotional growth in the novels of Sigrid Undset and Doris Lessing. Chopin's most important stylistic legacy is the detachment of the narrator. Birds – In the beginning of the book, a parrot is in a cage shouting to Mr. Pontellier “Allez vous-en! Allez vous-en! Sapristi! That’s all right!” this translates to “Leave dammit”. It is clear that the parrot represents Edna’s unspoken feelings towards her husband. It also represents how Edna is caged in her society, without much freedom to live\",\n \"title\": \"The Awakening (Chopin novel)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2259004\",\n \"text\": \"in a transposed version, on the transverse flute. The arias included were: \\\"Non e si bello e vago\\\" (\\\"With thee is ev'ry pleasure beyond expressing\\\");\\\"Non ha piu che temere\\\" (\\\"My life my only treasure\\\"); \\\"Cara speme\\\" (\\\"Cruel creature\\\"); \\\"Spera ne ingannai\\\"; \\\"La speranza all alma mia\\\" (\\\"Hopes beguiling, pleasures smiling\\\"); \\\"Chi perde un momento\\\" (\\\"While Celia is flying\\\"); \\\"Venere bella\\\" (\\\"Gazing on my idol\\\"); \\\"Se pieta di me non senti\\\" (\\\"Welcome death, oh end my sorrow\\\"); \\\"V'adoro pupille\\\" (\\\"Lamenting, complaining\\\"); and \\\"Non disperar\\\" (\\\"Oh what a fool was I\\\"). Again the rival publisher and printer produced \\\"The favourite songs in\",\n \"title\": \"Giulio Cesare\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17354093\",\n \"text\": \"by a drunken argument with his second wife, Rose Hilton, who was dancing on a verandah, nude, shouting \\\"oi yoi yoi\\\", an expression of frustration or exasperation. According to his wife, the argument took place in France in the summer of 1962, before they were married. Hilton has rejected the suggestion that he took conscious inspiration from paintings of dancers and bathers by Cézanne or Matisse, but admitted they were \\\"probably subconsciously\\\" important. The painting was exhibited in the British Pavilion at the Venice Biennale in 1964. It was also exhibited in a retrospective exhibition of Hilton's work at the\",\n \"title\": \"Oi Yoi Yoi\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4959458\",\n \"text\": \"word: \\\"mihávas\\\" ('I have'), \\\"laknábo\\\" ('the boy'), \\\"delvórto\\\" ('of the word'), \\\"ĉetáblo\\\" ('at table'). Exceptions include \\\"kaj\\\" 'and', which may be pronounced more distinctly when it has a larger scope than the following word or phrase. Within poetry, of course, the meter determines stress: \\\"Hó, mia kór’, ne bátu máltrankvíle\\\" ('Oh my heart, do not beat uneasily'). Emphasis and contrast may override normal stress. Pronouns frequently take stress because of this. In a simple question like \\\"Ĉu vi vídis?\\\" ('Did you see?'), the pronoun hardly needs to be said and is unstressed; compare \\\"Né, dónu al mí\\\" and ('No, give\",\n \"title\": \"Esperanto phonology\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"605475\",\n \"text\": \"shoulda taken that left toin at Albukoikee.\\\" He first utters that phrase in \\\"Herr Meets Hare\\\" (1945), when he emerges in the Black Forest, a cartoon seldom seen today due to its blatantly topical subject matter. When Hermann Göring says to Bugs, \\\"There is no Las Vegas in 'Chermany'\\\" and takes a potshot at Bugs, Bugs dives into his hole and says, \\\"Joimany! Yipe!\\\", as Bugs realizes he is behind enemy lines. The confused response to his \\\"left toin\\\" comment also followed a pattern. For example, when he tunnels into Scotland in \\\"My Bunny Lies over the Sea\\\" (1948), while\",\n \"title\": \"Bugs Bunny\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8683876\",\n \"text\": \"was filmed on November 23-27, 1934. The opening theme song is titled \\\"At the Races,\\\" composed by Louis Silvers. Curly has a violent reaction to the sight of a live mouse at any time, going into a fit while demanding, \\\"\\\"Moe! Larry! The Cheese!\\\"\\\". The only cure is for someone to feed him cheese, leading to Curly's manic catchphrase upon sighting a mouse in the film short. The reason for this is explained by Moe & Larry, stating that Curly's father was a rat. An external stimulus — as with Curly spotting the mouse — that causes him to go\",\n \"title\": \"Horses' Collars\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2763828\",\n \"text\": \"master in a college at Rouen. Gresset published \\\"Vert-Vert\\\" at Rouen in 1734. It is the humorous story of a parrot, the delight of a convent whose talk was all of prayers and pious ambitions, and how it was conveyed to another convent as a visitor to please the nuns. On the way it falls among bad companions, forgets its convent language, and shocks the sisters on arrival by profane swearing. It is sent back in disgrace, punished by solitude and plain bread, repents, reforms and is finally killed by kindness. The treatment of the subject, the atmosphere which surrounds\",\n \"title\": \"Jean-Baptiste-Louis Gresset\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6343657\",\n \"text\": \"the Egg\\\" and \\\"The Sneetches and Other Stories\\\". In the first tongue twister, Hooey the parrot reads the book of \\\"Oh Say Can You Say\\\" and states that the words in it are all phooey, and when one says them, one's lips will make slips and backflips, and one's tongues may end up in St. Louie. In the second one, a diner owner Finney sells 3 platters of fish which are fresh, fresher, and freshest to which he considers French-fried. In the third one, a skeletal Apatosaurus Dinn at a museum loses his left front shinbones, but with his handy\",\n \"title\": \"Oh Say Can You Say?\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20159631\",\n \"text\": \"cat's tail and he runs away screaming in agony. Realizing the outside world isn't as safe as his cage, the canary flies back home and sings as the cartoon ends. The Discontented Canary The Discontented Canary is a 1934 Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Happy Harmonies short directed by Rudolf Ising. The cartoon begins with a canary in his cage and a parrot singing. The canary wants to get out of his cage, but is locked inside. Then, their owner arrives. But she accidentally left the cage open. Then, the canary flies out and goes outside. He descends into a garden and a cat\",\n \"title\": \"The Discontented Canary\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11572935\",\n \"text\": \"come closer, and would be rewarded for stepping up onto the hand. Another example would be for a trainer to wait until a screaming parrot is quiet for a very short time, and then immediately reward it with praise and attention. The owner would then gradually increase the amount of time the parrot must be quiet to receive the extra attention. With this type of positive reinforcement approach to training (see shaping), the parrot is only rewarded for behaviors that bring it closer to the final desired outcome. For this technique to work effectively, it is common to have to\",\n \"title\": \"Parrot training\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18758890\",\n \"text\": \"! </poem> Loup y es-tu? \\\"Loup y es-tu?\\\" (or \\\"Promenons-nous dans les bois\\\") is a famous French children's song, a \\\"comptine\\\" (a \\\"counting-out song\\\"). It sings about how a group enters a forest where no wolf is to be seen and \\\"as long as he isn't there, he won't eat us\\\". During the refrain the wolf is called, but each time he is busy putting on one of his clothes. Near the end he finally arrives, which is the sign for the children to run away. <poem> Promenons-nous dans les bois, Pendant que le loup n'y est pas. Si le\",\n \"title\": \"Loup y es-tu?\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"compressed_ctxs_1":{"kind":"string","value":"{\n \"compressed_prompt\": \"Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\\n\\ntitle: Paul Cézanne context: world by the most accurate method of representing it in paint that he could find. To this end, he structurally ordered whatever he perceived into simple forms and colour planes. His statement \\\"I want to make of impressionism something solid and lasting like the art in the museums\\\", and his contention that he was recreating Poussin \\\"after nature\\\" underscored his desire to unite observation of nature with the permanence of classical composition. Cézanne was interested in the simplification of naturally occurring forms to their geometric essentials: he wanted to \\\"treat nature by the cylinder, the sphere, the cone\\\" (a tree\\n\\nWhat phrase did French impressionist artist Paul Cezanne teach his pet parrot to say over and over again?\",\n \"compressed_tokens\": 196,\n \"origin_tokens\": 196,\n \"ratio\": \"1.0x\",\n \"saving\": \", Saving $0.0 in GPT-4.\"\n}"},"compressed_ctxs_100":{"kind":"string","value":"{\n \"compressed_prompt\": \"Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\\n\\ntitle: Franglais context: of French into English. However, in this context, the correct translation of is 'heavens...!' In Monty Python's 1975 movie \\\"Monty Python and the Holy Grail\\\", the French castle guard (John Cleese) orders, when King Arthur (Graham Chapman) doesn't want to go away, his fellow guards to \\\"\\\"Fetchez la vache.\\\"\\\". The other French guards respond with \\\"\\\" and he repeats \\\"\\\"Fetchez la vache!\\\"\\\". The guards finally get it: fetch ('the cow'), which they then catapult at the Britons. In French, refers to the use of English words sometimes regarded as unwelcome imports or as bad slang. An example would be (also\\n\\ntitle: (parrot) context data could interpreted as his able estimate quickly and accurately number of something better than humans can. When he was tired tested, he would sayanna go back meaning he wanted to go back to his c, in general, would request where he wanted to taken by saying \\\"Wanna go...\\\", if he was taken to a different place, and sit quietly when taken to preferred spot. He was not trained to say where he wanted to go, picked it up being asked where he would like to\\ntitle: The theutter Par context: crypt messages. boys' only who to hear dead man's secret, an infous French th H, also concluded that key to locating valuable itemoded is as follows, byts, order messages for something. Little Bo Pe's messageks about calling on Sherlock Hol, and where would you on except for Baker Street the parro an address Baker Street Next, whoseutter is number of the-be,\\n Ting novel Island\\\"). habitualrainPie eight!\\\"ative poem \\\"The R\\\" theularites word \\\" throughout are the \\\"A by Martin One has to \\\"C when, say \\\"now!\\\" The17 \\\"Doctor Who\\\" episode \\\"The Eaters of Light\\\" depicts talking crows in Scotland at the time of the Picts' wars against the Romans. It further\\n\\nWhat phrase did French impressionist artist Paul Cezanne teach his pet parrot to say over and over again?\",\n \"compressed_tokens\": 482,\n \"origin_tokens\": 15948,\n \"ratio\": \"33.1x\",\n \"saving\": \", Saving $0.9 in GPT-4.\"\n}"}}},{"rowIdx":282,"cells":{"id":{"kind":"number","value":282,"string":"282"},"question":{"kind":"string","value":"What was the maiden name of Blondie Bumstead, the comic-strip wife of hapless Dagwood Bumstead?"},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["Boopadoop"],"string":"[\n \"Boopadoop\"\n]","isConversational":false},"target":{"kind":"string","value":"Boopadoop"},"ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"id":"3529372","text":"Dagwood Bumstead Dagwood Bumstead is a main character in cartoonist Chic Young's long-running comic strip \"Blondie\". He first appeared some time before 17 February 1933. He was originally heir to the Bumstead Locomotive fortune but was disowned when he married a flapper (originally known as Blondie Boopadoop) whom his family saw as below his class. He has since worked hard at J. C. Dithers & Company (currently as the construction company's office manager) to support his family. The Bumsteads' first baby, Alexander, was originally named Baby Dumpling. The name of his younger sister, Cookie, was chosen by readers in a","title":"Dagwood Bumstead"},{"id":"3529376","text":"another appearance in \"Garfield \"comic strips in August 20, 2005 to invite Jon and Garfield for his and Blondie's anniversary party. In the song \"Homemade Mummy\" alternative rapper Aesop Rock briefly refers to Dagwood. Dagwood Bumstead Dagwood Bumstead is a main character in cartoonist Chic Young's long-running comic strip \"Blondie\". He first appeared some time before 17 February 1933. He was originally heir to the Bumstead Locomotive fortune but was disowned when he married a flapper (originally known as Blondie Boopadoop) whom his family saw as below his class. He has since worked hard at J. C. Dithers & Company","title":"Dagwood Bumstead"},{"id":"2513669","text":"Gersher, Stan Drake, Denis Lebrun, and John Marshall. Despite these changes, \"Blondie\" has remained popular, appearing in more than 2,000 newspapers in 47 countries and translated into 35 languages. Since 2006, \"Blondie\" has also been available via email through King Features' DailyINK service. Originally designed to follow in the footsteps of Young's earlier \"pretty girl\" creations \"Beautiful Bab\" and \"Dumb Dora\", \"Blondie\" focused on the adventures of Blondie Boopadoop—a carefree flapper girl who spent her days in dance halls along with her boyfriend Dagwood Bumstead, heir to a railroad fortune. The name \"Boopadoop\" derives from the scat singing lyric that","title":"Blondie (comic strip)"},{"id":"17366754","text":"Blondie on a Budget Blondie on a Budget is a 1940 American comedy film directed by Frank R. Strayer and starring Penny Singleton, Arthur Lake and Rita Hayworth. It was the fifth entry into the long-running Blondie series of films, which ran between 1938 and 1950. Blondie Bumstead is having trouble balancing the family budget, particularly as she wants to buy a new fur coat. Her husband Dagwood also needs money for the membership fee of a fishing club he wants to join. Blondie becomes jealous when she finds Dagwood with an overfamiliar old friend, Joan Forrester, and begins to","title":"Blondie on a Budget"},{"id":"5557096","text":"\"D.O.A.\", also in 1950. She made her third film of the year in the Red Skelton vehicle, \"Watch the Birdie\" (1951). It was 19 years before she returned to the big screen. Britton portrayed the title role of the TV version of the Chic Young newspaper comic strip \"Blondie\" (1957), opposite Arthur Lake as her husband, \"Dagwood Bumstead\". Britton was married on April 8, 1943, in Texas, to Captain Arthur Steel after they met on a blind date arranged by one of her sisters. After the wedding, he was posted to Italy on active service while Britton remained working at","title":"Pamela Britton"},{"id":"2513670","text":"was popularized by Helen Kane's 1928 song \"I Wanna Be Loved by You.\" On February 17, 1933, after much fanfare and build-up, Blondie and Dagwood were married. After a month-and-a-half-long hunger strike by Dagwood to get his parents' blessing, as they strongly disapproved of his marrying beneath his class, they disinherited him. Left only with a check to pay for their honeymoon, the Bumsteads were forced to become a middle-class suburban family. The marriage was a significant media event, given the comic strip's popularity. The catalog for the University of Florida's 2005 exhibition, \"75 Years of Blondie, 1930–2005,\" notes: \"Dagwood","title":"Blondie (comic strip)"},{"id":"4695571","text":"Arthur Lake (actor) Arthur Lake (born Arthur Silverlake Jr., April 17, 1905 – January 9, 1987) was an American actor known best for bringing Dagwood Bumstead, the bumbling husband of \"Blondie\", to life in film, radio and television. Lake was born in 1905, when his father and uncle were touring with a circus in an aerial act known as \"The Flying Silverlakes\". His mother, Edith Goodwin, was an actress. His parents later appeared in vaudeville in a skit \"Family Affair\", traveling throughout the South and Southwest United States. Arthur first appeared on stage as a baby in Uncle Tom's Cabin","title":"Arthur Lake (actor)"},{"id":"3529373","text":"national contest. The family circle is rounded out by Daisy the dog. The origin of both Dagwood's last name and Daisy's name came from Chic Young's long-time friend Arthur Bumstead and his dog, Daisy. His favorite things in life include his wife Blondie, his kids, naps on the sofa, long baths, and food. Dagwood was famous for concocting tall, multi-layered sandwiches topped with an olive on a toothpick, and the term \"Dagwood sandwich\" has entered American English. He frequently has problems with door-to-door salesmen, rude telemarketers and store salespeople, crashing into the mailman (Mr. Beasley) as he rushes from home,","title":"Dagwood Bumstead"},{"id":"4695576","text":"many suspects in a case that remains unsolved. Lake died of a heart attack in Indian Wells, California, on January 9, 1987, and was interred in the Hollywood Forever Cemetery, in the Douras family mausoleum, along with actress Marion Davies and her husband, Horace G. Brown. Lake's widow Patricia was interred there upon her death in 1993. Arthur Lake (actor) Arthur Lake (born Arthur Silverlake Jr., April 17, 1905 – January 9, 1987) was an American actor known best for bringing Dagwood Bumstead, the bumbling husband of \"Blondie\", to life in film, radio and television. Lake was born in 1905,","title":"Arthur Lake (actor)"},{"id":"11817065","text":"Blondie Goes to College Blondie Goes to College is a 1942 Columbia comedy film directed by Frank R. Strayer. The film is a part of the \"Blondie\" series, starring Penny Singleton in the title role. This was the tenth of twenty-eight Blondie movies starring Penny Singleton and Arthur Lake. Dagwood Bumstead (Arthur Lake) is forced to receive a college diploma in order to remain a worker at the Dithers Construction Company. He goes to school with his wife Blondie (Penny Singleton), until they get the news married couples are not allowed. They decide to pretend they aren't a couple. A","title":"Blondie Goes to College"},{"id":"12048767","text":"O'Byrne as the hapless mailman, always getting run over by Dagwood hurrying out the door, late for work. \"Blondie\" stars Patricia Harty and Will Hutchins as Blondie and Dagwood Bumstead, a suburban couple raising a precocious daughter. Plots mixed typical sitcom tropes from home life and work life. The series is best remembered for its opening theme, which featured the comic strip characters in animated form before transforming into the actors playing the characters. Like the 1957 version, which lasted only one season, the series was not a hit, lasting a total of 13 weeks before being canceled. Ferdin and","title":"Blondie (1968 TV series)"},{"id":"16216165","text":"Blondie for Victory Blondie for Victory is a 1942 American film, and the 12th entry in the Blondie series. Blondie Bumstead forms a civilian defense group, ”Housewives of America”, by persuading her housewife neighbors to join. But the forming of the group creates trouble in her own household. Blondie’s husband Dagwood isn’t happy with coming home every night finding a note, saying that his wife is at a meeting with the housewives. And her son, Baby, is left on his own all the time. The family dog, Daisy, roams freely around the house with no one to look after it.","title":"Blondie for Victory"},{"id":"13962417","text":"actress Ellen Morgan. Around this time, Norton reached what she considered the peak of her radio career. Ron Beck, former producer of the Colgate-Palmolive shows, had entered into production with his own company. He obtained scripts of \"Blondie\", an American show based on Chic Young's comic strip of the same name, and set about producing an Australian version of them. Willie Fennell played Dagwood Bumstead, Blondie's rather put-upon husband, but competition for the title role was very keen. Norton won it from a large field of auditioning actresses. \"Blondie\" went to air in November 1951, but its run was not","title":"Kerry Norton-Smyser"},{"id":"12048766","text":"Blondie (1968 TV series) Blondie (also known as The New Blondie) is an American sitcom that aired on CBS during the 1968–69 television season. The series is an updated version of the 1957 TV series that was based on the comic strip of the same name. The series stars Patricia Harty at the title character and Will Hutchins as her husband Dagwood Bumstead. Jim Backus played Dagwood's boss Mr. Dithers, with his real life wife Henny Backus playing Cora Dithers. The series also featured the noted child character actress Pamelyn Ferdin as the Bumstead's daughter, Cookie, and character actor Bryan","title":"Blondie (1968 TV series)"},{"id":"8785941","text":"television. In 1950, NBC optioned Telecomics' product and repackaged it as \"NBC Comics\". In 1951, Slesinger acquired the rights to make a \"Blondie\" television show with Arthur Lake as Dagwood Bumsteadand his wife \"Pat Lake\" starred as \"Blondie.\" at the request of \"Randolph Hearst\" who cared for her as if she was his daughter. Pat Lake nee:Patricia Van Cleeve Lake an American socialite, actress and radio comedian, was also \"Marion Davies\"nice. Slesinger was completing the pilot episode at the time of his death on December 17, 1953. Amid the shock and confusion of his unexpected passing, the reels of the","title":"Stephen Slesinger"},{"id":"6119952","text":"radio sitcom \"Blondie\" in the mid-1940s, Lake replaced her as the voice of Blondie Bumstead for the remaining five years of the show, opposite her real-life husband Arthur Lake, who played Blondie's spouse, Dagwood. In 1954, Lake also co-starred with her husband in an early television sitcom he created called \"Meet the Family\". Lake was selected by the Motion Picture Publicists Association to be one of the MPPA 'Baby Stars' of 1940, an award similar to the WAMPAS Baby Stars selections of 1922 through 1934. Patricia Lake Patricia Van Cleeve Lake (between 1919 and 1923 – October 3, 1993), known","title":"Patricia Lake"},{"id":"2764135","text":"gaining even more readers when Blondie and Dagwood married in 1933, followed by the 1934 birth of Baby Dumpling (later known as Alexander). When his first son, Wayne, died of diphtheria in 1937, Young took a year's hiatus; the experience made it difficult for him to draw Baby Dumpling. After Young and his wife spent a year traveling in Europe, he began \"Blondie\" once again, quelling rumors that he might not return to the strip. With films, radio, television and products, the strip became a licensing and media bonanza that made Young a wealthy man. During his lifetime, he produced","title":"Chic Young"},{"id":"15406957","text":"Blondie Plays Cupid Blondie Plays Cupid is a 1940 American comedy film starring Penny Singleton and Arthur Lake and directed by Frank R. Strayer. Also in the cast is Glenn Ford. It is the seventh of the 28 \"Blondie\" films Dagwood Bumstead has been caught possessing illegal fireworks and now he tries to make up for this by taking his wife Blondie to Aunt Hannah's ranch for 4 July celebrations. The ranch is a peaceful place in the country, but trouble starts already on the way over there, when the Bumsteads board the wrong train and have to hitchhike most","title":"Blondie Plays Cupid"},{"id":"16203290","text":"Blondie Has Servant Trouble Blondie Has Servant Trouble is a 1940 American film, the sixth of the series of 28 Blondie movies. Blondie proves to be a real nuisance to her husband Dagwood and causes domestic disturbance in the Bumstead home, when she insists on getting a maid. Dagwood is forced to take the request seriously, and asks his boss, J.C. Dithers, for a raise. As a rule, Dithers refuses the raise, but instead he offers Dagwood and his family a two-week stay at a country house, complete with servants. The house is the size of a palace, formerly owned","title":"Blondie Has Servant Trouble"},{"id":"16216171","text":"of a military uniform. Dagwood returns to his home, with his wife, and isn’t bothered anymore by the Housewives of America. Blondie for Victory Blondie for Victory is a 1942 American film, and the 12th entry in the Blondie series. Blondie Bumstead forms a civilian defense group, ”Housewives of America”, by persuading her housewife neighbors to join. But the forming of the group creates trouble in her own household. Blondie’s husband Dagwood isn’t happy with coming home every night finding a note, saying that his wife is at a meeting with the housewives. And her son, Baby, is left on","title":"Blondie for Victory"},{"id":"15406960","text":"so happy over the new source of income that he consents to Charlie marrying his daughter after all, and the Bumsteads finish their weekend holiday at the hospital, in peace and quiet. Blondie Plays Cupid Blondie Plays Cupid is a 1940 American comedy film starring Penny Singleton and Arthur Lake and directed by Frank R. Strayer. Also in the cast is Glenn Ford. It is the seventh of the 28 \"Blondie\" films Dagwood Bumstead has been caught possessing illegal fireworks and now he tries to make up for this by taking his wife Blondie to Aunt Hannah's ranch for 4","title":"Blondie Plays Cupid"},{"id":"3529375","text":"in comic books, Big Little Books, Whitman novels for children, and other print materials, as well as radio, film, and television. Arthur Lake played Dagwood in the \"Blondie\" film series (1938–50) and the short-lived 1957 TV series \"Blondie\", while Will Hutchins played him in a revival series (1968–69). He makes several cameo appearances in \"Garfield Gets Real\", alongside Grimmy from \"Mother Goose and Grimm\". Dagwood and his wife also made a cameo appearance in a \"Garfield\" strip originally published April 1, 1997. On a fourth wall break, Garfield refers to this as \"moving to a different comic strip\". Dagwood made","title":"Dagwood Bumstead"},{"id":"2304516","text":"Penny Singleton Penny Singleton (born Marianna Dorothy Agnes Letitia McNulty, September 15, 1908 – November 12, 2003) was an American actress. During her 60-year career, Singleton appeared as the comic-strip heroine Blondie Bumstead in a series of 28 motion pictures from 1938 until 1950 and the popular \"Blondie\" radio program from 1939 until 1950. Singleton also provided the voice of Jane Jetson in the animated series \"The Jetsons\". For her contributions to both radio and the motion-picture industry, in 1960, Singleton was honored with two stars as she was inducted to the Hollywood Walk of Fame. The star for radio","title":"Penny Singleton"},{"id":"17285600","text":"Blondie's Holiday Blondie's Holiday is a 1947 black-and-white comedy film, directed by Abby Berlin. The film is based on the comic strip of the same name. The screenplay was written by Chic Young and Constance Lee. This was the twentieth of 28 films based on the comic strip; Columbia Pictures produced them from 1938 to 1943. Daisy, the dog, appeared in every film except this one, as he was playing \"Curley\" in the 1947 film \"Red Stallion\" Dagwood Bumstead is an architect who has managed to convince the prominent bank president Samuel Breckenridge to let his firm have the contract","title":"Blondie's Holiday"},{"id":"11758432","text":"Ann Barnes Ann Barnes (June 17, 1945 – September 13, 2005) was an actress and pop singer, best known for appearing as Cookie Bumstead on the short-lived television series \"Blondie\" (1957), based on the popular Chic Young comic strip. In the series executive-produced by Hal Roach, Arthur Lake reprised the role of Dagwood, first essayed in the feature films produced by Columbia Pictures in the 1930s–1940’s. “Blondie” was played in the TV series by Pamela Britton. Barnes played the Bumsteads' daughter as a bright, precocious girl, full of worldly wisdom, and terribly fond of cake. The energetic actress would often","title":"Ann Barnes"},{"id":"2513671","text":"Bumstead and family, including Daisy and the pups, live in the suburbs of Joplin, Missouri,\" according to the August 1946 issue of \"The Joplin Globe\", citing Chic Young. The Bumstead family has grown, with the addition of a son named Alexander (originally \"Baby Dumpling\") on April 15, 1934, a daughter named Cookie on April 11, 1941, a dog, Daisy, and her litter of five unnamed pups. In the 1960s, Cookie and Alexander grew into teenagers (who uncannily resemble their parents), but they stopped growing during the 1960s when Young realized that they had to remain teenagers to maintain the family","title":"Blondie (comic strip)"},{"id":"2513673","text":"over all he surveys, with one notable exception—his formidable and domineering wife, Cora. Blondie and Dagwood's best friends are their next-door neighbors Herb and Tootsie Woodley, although Dagwood and Herb's friendship is frequently volatile. Lou is the burly, tattooed owner of Lou's Diner, the less-than-five-star establishment where Dagwood often eats during his lunch hour. Other regular supporting characters include the long-suffering mailman, Mr. Beasley; Elmo Tuttle, a pesky neighborhood kid who often asks Dagwood to play; and a never-ending parade of overbearing door-to-door salesmen. There are several running gags in \"Blondie\", reflecting the trend after Chic Young's death for the","title":"Blondie (comic strip)"},{"id":"2513668","text":"Blondie (comic strip) Blondie is an American comic strip created by cartoonist Chic Young. The comic strip is distributed by King Features Syndicate, and has been published in newspapers since September 8, 1930. The success of the strip, which features the eponymous blonde and her sandwich-loving husband, led to the long-running \"Blondie\" film series (1938–1950) and the popular \"Blondie\" radio program (1939–1950). Chic Young drew \"Blondie\" until his death in 1973, when creative control passed to his son Dean Young, who continues to write the strip. Young has collaborated with a number of artists on \"Blondie\", including Jim Raymond, Mike","title":"Blondie (comic strip)"},{"id":"9029323","text":"Pen vomiting profusely in Violet's face, two biplanes colliding in midair, Dagwood Bumstead getting kicked in the groin by his wife, Blondie, which causes his head to pop off, resulting in another blood gush, Mickey Mouse getting hit over the head by a lead pipe, Rocky Balboa getting punched in the face by Popeye, and Godzilla squeezing Dr. Pepper out of a giant soda can. It ends with Charlie Brown announcing that \"Happiness is a warm \"uzi\"\" in a thick Germanic accent reminiscent of Arnold Schwarzenegger and a cut to him smoking a cigarette in bed with the Little Red-Haired","title":"Bring Me the Head of Charlie Brown"},{"id":"2513676","text":"does Blondie wear her previous hat and gloves when leaving the house. Although some bedroom and bathroom scenes still show him in polka-dot boxer shorts, Dagwood no longer wears garters to hold up his socks. When at home, he frequently wears sport shirts, his standard dress shirt with one large button in the middle is slowly disappearing, and he no longer smokes a pipe at all. Blondie now often wears slacks, and she is no longer depicted as a housewife since she teamed with Tootsie Woodley to launch a catering business in 1991. Dagwood still knocks heads with his boss,","title":"Blondie (comic strip)"},{"id":"2810248","text":"Dagwood sandwich A Dagwood sandwich is a tall, multi-layered sandwich made with a variety of meats, cheeses, and condiments. It was named after Dagwood Bumstead, a central character in the comic strip \"Blondie\", who is frequently illustrated making enormous sandwiches. According to \"Blondie\" scripter Dean Young, his father, Chic Young, began drawing the huge sandwiches in the comic strip during 1936. Though the exact contents of Chic Young's illustrated Dagwood sandwich remain obscure, it appears to contain large quantities and varieties of cold cuts, sliced cheese and vegetables separated by additional slices of bread. An olive pierced by a toothpick","title":"Dagwood sandwich"},{"id":"2810249","text":"or wooden skewer usually crowns the edible structure. \"Dagwood sandwich\" has been included in \"Webster's New World Dictionary\", and \"Dagwood\" (referring to the sandwich) has been included in the \"American Heritage Dictionary\". Dagwood sandwich A Dagwood sandwich is a tall, multi-layered sandwich made with a variety of meats, cheeses, and condiments. It was named after Dagwood Bumstead, a central character in the comic strip \"Blondie\", who is frequently illustrated making enormous sandwiches. According to \"Blondie\" scripter Dean Young, his father, Chic Young, began drawing the huge sandwiches in the comic strip during 1936. Though the exact contents of Chic Young's","title":"Dagwood sandwich"},{"id":"8937636","text":"Hanley Stafford Hanley Stafford (born Alfred John Austin 22 September 1899 in Hanley, England, United Kingdom; died 9 September 1968, Los Angeles, California, USA) was an actor principally on radio. He is remembered best for playing Lancelot Higgins on \"The Baby Snooks Show\". Stafford also assumed the role of Mr. Dithers, the boss of Dagwood Bumstead on the \"Blondie\" radio program. He is commemorated by a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. Stafford emigrated from England to Winnipeg, Manitoba in 1911. He enlisted in the 43rd Battalion of the Canadian Scottish Infantry in 1915, was wounded in the Third","title":"Hanley Stafford"},{"id":"2513678","text":"each morning racing to meet his carpool rather than chasing after a missed streetcar or city bus. Even Mr. Beasley, the mail carrier, now dresses in short-sleeve shirts and walking shorts, rather than the military-style uniform of days gone by. During the late 1990s and 2000–2001, Alexander worked part-time after high school at the order counter of a fast food restaurant, the Burger Barn. There are still occasional references to Cookie and her babysitting. Daisy, who once had a litter of puppies that lived with the family, is now the only dog seen in the Bumstead household. Cookie and Alexander","title":"Blondie (comic strip)"},{"id":"4695574","text":"at 6646 Hollywood Blvd. Many of the actors on the radio show noted Lake's commitment to the program, stating that on the day of the broadcast, Lake \"was\" Dagwood Bumstead. Far from being upset about being typecast, Lake continued to embrace the role of Dagwood in a short-lived 1957 \"Blondie\" TV series, then even into the 1960s and beyond; he would often give speeches to Rotary clubs and other civic organizations, eagerly posing for pictures with a Dagwood sandwich. Lake became very friendly with newspaper tycoon William Randolph Hearst and his mistress Marion Davies. He was a frequent guest at","title":"Arthur Lake (actor)"},{"id":"3529374","text":"getting ready before the carpool leaves without him, getting to work on time, his boss J.C. Dithers, and Cookie's many dates. He is often suspicious of her dates and keeps a close watch on them when they come to the house. Other characters in his universe include Elmo Tuttle, a pesky little neighborhood kid who wanders in and out of the Bumstead house, next-door neighbors Herb and Tootsie Woodley, Lou, the sarcastic cook in a local diner, and Mr. Dithers' domineering wife, Cora. Dagwood's birthday is July 20. Over the years, Dagwood has appeared not only in daily newspapers, but","title":"Dagwood Bumstead"},{"id":"17366755","text":"suspect that they are having an affair. After Dagwood wins money in a competition he decides to buy Blondie a fur coat, but uses Joan to try it on for size. Blondie sees them in the shop together and mistakenly thinks he is buying it for Joan. She decides to leave Dagwood for good, only to have a last minute change of heart. Blondie on a Budget Blondie on a Budget is a 1940 American comedy film directed by Frank R. Strayer and starring Penny Singleton, Arthur Lake and Rita Hayworth. It was the fifth entry into the long-running Blondie","title":"Blondie on a Budget"},{"id":"1000473","text":"were to the same woman, Adeline Blondieau, from 1990 to 1992, and from 1994 to 1995. Inaugurated by Nicolas Sarkozy his fifth and final marriage was to Læticia Boudou from 1996 until his death. The couple adopted two girls from Vietnam: Jade Odette Désirée, born 3 August 2004 (formerly Bùi Thị Hoà), in November 2004, and Joy (Maï-Hường), born 27 July 2008, in December 2008. Hallyday, who resided in Los Angeles, owned a chalet in Gstaad, Switzerland, from 2006 to 2015 to avoid the high tax rate imposed by the French government. Hallyday said that he would have moved his","title":"Johnny Hallyday"},{"id":"2764134","text":"\"Dumb Dora\", about brunette Dora who \"wasn't as dumb as she looked.\" In 1927, Young married professional harpist Athel Lindorff (d.1979). In the spring of 1930, after six years of \"Dumb Dora\"'s increasing popularity, Young requested more money and strip ownership. This action led to changes, and Paul Fung took over \"Dumb Dora\" in April 1930 when Young dropped it in order to create a new strip. In the summer of 1930, working in his studio in Great Neck, Long Island, Young created \"Blondie\". When it debuted September 8, 1930, it quickly became the most popular comic strip in America,","title":"Chic Young"},{"id":"2513675","text":"were noted by their histrionic humor as well for having 12 panels, switching to the standard half-page format in 1986. While the distinctive look and running gags of \"Blondie\" have been carefully preserved through the decades, a number of details have been altered to keep up with changing times. The Bumstead kitchen, which remained essentially unchanged from the 1930s through the 1960s, has slowly acquired a more modern look (no more legs on the gas range and no more refrigerators shown with the compressor assembly on the top). Dagwood no longer wears a hat when he goes to work, nor","title":"Blondie (comic strip)"},{"id":"9296671","text":"(as an infant) in \"Blondie's Blessed Event\", the eleventh entry in the series. Daisy had pups in the twelfth episode, \"Blondie For Victory\" (1942). Rounding out the regular supporting cast, character actor Jonathan Hale played Dagwood's irascible boss, J.C. Dithers. The Bumsteads' neighbors, the Woodleys, were oddly missing from the series. Pamela Britton portrayed Blondie in the 1957 TV series opposite Arthur Lake. Patricia Harty had the title role in the 1968 TV series. Neither \"Blondie\" TV series lasted a full season. \"Blondie Goes to Hollywood,\" by Carol Lynn Scherling. Albany, 2010. BearManor Media. . Blondie (radio) Blondie is a","title":"Blondie (radio)"},{"id":"6770579","text":"Dagwood Bumstead in a CBS television version of the comic strip \"Blondie\". He travelled to South Africa to appear in \"Shangani Patrol\" (1970) playing Frederick Russell Burnham. Back in the US, Hutchins guest starred on \"Love, American Style\", \"Emergency!\", \"Chase\", \"Movin' On\", \"The Streets of San Francisco\", and \"The Quest\". He was in \"The Horror at 37,000 Feet\" (1973), \"Slumber Party '57\" (1976), and \"The Happy Hooker Goes to Washington\" (1977). He also began appearing in circuses. Hutchins had roles in \"Roar\" (1981), \"Gunfighter\" (1999) and \"The Romantics\" (2010). Hutchins was married to Chris Burnett, sister of Carol Burnett, with","title":"Will Hutchins"},{"id":"17285601","text":"to erect a new bank building in town. When Dagwood’s boss at the architect firm, George Radcliffe, hears about the contract, he is ecstatic and offers Dagwood a modest raise of $2.50. When Dagwood immediately tell his wife Blondie the good news over the telephone, she mistakes the numbers and believes he has gotten a $250 raise. She tells her friends about the fantastic news, and word gets around that Dagwood has made a fortune on his success. A class reunion is around the corner and Blondie is on the committee planning the festivities. When the rest of the committee,","title":"Blondie's Holiday"},{"id":"1642481","text":"1958. The \"Betty Boop\" series continues to be a favorite of many critics, and the 1933 \"Betty Boop\" cartoon \"Snow-White\" (not to be confused with Disney's film \"Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs\" (1937)) was selected for preservation by the U.S. Library of Congress in the National Film Registry in 1994. Betty Boop's popularity continues well into present day culture, with references appearing in the comic strip \"Doonesbury\", where the character B.D.'s busty girlfriend/wife is named \"Boopsie\" and the animated reality TV spoof \"Drawn Together\", where Betty is the inspiration for Toot Braunstein. A \"Betty Boop\" musical is in development","title":"Betty Boop"},{"id":"9900845","text":"woman. One of her more steady radio gigs was on the \"Blondie\" radio series in the part of Cora Dithers, the domineering wife of Dagwood Bumstead's boss. Allman became a familiar face to television viewers in the 1950s with numerous guest appearances on many programs of the era, usually situation comedies. She made multiple appearances on \"I Married Joan\", \"December Bride\", \"The Bob Cummings Show\", and \"The Abbott and Costello Show\", and three appearances on \"I Love Lucy\". In 1957, she reprised her role of Cora Dithers in a short-lived TV adaption of \"Blondie\". Allman had earlier played the role","title":"Elvia Allman"},{"id":"2304518","text":"childhood, and actor Gene Raymond, and appeared on Broadway in Jack Benny's \"The Great Temptations\". She also toured in nightclubs and roadshows of plays and musicals. Singleton appeared as a nightclub singer in \"After the Thin Man\", and was credited at this time as Dorothy McNulty. She was cast opposite Arthur Lake (as Dagwood) in the feature film \"Blondie\" in 1938, based on the comic strip by Chic Young. They repeated their roles on a radio comedy beginning in 1939 and in guest appearances on other radio shows. As Dagwood and Blondie Bumstead, they proved so popular that a succession","title":"Penny Singleton"},{"id":"8472564","text":"Hollywood to get into the burgeoning film industry. Arthur changed his professional name to Arthur Lake and later achieved great success as \"Dagwood Bumstead\" in the \"Blondie\" movie series. Florence was petite, with a high-pitched speaking voice. She perfected a comical singsong delivery that established her in \"dumb\" roles. She personified flightiness in the Kennedy shorts, as the scatterbrained Mrs. Kennedy. After the series ended upon Kennedy's death in 1948, she continued to play character roles in films and television. Her best-known TV role was Jenny, the Calverton telephone operator in \"Lassie\". Lake played the role for the entire ten","title":"Florence Lake"},{"id":"657047","text":"for Public Service. Goldberg serves on the national council advisory board of the National Museum of American Illustration. Goldberg has been married three times — in 1973 to Alvin Martin (divorced in 1979, one daughter); on September 1, 1986 to cinematographer David Claessen (divorced in 1988); and on October 1, 1994 to the union organizer Lyle Trachtenberg (divorced in 1995). She was romantically linked with actors Frank Langella, Timothy Dalton, and Ted Danson, who controversially appeared in blackface during her 1993 Friars Club roast. She has stated that she has no plans to marry again, commenting \"Some people are not","title":"Whoopi Goldberg"},{"id":"4695573","text":"(1930). During this early sound film era, he typically played light romantic roles, usually with a comic \"Mama's Boy\" tone to them, in films such as \"Indiscreet\" (1931), which starred Gloria Swanson. He also had a substantial part as the bellhop in the 1937 film \"Topper\". Arthur Lake is best known for portraying the \"Blondie\" comic strip character of Dagwood Bumstead in twenty-eight Blondie films produced by Columbia Pictures from 1938 to 1950. He was also the voice of Dagwood on the radio series, which ran from 1938 to 1950, earning him a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame","title":"Arthur Lake (actor)"},{"id":"2513682","text":"letters, which preceded the title sequence in almost every film. Columbia was careful to maintain continuity, so each picture progressed from where the last one left off. Thus the Bumstead children grew from toddlers to young adults onscreen. Larry Simms played the Bumsteads' son in all the films; his character was originally called Baby Dumpling, and later became Alexander. Marjorie Kent (born Marjorie Ann Mutchie) joined the series in 1943 as daughter Cookie. Daisy had pups in the 12th feature, \"Blondie for Victory\" (1942). Danny Mummert, who had originally been chosen to play Baby Dumpling, took the continuing role of","title":"Blondie (comic strip)"},{"id":"2513683","text":"wiseguy neighbor Alvin Fuddle. Rounding out the regular supporting cast, character actor Jonathan Hale played Dagwood's irascible boss, J.C. Dithers. Hale left the series in 1945 and was succeeded by Jerome Cowan as George M. Radcliffe in \"Blondie's Big Moment\". In the last film, \"Beware of Blondie\", the Dithers character returned, played by Edward Earle and shown from the back. The Bumsteads' neighbors, the Woodleys, did not appear in the series until \"Beware of Blondie\". They were played by Emory Parnell and Isabel Withers. In 1943 Columbia felt the series was slipping, and ended the string with \"It's a Great","title":"Blondie (comic strip)"},{"id":"2513681","text":"was adapted into a long-running series of 28 low-budget theatrical B-features, produced by Columbia Pictures. Beginning with \"Blondie\" in 1938, the series lasted 12 years, through \"Beware of Blondie\" (1950). The two major roles were Penny Singleton as Blondie and Arthur Lake (whose first starring role was another comic strip character, Harold Teen) as Dagwood. Faithfulness to the comic strip was a major concern of the creators of the series. Little touches were added that were iconic to the strip, like the appearance of Dagwood's famous sandwiches—and the running gag of Dagwood colliding with the mailman amid a flurry of","title":"Blondie (comic strip)"},{"id":"2513687","text":"of the Earth, starring King Feature's adventure characters) and shown on CBS, with a second special, \"Second Wedding Workout\", telecast in 1989. Blondie was voiced by Loni Anderson, Dagwood by Frank Welker. Both animated specials are available on the fourth DVD of the \"Advantage Cartoon Mega Pack\". Both of these specials were paired with other comic strip-based specials; the first special was paired with a special based on \"Cathy\"; the second one was paired with \"Hägar the Horrible\". In Video (VHS) In UK: Leisureview Video In 1989. In the episode \"Comic Caper\" (season six episode six) of Jim Henson's Muppet","title":"Blondie (comic strip)"},{"id":"1627885","text":"more domestically, as the wife of Dagwood Bumstead and aunt of Nancy, respectively – were introduced as flappers. Flapper dresses were straight and loose, leaving the arms bare (sometimes no straps at all) and dropping the waistline to the hips. Silk or rayon stockings were held up by garters. Skirts rose to just below the knee by 1927, allowing flashes of leg to be seen when a girl danced or walked through a breeze, although the way they danced made any long loose skirt flap up to show their legs. To enhance the view, some flappers applied rouge to their","title":"Flapper"},{"id":"6134526","text":"Suffolk, at Harrogate College and in Brussels and Paris. She studied at the Royal College of Music, where her piano teacher was Marmaduke Barton (whose wife's maiden name happened also to be Anna Russell). She had a difficult childhood, and particularly a difficult relationship with her mother, who often shipped her off to live with other relatives for some time. Russell was twice married and divorced, first to John Denison and second to artist Charles Goldhamer. In her \"Who's Who\" entry she described herself as single. In one of Russell's comic routines she said that some of the world's greatest","title":"Anna Russell"},{"id":"9670654","text":"films are often unquestioningly consigned to the B-movie category, but even here there is ambiguity, as scholar James Naremore describes: The most profitable B pictures functioned much like the comic strips in the daily newspapers, showing the continuing adventures of Roy Rogers [Republic], Boston Blackie [Columbia], the Bowery Boys [Warner Bros./Universal], Blondie and Dagwood [Columbia], Charlie Chan [Fox/Monogram], and so on. Even a major studio like MGM [the industry leader from 1931 through 1941] was equipped with a so-called B unit that specialized in these serial productions. At MGM, however, the Andy Hardy, Dr. Kildaire , and Thin Man films","title":"B movies (Hollywood Golden Age)"},{"id":"1763130","text":"several boyfriends over the course of the series; his most enduring relationship was with film buff Dudley Butterfield (Chard Hayward). As the series progressed it increasingly focused on comedic characters such as brassy winebar proprietor Norma Whittaker (Sheila Kennelly), and her inventor husband Les (Gordon McDougall), no-nonsense Flo Patterson (Bunney Brooke), and the bookish bumbling Arnold Feather (Jeff Kevin), who proved irresistible to the ladies. Reg and Edie MacDonald (Mike Dorsey and Wendy Blacklock) and their bubbly daughter, Marilyn (Frances Hargreaves), arrived at the start of 1974 as three more comedic characters. One memorable cliffhanger was the explosion in the","title":"Number 96 (TV series)"},{"id":"1627884","text":"hair\". Despite the scandal flappers generated, their look became fashionable in a toned-down form among respectable older women. Significantly, the flappers removed the corset from female fashion, raised skirt and gown hemlines, and popularized short hair for women. Among actresses closely identified with the style were Tallulah Bankhead, Olive Borden, Clara Bow, Louise Brooks, Joan Crawford, Bebe Daniels, Billie Dove, Leatrice Joy, Helen Kane, Laura La Plante, Dorothy Mackaill, Colleen Moore, Norma Shearer, Norma Talmadge, Olive Thomas, and Alice White. Beginning in the early 1920s, flappers began appearing in newspaper comic strips; Blondie Boopadoop and Fritzi Ritz – later depicted","title":"Flapper"},{"id":"20242415","text":"husband. In 1987, Joan Lee wrote \"The Pleasure Palace,\" her first novel. Three unpublished novels were found among her possessions. Lee died on July 6, 2017, in Los Angeles from stroke-related complications. She was surrounded by her husband of almost 70 years, and their daughter, Joan. Although multiple sources cited her age as 93 at the time of her death, British birth records show she was, in fact, 95 years old. Joan Boocock Lee Joan Lee (née Boocock; 5 February 1922 – 6 July 2017) was a British-American model and voice actress. She was the wife of comic book writer","title":"Joan Boocock Lee"},{"id":"8665241","text":"Volga Hayworth Volga Margaret Hayworth (August 8, 1897 – January 25, 1945) was an American dancer and vaudevillian under the name Volga Hayworth. A popular showgirl on Broadway, she was the mother of actress Rita Hayworth, who used her mother's maiden name as her professional surname. Hayworth was born on August 8, 1897, in Washington, D.C., the daughter of Allynn Duran Hayworth and Margaret O'Hare. She appeared in the Ziegfeld Follies, met her husband, the Spanish-born dancer Eduardo Cansino in 1916 and married him in 1917. They had three children. She and her husband formed a vaudeville act, \"The Dancing","title":"Volga Hayworth"},{"id":"309620","text":"driver regulations in the private ground transportation industry. Anderson married Tommy Lee, drummer of Mötley Crüe, on February 19, 1995, after knowing him for about 96 hours, or 4 days. They wed on a beach, with Anderson in a bikini. Anderson's mother did not know, and learned of the marriage from \"People\" magazine. During this time, she was known professionally as Pamela Anderson Lee. They have two sons together: Brandon Thomas (born June 5, 1996) and Dylan Jagger (born December 29, 1997). During their tumultuous marriage, Lee was arrested for spousal abuse after assaulting Anderson. He was sentenced to six","title":"Pamela Anderson"},{"id":"5570242","text":"Dean Young (cartoonist) Dean Wayne Young (born July 2, 1938) is the head writer of the popular comic strip \"Blondie\", which he inherited from his father Chic Young, who died in 1973. Since then, Dean Young has collaborated on \"Blondie\" with several artists Jim Raymond (1973–81), Mike Gersher (1981–84), Stan Drake (1984–97) and Denis Lebrun (1997–2005). Currently, \"Blondie\" is drawn by John Marshall, who works with his assistant Frank Cummings. In 1986, Young talked about his gag situations, his approach to the characters of Blondie and Dagwood and satisfying his readers. He also explained how he could be in Vermont","title":"Dean Young (cartoonist)"},{"id":"1881997","text":"he was a choirboy. After he left school, he worked in a bakery and in the Advertising Department of \"The Journal of Commerce and Shipping Telegraph\". While working at a pirate radio station Radio London he was advised to change his name to avoid legal problems. He adopted the name \"Everett\" from American film comic actor Edward Everett Horton, a childhood hero. Everett married the singer and psychic Audrey \"Lady Lee\" Middleton at Kensington Register Office on 2 June 1969. By September 1979, they had separated, and in the mid-1980s, he publicly acknowledged his homosexuality. One of his first boyfriends,","title":"Kenny Everett"},{"id":"744751","text":"negotiations with RKO. On March 29, 1929, Rogers married for the first time at age 17 to her dancing partner Jack Pepper (real name Edward Jackson Culpepper). They divorced in 1931, having separated soon after the wedding. Ginger dated Mervyn LeRoy in 1932, but they ended the relationship and remained friends until his death in 1987. In 1934, she married actor Lew Ayres (1908–96). They divorced seven years later. In 1943, Rogers married her third husband, Jack Briggs, who was a U.S. Marine. Upon his return from World War II, Briggs showed no interest in continuing his incipient Hollywood career.","title":"Ginger Rogers"},{"id":"15401047","text":"Patricia Harty (actress) Patricia Harty (born November 5, 1941 in Washington, D.C.), also known professionally as Trisha Hart, is an American actress. She is known for her starring roles in several short-lived television series, \"Occasional Wife\" (1966–67) as Greta Patterson, \"Blondie\" (1968) as the titular Blondie Bumstead, \"The Bob Crane Show\" (1975) as Ellie Wilcox and \"Herbie, the Love Bug\" (1982) as Susan MacLane. She also appeared on Broadway in \"Fiorello!\" and \"Sail Away\". Harty married \"Occasional Wife\" co-star Michael Callan in June 1968. The marriage ended in divorce. She married Les Sheldon, who had been associate producer on \"The","title":"Patricia Harty (actress)"},{"id":"2513685","text":"radio; the \"Blondie\" radio program had a long run spanning several networks. Initially a 1939 summer replacement program for \"The Eddie Cantor Show\" (sponsored by Camel Cigarettes), \"Blondie\" was heard on CBS until June 1944, when it moved briefly to NBC. Returning to CBS later that year, \"Blondie\" continued there under a new sponsor (Colgate-Palmolive) until June 1949. In its final season, the series was heard on ABC from October 1949 to July 1950. Two \"Blondie\" TV sitcoms have been produced to date, each lasting only one season. Blondie and Dagwood made a brief animated appearance in \"The Fantastic Funnies\",","title":"Blondie (comic strip)"},{"id":"2154895","text":"named after Shriver in October 2004. The Maria Shriver rose contains starchy-white blooms and a powerful citrus fragrance. Maria Shriver Maria Owings Shriver (; born November 6, 1955) is an American journalist, author, and former First Lady of California. She is the wife of former Governor of California and actor Arnold Schwarzenegger. She has received a Peabody Award and was co-anchor for NBC's Emmy-winning coverage of the 1988 Summer Olympics. As executive producer of \"The Alzheimer's Project\", Shriver earned two Emmy Awards and an Academy of Television Arts & Sciences award for developing a \"television show with a conscience\". She","title":"Maria Shriver"},{"id":"8665242","text":"Cansinos\". Volga Hayworth Cansino died in 1945, at the age of 47, from undisclosed causes, in Santa Monica, California. Volga Hayworth Volga Margaret Hayworth (August 8, 1897 – January 25, 1945) was an American dancer and vaudevillian under the name Volga Hayworth. A popular showgirl on Broadway, she was the mother of actress Rita Hayworth, who used her mother's maiden name as her professional surname. Hayworth was born on August 8, 1897, in Washington, D.C., the daughter of Allynn Duran Hayworth and Margaret O'Hare. She appeared in the Ziegfeld Follies, met her husband, the Spanish-born dancer Eduardo Cansino in 1916","title":"Volga Hayworth"},{"id":"17703","text":"in his bodybuilding days, \"Arnie\" during his acting career, and \"The Governator\" (a portmanteau of \"Governor\" and \"Terminator\") during his political career. Schwarzenegger married Maria Shriver, a niece of the 35th U.S. President John F. Kennedy and daughter of the 1972 Democratic vice presidential candidate and former Ambassador to France Sargent Shriver, in 1986. They separated in 2011 after he admitted to having fathered a child with another woman in 1997. Arnold Alois Schwarzenegger was born on July 30, 1947, in Thal, Styria, to Aurelia (\"née\" Jadrny) and Gustav Schwarzenegger. His father was the local chief of police and had","title":"Arnold Schwarzenegger"},{"id":"11038063","text":"Leo Dryden George Dryden Wheeler Sr. (6 June 1863 – 21 April 1939), known as Leo Dryden, was an English music hall singer and vocal comic. George Dryden Wheeler was born in London, the son of Sarah Ann (Frost) and George Kingman Wheeler. In 1892, he met music hall performer Hannah Chaplin (stage name Lily Harley), whose young son Charlie would become a leading actor, comedian, and director. They had an affair and a son, George Dryden Wheeler Jr ., leading to the breakdown of her marriage to Charles Chaplin Sr. The couple split up and Dryden kept his son,","title":"Leo Dryden"},{"id":"11975100","text":"Stewart Show\" in 1972. She is retired from television and film but still makes personal appearances arranged through her website. Born in Hollywood, California, Culpepper is the daughter of entertainer Jack Pepper (Edward Jackson Culpepper, 1902–1979), and Pepper's second wife, Dawn. Her father was previously married to Ginger Rogers. Pepper has been married twice. Her first marriage was in 1960 to a man named Mervyn; the marriage came to an end in 1968. Her second marriage was to James Pazillo in 1969; their marriage lasted until 1996. Pepper has one son, Michael (b. 1965), and resides in Las Vegas, Nevada.","title":"Cynthia Pepper"},{"id":"20242410","text":"Joan Boocock Lee Joan Lee (née Boocock; 5 February 1922 – 6 July 2017) was a British-American model and voice actress. She was the wife of comic book writer Stan Lee, whom she met in New York City in the 1940s while working as a hat model. In her later years, Lee became a voice actress and appeared in the \"Spider-Man\" and \"Fantastic Four\" animated series in the 1990s. Kevin Smith referred to Joan as “Stan’s personal superhero” and “Marvel Muse”. Joan Boocock's birth was registered in the first quarter of 1922 in Castle Ward Rural District (now part of","title":"Joan Boocock Lee"},{"id":"7476519","text":"series \"Young, Hot and Talented\" for Channel 5. Taylor opened her own hair and beauty salon 'Taylor Made' in London in March 2011. In 2016 Taylor returned to \"Hollyoaks\" after an 18-year absence. Taylor's father, Alan Murphy, a multi-millionaire, ran the AM Paper toilet roll factory in Skelmersdale. Taylor has frequently been featured in the British tabloid press, as part of the Primrose Hill set with Sadie Frost (actress and ex-wife of Jude Law), and supermodel Kate Moss. Davinia Taylor Davinia Taylor (born Davinia Murphy on 11 November 1977) is an English actress, socialite and interior designer, best known for","title":"Davinia Taylor"},{"id":"15356702","text":"in the 1920s and, in 1931, founded the prominent New York law partnership of Debevoise, Stevenson, Plimpton and Page, now Debevoise & Plimpton L.L.P. At the Paris Olympics, Stevenson ran the last leg in the American 4 × 400 metres relay team, which won the gold medal with a new world record of 3.16.0. His teammates were Commodore Cochran, Alan Helffrich and Oliver MacDonald. During the World War II, Stevenson and his wife, Eleanor \"Bumpie\" Bumstead Stevenson, a 1923 graduate of Smith College, organized and administered American Red Cross operations in Great Britain, North Africa, Sicily, and Italy. Both he","title":"William Stevenson (athlete)"},{"id":"15401048","text":"Bob Crane Show\", in 1975. Patricia Harty (actress) Patricia Harty (born November 5, 1941 in Washington, D.C.), also known professionally as Trisha Hart, is an American actress. She is known for her starring roles in several short-lived television series, \"Occasional Wife\" (1966–67) as Greta Patterson, \"Blondie\" (1968) as the titular Blondie Bumstead, \"The Bob Crane Show\" (1975) as Ellie Wilcox and \"Herbie, the Love Bug\" (1982) as Susan MacLane. She also appeared on Broadway in \"Fiorello!\" and \"Sail Away\". Harty married \"Occasional Wife\" co-star Michael Callan in June 1968. The marriage ended in divorce. She married Les Sheldon, who had","title":"Patricia Harty (actress)"},{"id":"6356874","text":"(2014), which is loosely based on her short romance with Salinger in the 1940s. Notes References Oona O'Neill Oona O'Neill Chaplin, Lady Chaplin (14 May 1925 – 27 September 1991) was the daughter of Nobel and Pulitzer-Prize-winning Irish-American playwright Eugene O'Neill and English-born writer Agnes Boulton, and the fourth and last wife of English actor and filmmaker Charlie Chaplin. O'Neill's parents divorced when she was four years old, after which she was raised by her mother in Point Pleasant, New Jersey, and rarely saw her father. She first came to the public eye during her time at the Brearley School","title":"Oona O'Neill"},{"id":"17097653","text":"Madoff investment scandal. In 2015, U.S. Marshals auctioned 420 lots of assets belonging to Shana Madoff and her father Peter, pursuant to a court order. Shana Diane Madoff was born in Queens, New York, in 1967, and grew up in Woodbury on the North Shore of Long Island. She graduated from the University of Michigan in 1992, and from Fordham Law School in 1995. In 1997 she married Scott Skoller, a men's clothing store manager from Roslyn, New York, and changed her name to Shana Skoller. Together they had a daughter, Rebecca, before divorcing. In 2007, she married Eric Swanson,","title":"Shana Madoff"},{"id":"16203293","text":"to Batterson, the former owner of the house. The clip also says that Eric claims to be the rightful heir to the estate and the house. When Blondie hears about this she regrets that she asked for servants in the first place. Dagwood sets out to catch Eric, and succeeds just in time to prevent the man from stabbing his own wife Blondie in the back. When the press hears about the events that lead to Eric’s capture, they name Dagwood a hero, and he finally gets his raise from his boss. Blondie Has Servant Trouble Blondie Has Servant Trouble","title":"Blondie Has Servant Trouble"},{"id":"16216166","text":"The household is falling apart, and the same goes for all the other households in the neighborhood. The other husbands are experiencing very similar situations. they blame Blondie for all this, since she is the one who started the ”Housewives of America”. They go to Dagwood and demand that he acts to put an end to the commotion, and get his wife to dissolve the group entirely. in another different turn of events, Dagwood’s boss, J.C. Dithers, has been thrown out of his home, which is to be used by a delegation of soldiers visiting the area. Dithers flees the","title":"Blondie for Victory"},{"id":"11143040","text":"directors of the Boys & Girls Club of Mount Vernon. On November 7, 2017, he emceed the Boys and Girls Clubs Future Leaders Gala at The Beverly Hilton in Beverly Hills, CA. In 2007, Smoove married singer Shahidah Omar. They have one daughter and live in Los Angeles. He shortened his name, Jerry Brooks, to \"J. B.\" and added \"Smoove\" as his last name when he began performing stand-up comedy. He is a fan of the New York Yankees and the New Orleans Saints. J. B. Smoove Jerry Angelo Brooks (born December 16, 1964), is an American actor, writer, comedian","title":"J. B. Smoove"},{"id":"20408384","text":"commissioned Andy Warhol to make a portrait of her dachshund Maurice. Beginning in the 1950s, Keiller became involved with several arts institutions. From 1956 to approximately 1970, Keiller assisted Rupert Bruce-Mitford in a study of the burial ship Sutton Hoo, taking photographs of the site. She volunteered at the Tate from 1976 to 1987, where she was known as the \"Marmalade Queen.\" From 1978 to 1985, she was a member of the Scottish National Gallery of Modern Art advisory committee. Keiller's second husband was Charles R. Style, a brewery manager. They divorced in 1950. In 1951, she married her third","title":"Gabrielle Keiller"},{"id":"61114","text":"some positive reviews, \"Limelight\" was subjected to a wide-scale boycott. Reflecting on this, Maland writes that Chaplin's fall, from an \"unprecedented\" level of popularity, \"may be the most dramatic in the history of stardom in America\". Chaplin did not attempt to return to the United States after his re-entry permit was revoked, and instead sent his wife to settle his affairs. The couple decided to settle in Switzerland and, in January 1953, the family moved into their permanent home: Manoir de Ban, a estate overlooking Lake Geneva in Corsier-sur-Vevey. Chaplin put his Beverly Hills house and studio up for sale","title":"Charlie Chaplin"},{"id":"2523769","text":"Nicole Brown Simpson Nicole Brown Simpson (May 19, 1959 – June 12, 1994) was the German-American wife of retired professional football player and actor O. J. Simpson and the mother of their two children, Sydney and Justin. She was found murdered at her home in Brentwood, Los Angeles, California, USA on June 13, 1994, along with her friend, 25-year-old American restaurant waiter Ron Goldman. Simpson was charged with both murders; after a controversial and highly-publicized criminal trial, Simpson was acquitted in 1995, but found liable for both deaths in a civil suit in 1997 and ordered to pay $33.5 million","title":"Nicole Brown Simpson"},{"id":"114480","text":"Switzerland. On 24 April 1992, Bowie married Somali-American model Iman in a private ceremony in Lausanne. The wedding was later solemnised on 6 June in Florence. They had one daughter, Alexandria \"Lexi\" Zahra Jones, born in August 2000. The couple resided primarily in New York City and London, as well as owning an apartment in Sydney's Elizabeth Bay. and Britannia Bay House on the island of Mustique, now renamed Mandalay Estate. Bowie declared himself gay in an interview with Michael Watts for a 1972 issue of \"Melody Maker\", coinciding with his campaign for stardom as Ziggy Stardust. According to Buckley,","title":"David Bowie"},{"id":"18383617","text":"The Middle (season 6) The sixth season of the television comedy series \"The Middle\" began airing on September 24, 2014, on ABC in the United States. It is produced by Blackie and Blondie Productions and Warner Bros. Television with series creators DeAnn Heline and Eileen Heisler as executive producers. The show features Frances \"Frankie\" Heck (Patricia Heaton), a working-class, Midwestern woman married to Mike Heck (Neil Flynn) who resides in the small fictional town of Orson, Indiana. They are the parents of three children, Axl (Charlie McDermott), Sue (Eden Sher), and Brick (Atticus Shaffer). On May 8, 2014, ABC renewed","title":"The Middle (season 6)"},{"id":"11681982","text":"Harold Hamgravy Harold Hamgravy, better known as Ham Gravy, is an American comics character from the \"Thimble Theatre\" (later \"Popeye\") series, created in 1919 by Elzie Segar. Hamgravy was the original fiancé of the better-known character Olive Oyl, but was often attracted to other women who were considerably wealthy. Hamgravy was depicted as a slacker who preferred getting rich quick rather than earning money honestly. In a later strip, Hamgravy hired a sailor named Popeye to man his ship for a treasure hunt. Intended as a minor supporting character, Popeye proved so popular with readers that he was made a","title":"Harold Hamgravy"},{"id":"15406958","text":"of the way. The young couple that picks them up, Millie and Charlie, are on their way to get married and elope together, without their parents' consents. The Bumsteads have to accompany the young couple to court and the wedding ceremony, but the wedding is interrupted by Millie's father, Mr Tucker, storming in with a shotgun. Mr Tucker then takes the car, with Dagwood, his son and their dog still in it, and drives off. Charlie is forced to take Blondie to Aunt Hannah's ranch, and in she encourages him to have another go at marrying Millie and elop. unfortunately","title":"Blondie Plays Cupid"},{"id":"13976490","text":"for violating his probation for the 1999 theft, after he was arrested on battery charges involving his then-wife, Joanna Ferrell. He was again twice arrested on charges of battery against Ferrell in 2004, and that same year, he filed for divorce under the name John W. Ferrell, which he had been using during his marriage with Ferrell. In 2014, he was severely injured when he broke his neck in a vehicular accident in Buffalo, New York. After the trial, Lorena attempted to keep a low profile and reverted to the use of her maiden name, Gallo. In December 1997, she","title":"John and Lorena Bobbitt"},{"id":"14165361","text":"Blonde (film) Blonde is a 2001 American made-for-television biographical film on the life of Marilyn Monroe, with Australian actress Poppy Montgomery in the lead role. The film was adapted from Joyce Carol Oates´s 2001 Pulitzer Prize finalist novel of the same name. A fictional biography of Marilyn Monroe mixed with a series of real events in her life. With glimpses into her childhood years, teenaged marriage to first husband James Dougherty, meeting with photographer Otto Ose, career with 20th Century Fox, relationship with her mother, her foster parents, Charles Chaplin Jr. (Cass), Edward G. Robinson Jr. (Eddie G), and her","title":"Blonde (film)"},{"id":"2713926","text":"City, the third child of Rose (née Stern 1867-1941), a Hungarian-Jewish woman who emigrated to America at age ten, and Alsatian immigrant Charles Borach. The Borachs were saloon owners and had four children: Phillip, born in 1887; Carrie, born in 1889; Fania, born in 1891; and Louis, born in 1893. Under the name Lew Brice, her younger brother also became an entertainer and was the first husband of actress Mae Clarke. In 1908, Brice dropped out of school to work in a burlesque revue, \"The Girls from Happy Land Starring Sliding Billy Watson\". Two years later she began her association","title":"Fanny Brice"},{"id":"4183499","text":"claimed that the accident left him severely disabled and he had to utilize a wheelchair and crutches for the remainder of his life. In 1962, he attempted suicide after a heavy drinking binge. Beckett was married three times and had one child. He married professional tennis player Beverly Baker on September 28, 1949, in Las Vegas. She was granted a divorce in June 1950. His second marriage was to model and actress Sunny Vickers. They married in 1951 and had one son, Scott Jr., before divorcing in 1957. In 1961, he married Margaret C. Sabo; she remained with him until","title":"Scotty Beckett"},{"id":"2513672","text":"situation structured into the strip for so many decades. Dagwood is the office manager at the office of the J. C. Dithers Construction Company under his dictatorial boss, Julius Caesar Dithers. Mr. Dithers is a \"sawed-off, tin pot Napoleon\" who is always abusing his employees, both verbally and physically. He frequently threatens to fire Dagwood when Dagwood inevitably botches or does not finish his work, sleeps on the job, comes in late, or pesters Dithers for a raise. Dithers characteristically responds by kicking Dagwood in the backside and ordering him back to work. The tyrannical Dithers is lord and master","title":"Blondie (comic strip)"},{"id":"10269343","text":"Victoria Sellers Victoria Sellers (born 20 January 1965) is a British model, actress, comedian and jewellery designer. Born in London, Sellers attended Lycée Français de Los Angeles in West Los Angeles and Crossroads School for Arts and Sciences in the class of 1981. She became friends with the \"Hollywood Madam\" Heidi Fleiss in their teens. She is the only child from the marriage of actor Peter Sellers and actress Britt Ekland. A letter auctioned in 2010, one of the last documents signed by her father before his death, indicates that he was trying to increase the amount of money to","title":"Victoria Sellers"},{"id":"17762570","text":"and an actress, Marr served as a talent spotter. She discovered Tommy Chong, Cheech Marin, Pat Morita, and Sam Kinison. Sally Marr died on December 14, 1997, about two weeks shy of her 91st birthday, in Los Angeles. She was survived by her granddaughter, Kitty Bruce, the daughter of Lenny Bruce and his ex-wife Honey Harlow. Sally Marr Sally Marr (December 30, 1906 – December 14, 1997) was a stand-up comic, dancer, actress and talent spotter who is best known as being the mother of legendary and seminal comic Lenny Bruce, whose act she influenced. Born Sadie Kitchenberg in Jamaica,","title":"Sally Marr"},{"id":"17285602","text":"including bigmouth housewife Cynthia Thompson and Paul Madison, who were Dagwood’s highschool suitor, hears about Dagwood’s fortune, they suggest he pay the bill of $400 for the fancy dinner at the reunion. Blondie has no choice but to accept to defend Dagwood’s honor. Dagwood panics when he hears what Blondie has promised in his name, and starts a desperate search for money to pay for the dinner he can’t afford. He sees no other alternative than to try to gamble up the money on the horse race track. He talks to a gambling expert named Pete Brody to learn how","title":"Blondie's Holiday"},{"id":"10678568","text":"more famously acerbic W.C. Fields, with whom he established a lifelong friendship. Sutherland's last directing assignment was working on the \"Mack & Myer for Hire\" TV comedies with Joey Faye and Mickey Deans for Sandy Howard TV Productions and Trans-Lux Television in 1965. (Info can be found at www.tvparty.com.) Sutherland was married five times. Among his wives were Marjorie Daw (from 1923 to 1925) and Louise Brooks (from July 1926 to June 1928). He and Brooks met on the set of \"It's the Old Army Game\", which he directed and which also co-starred his aunt Blanche Ring. Brooks and Sutherland","title":"A. Edward Sutherland"},{"id":"2764138","text":"the Apollo Medical Center in St. Petersburg, Florida, in 1973 at age 72. He had been in ill health for some time, remaining near his home in Clearwater, FL. \"Blondie\" is currently written by Chic Young's son, Dean Young, and illustrated by John Marshall with his assistant Frank Cummings. Chic Young received the National Cartoonists Society's Reuben Award for \"Blondie\" in 1948, only one of many awards. Chic Young Murat Bernard \"Chic\" Young (January 9, 1901March 14, 1973) was an American cartoonist who created the comic strip \"Blondie\". His 1919 \"William McKinley High School Yearbook\" cites his nickname as Chicken,","title":"Chic Young"},{"id":"3017978","text":"still existed between Lee and Neil, as Lee felt that the band had been going in a backward direction since Neil rejoined the group. Lee was also having domestic problems with his wife, model Pamela Anderson, which, after an altercation following an argument, led to him serving time in jail. During this time, Mötley Crüe and Elektra Records severed their 17-year relationship together, with Mötley Crüe gaining full ownership of its music catalog and publishing rights. The break with Elektra allowed the group to form its own label, Mötley Records, to release future projects on. Lee's legal problems forced the","title":"New Tattoo"},{"id":"4567168","text":"Williams and was engaged to former Middlesbrough attacker Jérémie Aliadière. She was briefly married to restaurateur Richard Palmer – ex-husband of Raquel Welch, and is now divorced. In 2014, Dowding uploaded a photo of herself dressed as a murdered Native American chief. This was considered extremely offensive by \"Indian Country Today News\". Leilani Dowding Leilani Dowding (born 30 January 1980) is an English former \"Page 3\" girl, glamour model, television celebrity, and the UK representative at Miss Universe 1998. Dowding grew up in Bournemouth, and has a younger sister Melanie. They were brought up Roman Catholic by their Filipina mother","title":"Leilani Dowding"},{"id":"1415812","text":"Dandy Nichols Dandy Nichols (born Daisy Sander; 21 May 1907 – 6 February 1986) was an English actress best known for her role as Else Garnett, the long-suffering wife of the racially bigoted and misogynistic character Alf Garnett in the BBC sitcom \"Till Death Us Do Part\". Born Daisy Sander in Fulham, London, she started her working life as a secretary in a London factory. Twelve years later, after drama, diction and fencing classes, she was spotted in a charity show by a producer, who offered her a job in his repertory theatre company in Cambridge. During her early career","title":"Dandy Nichols"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"id\": \"3529372\",\n \"text\": \"Dagwood Bumstead Dagwood Bumstead is a main character in cartoonist Chic Young's long-running comic strip \\\"Blondie\\\". He first appeared some time before 17 February 1933. He was originally heir to the Bumstead Locomotive fortune but was disowned when he married a flapper (originally known as Blondie Boopadoop) whom his family saw as below his class. He has since worked hard at J. C. Dithers & Company (currently as the construction company's office manager) to support his family. The Bumsteads' first baby, Alexander, was originally named Baby Dumpling. The name of his younger sister, Cookie, was chosen by readers in a\",\n \"title\": \"Dagwood Bumstead\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3529376\",\n \"text\": \"another appearance in \\\"Garfield \\\"comic strips in August 20, 2005 to invite Jon and Garfield for his and Blondie's anniversary party. In the song \\\"Homemade Mummy\\\" alternative rapper Aesop Rock briefly refers to Dagwood. Dagwood Bumstead Dagwood Bumstead is a main character in cartoonist Chic Young's long-running comic strip \\\"Blondie\\\". He first appeared some time before 17 February 1933. He was originally heir to the Bumstead Locomotive fortune but was disowned when he married a flapper (originally known as Blondie Boopadoop) whom his family saw as below his class. He has since worked hard at J. C. Dithers & Company\",\n \"title\": \"Dagwood Bumstead\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2513669\",\n \"text\": \"Gersher, Stan Drake, Denis Lebrun, and John Marshall. Despite these changes, \\\"Blondie\\\" has remained popular, appearing in more than 2,000 newspapers in 47 countries and translated into 35 languages. Since 2006, \\\"Blondie\\\" has also been available via email through King Features' DailyINK service. Originally designed to follow in the footsteps of Young's earlier \\\"pretty girl\\\" creations \\\"Beautiful Bab\\\" and \\\"Dumb Dora\\\", \\\"Blondie\\\" focused on the adventures of Blondie Boopadoop—a carefree flapper girl who spent her days in dance halls along with her boyfriend Dagwood Bumstead, heir to a railroad fortune. The name \\\"Boopadoop\\\" derives from the scat singing lyric that\",\n \"title\": \"Blondie (comic strip)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17366754\",\n \"text\": \"Blondie on a Budget Blondie on a Budget is a 1940 American comedy film directed by Frank R. Strayer and starring Penny Singleton, Arthur Lake and Rita Hayworth. It was the fifth entry into the long-running Blondie series of films, which ran between 1938 and 1950. Blondie Bumstead is having trouble balancing the family budget, particularly as she wants to buy a new fur coat. Her husband Dagwood also needs money for the membership fee of a fishing club he wants to join. Blondie becomes jealous when she finds Dagwood with an overfamiliar old friend, Joan Forrester, and begins to\",\n \"title\": \"Blondie on a Budget\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5557096\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"D.O.A.\\\", also in 1950. She made her third film of the year in the Red Skelton vehicle, \\\"Watch the Birdie\\\" (1951). It was 19 years before she returned to the big screen. Britton portrayed the title role of the TV version of the Chic Young newspaper comic strip \\\"Blondie\\\" (1957), opposite Arthur Lake as her husband, \\\"Dagwood Bumstead\\\". Britton was married on April 8, 1943, in Texas, to Captain Arthur Steel after they met on a blind date arranged by one of her sisters. After the wedding, he was posted to Italy on active service while Britton remained working at\",\n \"title\": \"Pamela Britton\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2513670\",\n \"text\": \"was popularized by Helen Kane's 1928 song \\\"I Wanna Be Loved by You.\\\" On February 17, 1933, after much fanfare and build-up, Blondie and Dagwood were married. After a month-and-a-half-long hunger strike by Dagwood to get his parents' blessing, as they strongly disapproved of his marrying beneath his class, they disinherited him. Left only with a check to pay for their honeymoon, the Bumsteads were forced to become a middle-class suburban family. The marriage was a significant media event, given the comic strip's popularity. The catalog for the University of Florida's 2005 exhibition, \\\"75 Years of Blondie, 1930–2005,\\\" notes: \\\"Dagwood\",\n \"title\": \"Blondie (comic strip)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4695571\",\n \"text\": \"Arthur Lake (actor) Arthur Lake (born Arthur Silverlake Jr., April 17, 1905 – January 9, 1987) was an American actor known best for bringing Dagwood Bumstead, the bumbling husband of \\\"Blondie\\\", to life in film, radio and television. Lake was born in 1905, when his father and uncle were touring with a circus in an aerial act known as \\\"The Flying Silverlakes\\\". His mother, Edith Goodwin, was an actress. His parents later appeared in vaudeville in a skit \\\"Family Affair\\\", traveling throughout the South and Southwest United States. Arthur first appeared on stage as a baby in Uncle Tom's Cabin\",\n \"title\": \"Arthur Lake (actor)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3529373\",\n \"text\": \"national contest. The family circle is rounded out by Daisy the dog. The origin of both Dagwood's last name and Daisy's name came from Chic Young's long-time friend Arthur Bumstead and his dog, Daisy. His favorite things in life include his wife Blondie, his kids, naps on the sofa, long baths, and food. Dagwood was famous for concocting tall, multi-layered sandwiches topped with an olive on a toothpick, and the term \\\"Dagwood sandwich\\\" has entered American English. He frequently has problems with door-to-door salesmen, rude telemarketers and store salespeople, crashing into the mailman (Mr. Beasley) as he rushes from home,\",\n \"title\": \"Dagwood Bumstead\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4695576\",\n \"text\": \"many suspects in a case that remains unsolved. Lake died of a heart attack in Indian Wells, California, on January 9, 1987, and was interred in the Hollywood Forever Cemetery, in the Douras family mausoleum, along with actress Marion Davies and her husband, Horace G. Brown. Lake's widow Patricia was interred there upon her death in 1993. Arthur Lake (actor) Arthur Lake (born Arthur Silverlake Jr., April 17, 1905 – January 9, 1987) was an American actor known best for bringing Dagwood Bumstead, the bumbling husband of \\\"Blondie\\\", to life in film, radio and television. Lake was born in 1905,\",\n \"title\": \"Arthur Lake (actor)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11817065\",\n \"text\": \"Blondie Goes to College Blondie Goes to College is a 1942 Columbia comedy film directed by Frank R. Strayer. The film is a part of the \\\"Blondie\\\" series, starring Penny Singleton in the title role. This was the tenth of twenty-eight Blondie movies starring Penny Singleton and Arthur Lake. Dagwood Bumstead (Arthur Lake) is forced to receive a college diploma in order to remain a worker at the Dithers Construction Company. He goes to school with his wife Blondie (Penny Singleton), until they get the news married couples are not allowed. They decide to pretend they aren't a couple. A\",\n \"title\": \"Blondie Goes to College\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12048767\",\n \"text\": \"O'Byrne as the hapless mailman, always getting run over by Dagwood hurrying out the door, late for work. \\\"Blondie\\\" stars Patricia Harty and Will Hutchins as Blondie and Dagwood Bumstead, a suburban couple raising a precocious daughter. Plots mixed typical sitcom tropes from home life and work life. The series is best remembered for its opening theme, which featured the comic strip characters in animated form before transforming into the actors playing the characters. Like the 1957 version, which lasted only one season, the series was not a hit, lasting a total of 13 weeks before being canceled. Ferdin and\",\n \"title\": \"Blondie (1968 TV series)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16216165\",\n \"text\": \"Blondie for Victory Blondie for Victory is a 1942 American film, and the 12th entry in the Blondie series. Blondie Bumstead forms a civilian defense group, ”Housewives of America”, by persuading her housewife neighbors to join. But the forming of the group creates trouble in her own household. Blondie’s husband Dagwood isn’t happy with coming home every night finding a note, saying that his wife is at a meeting with the housewives. And her son, Baby, is left on his own all the time. The family dog, Daisy, roams freely around the house with no one to look after it.\",\n \"title\": \"Blondie for Victory\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13962417\",\n \"text\": \"actress Ellen Morgan. Around this time, Norton reached what she considered the peak of her radio career. Ron Beck, former producer of the Colgate-Palmolive shows, had entered into production with his own company. He obtained scripts of \\\"Blondie\\\", an American show based on Chic Young's comic strip of the same name, and set about producing an Australian version of them. Willie Fennell played Dagwood Bumstead, Blondie's rather put-upon husband, but competition for the title role was very keen. Norton won it from a large field of auditioning actresses. \\\"Blondie\\\" went to air in November 1951, but its run was not\",\n \"title\": \"Kerry Norton-Smyser\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12048766\",\n \"text\": \"Blondie (1968 TV series) Blondie (also known as The New Blondie) is an American sitcom that aired on CBS during the 1968–69 television season. The series is an updated version of the 1957 TV series that was based on the comic strip of the same name. The series stars Patricia Harty at the title character and Will Hutchins as her husband Dagwood Bumstead. Jim Backus played Dagwood's boss Mr. Dithers, with his real life wife Henny Backus playing Cora Dithers. The series also featured the noted child character actress Pamelyn Ferdin as the Bumstead's daughter, Cookie, and character actor Bryan\",\n \"title\": \"Blondie (1968 TV series)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8785941\",\n \"text\": \"television. In 1950, NBC optioned Telecomics' product and repackaged it as \\\"NBC Comics\\\". In 1951, Slesinger acquired the rights to make a \\\"Blondie\\\" television show with Arthur Lake as Dagwood Bumsteadand his wife \\\"Pat Lake\\\" starred as \\\"Blondie.\\\" at the request of \\\"Randolph Hearst\\\" who cared for her as if she was his daughter. Pat Lake nee:Patricia Van Cleeve Lake an American socialite, actress and radio comedian, was also \\\"Marion Davies\\\"nice. Slesinger was completing the pilot episode at the time of his death on December 17, 1953. Amid the shock and confusion of his unexpected passing, the reels of the\",\n \"title\": \"Stephen Slesinger\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6119952\",\n \"text\": \"radio sitcom \\\"Blondie\\\" in the mid-1940s, Lake replaced her as the voice of Blondie Bumstead for the remaining five years of the show, opposite her real-life husband Arthur Lake, who played Blondie's spouse, Dagwood. In 1954, Lake also co-starred with her husband in an early television sitcom he created called \\\"Meet the Family\\\". Lake was selected by the Motion Picture Publicists Association to be one of the MPPA 'Baby Stars' of 1940, an award similar to the WAMPAS Baby Stars selections of 1922 through 1934. Patricia Lake Patricia Van Cleeve Lake (between 1919 and 1923 – October 3, 1993), known\",\n \"title\": \"Patricia Lake\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2764135\",\n \"text\": \"gaining even more readers when Blondie and Dagwood married in 1933, followed by the 1934 birth of Baby Dumpling (later known as Alexander). When his first son, Wayne, died of diphtheria in 1937, Young took a year's hiatus; the experience made it difficult for him to draw Baby Dumpling. After Young and his wife spent a year traveling in Europe, he began \\\"Blondie\\\" once again, quelling rumors that he might not return to the strip. With films, radio, television and products, the strip became a licensing and media bonanza that made Young a wealthy man. During his lifetime, he produced\",\n \"title\": \"Chic Young\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15406957\",\n \"text\": \"Blondie Plays Cupid Blondie Plays Cupid is a 1940 American comedy film starring Penny Singleton and Arthur Lake and directed by Frank R. Strayer. Also in the cast is Glenn Ford. It is the seventh of the 28 \\\"Blondie\\\" films Dagwood Bumstead has been caught possessing illegal fireworks and now he tries to make up for this by taking his wife Blondie to Aunt Hannah's ranch for 4 July celebrations. The ranch is a peaceful place in the country, but trouble starts already on the way over there, when the Bumsteads board the wrong train and have to hitchhike most\",\n \"title\": \"Blondie Plays Cupid\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16203290\",\n \"text\": \"Blondie Has Servant Trouble Blondie Has Servant Trouble is a 1940 American film, the sixth of the series of 28 Blondie movies. Blondie proves to be a real nuisance to her husband Dagwood and causes domestic disturbance in the Bumstead home, when she insists on getting a maid. Dagwood is forced to take the request seriously, and asks his boss, J.C. Dithers, for a raise. As a rule, Dithers refuses the raise, but instead he offers Dagwood and his family a two-week stay at a country house, complete with servants. The house is the size of a palace, formerly owned\",\n \"title\": \"Blondie Has Servant Trouble\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16216171\",\n \"text\": \"of a military uniform. Dagwood returns to his home, with his wife, and isn’t bothered anymore by the Housewives of America. Blondie for Victory Blondie for Victory is a 1942 American film, and the 12th entry in the Blondie series. Blondie Bumstead forms a civilian defense group, ”Housewives of America”, by persuading her housewife neighbors to join. But the forming of the group creates trouble in her own household. Blondie’s husband Dagwood isn’t happy with coming home every night finding a note, saying that his wife is at a meeting with the housewives. And her son, Baby, is left on\",\n \"title\": \"Blondie for Victory\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15406960\",\n \"text\": \"so happy over the new source of income that he consents to Charlie marrying his daughter after all, and the Bumsteads finish their weekend holiday at the hospital, in peace and quiet. Blondie Plays Cupid Blondie Plays Cupid is a 1940 American comedy film starring Penny Singleton and Arthur Lake and directed by Frank R. Strayer. Also in the cast is Glenn Ford. It is the seventh of the 28 \\\"Blondie\\\" films Dagwood Bumstead has been caught possessing illegal fireworks and now he tries to make up for this by taking his wife Blondie to Aunt Hannah's ranch for 4\",\n \"title\": \"Blondie Plays Cupid\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3529375\",\n \"text\": \"in comic books, Big Little Books, Whitman novels for children, and other print materials, as well as radio, film, and television. Arthur Lake played Dagwood in the \\\"Blondie\\\" film series (1938–50) and the short-lived 1957 TV series \\\"Blondie\\\", while Will Hutchins played him in a revival series (1968–69). He makes several cameo appearances in \\\"Garfield Gets Real\\\", alongside Grimmy from \\\"Mother Goose and Grimm\\\". Dagwood and his wife also made a cameo appearance in a \\\"Garfield\\\" strip originally published April 1, 1997. On a fourth wall break, Garfield refers to this as \\\"moving to a different comic strip\\\". Dagwood made\",\n \"title\": \"Dagwood Bumstead\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2304516\",\n \"text\": \"Penny Singleton Penny Singleton (born Marianna Dorothy Agnes Letitia McNulty, September 15, 1908 – November 12, 2003) was an American actress. During her 60-year career, Singleton appeared as the comic-strip heroine Blondie Bumstead in a series of 28 motion pictures from 1938 until 1950 and the popular \\\"Blondie\\\" radio program from 1939 until 1950. Singleton also provided the voice of Jane Jetson in the animated series \\\"The Jetsons\\\". For her contributions to both radio and the motion-picture industry, in 1960, Singleton was honored with two stars as she was inducted to the Hollywood Walk of Fame. The star for radio\",\n \"title\": \"Penny Singleton\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17285600\",\n \"text\": \"Blondie's Holiday Blondie's Holiday is a 1947 black-and-white comedy film, directed by Abby Berlin. The film is based on the comic strip of the same name. The screenplay was written by Chic Young and Constance Lee. This was the twentieth of 28 films based on the comic strip; Columbia Pictures produced them from 1938 to 1943. Daisy, the dog, appeared in every film except this one, as he was playing \\\"Curley\\\" in the 1947 film \\\"Red Stallion\\\" Dagwood Bumstead is an architect who has managed to convince the prominent bank president Samuel Breckenridge to let his firm have the contract\",\n \"title\": \"Blondie's Holiday\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11758432\",\n \"text\": \"Ann Barnes Ann Barnes (June 17, 1945 – September 13, 2005) was an actress and pop singer, best known for appearing as Cookie Bumstead on the short-lived television series \\\"Blondie\\\" (1957), based on the popular Chic Young comic strip. In the series executive-produced by Hal Roach, Arthur Lake reprised the role of Dagwood, first essayed in the feature films produced by Columbia Pictures in the 1930s–1940’s. “Blondie” was played in the TV series by Pamela Britton. Barnes played the Bumsteads' daughter as a bright, precocious girl, full of worldly wisdom, and terribly fond of cake. The energetic actress would often\",\n \"title\": \"Ann Barnes\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2513671\",\n \"text\": \"Bumstead and family, including Daisy and the pups, live in the suburbs of Joplin, Missouri,\\\" according to the August 1946 issue of \\\"The Joplin Globe\\\", citing Chic Young. The Bumstead family has grown, with the addition of a son named Alexander (originally \\\"Baby Dumpling\\\") on April 15, 1934, a daughter named Cookie on April 11, 1941, a dog, Daisy, and her litter of five unnamed pups. In the 1960s, Cookie and Alexander grew into teenagers (who uncannily resemble their parents), but they stopped growing during the 1960s when Young realized that they had to remain teenagers to maintain the family\",\n \"title\": \"Blondie (comic strip)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2513673\",\n \"text\": \"over all he surveys, with one notable exception—his formidable and domineering wife, Cora. Blondie and Dagwood's best friends are their next-door neighbors Herb and Tootsie Woodley, although Dagwood and Herb's friendship is frequently volatile. Lou is the burly, tattooed owner of Lou's Diner, the less-than-five-star establishment where Dagwood often eats during his lunch hour. Other regular supporting characters include the long-suffering mailman, Mr. Beasley; Elmo Tuttle, a pesky neighborhood kid who often asks Dagwood to play; and a never-ending parade of overbearing door-to-door salesmen. There are several running gags in \\\"Blondie\\\", reflecting the trend after Chic Young's death for the\",\n \"title\": \"Blondie (comic strip)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2513668\",\n \"text\": \"Blondie (comic strip) Blondie is an American comic strip created by cartoonist Chic Young. The comic strip is distributed by King Features Syndicate, and has been published in newspapers since September 8, 1930. The success of the strip, which features the eponymous blonde and her sandwich-loving husband, led to the long-running \\\"Blondie\\\" film series (1938–1950) and the popular \\\"Blondie\\\" radio program (1939–1950). Chic Young drew \\\"Blondie\\\" until his death in 1973, when creative control passed to his son Dean Young, who continues to write the strip. Young has collaborated with a number of artists on \\\"Blondie\\\", including Jim Raymond, Mike\",\n \"title\": \"Blondie (comic strip)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9029323\",\n \"text\": \"Pen vomiting profusely in Violet's face, two biplanes colliding in midair, Dagwood Bumstead getting kicked in the groin by his wife, Blondie, which causes his head to pop off, resulting in another blood gush, Mickey Mouse getting hit over the head by a lead pipe, Rocky Balboa getting punched in the face by Popeye, and Godzilla squeezing Dr. Pepper out of a giant soda can. It ends with Charlie Brown announcing that \\\"Happiness is a warm \\\"uzi\\\"\\\" in a thick Germanic accent reminiscent of Arnold Schwarzenegger and a cut to him smoking a cigarette in bed with the Little Red-Haired\",\n \"title\": \"Bring Me the Head of Charlie Brown\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2513676\",\n \"text\": \"does Blondie wear her previous hat and gloves when leaving the house. Although some bedroom and bathroom scenes still show him in polka-dot boxer shorts, Dagwood no longer wears garters to hold up his socks. When at home, he frequently wears sport shirts, his standard dress shirt with one large button in the middle is slowly disappearing, and he no longer smokes a pipe at all. Blondie now often wears slacks, and she is no longer depicted as a housewife since she teamed with Tootsie Woodley to launch a catering business in 1991. Dagwood still knocks heads with his boss,\",\n \"title\": \"Blondie (comic strip)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2810248\",\n \"text\": \"Dagwood sandwich A Dagwood sandwich is a tall, multi-layered sandwich made with a variety of meats, cheeses, and condiments. It was named after Dagwood Bumstead, a central character in the comic strip \\\"Blondie\\\", who is frequently illustrated making enormous sandwiches. According to \\\"Blondie\\\" scripter Dean Young, his father, Chic Young, began drawing the huge sandwiches in the comic strip during 1936. Though the exact contents of Chic Young's illustrated Dagwood sandwich remain obscure, it appears to contain large quantities and varieties of cold cuts, sliced cheese and vegetables separated by additional slices of bread. An olive pierced by a toothpick\",\n \"title\": \"Dagwood sandwich\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2810249\",\n \"text\": \"or wooden skewer usually crowns the edible structure. \\\"Dagwood sandwich\\\" has been included in \\\"Webster's New World Dictionary\\\", and \\\"Dagwood\\\" (referring to the sandwich) has been included in the \\\"American Heritage Dictionary\\\". Dagwood sandwich A Dagwood sandwich is a tall, multi-layered sandwich made with a variety of meats, cheeses, and condiments. It was named after Dagwood Bumstead, a central character in the comic strip \\\"Blondie\\\", who is frequently illustrated making enormous sandwiches. According to \\\"Blondie\\\" scripter Dean Young, his father, Chic Young, began drawing the huge sandwiches in the comic strip during 1936. Though the exact contents of Chic Young's\",\n \"title\": \"Dagwood sandwich\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8937636\",\n \"text\": \"Hanley Stafford Hanley Stafford (born Alfred John Austin 22 September 1899 in Hanley, England, United Kingdom; died 9 September 1968, Los Angeles, California, USA) was an actor principally on radio. He is remembered best for playing Lancelot Higgins on \\\"The Baby Snooks Show\\\". Stafford also assumed the role of Mr. Dithers, the boss of Dagwood Bumstead on the \\\"Blondie\\\" radio program. He is commemorated by a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. Stafford emigrated from England to Winnipeg, Manitoba in 1911. He enlisted in the 43rd Battalion of the Canadian Scottish Infantry in 1915, was wounded in the Third\",\n \"title\": \"Hanley Stafford\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2513678\",\n \"text\": \"each morning racing to meet his carpool rather than chasing after a missed streetcar or city bus. Even Mr. Beasley, the mail carrier, now dresses in short-sleeve shirts and walking shorts, rather than the military-style uniform of days gone by. During the late 1990s and 2000–2001, Alexander worked part-time after high school at the order counter of a fast food restaurant, the Burger Barn. There are still occasional references to Cookie and her babysitting. Daisy, who once had a litter of puppies that lived with the family, is now the only dog seen in the Bumstead household. Cookie and Alexander\",\n \"title\": \"Blondie (comic strip)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4695574\",\n \"text\": \"at 6646 Hollywood Blvd. Many of the actors on the radio show noted Lake's commitment to the program, stating that on the day of the broadcast, Lake \\\"was\\\" Dagwood Bumstead. Far from being upset about being typecast, Lake continued to embrace the role of Dagwood in a short-lived 1957 \\\"Blondie\\\" TV series, then even into the 1960s and beyond; he would often give speeches to Rotary clubs and other civic organizations, eagerly posing for pictures with a Dagwood sandwich. Lake became very friendly with newspaper tycoon William Randolph Hearst and his mistress Marion Davies. He was a frequent guest at\",\n \"title\": \"Arthur Lake (actor)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3529374\",\n \"text\": \"getting ready before the carpool leaves without him, getting to work on time, his boss J.C. Dithers, and Cookie's many dates. He is often suspicious of her dates and keeps a close watch on them when they come to the house. Other characters in his universe include Elmo Tuttle, a pesky little neighborhood kid who wanders in and out of the Bumstead house, next-door neighbors Herb and Tootsie Woodley, Lou, the sarcastic cook in a local diner, and Mr. Dithers' domineering wife, Cora. Dagwood's birthday is July 20. Over the years, Dagwood has appeared not only in daily newspapers, but\",\n \"title\": \"Dagwood Bumstead\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17366755\",\n \"text\": \"suspect that they are having an affair. After Dagwood wins money in a competition he decides to buy Blondie a fur coat, but uses Joan to try it on for size. Blondie sees them in the shop together and mistakenly thinks he is buying it for Joan. She decides to leave Dagwood for good, only to have a last minute change of heart. Blondie on a Budget Blondie on a Budget is a 1940 American comedy film directed by Frank R. Strayer and starring Penny Singleton, Arthur Lake and Rita Hayworth. It was the fifth entry into the long-running Blondie\",\n \"title\": \"Blondie on a Budget\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1000473\",\n \"text\": \"were to the same woman, Adeline Blondieau, from 1990 to 1992, and from 1994 to 1995. Inaugurated by Nicolas Sarkozy his fifth and final marriage was to Læticia Boudou from 1996 until his death. The couple adopted two girls from Vietnam: Jade Odette Désirée, born 3 August 2004 (formerly Bùi Thị Hoà), in November 2004, and Joy (Maï-Hường), born 27 July 2008, in December 2008. Hallyday, who resided in Los Angeles, owned a chalet in Gstaad, Switzerland, from 2006 to 2015 to avoid the high tax rate imposed by the French government. Hallyday said that he would have moved his\",\n \"title\": \"Johnny Hallyday\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2764134\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Dumb Dora\\\", about brunette Dora who \\\"wasn't as dumb as she looked.\\\" In 1927, Young married professional harpist Athel Lindorff (d.1979). In the spring of 1930, after six years of \\\"Dumb Dora\\\"'s increasing popularity, Young requested more money and strip ownership. This action led to changes, and Paul Fung took over \\\"Dumb Dora\\\" in April 1930 when Young dropped it in order to create a new strip. In the summer of 1930, working in his studio in Great Neck, Long Island, Young created \\\"Blondie\\\". When it debuted September 8, 1930, it quickly became the most popular comic strip in America,\",\n \"title\": \"Chic Young\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2513675\",\n \"text\": \"were noted by their histrionic humor as well for having 12 panels, switching to the standard half-page format in 1986. While the distinctive look and running gags of \\\"Blondie\\\" have been carefully preserved through the decades, a number of details have been altered to keep up with changing times. The Bumstead kitchen, which remained essentially unchanged from the 1930s through the 1960s, has slowly acquired a more modern look (no more legs on the gas range and no more refrigerators shown with the compressor assembly on the top). Dagwood no longer wears a hat when he goes to work, nor\",\n \"title\": \"Blondie (comic strip)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9296671\",\n \"text\": \"(as an infant) in \\\"Blondie's Blessed Event\\\", the eleventh entry in the series. Daisy had pups in the twelfth episode, \\\"Blondie For Victory\\\" (1942). Rounding out the regular supporting cast, character actor Jonathan Hale played Dagwood's irascible boss, J.C. Dithers. The Bumsteads' neighbors, the Woodleys, were oddly missing from the series. Pamela Britton portrayed Blondie in the 1957 TV series opposite Arthur Lake. Patricia Harty had the title role in the 1968 TV series. Neither \\\"Blondie\\\" TV series lasted a full season. \\\"Blondie Goes to Hollywood,\\\" by Carol Lynn Scherling. Albany, 2010. BearManor Media. . Blondie (radio) Blondie is a\",\n \"title\": \"Blondie (radio)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6770579\",\n \"text\": \"Dagwood Bumstead in a CBS television version of the comic strip \\\"Blondie\\\". He travelled to South Africa to appear in \\\"Shangani Patrol\\\" (1970) playing Frederick Russell Burnham. Back in the US, Hutchins guest starred on \\\"Love, American Style\\\", \\\"Emergency!\\\", \\\"Chase\\\", \\\"Movin' On\\\", \\\"The Streets of San Francisco\\\", and \\\"The Quest\\\". He was in \\\"The Horror at 37,000 Feet\\\" (1973), \\\"Slumber Party '57\\\" (1976), and \\\"The Happy Hooker Goes to Washington\\\" (1977). He also began appearing in circuses. Hutchins had roles in \\\"Roar\\\" (1981), \\\"Gunfighter\\\" (1999) and \\\"The Romantics\\\" (2010). Hutchins was married to Chris Burnett, sister of Carol Burnett, with\",\n \"title\": \"Will Hutchins\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17285601\",\n \"text\": \"to erect a new bank building in town. When Dagwood’s boss at the architect firm, George Radcliffe, hears about the contract, he is ecstatic and offers Dagwood a modest raise of $2.50. When Dagwood immediately tell his wife Blondie the good news over the telephone, she mistakes the numbers and believes he has gotten a $250 raise. She tells her friends about the fantastic news, and word gets around that Dagwood has made a fortune on his success. A class reunion is around the corner and Blondie is on the committee planning the festivities. When the rest of the committee,\",\n \"title\": \"Blondie's Holiday\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1642481\",\n \"text\": \"1958. The \\\"Betty Boop\\\" series continues to be a favorite of many critics, and the 1933 \\\"Betty Boop\\\" cartoon \\\"Snow-White\\\" (not to be confused with Disney's film \\\"Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs\\\" (1937)) was selected for preservation by the U.S. Library of Congress in the National Film Registry in 1994. Betty Boop's popularity continues well into present day culture, with references appearing in the comic strip \\\"Doonesbury\\\", where the character B.D.'s busty girlfriend/wife is named \\\"Boopsie\\\" and the animated reality TV spoof \\\"Drawn Together\\\", where Betty is the inspiration for Toot Braunstein. A \\\"Betty Boop\\\" musical is in development\",\n \"title\": \"Betty Boop\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9900845\",\n \"text\": \"woman. One of her more steady radio gigs was on the \\\"Blondie\\\" radio series in the part of Cora Dithers, the domineering wife of Dagwood Bumstead's boss. Allman became a familiar face to television viewers in the 1950s with numerous guest appearances on many programs of the era, usually situation comedies. She made multiple appearances on \\\"I Married Joan\\\", \\\"December Bride\\\", \\\"The Bob Cummings Show\\\", and \\\"The Abbott and Costello Show\\\", and three appearances on \\\"I Love Lucy\\\". In 1957, she reprised her role of Cora Dithers in a short-lived TV adaption of \\\"Blondie\\\". Allman had earlier played the role\",\n \"title\": \"Elvia Allman\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2304518\",\n \"text\": \"childhood, and actor Gene Raymond, and appeared on Broadway in Jack Benny's \\\"The Great Temptations\\\". She also toured in nightclubs and roadshows of plays and musicals. Singleton appeared as a nightclub singer in \\\"After the Thin Man\\\", and was credited at this time as Dorothy McNulty. She was cast opposite Arthur Lake (as Dagwood) in the feature film \\\"Blondie\\\" in 1938, based on the comic strip by Chic Young. They repeated their roles on a radio comedy beginning in 1939 and in guest appearances on other radio shows. As Dagwood and Blondie Bumstead, they proved so popular that a succession\",\n \"title\": \"Penny Singleton\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8472564\",\n \"text\": \"Hollywood to get into the burgeoning film industry. Arthur changed his professional name to Arthur Lake and later achieved great success as \\\"Dagwood Bumstead\\\" in the \\\"Blondie\\\" movie series. Florence was petite, with a high-pitched speaking voice. She perfected a comical singsong delivery that established her in \\\"dumb\\\" roles. She personified flightiness in the Kennedy shorts, as the scatterbrained Mrs. Kennedy. After the series ended upon Kennedy's death in 1948, she continued to play character roles in films and television. Her best-known TV role was Jenny, the Calverton telephone operator in \\\"Lassie\\\". Lake played the role for the entire ten\",\n \"title\": \"Florence Lake\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"657047\",\n \"text\": \"for Public Service. Goldberg serves on the national council advisory board of the National Museum of American Illustration. Goldberg has been married three times — in 1973 to Alvin Martin (divorced in 1979, one daughter); on September 1, 1986 to cinematographer David Claessen (divorced in 1988); and on October 1, 1994 to the union organizer Lyle Trachtenberg (divorced in 1995). She was romantically linked with actors Frank Langella, Timothy Dalton, and Ted Danson, who controversially appeared in blackface during her 1993 Friars Club roast. She has stated that she has no plans to marry again, commenting \\\"Some people are not\",\n \"title\": \"Whoopi Goldberg\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4695573\",\n \"text\": \"(1930). During this early sound film era, he typically played light romantic roles, usually with a comic \\\"Mama's Boy\\\" tone to them, in films such as \\\"Indiscreet\\\" (1931), which starred Gloria Swanson. He also had a substantial part as the bellhop in the 1937 film \\\"Topper\\\". Arthur Lake is best known for portraying the \\\"Blondie\\\" comic strip character of Dagwood Bumstead in twenty-eight Blondie films produced by Columbia Pictures from 1938 to 1950. He was also the voice of Dagwood on the radio series, which ran from 1938 to 1950, earning him a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame\",\n \"title\": \"Arthur Lake (actor)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2513682\",\n \"text\": \"letters, which preceded the title sequence in almost every film. Columbia was careful to maintain continuity, so each picture progressed from where the last one left off. Thus the Bumstead children grew from toddlers to young adults onscreen. Larry Simms played the Bumsteads' son in all the films; his character was originally called Baby Dumpling, and later became Alexander. Marjorie Kent (born Marjorie Ann Mutchie) joined the series in 1943 as daughter Cookie. Daisy had pups in the 12th feature, \\\"Blondie for Victory\\\" (1942). Danny Mummert, who had originally been chosen to play Baby Dumpling, took the continuing role of\",\n \"title\": \"Blondie (comic strip)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2513683\",\n \"text\": \"wiseguy neighbor Alvin Fuddle. Rounding out the regular supporting cast, character actor Jonathan Hale played Dagwood's irascible boss, J.C. Dithers. Hale left the series in 1945 and was succeeded by Jerome Cowan as George M. Radcliffe in \\\"Blondie's Big Moment\\\". In the last film, \\\"Beware of Blondie\\\", the Dithers character returned, played by Edward Earle and shown from the back. The Bumsteads' neighbors, the Woodleys, did not appear in the series until \\\"Beware of Blondie\\\". They were played by Emory Parnell and Isabel Withers. In 1943 Columbia felt the series was slipping, and ended the string with \\\"It's a Great\",\n \"title\": \"Blondie (comic strip)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2513681\",\n \"text\": \"was adapted into a long-running series of 28 low-budget theatrical B-features, produced by Columbia Pictures. Beginning with \\\"Blondie\\\" in 1938, the series lasted 12 years, through \\\"Beware of Blondie\\\" (1950). The two major roles were Penny Singleton as Blondie and Arthur Lake (whose first starring role was another comic strip character, Harold Teen) as Dagwood. Faithfulness to the comic strip was a major concern of the creators of the series. Little touches were added that were iconic to the strip, like the appearance of Dagwood's famous sandwiches—and the running gag of Dagwood colliding with the mailman amid a flurry of\",\n \"title\": \"Blondie (comic strip)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2513687\",\n \"text\": \"of the Earth, starring King Feature's adventure characters) and shown on CBS, with a second special, \\\"Second Wedding Workout\\\", telecast in 1989. Blondie was voiced by Loni Anderson, Dagwood by Frank Welker. Both animated specials are available on the fourth DVD of the \\\"Advantage Cartoon Mega Pack\\\". Both of these specials were paired with other comic strip-based specials; the first special was paired with a special based on \\\"Cathy\\\"; the second one was paired with \\\"Hägar the Horrible\\\". In Video (VHS) In UK: Leisureview Video In 1989. In the episode \\\"Comic Caper\\\" (season six episode six) of Jim Henson's Muppet\",\n \"title\": \"Blondie (comic strip)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1627885\",\n \"text\": \"more domestically, as the wife of Dagwood Bumstead and aunt of Nancy, respectively – were introduced as flappers. Flapper dresses were straight and loose, leaving the arms bare (sometimes no straps at all) and dropping the waistline to the hips. Silk or rayon stockings were held up by garters. Skirts rose to just below the knee by 1927, allowing flashes of leg to be seen when a girl danced or walked through a breeze, although the way they danced made any long loose skirt flap up to show their legs. To enhance the view, some flappers applied rouge to their\",\n \"title\": \"Flapper\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6134526\",\n \"text\": \"Suffolk, at Harrogate College and in Brussels and Paris. She studied at the Royal College of Music, where her piano teacher was Marmaduke Barton (whose wife's maiden name happened also to be Anna Russell). She had a difficult childhood, and particularly a difficult relationship with her mother, who often shipped her off to live with other relatives for some time. Russell was twice married and divorced, first to John Denison and second to artist Charles Goldhamer. In her \\\"Who's Who\\\" entry she described herself as single. In one of Russell's comic routines she said that some of the world's greatest\",\n \"title\": \"Anna Russell\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9670654\",\n \"text\": \"films are often unquestioningly consigned to the B-movie category, but even here there is ambiguity, as scholar James Naremore describes: The most profitable B pictures functioned much like the comic strips in the daily newspapers, showing the continuing adventures of Roy Rogers [Republic], Boston Blackie [Columbia], the Bowery Boys [Warner Bros./Universal], Blondie and Dagwood [Columbia], Charlie Chan [Fox/Monogram], and so on. Even a major studio like MGM [the industry leader from 1931 through 1941] was equipped with a so-called B unit that specialized in these serial productions. At MGM, however, the Andy Hardy, Dr. Kildaire , and Thin Man films\",\n \"title\": \"B movies (Hollywood Golden Age)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1763130\",\n \"text\": \"several boyfriends over the course of the series; his most enduring relationship was with film buff Dudley Butterfield (Chard Hayward). As the series progressed it increasingly focused on comedic characters such as brassy winebar proprietor Norma Whittaker (Sheila Kennelly), and her inventor husband Les (Gordon McDougall), no-nonsense Flo Patterson (Bunney Brooke), and the bookish bumbling Arnold Feather (Jeff Kevin), who proved irresistible to the ladies. Reg and Edie MacDonald (Mike Dorsey and Wendy Blacklock) and their bubbly daughter, Marilyn (Frances Hargreaves), arrived at the start of 1974 as three more comedic characters. One memorable cliffhanger was the explosion in the\",\n \"title\": \"Number 96 (TV series)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1627884\",\n \"text\": \"hair\\\". Despite the scandal flappers generated, their look became fashionable in a toned-down form among respectable older women. Significantly, the flappers removed the corset from female fashion, raised skirt and gown hemlines, and popularized short hair for women. Among actresses closely identified with the style were Tallulah Bankhead, Olive Borden, Clara Bow, Louise Brooks, Joan Crawford, Bebe Daniels, Billie Dove, Leatrice Joy, Helen Kane, Laura La Plante, Dorothy Mackaill, Colleen Moore, Norma Shearer, Norma Talmadge, Olive Thomas, and Alice White. Beginning in the early 1920s, flappers began appearing in newspaper comic strips; Blondie Boopadoop and Fritzi Ritz – later depicted\",\n \"title\": \"Flapper\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20242415\",\n \"text\": \"husband. In 1987, Joan Lee wrote \\\"The Pleasure Palace,\\\" her first novel. Three unpublished novels were found among her possessions. Lee died on July 6, 2017, in Los Angeles from stroke-related complications. She was surrounded by her husband of almost 70 years, and their daughter, Joan. Although multiple sources cited her age as 93 at the time of her death, British birth records show she was, in fact, 95 years old. Joan Boocock Lee Joan Lee (née Boocock; 5 February 1922 – 6 July 2017) was a British-American model and voice actress. She was the wife of comic book writer\",\n \"title\": \"Joan Boocock Lee\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8665241\",\n \"text\": \"Volga Hayworth Volga Margaret Hayworth (August 8, 1897 – January 25, 1945) was an American dancer and vaudevillian under the name Volga Hayworth. A popular showgirl on Broadway, she was the mother of actress Rita Hayworth, who used her mother's maiden name as her professional surname. Hayworth was born on August 8, 1897, in Washington, D.C., the daughter of Allynn Duran Hayworth and Margaret O'Hare. She appeared in the Ziegfeld Follies, met her husband, the Spanish-born dancer Eduardo Cansino in 1916 and married him in 1917. They had three children. She and her husband formed a vaudeville act, \\\"The Dancing\",\n \"title\": \"Volga Hayworth\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"309620\",\n \"text\": \"driver regulations in the private ground transportation industry. Anderson married Tommy Lee, drummer of Mötley Crüe, on February 19, 1995, after knowing him for about 96 hours, or 4 days. They wed on a beach, with Anderson in a bikini. Anderson's mother did not know, and learned of the marriage from \\\"People\\\" magazine. During this time, she was known professionally as Pamela Anderson Lee. They have two sons together: Brandon Thomas (born June 5, 1996) and Dylan Jagger (born December 29, 1997). During their tumultuous marriage, Lee was arrested for spousal abuse after assaulting Anderson. He was sentenced to six\",\n \"title\": \"Pamela Anderson\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5570242\",\n \"text\": \"Dean Young (cartoonist) Dean Wayne Young (born July 2, 1938) is the head writer of the popular comic strip \\\"Blondie\\\", which he inherited from his father Chic Young, who died in 1973. Since then, Dean Young has collaborated on \\\"Blondie\\\" with several artists Jim Raymond (1973–81), Mike Gersher (1981–84), Stan Drake (1984–97) and Denis Lebrun (1997–2005). Currently, \\\"Blondie\\\" is drawn by John Marshall, who works with his assistant Frank Cummings. In 1986, Young talked about his gag situations, his approach to the characters of Blondie and Dagwood and satisfying his readers. He also explained how he could be in Vermont\",\n \"title\": \"Dean Young (cartoonist)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1881997\",\n \"text\": \"he was a choirboy. After he left school, he worked in a bakery and in the Advertising Department of \\\"The Journal of Commerce and Shipping Telegraph\\\". While working at a pirate radio station Radio London he was advised to change his name to avoid legal problems. He adopted the name \\\"Everett\\\" from American film comic actor Edward Everett Horton, a childhood hero. Everett married the singer and psychic Audrey \\\"Lady Lee\\\" Middleton at Kensington Register Office on 2 June 1969. By September 1979, they had separated, and in the mid-1980s, he publicly acknowledged his homosexuality. One of his first boyfriends,\",\n \"title\": \"Kenny Everett\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"744751\",\n \"text\": \"negotiations with RKO. On March 29, 1929, Rogers married for the first time at age 17 to her dancing partner Jack Pepper (real name Edward Jackson Culpepper). They divorced in 1931, having separated soon after the wedding. Ginger dated Mervyn LeRoy in 1932, but they ended the relationship and remained friends until his death in 1987. In 1934, she married actor Lew Ayres (1908–96). They divorced seven years later. In 1943, Rogers married her third husband, Jack Briggs, who was a U.S. Marine. Upon his return from World War II, Briggs showed no interest in continuing his incipient Hollywood career.\",\n \"title\": \"Ginger Rogers\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15401047\",\n \"text\": \"Patricia Harty (actress) Patricia Harty (born November 5, 1941 in Washington, D.C.), also known professionally as Trisha Hart, is an American actress. She is known for her starring roles in several short-lived television series, \\\"Occasional Wife\\\" (1966–67) as Greta Patterson, \\\"Blondie\\\" (1968) as the titular Blondie Bumstead, \\\"The Bob Crane Show\\\" (1975) as Ellie Wilcox and \\\"Herbie, the Love Bug\\\" (1982) as Susan MacLane. She also appeared on Broadway in \\\"Fiorello!\\\" and \\\"Sail Away\\\". Harty married \\\"Occasional Wife\\\" co-star Michael Callan in June 1968. The marriage ended in divorce. She married Les Sheldon, who had been associate producer on \\\"The\",\n \"title\": \"Patricia Harty (actress)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2513685\",\n \"text\": \"radio; the \\\"Blondie\\\" radio program had a long run spanning several networks. Initially a 1939 summer replacement program for \\\"The Eddie Cantor Show\\\" (sponsored by Camel Cigarettes), \\\"Blondie\\\" was heard on CBS until June 1944, when it moved briefly to NBC. Returning to CBS later that year, \\\"Blondie\\\" continued there under a new sponsor (Colgate-Palmolive) until June 1949. In its final season, the series was heard on ABC from October 1949 to July 1950. Two \\\"Blondie\\\" TV sitcoms have been produced to date, each lasting only one season. Blondie and Dagwood made a brief animated appearance in \\\"The Fantastic Funnies\\\",\",\n \"title\": \"Blondie (comic strip)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2154895\",\n \"text\": \"named after Shriver in October 2004. The Maria Shriver rose contains starchy-white blooms and a powerful citrus fragrance. Maria Shriver Maria Owings Shriver (; born November 6, 1955) is an American journalist, author, and former First Lady of California. She is the wife of former Governor of California and actor Arnold Schwarzenegger. She has received a Peabody Award and was co-anchor for NBC's Emmy-winning coverage of the 1988 Summer Olympics. As executive producer of \\\"The Alzheimer's Project\\\", Shriver earned two Emmy Awards and an Academy of Television Arts & Sciences award for developing a \\\"television show with a conscience\\\". She\",\n \"title\": \"Maria Shriver\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8665242\",\n \"text\": \"Cansinos\\\". Volga Hayworth Cansino died in 1945, at the age of 47, from undisclosed causes, in Santa Monica, California. Volga Hayworth Volga Margaret Hayworth (August 8, 1897 – January 25, 1945) was an American dancer and vaudevillian under the name Volga Hayworth. A popular showgirl on Broadway, she was the mother of actress Rita Hayworth, who used her mother's maiden name as her professional surname. Hayworth was born on August 8, 1897, in Washington, D.C., the daughter of Allynn Duran Hayworth and Margaret O'Hare. She appeared in the Ziegfeld Follies, met her husband, the Spanish-born dancer Eduardo Cansino in 1916\",\n \"title\": \"Volga Hayworth\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17703\",\n \"text\": \"in his bodybuilding days, \\\"Arnie\\\" during his acting career, and \\\"The Governator\\\" (a portmanteau of \\\"Governor\\\" and \\\"Terminator\\\") during his political career. Schwarzenegger married Maria Shriver, a niece of the 35th U.S. President John F. Kennedy and daughter of the 1972 Democratic vice presidential candidate and former Ambassador to France Sargent Shriver, in 1986. They separated in 2011 after he admitted to having fathered a child with another woman in 1997. Arnold Alois Schwarzenegger was born on July 30, 1947, in Thal, Styria, to Aurelia (\\\"née\\\" Jadrny) and Gustav Schwarzenegger. His father was the local chief of police and had\",\n \"title\": \"Arnold Schwarzenegger\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11038063\",\n \"text\": \"Leo Dryden George Dryden Wheeler Sr. (6 June 1863 – 21 April 1939), known as Leo Dryden, was an English music hall singer and vocal comic. George Dryden Wheeler was born in London, the son of Sarah Ann (Frost) and George Kingman Wheeler. In 1892, he met music hall performer Hannah Chaplin (stage name Lily Harley), whose young son Charlie would become a leading actor, comedian, and director. They had an affair and a son, George Dryden Wheeler Jr ., leading to the breakdown of her marriage to Charles Chaplin Sr. The couple split up and Dryden kept his son,\",\n \"title\": \"Leo Dryden\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11975100\",\n \"text\": \"Stewart Show\\\" in 1972. She is retired from television and film but still makes personal appearances arranged through her website. Born in Hollywood, California, Culpepper is the daughter of entertainer Jack Pepper (Edward Jackson Culpepper, 1902–1979), and Pepper's second wife, Dawn. Her father was previously married to Ginger Rogers. Pepper has been married twice. Her first marriage was in 1960 to a man named Mervyn; the marriage came to an end in 1968. Her second marriage was to James Pazillo in 1969; their marriage lasted until 1996. Pepper has one son, Michael (b. 1965), and resides in Las Vegas, Nevada.\",\n \"title\": \"Cynthia Pepper\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20242410\",\n \"text\": \"Joan Boocock Lee Joan Lee (née Boocock; 5 February 1922 – 6 July 2017) was a British-American model and voice actress. She was the wife of comic book writer Stan Lee, whom she met in New York City in the 1940s while working as a hat model. In her later years, Lee became a voice actress and appeared in the \\\"Spider-Man\\\" and \\\"Fantastic Four\\\" animated series in the 1990s. Kevin Smith referred to Joan as “Stan’s personal superhero” and “Marvel Muse”. Joan Boocock's birth was registered in the first quarter of 1922 in Castle Ward Rural District (now part of\",\n \"title\": \"Joan Boocock Lee\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7476519\",\n \"text\": \"series \\\"Young, Hot and Talented\\\" for Channel 5. Taylor opened her own hair and beauty salon 'Taylor Made' in London in March 2011. In 2016 Taylor returned to \\\"Hollyoaks\\\" after an 18-year absence. Taylor's father, Alan Murphy, a multi-millionaire, ran the AM Paper toilet roll factory in Skelmersdale. Taylor has frequently been featured in the British tabloid press, as part of the Primrose Hill set with Sadie Frost (actress and ex-wife of Jude Law), and supermodel Kate Moss. Davinia Taylor Davinia Taylor (born Davinia Murphy on 11 November 1977) is an English actress, socialite and interior designer, best known for\",\n \"title\": \"Davinia Taylor\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15356702\",\n \"text\": \"in the 1920s and, in 1931, founded the prominent New York law partnership of Debevoise, Stevenson, Plimpton and Page, now Debevoise & Plimpton L.L.P. At the Paris Olympics, Stevenson ran the last leg in the American 4 × 400 metres relay team, which won the gold medal with a new world record of 3.16.0. His teammates were Commodore Cochran, Alan Helffrich and Oliver MacDonald. During the World War II, Stevenson and his wife, Eleanor \\\"Bumpie\\\" Bumstead Stevenson, a 1923 graduate of Smith College, organized and administered American Red Cross operations in Great Britain, North Africa, Sicily, and Italy. Both he\",\n \"title\": \"William Stevenson (athlete)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15401048\",\n \"text\": \"Bob Crane Show\\\", in 1975. Patricia Harty (actress) Patricia Harty (born November 5, 1941 in Washington, D.C.), also known professionally as Trisha Hart, is an American actress. She is known for her starring roles in several short-lived television series, \\\"Occasional Wife\\\" (1966–67) as Greta Patterson, \\\"Blondie\\\" (1968) as the titular Blondie Bumstead, \\\"The Bob Crane Show\\\" (1975) as Ellie Wilcox and \\\"Herbie, the Love Bug\\\" (1982) as Susan MacLane. She also appeared on Broadway in \\\"Fiorello!\\\" and \\\"Sail Away\\\". Harty married \\\"Occasional Wife\\\" co-star Michael Callan in June 1968. The marriage ended in divorce. She married Les Sheldon, who had\",\n \"title\": \"Patricia Harty (actress)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6356874\",\n \"text\": \"(2014), which is loosely based on her short romance with Salinger in the 1940s. Notes References Oona O'Neill Oona O'Neill Chaplin, Lady Chaplin (14 May 1925 – 27 September 1991) was the daughter of Nobel and Pulitzer-Prize-winning Irish-American playwright Eugene O'Neill and English-born writer Agnes Boulton, and the fourth and last wife of English actor and filmmaker Charlie Chaplin. O'Neill's parents divorced when she was four years old, after which she was raised by her mother in Point Pleasant, New Jersey, and rarely saw her father. She first came to the public eye during her time at the Brearley School\",\n \"title\": \"Oona O'Neill\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17097653\",\n \"text\": \"Madoff investment scandal. In 2015, U.S. Marshals auctioned 420 lots of assets belonging to Shana Madoff and her father Peter, pursuant to a court order. Shana Diane Madoff was born in Queens, New York, in 1967, and grew up in Woodbury on the North Shore of Long Island. She graduated from the University of Michigan in 1992, and from Fordham Law School in 1995. In 1997 she married Scott Skoller, a men's clothing store manager from Roslyn, New York, and changed her name to Shana Skoller. Together they had a daughter, Rebecca, before divorcing. In 2007, she married Eric Swanson,\",\n \"title\": \"Shana Madoff\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16203293\",\n \"text\": \"to Batterson, the former owner of the house. The clip also says that Eric claims to be the rightful heir to the estate and the house. When Blondie hears about this she regrets that she asked for servants in the first place. Dagwood sets out to catch Eric, and succeeds just in time to prevent the man from stabbing his own wife Blondie in the back. When the press hears about the events that lead to Eric’s capture, they name Dagwood a hero, and he finally gets his raise from his boss. Blondie Has Servant Trouble Blondie Has Servant Trouble\",\n \"title\": \"Blondie Has Servant Trouble\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16216166\",\n \"text\": \"The household is falling apart, and the same goes for all the other households in the neighborhood. The other husbands are experiencing very similar situations. they blame Blondie for all this, since she is the one who started the ”Housewives of America”. They go to Dagwood and demand that he acts to put an end to the commotion, and get his wife to dissolve the group entirely. in another different turn of events, Dagwood’s boss, J.C. Dithers, has been thrown out of his home, which is to be used by a delegation of soldiers visiting the area. Dithers flees the\",\n \"title\": \"Blondie for Victory\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11143040\",\n \"text\": \"directors of the Boys & Girls Club of Mount Vernon. On November 7, 2017, he emceed the Boys and Girls Clubs Future Leaders Gala at The Beverly Hilton in Beverly Hills, CA. In 2007, Smoove married singer Shahidah Omar. They have one daughter and live in Los Angeles. He shortened his name, Jerry Brooks, to \\\"J. B.\\\" and added \\\"Smoove\\\" as his last name when he began performing stand-up comedy. He is a fan of the New York Yankees and the New Orleans Saints. J. B. Smoove Jerry Angelo Brooks (born December 16, 1964), is an American actor, writer, comedian\",\n \"title\": \"J. B. Smoove\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20408384\",\n \"text\": \"commissioned Andy Warhol to make a portrait of her dachshund Maurice. Beginning in the 1950s, Keiller became involved with several arts institutions. From 1956 to approximately 1970, Keiller assisted Rupert Bruce-Mitford in a study of the burial ship Sutton Hoo, taking photographs of the site. She volunteered at the Tate from 1976 to 1987, where she was known as the \\\"Marmalade Queen.\\\" From 1978 to 1985, she was a member of the Scottish National Gallery of Modern Art advisory committee. Keiller's second husband was Charles R. Style, a brewery manager. They divorced in 1950. In 1951, she married her third\",\n \"title\": \"Gabrielle Keiller\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"61114\",\n \"text\": \"some positive reviews, \\\"Limelight\\\" was subjected to a wide-scale boycott. Reflecting on this, Maland writes that Chaplin's fall, from an \\\"unprecedented\\\" level of popularity, \\\"may be the most dramatic in the history of stardom in America\\\". Chaplin did not attempt to return to the United States after his re-entry permit was revoked, and instead sent his wife to settle his affairs. The couple decided to settle in Switzerland and, in January 1953, the family moved into their permanent home: Manoir de Ban, a estate overlooking Lake Geneva in Corsier-sur-Vevey. Chaplin put his Beverly Hills house and studio up for sale\",\n \"title\": \"Charlie Chaplin\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2523769\",\n \"text\": \"Nicole Brown Simpson Nicole Brown Simpson (May 19, 1959 – June 12, 1994) was the German-American wife of retired professional football player and actor O. J. Simpson and the mother of their two children, Sydney and Justin. She was found murdered at her home in Brentwood, Los Angeles, California, USA on June 13, 1994, along with her friend, 25-year-old American restaurant waiter Ron Goldman. Simpson was charged with both murders; after a controversial and highly-publicized criminal trial, Simpson was acquitted in 1995, but found liable for both deaths in a civil suit in 1997 and ordered to pay $33.5 million\",\n \"title\": \"Nicole Brown Simpson\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"114480\",\n \"text\": \"Switzerland. On 24 April 1992, Bowie married Somali-American model Iman in a private ceremony in Lausanne. The wedding was later solemnised on 6 June in Florence. They had one daughter, Alexandria \\\"Lexi\\\" Zahra Jones, born in August 2000. The couple resided primarily in New York City and London, as well as owning an apartment in Sydney's Elizabeth Bay. and Britannia Bay House on the island of Mustique, now renamed Mandalay Estate. Bowie declared himself gay in an interview with Michael Watts for a 1972 issue of \\\"Melody Maker\\\", coinciding with his campaign for stardom as Ziggy Stardust. According to Buckley,\",\n \"title\": \"David Bowie\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18383617\",\n \"text\": \"The Middle (season 6) The sixth season of the television comedy series \\\"The Middle\\\" began airing on September 24, 2014, on ABC in the United States. It is produced by Blackie and Blondie Productions and Warner Bros. Television with series creators DeAnn Heline and Eileen Heisler as executive producers. The show features Frances \\\"Frankie\\\" Heck (Patricia Heaton), a working-class, Midwestern woman married to Mike Heck (Neil Flynn) who resides in the small fictional town of Orson, Indiana. They are the parents of three children, Axl (Charlie McDermott), Sue (Eden Sher), and Brick (Atticus Shaffer). On May 8, 2014, ABC renewed\",\n \"title\": \"The Middle (season 6)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11681982\",\n \"text\": \"Harold Hamgravy Harold Hamgravy, better known as Ham Gravy, is an American comics character from the \\\"Thimble Theatre\\\" (later \\\"Popeye\\\") series, created in 1919 by Elzie Segar. Hamgravy was the original fiancé of the better-known character Olive Oyl, but was often attracted to other women who were considerably wealthy. Hamgravy was depicted as a slacker who preferred getting rich quick rather than earning money honestly. In a later strip, Hamgravy hired a sailor named Popeye to man his ship for a treasure hunt. Intended as a minor supporting character, Popeye proved so popular with readers that he was made a\",\n \"title\": \"Harold Hamgravy\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15406958\",\n \"text\": \"of the way. The young couple that picks them up, Millie and Charlie, are on their way to get married and elope together, without their parents' consents. The Bumsteads have to accompany the young couple to court and the wedding ceremony, but the wedding is interrupted by Millie's father, Mr Tucker, storming in with a shotgun. Mr Tucker then takes the car, with Dagwood, his son and their dog still in it, and drives off. Charlie is forced to take Blondie to Aunt Hannah's ranch, and in she encourages him to have another go at marrying Millie and elop. unfortunately\",\n \"title\": \"Blondie Plays Cupid\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13976490\",\n \"text\": \"for violating his probation for the 1999 theft, after he was arrested on battery charges involving his then-wife, Joanna Ferrell. He was again twice arrested on charges of battery against Ferrell in 2004, and that same year, he filed for divorce under the name John W. Ferrell, which he had been using during his marriage with Ferrell. In 2014, he was severely injured when he broke his neck in a vehicular accident in Buffalo, New York. After the trial, Lorena attempted to keep a low profile and reverted to the use of her maiden name, Gallo. In December 1997, she\",\n \"title\": \"John and Lorena Bobbitt\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14165361\",\n \"text\": \"Blonde (film) Blonde is a 2001 American made-for-television biographical film on the life of Marilyn Monroe, with Australian actress Poppy Montgomery in the lead role. The film was adapted from Joyce Carol Oates´s 2001 Pulitzer Prize finalist novel of the same name. A fictional biography of Marilyn Monroe mixed with a series of real events in her life. With glimpses into her childhood years, teenaged marriage to first husband James Dougherty, meeting with photographer Otto Ose, career with 20th Century Fox, relationship with her mother, her foster parents, Charles Chaplin Jr. (Cass), Edward G. Robinson Jr. (Eddie G), and her\",\n \"title\": \"Blonde (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2713926\",\n \"text\": \"City, the third child of Rose (née Stern 1867-1941), a Hungarian-Jewish woman who emigrated to America at age ten, and Alsatian immigrant Charles Borach. The Borachs were saloon owners and had four children: Phillip, born in 1887; Carrie, born in 1889; Fania, born in 1891; and Louis, born in 1893. Under the name Lew Brice, her younger brother also became an entertainer and was the first husband of actress Mae Clarke. In 1908, Brice dropped out of school to work in a burlesque revue, \\\"The Girls from Happy Land Starring Sliding Billy Watson\\\". Two years later she began her association\",\n \"title\": \"Fanny Brice\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4183499\",\n \"text\": \"claimed that the accident left him severely disabled and he had to utilize a wheelchair and crutches for the remainder of his life. In 1962, he attempted suicide after a heavy drinking binge. Beckett was married three times and had one child. He married professional tennis player Beverly Baker on September 28, 1949, in Las Vegas. She was granted a divorce in June 1950. His second marriage was to model and actress Sunny Vickers. They married in 1951 and had one son, Scott Jr., before divorcing in 1957. In 1961, he married Margaret C. Sabo; she remained with him until\",\n \"title\": \"Scotty Beckett\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2513672\",\n \"text\": \"situation structured into the strip for so many decades. Dagwood is the office manager at the office of the J. C. Dithers Construction Company under his dictatorial boss, Julius Caesar Dithers. Mr. Dithers is a \\\"sawed-off, tin pot Napoleon\\\" who is always abusing his employees, both verbally and physically. He frequently threatens to fire Dagwood when Dagwood inevitably botches or does not finish his work, sleeps on the job, comes in late, or pesters Dithers for a raise. Dithers characteristically responds by kicking Dagwood in the backside and ordering him back to work. The tyrannical Dithers is lord and master\",\n \"title\": \"Blondie (comic strip)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10269343\",\n \"text\": \"Victoria Sellers Victoria Sellers (born 20 January 1965) is a British model, actress, comedian and jewellery designer. Born in London, Sellers attended Lycée Français de Los Angeles in West Los Angeles and Crossroads School for Arts and Sciences in the class of 1981. She became friends with the \\\"Hollywood Madam\\\" Heidi Fleiss in their teens. She is the only child from the marriage of actor Peter Sellers and actress Britt Ekland. A letter auctioned in 2010, one of the last documents signed by her father before his death, indicates that he was trying to increase the amount of money to\",\n \"title\": \"Victoria Sellers\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17762570\",\n \"text\": \"and an actress, Marr served as a talent spotter. She discovered Tommy Chong, Cheech Marin, Pat Morita, and Sam Kinison. Sally Marr died on December 14, 1997, about two weeks shy of her 91st birthday, in Los Angeles. She was survived by her granddaughter, Kitty Bruce, the daughter of Lenny Bruce and his ex-wife Honey Harlow. Sally Marr Sally Marr (December 30, 1906 – December 14, 1997) was a stand-up comic, dancer, actress and talent spotter who is best known as being the mother of legendary and seminal comic Lenny Bruce, whose act she influenced. Born Sadie Kitchenberg in Jamaica,\",\n \"title\": \"Sally Marr\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17285602\",\n \"text\": \"including bigmouth housewife Cynthia Thompson and Paul Madison, who were Dagwood’s highschool suitor, hears about Dagwood’s fortune, they suggest he pay the bill of $400 for the fancy dinner at the reunion. Blondie has no choice but to accept to defend Dagwood’s honor. Dagwood panics when he hears what Blondie has promised in his name, and starts a desperate search for money to pay for the dinner he can’t afford. He sees no other alternative than to try to gamble up the money on the horse race track. He talks to a gambling expert named Pete Brody to learn how\",\n \"title\": \"Blondie's Holiday\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10678568\",\n \"text\": \"more famously acerbic W.C. Fields, with whom he established a lifelong friendship. Sutherland's last directing assignment was working on the \\\"Mack & Myer for Hire\\\" TV comedies with Joey Faye and Mickey Deans for Sandy Howard TV Productions and Trans-Lux Television in 1965. (Info can be found at www.tvparty.com.) Sutherland was married five times. Among his wives were Marjorie Daw (from 1923 to 1925) and Louise Brooks (from July 1926 to June 1928). He and Brooks met on the set of \\\"It's the Old Army Game\\\", which he directed and which also co-starred his aunt Blanche Ring. Brooks and Sutherland\",\n \"title\": \"A. Edward Sutherland\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2764138\",\n \"text\": \"the Apollo Medical Center in St. Petersburg, Florida, in 1973 at age 72. He had been in ill health for some time, remaining near his home in Clearwater, FL. \\\"Blondie\\\" is currently written by Chic Young's son, Dean Young, and illustrated by John Marshall with his assistant Frank Cummings. Chic Young received the National Cartoonists Society's Reuben Award for \\\"Blondie\\\" in 1948, only one of many awards. Chic Young Murat Bernard \\\"Chic\\\" Young (January 9, 1901March 14, 1973) was an American cartoonist who created the comic strip \\\"Blondie\\\". His 1919 \\\"William McKinley High School Yearbook\\\" cites his nickname as Chicken,\",\n \"title\": \"Chic Young\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3017978\",\n \"text\": \"still existed between Lee and Neil, as Lee felt that the band had been going in a backward direction since Neil rejoined the group. Lee was also having domestic problems with his wife, model Pamela Anderson, which, after an altercation following an argument, led to him serving time in jail. During this time, Mötley Crüe and Elektra Records severed their 17-year relationship together, with Mötley Crüe gaining full ownership of its music catalog and publishing rights. The break with Elektra allowed the group to form its own label, Mötley Records, to release future projects on. Lee's legal problems forced the\",\n \"title\": \"New Tattoo\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4567168\",\n \"text\": \"Williams and was engaged to former Middlesbrough attacker Jérémie Aliadière. She was briefly married to restaurateur Richard Palmer – ex-husband of Raquel Welch, and is now divorced. In 2014, Dowding uploaded a photo of herself dressed as a murdered Native American chief. This was considered extremely offensive by \\\"Indian Country Today News\\\". Leilani Dowding Leilani Dowding (born 30 January 1980) is an English former \\\"Page 3\\\" girl, glamour model, television celebrity, and the UK representative at Miss Universe 1998. Dowding grew up in Bournemouth, and has a younger sister Melanie. They were brought up Roman Catholic by their Filipina mother\",\n \"title\": \"Leilani Dowding\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1415812\",\n \"text\": \"Dandy Nichols Dandy Nichols (born Daisy Sander; 21 May 1907 – 6 February 1986) was an English actress best known for her role as Else Garnett, the long-suffering wife of the racially bigoted and misogynistic character Alf Garnett in the BBC sitcom \\\"Till Death Us Do Part\\\". Born Daisy Sander in Fulham, London, she started her working life as a secretary in a London factory. Twelve years later, after drama, diction and fencing classes, she was spotted in a charity show by a producer, who offered her a job in his repertory theatre company in Cambridge. During her early career\",\n \"title\": \"Dandy Nichols\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"compressed_ctxs_1":{"kind":"string","value":"{\n \"compressed_prompt\": \"Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\\n\\ntitle: Dagwood Bumstead context: Dagwood Bumstead Dagwood Bumstead is main character in cartoonist Chic Young's long-running comic strip \\\"Blondie\\\". He first appeared some time before 17 February 1933. He was originally heir to the Bumstead Locomotive fortune but was disowned when he married a flapper (originally known as Blondie Boopadoop) whom his family saw as below his class. He has since worked hard at J. C. Dithers & Company (currently as the construction company's office manager) to support his family. The Bumsteads' first baby, Alexander, was originally named Baby Dumpling. The name of his younger sister, Cookie, was chosen by readers in a\\n\\nWhat was the maiden name of Blondie Bumstead, the comic-strip wife of hapless Dagwood Bumstead?\",\n \"compressed_tokens\": 219,\n \"origin_tokens\": 220,\n \"ratio\": \"1.0x\",\n \"saving\": \", Saving $0.0 in GPT-4.\"\n}"},"compressed_ctxs_100":{"kind":"string","value":"{\n \"compressed_prompt\": \"Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\\n\\ntitle: Blond Has Servant Trouble context: to Batterson, the former owner of the house. The clip also says that Eric claims to be the rightful heir to the estate and the house. When Blondie hears about this she regrets that she asked for servants in the first place. Dagwood sets out to catch Eric, and succeeds just in time to prevent the man from stabbing his own wife Blondie in the back. When the press hears about the events that lead to Eric’s capture, they name Dagwood a hero, and he finally gets his raise from his boss. Blondie Has Servant Trouble Blondie Has Servant Trouble\\n\\ntitle: Blondie (comic strip context popular by K's 198 song \\\"I Wanna Be Loved by.\\\" On February 17, 13 much fanfare build-up Blond Dagwood were After-and-a-half-long hunger by Dag to blessing they strongly disapproved of marry his class,inherited only with check to pay for honeymoon, the Bumsteads were forced to become a middle-class suburban family marriage was a significant media event, the comic strip's popularity The for University Florida's 25 exhibition,75 Years of Blondie 1–2005,\\\" notes \\\"Dagwood\\n: Pennyleton context Singleton Singbornnaothy Letit McN1908 – November12 203) was an American 60year career appeared as the comic-stripineie a 28 pictures from1 until 10 and the popularie program from19 until leton also provided ofson the animated series For to radio the motionpicture, in0 was hon with stars ased to the Hollywood Walk Fame.\\nays: so happy that he to Charlie daughter holiday at the hospital, in peace and quiet. Blondie Plays Cupid Blondie Plays Cupid is a 1940 American comedy film starring Penny Singleton and Arthur Lake and directed by Frank R. Strayer. Also in the cast is Glenn Ford. It is the seventh of the 28 \\\"Blondie\\\" films Dagwood Bumstead has been caught possessing illegal fireworks and now he tries to make up for this by taking his wife Blondie to Aunt Hannah's ranch for 4\\n\\nWhat was the maiden name of Blondie Bumstead, the comic-strip wife of hapless Dagwood Bumstead?\",\n \"compressed_tokens\": 500,\n \"origin_tokens\": 15438,\n \"ratio\": \"30.9x\",\n \"saving\": \", Saving $0.9 in GPT-4.\"\n}"}}},{"rowIdx":283,"cells":{"id":{"kind":"number","value":283,"string":"283"},"question":{"kind":"string","value":"Whose autobiography is entitled The Wheel of Fortune?"},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["The answer is not Vanna White, who was only eight years old when the book was published in 1965. Its author was French singer Edith Piaf"],"string":"[\n \"The answer is not Vanna White, who was only eight years old when the book was published in 1965. Its author was French singer Edith Piaf\"\n]","isConversational":false},"target":{"kind":"string","value":"The answer is not Vanna White, who was only eight years old when the book was published in 1965. Its author was French singer Edith Piaf"},"ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"id":"19505581","text":"away from a congenital cardiac defect, and his nephew Robin falls to his death through a window. In the immediate aftermath of this, John caves in to his \"inappropriate\" feelings for his housekeeper's sister, Bronwen. He resumes his business life in London with his brother Edmund and falls under the spell of a powerful American millionaire, Armstrong. He's given a choice, marry Constance Armstrong, his American employer's daughter and advance his family's commercial and social standing, or follow his heart and spend the rest of his life with the working-class Welshwoman Bronwen, who is, he feels, the only person who","title":"The Wheel of Fortune (novel)"},{"id":"19505573","text":"The Wheel of Fortune (novel) \"The Wheel of Fortune\" (1984) is a novel by Susan Howatch and recounts the trials and tribulations of a fictitious British family, the Godwins, who appear to be part of the minor aristocracy. As the title of the novel and Boethius' comments on Fortune as printed on the first page of the very first part suggest, defying the ravages of time and fate forms a central theme to this novel, where the six primary characters seek to challenge fate or to make their own destinies regardless of the social norms or circumstances of the time.","title":"The Wheel of Fortune (novel)"},{"id":"19505591","text":"Gaunt) and Henry IV's eldest son King Henry V. The Wheel of Fortune (novel) \"The Wheel of Fortune\" (1984) is a novel by Susan Howatch and recounts the trials and tribulations of a fictitious British family, the Godwins, who appear to be part of the minor aristocracy. As the title of the novel and Boethius' comments on Fortune as printed on the first page of the very first part suggest, defying the ravages of time and fate forms a central theme to this novel, where the six primary characters seek to challenge fate or to make their own destinies regardless","title":"The Wheel of Fortune (novel)"},{"id":"5686415","text":"a wide variety of bass guitars. He at various times owned a good selection of Fender Precisions, a Danelectro Longhorn and a Wal bass. After Costello's initial split with the Attractions in 1987, Thomas recorded with such other artists as Billy Bragg, John Wesley Harding, and Suzanne Vega. In 1990 he released his first book \"The Big Wheel\", a memoir in which the key characters are recognizable without ever being identified by name. Costello, for instance, is called \"the singer.\" Apparently annoyed by his depiction in the book, Costello responded with the song \"How To Be Dumb\" on his album","title":"Bruce Thomas"},{"id":"19505574","text":"The book's main events all revolve around a stately Georgian era home named Oxmoon, and are set on the Gower Peninsula in Wales, spanning a period of over forty years in which the owners of Oxmoon all have to face immense challenges, financial hardship and even personal tragedy. The book is divided into six parts, each one based on the point-of-view of several characters, namely: Upon the death of her husband Conor, Ginevra decides to leave New York City, entrust her young children to her late husband's family from Ireland, and return to Wales to stay with her childhood friend,","title":"The Wheel of Fortune (novel)"},{"id":"6545503","text":"Lady Carbury writes a novel entitled \"The Wheel of Fortune\" about a heroine who suffers great financial hardships. Selections from the \"Carmina Burana\", including the two poems quoted above, were set to new music by twentieth-century classical composer Carl Orff, whose well-known \"O Fortuna\" is based on the poem \"Fortuna Imperatrix Mundi\". Fortuna does occasionally turn up in modern literature, although these days she has become more or less synonymous with Lady Luck. Her Wheel is less widely used as a symbol, and has been replaced largely by a reputation for fickleness. She is often associated with gamblers, and dice","title":"Rota Fortunae"},{"id":"19505575","text":"the lawyer and politician Robert Godwin (who is also heir presumptive to the Godwin family estate, Oxmoon). Robert, who usually prizes logical thinking, willpower and level-headedness, initially expresses annoyance and worry with his feelings for Ginevra (which are mutually reciprocated), but eventually gives in. As Robert and Ginevra revive their childhood relationship and eventually consummate it, he then decides to marry Ginevra but the marriage is vehemently opposed by his mother Margaret, and Robert soon learns why when he discovers several dark secrets in his family revolving around his father Bobby and his grandmother. Bobby killed his mother's lover, Owen","title":"The Wheel of Fortune (novel)"},{"id":"19505582","text":"knows his true self. John marries Constance but finds his marriage emotionally unsatisfying, so after finding out he has fathered a child with Bronwen, he leaves Constance, choosing love and ostracism over profit and respectability. He struggles socially while making his living through market farming with Thomas' help. The supportive Bronwen convinces John do the right thing, to relinquish his personal claim to Oxmoon, and to help aid his nephew Kester to succeed Bobby as master of Oxmoon, now that both Robert and Bobby are dying. Home-schooled by Ginevra and living a somewhat sheltered life in a house with a","title":"The Wheel of Fortune (novel)"},{"id":"19505584","text":"Oxmoon. Once Ginevra dies, Kester comes into his inheritance, but is an incurable romantic who prefers writing over farming, choosing to invest money in indulging his taste for art and sculpture rather than properly running the estate, much to the disgust of his uncle Thomas, and evoking the envy of his cousin Harry, John's son . Harry's jealousy stems from the fact Harry felt that his father should have inherited Oxmoon instead of Ginevra and Kester. Kester's relationship with Thomas becomes more heated and violent when he marries Anna, a German Jew on the run from Hitler's Nazi regime. With","title":"The Wheel of Fortune (novel)"},{"id":"13515921","text":"George Cranmer. He was also introduced to John Churchman, a distinguished London merchant who became Master of the Merchant Taylors Company. It was at this time, according to his first biographer Walton, that Hooker made the \"fatal mistake\" of marrying his landlady's daughter, Jean Churchman. As Walton put it: \"There is a wheel within a wheel; a secret sacred wheel of Providence (most visible in marriages), guided by His hand that allows not the race to the swift nor bread to the wise, nor good wives to good men: and He that can bring good out of evil (for mortals","title":"Richard Hooker"},{"id":"3322728","text":"about her life at St George's Hall, Liverpool as part of the city's Homotopia festival on 15 November 2008, and on 18 February 2009 at the South Bank Centre. She lives in Fulham, South West London. \"April Ashley's Odyssey\", a biography by Duncan Fallowell, was published in 1982. In 2006, Ashley released her autobiography \"The First Lady\" and made TV appearances on Channel Five News, This Morning and BBC News. In one interview, she said, \"This is the real story and contains a lot of things I just couldn't say in 1982\", including alleged affairs with Michael Hutchence, Peter O'Toole,","title":"April Ashley"},{"id":"19505583","text":"dying father and a sainted deceased older brother, Kester Godwin survives an awkward adolescence to become an author. His recollections reveal that he has inherited his mother's emotional intensity, her propensity for melodrama and sensual excess, as well as Robert's competitive spirit and obsessive nature, leaving Kester with a manipulative streak that becomes more apparent in Harry and Hal's stories. Upon his father's passing, Kester's Uncle John, whose brave romantic decision made him a hero in Ginevra's eyes, makes good his promise to the now deceased Robert and attempts to help Kester prepare for his role as the master of","title":"The Wheel of Fortune (novel)"},{"id":"17209781","text":"Western Australian Transport Board, retiring in 1952. As a soldier, in World War I he was awarded the Military Cross, and commanded the 9th Field Company in 1917-18. In World War II he was posted to Army Headquarters, Melbourne; as colonel, then brigadier, he occupied senior engineering staff posts. In retirement, he wrote an autobiography, The Turning Wheel (1960). His parents were Frederick Slade Drake-Brockman and Grace Bussell. He had four sisters and two brothers, including Major General Edmund Drake-Brockman (1884-1949) and Lady Deborah Vernon Hackett (1887-1965). In 1917 he married Alice Annie Wardlaw Milne in Hertfordshire, England. She died","title":"Geoffrey Drake-Brockman (engineer)"},{"id":"10085960","text":"know what this was used for?\" In two particularly memorable programmes (\"Horsemen\" and \"The Harvest\" directed by Geoffrey Weaver), Weaver assembled teams of men - some in their eighties - to demonstrate their now-lost skills with horses and in the fields. In his autobiography, Full Circle, Joice wrote that he ‘...was born with a naturally acquisitive and inquisitive nature, always wanting to find out how things worked and where they came from;’ and his own collection of bygone agricultural and domestic items was enormous. In 1979 this lifetime collection came to rest in the old stable block at Holkham Hall","title":"Dick Joice"},{"id":"3925658","text":"Nicky Campbell Nicholas Andrew Argyll Campbell, OBE (born Nicholas Lackey, 10 April 1961) is a Scottish radio and television presenter and journalist. He has presented the BBC Radio 5 Live breakfast programme since 2003, BBC One's Sunday morning show \"The Big Questions\" since 2007, and \"Long Lost Family\" on ITV since 2011. He presented the game show \"Wheel of Fortune\" from 1988 until 1996, and the consumer affairs programme \"Watchdog\" from 2001 to 2009. Campbell was born in Edinburgh and adopted at four days old. He was educated at the independent school Edinburgh Academy. His adoptive mother was a psychiatric","title":"Nicky Campbell"},{"id":"19505577","text":"and Ginevra stay together as husband and wife in London (where Robert has his practice as a lawyer), eventually having two sons of their own together, Robin and Kester. The First World War breaks out, and with it, the first of several family tragedies befalls the Godwin family. Robert's brothers Lionel and Edmund are sent to France, where Lionel is killed in action and Edmund is left psychologically maimed, leaving Robert broken and despondent. He takes up mountaineering, and goes off by himself periodically, leaving a bored and slightly paranoid Ginevra alone in their rural setting, with uncomfortable relations with","title":"The Wheel of Fortune (novel)"},{"id":"19505590","text":"the auspices of the National Trust. Shortly after the inauguration ceremony, the Godwin family enjoys one last dance in Oxmoon's now restored ballroom before closing for the night. Howatch acknowledges that this novel is in fact a re-creation in a modern form of the story of the Plantagenet family of Edward III of England, the modern characters being created from those of his eldest son Edward of Woodstock (\"The Black Prince\") and his wife Joan of Kent, John of Gaunt and his mistress, later wife, Katherine Swynford, Richard II (son of Edward of Woodstock), Henry IV (son of John of","title":"The Wheel of Fortune (novel)"},{"id":"5914189","text":"of U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt. After completing his term in the Senate, he returned to the practice of law. All the while, from 1905 until his death, he was a director of the Farmers' Bank of Delaware. Hughes was married to Caroline Taylor. Their great-granddaughter is actress Perrey Reeves. Hughes died at Lewes and is buried in the Lakeside Methodist Episcopal Cemetery at Dover. His home, Wheel of Fortune, was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1973. Elections are held the first Tuesday after November 1. U.S. Senators are popularly elected and take office January 3","title":"James H. Hughes"},{"id":"6545491","text":"Rota Fortunae In medieval and ancient philosophy the Wheel of Fortune, or Rota Fortunae, is a symbol of the capricious nature of Fate. The wheel belongs to the goddess Fortuna (Greek equivalent Tyche) who spins it at random, changing the positions of those on the wheel: some suffer great misfortune, others gain windfalls. Fortune appears on all paintings as a woman, sometimes blindfolded, \"puppeteering\" a wheel. The origin of the word is from the \"wheel of fortune\" - the zodiac, referring to the Celestial spheres of which the 8th holds the stars, and the 9th is where the signs of","title":"Rota Fortunae"},{"id":"4675572","text":"the 'theft' of sharing copyrighted works online, solemnly intoning that 'the law is the law.' So is a theft not a theft when the victim is the public, and not a private copyright holder?\" Autobiography of Mark Twain The Autobiography of Mark Twain refers to a lengthy set of reminiscences, dictated, for the most part, in the last few years of American author Mark Twain's life and left in typescript and manuscript at his death. The \"Autobiography\" comprises a rambling collection of anecdotes and ruminations rather than a conventional autobiography. Twain never compiled these writings and dictations into a publishable","title":"Autobiography of Mark Twain"},{"id":"7395351","text":"of Pakistan's first Constitution. In 1949, Asad joined Pakistan's Ministry of Foreign Affairs as head of the Middle East Division and made efforts to strengthen Pakistan's ties with the Muslim states of the Middle East. In 1952, Asad was appointed as Pakistan's Minister Plenipotentiary to the United Nations in New York – a position that he relinquished in 1952 to write his autobiography (up to the age of 32), \"The Road to Mecca\". Asad contributed much to Pakistan's early political and cultural life but was shunned from the corridors of power. He served this country as the head of the","title":"Muhammad Asad"},{"id":"19505585","text":"the Oxmoon estate in arrears thanks to Kester's mismanagement, John and Thomas are forced to seize control of Oxmoon's management from Kester and Anna. Naturally, Kester vows vengeance to retake back Oxmoon, and on Thomas for having publicly humiliated him and insulted his wife. Harry is seen as the perfect boy - handsome, clever and tough - but we learn he is a lost soul, wanting to follow music and desperate for his father's approval. After Bronwen leaves her beloved John to go to Canada to escape their socially-derided relationship, John resumes his London life with Constance and Harry silently","title":"The Wheel of Fortune (novel)"},{"id":"19505588","text":"Kester kills Thomas (in apparent self-defence), Harry chooses to help cover up the killing and make it look like he died in a car crash, but the struggle is far from over. Kester fears Harry exposing his killing of Thomas, while Harry in turn is afraid Kester will deprive him of Oxmoon and frame him for his uncle's death. Harry's story ends with a cliffhanger, following Kester's invitation to Harry to discuss and resolve their differences in an isolated area near a dangerous stretch of cliffs by the seashore. By 1966, Oxmoon is barely a shadow of its prewar self","title":"The Wheel of Fortune (novel)"},{"id":"3200104","text":"Mondavi died at his Yountville home on May 16, 2008 at the age of 94. An autobiography \"Harvests of Joy\" was published in 1998. Robert Mondavi was selected as the \"Decanter\" \"Man of the Year\" in 1989. He was inducted into the Junior Achievement U.S. Business Hall of Fame in 1991. In 2000 he was awarded Doctor of Oenology, Honoris Causa, by the Board of Trustees of Johnson & Wales University. In 2002, he received the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic. In 2005, he received the Legion of Honour from the French government. On December 5, 2007, California","title":"Robert Mondavi"},{"id":"3266660","text":"has been found as far north as Castlecary, Scotland and an altar and statue can now be viewed at the Hunterian Museum in Glasgow. Fortuna's name seems to derive from \"Vortumna\" (she who revolves the year). The earliest reference to the Wheel of Fortune, emblematic of the endless changes in life between prosperity and disaster, is from 55 BC. In Seneca's tragedy \"Agamemnon\", a chorus addresses Fortuna in terms that would remain almost proverbial, and in a high heroic ranting mode that Renaissance writers would emulate: Ovid's description is typical of Roman representations: in a letter from exile he reflects","title":"Fortuna"},{"id":"6545501","text":"of the genitive form \"Fortunae\". Excerpts from two of the collection's better known poems, \"\"Fortuna Imperatrix Mundi\" (Fortune, Empress of the World)\" and \"\"Fortune Plango Vulnera\" (I Bemoan the Wounds of Fortune),\" read: \" Fortune and her Wheel have remained an enduring image throughout history. Fortune's wheel can also be found in Thomas More's \"Utopia\". William Shakespeare in \"Hamlet\" wrote of the \"slings and arrows of outrageous fortune\" and, of fortune personified, to \"break all the spokes and fellies from her wheel.\" And in \"Henry V\", Act 3 Scene VI are the lines: Shakespeare also references this Wheel in \"King","title":"Rota Fortunae"},{"id":"7121326","text":"Noah Dietrich Noah Dietrich (February 28, 1889 – February 15, 1982) was an American businessman, who was the chief executive officer of the Howard Hughes business empire from 1925 to 1957.According to his own memoirs, he left the Hughes operation over a dispute involving putting more of his income on a capital gains basis. The manuscript of his eventual memoir, \"Howard: The Amazing Mr. Hughes\", may have been a key, if inadvertent, source of novelist Clifford Irving's infamous fake autobiography of Hughes. Dietrich was born on February 28, 1889 in Madison, Wisconsin, the son of Lutheran minister John Dietrich, and","title":"Noah Dietrich"},{"id":"1779104","text":"chose to remain with the rump 'continuing SDP' after the majority of the party's members voted to merge with the Liberal Party in 1988. He later sat as a crossbencher during his rare appearances in the House of Lords. The duke followed the family tradition of owning racehorses, the most famous of which was Park Top, the subject of the duke's first published book, \"A Romance of The Turf: Park Top\", which was published in 1976. His autobiography, \"Accidents of Fortune\", was published just before his death in 2004. The duke had many disputes over the years with the ramblers","title":"Andrew Cavendish, 11th Duke of Devonshire"},{"id":"1864887","text":"other works are the 1950 play \"Flamineo\", based on John Webster's \"The White Devil\", the 1948 biography \"Oscar Wilde\" (extended in 1955 as \"Oscar Wilde, or The Destiny of Homosexuality\"), and various translations including Jonathan Swift's \"Gulliver's Travels\". In 1965 Merle wrote \"Moncada: premier combat de Fidel Castro\" and \"Ahmed Ben Bella\", and around this time translated the diaries of Che Guevara. Until the invasion of Afghanistan by the Red Army, Merle was briefly a member of the Communist Party. He said: Merle's \"major achievement\" was his 13-book series of historical novels, \"Fortune de France\" (1977–2003), which recreate 16th and","title":"Robert Merle"},{"id":"19505578","text":"her inlaws, including straitlaced and judgmental John. She travels to London frequently, to see girlfriends and drink away her worries. Robert confides to Ginevra that following a friend's death in a mountaineering accident, he is terrified of the prospect of dying, especially more so now that Lionel is dead. Robert eventually decides to retire to Oxmoon with Ginevra, but even then that is not the end of their tribulations. Robert suddenly contracts an unnamed degenerative neurological disorder (described in 'Hal' as multiple sclerosis) that first manifests itself as unexplained tremors, later intensifying into full-blown paralysis over the next nine years.","title":"The Wheel of Fortune (novel)"},{"id":"529476","text":"The Wheel of Time The Wheel of Time is a series of high fantasy novels written by American author James Oliver Rigney Jr., under his pen name of Robert Jordan. Originally planned as a six-book series, \"The Wheel of Time\" spanned fourteen volumes, in addition to a prequel novel and two companion books. Jordan began writing the first volume, \"The Eye of the World\", in 1984, and it was published in January 1990. The author died in 2007 while working on what was planned to be the twelfth and final volume in the series. He prepared extensive notes so another","title":"The Wheel of Time"},{"id":"19505580","text":"Margaret, suddenly dies following a party, upsetting the balance of the family and unhinging Bobby, who then takes on a mistress, Milly Straker, who turns out to be a gold digger intent on seizing Oxmoon from the Godwins. As Bobby lapses into senility and falls under Straker's control, John, Robert, and their younger brother Thomas vie with her for control of Oxmoon. Due to Bobby's mismanagement a workers' strike breaks out, forcing Straker out of Oxmoon, leaving the mansion and the lands back in the hands of the Godwins. John is also personally affected when his young wife Blanche passes","title":"The Wheel of Fortune (novel)"},{"id":"5292626","text":"Swift with his \"Tristram Shandy\" (1759–1767). Tristram seeks to write his autobiography, but like Swift's narrator in \"A Tale of a Tub\", he worries that nothing in his life can be understood without understanding its context. For example, he tells the reader that at the very moment he was conceived, his mother was saying, \"Did you wind the clock?\". To clarify how he knows this, he explains that his father took care of winding the clock and \"other family business\" on one day a month. To explain why the clock had to be wound then, he has to explain his","title":"Augustan literature"},{"id":"6545509","text":"players to discard their hands and draw new ones. Rota Fortunae In medieval and ancient philosophy the Wheel of Fortune, or Rota Fortunae, is a symbol of the capricious nature of Fate. The wheel belongs to the goddess Fortuna (Greek equivalent Tyche) who spins it at random, changing the positions of those on the wheel: some suffer great misfortune, others gain windfalls. Fortune appears on all paintings as a woman, sometimes blindfolded, \"puppeteering\" a wheel. The origin of the word is from the \"wheel of fortune\" - the zodiac, referring to the Celestial spheres of which the 8th holds the","title":"Rota Fortunae"},{"id":"16084035","text":"months later, Cauet was found guilty of public defamation of an individual and sentenced to a 500 euro fine and one euro in damages. In October 2006, he released a book, \"Mystères, scandales et... fortune\" (Mysteries, Scandals and... Fortune). The same year, he released his autobiography with a deliberately provocative title \"Omar Harfouch: Confessions of a millionaire\", in which he sets things straight with the French \"celebrity scene\" and the so-called \"presse people\". Omar Harfouch Omar Harfouch (Arabic: عمر حرفوش; born 20 April 1969 in Tripoli in Lebanon) is a businessman with dual Lebanese and French citizenship. Owner of a","title":"Omar Harfouch"},{"id":"14090305","text":"True Britt True Britt was a best-selling autobiography, published in 1980, by the actress Britt Ekland. Ekland describes her marriage with Peter Sellers, relationships with Rod Stewart and Lord Lichfield and affairs with, among others Warren Beatty and 'Count' Ascanio Cicogna, and discovering she was nearly bankrupt at a supposedly prolific time in her career. Ekland refers to Peter Sellers as 'Sellers', he in turn called her 'Britvic' She describes his obsessive behaviour and obsession with pleasing the Royal Family, both contributing factors in their ultimate divorce. \"I would squirm with embarrassment at the demeaning lengths he would stoop to","title":"True Britt"},{"id":"3568918","text":"Circuit, and the Ninth Circuit denied a rehearing; Judge Kozinski issued a dissent. The U.S. Supreme Court denied certiorari. White ultimately was awarded $403,000 in damages. Vanna White Vanna White (born Vanna Marie Rosich; February 18, 1957) is an American television personality and film actress known as the hostess of \"Wheel of Fortune\" since 1982. White was born Vanna Marie Rosich, in Conway, South Carolina, the daughter of Joan Marie and Miguel Angel Rosich. Her parents divorced when she was an infant, and White took the name of her stepfather, Herbert Stackley White Jr., a former real estate broker in","title":"Vanna White"},{"id":"206071","text":"\"The Casual Vacancy\" (2012) and—under the pseudonym Robert Galbraith—the crime fiction novels \"The Cuckoo's Calling\" (2013), \"The Silkworm\" (2014), \"Career of Evil\" (2015), and \"Lethal White\" (2018). Rowling has lived a \"rags to riches\" life story, in which she progressed from living on state benefits to being the world's first billionaire author. She lost her billionaire status after giving away much of her earnings to charity, but remains one of the wealthiest people in the world. She is the United Kingdom's bestselling living author, with sales in excess of £238M. The 2016 \"Sunday Times Rich List\" estimated Rowling's fortune at","title":"J. K. Rowling"},{"id":"5464221","text":"Reg Grundy Reginald Roy Grundy (4 August 1923 – 6 May 2016) was an Australian entrepreneur and media mogul, one of the pioneers and most successful of his generation, best known for his numerous television productions. He was the creator of game shows such as \"Blankety Blanks\" (based on a Mark Goodson-Bill Todman production, \"Match Game\") and \"Wheel of Fortune\" (based on the Merv Griffin production of the same name), before later diversifying into soap operas and serials including \"Prisoner\", \"The Young Doctors\", \"Sons and Daughters\" and \"Neighbours\", which was inducted into the Logie Hall of Fame in 2005. Reginald","title":"Reg Grundy"},{"id":"4192013","text":"matter when or by whom it should arise.\" On 3 September 2010, the BBC News website published a profile of Collins that began: \"Former Formula Three driver Ben Collins has won a legal fight to publish an autobiography in which he claims to be The Stig.\" Collins' book, \"The Man in the White Suit,\" was published 16 September 2010. Immediately following the High Court's decision, \"Top Gear\" presenter James May commented, \"Obviously I'm now going to have to take some legal action of my own, because I have been the Stig for the past seven years, and I don't know","title":"The Stig"},{"id":"11458284","text":"was a fellow of the Royal Society and a founder member of the Royal Automobile Club. Evelyn Crompton was born at Sion Hill, near Thirsk, Yorkshire, one of five children. From an early age he was interested in machines and engineering. His autobiography tells how a trip to the Great Exhibition aged 6 had a profound impact on him: \"\"For me, the unforgettable part and focus of the whole exhibition was the Machinery Hall...neither Koh-I-Noor diamond, nor Osler's crystal fountain...had any attractions for me to compare with those of the locomotives, with their brilliantly polished piston rods and brasses burnished","title":"R. E. B. Crompton"},{"id":"577134","text":"1998. Wallis was plagued by rumours of other lovers. The gay American playboy Jimmy Donahue, an heir to the Woolworth fortune, claimed to have had a liaison with the Duchess in the 1950s, but Donahue was notorious for his inventive pranks and rumour-mongering. Wallis's memoirs, \"The Heart Has Its Reasons\", were published in 1956. One of her biographers, Charles Higham, said of the book, \"facts were remorselessly rearranged in what amounted to a self-performed face-lift ... reflecting in abundance its author's politically misguided but winning and desirable personality.\" He describes the Duchess as \"charismatic, electric and compulsively ambitious\". \"The Daily","title":"Wallis Simpson"},{"id":"19505579","text":"By the end of Ginevra's story, Robert is wheelchair-bound and realises his condition will only get worse. Feeling she might be happier married to someone else, Robert offers his wife a divorce but Ginevra declines, vowing to stay on by Robert's side till the bitter end, saying \"I could always walk out on a husband. But I could never turn my back on a friend.\" Back in Oxmoon, John Godwin, one of Robert's surviving brothers, begins planning to take over as the heir of Oxmoon as Robert's disease begins to take hold, but more deaths soon take place. Bobby's wife,","title":"The Wheel of Fortune (novel)"},{"id":"19573965","text":"Kevin Lacz Kevin \"Dauber\" Lacz is a United States Navy SEAL veteran who served two tours in the Iraq War. His platoon's 2006 deployment to Ramadi has been discussed in several books, including Dick Couch's \"The Sheriff of Ramadi\", Jim DeFelice's \"Code Name: Johnny Walker\", and Chris Kyle's New York Times best-selling autobiography, \"American Sniper\". Lacz's presence in the book led to his involvement in the production of and eventual casting in the Clint Eastwood-directed Oscar-winning biopic of the same name (starring Bradley Cooper). Lacz was born in Meriden, Connecticut, where he lived until the age of 12, at which","title":"Kevin Lacz"},{"id":"4923314","text":"William Slater Brown William Slater Brown (November 13, 1896 – June 22, 1997) was an American novelist, biographer, and translator of French literature. Most notably, he was a friend of the poet E. E. Cummings and is best known as the character \"B.\" in Cumming's 1922 memoir/novel \"The Enormous Room\". His books, published under the name Slater Brown, include the novel \"The Burning Wheel\" (1943); \"Ethan Allen and the Green Mountain Boys\" (1956), a biography for children; and \"The Heyday of Spiritualism\" (1970), a study of the 19th-century interest in parapsychology and the occult. Brown was born to the physician","title":"William Slater Brown"},{"id":"11430063","text":"Fremantle Australia Fremantle Australia (formerly FremantleMedia Australia) is the Australian arm of global British production and entertainment company Fremantle and was formed in 2006 by the merger of market leader Grundy Television and comedy specialists Crackerjack Productions, who had both previously been acquired by Fremantle. Grundy was founded by Reg Grundy, its first production being \"Wheel of Fortune\" in 1959, which was an original idea devised by Reg for a radio game show, before taking the idea to Sydney television network TCN9 (now part of the Nine Network). The then 36-year-old worked as both the host of the show and","title":"Fremantle Australia"},{"id":"1273558","text":"madness, or cure infertility. The water of the Styx causes immediate death. Book XIV covers geography, describing the Earth, islands, promontories, mountains and caves. The earth is divided into three parts, Asia occupying half the globe, and Europe and Africa each occupying a quarter. Europe is separated from Africa by the Mediterranean, reaching in from the Ocean that flows all around the land. Isidore writes that the \"orbis\" of the earth, translated by Barney as \"globe\", \"derives its name from the roundness of the circle, because it resembles a wheel; hence a small wheel is called a 'small disk' (\"orbiculus\")\".","title":"Etymologiae"},{"id":"6545504","text":"could also be said to have replaced the Wheel as the primary metaphor for uncertain fortune. In his novel, \"The Club Dumas\", Arturo Pérez-Reverte includes a wheel of fortune in one of the illustrations that accompany the text. Ignatius J. Reilly, the central protagonist of John Kennedy Toole's novel \"A Confederacy of Dunces\", states that he believes the Rota Fortunae to be the source of all men's fate. Jerry Garcia recorded a song entitled \"The Wheel\" (co-written with Robert Hunter and Bill Kreutzmann) for his 1972 solo album \"Garcia\", and performed the song regularly with the Grateful Dead from 1976","title":"Rota Fortunae"},{"id":"19505576","text":"Bryn-Davies, to keep him from defrauding the Godwin family of Oxmoon, and has been psychologically damaged ever since. With Margaret's resigned tolerance and understanding, Bobby engaged in many sexual affairs to relieve himself of the guilt of having murdered Owen and one of the women he slept with was a teenaged Ginevra. Notwithstanding the opposition of his family, Robert goes ahead and marries Ginevra, and despite the abrasive differences inherent in their own individual personalities (Ginevra's describes her mind was all \"splashes of colour\" and Robert as \"emotionally colour-blind\") as well as the opposition of Ginevra's children with Conor, Robert","title":"The Wheel of Fortune (novel)"},{"id":"2629759","text":"and asked Korda if he thought anyone would notice, he said. Howatch followed a similar theme in her vast saga, \"The Wheel of Fortune\", where the story of the Godwin family of Oxmoon in Gower, South Wales, is in fact a re-creation in a modern form of the story of the Plantagenet family of Edward III of England, the modern characters being created from those of his eldest son Edward of Woodstock (\"The Black Prince\") and his wife Joan of Kent, John of Gaunt and his mistress, later wife, Katherine Swynford, Richard II (son of Edward of Woodstock), Henry IV","title":"Susan Howatch"},{"id":"2964519","text":"Kay Starr Katherine Laverne Starks (July 21, 1922November 3, 2016), known professionally as Kay Starr, was an American pop and jazz singer who enjoyed considerable success in the late 1940s and 1950s. She is best remembered for introducing two songs that became No. 1 hits \"Wheel of Fortune\" in 1951 and \"(The) Rock and Roll Waltz\" in 1955. Starr was successful in every field of music she tried, such as jazz, pop, and country; but her roots were in jazz. Billie Holiday called her \"the only white woman who could sing the blues.\" Kay Starr was born Katherine Laverne Starks","title":"Kay Starr"},{"id":"1518065","text":"in support of extending of the Voting Rights Act in 1982. In 1989, Abernathy wrote \"And the Walls Came Tumbling Down: An Autobiography\", a controversial autobiography about his and King's involvement in the Civil Rights Movement. He was ridiculed for the revelations in the book about Martin Luther King's alleged infidelity. Abernathy eventually became less active in politics and returned to his work as a minister. He died of heart disease on April 17, 1990. His tombstone is engraved with the words \"I tried\". Abernathy, 10th of William and Louivery Abernathy's 12 children, was born on March 11, 1926, on","title":"Ralph Abernathy"},{"id":"19594","text":"\"The Secret of Business is the Management of Men\" (1903), \"James Watt\" (1905) in the Famous Scots Series, \"Problems of Today\" (1907), and his posthumously published \"Autobiography of Andrew Carnegie\" (1920). Carnegie received the honorary Doctor of Laws (DLL) from the University of Glasgow in June 1901, and received the Freedom of the City of Glasgow \"\"in recognition of his munificence\"\" later the same year. In July 1902 he received the Freedom of the city of St Andrews, \"\"in testimony of his great zeal for the welfare of his fellow-men on both sides of the Atlantic\",\" and in October 1902","title":"Andrew Carnegie"},{"id":"3568913","text":"show. On December 13, 1982, White became the regular hostess. Her 1987 autobiography, \"Vanna Speaks!\", was a best-seller. Also in 1987, she was featured in a \"Playboy\" pictorial, showing photos taken of her by her boyfriend (before her career on \"Wheel of Fortune\") wearing see-through lingerie. In 1988, she appeared in the NBC television film \"Goddess of Love\", in which she played Venus; Betsy Palmer co-starred as Juno. The film was panned universally by critics, with \"TV Guide\" joking that White's acting was \"wheely\" bad. Film historian Leonard Maltin added that the picture was \"bottom-of-the-barrel yet, on its own terms,","title":"Vanna White"},{"id":"3065171","text":"with a Doctor of Humane Letters by University President Anthony J. Cernera. Ebersol is the 2014 recipient of the Paul White Award, the highest award presented by the Radio Television Digital News Association. Ebersol was previously married to former \"Wheel of Fortune\" hostess Susan Stafford from 1976-81. They had no children. He has been married to actress Susan Saint James since 1981. They have three children together, Charlie, Willie, and Teddy, who died in a plane crash in 2004. Saint James has two children from a previous marriage. On November 28, 2004, a private charter jet carrying Ebersol and two","title":"Dick Ebersol"},{"id":"9107794","text":"in order to better understand how she functions. After being whisked away by a dragon-pulled chariot, he is guided through Fortune’s abode by Divine Providence (allegorized as a female character). There he sees not one Wheel of Fortune, but three, representing the past, present and future; each is composed of a series of Dante-like circles ruled by different planets. The circles contain examples of virtuous and unvirtuous historical figures. In the seventh circle, he encounters only one figure – Álvaro de Luna, who is seen as a horseman dominating Fortune, a wild horse. Having finished his tour of Fortune’s home,","title":"Laberinto de Fortuna"},{"id":"11027351","text":"season with the New York Rangers hockey team, \"Steal This Dream\", an oral biography of Abbie Hoffman. His book \"The Secret Life of Houdini\", written with magic historian William Kalush, presented research that attempted to prove that early 20th-century American magician Harry Houdini was a spy. The authors also raised the possibility that Houdini had been murdered by a cabal of Spiritualists, prompting Houdini's great-nephew to call for an exhumation of the magician's body to test for poisoning. Sloman's other collaborations include \"Mysterious Stranger\", with the magician David Blaine and \"Scar Tissue\", the autobiography of the Red Hot Chili Peppers","title":"Larry Sloman"},{"id":"366994","text":"Robert Jordan James Oliver Rigney Jr. (October 17, 1948 – September 16, 2007), better known by his pen name Robert Jordan, was an American author of epic fantasy. He is best known for the \"Wheel of Time\" series, which comprises 14 books and a prequel novel. He is one of several writers to have written original Conan the Barbarian novels; his are highly acclaimed to this day. Rigney also wrote historical fiction under his pseudonym Reagan O'Neal, a western as Jackson O'Reilly, and dance criticism as Chang Lung. Additionally, he ghostwrote an \"international thriller\" that is still believed to have","title":"Robert Jordan"},{"id":"3791484","text":"T. C. Murray Thomas Cornelius Murray (17 January 1873 – 7 March 1959) was an Irish dramatist who was closely associated with the Abbey Theatre. He was born in Macroom, County Cork, and educated at St Patrick's Teacher Training College in Drumcondra, Dublin. He worked as a schoolteacher and in 1900 was appointed headmaster of the national school in Rathduff, Co. Cork. His first play, \"The Wheel of Fortune\", was produced by the Little Theatre in Cork in 1909. It was revised and renamed \"Sovereign Love\" in 1913. Murray had co-founded the theatre with Daniel Corkery, Con O'Leary and Terence","title":"T. C. Murray"},{"id":"9772181","text":"his biographies of Harriet Tubman. He wrote a fantasy novel about an African American nation being carved out of the American South, a country in the shape of Africa. Conrad penned these following works under his name, or with collaboration. Earl Conrad Earl Conrad (17 December 1912 - 17 January 1986), birth name Cohen, was an American author who penned at least twenty works of biography, history, and criticism, including books in collaboration. At least one that he 'ghost' wrote was the autobiography of actor Errol Flynn, titled \"My Wicked, Wicked Ways\". Conrad was born to Eli and Minnie Cohen","title":"Earl Conrad"},{"id":"9613470","text":"to the Lending Code. The bank is covered by the Financial Services Compensation Scheme with Adam and Company, The One account, Child & Co., Drummonds Bank and Holts under one licence. The Royal Bank of Scotland Group uses branding developed for the Bank on its merger with the National Commercial Bank of Scotland in 1969. The Group's logo takes the form of an abstract symbol of four inward-pointing arrows known as the \"\"Daisy Wheel\"\" and is based on an arrangement of 36 piles of coins in a 6 by 6 square, representing \"the accumulation and concentration of wealth by the","title":"Royal Bank of Scotland"},{"id":"8307007","text":"no clearance of older gravestones. In 1810 there was a screen between the body of the church and the chancel, which was destroyed in December 2001, which revealed a series of wall paintings. These paintings are similar to that found in the nearby St Botolph, North Cove. The image depicts the theme of the 'Wheel of Fortune' and the unpredictable nature of human affairs. A crowned figure is found sitting on top of a wheel rotating it, to which humankind must follow the rotation. The rotation is circular, so a downturn in human affairs must be inevitably followed by an","title":"St Andrew, Ilketshall"},{"id":"23895","text":"conformed to them. Another autobiography of the period is \"De vita propria\", by the Italian mathematician, physician and astrologer Gerolamo Cardano (1574). It is often claimed that the earliest known autobiography in English is the early 15th-century \"Book of Margery Kempe\", describing among other things Kempe's pilgrimage to the Holy Land and visit to Rome although it is, at best, only a partial autobiography and arguably more a memoir of religious experiences. The book remained in manuscript and was not published until 1936. Possibly the first publicly available autobiography written in English was Captan John Smith's autobiography published in 1630","title":"Autobiography"},{"id":"9772178","text":"Earl Conrad Earl Conrad (17 December 1912 - 17 January 1986), birth name Cohen, was an American author who penned at least twenty works of biography, history, and criticism, including books in collaboration. At least one that he 'ghost' wrote was the autobiography of actor Errol Flynn, titled \"My Wicked, Wicked Ways\". Conrad was born to Eli and Minnie Cohen in Auburn, New York, into a Jewish family with nine siblings. He was \"reared in the Judaic tradition\" but chose to Anglicize his name when he began his career as a professional journalist. He wished to be a writer from","title":"Earl Conrad"},{"id":"5437918","text":"and commonplace assumptions. The novel in three books is virtually all narrative voice, with a few interpolated narratives, such as \"Slawkenbergius's Tale.\" Tristram seeks to write his autobiography, but like Swift's narrator in \"A Tale of a Tub,\" he worries that nothing in his life can be understood without understanding its context. For example, he tells the reader that at the very moment he was conceived, his mother was saying, \"Did you wind the clock?\" To explain how he knows this, he explains that his father took care of winding the clock and \"other family business\" on one day a","title":"Augustan prose"},{"id":"3925672","text":"'March for Elephants and Rhino' and written extensively on the issues for the national press. He works closely with Will Travers, Virginia McKenna and the Born Free Foundation. He has homes in Salford, Clapham and Glenelg. Nicky Campbell Nicholas Andrew Argyll Campbell, OBE (born Nicholas Lackey, 10 April 1961) is a Scottish radio and television presenter and journalist. He has presented the BBC Radio 5 Live breakfast programme since 2003, BBC One's Sunday morning show \"The Big Questions\" since 2007, and \"Long Lost Family\" on ITV since 2011. He presented the game show \"Wheel of Fortune\" from 1988 until 1996,","title":"Nicky Campbell"},{"id":"12566242","text":"can live for the rest of my life in the reasonably modest way I am now used to, that I have no debts and I can afford to refuse work that doesn't appeal to me.\" In his autobiography, \"Blessings In Disguise\", Guinness tells an imaginary interviewer \"Blessed be \"Star Wars\"\", regarding the income it provided. In the final volume of the book \"A Positively Final Appearance\" (1997), Guinness recounts grudgingly giving an autograph to a young fan who claimed to have watched \"Star Wars\" over a hundred times, on the condition that the boy promise to stop watching the film","title":"Alec Guinness"},{"id":"19505586","text":"melts down at boarding school. John's absence from Wales gives young master of the castle Kester more room to live an idyllic life at Oxmoon, which infuriates Harry. He finds some solace in a local, distant relative, with whom he has nothing in common but sexual attraction. They later marry and have four mostly accidental children who cause Harry more trouble than joy. Desperately unhappy, he volunteers for military service to get away from his pain. A moment of pure joy awaits Harry upon his return — since his stepmother Constance died two years ago his father rekindled his relationship","title":"The Wheel of Fortune (novel)"},{"id":"5023652","text":"serial, edited by John McElroy and titled \"The Crusade\", was published by Titan Books in November 1994. It was the tenth in that publisher's series of \"Doctor Who\" script books, following \"Galaxy 4\". At the time that the book was prepared, the BBC archives held only one episode of \"The Crusade\" on video (\"The Wheel of Fortune\") and no audio recordings. In 1991, \"The Wheel of Fortune\", then the only episode known extant, was released on VHS as part of \"The Hartnell Years\" (BBCV 4608), presented by Seventh Doctor, Sylvester McCoy, with McCoy giving a brief 're-cap' of events before","title":"The Crusade (Doctor Who)"},{"id":"9762588","text":"appendix added addressed to the Holy Roman Emperor Charles IV as a final plea to move the papacy back to Rome. Petrarch here writes of the wheel of Lady Fortune, Several other works have used the title \"Book without a name\" including those by Liber sine nomine The (The Book without a Name) is a collection of nineteen personal letters written in Latin by the fourteenth century Italian poet and Renaissance humanist Petrarch. The letters being harshly critical of the Avignon papacy, they were withheld from the larger collection of his \"Epistolae familiares\" (\"Letters to Friends\") and assembled in a","title":"Liber sine nomine"},{"id":"13925857","text":"12 years old; Richard, 10, and Johnny, 8, were the children of Jim Abbe, an itinerant photographer, and his wife, the former Polly Platt, once a Ziegfeld girl. Prodded by their mother, the children dictated their memoirs, which Bye sold as \"Around the World in Eleven Years\". According to the Abbe family, Patience Abbe was the primary author. The book was a surprise hit. In 1954, Bye arranged the sale to Hollywood of Lindbergh's best-selling autobiography, \"The Spirit of St. Louis\", for more than $1,000,000. But Bye was initially unenthusiastic about Laura Ingalls Wilder, commenting that the manuscript of her","title":"George T. Bye"},{"id":"1759304","text":"in [this] book of magic, intrigue, and warfare, but very little that is very good.\" In all probability, the title is a tongue-in cheek reference to the similarly titled novel The Guns of Navarone by Alistair MacLean. In addition to sounding alike, both Avalon and Navarone are fictional islands. Some of the imagery in the book is inspired by Tarot art. For example, when Ganelon ties the golden-haired youth by one ankle to a tree branch, this mimics the Tarot card \"The Hanged Man\". The wheel that Corwin dreams about is inspired by the Tarot card \"Wheel of Fortune\". In","title":"The Guns of Avalon"},{"id":"3575084","text":"authors. In the late 1960s and early 1970s, what has come to be known as the \"fab five\" were published: \"I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings\" (1969), an autobiography of the early years of American poet Maya Angelou; \"The Friends\" (1973) by Rosa Guy; the semi-autobiographical \"The Bell Jar\" (US 1963, under a pseudonym; UK 1967) by poet Sylvia Plath; \"Bless the Beasts and Children\" (1970) by Glendon Swarthout; and \"Deathwatch\" (1972) by Robb White, which was awarded 1973 Edgar Award for Best Juvenile Mystery by the Mystery Writers of America. The works of Angelou, Guy, and Plath were","title":"Young adult fiction"},{"id":"5023645","text":"TARDIS vanish, they agree to keep the story quiet, so as not to look like fools. On board the TARDIS, the crew enjoy a good laugh over their escape. As the TARDIS prepares to land, the power fails and all the interior lights dim. The crew freeze into immobility. Copies of the four episodes were believed lost in the mass deletion of episode recordings in the 1970s, with BBC Enterprises deleting their copies. The BBC Film Library retained a copy of \"The Wheel of Fortune\" that it had accidentally acquired, but a copy of \"The Lion\" had been junked from","title":"The Crusade (Doctor Who)"},{"id":"1452046","text":"1942, Buñuel applied for American citizenship, because he anticipated that MoMA would soon be put under federal control. But that same year, Dalí published his autobiography, \"The Secret Life of Salvador Dalí\", in which he made it clear that he had split with Buñuel because the latter was a Communist and an atheist. News of this reached Archbishop Spellman, who angrily confronted Barry with the question: \"Are you aware that you are harbouring in this Museum the Antichrist, the man who made a blasphemous film \"L'Age d'Or\"?\" At the same time, a campaign on the part of Hollywood, through its","title":"Luis Buñuel"},{"id":"5709412","text":"ICon: Steve Jobs iCon: Steve Jobs, The Greatest Second Act in the History of Business is an unauthorized biography by Jeffrey S. Young and William L. Simon about the return of Steve Jobs to Apple Inc in 1997. It was published in 2005. The book's title is a pun with one connotation that of Jobs as an icon with attributes to be admired, while carrying the negative interpretation as I-(am a)-Con, as in a con man, criticized for charisma used in harmful ways such as the \"reality distortion field\". The non-capitalized \"i\" at the beginning is also in reference to","title":"ICon: Steve Jobs"},{"id":"7111148","text":"the thought of what this entire illicit affair would do to the image of Wall Street. Left alone, Kate and Charlie resolve against suicide. Charlie is determined to come up with a solution and to make a life with Kate. At Wingate's brokerage, the bottom is about to fall out. Even the Senator is resigned to having to live off of only his congressional salary from now on. Suddenly Charley comes in with Kate and the solution to the problem: the legendary old man A.K. himself, in a wheel-chair. Wall Street respects everything A.K. does in the stock market. Doddering","title":"How Now, Dow Jones"},{"id":"9416703","text":"trip over the Atlas Mountains in Morocco, and is followed by 28 chapters in which Branson recounts the first 43 years of his life. The book ends in January 1993, in the wake of Virgin Atlantic's victory in their court case against British Airways. An epilogue briefly details events since 1993 including the launch of Virgin Cola, the financial services company Virgin Direct and Branson's charitable bid to run the United Kingdom's National Lottery. Losing My Virginity Losing My Virginity: The Autobiography is the autobiography of the British businessman Richard Branson. Published in 1998, it was later followed by other","title":"Losing My Virginity"},{"id":"4871520","text":"had three sons, John, Christopher (Kip) and Stephen. Fitch died on October 31, 2012, of Merkel cell carcinoma at his home in Connecticut. In addition to numerous articles in magazines as well as the Encyclopædia Britannica, Fitch wrote his autobiography (somewhat prematurely, in 1960), \"Adventure on Wheels\", published by G.P. Putnam & Sons. In 1993 an authorised biography titled \"John Fitch: Racing Through Life\", written by James Grinnell, was published. The book \"Racing Through Life\" by Carl Goodwin also documents Fitch's life. Fitch wrote of his years with the Mercedes-Benz racing team in his 2005 book, \"Racing with Mercedes\" Photo","title":"John Fitch (racing driver)"},{"id":"19573973","text":"to actively support service members and veterans by tending to their medical needs. Kevin Lacz Kevin \"Dauber\" Lacz is a United States Navy SEAL veteran who served two tours in the Iraq War. His platoon's 2006 deployment to Ramadi has been discussed in several books, including Dick Couch's \"The Sheriff of Ramadi\", Jim DeFelice's \"Code Name: Johnny Walker\", and Chris Kyle's New York Times best-selling autobiography, \"American Sniper\". Lacz's presence in the book led to his involvement in the production of and eventual casting in the Clint Eastwood-directed Oscar-winning biopic of the same name (starring Bradley Cooper). Lacz was born","title":"Kevin Lacz"},{"id":"6545495","text":"aid religious instruction. Though classically Fortune's Wheel could be favourable and disadvantageous, medieval writers preferred to concentrate on the tragic aspect, dwelling on downfall of the mighty - serving to remind people of the temporality of earthly things. In the morality play \"Everyman\" (c. 1495), for instance, Death comes unexpectedly to claim the protagonist. Fortune's Wheel has spun Everyman low, and Good Deeds, which he previously neglected, are needed to secure his passage to heaven. Geoffrey Chaucer used the concept of the tragic Wheel of Fortune a great deal. It forms the basis for the \"Monk's Tale\", which recounts stories","title":"Rota Fortunae"},{"id":"3568911","text":"Vanna White Vanna White (born Vanna Marie Rosich; February 18, 1957) is an American television personality and film actress known as the hostess of \"Wheel of Fortune\" since 1982. White was born Vanna Marie Rosich, in Conway, South Carolina, the daughter of Joan Marie and Miguel Angel Rosich. Her parents divorced when she was an infant, and White took the name of her stepfather, Herbert Stackley White Jr., a former real estate broker in what is now North Myrtle Beach, South Carolina. Before her appearance on TV in 1980, White was a contestant in the Miss Georgia 1978 pageant. White's","title":"Vanna White"},{"id":"8459972","text":"also had guest roles as two separate Romulan characters in \"\" and as Magistrate Augris in the \"\" episode \"Resistance\". In 2003 he co-starred with his son Jonathan in \"Burn: The Robert Wraight Story\". After returning to Canada from Los Angeles in 2002, he began writing novels under the pseudonym Clanash Farjeon (an anagram of his full name). The titles include \"A Handbook for Attendants on the Insane: the Autobiography of Jack the Ripper as Revealed to Clanash Farjeon\" (which has been called 'one of the finest books on historical crime ever published'), \"The Vampires of Ciudad Juarez\", about the","title":"Alan Scarfe"},{"id":"7221285","text":"story in the novel, in which Ebenezer bequeaths his autobiography (\"The Book of Ebenezer Le Page\") to his young artist friend Neville Falla, the motorcycling rebel with a heart of gold. Since its publication in 1981, it has been critically acclaimed, as well as winning the admiration of the people of Guernsey for so accurately capturing the island and its character. John Fowles wrote an enthusiastic introduction to the Book, it was very favorably reviewed by William Golding, among several others, and Harold Bloom included it in \"The Western Canon\". Stephen Orgel wrote that it was 'one of the greatest","title":"The Book of Ebenezer Le Page"},{"id":"3889757","text":"Charlie O'Donnell Charles John O'Donnell (August 12, 1932 – November 1, 2010) was an American radio and television announcer, primarily known for his work on game shows. Among them, he was best known for \"Wheel of Fortune\", where he worked from 1975 to 1980, and again from 1989 until his death. O'Donnell, a native Philadelphian, began his career as a teenager at WCHA in Chambersburg, Pennsylvania. In 1956, he worked as program director at WHAT, a 250-watt R&B station in Philadelphia, where he discovered and launched the career of future Philadelphia radio personality Hy Lit. When WIBG became top-40 in","title":"Charlie O'Donnell"},{"id":"1462354","text":"Chuck Barris Charles Hirsch Barris (June 3, 1929 – March 21, 2017) was an American game show creator, producer and host. Barris was known for hosting \"The Gong Show\" and creating \"The Dating Game\" and \"The Newlywed Game\". He was also a songwriter who wrote \"Palisades Park\" for Freddy Cannon. Barris wrote an autobiography titled \"Confessions of a Dangerous Mind\", which was made into the film of the same name directed by George Clooney. Barris was born to a Jewish family in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on June 3, 1929, the son of Edith (née Cohen) and Nathaniel Barris, a dentist. His","title":"Chuck Barris"},{"id":"9219566","text":"research on plants was published in a series of books, and in his final book, \"The Formation of Vegetable Mould, through the Actions of Worms\" (1881), he examined earthworms and their effect on soil. Darwin has been described as one of the most influential figures in human history, and he was honoured by burial in Westminster Abbey. Charles Robert Darwin was born in Shrewsbury, Shropshire, on 12 February 1809, at his family's home, The Mount. He was the fifth of six children of wealthy society doctor and financier Robert Darwin and Susannah Darwin (\"née\" Wedgwood). He was the grandson of","title":"Charles Darwin"},{"id":"19505587","text":"with Bronwen, the woman Harry considers his mother and his guide towards the good. He arrives at the estate to find her there waiting, and after a tearful reunion, he sees John and Bronwen finally marry. The conflict between the two cousins still remains however, and grows with the eerily coinciding deaths of the young wives of both men. Harry's hatred of Kester only increases when it's revealed that he is estranged from his own young sons (who blame him for their mother's death from complications in childbirth) even as Kester ingratiates himself with one of them, Hal. Yet when","title":"The Wheel of Fortune (novel)"},{"id":"10674967","text":"ensuing accident. \"Fate Is the Hunter\" was nominally based on the bestselling 1961 memoir of the same name by Ernest K. Gann, but the author was so disappointed with the result, as it bore no relation to the book which was about Gann's own early flying career, that he asked to have his name removed from the credits. In his autobiography, \"A Hostage to Fortune\", Gann wrote, \"They obliged and, as a result, I deprived myself of the TV residuals, a medium in which the film played interminably\". (Some prints of the film were released with Gann's name still in","title":"Fate Is the Hunter (film)"},{"id":"19505589","text":"and in a state of disrepair due to the lack of funds available for renovation. In Hal Godwin's account, it is revealed that his uncle Kester was found drowned fourteen years before, and so Hal's story is reminiscent of a crime fiction tale as he seeks to prove that his uncle's death was neither due to suicide nor accident. Hal eventually discovers that his father murdered Kester, but along with this terrible revelation, Hal finds an unlikely means of saving Oxmoon thanks to Kester's literary genius. The novel ends with Oxmoon being restored and reopened as a tourist attraction under","title":"The Wheel of Fortune (novel)"},{"id":"16971905","text":"the soundtrack of \"Down and Out in Beverly Hills\". Lifetime Friend Lifetime Friend is an album from Little Richard, his first album in seven years since the release of the 1979 gospel album, \"God's Beautiful City\". Following that album's release and some 1981 recordings, Richard had made no recordings while he continued his career in the ministry. Following the release of his autobiography, \"The Quasar of Rock and Roll\", in 1984, Richard had reemerged in the public eye and was starting to be recognized for his contributions to popular music as one of the founders of rock and roll music.","title":"Lifetime Friend"},{"id":"8755280","text":"President George H. W. Bush's National Commission on America's Urban Families. On Sunday, December 16, 2007, television pastor Joel Osteen of Lakewood Church in Houston, Texas talked about Bill Wilson's story in his nationally televised program. Wilson is the author of several books, including \"Jesus Doesn’t Live in Brooklyn\", \"The Blind Guide Chronicles\", \"Christianity in the Crosshairs\", and his bestselling autobiography, \"Whose Child is This\"? His newest book, entitled \"One Eyed Kings\" came out in 2009. In addition, Wilson is a popular speaker who travels extensively around the world in an effort to raise funds for his Church and mission","title":"Bill Wilson (pastor)"},{"id":"5305862","text":"Modern Science of Mental Health\" as a key historical event for their movement and the world, and refer to the book as \"Book One.\" In Scientology, years are numbered relative to the first publication of the book: 1990, for example, being \"40 AD\" (After Dianetics). The book is promoted as \"a milestone for Man comparable to his discovery of fire and superior to his inventions of the wheel and the arch.\" \"Dianetics\" is still heavily promoted today by the Church of Scientology and has been advertised widely on television and in print. Indeed, it has been alleged that the Church","title":"Dianetics: The Modern Science of Mental Health"},{"id":"2141952","text":"Circuit could hear appeals. Instead, appeals from the Supreme Court of the Philippines were taken directly to the Supreme Court of the United States. In 1979, the Ninth Circuit became the first federal judicial circuit to set up a Bankruptcy Appellate Panel as authorized by the Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978. The cultural and political jurisdiction of the Ninth Circuit is just as varied as the land within its geographical borders. In a dissenting opinion in a rights of publicity case involving the \"Wheel of Fortune\" star Vanna White, Circuit Judge Alex Kozinski sardonically noted that \"[f]or better or worse,","title":"United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit"},{"id":"2386700","text":"Jim Phantom, who was 19 years younger than her, aged 23. They had a son, Thomas Jefferson (born in 1988). They divorced in 1992. In the 1970s, Ekland was one of the most photographed and talked-about celebrities in the world. In 1980, her best-selling autobiography, \"True Britt\", was published. While Rod Stewart's domestic partner, Ekland inspired his hit song \"Tonight's the Night (Gonna Be Alright)\" 1977's overall #1 song. The song features a French spoken part from Ekland. In 2004, Ekland was portrayed by Charlize Theron in \"The Life and Death of Peter Sellers\". She accompanied Theron to the Cannes","title":"Britt Ekland"},{"id":"16571453","text":"It appears that the wheel of fortune has turned. With Lady Luck smiling on him, Youcai enters a lucky draw and wins a car. Soon, the story of how the \"prosperous rice bin\" changes his fortune starts to circulate to the point of becoming a legend. Despite Youcai's mother frantically explaining that it is purely nonsense perpetuated by her, nobody is convinced. Hordes of people flock to the rice bin to \"seek fortune and lottery numbers\". Luona banishes the thought of divorce upon hearing of it. She wants to return home to be a virtuous wife and a filial daughter-in-law.","title":"It Takes Two (Singaporean TV series)"},{"id":"5259000","text":"\"Jacked\" provided an inside look at the inner-workings of the video game company Rockstar Games, makers of the controversial Grand Theft Auto series, and attorney Jack Thompson's attempt to destroy it. The book served as the basis for a film on the BBC, \"Game Changer\". Kushner's 2016 autobiography, \"Alligator Candy\", describes the abduction and murder of his preteen brother, Jonathan Kushner. One of the individuals convicted for murder, Johnny Paul Witt, was executed by the State of Florida after a lengthy appeal (see Wainwright v. Witt). David Kushner's book investigates details of the murder and describes the emotional trauma this","title":"David Kushner"},{"id":"4309766","text":"Martin Cullen TD reflected that people should draw inspiration from Nolan's life. \"With grace and courage, and with the support of his family, he never gave up and he never gave in [...] His bold creativity has ensured a written legacy.\" Nolan's autobiography \"Under the Eye of the Clock\" (published 1987), won the Whitbread Award and was named Book of the Year. Although an autobiography, it is narrated by a fictional character named Joseph Meehan who details Nolan's life as a third-person biography. The book reveals the deep relationship between Nolan and his mother, whom he calls Nora. \"Under the","title":"Christopher Nolan (author)"},{"id":"4337473","text":"in \"The Wheel of Fortune\" by Richard Cumberland, a Jewish pedlar in \"The Indian\", as Clown in \"Robinson Crusoe\", and as the Second Gravedigger in \"Hamlet\", alongside John Philip Kemble. Grimaldi's wife Maria and his unborn child died during childbirth on 18 October 1800. To cope with his grief, Grimaldi would often perform two shows a night; one at Sadler's Wells and the other at Drury Lane. With the Christmas season approaching, and the success of \"Peter Wilkins\" still a topic of conversation within theatrical circles, Kemble decided to stage the first Drury Lane pantomime in three years, \"Harlequin Amulet;","title":"Joseph Grimaldi"},{"id":"1421068","text":"Party. This was soon followed by writings for socialist publications such as the \"New Leader\", the \"Socialist Review\" and the \"New Statesman\". During this period it became clear that Hobson favoured capitalist reformation over communist revolution. He was a notable critic of the Labour Government of 1929. During the later years of his life, Hobson published his autobiography, \"Confessions of an Economic Heretic\" (1938). R. H. Tawney wrote the following in \"\" (1920): The greater part of modern property has been attenuated to a pecuniary lien or bond on the product of industry which carries with it a right to","title":"John A. Hobson"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"id\": \"19505581\",\n \"text\": \"away from a congenital cardiac defect, and his nephew Robin falls to his death through a window. In the immediate aftermath of this, John caves in to his \\\"inappropriate\\\" feelings for his housekeeper's sister, Bronwen. He resumes his business life in London with his brother Edmund and falls under the spell of a powerful American millionaire, Armstrong. He's given a choice, marry Constance Armstrong, his American employer's daughter and advance his family's commercial and social standing, or follow his heart and spend the rest of his life with the working-class Welshwoman Bronwen, who is, he feels, the only person who\",\n \"title\": \"The Wheel of Fortune (novel)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19505573\",\n \"text\": \"The Wheel of Fortune (novel) \\\"The Wheel of Fortune\\\" (1984) is a novel by Susan Howatch and recounts the trials and tribulations of a fictitious British family, the Godwins, who appear to be part of the minor aristocracy. As the title of the novel and Boethius' comments on Fortune as printed on the first page of the very first part suggest, defying the ravages of time and fate forms a central theme to this novel, where the six primary characters seek to challenge fate or to make their own destinies regardless of the social norms or circumstances of the time.\",\n \"title\": \"The Wheel of Fortune (novel)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19505591\",\n \"text\": \"Gaunt) and Henry IV's eldest son King Henry V. The Wheel of Fortune (novel) \\\"The Wheel of Fortune\\\" (1984) is a novel by Susan Howatch and recounts the trials and tribulations of a fictitious British family, the Godwins, who appear to be part of the minor aristocracy. As the title of the novel and Boethius' comments on Fortune as printed on the first page of the very first part suggest, defying the ravages of time and fate forms a central theme to this novel, where the six primary characters seek to challenge fate or to make their own destinies regardless\",\n \"title\": \"The Wheel of Fortune (novel)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5686415\",\n \"text\": \"a wide variety of bass guitars. He at various times owned a good selection of Fender Precisions, a Danelectro Longhorn and a Wal bass. After Costello's initial split with the Attractions in 1987, Thomas recorded with such other artists as Billy Bragg, John Wesley Harding, and Suzanne Vega. In 1990 he released his first book \\\"The Big Wheel\\\", a memoir in which the key characters are recognizable without ever being identified by name. Costello, for instance, is called \\\"the singer.\\\" Apparently annoyed by his depiction in the book, Costello responded with the song \\\"How To Be Dumb\\\" on his album\",\n \"title\": \"Bruce Thomas\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19505574\",\n \"text\": \"The book's main events all revolve around a stately Georgian era home named Oxmoon, and are set on the Gower Peninsula in Wales, spanning a period of over forty years in which the owners of Oxmoon all have to face immense challenges, financial hardship and even personal tragedy. The book is divided into six parts, each one based on the point-of-view of several characters, namely: Upon the death of her husband Conor, Ginevra decides to leave New York City, entrust her young children to her late husband's family from Ireland, and return to Wales to stay with her childhood friend,\",\n \"title\": \"The Wheel of Fortune (novel)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6545503\",\n \"text\": \"Lady Carbury writes a novel entitled \\\"The Wheel of Fortune\\\" about a heroine who suffers great financial hardships. Selections from the \\\"Carmina Burana\\\", including the two poems quoted above, were set to new music by twentieth-century classical composer Carl Orff, whose well-known \\\"O Fortuna\\\" is based on the poem \\\"Fortuna Imperatrix Mundi\\\". Fortuna does occasionally turn up in modern literature, although these days she has become more or less synonymous with Lady Luck. Her Wheel is less widely used as a symbol, and has been replaced largely by a reputation for fickleness. She is often associated with gamblers, and dice\",\n \"title\": \"Rota Fortunae\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19505575\",\n \"text\": \"the lawyer and politician Robert Godwin (who is also heir presumptive to the Godwin family estate, Oxmoon). Robert, who usually prizes logical thinking, willpower and level-headedness, initially expresses annoyance and worry with his feelings for Ginevra (which are mutually reciprocated), but eventually gives in. As Robert and Ginevra revive their childhood relationship and eventually consummate it, he then decides to marry Ginevra but the marriage is vehemently opposed by his mother Margaret, and Robert soon learns why when he discovers several dark secrets in his family revolving around his father Bobby and his grandmother. Bobby killed his mother's lover, Owen\",\n \"title\": \"The Wheel of Fortune (novel)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19505582\",\n \"text\": \"knows his true self. John marries Constance but finds his marriage emotionally unsatisfying, so after finding out he has fathered a child with Bronwen, he leaves Constance, choosing love and ostracism over profit and respectability. He struggles socially while making his living through market farming with Thomas' help. The supportive Bronwen convinces John do the right thing, to relinquish his personal claim to Oxmoon, and to help aid his nephew Kester to succeed Bobby as master of Oxmoon, now that both Robert and Bobby are dying. Home-schooled by Ginevra and living a somewhat sheltered life in a house with a\",\n \"title\": \"The Wheel of Fortune (novel)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19505584\",\n \"text\": \"Oxmoon. Once Ginevra dies, Kester comes into his inheritance, but is an incurable romantic who prefers writing over farming, choosing to invest money in indulging his taste for art and sculpture rather than properly running the estate, much to the disgust of his uncle Thomas, and evoking the envy of his cousin Harry, John's son . Harry's jealousy stems from the fact Harry felt that his father should have inherited Oxmoon instead of Ginevra and Kester. Kester's relationship with Thomas becomes more heated and violent when he marries Anna, a German Jew on the run from Hitler's Nazi regime. With\",\n \"title\": \"The Wheel of Fortune (novel)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13515921\",\n \"text\": \"George Cranmer. He was also introduced to John Churchman, a distinguished London merchant who became Master of the Merchant Taylors Company. It was at this time, according to his first biographer Walton, that Hooker made the \\\"fatal mistake\\\" of marrying his landlady's daughter, Jean Churchman. As Walton put it: \\\"There is a wheel within a wheel; a secret sacred wheel of Providence (most visible in marriages), guided by His hand that allows not the race to the swift nor bread to the wise, nor good wives to good men: and He that can bring good out of evil (for mortals\",\n \"title\": \"Richard Hooker\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3322728\",\n \"text\": \"about her life at St George's Hall, Liverpool as part of the city's Homotopia festival on 15 November 2008, and on 18 February 2009 at the South Bank Centre. She lives in Fulham, South West London. \\\"April Ashley's Odyssey\\\", a biography by Duncan Fallowell, was published in 1982. In 2006, Ashley released her autobiography \\\"The First Lady\\\" and made TV appearances on Channel Five News, This Morning and BBC News. In one interview, she said, \\\"This is the real story and contains a lot of things I just couldn't say in 1982\\\", including alleged affairs with Michael Hutchence, Peter O'Toole,\",\n \"title\": \"April Ashley\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19505583\",\n \"text\": \"dying father and a sainted deceased older brother, Kester Godwin survives an awkward adolescence to become an author. His recollections reveal that he has inherited his mother's emotional intensity, her propensity for melodrama and sensual excess, as well as Robert's competitive spirit and obsessive nature, leaving Kester with a manipulative streak that becomes more apparent in Harry and Hal's stories. Upon his father's passing, Kester's Uncle John, whose brave romantic decision made him a hero in Ginevra's eyes, makes good his promise to the now deceased Robert and attempts to help Kester prepare for his role as the master of\",\n \"title\": \"The Wheel of Fortune (novel)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17209781\",\n \"text\": \"Western Australian Transport Board, retiring in 1952. As a soldier, in World War I he was awarded the Military Cross, and commanded the 9th Field Company in 1917-18. In World War II he was posted to Army Headquarters, Melbourne; as colonel, then brigadier, he occupied senior engineering staff posts. In retirement, he wrote an autobiography, The Turning Wheel (1960). His parents were Frederick Slade Drake-Brockman and Grace Bussell. He had four sisters and two brothers, including Major General Edmund Drake-Brockman (1884-1949) and Lady Deborah Vernon Hackett (1887-1965). In 1917 he married Alice Annie Wardlaw Milne in Hertfordshire, England. She died\",\n \"title\": \"Geoffrey Drake-Brockman (engineer)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10085960\",\n \"text\": \"know what this was used for?\\\" In two particularly memorable programmes (\\\"Horsemen\\\" and \\\"The Harvest\\\" directed by Geoffrey Weaver), Weaver assembled teams of men - some in their eighties - to demonstrate their now-lost skills with horses and in the fields. In his autobiography, Full Circle, Joice wrote that he ‘...was born with a naturally acquisitive and inquisitive nature, always wanting to find out how things worked and where they came from;’ and his own collection of bygone agricultural and domestic items was enormous. In 1979 this lifetime collection came to rest in the old stable block at Holkham Hall\",\n \"title\": \"Dick Joice\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3925658\",\n \"text\": \"Nicky Campbell Nicholas Andrew Argyll Campbell, OBE (born Nicholas Lackey, 10 April 1961) is a Scottish radio and television presenter and journalist. He has presented the BBC Radio 5 Live breakfast programme since 2003, BBC One's Sunday morning show \\\"The Big Questions\\\" since 2007, and \\\"Long Lost Family\\\" on ITV since 2011. He presented the game show \\\"Wheel of Fortune\\\" from 1988 until 1996, and the consumer affairs programme \\\"Watchdog\\\" from 2001 to 2009. Campbell was born in Edinburgh and adopted at four days old. He was educated at the independent school Edinburgh Academy. His adoptive mother was a psychiatric\",\n \"title\": \"Nicky Campbell\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19505577\",\n \"text\": \"and Ginevra stay together as husband and wife in London (where Robert has his practice as a lawyer), eventually having two sons of their own together, Robin and Kester. The First World War breaks out, and with it, the first of several family tragedies befalls the Godwin family. Robert's brothers Lionel and Edmund are sent to France, where Lionel is killed in action and Edmund is left psychologically maimed, leaving Robert broken and despondent. He takes up mountaineering, and goes off by himself periodically, leaving a bored and slightly paranoid Ginevra alone in their rural setting, with uncomfortable relations with\",\n \"title\": \"The Wheel of Fortune (novel)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19505590\",\n \"text\": \"the auspices of the National Trust. Shortly after the inauguration ceremony, the Godwin family enjoys one last dance in Oxmoon's now restored ballroom before closing for the night. Howatch acknowledges that this novel is in fact a re-creation in a modern form of the story of the Plantagenet family of Edward III of England, the modern characters being created from those of his eldest son Edward of Woodstock (\\\"The Black Prince\\\") and his wife Joan of Kent, John of Gaunt and his mistress, later wife, Katherine Swynford, Richard II (son of Edward of Woodstock), Henry IV (son of John of\",\n \"title\": \"The Wheel of Fortune (novel)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5914189\",\n \"text\": \"of U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt. After completing his term in the Senate, he returned to the practice of law. All the while, from 1905 until his death, he was a director of the Farmers' Bank of Delaware. Hughes was married to Caroline Taylor. Their great-granddaughter is actress Perrey Reeves. Hughes died at Lewes and is buried in the Lakeside Methodist Episcopal Cemetery at Dover. His home, Wheel of Fortune, was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1973. Elections are held the first Tuesday after November 1. U.S. Senators are popularly elected and take office January 3\",\n \"title\": \"James H. Hughes\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6545491\",\n \"text\": \"Rota Fortunae In medieval and ancient philosophy the Wheel of Fortune, or Rota Fortunae, is a symbol of the capricious nature of Fate. The wheel belongs to the goddess Fortuna (Greek equivalent Tyche) who spins it at random, changing the positions of those on the wheel: some suffer great misfortune, others gain windfalls. Fortune appears on all paintings as a woman, sometimes blindfolded, \\\"puppeteering\\\" a wheel. The origin of the word is from the \\\"wheel of fortune\\\" - the zodiac, referring to the Celestial spheres of which the 8th holds the stars, and the 9th is where the signs of\",\n \"title\": \"Rota Fortunae\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4675572\",\n \"text\": \"the 'theft' of sharing copyrighted works online, solemnly intoning that 'the law is the law.' So is a theft not a theft when the victim is the public, and not a private copyright holder?\\\" Autobiography of Mark Twain The Autobiography of Mark Twain refers to a lengthy set of reminiscences, dictated, for the most part, in the last few years of American author Mark Twain's life and left in typescript and manuscript at his death. The \\\"Autobiography\\\" comprises a rambling collection of anecdotes and ruminations rather than a conventional autobiography. Twain never compiled these writings and dictations into a publishable\",\n \"title\": \"Autobiography of Mark Twain\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7395351\",\n \"text\": \"of Pakistan's first Constitution. In 1949, Asad joined Pakistan's Ministry of Foreign Affairs as head of the Middle East Division and made efforts to strengthen Pakistan's ties with the Muslim states of the Middle East. In 1952, Asad was appointed as Pakistan's Minister Plenipotentiary to the United Nations in New York – a position that he relinquished in 1952 to write his autobiography (up to the age of 32), \\\"The Road to Mecca\\\". Asad contributed much to Pakistan's early political and cultural life but was shunned from the corridors of power. He served this country as the head of the\",\n \"title\": \"Muhammad Asad\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19505585\",\n \"text\": \"the Oxmoon estate in arrears thanks to Kester's mismanagement, John and Thomas are forced to seize control of Oxmoon's management from Kester and Anna. Naturally, Kester vows vengeance to retake back Oxmoon, and on Thomas for having publicly humiliated him and insulted his wife. Harry is seen as the perfect boy - handsome, clever and tough - but we learn he is a lost soul, wanting to follow music and desperate for his father's approval. After Bronwen leaves her beloved John to go to Canada to escape their socially-derided relationship, John resumes his London life with Constance and Harry silently\",\n \"title\": \"The Wheel of Fortune (novel)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19505588\",\n \"text\": \"Kester kills Thomas (in apparent self-defence), Harry chooses to help cover up the killing and make it look like he died in a car crash, but the struggle is far from over. Kester fears Harry exposing his killing of Thomas, while Harry in turn is afraid Kester will deprive him of Oxmoon and frame him for his uncle's death. Harry's story ends with a cliffhanger, following Kester's invitation to Harry to discuss and resolve their differences in an isolated area near a dangerous stretch of cliffs by the seashore. By 1966, Oxmoon is barely a shadow of its prewar self\",\n \"title\": \"The Wheel of Fortune (novel)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3200104\",\n \"text\": \"Mondavi died at his Yountville home on May 16, 2008 at the age of 94. An autobiography \\\"Harvests of Joy\\\" was published in 1998. Robert Mondavi was selected as the \\\"Decanter\\\" \\\"Man of the Year\\\" in 1989. He was inducted into the Junior Achievement U.S. Business Hall of Fame in 1991. In 2000 he was awarded Doctor of Oenology, Honoris Causa, by the Board of Trustees of Johnson & Wales University. In 2002, he received the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic. In 2005, he received the Legion of Honour from the French government. On December 5, 2007, California\",\n \"title\": \"Robert Mondavi\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3266660\",\n \"text\": \"has been found as far north as Castlecary, Scotland and an altar and statue can now be viewed at the Hunterian Museum in Glasgow. Fortuna's name seems to derive from \\\"Vortumna\\\" (she who revolves the year). The earliest reference to the Wheel of Fortune, emblematic of the endless changes in life between prosperity and disaster, is from 55 BC. In Seneca's tragedy \\\"Agamemnon\\\", a chorus addresses Fortuna in terms that would remain almost proverbial, and in a high heroic ranting mode that Renaissance writers would emulate: Ovid's description is typical of Roman representations: in a letter from exile he reflects\",\n \"title\": \"Fortuna\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6545501\",\n \"text\": \"of the genitive form \\\"Fortunae\\\". Excerpts from two of the collection's better known poems, \\\"\\\"Fortuna Imperatrix Mundi\\\" (Fortune, Empress of the World)\\\" and \\\"\\\"Fortune Plango Vulnera\\\" (I Bemoan the Wounds of Fortune),\\\" read: \\\" Fortune and her Wheel have remained an enduring image throughout history. Fortune's wheel can also be found in Thomas More's \\\"Utopia\\\". William Shakespeare in \\\"Hamlet\\\" wrote of the \\\"slings and arrows of outrageous fortune\\\" and, of fortune personified, to \\\"break all the spokes and fellies from her wheel.\\\" And in \\\"Henry V\\\", Act 3 Scene VI are the lines: Shakespeare also references this Wheel in \\\"King\",\n \"title\": \"Rota Fortunae\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7121326\",\n \"text\": \"Noah Dietrich Noah Dietrich (February 28, 1889 – February 15, 1982) was an American businessman, who was the chief executive officer of the Howard Hughes business empire from 1925 to 1957.According to his own memoirs, he left the Hughes operation over a dispute involving putting more of his income on a capital gains basis. The manuscript of his eventual memoir, \\\"Howard: The Amazing Mr. Hughes\\\", may have been a key, if inadvertent, source of novelist Clifford Irving's infamous fake autobiography of Hughes. Dietrich was born on February 28, 1889 in Madison, Wisconsin, the son of Lutheran minister John Dietrich, and\",\n \"title\": \"Noah Dietrich\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1779104\",\n \"text\": \"chose to remain with the rump 'continuing SDP' after the majority of the party's members voted to merge with the Liberal Party in 1988. He later sat as a crossbencher during his rare appearances in the House of Lords. The duke followed the family tradition of owning racehorses, the most famous of which was Park Top, the subject of the duke's first published book, \\\"A Romance of The Turf: Park Top\\\", which was published in 1976. His autobiography, \\\"Accidents of Fortune\\\", was published just before his death in 2004. The duke had many disputes over the years with the ramblers\",\n \"title\": \"Andrew Cavendish, 11th Duke of Devonshire\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1864887\",\n \"text\": \"other works are the 1950 play \\\"Flamineo\\\", based on John Webster's \\\"The White Devil\\\", the 1948 biography \\\"Oscar Wilde\\\" (extended in 1955 as \\\"Oscar Wilde, or The Destiny of Homosexuality\\\"), and various translations including Jonathan Swift's \\\"Gulliver's Travels\\\". In 1965 Merle wrote \\\"Moncada: premier combat de Fidel Castro\\\" and \\\"Ahmed Ben Bella\\\", and around this time translated the diaries of Che Guevara. Until the invasion of Afghanistan by the Red Army, Merle was briefly a member of the Communist Party. He said: Merle's \\\"major achievement\\\" was his 13-book series of historical novels, \\\"Fortune de France\\\" (1977–2003), which recreate 16th and\",\n \"title\": \"Robert Merle\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19505578\",\n \"text\": \"her inlaws, including straitlaced and judgmental John. She travels to London frequently, to see girlfriends and drink away her worries. Robert confides to Ginevra that following a friend's death in a mountaineering accident, he is terrified of the prospect of dying, especially more so now that Lionel is dead. Robert eventually decides to retire to Oxmoon with Ginevra, but even then that is not the end of their tribulations. Robert suddenly contracts an unnamed degenerative neurological disorder (described in 'Hal' as multiple sclerosis) that first manifests itself as unexplained tremors, later intensifying into full-blown paralysis over the next nine years.\",\n \"title\": \"The Wheel of Fortune (novel)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"529476\",\n \"text\": \"The Wheel of Time The Wheel of Time is a series of high fantasy novels written by American author James Oliver Rigney Jr., under his pen name of Robert Jordan. Originally planned as a six-book series, \\\"The Wheel of Time\\\" spanned fourteen volumes, in addition to a prequel novel and two companion books. Jordan began writing the first volume, \\\"The Eye of the World\\\", in 1984, and it was published in January 1990. The author died in 2007 while working on what was planned to be the twelfth and final volume in the series. He prepared extensive notes so another\",\n \"title\": \"The Wheel of Time\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19505580\",\n \"text\": \"Margaret, suddenly dies following a party, upsetting the balance of the family and unhinging Bobby, who then takes on a mistress, Milly Straker, who turns out to be a gold digger intent on seizing Oxmoon from the Godwins. As Bobby lapses into senility and falls under Straker's control, John, Robert, and their younger brother Thomas vie with her for control of Oxmoon. Due to Bobby's mismanagement a workers' strike breaks out, forcing Straker out of Oxmoon, leaving the mansion and the lands back in the hands of the Godwins. John is also personally affected when his young wife Blanche passes\",\n \"title\": \"The Wheel of Fortune (novel)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5292626\",\n \"text\": \"Swift with his \\\"Tristram Shandy\\\" (1759–1767). Tristram seeks to write his autobiography, but like Swift's narrator in \\\"A Tale of a Tub\\\", he worries that nothing in his life can be understood without understanding its context. For example, he tells the reader that at the very moment he was conceived, his mother was saying, \\\"Did you wind the clock?\\\". To clarify how he knows this, he explains that his father took care of winding the clock and \\\"other family business\\\" on one day a month. To explain why the clock had to be wound then, he has to explain his\",\n \"title\": \"Augustan literature\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6545509\",\n \"text\": \"players to discard their hands and draw new ones. Rota Fortunae In medieval and ancient philosophy the Wheel of Fortune, or Rota Fortunae, is a symbol of the capricious nature of Fate. The wheel belongs to the goddess Fortuna (Greek equivalent Tyche) who spins it at random, changing the positions of those on the wheel: some suffer great misfortune, others gain windfalls. Fortune appears on all paintings as a woman, sometimes blindfolded, \\\"puppeteering\\\" a wheel. The origin of the word is from the \\\"wheel of fortune\\\" - the zodiac, referring to the Celestial spheres of which the 8th holds the\",\n \"title\": \"Rota Fortunae\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16084035\",\n \"text\": \"months later, Cauet was found guilty of public defamation of an individual and sentenced to a 500 euro fine and one euro in damages. In October 2006, he released a book, \\\"Mystères, scandales et... fortune\\\" (Mysteries, Scandals and... Fortune). The same year, he released his autobiography with a deliberately provocative title \\\"Omar Harfouch: Confessions of a millionaire\\\", in which he sets things straight with the French \\\"celebrity scene\\\" and the so-called \\\"presse people\\\". Omar Harfouch Omar Harfouch (Arabic: عمر حرفوش; born 20 April 1969 in Tripoli in Lebanon) is a businessman with dual Lebanese and French citizenship. Owner of a\",\n \"title\": \"Omar Harfouch\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14090305\",\n \"text\": \"True Britt True Britt was a best-selling autobiography, published in 1980, by the actress Britt Ekland. Ekland describes her marriage with Peter Sellers, relationships with Rod Stewart and Lord Lichfield and affairs with, among others Warren Beatty and 'Count' Ascanio Cicogna, and discovering she was nearly bankrupt at a supposedly prolific time in her career. Ekland refers to Peter Sellers as 'Sellers', he in turn called her 'Britvic' She describes his obsessive behaviour and obsession with pleasing the Royal Family, both contributing factors in their ultimate divorce. \\\"I would squirm with embarrassment at the demeaning lengths he would stoop to\",\n \"title\": \"True Britt\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3568918\",\n \"text\": \"Circuit, and the Ninth Circuit denied a rehearing; Judge Kozinski issued a dissent. The U.S. Supreme Court denied certiorari. White ultimately was awarded $403,000 in damages. Vanna White Vanna White (born Vanna Marie Rosich; February 18, 1957) is an American television personality and film actress known as the hostess of \\\"Wheel of Fortune\\\" since 1982. White was born Vanna Marie Rosich, in Conway, South Carolina, the daughter of Joan Marie and Miguel Angel Rosich. Her parents divorced when she was an infant, and White took the name of her stepfather, Herbert Stackley White Jr., a former real estate broker in\",\n \"title\": \"Vanna White\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"206071\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"The Casual Vacancy\\\" (2012) and—under the pseudonym Robert Galbraith—the crime fiction novels \\\"The Cuckoo's Calling\\\" (2013), \\\"The Silkworm\\\" (2014), \\\"Career of Evil\\\" (2015), and \\\"Lethal White\\\" (2018). Rowling has lived a \\\"rags to riches\\\" life story, in which she progressed from living on state benefits to being the world's first billionaire author. She lost her billionaire status after giving away much of her earnings to charity, but remains one of the wealthiest people in the world. She is the United Kingdom's bestselling living author, with sales in excess of £238M. The 2016 \\\"Sunday Times Rich List\\\" estimated Rowling's fortune at\",\n \"title\": \"J. K. Rowling\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5464221\",\n \"text\": \"Reg Grundy Reginald Roy Grundy (4 August 1923 – 6 May 2016) was an Australian entrepreneur and media mogul, one of the pioneers and most successful of his generation, best known for his numerous television productions. He was the creator of game shows such as \\\"Blankety Blanks\\\" (based on a Mark Goodson-Bill Todman production, \\\"Match Game\\\") and \\\"Wheel of Fortune\\\" (based on the Merv Griffin production of the same name), before later diversifying into soap operas and serials including \\\"Prisoner\\\", \\\"The Young Doctors\\\", \\\"Sons and Daughters\\\" and \\\"Neighbours\\\", which was inducted into the Logie Hall of Fame in 2005. Reginald\",\n \"title\": \"Reg Grundy\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4192013\",\n \"text\": \"matter when or by whom it should arise.\\\" On 3 September 2010, the BBC News website published a profile of Collins that began: \\\"Former Formula Three driver Ben Collins has won a legal fight to publish an autobiography in which he claims to be The Stig.\\\" Collins' book, \\\"The Man in the White Suit,\\\" was published 16 September 2010. Immediately following the High Court's decision, \\\"Top Gear\\\" presenter James May commented, \\\"Obviously I'm now going to have to take some legal action of my own, because I have been the Stig for the past seven years, and I don't know\",\n \"title\": \"The Stig\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11458284\",\n \"text\": \"was a fellow of the Royal Society and a founder member of the Royal Automobile Club. Evelyn Crompton was born at Sion Hill, near Thirsk, Yorkshire, one of five children. From an early age he was interested in machines and engineering. His autobiography tells how a trip to the Great Exhibition aged 6 had a profound impact on him: \\\"\\\"For me, the unforgettable part and focus of the whole exhibition was the Machinery Hall...neither Koh-I-Noor diamond, nor Osler's crystal fountain...had any attractions for me to compare with those of the locomotives, with their brilliantly polished piston rods and brasses burnished\",\n \"title\": \"R. E. B. Crompton\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"577134\",\n \"text\": \"1998. Wallis was plagued by rumours of other lovers. The gay American playboy Jimmy Donahue, an heir to the Woolworth fortune, claimed to have had a liaison with the Duchess in the 1950s, but Donahue was notorious for his inventive pranks and rumour-mongering. Wallis's memoirs, \\\"The Heart Has Its Reasons\\\", were published in 1956. One of her biographers, Charles Higham, said of the book, \\\"facts were remorselessly rearranged in what amounted to a self-performed face-lift ... reflecting in abundance its author's politically misguided but winning and desirable personality.\\\" He describes the Duchess as \\\"charismatic, electric and compulsively ambitious\\\". \\\"The Daily\",\n \"title\": \"Wallis Simpson\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19505579\",\n \"text\": \"By the end of Ginevra's story, Robert is wheelchair-bound and realises his condition will only get worse. Feeling she might be happier married to someone else, Robert offers his wife a divorce but Ginevra declines, vowing to stay on by Robert's side till the bitter end, saying \\\"I could always walk out on a husband. But I could never turn my back on a friend.\\\" Back in Oxmoon, John Godwin, one of Robert's surviving brothers, begins planning to take over as the heir of Oxmoon as Robert's disease begins to take hold, but more deaths soon take place. Bobby's wife,\",\n \"title\": \"The Wheel of Fortune (novel)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19573965\",\n \"text\": \"Kevin Lacz Kevin \\\"Dauber\\\" Lacz is a United States Navy SEAL veteran who served two tours in the Iraq War. His platoon's 2006 deployment to Ramadi has been discussed in several books, including Dick Couch's \\\"The Sheriff of Ramadi\\\", Jim DeFelice's \\\"Code Name: Johnny Walker\\\", and Chris Kyle's New York Times best-selling autobiography, \\\"American Sniper\\\". Lacz's presence in the book led to his involvement in the production of and eventual casting in the Clint Eastwood-directed Oscar-winning biopic of the same name (starring Bradley Cooper). Lacz was born in Meriden, Connecticut, where he lived until the age of 12, at which\",\n \"title\": \"Kevin Lacz\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4923314\",\n \"text\": \"William Slater Brown William Slater Brown (November 13, 1896 – June 22, 1997) was an American novelist, biographer, and translator of French literature. Most notably, he was a friend of the poet E. E. Cummings and is best known as the character \\\"B.\\\" in Cumming's 1922 memoir/novel \\\"The Enormous Room\\\". His books, published under the name Slater Brown, include the novel \\\"The Burning Wheel\\\" (1943); \\\"Ethan Allen and the Green Mountain Boys\\\" (1956), a biography for children; and \\\"The Heyday of Spiritualism\\\" (1970), a study of the 19th-century interest in parapsychology and the occult. Brown was born to the physician\",\n \"title\": \"William Slater Brown\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11430063\",\n \"text\": \"Fremantle Australia Fremantle Australia (formerly FremantleMedia Australia) is the Australian arm of global British production and entertainment company Fremantle and was formed in 2006 by the merger of market leader Grundy Television and comedy specialists Crackerjack Productions, who had both previously been acquired by Fremantle. Grundy was founded by Reg Grundy, its first production being \\\"Wheel of Fortune\\\" in 1959, which was an original idea devised by Reg for a radio game show, before taking the idea to Sydney television network TCN9 (now part of the Nine Network). The then 36-year-old worked as both the host of the show and\",\n \"title\": \"Fremantle Australia\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1273558\",\n \"text\": \"madness, or cure infertility. The water of the Styx causes immediate death. Book XIV covers geography, describing the Earth, islands, promontories, mountains and caves. The earth is divided into three parts, Asia occupying half the globe, and Europe and Africa each occupying a quarter. Europe is separated from Africa by the Mediterranean, reaching in from the Ocean that flows all around the land. Isidore writes that the \\\"orbis\\\" of the earth, translated by Barney as \\\"globe\\\", \\\"derives its name from the roundness of the circle, because it resembles a wheel; hence a small wheel is called a 'small disk' (\\\"orbiculus\\\")\\\".\",\n \"title\": \"Etymologiae\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6545504\",\n \"text\": \"could also be said to have replaced the Wheel as the primary metaphor for uncertain fortune. In his novel, \\\"The Club Dumas\\\", Arturo Pérez-Reverte includes a wheel of fortune in one of the illustrations that accompany the text. Ignatius J. Reilly, the central protagonist of John Kennedy Toole's novel \\\"A Confederacy of Dunces\\\", states that he believes the Rota Fortunae to be the source of all men's fate. Jerry Garcia recorded a song entitled \\\"The Wheel\\\" (co-written with Robert Hunter and Bill Kreutzmann) for his 1972 solo album \\\"Garcia\\\", and performed the song regularly with the Grateful Dead from 1976\",\n \"title\": \"Rota Fortunae\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19505576\",\n \"text\": \"Bryn-Davies, to keep him from defrauding the Godwin family of Oxmoon, and has been psychologically damaged ever since. With Margaret's resigned tolerance and understanding, Bobby engaged in many sexual affairs to relieve himself of the guilt of having murdered Owen and one of the women he slept with was a teenaged Ginevra. Notwithstanding the opposition of his family, Robert goes ahead and marries Ginevra, and despite the abrasive differences inherent in their own individual personalities (Ginevra's describes her mind was all \\\"splashes of colour\\\" and Robert as \\\"emotionally colour-blind\\\") as well as the opposition of Ginevra's children with Conor, Robert\",\n \"title\": \"The Wheel of Fortune (novel)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2629759\",\n \"text\": \"and asked Korda if he thought anyone would notice, he said. Howatch followed a similar theme in her vast saga, \\\"The Wheel of Fortune\\\", where the story of the Godwin family of Oxmoon in Gower, South Wales, is in fact a re-creation in a modern form of the story of the Plantagenet family of Edward III of England, the modern characters being created from those of his eldest son Edward of Woodstock (\\\"The Black Prince\\\") and his wife Joan of Kent, John of Gaunt and his mistress, later wife, Katherine Swynford, Richard II (son of Edward of Woodstock), Henry IV\",\n \"title\": \"Susan Howatch\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2964519\",\n \"text\": \"Kay Starr Katherine Laverne Starks (July 21, 1922November 3, 2016), known professionally as Kay Starr, was an American pop and jazz singer who enjoyed considerable success in the late 1940s and 1950s. She is best remembered for introducing two songs that became No. 1 hits \\\"Wheel of Fortune\\\" in 1951 and \\\"(The) Rock and Roll Waltz\\\" in 1955. Starr was successful in every field of music she tried, such as jazz, pop, and country; but her roots were in jazz. Billie Holiday called her \\\"the only white woman who could sing the blues.\\\" Kay Starr was born Katherine Laverne Starks\",\n \"title\": \"Kay Starr\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1518065\",\n \"text\": \"in support of extending of the Voting Rights Act in 1982. In 1989, Abernathy wrote \\\"And the Walls Came Tumbling Down: An Autobiography\\\", a controversial autobiography about his and King's involvement in the Civil Rights Movement. He was ridiculed for the revelations in the book about Martin Luther King's alleged infidelity. Abernathy eventually became less active in politics and returned to his work as a minister. He died of heart disease on April 17, 1990. His tombstone is engraved with the words \\\"I tried\\\". Abernathy, 10th of William and Louivery Abernathy's 12 children, was born on March 11, 1926, on\",\n \"title\": \"Ralph Abernathy\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19594\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"The Secret of Business is the Management of Men\\\" (1903), \\\"James Watt\\\" (1905) in the Famous Scots Series, \\\"Problems of Today\\\" (1907), and his posthumously published \\\"Autobiography of Andrew Carnegie\\\" (1920). Carnegie received the honorary Doctor of Laws (DLL) from the University of Glasgow in June 1901, and received the Freedom of the City of Glasgow \\\"\\\"in recognition of his munificence\\\"\\\" later the same year. In July 1902 he received the Freedom of the city of St Andrews, \\\"\\\"in testimony of his great zeal for the welfare of his fellow-men on both sides of the Atlantic\\\",\\\" and in October 1902\",\n \"title\": \"Andrew Carnegie\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3568913\",\n \"text\": \"show. On December 13, 1982, White became the regular hostess. Her 1987 autobiography, \\\"Vanna Speaks!\\\", was a best-seller. Also in 1987, she was featured in a \\\"Playboy\\\" pictorial, showing photos taken of her by her boyfriend (before her career on \\\"Wheel of Fortune\\\") wearing see-through lingerie. In 1988, she appeared in the NBC television film \\\"Goddess of Love\\\", in which she played Venus; Betsy Palmer co-starred as Juno. The film was panned universally by critics, with \\\"TV Guide\\\" joking that White's acting was \\\"wheely\\\" bad. Film historian Leonard Maltin added that the picture was \\\"bottom-of-the-barrel yet, on its own terms,\",\n \"title\": \"Vanna White\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3065171\",\n \"text\": \"with a Doctor of Humane Letters by University President Anthony J. Cernera. Ebersol is the 2014 recipient of the Paul White Award, the highest award presented by the Radio Television Digital News Association. Ebersol was previously married to former \\\"Wheel of Fortune\\\" hostess Susan Stafford from 1976-81. They had no children. He has been married to actress Susan Saint James since 1981. They have three children together, Charlie, Willie, and Teddy, who died in a plane crash in 2004. Saint James has two children from a previous marriage. On November 28, 2004, a private charter jet carrying Ebersol and two\",\n \"title\": \"Dick Ebersol\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9107794\",\n \"text\": \"in order to better understand how she functions. After being whisked away by a dragon-pulled chariot, he is guided through Fortune’s abode by Divine Providence (allegorized as a female character). There he sees not one Wheel of Fortune, but three, representing the past, present and future; each is composed of a series of Dante-like circles ruled by different planets. The circles contain examples of virtuous and unvirtuous historical figures. In the seventh circle, he encounters only one figure – Álvaro de Luna, who is seen as a horseman dominating Fortune, a wild horse. Having finished his tour of Fortune’s home,\",\n \"title\": \"Laberinto de Fortuna\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11027351\",\n \"text\": \"season with the New York Rangers hockey team, \\\"Steal This Dream\\\", an oral biography of Abbie Hoffman. His book \\\"The Secret Life of Houdini\\\", written with magic historian William Kalush, presented research that attempted to prove that early 20th-century American magician Harry Houdini was a spy. The authors also raised the possibility that Houdini had been murdered by a cabal of Spiritualists, prompting Houdini's great-nephew to call for an exhumation of the magician's body to test for poisoning. Sloman's other collaborations include \\\"Mysterious Stranger\\\", with the magician David Blaine and \\\"Scar Tissue\\\", the autobiography of the Red Hot Chili Peppers\",\n \"title\": \"Larry Sloman\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"366994\",\n \"text\": \"Robert Jordan James Oliver Rigney Jr. (October 17, 1948 – September 16, 2007), better known by his pen name Robert Jordan, was an American author of epic fantasy. He is best known for the \\\"Wheel of Time\\\" series, which comprises 14 books and a prequel novel. He is one of several writers to have written original Conan the Barbarian novels; his are highly acclaimed to this day. Rigney also wrote historical fiction under his pseudonym Reagan O'Neal, a western as Jackson O'Reilly, and dance criticism as Chang Lung. Additionally, he ghostwrote an \\\"international thriller\\\" that is still believed to have\",\n \"title\": \"Robert Jordan\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3791484\",\n \"text\": \"T. C. Murray Thomas Cornelius Murray (17 January 1873 – 7 March 1959) was an Irish dramatist who was closely associated with the Abbey Theatre. He was born in Macroom, County Cork, and educated at St Patrick's Teacher Training College in Drumcondra, Dublin. He worked as a schoolteacher and in 1900 was appointed headmaster of the national school in Rathduff, Co. Cork. His first play, \\\"The Wheel of Fortune\\\", was produced by the Little Theatre in Cork in 1909. It was revised and renamed \\\"Sovereign Love\\\" in 1913. Murray had co-founded the theatre with Daniel Corkery, Con O'Leary and Terence\",\n \"title\": \"T. C. Murray\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9772181\",\n \"text\": \"his biographies of Harriet Tubman. He wrote a fantasy novel about an African American nation being carved out of the American South, a country in the shape of Africa. Conrad penned these following works under his name, or with collaboration. Earl Conrad Earl Conrad (17 December 1912 - 17 January 1986), birth name Cohen, was an American author who penned at least twenty works of biography, history, and criticism, including books in collaboration. At least one that he 'ghost' wrote was the autobiography of actor Errol Flynn, titled \\\"My Wicked, Wicked Ways\\\". Conrad was born to Eli and Minnie Cohen\",\n \"title\": \"Earl Conrad\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9613470\",\n \"text\": \"to the Lending Code. The bank is covered by the Financial Services Compensation Scheme with Adam and Company, The One account, Child & Co., Drummonds Bank and Holts under one licence. The Royal Bank of Scotland Group uses branding developed for the Bank on its merger with the National Commercial Bank of Scotland in 1969. The Group's logo takes the form of an abstract symbol of four inward-pointing arrows known as the \\\"\\\"Daisy Wheel\\\"\\\" and is based on an arrangement of 36 piles of coins in a 6 by 6 square, representing \\\"the accumulation and concentration of wealth by the\",\n \"title\": \"Royal Bank of Scotland\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8307007\",\n \"text\": \"no clearance of older gravestones. In 1810 there was a screen between the body of the church and the chancel, which was destroyed in December 2001, which revealed a series of wall paintings. These paintings are similar to that found in the nearby St Botolph, North Cove. The image depicts the theme of the 'Wheel of Fortune' and the unpredictable nature of human affairs. A crowned figure is found sitting on top of a wheel rotating it, to which humankind must follow the rotation. The rotation is circular, so a downturn in human affairs must be inevitably followed by an\",\n \"title\": \"St Andrew, Ilketshall\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"23895\",\n \"text\": \"conformed to them. Another autobiography of the period is \\\"De vita propria\\\", by the Italian mathematician, physician and astrologer Gerolamo Cardano (1574). It is often claimed that the earliest known autobiography in English is the early 15th-century \\\"Book of Margery Kempe\\\", describing among other things Kempe's pilgrimage to the Holy Land and visit to Rome although it is, at best, only a partial autobiography and arguably more a memoir of religious experiences. The book remained in manuscript and was not published until 1936. Possibly the first publicly available autobiography written in English was Captan John Smith's autobiography published in 1630\",\n \"title\": \"Autobiography\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9772178\",\n \"text\": \"Earl Conrad Earl Conrad (17 December 1912 - 17 January 1986), birth name Cohen, was an American author who penned at least twenty works of biography, history, and criticism, including books in collaboration. At least one that he 'ghost' wrote was the autobiography of actor Errol Flynn, titled \\\"My Wicked, Wicked Ways\\\". Conrad was born to Eli and Minnie Cohen in Auburn, New York, into a Jewish family with nine siblings. He was \\\"reared in the Judaic tradition\\\" but chose to Anglicize his name when he began his career as a professional journalist. He wished to be a writer from\",\n \"title\": \"Earl Conrad\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5437918\",\n \"text\": \"and commonplace assumptions. The novel in three books is virtually all narrative voice, with a few interpolated narratives, such as \\\"Slawkenbergius's Tale.\\\" Tristram seeks to write his autobiography, but like Swift's narrator in \\\"A Tale of a Tub,\\\" he worries that nothing in his life can be understood without understanding its context. For example, he tells the reader that at the very moment he was conceived, his mother was saying, \\\"Did you wind the clock?\\\" To explain how he knows this, he explains that his father took care of winding the clock and \\\"other family business\\\" on one day a\",\n \"title\": \"Augustan prose\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3925672\",\n \"text\": \"'March for Elephants and Rhino' and written extensively on the issues for the national press. He works closely with Will Travers, Virginia McKenna and the Born Free Foundation. He has homes in Salford, Clapham and Glenelg. Nicky Campbell Nicholas Andrew Argyll Campbell, OBE (born Nicholas Lackey, 10 April 1961) is a Scottish radio and television presenter and journalist. He has presented the BBC Radio 5 Live breakfast programme since 2003, BBC One's Sunday morning show \\\"The Big Questions\\\" since 2007, and \\\"Long Lost Family\\\" on ITV since 2011. He presented the game show \\\"Wheel of Fortune\\\" from 1988 until 1996,\",\n \"title\": \"Nicky Campbell\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12566242\",\n \"text\": \"can live for the rest of my life in the reasonably modest way I am now used to, that I have no debts and I can afford to refuse work that doesn't appeal to me.\\\" In his autobiography, \\\"Blessings In Disguise\\\", Guinness tells an imaginary interviewer \\\"Blessed be \\\"Star Wars\\\"\\\", regarding the income it provided. In the final volume of the book \\\"A Positively Final Appearance\\\" (1997), Guinness recounts grudgingly giving an autograph to a young fan who claimed to have watched \\\"Star Wars\\\" over a hundred times, on the condition that the boy promise to stop watching the film\",\n \"title\": \"Alec Guinness\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19505586\",\n \"text\": \"melts down at boarding school. John's absence from Wales gives young master of the castle Kester more room to live an idyllic life at Oxmoon, which infuriates Harry. He finds some solace in a local, distant relative, with whom he has nothing in common but sexual attraction. They later marry and have four mostly accidental children who cause Harry more trouble than joy. Desperately unhappy, he volunteers for military service to get away from his pain. A moment of pure joy awaits Harry upon his return — since his stepmother Constance died two years ago his father rekindled his relationship\",\n \"title\": \"The Wheel of Fortune (novel)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5023652\",\n \"text\": \"serial, edited by John McElroy and titled \\\"The Crusade\\\", was published by Titan Books in November 1994. It was the tenth in that publisher's series of \\\"Doctor Who\\\" script books, following \\\"Galaxy 4\\\". At the time that the book was prepared, the BBC archives held only one episode of \\\"The Crusade\\\" on video (\\\"The Wheel of Fortune\\\") and no audio recordings. In 1991, \\\"The Wheel of Fortune\\\", then the only episode known extant, was released on VHS as part of \\\"The Hartnell Years\\\" (BBCV 4608), presented by Seventh Doctor, Sylvester McCoy, with McCoy giving a brief 're-cap' of events before\",\n \"title\": \"The Crusade (Doctor Who)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9762588\",\n \"text\": \"appendix added addressed to the Holy Roman Emperor Charles IV as a final plea to move the papacy back to Rome. Petrarch here writes of the wheel of Lady Fortune, Several other works have used the title \\\"Book without a name\\\" including those by Liber sine nomine The (The Book without a Name) is a collection of nineteen personal letters written in Latin by the fourteenth century Italian poet and Renaissance humanist Petrarch. The letters being harshly critical of the Avignon papacy, they were withheld from the larger collection of his \\\"Epistolae familiares\\\" (\\\"Letters to Friends\\\") and assembled in a\",\n \"title\": \"Liber sine nomine\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13925857\",\n \"text\": \"12 years old; Richard, 10, and Johnny, 8, were the children of Jim Abbe, an itinerant photographer, and his wife, the former Polly Platt, once a Ziegfeld girl. Prodded by their mother, the children dictated their memoirs, which Bye sold as \\\"Around the World in Eleven Years\\\". According to the Abbe family, Patience Abbe was the primary author. The book was a surprise hit. In 1954, Bye arranged the sale to Hollywood of Lindbergh's best-selling autobiography, \\\"The Spirit of St. Louis\\\", for more than $1,000,000. But Bye was initially unenthusiastic about Laura Ingalls Wilder, commenting that the manuscript of her\",\n \"title\": \"George T. Bye\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1759304\",\n \"text\": \"in [this] book of magic, intrigue, and warfare, but very little that is very good.\\\" In all probability, the title is a tongue-in cheek reference to the similarly titled novel The Guns of Navarone by Alistair MacLean. In addition to sounding alike, both Avalon and Navarone are fictional islands. Some of the imagery in the book is inspired by Tarot art. For example, when Ganelon ties the golden-haired youth by one ankle to a tree branch, this mimics the Tarot card \\\"The Hanged Man\\\". The wheel that Corwin dreams about is inspired by the Tarot card \\\"Wheel of Fortune\\\". In\",\n \"title\": \"The Guns of Avalon\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3575084\",\n \"text\": \"authors. In the late 1960s and early 1970s, what has come to be known as the \\\"fab five\\\" were published: \\\"I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings\\\" (1969), an autobiography of the early years of American poet Maya Angelou; \\\"The Friends\\\" (1973) by Rosa Guy; the semi-autobiographical \\\"The Bell Jar\\\" (US 1963, under a pseudonym; UK 1967) by poet Sylvia Plath; \\\"Bless the Beasts and Children\\\" (1970) by Glendon Swarthout; and \\\"Deathwatch\\\" (1972) by Robb White, which was awarded 1973 Edgar Award for Best Juvenile Mystery by the Mystery Writers of America. The works of Angelou, Guy, and Plath were\",\n \"title\": \"Young adult fiction\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5023645\",\n \"text\": \"TARDIS vanish, they agree to keep the story quiet, so as not to look like fools. On board the TARDIS, the crew enjoy a good laugh over their escape. As the TARDIS prepares to land, the power fails and all the interior lights dim. The crew freeze into immobility. Copies of the four episodes were believed lost in the mass deletion of episode recordings in the 1970s, with BBC Enterprises deleting their copies. The BBC Film Library retained a copy of \\\"The Wheel of Fortune\\\" that it had accidentally acquired, but a copy of \\\"The Lion\\\" had been junked from\",\n \"title\": \"The Crusade (Doctor Who)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1452046\",\n \"text\": \"1942, Buñuel applied for American citizenship, because he anticipated that MoMA would soon be put under federal control. But that same year, Dalí published his autobiography, \\\"The Secret Life of Salvador Dalí\\\", in which he made it clear that he had split with Buñuel because the latter was a Communist and an atheist. News of this reached Archbishop Spellman, who angrily confronted Barry with the question: \\\"Are you aware that you are harbouring in this Museum the Antichrist, the man who made a blasphemous film \\\"L'Age d'Or\\\"?\\\" At the same time, a campaign on the part of Hollywood, through its\",\n \"title\": \"Luis Buñuel\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5709412\",\n \"text\": \"ICon: Steve Jobs iCon: Steve Jobs, The Greatest Second Act in the History of Business is an unauthorized biography by Jeffrey S. Young and William L. Simon about the return of Steve Jobs to Apple Inc in 1997. It was published in 2005. The book's title is a pun with one connotation that of Jobs as an icon with attributes to be admired, while carrying the negative interpretation as I-(am a)-Con, as in a con man, criticized for charisma used in harmful ways such as the \\\"reality distortion field\\\". The non-capitalized \\\"i\\\" at the beginning is also in reference to\",\n \"title\": \"ICon: Steve Jobs\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7111148\",\n \"text\": \"the thought of what this entire illicit affair would do to the image of Wall Street. Left alone, Kate and Charlie resolve against suicide. Charlie is determined to come up with a solution and to make a life with Kate. At Wingate's brokerage, the bottom is about to fall out. Even the Senator is resigned to having to live off of only his congressional salary from now on. Suddenly Charley comes in with Kate and the solution to the problem: the legendary old man A.K. himself, in a wheel-chair. Wall Street respects everything A.K. does in the stock market. Doddering\",\n \"title\": \"How Now, Dow Jones\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9416703\",\n \"text\": \"trip over the Atlas Mountains in Morocco, and is followed by 28 chapters in which Branson recounts the first 43 years of his life. The book ends in January 1993, in the wake of Virgin Atlantic's victory in their court case against British Airways. An epilogue briefly details events since 1993 including the launch of Virgin Cola, the financial services company Virgin Direct and Branson's charitable bid to run the United Kingdom's National Lottery. Losing My Virginity Losing My Virginity: The Autobiography is the autobiography of the British businessman Richard Branson. Published in 1998, it was later followed by other\",\n \"title\": \"Losing My Virginity\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4871520\",\n \"text\": \"had three sons, John, Christopher (Kip) and Stephen. Fitch died on October 31, 2012, of Merkel cell carcinoma at his home in Connecticut. In addition to numerous articles in magazines as well as the Encyclopædia Britannica, Fitch wrote his autobiography (somewhat prematurely, in 1960), \\\"Adventure on Wheels\\\", published by G.P. Putnam & Sons. In 1993 an authorised biography titled \\\"John Fitch: Racing Through Life\\\", written by James Grinnell, was published. The book \\\"Racing Through Life\\\" by Carl Goodwin also documents Fitch's life. Fitch wrote of his years with the Mercedes-Benz racing team in his 2005 book, \\\"Racing with Mercedes\\\" Photo\",\n \"title\": \"John Fitch (racing driver)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19573973\",\n \"text\": \"to actively support service members and veterans by tending to their medical needs. Kevin Lacz Kevin \\\"Dauber\\\" Lacz is a United States Navy SEAL veteran who served two tours in the Iraq War. His platoon's 2006 deployment to Ramadi has been discussed in several books, including Dick Couch's \\\"The Sheriff of Ramadi\\\", Jim DeFelice's \\\"Code Name: Johnny Walker\\\", and Chris Kyle's New York Times best-selling autobiography, \\\"American Sniper\\\". Lacz's presence in the book led to his involvement in the production of and eventual casting in the Clint Eastwood-directed Oscar-winning biopic of the same name (starring Bradley Cooper). Lacz was born\",\n \"title\": \"Kevin Lacz\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6545495\",\n \"text\": \"aid religious instruction. Though classically Fortune's Wheel could be favourable and disadvantageous, medieval writers preferred to concentrate on the tragic aspect, dwelling on downfall of the mighty - serving to remind people of the temporality of earthly things. In the morality play \\\"Everyman\\\" (c. 1495), for instance, Death comes unexpectedly to claim the protagonist. Fortune's Wheel has spun Everyman low, and Good Deeds, which he previously neglected, are needed to secure his passage to heaven. Geoffrey Chaucer used the concept of the tragic Wheel of Fortune a great deal. It forms the basis for the \\\"Monk's Tale\\\", which recounts stories\",\n \"title\": \"Rota Fortunae\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3568911\",\n \"text\": \"Vanna White Vanna White (born Vanna Marie Rosich; February 18, 1957) is an American television personality and film actress known as the hostess of \\\"Wheel of Fortune\\\" since 1982. White was born Vanna Marie Rosich, in Conway, South Carolina, the daughter of Joan Marie and Miguel Angel Rosich. Her parents divorced when she was an infant, and White took the name of her stepfather, Herbert Stackley White Jr., a former real estate broker in what is now North Myrtle Beach, South Carolina. Before her appearance on TV in 1980, White was a contestant in the Miss Georgia 1978 pageant. White's\",\n \"title\": \"Vanna White\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8459972\",\n \"text\": \"also had guest roles as two separate Romulan characters in \\\"\\\" and as Magistrate Augris in the \\\"\\\" episode \\\"Resistance\\\". In 2003 he co-starred with his son Jonathan in \\\"Burn: The Robert Wraight Story\\\". After returning to Canada from Los Angeles in 2002, he began writing novels under the pseudonym Clanash Farjeon (an anagram of his full name). The titles include \\\"A Handbook for Attendants on the Insane: the Autobiography of Jack the Ripper as Revealed to Clanash Farjeon\\\" (which has been called 'one of the finest books on historical crime ever published'), \\\"The Vampires of Ciudad Juarez\\\", about the\",\n \"title\": \"Alan Scarfe\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7221285\",\n \"text\": \"story in the novel, in which Ebenezer bequeaths his autobiography (\\\"The Book of Ebenezer Le Page\\\") to his young artist friend Neville Falla, the motorcycling rebel with a heart of gold. Since its publication in 1981, it has been critically acclaimed, as well as winning the admiration of the people of Guernsey for so accurately capturing the island and its character. John Fowles wrote an enthusiastic introduction to the Book, it was very favorably reviewed by William Golding, among several others, and Harold Bloom included it in \\\"The Western Canon\\\". Stephen Orgel wrote that it was 'one of the greatest\",\n \"title\": \"The Book of Ebenezer Le Page\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3889757\",\n \"text\": \"Charlie O'Donnell Charles John O'Donnell (August 12, 1932 – November 1, 2010) was an American radio and television announcer, primarily known for his work on game shows. Among them, he was best known for \\\"Wheel of Fortune\\\", where he worked from 1975 to 1980, and again from 1989 until his death. O'Donnell, a native Philadelphian, began his career as a teenager at WCHA in Chambersburg, Pennsylvania. In 1956, he worked as program director at WHAT, a 250-watt R&B station in Philadelphia, where he discovered and launched the career of future Philadelphia radio personality Hy Lit. When WIBG became top-40 in\",\n \"title\": \"Charlie O'Donnell\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1462354\",\n \"text\": \"Chuck Barris Charles Hirsch Barris (June 3, 1929 – March 21, 2017) was an American game show creator, producer and host. Barris was known for hosting \\\"The Gong Show\\\" and creating \\\"The Dating Game\\\" and \\\"The Newlywed Game\\\". He was also a songwriter who wrote \\\"Palisades Park\\\" for Freddy Cannon. Barris wrote an autobiography titled \\\"Confessions of a Dangerous Mind\\\", which was made into the film of the same name directed by George Clooney. Barris was born to a Jewish family in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on June 3, 1929, the son of Edith (née Cohen) and Nathaniel Barris, a dentist. His\",\n \"title\": \"Chuck Barris\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9219566\",\n \"text\": \"research on plants was published in a series of books, and in his final book, \\\"The Formation of Vegetable Mould, through the Actions of Worms\\\" (1881), he examined earthworms and their effect on soil. Darwin has been described as one of the most influential figures in human history, and he was honoured by burial in Westminster Abbey. Charles Robert Darwin was born in Shrewsbury, Shropshire, on 12 February 1809, at his family's home, The Mount. He was the fifth of six children of wealthy society doctor and financier Robert Darwin and Susannah Darwin (\\\"née\\\" Wedgwood). He was the grandson of\",\n \"title\": \"Charles Darwin\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19505587\",\n \"text\": \"with Bronwen, the woman Harry considers his mother and his guide towards the good. He arrives at the estate to find her there waiting, and after a tearful reunion, he sees John and Bronwen finally marry. The conflict between the two cousins still remains however, and grows with the eerily coinciding deaths of the young wives of both men. Harry's hatred of Kester only increases when it's revealed that he is estranged from his own young sons (who blame him for their mother's death from complications in childbirth) even as Kester ingratiates himself with one of them, Hal. Yet when\",\n \"title\": \"The Wheel of Fortune (novel)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10674967\",\n \"text\": \"ensuing accident. \\\"Fate Is the Hunter\\\" was nominally based on the bestselling 1961 memoir of the same name by Ernest K. Gann, but the author was so disappointed with the result, as it bore no relation to the book which was about Gann's own early flying career, that he asked to have his name removed from the credits. In his autobiography, \\\"A Hostage to Fortune\\\", Gann wrote, \\\"They obliged and, as a result, I deprived myself of the TV residuals, a medium in which the film played interminably\\\". (Some prints of the film were released with Gann's name still in\",\n \"title\": \"Fate Is the Hunter (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19505589\",\n \"text\": \"and in a state of disrepair due to the lack of funds available for renovation. In Hal Godwin's account, it is revealed that his uncle Kester was found drowned fourteen years before, and so Hal's story is reminiscent of a crime fiction tale as he seeks to prove that his uncle's death was neither due to suicide nor accident. Hal eventually discovers that his father murdered Kester, but along with this terrible revelation, Hal finds an unlikely means of saving Oxmoon thanks to Kester's literary genius. The novel ends with Oxmoon being restored and reopened as a tourist attraction under\",\n \"title\": \"The Wheel of Fortune (novel)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16971905\",\n \"text\": \"the soundtrack of \\\"Down and Out in Beverly Hills\\\". Lifetime Friend Lifetime Friend is an album from Little Richard, his first album in seven years since the release of the 1979 gospel album, \\\"God's Beautiful City\\\". Following that album's release and some 1981 recordings, Richard had made no recordings while he continued his career in the ministry. Following the release of his autobiography, \\\"The Quasar of Rock and Roll\\\", in 1984, Richard had reemerged in the public eye and was starting to be recognized for his contributions to popular music as one of the founders of rock and roll music.\",\n \"title\": \"Lifetime Friend\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8755280\",\n \"text\": \"President George H. W. Bush's National Commission on America's Urban Families. On Sunday, December 16, 2007, television pastor Joel Osteen of Lakewood Church in Houston, Texas talked about Bill Wilson's story in his nationally televised program. Wilson is the author of several books, including \\\"Jesus Doesn’t Live in Brooklyn\\\", \\\"The Blind Guide Chronicles\\\", \\\"Christianity in the Crosshairs\\\", and his bestselling autobiography, \\\"Whose Child is This\\\"? His newest book, entitled \\\"One Eyed Kings\\\" came out in 2009. In addition, Wilson is a popular speaker who travels extensively around the world in an effort to raise funds for his Church and mission\",\n \"title\": \"Bill Wilson (pastor)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5305862\",\n \"text\": \"Modern Science of Mental Health\\\" as a key historical event for their movement and the world, and refer to the book as \\\"Book One.\\\" In Scientology, years are numbered relative to the first publication of the book: 1990, for example, being \\\"40 AD\\\" (After Dianetics). The book is promoted as \\\"a milestone for Man comparable to his discovery of fire and superior to his inventions of the wheel and the arch.\\\" \\\"Dianetics\\\" is still heavily promoted today by the Church of Scientology and has been advertised widely on television and in print. Indeed, it has been alleged that the Church\",\n \"title\": \"Dianetics: The Modern Science of Mental Health\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2141952\",\n \"text\": \"Circuit could hear appeals. Instead, appeals from the Supreme Court of the Philippines were taken directly to the Supreme Court of the United States. In 1979, the Ninth Circuit became the first federal judicial circuit to set up a Bankruptcy Appellate Panel as authorized by the Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978. The cultural and political jurisdiction of the Ninth Circuit is just as varied as the land within its geographical borders. In a dissenting opinion in a rights of publicity case involving the \\\"Wheel of Fortune\\\" star Vanna White, Circuit Judge Alex Kozinski sardonically noted that \\\"[f]or better or worse,\",\n \"title\": \"United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2386700\",\n \"text\": \"Jim Phantom, who was 19 years younger than her, aged 23. They had a son, Thomas Jefferson (born in 1988). They divorced in 1992. In the 1970s, Ekland was one of the most photographed and talked-about celebrities in the world. In 1980, her best-selling autobiography, \\\"True Britt\\\", was published. While Rod Stewart's domestic partner, Ekland inspired his hit song \\\"Tonight's the Night (Gonna Be Alright)\\\" 1977's overall #1 song. The song features a French spoken part from Ekland. In 2004, Ekland was portrayed by Charlize Theron in \\\"The Life and Death of Peter Sellers\\\". She accompanied Theron to the Cannes\",\n \"title\": \"Britt Ekland\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16571453\",\n \"text\": \"It appears that the wheel of fortune has turned. With Lady Luck smiling on him, Youcai enters a lucky draw and wins a car. Soon, the story of how the \\\"prosperous rice bin\\\" changes his fortune starts to circulate to the point of becoming a legend. Despite Youcai's mother frantically explaining that it is purely nonsense perpetuated by her, nobody is convinced. Hordes of people flock to the rice bin to \\\"seek fortune and lottery numbers\\\". Luona banishes the thought of divorce upon hearing of it. She wants to return home to be a virtuous wife and a filial daughter-in-law.\",\n \"title\": \"It Takes Two (Singaporean TV series)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5259000\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Jacked\\\" provided an inside look at the inner-workings of the video game company Rockstar Games, makers of the controversial Grand Theft Auto series, and attorney Jack Thompson's attempt to destroy it. The book served as the basis for a film on the BBC, \\\"Game Changer\\\". Kushner's 2016 autobiography, \\\"Alligator Candy\\\", describes the abduction and murder of his preteen brother, Jonathan Kushner. One of the individuals convicted for murder, Johnny Paul Witt, was executed by the State of Florida after a lengthy appeal (see Wainwright v. Witt). David Kushner's book investigates details of the murder and describes the emotional trauma this\",\n \"title\": \"David Kushner\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4309766\",\n \"text\": \"Martin Cullen TD reflected that people should draw inspiration from Nolan's life. \\\"With grace and courage, and with the support of his family, he never gave up and he never gave in [...] His bold creativity has ensured a written legacy.\\\" Nolan's autobiography \\\"Under the Eye of the Clock\\\" (published 1987), won the Whitbread Award and was named Book of the Year. Although an autobiography, it is narrated by a fictional character named Joseph Meehan who details Nolan's life as a third-person biography. The book reveals the deep relationship between Nolan and his mother, whom he calls Nora. \\\"Under the\",\n \"title\": \"Christopher Nolan (author)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4337473\",\n \"text\": \"in \\\"The Wheel of Fortune\\\" by Richard Cumberland, a Jewish pedlar in \\\"The Indian\\\", as Clown in \\\"Robinson Crusoe\\\", and as the Second Gravedigger in \\\"Hamlet\\\", alongside John Philip Kemble. Grimaldi's wife Maria and his unborn child died during childbirth on 18 October 1800. To cope with his grief, Grimaldi would often perform two shows a night; one at Sadler's Wells and the other at Drury Lane. With the Christmas season approaching, and the success of \\\"Peter Wilkins\\\" still a topic of conversation within theatrical circles, Kemble decided to stage the first Drury Lane pantomime in three years, \\\"Harlequin Amulet;\",\n \"title\": \"Joseph Grimaldi\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1421068\",\n \"text\": \"Party. This was soon followed by writings for socialist publications such as the \\\"New Leader\\\", the \\\"Socialist Review\\\" and the \\\"New Statesman\\\". During this period it became clear that Hobson favoured capitalist reformation over communist revolution. He was a notable critic of the Labour Government of 1929. During the later years of his life, Hobson published his autobiography, \\\"Confessions of an Economic Heretic\\\" (1938). R. H. Tawney wrote the following in \\\"\\\" (1920): The greater part of modern property has been attenuated to a pecuniary lien or bond on the product of industry which carries with it a right to\",\n \"title\": \"John A. Hobson\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"compressed_ctxs_1":{"kind":"string","value":"{\n \"compressed_prompt\": \"Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\\n\\ntitle: The Wheel of Fortune (novel) context: away from a congenital cardiac defect, and his nephew Robin falls to his death through a window. In the immediate aftermath of this, John caves in to his \\\"inappropriate\\\" feelings for his housekeeper's sister, Bronwen. He resumes his business life in London with his brother Edmund and falls under the spell of a powerful American millionaire, Armstrong. He's given a choice, marry Constance Armstrong, his American employer's daughter and advance his family's commercial and social standing, or follow his heart and spend the rest of his life with the working-class Welshwoman Bronwen, who is, he feels, the only person who\\n\\nWhose autobiography is entitled The Wheel of Fortune?\",\n \"compressed_tokens\": 187,\n \"origin_tokens\": 187,\n \"ratio\": \"1.0x\",\n \"saving\": \", Saving $0.0 in GPT-4.\"\n}"},"compressed_ctxs_100":{"kind":"string","value":"{\n \"compressed_prompt\": \"Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\\n\\ntitle: The Wheel of Fortune (novel) context The Wheel of Fortune (novel) \\\"The Wheel of Fortune\\\" (1984) is a novel by Susan Howatch and recounts the trials and tribulations of a fictitious British family, the Godwins, who appear to be part of the minor aristocracy. As the title of the novel and Boethius' comments on Fortune as printed on the first page of the very first part suggest, defying the ravages of time and fate forms a central theme to this novel, where the six primary characters seek to challenge fate or to make their own destinies regardless of the social norms or circumstances of the time.\\n\\ntitle: The Wheel of Fortune (novel context inlaitla judgmental She travels frequently, to girlfriends and drink away worries. Robert confidesinevra following a friend's death in a mountaineering accident, is terrified of prospect of dying especially so now that Lionel dead. Robert eventually decides to retire Oxon Ginevra, but even that is not the end of their tribulations Robert suddenly contracts an unnamed degenerative neurological disorder (described 'Hal multiple sclerosis) that manifests itself as unexplained tremors, later intensifying into full-blown paralysis over the next nine years\\ntitle: The Wheel of Fortune (nov: dying and a saint deceased older brother, Kester Godwin surv an awkward adolesc become an author. His recollections reve that he inherited mother's emotional,ensity for melodrama and sensual excess assitive spirit obsess nature with manipak more apparent in Harry Hal's stories Upon his father Uncle, whoseantic eyes good deceased Robert and attempts to for his role the master\\n: The () contextunt) ands King Henry. The Wheel). As the title of the novel and Boethius' comments on Fortune as printed on the first page of the very first part suggest, defying the ravages of time and fate forms a central theme to this novel, where the six primary characters seek to challenge fate or to make their own destinies regardless\\n\\nWhose autobiography is entitled The Wheel of Fortune?\",\n \"compressed_tokens\": 463,\n \"origin_tokens\": 14743,\n \"ratio\": \"31.8x\",\n \"saving\": \", Saving $0.9 in GPT-4.\"\n}"}}},{"rowIdx":284,"cells":{"id":{"kind":"number","value":284,"string":"284"},"question":{"kind":"string","value":"What famous comic strip character was inspired by the 1936 Henry Fonda film Trail of the Lonesome Pine?"},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["Al Capp's Li'l Abner"],"string":"[\n \"Al Capp's Li'l Abner\"\n]","isConversational":false},"target":{"kind":"string","value":"Al Capp's Li'l Abner"},"ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"id":"32648","text":"staged Sadie Hawkins dances, patterned after the similar annual event in the strip. Li'l Abner has one odd design quirk that has puzzled readers for decades: the part in his hair always faces the viewer, no matter which direction Abner is facing. In response to the question \"Which side does Abner part his hair on?,\" Capp would answer, \"Both.\" Capp said he finally found the right \"look\" for Li'l Abner with Henry Fonda's character Dave Tolliver, in \"The Trail of the Lonesome Pine\" (1936). In later years, Capp always claimed to have effectively created the miniskirt, when he first put","title":"Al Capp"},{"id":"11278413","text":"The Trail of the Lonesome Pine (1936 film) The Trail of the Lonesome Pine is a 1936 American romance film based on the novel of the same name. Directed by Henry Hathaway, it stars Fred MacMurray, Sylvia Sidney, and Henry Fonda. It was the second full-length feature film to be shot in three-strip Technicolor and the first in color to be shot outdoors, with the approval of the Technicolor Corporation. Much of it was shot at Big Bear Lake in southern California. \"The Trail of the Lonesome Pine\" was the fourth feature film adaptation of John Fox, Jr.'s 1908 novel,","title":"The Trail of the Lonesome Pine (1936 film)"},{"id":"8202581","text":"the names of caricatures were chosen with satirical effect in mind. Hence, Jane Fonda was christened “Jane Fondle” and Brando was named “Marlon Blando” during his \"Last Tango in Paris\" days but Marlon Burpo after his figure ballooned due to the rich foods he was fond of consuming in his later career. The strip also included satirical sketches of well-known cartoon and comic strip characters, such as \"Mad Magazine\"’s Alfred E. Neuman; \"Playboy’\"s \"Little Annie Fanny\"; Walt Disney’s \"Seven Dwarfs\", \"Mickey Mouse\", and \"Donald Duck\"; Walt Kelly’s \"Pogo\", George Herriman’s \"Krazy Kat\", and Bud Fisher's \"Mutt and Jeff\". On their","title":"Wicked Wanda"},{"id":"567267","text":"in lodgings next door to Greta Garbo. In 1935, Fonda starred in the RKO film \"I Dream Too Much\" with the opera star Lily Pons. \"The New York Times\" announced him as \"Henry Fonda, the most likable of the new crop of romantic juveniles.\" Fonda's film career blossomed as he costarred with Sylvia Sidney and Fred MacMurray in \"The Trail of the Lonesome Pine\" (1936), the first Technicolor movie filmed outdoors. He starred with ex-wife Margaret Sullavan in \"The Moon's Our Home\", and a short rekindling of their relationship led to a brief but temporary consideration of remarriage. Fonda got","title":"Henry Fonda"},{"id":"8586411","text":"McCarthy era of the 1950s, that their background made them unemployable and who developed various sorts of scams to prey upon the postwar Baby Boomers' search for enlightenment. Crumb has acknowledged that one inspiration for Mr. Natural was a character called The Little Hitchhiker from a comic strip called \"The Squirrel Cage\" by Gene Ahern, which ran from 1936–1953. An homage is sometimes read into this. Mr. Natural also somewhat resembles an E. C. Segar character, Dr. O.G. Wotasnozzle. Mr. Natural's one-piece yellow outfit bears a resemblance to Richard F. Outcault's early comic strip \"The Yellow Kid\". In 1973 a","title":"Mr. Natural (comics)"},{"id":"70115","text":"\"Dilbert\", include an email address in each strip. Most comic strip characters do not age throughout the strip's life, but in some strips, like Lynn Johnston's award-winning \"For Better or For Worse\", the characters age as the years pass. The first strip to feature aging characters was \"Gasoline Alley\". The history of comic strips also includes series that are not humorous, but tell an ongoing dramatic story. Examples include \"The Phantom\", \"Prince Valiant\", \"Dick Tracy\", \"Mary Worth\", \"Modesty Blaise\", \"Little Orphan Annie\", \"Flash Gordon\", and \"Tarzan\". Sometimes these are spin-offs from comic books, for example \"Superman\", \"Batman\", and \"The Amazing","title":"Comic strip"},{"id":"70093","text":"of the 20th century, for a total of at least 7,300,000 episodes. Strips are written and drawn by a comics artist or cartoonist. As the name implies, comic strips can be humorous (for example, \"gag-a-day\" strips such as \"Blondie\", \"Bringing Up Father\", \"Marmaduke\", and \"Pearls Before Swine\"). Starting in the late 1920s, comic strips expanded from their mirthful origins to feature adventure stories, as seen in \"Popeye\", \"Captain Easy\", \"Buck Rogers\", \"Tarzan\", and \"The Adventures of Tintin\". Soap-opera continuity strips such as \"Judge Parker\" and \"Mary Worth\" gained popularity in the 1940s. All are called, generically, comic strips, though cartoonist","title":"Comic strip"},{"id":"4172585","text":"Billy DeBeck William Morgan DeBeck (April 15, 1890 – November 11, 1942), better known as Billy DeBeck, was an American cartoonist. He is most famous as the creator of the comic strip \"Barney Google\", later retitled \"Barney Google and Snuffy Smith\". The strip was especially popular in the 1920s and 1930s, and featured a number of well-known characters, including the title character, Bunky, Snuffy Smith, and Spark Plug the race horse. Spark Plug was a merchandising phenomenon, and has been called the Snoopy of the 1920s. DeBeck drew with a scratchy line in a \"big-foot\" style, in which characters had","title":"Billy DeBeck"},{"id":"8785936","text":"which he also illustrated, was chosen by Albert Tillman as one of the 100 best pop-up books ever published and featured on the cover of Tillman's historical survey, \"Pop-Up! Pop-Up!\" (Whalestooth, 1998). Slesinger purchased the rights to the \"Ozark Ike\" comic strip from creator Rufus A. (\"Ray\") Gotto. In 1936, it became his first comic strip in syndication. Other licensing included Tom Mix, \"King of the Royal Mounted\", \"Alley Oop\", \"Captain Easy\", \"Wash Tubbs\", \"Polly the Powers Model\", \"Charlie Chan\", \"Buck Rogers\" and \"Og, Son of Fire\", as well as all Newspaper Enterprise Association comic strips. For these and many","title":"Stephen Slesinger"},{"id":"14413993","text":"with characters and situations based upon hundreds of newspaper-published comic strips dating back to the inception of the form (the installment published October 16, 2012 featured \"The Yellow Kid\", a character/cartoon first appearing in 1895). Characters from \"Calvin and Hobbes\", \"Little Orphan Annie\", \"Crock\", \"Dilbert\", \"Popeye\", \"B.C.\", \"Beetle Bailey\", \"The Boondocks\", \"The Wizard of Id\" and \"Broom-Hilda\" are among those prominently featured. Weapon Brown is set in a post apocalyptic world, and the story itself centers around the eponymous character Weapon Brown, who is on a mission to rescue the woman he loves from a former acquaintance: Linus Van Pelt,","title":"Weapon Brown"},{"id":"11702519","text":"name of Jake Wells with The B. F. Keith Supreme Vaudeville Co. After the acquisition of several other local theatres by Lynch Enterprises, The Wells Theatre's was changed to The Imperial Theatre. Throughout the early 1900s the theatre continued to provide the city of Augusta and the surrounding area with great entertainment. In 1929, as vaudevillian acts decreased in popularity and motion pictures enjoyed meteoric success, Miller decided to renovate the Imperial into a full-time movie house in the popular art deco style. In March 1936 \"The Trail of the Lonesome Pine,\" starring Henry Fonda and Fred McMurray, became the","title":"Imperial Theatre (Augusta, Georgia)"},{"id":"7305430","text":"Starring Sylvia Sidney, Henry Fonda, and Fred MacMurray, the film was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Original Song for Louis Alter and Sidney D. Mitchell's \"A Melody for the Sky.\" It was also awarded the Venice Film Festival Award for Best Color Film. Hathaway's version marked the first time the Technicolor process was used for outdoor filmmaking. The 1916 DeMille adaptation features an additional plot angle of Hale being a revenue agent seeking out \"moonshiners.\" It also omitted much of the subplot concerning the Falin family. Henry Hathaway's 1936 version, which was the first feature film to be","title":"The Trail of the Lonesome Pine (novel)"},{"id":"605486","text":"Looney Tunes Looney Tunes is an American animated series of comedy short films produced by Warner Bros. from 1930 to 1969 during the golden age of American animation, alongside its sister series \"Merrie Melodies\". It was known for introducing Bugs Bunny, Daffy Duck, Porky Pig, Elmer Fudd, Tweety, Sylvester, Granny, Yosemite Sam, Foghorn Leghorn, Marvin the Martian, Pepé Le Pew, Speedy Gonzales, Tasmanian Devil, Road Runner, Wile E. Coyote and many other cartoon characters. \"Looney Tunes\" name was inspired by Walt Disney's musical series \"Silly Symphonies\". They initially showcased musical compositions whose rights were held by Warner's music publishing interests","title":"Looney Tunes"},{"id":"1256902","text":"Charlie Brown on the very first Peanuts strip. Charlie Brown had a notably surprisingly successful romantic relationship with Peggy Jean, although this eventually broke up with him when he realized that she already had a boyfriend. Charlie Brown, along with Snoopy, was ranked eighth on TV Guide's 50 Greatest Cartoon Characters of All Time. Charlie Brown Charlie Brown or Charles Brown Esquire (see “A Boy Named Charlie Brown” movie) is the protagonist of the comic strip \"Peanuts\", syndicated in daily and Sunday newspapers in numerous countries all over the world. Depicted as a \"lovable loser,\" Charlie Brown is one of","title":"Charlie Brown"},{"id":"6878775","text":"project at Carnegie Mellon has made at least two Big Little Books available online. Thibadeau attempts to \"capture the entire production\" of an old book with facsimile images showing pages with wear and tear. \"We're basically trying to eternalize that book as it is,\" says Thibadeau. The Antique Books Digital Library offers two free Big Little Book titles, \"Tim McCoy on the Tomahawk Trail\" and \"Bronc Peeler The Lone Cowboy\". Fred Harman's \"Bronc Peeler\" was a Western comic strip character who was a precursor to another comic strip drawn by Harman, the more successful \"Red Ryder\". Sam Mendes' film \"Road","title":"Big Little Book series"},{"id":"1642481","text":"1958. The \"Betty Boop\" series continues to be a favorite of many critics, and the 1933 \"Betty Boop\" cartoon \"Snow-White\" (not to be confused with Disney's film \"Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs\" (1937)) was selected for preservation by the U.S. Library of Congress in the National Film Registry in 1994. Betty Boop's popularity continues well into present day culture, with references appearing in the comic strip \"Doonesbury\", where the character B.D.'s busty girlfriend/wife is named \"Boopsie\" and the animated reality TV spoof \"Drawn Together\", where Betty is the inspiration for Toot Braunstein. A \"Betty Boop\" musical is in development","title":"Betty Boop"},{"id":"17287485","text":"Snoopy and Woodstock. The film sees Charlie Brown trying to improve his odds with the Little Red-Haired Girl, while Snoopy writes a book about the World War I Flying Ace as he imagines himself as a legend trying to save his love interest and fellow pilot Fifi from the Red Baron and his army. \"The Peanuts Movie\" was released on November 6, 2015, commemorating the 65th anniversary of the original comic strip and the 50th anniversary of the TV special \"A Charlie Brown Christmas\". It grossed $246 million worldwide against a $99 million budget. The critical consensus on Rotten Tomatoes","title":"The Peanuts Movie"},{"id":"2621889","text":"Catholic education. One of the best-known features of Keane's work is the dotted line comics, showing the characters' paths through the neighborhood or house with a thick dotted line. The earliest appearance of the dotted line was on April 8, 1962 (an un-dotted path had first appeared on February 25). This concept has been parodied by other comic strips, including \"Pearls Before Swine\", \"For Better or For Worse\", \"FoxTrot\", \"Calvin and Hobbes\", \"Garfield\", \"Liō\", and \"Marvin\". In an interview, Jeff Keane, who now produces the strip, described how he creates the line: by drawing one continuous black line and then","title":"The Family Circus"},{"id":"4667595","text":"Hathaway's next film was with Cooper, \"The Lives of a Bengal Lancer\" (1935). Hathaway spent some time in India supervising filming of scenes. The movie was a huge hit and received seven Academy Award nominations, including Best Picture and for which Hathaway won his only nomination for the Academy Award for Directing. Hathaway was now established as one of the main directors on the Paramount lot. He made another with Cooper, \"Peter Ibbetson\" (1935). This was followed by \"The Trail of the Lonesome Pine\" (1936), his first movie in color. He also worked on the troubled \"I Loved a Soldier\"","title":"Henry Hathaway"},{"id":"5176607","text":"Nick Carter debuted in 1886. Tarzan was introduced in 1912, and Zorro found its way to the public in 1919, but El Coyote became even bigger – in Spain. Among other early famous, often masked American novel and/or radio heroes were The Shadow, debuting 1930 (and 1931), plus The Phantom Detective, Doc Savage, The Spider and Lone Ranger in 1933, and Green Hornet in 1936. Some of the very early comic strip superheroes were Buck Rogers introduced in 1928, Dick Tracy 1931, and Flash Gordon in 1934. The most famous comic book (or strip) hero is Superman originated in 1933","title":"El Coyote (character)"},{"id":"8983163","text":"in the 1936 Betty Boop film \"Betty Boop and Little Jimmy\". Little Jimmy Camp in the Angeles National Forest, near Los Angeles, California, is named after the comic strip in honor of Swinnerton, who once stayed there. Little Jimmy Little Jimmy, originally titled Jimmy, was a newspaper comic strip created by Jimmy Swinnerton. With a publication history from February 14, 1904, to 1958, it was one of the first continuing features and one of the longest running. The title character was a little boy who was constantly forgetting what he was supposed to do and ended up getting into trouble.","title":"Little Jimmy"},{"id":"804639","text":"Flash Gordon (serial) Flash Gordon is a 1936 science fiction film serial. Shown in 13 chapters, it was the first screen adventure for the comic-strip character Flash Gordon that was invented by Alex Raymond only two years earlier in 1934. It tells the story of Flash Gordon's first visit to the planet Mongo and his encounter with the evil Emperor Ming the Merciless. Buster Crabbe, Jean Rogers, Charles Middleton, Priscilla Lawson and Frank Shannon played the central roles. In 1996, \"Flash Gordon\" was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being","title":"Flash Gordon (serial)"},{"id":"6406619","text":"by Shrewsbury sculptor Jane Robbins. Reg Smythe Reginald Smyth (10 July 1917 – 13 June 1998), known by his professional name Reg Smythe, was a British cartoonist who created the popular, long-running \"Andy Capp\" comic strip. He was born in Hartlepool, Teesside, England, the son of Richard Oliver Smyth, a shipyard worker, and his wife Florence, née Pearce. With his father long-term unemployed, he grew up in poverty. He attended Galley's Field School in West Hartlepool, but left at fourteen to take a job as a butcher's errand boy. In 1936, after a period of unemployment, he joined the Royal","title":"Reg Smythe"},{"id":"11278419","text":"\"Best Music, Original Song\". The other song, \"Twilight on the Trail\", became a popular hit and eventually something of a classic. It inspired a 1941 cowboy film of the same name and has been recorded by numerous country, pop, rock and soul singers. \"Trail of the Lonesome Pine\" was recognized at the 1936 Venice Film Festival for a \"Special Recommendation\" for the use of color film. The Trail of the Lonesome Pine (1936 film) The Trail of the Lonesome Pine is a 1936 American romance film based on the novel of the same name. Directed by Henry Hathaway, it stars","title":"The Trail of the Lonesome Pine (1936 film)"},{"id":"12885724","text":"Li'l Abner (1940 film) Li'l Abner is a 1940 film based on the comic strip \"Li'l Abner\" created by Al Capp. The three most recognizable names associated with the film are Buster Keaton as Lonesome Polecat, Jeff York as Li'l Abner, and Milton Berle, who co-wrote the title song. This was the first of two films based on the popular Al Capp strip, the second being Paramount's 1959 musical, \"Li'l Abner\", which was also based on the hit 1956 Broadway musical \"Li'l Abner\". Li'l Abner becomes convinced that he is going to die within twenty-four hours, so agrees to marry","title":"Li'l Abner (1940 film)"},{"id":"2947772","text":"song \"Oh, My Goodness\" to four ethnically stereotyped dolls. The fourth doll, representing a black African woman or girl, is addressed as \"pickaninny\". In the 1936 Hal Roach feature \"General Spanky\" starring the Our Gang children, Buckwheat gets his foot tangled in the cord that blows the whistle on the river boat. Buckwheat is untangled by the captain of the river boat who hands him over to his master and tells him to \"keep an eye on that little pickaninny\". Early editions of the longest-running British children's comic book \"The Beano\", launched in 1938, featured a pickaninny character, Little Peanut,","title":"Pickaninny"},{"id":"32644","text":"to reader pressure and allowed the couple to marry. This newsworthy event made the cover of \"Life\" on March 31, 1952. Capp peopled his comic strip with an assortment of memorable characters, including Marryin' Sam, Hairless Joe, Lonesome Polecat, Evil-Eye Fleegle, General Bullmoose, Lena the Hyena, Senator Jack S. Phogbound (Capp's caricature of the anti-New Deal Dixiecrats), the \"(shudder!)\" Scraggs, Available Jones, Nightmare Alice, Earthquake McGoon, and a host of others. Most notably, certainly from a G.I. point of view, are the beautiful, full-figured women like Daisy Mae, Wolf Gal, Stupefyin' Jones and Moonbeam McSwine (a caricature of his wife","title":"Al Capp"},{"id":"6632359","text":"DeBeck's death from cancer in 1942, Lasswell took over \"Barney Google and Snuffy Smith\". Under Lasswell's tenure, Barney was gradually phased out (although he did reappear occasionally), and the strip's emphasis shifted to Snuffy Smith and his rural setting. Lasswell also introduced his own characters, including Elviney Barlow, Parson Tuttle and Ol' Doc Pritchart. During World War II, Lasswell served as a flight radio operator in Africa and was a staffer for \"Leatherneck Magazine\", for which he created the comic strip \"Sgt. Hashmark\". Lasswell was a prolific inventor and early adopter of new technology. He was one of the first","title":"Fred Lasswell"},{"id":"5899992","text":"attempts never failed to get Barnaby into hot water. Mr. O'Malley was a comic strip original, though in appearance he had a passing resemblance to W.C. Fields. \"Cushlamochree\" (from the Irish \"cuisle mo chroí\", \"beat of my heart\") was his signature cry when shocked by the inevitable down-turn of events in response to his ineffectual meddling in Barnaby's affairs. Throughout the course of his comic career Mr. O'Malley stumbled his way into the U.S. Congress and became a Wall Street tycoon. Mr. O'Malley Mr. O'Malley was a character in the ground-breaking, intellectual comic strip \"Barnaby\", by cartoonist Crockett Johnson. He","title":"Mr. O'Malley"},{"id":"11278414","text":"including 1916 and 1923 silent versions. As with the novel, the film makes extensive use of Appalachian English in the dialogue. Deep in the region of the Eastern Kentucky Coalfield, a feud between the Kentucky clans of the Tollivers and the Falins has been ongoing for as long as anyone can recall. After an engineer, Jack Hale, arrives with coal and railroad interests, he saves the life of Dave Tolliver, whose injury has developed gangrene. Dave expects to marry a cousin, June, but she takes an immediate shine to the newcomer. Her younger brother Buddie is also impressed with Hale,","title":"The Trail of the Lonesome Pine (1936 film)"},{"id":"11153006","text":"1964, after a heart attack that had left him in a coma for months, Crosby died in the asylum on his 73rd birthday. He was buried in Pine Lawn Veterans' Cemetery on Long Island. Percy Crosby Percy Lee Crosby (December 8, 1891 – December 8, 1964) was an American author, illustrator and cartoonist best known for his comic strip \"Skippy\". Adapted into movies, a novel and a radio show, Crosby's creation was commemorated on a 1997 U.S. Postal Service stamp. An inspiration for Charles Schulz's \"Peanuts\", the strip is regarded by comics historian Maurice Horn as a \"classic... which innovated","title":"Percy Crosby"},{"id":"5970707","text":"Skippy (comic strip) Skippy was an American comic strip written and drawn by Percy Crosby that was published from 1923 to 1945. A highly popular, acclaimed and influential feature about rambunctious fifth-grader Skippy Skinner, his friends and his enemies, it was adapted into movies, a novel and a radio show. It was commemorated on a 1997 U.S. Postal Service stamp and was the basis for a wide range of merchandising that includes Skippy peanut butter. An early influence on cartoonist Charles Schulz and an inspiration for his \"Peanuts\", \"Skippy\" is considered one of the classics of the form. In \"Vanity","title":"Skippy (comic strip)"},{"id":"9769476","text":"with four serials annually. The studio made news in 1929 by hiring Tim McCoy to star in its first all-talking serial, \"The Indians Are Coming!\" Epic footage from this western serial turned up again and again in later serials and features. In 1936 Universal scored a coup by licensing the popular comic-strip character Flash Gordon for the screen; the serial was a smash hit, and was even booked into first-run theaters that usually did not bother with chapter plays. Universal followed it up with more pop-culture icons: The Green Hornet and Ace Drummond from radio, and Smilin' Jack and Buck","title":"Serial film"},{"id":"11858835","text":"handful of appearances in the \"Popeye\" cartoons, including \"A Clean Shaven Man\" (1936, nonspeaking role), \"Olive's Boithday Presink\" (1941), and \"Wimpy the Moocher\" (1960). In the 1980 \"Popeye\" film, Geezil was a greengrocer who was constantly arguing with Wimpy, but the two maintained a shaky friendship (at one point, he comments \"Phooey! The Commodore! Besides Wimpy, I hate him best!\"). Geezil was played by Richard Libertini. George W. Geezil George W. Geezil, also known as simply Geezil, is a comic strip character created by E.C. Segar for the \"Thimble Theatre\" (now \"Popeye\") strip. Geezil made his first appearance in the","title":"George W. Geezil"},{"id":"6185034","text":"Steve Roper and Mike Nomad Steve Roper and Mike Nomad was an American adventure comic strip that ran (under various earlier titles) from November 23, 1936, to December 26, 2004. Initially distributed by Publishers Syndicate and then by Field Newspaper Syndicate, it ended at King Features Syndicate. Despite the changes in title, characters, themes and authors, the entire 68-year run formed a single evolving story, from an Indian who teamed up with an adventurous young photojournalist to two longtime friends ready to retire after their long, eventful careers. Created by Allen Saunders and Elmer Woggon, the strip was written by","title":"Steve Roper and Mike Nomad"},{"id":"1552081","text":"did my imitation of Joe Palooka.\" In the 1994 film \"Pulp Fiction\", character Vincent Vega (John Travolta) disparages the character of boxer Butch Coolidge (Bruce Willis) for taking a dive saying, \"I ain't your friend, palooka.\" All directed by Lloyd French and starring Robert Norton and Shemp Howard (except the last two with Beverly Phalon and Johnny Burkes). Joe Palooka Joe Palooka is an American comic strip about a heavyweight boxing champion, created by cartoonist Ham Fisher in 1921. The strip debuted in 1930 and was carried at its peak by 900 newspapers. The strip was adapted to a short-lived","title":"Joe Palooka"},{"id":"1268391","text":"Golden age of American animation The golden age of American animation was a period in the history of U.S. animation that began with the advent of sound cartoons in 1928 and continued until around 1969, by which time theatrical animated shorts had begun losing to the newer medium of television animation. Many popular characters emerged from this period, including Bugs Bunny, Mickey Mouse, Daffy Duck, Donald Duck, Goofy, Popeye, Tom and Jerry, Porky Pig, Betty Boop, Woody Woodpecker, Droopy, Mighty Mouse, Mr. Magoo, Pink Panther, the Fox and the Crow, George and Junior, Wile E. Coyote and the Road Runner,","title":"Golden age of American animation"},{"id":"9404434","text":"and I will hug him, and pet him, and squeeze him\" with Mel Blanc doing an unmistakable imitation of Lon Chaney, Jr.'s Lennie. Tex Avery, who worked as a director on Warner-released cartoons during the 1930s and early 1940s, started the \"Of Mice and Men\" trend with \"Of Fox and Hounds\" (1940) and \"Lonesome Lenny\" (1946) featuring Screwy Squirrel. The formula was so successful that it was used again and again in subsequent shorts, notably Robert McKimson's \"Hoppy Go Lucky\" (1952), \"Cat-Tails for Two\" (1953) and Chuck Jones' \"The Abominable Snow Rabbit\" (1961). Many more serious animated features use George","title":"Of Mice and Men in popular culture"},{"id":"6943781","text":"Poopdeck Pappy Poopdeck Pappy is a fictional character featured in the \"Popeye\" (\"Thimble Theatre\") comic strip and animated cartoon spinoffs. Created by E. C. Segar in 1936, the character is Popeye's father, who is between the ages of 85 and 99. Pappy first appeared in \"Thimble Theatre\" not long after Popeye acquired Eugene the Jeep in 1936. Popeye decided to use the creature's supernatural knowledge to find his father. An expedition was set up to go to Poopdeck's home on Barnacle Island, which included Toar the caveman and Olive Oyl. The ungrateful father answered Popeye's greeting with, \"You look like","title":"Poopdeck Pappy"},{"id":"1876837","text":"Marschall in \"America's Great Comic Strip Artists\" (1989). With adult readers far outnumbering juveniles, \"Li'l Abner\" forever cleared away the concept that humor strips were solely the domain of adolescents and children. \"Li'l Abner\" provided a whole new template for contemporary satire and personal expression in comics, paving the way for \"Pogo\", \"Feiffer\", \"Doonesbury\" and \"MAD\". \"Fearless Fosdick\" and other \"Li'l Abner\" comic strip parodies, such as \"Jack Jawbreaker!\" (1947) and \"Little Fanny Gooney\" (1952), were almost certainly an inspiration to Harvey Kurtzman when he created his irreverent \"Mad\", which began in 1952 as a comic book that specifically parodied","title":"Li'l Abner"},{"id":"14512504","text":"John McMeel. The company began syndicating Garry Trudeau’s \"Doonesbury\" comic strip in October 1970. Trudeau won the Pulitzer Prize for editorial cartooning in 1975 for his work on \"Doonesbury\", and the strip is now syndicated in more than 1,400 newspapers worldwide. Over the following decades, the syndicate added other well-known comic strips including \"Ziggy\", \"Cathy\", \"For Better or For Worse\", \"Calvin and Hobbes\", \"The Far Side\", \"FoxTrot\", \"Baldo\", \"The Boondocks\", \"In the Bleachers\", \"Non Sequitur\", \"Stone Soup\", \"Real Life Adventures\", \"Cornered\", \"Lio\", \"Cul De Sac\", \"Thatababy\", \"Wumo\", editorial cartoonists and columnists. Universal Uclick was formed in July 2009 following the","title":"Andrews McMeel Syndication"},{"id":"2677949","text":"Baby Face Finlayson Baby Face Finlayson is a fictional character in a comic strip in the UK comic \"The Beano\", first appearing in issue 1553, dated 22 April 1972. Baby Face Finlayson \"The Cutest Bandit in the West\" is an outlaw from the American Old West, and is, in fact, a baby. His name is derived from the real-life American gangster of the 1930s Baby Face Nelson (real name Lester Joseph Gillis). He was originally a minor character in Little Plum, but was later given a spin-off strip of his own. He rode around in a motorised pram, stealing everything","title":"Baby Face Finlayson"},{"id":"2748303","text":"Marjorie Henderson Buell (1904–1993), whose work appeared under the name \"Marge\", had created two comic strips in the 1920s: \"The Boy Friend\" and \"Dashing Dot\", both with female leads. She first had Little Lulu published in a single-panel cartoon in \"The Saturday Evening Post\" on February 23, 1935, in which Lulu appears as a flower girl at a wedding and strews the aisle with banana peels. The \"Little Lulu\" strip replaced the strip \"Henry\" in the magazine; the \"Post\" requested a similar strip from Buell, and Buell created a little girl character in place of \"Henry\"s little boy as she","title":"Little Lulu"},{"id":"12885725","text":"two different girls: Daisy Mae (who has chased him for years) and Wendy Wilecat (who rescued him from an angry mob). It is all settled at the Sadie Hawkins Day race. Li'l Abner (1940 film) Li'l Abner is a 1940 film based on the comic strip \"Li'l Abner\" created by Al Capp. The three most recognizable names associated with the film are Buster Keaton as Lonesome Polecat, Jeff York as Li'l Abner, and Milton Berle, who co-wrote the title song. This was the first of two films based on the popular Al Capp strip, the second being Paramount's 1959 musical,","title":"Li'l Abner (1940 film)"},{"id":"2757361","text":"of suburban couple John and Myrtle Sappo. However, Segar later added the character of inventor Professor O. G. Wotasnozzle to \"Sappo\". Wotasnozzle's bizarre machines soon became the focus of the narrative. On January 17, 1929, when Castor Oyl needed a mariner to navigate his ship to Dice Island, Castor picked up an old sailor in the docks named Popeye. Popeye's first line in the strip, upon being asked if he was a sailor, was \"'Ja think I'm a cowboy?\" The character stole the show and became the permanent star. Some of the other notable characters Segar created include J. Wellington","title":"E. C. Segar"},{"id":"3553460","text":"Bil Keane William Aloysius Keane (October 5, 1922 – November 8, 2011), better known as Bil Keane, was an American cartoonist most notable for his work on the newspaper comic \"The Family Circus\". It began in 1960 and continues in syndication, drawn by his son Jeff Keane. Keane was born in the Philadelphia, Pennsylvania neighborhood of Crescentville and attended parochial school at St. William Parish and Northeast Catholic High School. While a schoolboy, he taught himself to draw by mimicking the style of the cartoons published in \"The New Yorker\". His first cartoon was published on May 21, 1936 on","title":"Bil Keane"},{"id":"2513669","text":"Gersher, Stan Drake, Denis Lebrun, and John Marshall. Despite these changes, \"Blondie\" has remained popular, appearing in more than 2,000 newspapers in 47 countries and translated into 35 languages. Since 2006, \"Blondie\" has also been available via email through King Features' DailyINK service. Originally designed to follow in the footsteps of Young's earlier \"pretty girl\" creations \"Beautiful Bab\" and \"Dumb Dora\", \"Blondie\" focused on the adventures of Blondie Boopadoop—a carefree flapper girl who spent her days in dance halls along with her boyfriend Dagwood Bumstead, heir to a railroad fortune. The name \"Boopadoop\" derives from the scat singing lyric that","title":"Blondie (comic strip)"},{"id":"6185055","text":"a journalist. Steve Roper and Mike Nomad Steve Roper and Mike Nomad was an American adventure comic strip that ran (under various earlier titles) from November 23, 1936, to December 26, 2004. Initially distributed by Publishers Syndicate and then by Field Newspaper Syndicate, it ended at King Features Syndicate. Despite the changes in title, characters, themes and authors, the entire 68-year run formed a single evolving story, from an Indian who teamed up with an adventurous young photojournalist to two longtime friends ready to retire after their long, eventful careers. Created by Allen Saunders and Elmer Woggon, the strip was","title":"Steve Roper and Mike Nomad"},{"id":"13005994","text":"a Scottish accent) as well as his ancestor, Sir Francis Haddock. Just as in the comic, he is initially portrayed as a drunk, who is always in search of alcohol. Tintin endeavours to cure the captain of his alcoholism, but eventually discovers that it is an essential component of his character. Captain Haddock Captain Archibald Haddock () is a fictional character in \"The Adventures of Tintin\", the comics series by Belgian cartoonist Hergé. He is Tintin's best friend, a seafaring pipe-smoking Merchant Marine Captain. Haddock is initially depicted as a weak and alcoholic character under the control of his treacherous","title":"Captain Haddock"},{"id":"70118","text":"used for political or social commentary. This ranged from the conservative slant of \"Little Orphan Annie\" to the unabashed liberalism of \"Doonesbury\". \"Pogo\" used animals to particularly devastating effect, caricaturing many prominent politicians of the day as animal denizens of Pogo's Okeefenokee Swamp. In a fearless move, Pogo's creator Walt Kelly took on Joseph McCarthy in the 1950s, caricaturing him as a bobcat named Simple J. Malarkey, a megalomaniac who was bent on taking over the characters' birdwatching club and rooting out all undesirables. Kelly also defended the medium against possible government regulation in the McCarthy era. At a time","title":"Comic strip"},{"id":"32719","text":"\"The plowman homeward plods his weary way / And leaves the world to darkness and to me,\" (from \"Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard,\" 1751). \"Neither the strip's shifting political leanings nor the slide of its final few years had any bearing on its status as a classic; and in 1995, it was recognized as such by the U.S. Postal Service,\" according to \"Toonopedia\". \"Li'l Abner\" was one of 20 American comic strips included in the Comic Strip Classics series of USPS commemorative stamps. Al Capp, an inductee into the National Cartoon Museum (formerly the International Museum of Cartoon Art),","title":"Al Capp"},{"id":"7813034","text":"\"ABC's 64-Page Giant\", Splash battles Bunko the Dog (a parody of Bimbo, Betty Boop's canine boyfriend), a 1930s cartoon character who is brought to life in a movie theatre. Accused of plagiarism, Splash is nearly defeated until he tells Bunko what he is doing is in fact a tribute. As he and his companion leave the theatre, they encounter what appears to be DC Comic's Plastic Man. This story has Moore acknowledging the inspirations behind Splash, as well as displaying self-deprecating humour (such as that he is in fact merely copying earlier works). Splash Brannigan Splash Brannigan is a fictional","title":"Splash Brannigan"},{"id":"1256842","text":"Charlie Brown Charlie Brown or Charles Brown Esquire (see “A Boy Named Charlie Brown” movie) is the protagonist of the comic strip \"Peanuts\", syndicated in daily and Sunday newspapers in numerous countries all over the world. Depicted as a \"lovable loser,\" Charlie Brown is one of the great American archetypes and a popular and widely recognized cartoon character. Charlie Brown is characterized as a person who frequently suffers, and as a result is usually nervous and lacks self-confidence. He shows both pessimistic and optimistic attitudes: on some days, he is reluctant to go out because his day might just be","title":"Charlie Brown"},{"id":"804645","text":"thrill-a-minute stuff as Flash battles one adversary after another\" and stated that it was \"the best of the Crabbe trilogy of \"Flash Gordon\" films\". Flash Gordon (serial) Flash Gordon is a 1936 science fiction film serial. Shown in 13 chapters, it was the first screen adventure for the comic-strip character Flash Gordon that was invented by Alex Raymond only two years earlier in 1934. It tells the story of Flash Gordon's first visit to the planet Mongo and his encounter with the evil Emperor Ming the Merciless. Buster Crabbe, Jean Rogers, Charles Middleton, Priscilla Lawson and Frank Shannon played the","title":"Flash Gordon (serial)"},{"id":"6456275","text":"Drip-Along Daffy Drip-Along Daffy is a Warner Bros. \"Merrie Melodies\" theatrical cartoon short released in 1951 and later re-released in 1959 as a Blue Ribbon, directed by Chuck Jones and written by Michael Maltese. This cartoon was produced as a parody of Westerns which were widely popular at the time of its release, and features Daffy Duck as a \"Western-Type Hero\", who, with his trusty \"Comedy Relief\" (Porky Pig) hopes to clean up a violence-filled \"\". In a tongue-in-cheek nod to \"The Lone Ranger\", Daffy's horse is named \"Tinfoil\". The cartoon includes an original song (sung by Porky) \"The Flower","title":"Drip-Along Daffy"},{"id":"13005976","text":"Captain Haddock Captain Archibald Haddock () is a fictional character in \"The Adventures of Tintin\", the comics series by Belgian cartoonist Hergé. He is Tintin's best friend, a seafaring pipe-smoking Merchant Marine Captain. Haddock is initially depicted as a weak and alcoholic character under the control of his treacherous first mate Allan, who keeps him drunk and runs his freighter. He regains his command and his dignity, even rising to president of the Society of Sober Sailors (\"The Shooting Star\"), but never gives up his love for rum and whisky, especially Loch Lomond, until the final Tintin adventure, \"Tintin and","title":"Captain Haddock"},{"id":"20976101","text":"Rudolph Dirks, creator of the hugely popular \"The Katzenjammer Kids\" strip, left the Hearst organization for Pulitzer and began a new strip, first titled \"Hans and Fritz\" and then \"The Captain and the Kids\". It featured the same characters seen in \"The Katzenjammer Kids\", and remained nearly as popular (eventually running until 1979). The E. W. Scripps Company acquired the \"New York World\" newspaper and its syndication assets in February 1931, bringing over to Scripps' United Feature Syndicate the popular comic strips \"The Captain and the Kids\", \"Everyday Movies\", \"Fritzi Ritz\", \"Hawkshaw the Detective\", \"Joe Jinks\", and \"Little Mary Mixup\".","title":"New York World comic strips"},{"id":"5896165","text":"Donald Duck in comics Donald Duck, a cartoon character created by the Walt Disney Company, is today the star of dozens of comic-book and comic-strip stories published each month (in certain parts of the world, each week) around the world. The earliest print mention of Donald Duck is likely in 1931, in the book, \"The Adventures of Mickey Mouse,\" published by David McKay Company, Philadelphia. On the first text page, none of which are numbered, the third paragraph begins, \"Mickey has many friends in the old barn and the barnyard, besides Minnie Mouse. They are Henry Horse and Carolyn Cow","title":"Donald Duck in comics"},{"id":"6406611","text":"Reg Smythe Reginald Smyth (10 July 1917 – 13 June 1998), known by his professional name Reg Smythe, was a British cartoonist who created the popular, long-running \"Andy Capp\" comic strip. He was born in Hartlepool, Teesside, England, the son of Richard Oliver Smyth, a shipyard worker, and his wife Florence, née Pearce. With his father long-term unemployed, he grew up in poverty. He attended Galley's Field School in West Hartlepool, but left at fourteen to take a job as a butcher's errand boy. In 1936, after a period of unemployment, he joined the Royal Northumberland Fusiliers, and was posted","title":"Reg Smythe"},{"id":"9903913","text":"Buck Rogers (serial) Buck Rogers is a 1939 Universal serial film starring Buster Crabbe (who had previously played the title character in two \"Flash Gordon\" serials and would return for a third in 1940) as the eponymous hero, Constance Moore, Jackie Moran and Anthony Warde. It was based on the Buck Rogers character created by Philip Francis Nowlan, which had appeared in magazines and comic strips since 1928. In 1938, Lieutenant Buck Rogers (Buster Crabbe) and Buddy Wade (Jackie Moran) are part of the crew of a dirigible flying over the North Pole. They are caught in a savage storm","title":"Buck Rogers (serial)"},{"id":"5264828","text":"Comics Revue Comics Revue is a bi-monthly small press comic book published by Manuscript Press and edited by Rick Norwood. Don Markstein edited the publication from 1984 to 1987 and 1992 to 1996. As of 2014, it has published more than 300 issues, making it the longest running independent comic book (beating the record of \"Cerebus the Aardvark\"). It reprints comic strips such as \"Alley Oop\", \"The Amazing Spider-Man\", \"Barnaby\", \"Batman\", \"Buz Sawyer\", \"Casey Ruggles\", \"Flash Gordon\", \"Gasoline Alley\", \"Hägar the Horrible\", \"Krazy Kat\", \"Lance\", \"Latigo\", \"Little Orphan Annie\", \"Mandrake the Magician\", \"Modesty Blaise\", \"O'Neill\", \"Peanuts\", \"The Phantom\", \"Rick O'Shay\",","title":"Comics Revue"},{"id":"2969695","text":"launched with a cover date of 8 March 1975, and was a hit. Wagner continued to write for girls' comics, including scripting gymnastics strip \"Bella at the Bar\" for \"Tammy\", and was appointed editor of the ailing boys' weekly \"Valiant\". Characters he created for this title included the tough New York City cop \"One-Eyed Jack\", drawn by John Cooper, which was inspired by the film \"Dirty Harry\" and became the comic's most popular character, and \"Soldier Sharp\", drawn by Joe Colquhoun, about a cunning coward in World War II. Both strips transferred to \"Battle\" when \"Valiant\" was merged into it","title":"John Wagner"},{"id":"11152984","text":"Percy Crosby Percy Lee Crosby (December 8, 1891 – December 8, 1964) was an American author, illustrator and cartoonist best known for his comic strip \"Skippy\". Adapted into movies, a novel and a radio show, Crosby's creation was commemorated on a 1997 U.S. Postal Service stamp. An inspiration for Charles Schulz's \"Peanuts\", the strip is regarded by comics historian Maurice Horn as a \"classic... which innovated a number of sophisticated and refined touches used later by Charles Schulz and Bill Watterson.\" Humorist Corey Ford, writing in \"Vanity Fair\", praised the strip as \"America's most important contribution to humor of the","title":"Percy Crosby"},{"id":"6456283","text":"Two in the . Drip-Along Daffy Drip-Along Daffy is a Warner Bros. \"Merrie Melodies\" theatrical cartoon short released in 1951 and later re-released in 1959 as a Blue Ribbon, directed by Chuck Jones and written by Michael Maltese. This cartoon was produced as a parody of Westerns which were widely popular at the time of its release, and features Daffy Duck as a \"Western-Type Hero\", who, with his trusty \"Comedy Relief\" (Porky Pig) hopes to clean up a violence-filled \"\". In a tongue-in-cheek nod to \"The Lone Ranger\", Daffy's horse is named \"Tinfoil\". The cartoon includes an original song (sung","title":"Drip-Along Daffy"},{"id":"6319146","text":"formal art training, became a news cartoonist for the \"New York American\". He entered the fledgling comic-book field 10 years later, contributing such one-page humor strips as \"Bobby\" (whose eponymous character was based on nephew Arthur), \"Peewee\" and \"Happy Daze\" to \"Famous Funnies\", one of those seminal American comic books that reprinted black-and-white newspaper strips in color. Iger became founding editor of another such early comic book, \"Wow, What a Magazine!\", which also included some new material. \"Wow\" lasted four issues (cover-dated July–Sept. & Nov. 1936) but brought Iger together with a 19-year-old Eisner — future creator of \"The Spirit\"","title":"Jerry Iger"},{"id":"15933711","text":"audience could see him) and banter with Berle about the host's alleged lack of talent and originality. The character was likely the inspiration for The Muppets' Statler and Waldorf. Benson became Johnny Carson's favorite comic and appeared frequently on the Carson-hosted \"Tonight Show\". He was honored for Best Documentary at the 2011 Backlot Film Festival for \"The Last First Comic\" uncovering the roots of American comedy also going inside the colorful world of the Burlesque show. Benson married his wife Lillian in November 1936; the 79-year marriage, which lasted until her death in March 2016, remains the longest entertainment industry","title":"Irving Benson"},{"id":"70123","text":"of popular strips - particularly in Spanish - are primarily read over the internet) and ever-shrinking newspaper space. One particularly humorous example of such promotional efforts is the Great Comic Strip Switcheroonie, held in 1997 on April Fool's Day, an event in which dozens of prominent artists took over each other's strips. \"Garfield\"’s Jim Davis, for example, switched with \"Blondie\"’s Stan Drake, while Scott Adams (\"Dilbert\") traded strips with Bil Keane (\"The Family Circus\"). Even the United States Postal Service got into the act, issuing a series of commemorative stamps marking the comic-strip centennial in 1996. While the Switcheroonie was","title":"Comic strip"},{"id":"3134650","text":"characters like \"Tarzan\" and \"Mowgli\" from Rudyard Kipling's \"The Jungle Book\". He was fascinated by the Thugs of India, and hence based his first Phantom comic on the \"Singh Brotherhood\". Falk originally considered the idea of calling his character \"The Gray Ghost\", but finally decided that he preferred \"The Phantom\". Falk revealed in an interview that Robin Hood, who was often depicted as wearing tights, inspired the skin-tight costume of \"The Phantom\", which is known to have influenced the entire superhero-industry. In the A&E Network's \"Phantom\" biography program, Falk explained that Ancient Greek stone busts inspired the notion of pupils","title":"Lee Falk"},{"id":"523885","text":"colouring books, and toy spaceships and rayguns. The \"Flash Gordon\" comic strip ran as a daily from 1934 to 1992, with the Sunday strip continuing until 2003. Reprints are still being syndicated by King Features Syndicate. The comic strip follows the adventures of Flash Gordon, a handsome polo player and Yale University graduate, and his companions Dale Arden and Dr. Hans Zarkov. The story begins with Earth threatened by a collision with the planet Mongo. Dr. Zarkov invents a rocket ship to fly into space in an attempt to stop the disaster. Half mad, he kidnaps Flash and Dale and","title":"Flash Gordon"},{"id":"51603","text":"after the 75th Anniversary Special, fourteen new comic strips joined \"The Beano\" with twelve of these becoming the new Funsize Funnies stories, all of which are parodies of either a celebrity or television show: \"High School Moozical\", \"Neigh-Bours\", \"Celebrity Believe It or Not\", \"I Pity the School\", \"Murs Attacks\", \"Ashley's Banjo\", \"Coronation Bleat\", \"Jose's Back\", \"Simon's Bowel\", \"Guess Who?\", \"Watch-Hog\" and \"Danny Diddly O'Donoghue\" as well as two new one-page stories to replace \"Tricky Dicky\" and \"Big Time Charlie\": \"El Poco Loco\" and \"Teenage Mutant Ninja Turkeys\". Stu Munro also took over as both puzzle page artist (as he did","title":"The Beano"},{"id":"8003562","text":"\"Bête Noire\"; the 'hip' jazz-loving and artistic 'beat' spider, Bug Rogers, drawn with only six legs; Paris Juarez Keats Garcia, a poet; Artemisa Rosalinda Gonzalez, a widow determined to marry the bachelor farmer; and Tehuana Mama, Gordo's housekeeper. Initially, \"Gordo\" was designed to be a Mexican version of \"Li'l Abner\", with a highly caricatured style and a lazy overweight title character who spoke in heavily accented English and took naps under a tree wearing a sombrero. The character reflected popular conceptions of Mexicans when the strip was introduced, particularly Leo Carrillo's portrayal of The Cisco Kid's sidekick, Pancho, in film","title":"Gordo (comic strip)"},{"id":"14797297","text":"1973. Australian Galleries ran an exhibit, \"The Phantom Show\", consisting of traditional art inspired by the Phantom, from December 9–21, 2014. Phantom (comics) The Phantom is a fictional costumed crime-fighter who operates from the fictional country of Bangalla. The character was created by Lee Falk for the adventure comic strip \"The Phantom\", which debuted in newspapers on February 17, 1936. The Phantom was later depicted in many forms of media, including television shows, movies, and video games. Lee Falk's syndicated newspaper comic strip \"The Phantom\" premiered on February 17, 1936, with the story \"The Singh Brotherhood\", written by Falk and","title":"Phantom (comics)"},{"id":"9648262","text":"a real-life pool hustler named Rudolf Wanderone. Mosconi claimed in an interview at the time of the film's release that the character of Minnesota Fats was based on Wanderone, who at the time was known as \"New York Fatty\". Wanderone immediately adopted the Minnesota Fats nickname and parlayed his association with the film into book and television deals and other ventures. Author Walter Tevis denied for the rest of his life that Wanderone had played any role in the creation of the character. Other players would claim, with greater or lesser degrees of credibility, to have served as models for","title":"The Hustler (film)"},{"id":"16656760","text":"the Wild West. The strip ran in 87 newspapers. The strip was influenced by \"Little Orphan Annie\" - Frankie even has curly red hair. Ben Batsford had previously worked on \"Little Annie Rooney\", which was also influenced by Little Orphan Annie. Frankie Doodle Frankie Doodle, originally called \"The Doodle Family\", is an American comic strip that ran from 1934 to 1938. It was created by Ben Batsford. Frankie was the main character even when he lived with his family. However, they were all written out by 1935. Frankie is pursued throughout the strips by Mr. Shady, a disreputable lawyer who","title":"Frankie Doodle"},{"id":"15996911","text":"as a Billy Bunterish comedy figure, complete with straw boater, Fatty Finn evolved . . . into a knockabout schoolboy innocently living out his days in a never-never urban world'. On August 1924 the title of the strip was changed to \"Fatty Finn\", heralding a change in the strip's direction and the role of the main character. \"Fatty Finn\" came to be recognised as one of the best-drawn comics in Australia and vied with \"Ginger Meggs\" in popularity. In 1927 a film called \"The Kid Stakes\" was produced by Tal Ordell, featuring Fatty Finn and his goat, Hector. The film","title":"Syd Nicholls"},{"id":"4706361","text":"Frank. It is probable, but not clear, that Pancho or Cisco were originally named after the famous Mexican revolutionary general whose nom de guerre was Francisco \"Pancho\" Villa. The Cisco Kid The Cisco Kid is a fictional character found in numerous film, radio, television and comic book series based on the fictional Western character created by O. Henry in his 1907 short story \"The Caballero's Way\", published in the collection \"Heart of the West\", as well as in \"Everybody's Magazine\", v17, July 1907. In films, radio and television, the Kid was depicted as a heroic Mexican caballero, even though he","title":"The Cisco Kid"},{"id":"6790873","text":"Newspaper Panel Cartoon Award for 1983, 1984 and 1986. He won the H.L. Mencken Award for the best cartoon in 1985 and he was selected as \"Punster of the Year\" in 1990. The August 14, 2006 edition of the comic strip \"Candorville\", the August 29, 2006 edition of the comic strip \"Arlo & Janis\", and the September 10, 2006 edition of the comic strip \"Prickly City\" paid tribute to Thaves. Bob Thaves Robert Thaves (October 5, 1924 – August 1, 2006) was the creator of the comic strip \"Frank and Ernest\", which began in 1972. Thaves' desire to become a","title":"Bob Thaves"},{"id":"6607924","text":"Saint-Michel. Another famous work were the adventures of Marzolino Tarantola, an eccentric millionaire engaged along with his butler and the hulking speech-impaired strongman \"Henry the crew\" in a car race across the world, from San Francisco to Paris; the threesome must constantly fend off the dastarldy tricks of their nemesis, \"Professor Moriarty\" and his diminutive lackey, Perfidio. The story is loosely based on the Wacky Races cartoon and the movie The Great Race with Tony Curtis and Jack Lemmon but both inspirations merely served Bonvi as a pretext to let him draw wild capers across the globe in the early-1900s","title":"Bonvi"},{"id":"1415619","text":"Olive falls for the ploy, but stops falling for it when Wimpy states that he forgot his hiding place. In yet another notable incident, Wimpy had his own lover, Waneeta, but only loved her because her father owned a herd of beef cows. J. Wellington Wimpy J. Wellington Wimpy, generally referred to as Wimpy, is one of the characters in the long-running comic strip \"Popeye\", created by E. C. Segar in 1934 and originally called \"Thimble Theatre\", and in the \"Popeye\" cartoons based upon the strip. Wimpy was one of the dominant characters in the newspaper strip, but when \"Popeye\"","title":"J. Wellington Wimpy"},{"id":"2748302","text":"Little Lulu Little Lulu is a comic strip created in 1935 by Marjorie Henderson Buell. The character, Lulu Moppet, debuted in \"The Saturday Evening Post\" on February 23, 1935, in a single panel, appearing as a flower girl at a wedding and mischievously strewing the aisle with banana peels. \"Little Lulu\" replaced Carl Anderson's \"Henry\", which had been picked up for distribution by King Features Syndicate. The \"Little Lulu\" panel continued to run weekly in \"The Saturday Evening Post\" until December 30, 1944. \"Little Lulu\" was created as a result of Anderson's success. Schlesinger Library curator Kathryn Allamong Jacob wrote:","title":"Little Lulu"},{"id":"5344829","text":"1932. On May 16, 1926, Harold Knerr began \"\", a topper to \"The Katzenjammer Kids\", which ran until two years after his death. By 1936, to avoid any association with Adolf Hitler, the dog's name was changed to Schnappsy (a.k.a. Schnapps). Knerr's strip was reformatted for reprints in \"Magic Comics\" in the early 1940s. Billy DeBeck's topper for \"Barney Google\" was \"Parlor Bedroom and Sink\", which evolved into \"Parlor Bedroom and Sink Starring Bunky\" and eventually was titled simply \"Bunky\". In the mid-1930s, DeBeck added alongside \"Bunky\" a single-panel topper, \"Knee-Hi-Knoodles\", depictions of kids' funny remarks (contributed by readers). \"Bunky\"","title":"Topper (comic strip)"},{"id":"15256589","text":"Dennis the Menace and Gnasher Dennis and Gnasher (previously titled Dennis the Menace and Gnasher, and originally titled Dennis the Menace) is a long-running comic strip in the British children's comic \"The Beano\", published by DC Thomson, of Dundee, Scotland. The comic stars a boy named Dennis the Menace and his Abyssinian wire-haired tripe hound Gnasher. The strip first appeared in issue 452, dated 17 March 1951 (on sale 12 March 1951), and is the longest-running strip in the comic. The idea and name of the character emerged when the comic's editor heard a British music hall song with the","title":"Dennis the Menace and Gnasher"},{"id":"9849215","text":"will do anything to stop the airline from doing business. After Tommy becomes a pilot, he prevents a runaway aircraft from crashing into a crowd of children, among other adventures that put him into the public eye. Eventually Taggert and his gang are brought to justice. Tommy goes on to win a movie contract, and win the heart of his sweetheart Betty Lou Barnes (Patricia Farr). \"Tailspin Tommy\" was the first serial to be based on a \"comic strip\". From 1936 to 1945, Universal almost made more serial adaptations of comic strips than both of their rivals, Columbia and Republic,","title":"Tailspin Tommy (serial)"},{"id":"12752616","text":"Panhandle Scandal Panhandle Scandal is the 91st animated cartoon short subject in the \"Woody Woodpecker\" series. Released theatrically on May 18, 1959, the film was produced by Walter Lantz Productions and distributed by Universal International. Dapper Denver Dooley, a bandit with a price on his head, approaches the town of Rigor Mortis, Texas and sees a sign, \"No Bandits Allowed,\" signed by \"Woody Woodpecker, Marshal.\" He stops and asks a peon where he can find the marshal. The peon replies, \"You mean the one with the red hair, the big nose, who goes 'Ha-Ha-Ha-Ha-Ha'?\" The bandit says, \"That's him.\" The","title":"Panhandle Scandal"},{"id":"14512506","text":"Media — along with King Features Syndicate and Creators Syndicate — was one of Andrews McMeel's main competitors in the industry. Well-known comics currently and formerly syndicated by Andrews McMeel Syndication include \"For Better or For Worse\", \"FoxTrot\", \"Calvin and Hobbes\", \"Garfield\", \"The Boondocks\", \"Doonesbury\", \"Cathy\", \"Pooch Cafe\", \"Baldo\", \"What the Duck\", \"Ink Pen\", \"Liō\", \"Cul de Sac\", \"Ziggy\", \"Tom the Dancing Bug\", \"The Far Side\" and \"Peanuts\" (since February 27, 2011) in newspapers, calendars and books. Andrews McMeel Syndication also owns and operates GoComics.com, a comics aggregate website featuring comic strips currently syndicated in print, online and on mobile","title":"Andrews McMeel Syndication"},{"id":"2529969","text":"unofficially sanctioned the return of the pin-up (albeit fully clothed) with the Strategic Air Command permitting nose art on its bomber force in the Command's last years. The continuation of historic names such as \"Memphis Belle\" was encouraged. Source material for American nose art was varied, ranging from pinups such as Rita Hayworth and Betty Grable and cartoon characters such as Donald Duck, Bugs Bunny, and Popeye to patriotic characters (Yankee Doodle) and fictional heroes (Sam Spade). Lucky symbols such as dice and playing cards also inspired nose art, along with references to mortality such as the Grim Reaper. Cartoons","title":"Nose art"},{"id":"1551902","text":"Barnaby (comics) Barnaby was a comic strip which began 20 April 1942 in the newspaper \"PM\" and was later syndicated in 64 American newspapers (for a combined circulation of more than 5,500,000). Created by Crockett Johnson, who is best known today for his children's book \"Harold and the Purple Crayon\", the strip featured a cherubic-looking five-year-old and his far-from-cherubic fairy godfather, Jackeen J. O'Malley, a short, cigar-smoking man with four tiny wings. With a distinctive appearance because of its use of typography, the strip had numerous reprints and was adapted into a 1940s stage production. The usually caustic Dorothy Parker","title":"Barnaby (comics)"},{"id":"8031083","text":"TV debut of \"Captain Scarlet and the Mysterons\". Besides \"TV Tornado\", another similar comic was \"Solo\", which like the former contained strips based on the Mysterons to acquaint readers further with the world of \"Captain Scarlet\". \"TV Tornado\" also followed \"The Lone Ranger\" (1949 – 57), \"Voyage to the Bottom of the Sea\" (1964 – 68), \"Tarzan\" (1966 – 68), \"The Saint\" (1962 – 69) and \"The Man from U.N.C.L.E.\" (1964 – 68). \"Solo\" merged with \"TV Tornado\" prior to the latter's own merger with \"TV21\". TV Century 21 TV Century 21, later renamed TV21 (from issue 155), TV21 and","title":"TV Century 21"},{"id":"14797234","text":"Phantom (comics) The Phantom is a fictional costumed crime-fighter who operates from the fictional country of Bangalla. The character was created by Lee Falk for the adventure comic strip \"The Phantom\", which debuted in newspapers on February 17, 1936. The Phantom was later depicted in many forms of media, including television shows, movies, and video games. Lee Falk's syndicated newspaper comic strip \"The Phantom\" premiered on February 17, 1936, with the story \"The Singh Brotherhood\", written by Falk and illustrated first by himself, for two weeks, followed by Ray Moore, who was an assistant to artist Phil Davis on Falk's","title":"Phantom (comics)"},{"id":"8871551","text":"the song's storyline, with Barnacle Bimbo romancing Betty and then leaving her to go back to sea. Like many early Fleischer Studios films, this film was inspired by a popular song, a version of \"Barnacle Bill\" written in 1928 by Frank Luther & Carson Robison and performed by Hoagy Carmichael. It has nothing to do with William Bernard, the sailor and California Gold Rush character known as \"Barnacle Bill\". In this cartoon, Betty Boop still retains some of the canine physical characteristics that she had in her first screen appearance, \"Dizzy Dishes.\" Barnacle Bill (1930 film) Barnacle Bill is a","title":"Barnacle Bill (1930 film)"},{"id":"10693921","text":"Ray Moore (comics) Raymond S. Moore (1905 – January 13, 1984), better known as Ray Moore, was the co-creator, together with Lee Falk, and first artist on what would grow to become the world's most popular adventure comic strip, The Phantom, which started in 1936. Moore had previously worked as Phil Davis' assistant on the Lee Falk-created \"Mandrake the Magician\" comic strip, which was why he was thought to be a suitable choice to draw Falk's new creation. Little is known about Ray's personal life, but he was born in Montgomery City, Missouri, in 1905, and he lived most of","title":"Ray Moore (comics)"},{"id":"2327412","text":"including literature, film, and television. Paramount Pictures' Western silent film \"Wild Bill Hickok\" (released on November 18, 1923) was directed by Clifford Smith and stars William S. Hart as Hickok. A print of the film is maintained in the Museum of Modern Art film archive. The movie \"The Plainsman\" (1936), starring Gary Cooper as Wild Bill Hickok, features the relationship between Buffalo Bill and Calamity Jane as its main plot line. It is a loose adaptation of J. B. Hickok's life ending with his infamous aces and eights card hand. A highly fictional film account of Hickok's later years and","title":"Wild Bill Hickok"},{"id":"12381570","text":"Rabbit and the March Hare. The oldest funny animal comic strip is James Swinnerton's \"The Little Bears\", which debuted in 1892. The earliest example of funny animals in a British comic strip was Arthur White's \"Jungle Jinks\" (1898-1947), which featured a group of school children, anthropomorphized as animals. The comic strip ran in Playbox, a supplement of Home Chat, for years. \"Jungle Jinks\" in particular paved the way for a whole stream of British comics about cute animal characters: \"Tiger Tim\", \"Teddy Tail\", \"Rupert Bear\"... and so on. An early example of a novel which made exclusive use of funny","title":"Funny animal"},{"id":"70116","text":"Spider-Man\". A number of strips have featured animals ('funny animals') as main characters. Some are non-verbal (\"Marmaduke\", \"The Angriest Dog in the World\"), some have verbal thoughts but are not understood by humans, (\"Garfield\", Snoopy in \"Peanuts\"), and some can converse with humans (\"Bloom County\", \"Calvin and Hobbes\", \"Mutts\", \"Citizen Dog\", \"Buckles\", \"Get Fuzzy\", \"Pearls Before Swine\", and \"Pooch Cafe\"). Other strips are centered entirely on animals, as in \"Pogo\" and \"Donald Duck\". Gary Larson's \"The Far Side\" was unusual, as there were no central characters. Instead \"The Far Side\" used a wide variety of characters including humans, monsters, aliens,","title":"Comic strip"},{"id":"10451006","text":"captures the villain on a passing mail hook, leaving the villain tortured over a buzz saw. This short marks the second and last appearance of the characters Piggy and Fluffy. \"Hittin' the Trail for Hallelujah Land\" was released in theaters on November 28, 1931 by Warner Bros. The cartoon's copyright expired in 1959, making it go into public domain. However, the cartoon has been withheld from distribution since 1968. At that time, United Artists owned the rights to most \"Looney Tunes\" and \"Merrie Melodies\" cartoons. \"Hittin' the Trail for Hallelujah land\" and ten other cartoons were deemed to feature racist","title":"Hittin' the Trail for Hallelujah Land"},{"id":"3678861","text":"\"Dick Tracy\", Capp spoofed many other comic strips in \"Li'l Abner\", including \"Steve Canyon\", \"Superman\" (at least twice; first as \"Jack Jawbreaker!\" in 1947 and again in 1966 as \"Chickensouperman!\"), \"Mary Worth\", \"Peanuts\", \"Rex Morgan, M.D.\", \"Little Annie Rooney\", and \"Little Orphan Annie\". Although they proved fertile sources of parody—most memorably \"Little Fanny Gooney\" (1952), \"Rex Moonlight, M.D.\" (1956),\"Steve Cantor\" and \"Mary Worm\" (1957)—no other strip seemed to provide Capp with the same bottomless well of inspiration as \"Dick Tracy\". Later comic strip parodies were mostly one-shot affairs. They never achieved quite the same degree of repeat success or sustained","title":"Fearless Fosdick"},{"id":"11278415","text":"who begins to educate him and take the boy under his wing. But others from both families do not give this outsider their trust. Upset over the budding romance, Dave sets out after Hale with a rifle but is ambushed by the Falins. The latest round of violence causes June not to want to return home, so Hale sends her to Louisville to live with his sister. A bridge is destroyed by the Falins, causing the accidental death of Buddie. A funeral is held and June returns, newly sophisticated from being in the big city. Family patriarch Buck Falin extends","title":"The Trail of the Lonesome Pine (1936 film)"},{"id":"2173811","text":"the series. About 50 million copies have been sold worldwide. The comic strip was, and still is, published daily in the \"Daily Express\", with many of these stories later being printed in books, and every year since 1936 a Rupert annual has also been released. Rupert Bear has become a well-known character in children's culture in the United Kingdom, and the success of the Rupert stories has led to the creation of several television series based on the character. The character also has a large fan following, with such groups as \"The Followers of Rupert\". Rupert is a bear who","title":"Rupert Bear"},{"id":"7287818","text":"among historians, on how exactly the U.S. army's World War II ¼-ton reconnaissance car became generally known as the \"jeep\" — let alone how the word originated in the first place. Many explanations have proven difficult to verify. With certainty, the term \"jeep\" was already in use \"before\" the war, designating various things; while early jeeps were indicated by many designations and nicknames. As early as spring 1936 a character called Eugene the Jeep was created in E. C. Segar's \"Popeye\" cartoons. Eugene the Jeep was Popeye's \"jungle pet\" and was small, able to walk through walls and move between","title":"Willys MB"},{"id":"4934220","text":"Ventriloquist was introduced named Shauna Belzer, first appearing in \"Batgirl\" #20 (July 2013), as created by Gail Simone and Fernando Pasarin. A meek, quiet man named Arnold Wesker (the first Ventriloquist) plans and executes his crimes through a dummy named Scarface, with the dress and persona of a 1920s gangster (complete with pinstripe suit, cigar, and Tommy gun). His name comes from the nickname of Al Capone, after whom Scarface is modeled. Born into a powerful Mafia family, Wesker develops dissociative identity disorder after seeing his mother assassinated by thugs from a rival family. Growing up, his only outlet is","title":"Ventriloquist (comics)"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"id\": \"32648\",\n \"text\": \"staged Sadie Hawkins dances, patterned after the similar annual event in the strip. Li'l Abner has one odd design quirk that has puzzled readers for decades: the part in his hair always faces the viewer, no matter which direction Abner is facing. In response to the question \\\"Which side does Abner part his hair on?,\\\" Capp would answer, \\\"Both.\\\" Capp said he finally found the right \\\"look\\\" for Li'l Abner with Henry Fonda's character Dave Tolliver, in \\\"The Trail of the Lonesome Pine\\\" (1936). In later years, Capp always claimed to have effectively created the miniskirt, when he first put\",\n \"title\": \"Al Capp\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11278413\",\n \"text\": \"The Trail of the Lonesome Pine (1936 film) The Trail of the Lonesome Pine is a 1936 American romance film based on the novel of the same name. Directed by Henry Hathaway, it stars Fred MacMurray, Sylvia Sidney, and Henry Fonda. It was the second full-length feature film to be shot in three-strip Technicolor and the first in color to be shot outdoors, with the approval of the Technicolor Corporation. Much of it was shot at Big Bear Lake in southern California. \\\"The Trail of the Lonesome Pine\\\" was the fourth feature film adaptation of John Fox, Jr.'s 1908 novel,\",\n \"title\": \"The Trail of the Lonesome Pine (1936 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8202581\",\n \"text\": \"the names of caricatures were chosen with satirical effect in mind. Hence, Jane Fonda was christened “Jane Fondle” and Brando was named “Marlon Blando” during his \\\"Last Tango in Paris\\\" days but Marlon Burpo after his figure ballooned due to the rich foods he was fond of consuming in his later career. The strip also included satirical sketches of well-known cartoon and comic strip characters, such as \\\"Mad Magazine\\\"’s Alfred E. Neuman; \\\"Playboy’\\\"s \\\"Little Annie Fanny\\\"; Walt Disney’s \\\"Seven Dwarfs\\\", \\\"Mickey Mouse\\\", and \\\"Donald Duck\\\"; Walt Kelly’s \\\"Pogo\\\", George Herriman’s \\\"Krazy Kat\\\", and Bud Fisher's \\\"Mutt and Jeff\\\". On their\",\n \"title\": \"Wicked Wanda\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"567267\",\n \"text\": \"in lodgings next door to Greta Garbo. In 1935, Fonda starred in the RKO film \\\"I Dream Too Much\\\" with the opera star Lily Pons. \\\"The New York Times\\\" announced him as \\\"Henry Fonda, the most likable of the new crop of romantic juveniles.\\\" Fonda's film career blossomed as he costarred with Sylvia Sidney and Fred MacMurray in \\\"The Trail of the Lonesome Pine\\\" (1936), the first Technicolor movie filmed outdoors. He starred with ex-wife Margaret Sullavan in \\\"The Moon's Our Home\\\", and a short rekindling of their relationship led to a brief but temporary consideration of remarriage. Fonda got\",\n \"title\": \"Henry Fonda\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8586411\",\n \"text\": \"McCarthy era of the 1950s, that their background made them unemployable and who developed various sorts of scams to prey upon the postwar Baby Boomers' search for enlightenment. Crumb has acknowledged that one inspiration for Mr. Natural was a character called The Little Hitchhiker from a comic strip called \\\"The Squirrel Cage\\\" by Gene Ahern, which ran from 1936–1953. An homage is sometimes read into this. Mr. Natural also somewhat resembles an E. C. Segar character, Dr. O.G. Wotasnozzle. Mr. Natural's one-piece yellow outfit bears a resemblance to Richard F. Outcault's early comic strip \\\"The Yellow Kid\\\". In 1973 a\",\n \"title\": \"Mr. Natural (comics)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"70115\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Dilbert\\\", include an email address in each strip. Most comic strip characters do not age throughout the strip's life, but in some strips, like Lynn Johnston's award-winning \\\"For Better or For Worse\\\", the characters age as the years pass. The first strip to feature aging characters was \\\"Gasoline Alley\\\". The history of comic strips also includes series that are not humorous, but tell an ongoing dramatic story. Examples include \\\"The Phantom\\\", \\\"Prince Valiant\\\", \\\"Dick Tracy\\\", \\\"Mary Worth\\\", \\\"Modesty Blaise\\\", \\\"Little Orphan Annie\\\", \\\"Flash Gordon\\\", and \\\"Tarzan\\\". Sometimes these are spin-offs from comic books, for example \\\"Superman\\\", \\\"Batman\\\", and \\\"The Amazing\",\n \"title\": \"Comic strip\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"70093\",\n \"text\": \"of the 20th century, for a total of at least 7,300,000 episodes. Strips are written and drawn by a comics artist or cartoonist. As the name implies, comic strips can be humorous (for example, \\\"gag-a-day\\\" strips such as \\\"Blondie\\\", \\\"Bringing Up Father\\\", \\\"Marmaduke\\\", and \\\"Pearls Before Swine\\\"). Starting in the late 1920s, comic strips expanded from their mirthful origins to feature adventure stories, as seen in \\\"Popeye\\\", \\\"Captain Easy\\\", \\\"Buck Rogers\\\", \\\"Tarzan\\\", and \\\"The Adventures of Tintin\\\". Soap-opera continuity strips such as \\\"Judge Parker\\\" and \\\"Mary Worth\\\" gained popularity in the 1940s. All are called, generically, comic strips, though cartoonist\",\n \"title\": \"Comic strip\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4172585\",\n \"text\": \"Billy DeBeck William Morgan DeBeck (April 15, 1890 – November 11, 1942), better known as Billy DeBeck, was an American cartoonist. He is most famous as the creator of the comic strip \\\"Barney Google\\\", later retitled \\\"Barney Google and Snuffy Smith\\\". The strip was especially popular in the 1920s and 1930s, and featured a number of well-known characters, including the title character, Bunky, Snuffy Smith, and Spark Plug the race horse. Spark Plug was a merchandising phenomenon, and has been called the Snoopy of the 1920s. DeBeck drew with a scratchy line in a \\\"big-foot\\\" style, in which characters had\",\n \"title\": \"Billy DeBeck\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8785936\",\n \"text\": \"which he also illustrated, was chosen by Albert Tillman as one of the 100 best pop-up books ever published and featured on the cover of Tillman's historical survey, \\\"Pop-Up! Pop-Up!\\\" (Whalestooth, 1998). Slesinger purchased the rights to the \\\"Ozark Ike\\\" comic strip from creator Rufus A. (\\\"Ray\\\") Gotto. In 1936, it became his first comic strip in syndication. Other licensing included Tom Mix, \\\"King of the Royal Mounted\\\", \\\"Alley Oop\\\", \\\"Captain Easy\\\", \\\"Wash Tubbs\\\", \\\"Polly the Powers Model\\\", \\\"Charlie Chan\\\", \\\"Buck Rogers\\\" and \\\"Og, Son of Fire\\\", as well as all Newspaper Enterprise Association comic strips. For these and many\",\n \"title\": \"Stephen Slesinger\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14413993\",\n \"text\": \"with characters and situations based upon hundreds of newspaper-published comic strips dating back to the inception of the form (the installment published October 16, 2012 featured \\\"The Yellow Kid\\\", a character/cartoon first appearing in 1895). Characters from \\\"Calvin and Hobbes\\\", \\\"Little Orphan Annie\\\", \\\"Crock\\\", \\\"Dilbert\\\", \\\"Popeye\\\", \\\"B.C.\\\", \\\"Beetle Bailey\\\", \\\"The Boondocks\\\", \\\"The Wizard of Id\\\" and \\\"Broom-Hilda\\\" are among those prominently featured. Weapon Brown is set in a post apocalyptic world, and the story itself centers around the eponymous character Weapon Brown, who is on a mission to rescue the woman he loves from a former acquaintance: Linus Van Pelt,\",\n \"title\": \"Weapon Brown\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11702519\",\n \"text\": \"name of Jake Wells with The B. F. Keith Supreme Vaudeville Co. After the acquisition of several other local theatres by Lynch Enterprises, The Wells Theatre's was changed to The Imperial Theatre. Throughout the early 1900s the theatre continued to provide the city of Augusta and the surrounding area with great entertainment. In 1929, as vaudevillian acts decreased in popularity and motion pictures enjoyed meteoric success, Miller decided to renovate the Imperial into a full-time movie house in the popular art deco style. In March 1936 \\\"The Trail of the Lonesome Pine,\\\" starring Henry Fonda and Fred McMurray, became the\",\n \"title\": \"Imperial Theatre (Augusta, Georgia)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7305430\",\n \"text\": \"Starring Sylvia Sidney, Henry Fonda, and Fred MacMurray, the film was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Original Song for Louis Alter and Sidney D. Mitchell's \\\"A Melody for the Sky.\\\" It was also awarded the Venice Film Festival Award for Best Color Film. Hathaway's version marked the first time the Technicolor process was used for outdoor filmmaking. The 1916 DeMille adaptation features an additional plot angle of Hale being a revenue agent seeking out \\\"moonshiners.\\\" It also omitted much of the subplot concerning the Falin family. Henry Hathaway's 1936 version, which was the first feature film to be\",\n \"title\": \"The Trail of the Lonesome Pine (novel)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"605486\",\n \"text\": \"Looney Tunes Looney Tunes is an American animated series of comedy short films produced by Warner Bros. from 1930 to 1969 during the golden age of American animation, alongside its sister series \\\"Merrie Melodies\\\". It was known for introducing Bugs Bunny, Daffy Duck, Porky Pig, Elmer Fudd, Tweety, Sylvester, Granny, Yosemite Sam, Foghorn Leghorn, Marvin the Martian, Pepé Le Pew, Speedy Gonzales, Tasmanian Devil, Road Runner, Wile E. Coyote and many other cartoon characters. \\\"Looney Tunes\\\" name was inspired by Walt Disney's musical series \\\"Silly Symphonies\\\". They initially showcased musical compositions whose rights were held by Warner's music publishing interests\",\n \"title\": \"Looney Tunes\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1256902\",\n \"text\": \"Charlie Brown on the very first Peanuts strip. Charlie Brown had a notably surprisingly successful romantic relationship with Peggy Jean, although this eventually broke up with him when he realized that she already had a boyfriend. Charlie Brown, along with Snoopy, was ranked eighth on TV Guide's 50 Greatest Cartoon Characters of All Time. Charlie Brown Charlie Brown or Charles Brown Esquire (see “A Boy Named Charlie Brown” movie) is the protagonist of the comic strip \\\"Peanuts\\\", syndicated in daily and Sunday newspapers in numerous countries all over the world. Depicted as a \\\"lovable loser,\\\" Charlie Brown is one of\",\n \"title\": \"Charlie Brown\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6878775\",\n \"text\": \"project at Carnegie Mellon has made at least two Big Little Books available online. Thibadeau attempts to \\\"capture the entire production\\\" of an old book with facsimile images showing pages with wear and tear. \\\"We're basically trying to eternalize that book as it is,\\\" says Thibadeau. The Antique Books Digital Library offers two free Big Little Book titles, \\\"Tim McCoy on the Tomahawk Trail\\\" and \\\"Bronc Peeler The Lone Cowboy\\\". Fred Harman's \\\"Bronc Peeler\\\" was a Western comic strip character who was a precursor to another comic strip drawn by Harman, the more successful \\\"Red Ryder\\\". Sam Mendes' film \\\"Road\",\n \"title\": \"Big Little Book series\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1642481\",\n \"text\": \"1958. The \\\"Betty Boop\\\" series continues to be a favorite of many critics, and the 1933 \\\"Betty Boop\\\" cartoon \\\"Snow-White\\\" (not to be confused with Disney's film \\\"Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs\\\" (1937)) was selected for preservation by the U.S. Library of Congress in the National Film Registry in 1994. Betty Boop's popularity continues well into present day culture, with references appearing in the comic strip \\\"Doonesbury\\\", where the character B.D.'s busty girlfriend/wife is named \\\"Boopsie\\\" and the animated reality TV spoof \\\"Drawn Together\\\", where Betty is the inspiration for Toot Braunstein. A \\\"Betty Boop\\\" musical is in development\",\n \"title\": \"Betty Boop\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17287485\",\n \"text\": \"Snoopy and Woodstock. The film sees Charlie Brown trying to improve his odds with the Little Red-Haired Girl, while Snoopy writes a book about the World War I Flying Ace as he imagines himself as a legend trying to save his love interest and fellow pilot Fifi from the Red Baron and his army. \\\"The Peanuts Movie\\\" was released on November 6, 2015, commemorating the 65th anniversary of the original comic strip and the 50th anniversary of the TV special \\\"A Charlie Brown Christmas\\\". It grossed $246 million worldwide against a $99 million budget. The critical consensus on Rotten Tomatoes\",\n \"title\": \"The Peanuts Movie\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2621889\",\n \"text\": \"Catholic education. One of the best-known features of Keane's work is the dotted line comics, showing the characters' paths through the neighborhood or house with a thick dotted line. The earliest appearance of the dotted line was on April 8, 1962 (an un-dotted path had first appeared on February 25). This concept has been parodied by other comic strips, including \\\"Pearls Before Swine\\\", \\\"For Better or For Worse\\\", \\\"FoxTrot\\\", \\\"Calvin and Hobbes\\\", \\\"Garfield\\\", \\\"Liō\\\", and \\\"Marvin\\\". In an interview, Jeff Keane, who now produces the strip, described how he creates the line: by drawing one continuous black line and then\",\n \"title\": \"The Family Circus\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4667595\",\n \"text\": \"Hathaway's next film was with Cooper, \\\"The Lives of a Bengal Lancer\\\" (1935). Hathaway spent some time in India supervising filming of scenes. The movie was a huge hit and received seven Academy Award nominations, including Best Picture and for which Hathaway won his only nomination for the Academy Award for Directing. Hathaway was now established as one of the main directors on the Paramount lot. He made another with Cooper, \\\"Peter Ibbetson\\\" (1935). This was followed by \\\"The Trail of the Lonesome Pine\\\" (1936), his first movie in color. He also worked on the troubled \\\"I Loved a Soldier\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"Henry Hathaway\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5176607\",\n \"text\": \"Nick Carter debuted in 1886. Tarzan was introduced in 1912, and Zorro found its way to the public in 1919, but El Coyote became even bigger – in Spain. Among other early famous, often masked American novel and/or radio heroes were The Shadow, debuting 1930 (and 1931), plus The Phantom Detective, Doc Savage, The Spider and Lone Ranger in 1933, and Green Hornet in 1936. Some of the very early comic strip superheroes were Buck Rogers introduced in 1928, Dick Tracy 1931, and Flash Gordon in 1934. The most famous comic book (or strip) hero is Superman originated in 1933\",\n \"title\": \"El Coyote (character)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8983163\",\n \"text\": \"in the 1936 Betty Boop film \\\"Betty Boop and Little Jimmy\\\". Little Jimmy Camp in the Angeles National Forest, near Los Angeles, California, is named after the comic strip in honor of Swinnerton, who once stayed there. Little Jimmy Little Jimmy, originally titled Jimmy, was a newspaper comic strip created by Jimmy Swinnerton. With a publication history from February 14, 1904, to 1958, it was one of the first continuing features and one of the longest running. The title character was a little boy who was constantly forgetting what he was supposed to do and ended up getting into trouble.\",\n \"title\": \"Little Jimmy\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"804639\",\n \"text\": \"Flash Gordon (serial) Flash Gordon is a 1936 science fiction film serial. Shown in 13 chapters, it was the first screen adventure for the comic-strip character Flash Gordon that was invented by Alex Raymond only two years earlier in 1934. It tells the story of Flash Gordon's first visit to the planet Mongo and his encounter with the evil Emperor Ming the Merciless. Buster Crabbe, Jean Rogers, Charles Middleton, Priscilla Lawson and Frank Shannon played the central roles. In 1996, \\\"Flash Gordon\\\" was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being\",\n \"title\": \"Flash Gordon (serial)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6406619\",\n \"text\": \"by Shrewsbury sculptor Jane Robbins. Reg Smythe Reginald Smyth (10 July 1917 – 13 June 1998), known by his professional name Reg Smythe, was a British cartoonist who created the popular, long-running \\\"Andy Capp\\\" comic strip. He was born in Hartlepool, Teesside, England, the son of Richard Oliver Smyth, a shipyard worker, and his wife Florence, née Pearce. With his father long-term unemployed, he grew up in poverty. He attended Galley's Field School in West Hartlepool, but left at fourteen to take a job as a butcher's errand boy. In 1936, after a period of unemployment, he joined the Royal\",\n \"title\": \"Reg Smythe\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11278419\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Best Music, Original Song\\\". The other song, \\\"Twilight on the Trail\\\", became a popular hit and eventually something of a classic. It inspired a 1941 cowboy film of the same name and has been recorded by numerous country, pop, rock and soul singers. \\\"Trail of the Lonesome Pine\\\" was recognized at the 1936 Venice Film Festival for a \\\"Special Recommendation\\\" for the use of color film. The Trail of the Lonesome Pine (1936 film) The Trail of the Lonesome Pine is a 1936 American romance film based on the novel of the same name. Directed by Henry Hathaway, it stars\",\n \"title\": \"The Trail of the Lonesome Pine (1936 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12885724\",\n \"text\": \"Li'l Abner (1940 film) Li'l Abner is a 1940 film based on the comic strip \\\"Li'l Abner\\\" created by Al Capp. The three most recognizable names associated with the film are Buster Keaton as Lonesome Polecat, Jeff York as Li'l Abner, and Milton Berle, who co-wrote the title song. This was the first of two films based on the popular Al Capp strip, the second being Paramount's 1959 musical, \\\"Li'l Abner\\\", which was also based on the hit 1956 Broadway musical \\\"Li'l Abner\\\". Li'l Abner becomes convinced that he is going to die within twenty-four hours, so agrees to marry\",\n \"title\": \"Li'l Abner (1940 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2947772\",\n \"text\": \"song \\\"Oh, My Goodness\\\" to four ethnically stereotyped dolls. The fourth doll, representing a black African woman or girl, is addressed as \\\"pickaninny\\\". In the 1936 Hal Roach feature \\\"General Spanky\\\" starring the Our Gang children, Buckwheat gets his foot tangled in the cord that blows the whistle on the river boat. Buckwheat is untangled by the captain of the river boat who hands him over to his master and tells him to \\\"keep an eye on that little pickaninny\\\". Early editions of the longest-running British children's comic book \\\"The Beano\\\", launched in 1938, featured a pickaninny character, Little Peanut,\",\n \"title\": \"Pickaninny\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"32644\",\n \"text\": \"to reader pressure and allowed the couple to marry. This newsworthy event made the cover of \\\"Life\\\" on March 31, 1952. Capp peopled his comic strip with an assortment of memorable characters, including Marryin' Sam, Hairless Joe, Lonesome Polecat, Evil-Eye Fleegle, General Bullmoose, Lena the Hyena, Senator Jack S. Phogbound (Capp's caricature of the anti-New Deal Dixiecrats), the \\\"(shudder!)\\\" Scraggs, Available Jones, Nightmare Alice, Earthquake McGoon, and a host of others. Most notably, certainly from a G.I. point of view, are the beautiful, full-figured women like Daisy Mae, Wolf Gal, Stupefyin' Jones and Moonbeam McSwine (a caricature of his wife\",\n \"title\": \"Al Capp\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6632359\",\n \"text\": \"DeBeck's death from cancer in 1942, Lasswell took over \\\"Barney Google and Snuffy Smith\\\". Under Lasswell's tenure, Barney was gradually phased out (although he did reappear occasionally), and the strip's emphasis shifted to Snuffy Smith and his rural setting. Lasswell also introduced his own characters, including Elviney Barlow, Parson Tuttle and Ol' Doc Pritchart. During World War II, Lasswell served as a flight radio operator in Africa and was a staffer for \\\"Leatherneck Magazine\\\", for which he created the comic strip \\\"Sgt. Hashmark\\\". Lasswell was a prolific inventor and early adopter of new technology. He was one of the first\",\n \"title\": \"Fred Lasswell\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5899992\",\n \"text\": \"attempts never failed to get Barnaby into hot water. Mr. O'Malley was a comic strip original, though in appearance he had a passing resemblance to W.C. Fields. \\\"Cushlamochree\\\" (from the Irish \\\"cuisle mo chroí\\\", \\\"beat of my heart\\\") was his signature cry when shocked by the inevitable down-turn of events in response to his ineffectual meddling in Barnaby's affairs. Throughout the course of his comic career Mr. O'Malley stumbled his way into the U.S. Congress and became a Wall Street tycoon. Mr. O'Malley Mr. O'Malley was a character in the ground-breaking, intellectual comic strip \\\"Barnaby\\\", by cartoonist Crockett Johnson. He\",\n \"title\": \"Mr. O'Malley\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11278414\",\n \"text\": \"including 1916 and 1923 silent versions. As with the novel, the film makes extensive use of Appalachian English in the dialogue. Deep in the region of the Eastern Kentucky Coalfield, a feud between the Kentucky clans of the Tollivers and the Falins has been ongoing for as long as anyone can recall. After an engineer, Jack Hale, arrives with coal and railroad interests, he saves the life of Dave Tolliver, whose injury has developed gangrene. Dave expects to marry a cousin, June, but she takes an immediate shine to the newcomer. Her younger brother Buddie is also impressed with Hale,\",\n \"title\": \"The Trail of the Lonesome Pine (1936 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11153006\",\n \"text\": \"1964, after a heart attack that had left him in a coma for months, Crosby died in the asylum on his 73rd birthday. He was buried in Pine Lawn Veterans' Cemetery on Long Island. Percy Crosby Percy Lee Crosby (December 8, 1891 – December 8, 1964) was an American author, illustrator and cartoonist best known for his comic strip \\\"Skippy\\\". Adapted into movies, a novel and a radio show, Crosby's creation was commemorated on a 1997 U.S. Postal Service stamp. An inspiration for Charles Schulz's \\\"Peanuts\\\", the strip is regarded by comics historian Maurice Horn as a \\\"classic... which innovated\",\n \"title\": \"Percy Crosby\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5970707\",\n \"text\": \"Skippy (comic strip) Skippy was an American comic strip written and drawn by Percy Crosby that was published from 1923 to 1945. A highly popular, acclaimed and influential feature about rambunctious fifth-grader Skippy Skinner, his friends and his enemies, it was adapted into movies, a novel and a radio show. It was commemorated on a 1997 U.S. Postal Service stamp and was the basis for a wide range of merchandising that includes Skippy peanut butter. An early influence on cartoonist Charles Schulz and an inspiration for his \\\"Peanuts\\\", \\\"Skippy\\\" is considered one of the classics of the form. In \\\"Vanity\",\n \"title\": \"Skippy (comic strip)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9769476\",\n \"text\": \"with four serials annually. The studio made news in 1929 by hiring Tim McCoy to star in its first all-talking serial, \\\"The Indians Are Coming!\\\" Epic footage from this western serial turned up again and again in later serials and features. In 1936 Universal scored a coup by licensing the popular comic-strip character Flash Gordon for the screen; the serial was a smash hit, and was even booked into first-run theaters that usually did not bother with chapter plays. Universal followed it up with more pop-culture icons: The Green Hornet and Ace Drummond from radio, and Smilin' Jack and Buck\",\n \"title\": \"Serial film\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11858835\",\n \"text\": \"handful of appearances in the \\\"Popeye\\\" cartoons, including \\\"A Clean Shaven Man\\\" (1936, nonspeaking role), \\\"Olive's Boithday Presink\\\" (1941), and \\\"Wimpy the Moocher\\\" (1960). In the 1980 \\\"Popeye\\\" film, Geezil was a greengrocer who was constantly arguing with Wimpy, but the two maintained a shaky friendship (at one point, he comments \\\"Phooey! The Commodore! Besides Wimpy, I hate him best!\\\"). Geezil was played by Richard Libertini. George W. Geezil George W. Geezil, also known as simply Geezil, is a comic strip character created by E.C. Segar for the \\\"Thimble Theatre\\\" (now \\\"Popeye\\\") strip. Geezil made his first appearance in the\",\n \"title\": \"George W. Geezil\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6185034\",\n \"text\": \"Steve Roper and Mike Nomad Steve Roper and Mike Nomad was an American adventure comic strip that ran (under various earlier titles) from November 23, 1936, to December 26, 2004. Initially distributed by Publishers Syndicate and then by Field Newspaper Syndicate, it ended at King Features Syndicate. Despite the changes in title, characters, themes and authors, the entire 68-year run formed a single evolving story, from an Indian who teamed up with an adventurous young photojournalist to two longtime friends ready to retire after their long, eventful careers. Created by Allen Saunders and Elmer Woggon, the strip was written by\",\n \"title\": \"Steve Roper and Mike Nomad\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1552081\",\n \"text\": \"did my imitation of Joe Palooka.\\\" In the 1994 film \\\"Pulp Fiction\\\", character Vincent Vega (John Travolta) disparages the character of boxer Butch Coolidge (Bruce Willis) for taking a dive saying, \\\"I ain't your friend, palooka.\\\" All directed by Lloyd French and starring Robert Norton and Shemp Howard (except the last two with Beverly Phalon and Johnny Burkes). Joe Palooka Joe Palooka is an American comic strip about a heavyweight boxing champion, created by cartoonist Ham Fisher in 1921. The strip debuted in 1930 and was carried at its peak by 900 newspapers. The strip was adapted to a short-lived\",\n \"title\": \"Joe Palooka\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1268391\",\n \"text\": \"Golden age of American animation The golden age of American animation was a period in the history of U.S. animation that began with the advent of sound cartoons in 1928 and continued until around 1969, by which time theatrical animated shorts had begun losing to the newer medium of television animation. Many popular characters emerged from this period, including Bugs Bunny, Mickey Mouse, Daffy Duck, Donald Duck, Goofy, Popeye, Tom and Jerry, Porky Pig, Betty Boop, Woody Woodpecker, Droopy, Mighty Mouse, Mr. Magoo, Pink Panther, the Fox and the Crow, George and Junior, Wile E. Coyote and the Road Runner,\",\n \"title\": \"Golden age of American animation\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9404434\",\n \"text\": \"and I will hug him, and pet him, and squeeze him\\\" with Mel Blanc doing an unmistakable imitation of Lon Chaney, Jr.'s Lennie. Tex Avery, who worked as a director on Warner-released cartoons during the 1930s and early 1940s, started the \\\"Of Mice and Men\\\" trend with \\\"Of Fox and Hounds\\\" (1940) and \\\"Lonesome Lenny\\\" (1946) featuring Screwy Squirrel. The formula was so successful that it was used again and again in subsequent shorts, notably Robert McKimson's \\\"Hoppy Go Lucky\\\" (1952), \\\"Cat-Tails for Two\\\" (1953) and Chuck Jones' \\\"The Abominable Snow Rabbit\\\" (1961). Many more serious animated features use George\",\n \"title\": \"Of Mice and Men in popular culture\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6943781\",\n \"text\": \"Poopdeck Pappy Poopdeck Pappy is a fictional character featured in the \\\"Popeye\\\" (\\\"Thimble Theatre\\\") comic strip and animated cartoon spinoffs. Created by E. C. Segar in 1936, the character is Popeye's father, who is between the ages of 85 and 99. Pappy first appeared in \\\"Thimble Theatre\\\" not long after Popeye acquired Eugene the Jeep in 1936. Popeye decided to use the creature's supernatural knowledge to find his father. An expedition was set up to go to Poopdeck's home on Barnacle Island, which included Toar the caveman and Olive Oyl. The ungrateful father answered Popeye's greeting with, \\\"You look like\",\n \"title\": \"Poopdeck Pappy\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1876837\",\n \"text\": \"Marschall in \\\"America's Great Comic Strip Artists\\\" (1989). With adult readers far outnumbering juveniles, \\\"Li'l Abner\\\" forever cleared away the concept that humor strips were solely the domain of adolescents and children. \\\"Li'l Abner\\\" provided a whole new template for contemporary satire and personal expression in comics, paving the way for \\\"Pogo\\\", \\\"Feiffer\\\", \\\"Doonesbury\\\" and \\\"MAD\\\". \\\"Fearless Fosdick\\\" and other \\\"Li'l Abner\\\" comic strip parodies, such as \\\"Jack Jawbreaker!\\\" (1947) and \\\"Little Fanny Gooney\\\" (1952), were almost certainly an inspiration to Harvey Kurtzman when he created his irreverent \\\"Mad\\\", which began in 1952 as a comic book that specifically parodied\",\n \"title\": \"Li'l Abner\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14512504\",\n \"text\": \"John McMeel. The company began syndicating Garry Trudeau’s \\\"Doonesbury\\\" comic strip in October 1970. Trudeau won the Pulitzer Prize for editorial cartooning in 1975 for his work on \\\"Doonesbury\\\", and the strip is now syndicated in more than 1,400 newspapers worldwide. Over the following decades, the syndicate added other well-known comic strips including \\\"Ziggy\\\", \\\"Cathy\\\", \\\"For Better or For Worse\\\", \\\"Calvin and Hobbes\\\", \\\"The Far Side\\\", \\\"FoxTrot\\\", \\\"Baldo\\\", \\\"The Boondocks\\\", \\\"In the Bleachers\\\", \\\"Non Sequitur\\\", \\\"Stone Soup\\\", \\\"Real Life Adventures\\\", \\\"Cornered\\\", \\\"Lio\\\", \\\"Cul De Sac\\\", \\\"Thatababy\\\", \\\"Wumo\\\", editorial cartoonists and columnists. Universal Uclick was formed in July 2009 following the\",\n \"title\": \"Andrews McMeel Syndication\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2677949\",\n \"text\": \"Baby Face Finlayson Baby Face Finlayson is a fictional character in a comic strip in the UK comic \\\"The Beano\\\", first appearing in issue 1553, dated 22 April 1972. Baby Face Finlayson \\\"The Cutest Bandit in the West\\\" is an outlaw from the American Old West, and is, in fact, a baby. His name is derived from the real-life American gangster of the 1930s Baby Face Nelson (real name Lester Joseph Gillis). He was originally a minor character in Little Plum, but was later given a spin-off strip of his own. He rode around in a motorised pram, stealing everything\",\n \"title\": \"Baby Face Finlayson\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2748303\",\n \"text\": \"Marjorie Henderson Buell (1904–1993), whose work appeared under the name \\\"Marge\\\", had created two comic strips in the 1920s: \\\"The Boy Friend\\\" and \\\"Dashing Dot\\\", both with female leads. She first had Little Lulu published in a single-panel cartoon in \\\"The Saturday Evening Post\\\" on February 23, 1935, in which Lulu appears as a flower girl at a wedding and strews the aisle with banana peels. The \\\"Little Lulu\\\" strip replaced the strip \\\"Henry\\\" in the magazine; the \\\"Post\\\" requested a similar strip from Buell, and Buell created a little girl character in place of \\\"Henry\\\"s little boy as she\",\n \"title\": \"Little Lulu\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12885725\",\n \"text\": \"two different girls: Daisy Mae (who has chased him for years) and Wendy Wilecat (who rescued him from an angry mob). It is all settled at the Sadie Hawkins Day race. Li'l Abner (1940 film) Li'l Abner is a 1940 film based on the comic strip \\\"Li'l Abner\\\" created by Al Capp. The three most recognizable names associated with the film are Buster Keaton as Lonesome Polecat, Jeff York as Li'l Abner, and Milton Berle, who co-wrote the title song. This was the first of two films based on the popular Al Capp strip, the second being Paramount's 1959 musical,\",\n \"title\": \"Li'l Abner (1940 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2757361\",\n \"text\": \"of suburban couple John and Myrtle Sappo. However, Segar later added the character of inventor Professor O. G. Wotasnozzle to \\\"Sappo\\\". Wotasnozzle's bizarre machines soon became the focus of the narrative. On January 17, 1929, when Castor Oyl needed a mariner to navigate his ship to Dice Island, Castor picked up an old sailor in the docks named Popeye. Popeye's first line in the strip, upon being asked if he was a sailor, was \\\"'Ja think I'm a cowboy?\\\" The character stole the show and became the permanent star. Some of the other notable characters Segar created include J. Wellington\",\n \"title\": \"E. C. Segar\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3553460\",\n \"text\": \"Bil Keane William Aloysius Keane (October 5, 1922 – November 8, 2011), better known as Bil Keane, was an American cartoonist most notable for his work on the newspaper comic \\\"The Family Circus\\\". It began in 1960 and continues in syndication, drawn by his son Jeff Keane. Keane was born in the Philadelphia, Pennsylvania neighborhood of Crescentville and attended parochial school at St. William Parish and Northeast Catholic High School. While a schoolboy, he taught himself to draw by mimicking the style of the cartoons published in \\\"The New Yorker\\\". His first cartoon was published on May 21, 1936 on\",\n \"title\": \"Bil Keane\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2513669\",\n \"text\": \"Gersher, Stan Drake, Denis Lebrun, and John Marshall. Despite these changes, \\\"Blondie\\\" has remained popular, appearing in more than 2,000 newspapers in 47 countries and translated into 35 languages. Since 2006, \\\"Blondie\\\" has also been available via email through King Features' DailyINK service. Originally designed to follow in the footsteps of Young's earlier \\\"pretty girl\\\" creations \\\"Beautiful Bab\\\" and \\\"Dumb Dora\\\", \\\"Blondie\\\" focused on the adventures of Blondie Boopadoop—a carefree flapper girl who spent her days in dance halls along with her boyfriend Dagwood Bumstead, heir to a railroad fortune. The name \\\"Boopadoop\\\" derives from the scat singing lyric that\",\n \"title\": \"Blondie (comic strip)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6185055\",\n \"text\": \"a journalist. Steve Roper and Mike Nomad Steve Roper and Mike Nomad was an American adventure comic strip that ran (under various earlier titles) from November 23, 1936, to December 26, 2004. Initially distributed by Publishers Syndicate and then by Field Newspaper Syndicate, it ended at King Features Syndicate. Despite the changes in title, characters, themes and authors, the entire 68-year run formed a single evolving story, from an Indian who teamed up with an adventurous young photojournalist to two longtime friends ready to retire after their long, eventful careers. Created by Allen Saunders and Elmer Woggon, the strip was\",\n \"title\": \"Steve Roper and Mike Nomad\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13005994\",\n \"text\": \"a Scottish accent) as well as his ancestor, Sir Francis Haddock. Just as in the comic, he is initially portrayed as a drunk, who is always in search of alcohol. Tintin endeavours to cure the captain of his alcoholism, but eventually discovers that it is an essential component of his character. Captain Haddock Captain Archibald Haddock () is a fictional character in \\\"The Adventures of Tintin\\\", the comics series by Belgian cartoonist Hergé. He is Tintin's best friend, a seafaring pipe-smoking Merchant Marine Captain. Haddock is initially depicted as a weak and alcoholic character under the control of his treacherous\",\n \"title\": \"Captain Haddock\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"70118\",\n \"text\": \"used for political or social commentary. This ranged from the conservative slant of \\\"Little Orphan Annie\\\" to the unabashed liberalism of \\\"Doonesbury\\\". \\\"Pogo\\\" used animals to particularly devastating effect, caricaturing many prominent politicians of the day as animal denizens of Pogo's Okeefenokee Swamp. In a fearless move, Pogo's creator Walt Kelly took on Joseph McCarthy in the 1950s, caricaturing him as a bobcat named Simple J. Malarkey, a megalomaniac who was bent on taking over the characters' birdwatching club and rooting out all undesirables. Kelly also defended the medium against possible government regulation in the McCarthy era. At a time\",\n \"title\": \"Comic strip\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"32719\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"The plowman homeward plods his weary way / And leaves the world to darkness and to me,\\\" (from \\\"Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard,\\\" 1751). \\\"Neither the strip's shifting political leanings nor the slide of its final few years had any bearing on its status as a classic; and in 1995, it was recognized as such by the U.S. Postal Service,\\\" according to \\\"Toonopedia\\\". \\\"Li'l Abner\\\" was one of 20 American comic strips included in the Comic Strip Classics series of USPS commemorative stamps. Al Capp, an inductee into the National Cartoon Museum (formerly the International Museum of Cartoon Art),\",\n \"title\": \"Al Capp\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7813034\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"ABC's 64-Page Giant\\\", Splash battles Bunko the Dog (a parody of Bimbo, Betty Boop's canine boyfriend), a 1930s cartoon character who is brought to life in a movie theatre. Accused of plagiarism, Splash is nearly defeated until he tells Bunko what he is doing is in fact a tribute. As he and his companion leave the theatre, they encounter what appears to be DC Comic's Plastic Man. This story has Moore acknowledging the inspirations behind Splash, as well as displaying self-deprecating humour (such as that he is in fact merely copying earlier works). Splash Brannigan Splash Brannigan is a fictional\",\n \"title\": \"Splash Brannigan\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1256842\",\n \"text\": \"Charlie Brown Charlie Brown or Charles Brown Esquire (see “A Boy Named Charlie Brown” movie) is the protagonist of the comic strip \\\"Peanuts\\\", syndicated in daily and Sunday newspapers in numerous countries all over the world. Depicted as a \\\"lovable loser,\\\" Charlie Brown is one of the great American archetypes and a popular and widely recognized cartoon character. Charlie Brown is characterized as a person who frequently suffers, and as a result is usually nervous and lacks self-confidence. He shows both pessimistic and optimistic attitudes: on some days, he is reluctant to go out because his day might just be\",\n \"title\": \"Charlie Brown\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"804645\",\n \"text\": \"thrill-a-minute stuff as Flash battles one adversary after another\\\" and stated that it was \\\"the best of the Crabbe trilogy of \\\"Flash Gordon\\\" films\\\". Flash Gordon (serial) Flash Gordon is a 1936 science fiction film serial. Shown in 13 chapters, it was the first screen adventure for the comic-strip character Flash Gordon that was invented by Alex Raymond only two years earlier in 1934. It tells the story of Flash Gordon's first visit to the planet Mongo and his encounter with the evil Emperor Ming the Merciless. Buster Crabbe, Jean Rogers, Charles Middleton, Priscilla Lawson and Frank Shannon played the\",\n \"title\": \"Flash Gordon (serial)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6456275\",\n \"text\": \"Drip-Along Daffy Drip-Along Daffy is a Warner Bros. \\\"Merrie Melodies\\\" theatrical cartoon short released in 1951 and later re-released in 1959 as a Blue Ribbon, directed by Chuck Jones and written by Michael Maltese. This cartoon was produced as a parody of Westerns which were widely popular at the time of its release, and features Daffy Duck as a \\\"Western-Type Hero\\\", who, with his trusty \\\"Comedy Relief\\\" (Porky Pig) hopes to clean up a violence-filled \\\"\\\". In a tongue-in-cheek nod to \\\"The Lone Ranger\\\", Daffy's horse is named \\\"Tinfoil\\\". The cartoon includes an original song (sung by Porky) \\\"The Flower\",\n \"title\": \"Drip-Along Daffy\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13005976\",\n \"text\": \"Captain Haddock Captain Archibald Haddock () is a fictional character in \\\"The Adventures of Tintin\\\", the comics series by Belgian cartoonist Hergé. He is Tintin's best friend, a seafaring pipe-smoking Merchant Marine Captain. Haddock is initially depicted as a weak and alcoholic character under the control of his treacherous first mate Allan, who keeps him drunk and runs his freighter. He regains his command and his dignity, even rising to president of the Society of Sober Sailors (\\\"The Shooting Star\\\"), but never gives up his love for rum and whisky, especially Loch Lomond, until the final Tintin adventure, \\\"Tintin and\",\n \"title\": \"Captain Haddock\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20976101\",\n \"text\": \"Rudolph Dirks, creator of the hugely popular \\\"The Katzenjammer Kids\\\" strip, left the Hearst organization for Pulitzer and began a new strip, first titled \\\"Hans and Fritz\\\" and then \\\"The Captain and the Kids\\\". It featured the same characters seen in \\\"The Katzenjammer Kids\\\", and remained nearly as popular (eventually running until 1979). The E. W. Scripps Company acquired the \\\"New York World\\\" newspaper and its syndication assets in February 1931, bringing over to Scripps' United Feature Syndicate the popular comic strips \\\"The Captain and the Kids\\\", \\\"Everyday Movies\\\", \\\"Fritzi Ritz\\\", \\\"Hawkshaw the Detective\\\", \\\"Joe Jinks\\\", and \\\"Little Mary Mixup\\\".\",\n \"title\": \"New York World comic strips\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5896165\",\n \"text\": \"Donald Duck in comics Donald Duck, a cartoon character created by the Walt Disney Company, is today the star of dozens of comic-book and comic-strip stories published each month (in certain parts of the world, each week) around the world. The earliest print mention of Donald Duck is likely in 1931, in the book, \\\"The Adventures of Mickey Mouse,\\\" published by David McKay Company, Philadelphia. On the first text page, none of which are numbered, the third paragraph begins, \\\"Mickey has many friends in the old barn and the barnyard, besides Minnie Mouse. They are Henry Horse and Carolyn Cow\",\n \"title\": \"Donald Duck in comics\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6406611\",\n \"text\": \"Reg Smythe Reginald Smyth (10 July 1917 – 13 June 1998), known by his professional name Reg Smythe, was a British cartoonist who created the popular, long-running \\\"Andy Capp\\\" comic strip. He was born in Hartlepool, Teesside, England, the son of Richard Oliver Smyth, a shipyard worker, and his wife Florence, née Pearce. With his father long-term unemployed, he grew up in poverty. He attended Galley's Field School in West Hartlepool, but left at fourteen to take a job as a butcher's errand boy. In 1936, after a period of unemployment, he joined the Royal Northumberland Fusiliers, and was posted\",\n \"title\": \"Reg Smythe\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9903913\",\n \"text\": \"Buck Rogers (serial) Buck Rogers is a 1939 Universal serial film starring Buster Crabbe (who had previously played the title character in two \\\"Flash Gordon\\\" serials and would return for a third in 1940) as the eponymous hero, Constance Moore, Jackie Moran and Anthony Warde. It was based on the Buck Rogers character created by Philip Francis Nowlan, which had appeared in magazines and comic strips since 1928. In 1938, Lieutenant Buck Rogers (Buster Crabbe) and Buddy Wade (Jackie Moran) are part of the crew of a dirigible flying over the North Pole. They are caught in a savage storm\",\n \"title\": \"Buck Rogers (serial)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5264828\",\n \"text\": \"Comics Revue Comics Revue is a bi-monthly small press comic book published by Manuscript Press and edited by Rick Norwood. Don Markstein edited the publication from 1984 to 1987 and 1992 to 1996. As of 2014, it has published more than 300 issues, making it the longest running independent comic book (beating the record of \\\"Cerebus the Aardvark\\\"). It reprints comic strips such as \\\"Alley Oop\\\", \\\"The Amazing Spider-Man\\\", \\\"Barnaby\\\", \\\"Batman\\\", \\\"Buz Sawyer\\\", \\\"Casey Ruggles\\\", \\\"Flash Gordon\\\", \\\"Gasoline Alley\\\", \\\"Hägar the Horrible\\\", \\\"Krazy Kat\\\", \\\"Lance\\\", \\\"Latigo\\\", \\\"Little Orphan Annie\\\", \\\"Mandrake the Magician\\\", \\\"Modesty Blaise\\\", \\\"O'Neill\\\", \\\"Peanuts\\\", \\\"The Phantom\\\", \\\"Rick O'Shay\\\",\",\n \"title\": \"Comics Revue\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2969695\",\n \"text\": \"launched with a cover date of 8 March 1975, and was a hit. Wagner continued to write for girls' comics, including scripting gymnastics strip \\\"Bella at the Bar\\\" for \\\"Tammy\\\", and was appointed editor of the ailing boys' weekly \\\"Valiant\\\". Characters he created for this title included the tough New York City cop \\\"One-Eyed Jack\\\", drawn by John Cooper, which was inspired by the film \\\"Dirty Harry\\\" and became the comic's most popular character, and \\\"Soldier Sharp\\\", drawn by Joe Colquhoun, about a cunning coward in World War II. Both strips transferred to \\\"Battle\\\" when \\\"Valiant\\\" was merged into it\",\n \"title\": \"John Wagner\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11152984\",\n \"text\": \"Percy Crosby Percy Lee Crosby (December 8, 1891 – December 8, 1964) was an American author, illustrator and cartoonist best known for his comic strip \\\"Skippy\\\". Adapted into movies, a novel and a radio show, Crosby's creation was commemorated on a 1997 U.S. Postal Service stamp. An inspiration for Charles Schulz's \\\"Peanuts\\\", the strip is regarded by comics historian Maurice Horn as a \\\"classic... which innovated a number of sophisticated and refined touches used later by Charles Schulz and Bill Watterson.\\\" Humorist Corey Ford, writing in \\\"Vanity Fair\\\", praised the strip as \\\"America's most important contribution to humor of the\",\n \"title\": \"Percy Crosby\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6456283\",\n \"text\": \"Two in the . Drip-Along Daffy Drip-Along Daffy is a Warner Bros. \\\"Merrie Melodies\\\" theatrical cartoon short released in 1951 and later re-released in 1959 as a Blue Ribbon, directed by Chuck Jones and written by Michael Maltese. This cartoon was produced as a parody of Westerns which were widely popular at the time of its release, and features Daffy Duck as a \\\"Western-Type Hero\\\", who, with his trusty \\\"Comedy Relief\\\" (Porky Pig) hopes to clean up a violence-filled \\\"\\\". In a tongue-in-cheek nod to \\\"The Lone Ranger\\\", Daffy's horse is named \\\"Tinfoil\\\". The cartoon includes an original song (sung\",\n \"title\": \"Drip-Along Daffy\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6319146\",\n \"text\": \"formal art training, became a news cartoonist for the \\\"New York American\\\". He entered the fledgling comic-book field 10 years later, contributing such one-page humor strips as \\\"Bobby\\\" (whose eponymous character was based on nephew Arthur), \\\"Peewee\\\" and \\\"Happy Daze\\\" to \\\"Famous Funnies\\\", one of those seminal American comic books that reprinted black-and-white newspaper strips in color. Iger became founding editor of another such early comic book, \\\"Wow, What a Magazine!\\\", which also included some new material. \\\"Wow\\\" lasted four issues (cover-dated July–Sept. & Nov. 1936) but brought Iger together with a 19-year-old Eisner — future creator of \\\"The Spirit\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"Jerry Iger\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15933711\",\n \"text\": \"audience could see him) and banter with Berle about the host's alleged lack of talent and originality. The character was likely the inspiration for The Muppets' Statler and Waldorf. Benson became Johnny Carson's favorite comic and appeared frequently on the Carson-hosted \\\"Tonight Show\\\". He was honored for Best Documentary at the 2011 Backlot Film Festival for \\\"The Last First Comic\\\" uncovering the roots of American comedy also going inside the colorful world of the Burlesque show. Benson married his wife Lillian in November 1936; the 79-year marriage, which lasted until her death in March 2016, remains the longest entertainment industry\",\n \"title\": \"Irving Benson\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"70123\",\n \"text\": \"of popular strips - particularly in Spanish - are primarily read over the internet) and ever-shrinking newspaper space. One particularly humorous example of such promotional efforts is the Great Comic Strip Switcheroonie, held in 1997 on April Fool's Day, an event in which dozens of prominent artists took over each other's strips. \\\"Garfield\\\"’s Jim Davis, for example, switched with \\\"Blondie\\\"’s Stan Drake, while Scott Adams (\\\"Dilbert\\\") traded strips with Bil Keane (\\\"The Family Circus\\\"). Even the United States Postal Service got into the act, issuing a series of commemorative stamps marking the comic-strip centennial in 1996. While the Switcheroonie was\",\n \"title\": \"Comic strip\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3134650\",\n \"text\": \"characters like \\\"Tarzan\\\" and \\\"Mowgli\\\" from Rudyard Kipling's \\\"The Jungle Book\\\". He was fascinated by the Thugs of India, and hence based his first Phantom comic on the \\\"Singh Brotherhood\\\". Falk originally considered the idea of calling his character \\\"The Gray Ghost\\\", but finally decided that he preferred \\\"The Phantom\\\". Falk revealed in an interview that Robin Hood, who was often depicted as wearing tights, inspired the skin-tight costume of \\\"The Phantom\\\", which is known to have influenced the entire superhero-industry. In the A&E Network's \\\"Phantom\\\" biography program, Falk explained that Ancient Greek stone busts inspired the notion of pupils\",\n \"title\": \"Lee Falk\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"523885\",\n \"text\": \"colouring books, and toy spaceships and rayguns. The \\\"Flash Gordon\\\" comic strip ran as a daily from 1934 to 1992, with the Sunday strip continuing until 2003. Reprints are still being syndicated by King Features Syndicate. The comic strip follows the adventures of Flash Gordon, a handsome polo player and Yale University graduate, and his companions Dale Arden and Dr. Hans Zarkov. The story begins with Earth threatened by a collision with the planet Mongo. Dr. Zarkov invents a rocket ship to fly into space in an attempt to stop the disaster. Half mad, he kidnaps Flash and Dale and\",\n \"title\": \"Flash Gordon\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"51603\",\n \"text\": \"after the 75th Anniversary Special, fourteen new comic strips joined \\\"The Beano\\\" with twelve of these becoming the new Funsize Funnies stories, all of which are parodies of either a celebrity or television show: \\\"High School Moozical\\\", \\\"Neigh-Bours\\\", \\\"Celebrity Believe It or Not\\\", \\\"I Pity the School\\\", \\\"Murs Attacks\\\", \\\"Ashley's Banjo\\\", \\\"Coronation Bleat\\\", \\\"Jose's Back\\\", \\\"Simon's Bowel\\\", \\\"Guess Who?\\\", \\\"Watch-Hog\\\" and \\\"Danny Diddly O'Donoghue\\\" as well as two new one-page stories to replace \\\"Tricky Dicky\\\" and \\\"Big Time Charlie\\\": \\\"El Poco Loco\\\" and \\\"Teenage Mutant Ninja Turkeys\\\". Stu Munro also took over as both puzzle page artist (as he did\",\n \"title\": \"The Beano\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8003562\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Bête Noire\\\"; the 'hip' jazz-loving and artistic 'beat' spider, Bug Rogers, drawn with only six legs; Paris Juarez Keats Garcia, a poet; Artemisa Rosalinda Gonzalez, a widow determined to marry the bachelor farmer; and Tehuana Mama, Gordo's housekeeper. Initially, \\\"Gordo\\\" was designed to be a Mexican version of \\\"Li'l Abner\\\", with a highly caricatured style and a lazy overweight title character who spoke in heavily accented English and took naps under a tree wearing a sombrero. The character reflected popular conceptions of Mexicans when the strip was introduced, particularly Leo Carrillo's portrayal of The Cisco Kid's sidekick, Pancho, in film\",\n \"title\": \"Gordo (comic strip)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14797297\",\n \"text\": \"1973. Australian Galleries ran an exhibit, \\\"The Phantom Show\\\", consisting of traditional art inspired by the Phantom, from December 9–21, 2014. Phantom (comics) The Phantom is a fictional costumed crime-fighter who operates from the fictional country of Bangalla. The character was created by Lee Falk for the adventure comic strip \\\"The Phantom\\\", which debuted in newspapers on February 17, 1936. The Phantom was later depicted in many forms of media, including television shows, movies, and video games. Lee Falk's syndicated newspaper comic strip \\\"The Phantom\\\" premiered on February 17, 1936, with the story \\\"The Singh Brotherhood\\\", written by Falk and\",\n \"title\": \"Phantom (comics)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9648262\",\n \"text\": \"a real-life pool hustler named Rudolf Wanderone. Mosconi claimed in an interview at the time of the film's release that the character of Minnesota Fats was based on Wanderone, who at the time was known as \\\"New York Fatty\\\". Wanderone immediately adopted the Minnesota Fats nickname and parlayed his association with the film into book and television deals and other ventures. Author Walter Tevis denied for the rest of his life that Wanderone had played any role in the creation of the character. Other players would claim, with greater or lesser degrees of credibility, to have served as models for\",\n \"title\": \"The Hustler (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16656760\",\n \"text\": \"the Wild West. The strip ran in 87 newspapers. The strip was influenced by \\\"Little Orphan Annie\\\" - Frankie even has curly red hair. Ben Batsford had previously worked on \\\"Little Annie Rooney\\\", which was also influenced by Little Orphan Annie. Frankie Doodle Frankie Doodle, originally called \\\"The Doodle Family\\\", is an American comic strip that ran from 1934 to 1938. It was created by Ben Batsford. Frankie was the main character even when he lived with his family. However, they were all written out by 1935. Frankie is pursued throughout the strips by Mr. Shady, a disreputable lawyer who\",\n \"title\": \"Frankie Doodle\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15996911\",\n \"text\": \"as a Billy Bunterish comedy figure, complete with straw boater, Fatty Finn evolved . . . into a knockabout schoolboy innocently living out his days in a never-never urban world'. On August 1924 the title of the strip was changed to \\\"Fatty Finn\\\", heralding a change in the strip's direction and the role of the main character. \\\"Fatty Finn\\\" came to be recognised as one of the best-drawn comics in Australia and vied with \\\"Ginger Meggs\\\" in popularity. In 1927 a film called \\\"The Kid Stakes\\\" was produced by Tal Ordell, featuring Fatty Finn and his goat, Hector. The film\",\n \"title\": \"Syd Nicholls\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4706361\",\n \"text\": \"Frank. It is probable, but not clear, that Pancho or Cisco were originally named after the famous Mexican revolutionary general whose nom de guerre was Francisco \\\"Pancho\\\" Villa. The Cisco Kid The Cisco Kid is a fictional character found in numerous film, radio, television and comic book series based on the fictional Western character created by O. Henry in his 1907 short story \\\"The Caballero's Way\\\", published in the collection \\\"Heart of the West\\\", as well as in \\\"Everybody's Magazine\\\", v17, July 1907. In films, radio and television, the Kid was depicted as a heroic Mexican caballero, even though he\",\n \"title\": \"The Cisco Kid\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6790873\",\n \"text\": \"Newspaper Panel Cartoon Award for 1983, 1984 and 1986. He won the H.L. Mencken Award for the best cartoon in 1985 and he was selected as \\\"Punster of the Year\\\" in 1990. The August 14, 2006 edition of the comic strip \\\"Candorville\\\", the August 29, 2006 edition of the comic strip \\\"Arlo & Janis\\\", and the September 10, 2006 edition of the comic strip \\\"Prickly City\\\" paid tribute to Thaves. Bob Thaves Robert Thaves (October 5, 1924 – August 1, 2006) was the creator of the comic strip \\\"Frank and Ernest\\\", which began in 1972. Thaves' desire to become a\",\n \"title\": \"Bob Thaves\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6607924\",\n \"text\": \"Saint-Michel. Another famous work were the adventures of Marzolino Tarantola, an eccentric millionaire engaged along with his butler and the hulking speech-impaired strongman \\\"Henry the crew\\\" in a car race across the world, from San Francisco to Paris; the threesome must constantly fend off the dastarldy tricks of their nemesis, \\\"Professor Moriarty\\\" and his diminutive lackey, Perfidio. The story is loosely based on the Wacky Races cartoon and the movie The Great Race with Tony Curtis and Jack Lemmon but both inspirations merely served Bonvi as a pretext to let him draw wild capers across the globe in the early-1900s\",\n \"title\": \"Bonvi\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1415619\",\n \"text\": \"Olive falls for the ploy, but stops falling for it when Wimpy states that he forgot his hiding place. In yet another notable incident, Wimpy had his own lover, Waneeta, but only loved her because her father owned a herd of beef cows. J. Wellington Wimpy J. Wellington Wimpy, generally referred to as Wimpy, is one of the characters in the long-running comic strip \\\"Popeye\\\", created by E. C. Segar in 1934 and originally called \\\"Thimble Theatre\\\", and in the \\\"Popeye\\\" cartoons based upon the strip. Wimpy was one of the dominant characters in the newspaper strip, but when \\\"Popeye\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"J. Wellington Wimpy\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2748302\",\n \"text\": \"Little Lulu Little Lulu is a comic strip created in 1935 by Marjorie Henderson Buell. The character, Lulu Moppet, debuted in \\\"The Saturday Evening Post\\\" on February 23, 1935, in a single panel, appearing as a flower girl at a wedding and mischievously strewing the aisle with banana peels. \\\"Little Lulu\\\" replaced Carl Anderson's \\\"Henry\\\", which had been picked up for distribution by King Features Syndicate. The \\\"Little Lulu\\\" panel continued to run weekly in \\\"The Saturday Evening Post\\\" until December 30, 1944. \\\"Little Lulu\\\" was created as a result of Anderson's success. Schlesinger Library curator Kathryn Allamong Jacob wrote:\",\n \"title\": \"Little Lulu\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5344829\",\n \"text\": \"1932. On May 16, 1926, Harold Knerr began \\\"\\\", a topper to \\\"The Katzenjammer Kids\\\", which ran until two years after his death. By 1936, to avoid any association with Adolf Hitler, the dog's name was changed to Schnappsy (a.k.a. Schnapps). Knerr's strip was reformatted for reprints in \\\"Magic Comics\\\" in the early 1940s. Billy DeBeck's topper for \\\"Barney Google\\\" was \\\"Parlor Bedroom and Sink\\\", which evolved into \\\"Parlor Bedroom and Sink Starring Bunky\\\" and eventually was titled simply \\\"Bunky\\\". In the mid-1930s, DeBeck added alongside \\\"Bunky\\\" a single-panel topper, \\\"Knee-Hi-Knoodles\\\", depictions of kids' funny remarks (contributed by readers). \\\"Bunky\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"Topper (comic strip)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15256589\",\n \"text\": \"Dennis the Menace and Gnasher Dennis and Gnasher (previously titled Dennis the Menace and Gnasher, and originally titled Dennis the Menace) is a long-running comic strip in the British children's comic \\\"The Beano\\\", published by DC Thomson, of Dundee, Scotland. The comic stars a boy named Dennis the Menace and his Abyssinian wire-haired tripe hound Gnasher. The strip first appeared in issue 452, dated 17 March 1951 (on sale 12 March 1951), and is the longest-running strip in the comic. The idea and name of the character emerged when the comic's editor heard a British music hall song with the\",\n \"title\": \"Dennis the Menace and Gnasher\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9849215\",\n \"text\": \"will do anything to stop the airline from doing business. After Tommy becomes a pilot, he prevents a runaway aircraft from crashing into a crowd of children, among other adventures that put him into the public eye. Eventually Taggert and his gang are brought to justice. Tommy goes on to win a movie contract, and win the heart of his sweetheart Betty Lou Barnes (Patricia Farr). \\\"Tailspin Tommy\\\" was the first serial to be based on a \\\"comic strip\\\". From 1936 to 1945, Universal almost made more serial adaptations of comic strips than both of their rivals, Columbia and Republic,\",\n \"title\": \"Tailspin Tommy (serial)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12752616\",\n \"text\": \"Panhandle Scandal Panhandle Scandal is the 91st animated cartoon short subject in the \\\"Woody Woodpecker\\\" series. Released theatrically on May 18, 1959, the film was produced by Walter Lantz Productions and distributed by Universal International. Dapper Denver Dooley, a bandit with a price on his head, approaches the town of Rigor Mortis, Texas and sees a sign, \\\"No Bandits Allowed,\\\" signed by \\\"Woody Woodpecker, Marshal.\\\" He stops and asks a peon where he can find the marshal. The peon replies, \\\"You mean the one with the red hair, the big nose, who goes 'Ha-Ha-Ha-Ha-Ha'?\\\" The bandit says, \\\"That's him.\\\" The\",\n \"title\": \"Panhandle Scandal\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14512506\",\n \"text\": \"Media — along with King Features Syndicate and Creators Syndicate — was one of Andrews McMeel's main competitors in the industry. Well-known comics currently and formerly syndicated by Andrews McMeel Syndication include \\\"For Better or For Worse\\\", \\\"FoxTrot\\\", \\\"Calvin and Hobbes\\\", \\\"Garfield\\\", \\\"The Boondocks\\\", \\\"Doonesbury\\\", \\\"Cathy\\\", \\\"Pooch Cafe\\\", \\\"Baldo\\\", \\\"What the Duck\\\", \\\"Ink Pen\\\", \\\"Liō\\\", \\\"Cul de Sac\\\", \\\"Ziggy\\\", \\\"Tom the Dancing Bug\\\", \\\"The Far Side\\\" and \\\"Peanuts\\\" (since February 27, 2011) in newspapers, calendars and books. Andrews McMeel Syndication also owns and operates GoComics.com, a comics aggregate website featuring comic strips currently syndicated in print, online and on mobile\",\n \"title\": \"Andrews McMeel Syndication\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2529969\",\n \"text\": \"unofficially sanctioned the return of the pin-up (albeit fully clothed) with the Strategic Air Command permitting nose art on its bomber force in the Command's last years. The continuation of historic names such as \\\"Memphis Belle\\\" was encouraged. Source material for American nose art was varied, ranging from pinups such as Rita Hayworth and Betty Grable and cartoon characters such as Donald Duck, Bugs Bunny, and Popeye to patriotic characters (Yankee Doodle) and fictional heroes (Sam Spade). Lucky symbols such as dice and playing cards also inspired nose art, along with references to mortality such as the Grim Reaper. Cartoons\",\n \"title\": \"Nose art\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1551902\",\n \"text\": \"Barnaby (comics) Barnaby was a comic strip which began 20 April 1942 in the newspaper \\\"PM\\\" and was later syndicated in 64 American newspapers (for a combined circulation of more than 5,500,000). Created by Crockett Johnson, who is best known today for his children's book \\\"Harold and the Purple Crayon\\\", the strip featured a cherubic-looking five-year-old and his far-from-cherubic fairy godfather, Jackeen J. O'Malley, a short, cigar-smoking man with four tiny wings. With a distinctive appearance because of its use of typography, the strip had numerous reprints and was adapted into a 1940s stage production. The usually caustic Dorothy Parker\",\n \"title\": \"Barnaby (comics)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8031083\",\n \"text\": \"TV debut of \\\"Captain Scarlet and the Mysterons\\\". Besides \\\"TV Tornado\\\", another similar comic was \\\"Solo\\\", which like the former contained strips based on the Mysterons to acquaint readers further with the world of \\\"Captain Scarlet\\\". \\\"TV Tornado\\\" also followed \\\"The Lone Ranger\\\" (1949 – 57), \\\"Voyage to the Bottom of the Sea\\\" (1964 – 68), \\\"Tarzan\\\" (1966 – 68), \\\"The Saint\\\" (1962 – 69) and \\\"The Man from U.N.C.L.E.\\\" (1964 – 68). \\\"Solo\\\" merged with \\\"TV Tornado\\\" prior to the latter's own merger with \\\"TV21\\\". TV Century 21 TV Century 21, later renamed TV21 (from issue 155), TV21 and\",\n \"title\": \"TV Century 21\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14797234\",\n \"text\": \"Phantom (comics) The Phantom is a fictional costumed crime-fighter who operates from the fictional country of Bangalla. The character was created by Lee Falk for the adventure comic strip \\\"The Phantom\\\", which debuted in newspapers on February 17, 1936. The Phantom was later depicted in many forms of media, including television shows, movies, and video games. Lee Falk's syndicated newspaper comic strip \\\"The Phantom\\\" premiered on February 17, 1936, with the story \\\"The Singh Brotherhood\\\", written by Falk and illustrated first by himself, for two weeks, followed by Ray Moore, who was an assistant to artist Phil Davis on Falk's\",\n \"title\": \"Phantom (comics)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8871551\",\n \"text\": \"the song's storyline, with Barnacle Bimbo romancing Betty and then leaving her to go back to sea. Like many early Fleischer Studios films, this film was inspired by a popular song, a version of \\\"Barnacle Bill\\\" written in 1928 by Frank Luther & Carson Robison and performed by Hoagy Carmichael. It has nothing to do with William Bernard, the sailor and California Gold Rush character known as \\\"Barnacle Bill\\\". In this cartoon, Betty Boop still retains some of the canine physical characteristics that she had in her first screen appearance, \\\"Dizzy Dishes.\\\" Barnacle Bill (1930 film) Barnacle Bill is a\",\n \"title\": \"Barnacle Bill (1930 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10693921\",\n \"text\": \"Ray Moore (comics) Raymond S. Moore (1905 – January 13, 1984), better known as Ray Moore, was the co-creator, together with Lee Falk, and first artist on what would grow to become the world's most popular adventure comic strip, The Phantom, which started in 1936. Moore had previously worked as Phil Davis' assistant on the Lee Falk-created \\\"Mandrake the Magician\\\" comic strip, which was why he was thought to be a suitable choice to draw Falk's new creation. Little is known about Ray's personal life, but he was born in Montgomery City, Missouri, in 1905, and he lived most of\",\n \"title\": \"Ray Moore (comics)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2327412\",\n \"text\": \"including literature, film, and television. Paramount Pictures' Western silent film \\\"Wild Bill Hickok\\\" (released on November 18, 1923) was directed by Clifford Smith and stars William S. Hart as Hickok. A print of the film is maintained in the Museum of Modern Art film archive. The movie \\\"The Plainsman\\\" (1936), starring Gary Cooper as Wild Bill Hickok, features the relationship between Buffalo Bill and Calamity Jane as its main plot line. It is a loose adaptation of J. B. Hickok's life ending with his infamous aces and eights card hand. A highly fictional film account of Hickok's later years and\",\n \"title\": \"Wild Bill Hickok\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12381570\",\n \"text\": \"Rabbit and the March Hare. The oldest funny animal comic strip is James Swinnerton's \\\"The Little Bears\\\", which debuted in 1892. The earliest example of funny animals in a British comic strip was Arthur White's \\\"Jungle Jinks\\\" (1898-1947), which featured a group of school children, anthropomorphized as animals. The comic strip ran in Playbox, a supplement of Home Chat, for years. \\\"Jungle Jinks\\\" in particular paved the way for a whole stream of British comics about cute animal characters: \\\"Tiger Tim\\\", \\\"Teddy Tail\\\", \\\"Rupert Bear\\\"... and so on. An early example of a novel which made exclusive use of funny\",\n \"title\": \"Funny animal\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"70116\",\n \"text\": \"Spider-Man\\\". A number of strips have featured animals ('funny animals') as main characters. Some are non-verbal (\\\"Marmaduke\\\", \\\"The Angriest Dog in the World\\\"), some have verbal thoughts but are not understood by humans, (\\\"Garfield\\\", Snoopy in \\\"Peanuts\\\"), and some can converse with humans (\\\"Bloom County\\\", \\\"Calvin and Hobbes\\\", \\\"Mutts\\\", \\\"Citizen Dog\\\", \\\"Buckles\\\", \\\"Get Fuzzy\\\", \\\"Pearls Before Swine\\\", and \\\"Pooch Cafe\\\"). Other strips are centered entirely on animals, as in \\\"Pogo\\\" and \\\"Donald Duck\\\". Gary Larson's \\\"The Far Side\\\" was unusual, as there were no central characters. Instead \\\"The Far Side\\\" used a wide variety of characters including humans, monsters, aliens,\",\n \"title\": \"Comic strip\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10451006\",\n \"text\": \"captures the villain on a passing mail hook, leaving the villain tortured over a buzz saw. This short marks the second and last appearance of the characters Piggy and Fluffy. \\\"Hittin' the Trail for Hallelujah Land\\\" was released in theaters on November 28, 1931 by Warner Bros. The cartoon's copyright expired in 1959, making it go into public domain. However, the cartoon has been withheld from distribution since 1968. At that time, United Artists owned the rights to most \\\"Looney Tunes\\\" and \\\"Merrie Melodies\\\" cartoons. \\\"Hittin' the Trail for Hallelujah land\\\" and ten other cartoons were deemed to feature racist\",\n \"title\": \"Hittin' the Trail for Hallelujah Land\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3678861\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Dick Tracy\\\", Capp spoofed many other comic strips in \\\"Li'l Abner\\\", including \\\"Steve Canyon\\\", \\\"Superman\\\" (at least twice; first as \\\"Jack Jawbreaker!\\\" in 1947 and again in 1966 as \\\"Chickensouperman!\\\"), \\\"Mary Worth\\\", \\\"Peanuts\\\", \\\"Rex Morgan, M.D.\\\", \\\"Little Annie Rooney\\\", and \\\"Little Orphan Annie\\\". Although they proved fertile sources of parody—most memorably \\\"Little Fanny Gooney\\\" (1952), \\\"Rex Moonlight, M.D.\\\" (1956),\\\"Steve Cantor\\\" and \\\"Mary Worm\\\" (1957)—no other strip seemed to provide Capp with the same bottomless well of inspiration as \\\"Dick Tracy\\\". Later comic strip parodies were mostly one-shot affairs. They never achieved quite the same degree of repeat success or sustained\",\n \"title\": \"Fearless Fosdick\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11278415\",\n \"text\": \"who begins to educate him and take the boy under his wing. But others from both families do not give this outsider their trust. Upset over the budding romance, Dave sets out after Hale with a rifle but is ambushed by the Falins. The latest round of violence causes June not to want to return home, so Hale sends her to Louisville to live with his sister. A bridge is destroyed by the Falins, causing the accidental death of Buddie. A funeral is held and June returns, newly sophisticated from being in the big city. Family patriarch Buck Falin extends\",\n \"title\": \"The Trail of the Lonesome Pine (1936 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2173811\",\n \"text\": \"the series. About 50 million copies have been sold worldwide. The comic strip was, and still is, published daily in the \\\"Daily Express\\\", with many of these stories later being printed in books, and every year since 1936 a Rupert annual has also been released. Rupert Bear has become a well-known character in children's culture in the United Kingdom, and the success of the Rupert stories has led to the creation of several television series based on the character. The character also has a large fan following, with such groups as \\\"The Followers of Rupert\\\". Rupert is a bear who\",\n \"title\": \"Rupert Bear\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7287818\",\n \"text\": \"among historians, on how exactly the U.S. army's World War II ¼-ton reconnaissance car became generally known as the \\\"jeep\\\" — let alone how the word originated in the first place. Many explanations have proven difficult to verify. With certainty, the term \\\"jeep\\\" was already in use \\\"before\\\" the war, designating various things; while early jeeps were indicated by many designations and nicknames. As early as spring 1936 a character called Eugene the Jeep was created in E. C. Segar's \\\"Popeye\\\" cartoons. Eugene the Jeep was Popeye's \\\"jungle pet\\\" and was small, able to walk through walls and move between\",\n \"title\": \"Willys MB\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4934220\",\n \"text\": \"Ventriloquist was introduced named Shauna Belzer, first appearing in \\\"Batgirl\\\" #20 (July 2013), as created by Gail Simone and Fernando Pasarin. A meek, quiet man named Arnold Wesker (the first Ventriloquist) plans and executes his crimes through a dummy named Scarface, with the dress and persona of a 1920s gangster (complete with pinstripe suit, cigar, and Tommy gun). His name comes from the nickname of Al Capone, after whom Scarface is modeled. Born into a powerful Mafia family, Wesker develops dissociative identity disorder after seeing his mother assassinated by thugs from a rival family. Growing up, his only outlet is\",\n \"title\": \"Ventriloquist (comics)\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"compressed_ctxs_1":{"kind":"string","value":"{\n \"compressed_prompt\": \"Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\\n\\ntitle: Al Capp context: staged Sadie Hawkins dances, patterned after the similar annual event in the strip. Li'l Abner has one odd design quirk that has puzzled readers for decades: the part in his hair always faces the viewer, no matter which direction Abner is facing. In response to the question \\\"Which side does Abner part his hair on?,\\\" Capp would answer, \\\"Both.\\\" Capp said he finally found the right \\\"look\\\" for Li'l Abner with Henry Fonda's character Dave Tolliver, in \\\"The Trail of the Lonesome Pine\\\" (1936). In later years, Capp always claimed to have effectively created the miniskirt, when he first put\\n\\nWhat famous comic strip character was inspired by the 1936 Henry Fonda film Trail of the Lonesome Pine?\",\n \"compressed_tokens\": 209,\n \"origin_tokens\": 209,\n \"ratio\": \"1.0x\",\n \"saving\": \", Saving $0.0 in GPT-4.\"\n}"},"compressed_ctxs_100":{"kind":"string","value":"{\n \"compressed_prompt\": \"Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\\n\\ntitle: Al Capp context: staged Sadie Hawkins dances, patterned after the similar annual event in the strip Li'l Abner has one odd design quirk that has puzzled readers for decades: the part in his hair always faces the viewer, no matter which direction Abner is facing. In response to the question \\\"Which side does Abner part his hair on?,\\\" Capp would answer, \\\"Both.\\\" Capp said he finally found the right \\\"look\\\" for Li'l Abner with Henry Fonda's character Dave Tolliver, in \\\"The Trail of the Lonesome Pine\\\" (1936). In later years, Capp always claimed to have effectively created the miniskirt, when he first put\\n\\ntitle The Trail of the Lonesome Pine (1936 film context: The Trail of the Lonesome P (1936 Trail of the Lonesome P is a 1936 Americanance based on the novel of the same. Directed by Henry Hathaway, it Fred MacMurray, Sylvia Sidney, and Henry Fonda It the full-length feature to be shot three-strip Technicol and the first in color to be shot outdo, with approval of the Technicolor Corporation Much of it was shot at Big Bear Lake southern California. \\\"The Trail of the Lonesome Pine was the feature film adaptation John Fox, Jr.'s 1908,\\n The Tra the Lonesomeel) context:via Sidney, MacM, film was nominated Academy for Best Original for Alter Sidney. Mitchell \\\"A the.\\\" It was awarded Best Color Filmaway's version marked the first time Technor was fordoormaking. The 1ille adaptation additional of being a agenthin.\\\" also of sub concerning Falin family.away'6 film be9 film: \\\" \\\" hit a classic. Itboy and soul singers. \\\"Trail of the Lonesome Pine\\\" was recognized at the 1936 Venice Film Festival for a \\\"Special Recommendation\\\" for the use of color film. The Trail of the Lonesome Pine (1936 film) The Trail of the Lonesome Pine is a 1936 American romance film based on the novel of the same name. Directed by Henry Hathaway, it stars\\n\\nWhat famous comic strip character was inspired by the 1936 Henry Fonda film Trail of the Lonesome Pine?\",\n \"compressed_tokens\": 513,\n \"origin_tokens\": 15725,\n \"ratio\": \"30.7x\",\n \"saving\": \", Saving $0.9 in GPT-4.\"\n}"}}},{"rowIdx":285,"cells":{"id":{"kind":"number","value":285,"string":"285"},"question":{"kind":"string","value":"What was the original name of the orphan created in 1924 by cartoonist Harold Gray in the comic strip we know as Little Orphan Annie?"},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["Otto","Oddo"],"string":"[\n \"Otto\",\n \"Oddo\"\n]","isConversational":false},"target":{"kind":"string","value":"Otto"},"ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"id":"1393841","text":"Little Orphan Annie Little Orphan Annie is a daily American comic strip created by Harold Gray and syndicated by the Tribune Media Services. The strip took its name from the 1885 poem \"Little Orphant Annie\" by James Whitcomb Riley, and made its debut on August 5, 1924, in the New York \"Daily News\". The plot follows the wide-ranging adventures of Annie, her dog Sandy and her benefactor Oliver \"Daddy\" Warbucks. Secondary characters include Punjab, the Asp and Mr. Am. The strip attracted adult readers with political commentary that targeted (among other things) organized labor, the New Deal and communism. Following","title":"Little Orphan Annie"},{"id":"4246378","text":"\"Chicago Tribune\" and stayed until 1919 when he left to freelance in commercial art. In 1923, while residing in Lombard, Illinois, he became a Freemason. From 1921 to 1924, he did the lettering for Sidney Smith's \"The Gumps\". After he came up with a strip idea in 1924 for \"Little Orphan Otto\", the title was altered by \"Chicago Tribune\" editor Joseph Medill Patterson to \"Little Orphan Annie\", launched August 5, 1924. Gray's first wife, Doris C. Platt, died in late 1925. He married Winifred Frost in 1929, and the couple moved to Greens Farms, Connecticut, spending winters in La Jolla,","title":"Harold Gray"},{"id":"1393897","text":"from the Chicago Tribune-New York Times Syndicate, Inc. for the dates 1943, 1959–61 and 1965–68, as well as originals and photocopies of the printed versions of \"Little Orphan Annie\", both daily and Sunday strips. Considering both Cupples & Leon and Pacific Comics Club, the biggest gap is in 1928. Little Orphan Annie Little Orphan Annie is a daily American comic strip created by Harold Gray and syndicated by the Tribune Media Services. The strip took its name from the 1885 poem \"Little Orphant Annie\" by James Whitcomb Riley, and made its debut on August 5, 1924, in the New York","title":"Little Orphan Annie"},{"id":"4246376","text":"Harold Gray Harold Lincoln Gray (January 20, 1894 – May 9, 1968) was an American cartoonist, best known as the creator of the newspaper comic strip \"Little Orphan Annie\". He is considered to be the first American cartoonist to use a comic strip to express a political philosophy. Harold Gray was born in Kankakee, Illinois on January 20, 1894, to Estella Mary () and Ira Lincoln Gray, a farmer. Both parents died before he finished high school in 1912 in West Lafayette, Indiana, where the family had moved. In 1913, he got his first newspaper job at a Lafayette daily.","title":"Harold Gray"},{"id":"70124","text":"a one-time publicity stunt, for one artist to take over a feature from its originator is an old tradition in newspaper cartooning (as it is in the comic book industry). In fact, the practice has made possible the longevity of the genre's more popular strips. Examples include \"Little Orphan Annie\" (drawn and plotted by Harold Gray from 1924 to 1944 and thereafter by a succession of artists including Leonard Starr and Andrew Pepoy), and \"Terry and The Pirates\", started by Milton Caniff in 1934 and picked up by George Wunder. A business-driven variation has sometimes led to the same feature","title":"Comic strip"},{"id":"1393854","text":"this little kid and liked her right away,\" Gray said, \"She had common sense, knew how to take care of herself. She had to. Her name was Annie. At the time some 40 strips were using boys as the main characters; only three were using girls. I chose Annie for mine, and made her an orphan, so she'd have no family, no tangling alliances, but freedom to go where she pleased.\" By changing the gender of his lead character, Gray differentiated himself in the field of comics (and likely increased his readership by appealing to female readers). In designing the","title":"Little Orphan Annie"},{"id":"1393853","text":"but \"Little Orphan Annie\" was finally accepted and debuted in a test run on August 5, 1924, in the New York \"Daily News\", a \"Tribune\" owned tabloid. Reader response was positive, and \"Annie\" began appearing as a Sunday strip in the \"Tribune\" on November 2 and as a daily strip on November 10. It was soon offered for syndication and picked up by the \"Toronto Star\" and \"The Atlanta Constitution\". Gray reported in 1952 that Annie's origin lay in a chance meeting he had with a ragamuffin while wandering the streets of Chicago looking for cartooning ideas. \"I talked to","title":"Little Orphan Annie"},{"id":"1393849","text":"and vacant circles for eyes. Her catchphrases are \"Gee whiskers\" and \"Leapin' lizards!\" Annie attributes her lasting youthfulness to her birthday on February 29 in a leap year, and ages only one year in appearance for every four years that pass. Annie is a plucky, generous, compassionate, and optimistic youngster who can hold her own against bullies, and has a strong and intuitive sense of right and wrong. Sandy enters the story in a January 1925 strip as a puppy of no particular breed which Annie rescues from a gang of abusive boys. The girl is working as a drudge","title":"Little Orphan Annie"},{"id":"5483580","text":"Story\". Harvey Kurtzman had both Annies in mind when he created his satirical \"Little Annie Fanny\" for \"Playboy\", though the ribald parody owed far more to the original Harold Gray strip. James Joyce referred to \"Little Annie Rooney\" early in the first chapter of \"Finnegans Wake\": \"Arrah, sure, we all love little Anny Ruiny, or, we mean to say, lovelittle Anna Rayiny, when unda her brella, mid piddle med puddle, she ninnygoes nannygoes nancing by.\" Prior to the creation of the identically titled comic strip, Mary Pickford starred as a girl of the slums in William Beaudine's 1925 silent comedy-drama","title":"Little Annie Rooney"},{"id":"1393896","text":"(empty or \"ground glass\") nuclei are a characteristic histological finding in papillary carcinoma of the thyroid gland. Harold Gray's work is in the Howard Gotlieb Archival Research Center at Boston University. The Gray collection includes artwork, printed material, correspondence, manuscripts and photographs. Gray's original pen and ink drawings for \"Little Orphan Annie\" daily strips date from 1924 to 1968. The Sunday strips date from 1924 to 1964. Printed material in the collection includes numerous proofs of \"Little Orphan Annie\" daily and Sunday strips (1925–68). Most of these are in bound volumes. There are proofsheets of \"Little Orphan Annie\" daily strips","title":"Little Orphan Annie"},{"id":"1049229","text":"1920. In 2008, the city of Lombard, Illinois declared April 6 to be \"Ellen Martin Day\" in commemoration of Ms. Martin's historic victory for women's suffrage. William LeRoy built a home in the Italianate style on Lombard's Main Street in 1881. LeRoy specialized in making artificial limbs for civil war veterans and lived in this house until 1900. The house would eventually become the home of Harold Gray's parents and the studio of Harold Gray, the originator of Little Orphan Annie cartoon strip. Harold Gray used the home's study to work on the Annie cartoons, and some features of the","title":"Lombard, Illinois"},{"id":"16883649","text":"a female version of Goodman Beaver for \"Playboy\" magazine called \"Little Annie Fanny\" (1962–88). Goodman Beaver is a naïve and optimistic character, oblivious to the degeneration around him. According to Kurtzman, the character was partially inspired by Voltaire's \"Candide\" and Harold Gray's comic strip character Little Orphan Annie, who, like Goodman, was drawn with blank circles for eyes. Art critic Greil Marcus compares Goodman to Young Goodman Brown in Nathaniel Hawthorne's tale of the same name—both are pure-souled characters who become disillusioned by the depravity they confront in the world. Kurtzman wrote five Goodman Beaver stories for his long-time collaborator","title":"Goodman Beaver"},{"id":"10931513","text":"Annie (1999 film) Annie is a 1999 American made-for-television musical-comedy-drama film from \"The Wonderful World of Disney\", adapted from the 1977 Broadway musical of the same name by Charles Strouse, Martin Charnin, and Thomas Meehan, which in turn is based on the 1924 \"Little Orphan Annie\" comic strip by Harold Gray. The musical was previously adapted into a 1982 theatrical film. It was directed by Rob Marshall, written by Irene Mecchi, and produced by Walt Disney Television, Columbia TriStar Television, Storyline Entertainment, and Chris Montan Productions. \"Annie\" marks the first film collaboration between The Walt Disney Company and Columbia Pictures","title":"Annie (1999 film)"},{"id":"4246385","text":"correspondence, manuscripts and photographs. The collection contains a scrapbook, a short story by Gray titled \"Annie\", letters, postcards and telegrams from 1937 to 1967, including correspondence with \"Collier's\", Purdue University, Al Capp and Mort Walker. Gray's appointment books with comic strip dialogue and plots are dated 1929, 1931, 1933–1935, 1937, 1944, 1946, 1949, 1950–59 and 1961. Photographs show Gray drawing and Gray as a U.S. Army officer Harold Gray Harold Lincoln Gray (January 20, 1894 – May 9, 1968) was an American cartoonist, best known as the creator of the newspaper comic strip \"Little Orphan Annie\". He is considered to","title":"Harold Gray"},{"id":"5182586","text":"outlineless look. Kurtzman's suggestions for the feature's name included \"The Perils of Zelda\", \"The Perils of Irma\", and \"Little Mary Mixup\"; he settled on \"Little Annie Fanny\", its title and logo a parody of Harold Gray's \"Little Orphan Annie\". The cartoonist began submitting story ideas for the multi-page comic strip to Hefner for approval. Over the twenty-six years he wrote the character, he was allowed (with \"Playboy\" substantial budget) to travel for research, photography, and sketching. He followed this with a preliminary script for Hefner, who revised it. Kurtzman then worked out the story's composition, pacing, and action in thumbnail","title":"Little Annie Fanny"},{"id":"14406957","text":"Little Joe (comic strip) Little Joe was a Western comic strip, created in the early 1930s by Ed Leffingwell and later continued by his brother, Robert Leffingwell. Distributed by the Chicago Tribune Syndicate, this Sunday strip had a long run spanning four decades. It was never a daily strip. Ed Leffingwell's cousin was Harold Gray, and he began in comics as Gray's assistant on \"Little Orphan Annie\", which explains why the artwork on \"Little Joe\" curiously resembled \"Little Orphan Annie\". \"Little Joe\" began October 1, 1933, but Ed Leffingwell worked on the strip for only three years. When he died","title":"Little Joe (comic strip)"},{"id":"1393850","text":"in Mrs. Bottle's grocery store at the time and manages to keep the puppy briefly concealed. She finally gives him to Paddy Lynch, a gentle man who owns a \"steak joint\" and can give Sandy a good home. Sandy is a mature dog when he suddenly reappears in a May 1925 strip to rescue Annie from gypsy kidnappers. Annie and Sandy remain together thereafter. Oliver \"Daddy\" Warbucks first appears in a September 1924 strip and reveals a month later he was formerly a small machine shop owner who acquired his enormous wealth producing munitions during World War I. He is","title":"Little Orphan Annie"},{"id":"1393852","text":"mysterious Mister Am, a friend of Warbucks' who wears a Santa Claus–like beard and has a jovial personality. He claims to have lived for millions of years and even having supernatural powers. Some strips hinted that he might even be God. After World War I, cartoonist Harold Gray joined the \"Chicago Tribune\" which, at that time, was being reworked by owner Joseph Medill Patterson into an important national journal. As part of his plan, Patterson wanted to publish comic strips that would lend themselves to nationwide syndication and to film and radio adaptations. Gray's strips were consistently rejected by Patterson,","title":"Little Orphan Annie"},{"id":"1393855","text":"strip, Gray was influenced by his midwestern farm boyhood, Victorian poetry and novels such as Charles Dickens's \"Great Expectations\", Sidney Smith's wildly popular comic strip \"The Gumps\", and the histrionics of the silent films and melodramas of the period. Initially, there was no continuity between the dailies and the Sunday strips, but by the early 1930s the two had become one. The strip (whose title was borrowed from James Whitcomb Riley's 1885 poem \"Little Orphant Annie\") was \"conservative and topical\", according to the editors of \"The Great Depression in America: A Cultural Encyclopedia\", and \"represents the personal vision\" of Gray","title":"Little Orphan Annie"},{"id":"1393865","text":"groups. Twenty thousand Junior Commandos were reportedly registered in Boston. Gray was praised far and wide for his war effort brainchild. \"Editor & Publisher\" wrote, Harold Gray, \"Little Orphan Annie\" creator, has done one of the biggest jobs to date for the scrap drive. His 'Junior Commando' project, which he inaugurated some months ago, has caught on all around the country, and tons of scrap have been collected and contributed to the campaign. The kids sell the scrap, and the proceeds are turned into stamps and bonds. Not all was rosy for Gray however. He applied for extra gas coupons,","title":"Little Orphan Annie"},{"id":"7291702","text":"King Uncle King Uncle is a 1993 Indian Hindi-language comedy-drama film directed by Rakesh Roshan. The film stars Jackie Shroff and Anu Agarwal in the lead roles. Shah Rukh Khan, Nagma, Paresh Rawal, Sushmita Mukherjee, Pooja Ruparel, Deven Verma and Saleem Yousuf Hakroo from Kashmir star in supporting roles. The film was inspired from the 1982 English film \"Annie\" that starred Aileen Marie Quinn and Albert Finney, which in turn is based upon the 1924 comic strip \"Little Orphan Annie\" by Harold Gray. Ashok Bansal (Jackie Shroff) is a strict industrialist, inspired by the British 'stiff upper lip'. Ashok starts","title":"King Uncle"},{"id":"15538233","text":"as Frank King and Harold Gray. While they act like human characters, they are drawn in an bald, alien-like style, with exaggerated cartoon features and blank circles for eyes that are reminiscent of Gray's \"Little Orphan Annie\" comic strip. For a few years, Drawn and Quarterly publisher and editor-in-chief Chris Oliveros had tried to convince Brown to change the title of \"Yummy Fur\" in the hopes of achieving higher sales. Brown announced in Yummy Fur #32 that he would change the title and start a new series, as the title no longer suited the contents, and he was about to","title":"Underwater (comics)"},{"id":"10766773","text":"Annie (1982 film) Annie is a 1982 American musical comedy-drama film based on the Broadway musical of the same name by Charles Strouse, Martin Charnin and Thomas Meehan which in turn is based on the \"Little Orphan Annie\" comic strip by Harold Gray. Directed by John Huston and written by Carol Sobieski, the film stars Albert Finney, Carol Burnett, Ann Reinking, Tim Curry, Bernadette Peters, Geoffrey Holder, Edward Herrmann and Aileen Quinn as the title character. Set during the Great Depression in 1933, the film tells the story of Annie, an orphan from New York City who is taken in","title":"Annie (1982 film)"},{"id":"4246384","text":"people. Gray sometimes ghosted \"Little Joe\" (1933–72), the strip by his assistant (and cousin) Ed Leffingwell which was continued by Ed's brother Robert. \"Maw Green\", a spin-off of \"Annie\" was published as a topper to \"Little Orphan Annie\". It mixed vaudeville timing with the same deeply conservative attitudes as \"Annie\". Films, radio and merchandising made Gray a multi-millionaire. He died of cancer at the Scripps Memorial Hospital in La Jolla on May 9, 1968, at the age of 74. Harold Gray's work is in the Special Collections Department at the Boston University Library. The Gray collection includes artwork, printed material,","title":"Harold Gray"},{"id":"4246365","text":"died in 1968. Retitled \"Annie\", Starr's incarnation of the strip received the National Cartoonists Society's Story Comic Strip Award in 1983 and 1984. Starr continued it successfully until his retirement in 2000. Beginning in 2006, Starr produced new artwork for the covers to the ongoing series of \"On Stage\" reprint volumes published by Classic Comics Press. He died June 30, 2015. Leonard Starr Leonard Starr (October 28, 1925 – June 30, 2015) was an American cartoonist, comic book artist, and advertising artist, best known for creating the newspaper comic strip \"On Stage\" and reviving \"Little Orphan Annie\". Born October 28,","title":"Leonard Starr"},{"id":"15045177","text":"the juried exhibition were submitted from across the United States. The selections featured 253 works of art from 132 artists. Hoosier Group artist T. C. Steele and his wife, Selma, attended the opening of the Salon's first exhibition, which was well received by art critics and the public. Among the first exhibition's favorites was a set of three \"Little Orphan Annie\" cartoons from their creator, Harold Gray, a 1917 graduate of Purdue University. Hoosier artists whose work also appeared at the first Salon included all four Hoosier Group members who were still living (T.C. Steele, William Forsyth, Otto Stark, and","title":"Hoosier Salon"},{"id":"2266684","text":"Annie (musical) Annie is a Broadway musical based upon the popular Harold Gray comic strip \"Little Orphan Annie\", with music by Charles Strouse, lyrics by Martin Charnin, and book by Thomas Meehan. The original Broadway production opened in 1977 and ran for nearly six years, setting a record for the Alvin Theatre (now the Neil Simon Theatre). It spawned numerous productions in many countries, as well as national tours, and won the Tony Award for Best Musical. The musical's songs \"Tomorrow\" and \"It's the Hard Knock Life\" are among its most popular musical numbers. In 1933, eleven-year-old Annie is in","title":"Annie (musical)"},{"id":"4246364","text":"he noted, \"Started writing television scripts in the early 1970s, and in 1984 I was asked to develop and write the bible for the animated television show \"ThunderCats\", and also act as the story editor and head writer. Moved to Westport, Connecticut in 1970 where I still live today.\" Starr eventually wrote 23 episodes for \"ThunderCats\". He also worked on the Rankin Bass series \"Ghost Warrior\" (1985). In 1979 he revived the comic strip \"Little Orphan Annie\". The strip had been in reprints since 1974 after a string of unsuccessful artists had succeeded the famous creator Harold Gray, who had","title":"Leonard Starr"},{"id":"14267372","text":"several classic characters from the company's century-old history. They gained exclusive rights to Bernard Lipfert's 1928 Patsy doll, Patsyette. Effanbee also had the rights to reproduce fashion dolls licensed by Tribune Media like the \"Brenda Starr, Girl Reporter\" series, and the comic strip, \"Little Orphan Annie\". For the first few years after the buyout the Effanbee remained an independent subsidiary of Tonner Doll, however today the two have become a conglomerate run under a singular management. The Effanbee doll lines, while are designed, produced, marketed, and distributed by Tonner Doll, retain the Effanbee name. Tonner Doll Company Tonner Doll Company,","title":"Tonner Doll Company"},{"id":"6619086","text":"Mudge\" to be Annie's parents, which Roosevelt gives without reservation. Daddy Warbucks Lieutenant General Sir Oliver \"Daddy\" Warbucks is a fictional character from the comic strip \"Little Orphan Annie\". He made his first appearance in the Daily News in the \"Annie\" strip on September 27, 1924. In the series he is said to be around 52 years of age. Warbucks was born about 1894, near the small town of Supine. (In Thomas Meehan's 1980 novelisation of his 1977 musical, he was born and brought up in Hell's Kitchen New York and is 52 years old as of 1933, thus giving","title":"Daddy Warbucks"},{"id":"5483583","text":"California: Comics Access, 1995. Little Annie Rooney Little Annie Rooney is a comic strip about a young orphaned girl who traveled about with her dog, Zero. King Features Syndicate launched the strip on January 10, 1927, not long after it was apparent that the Chicago Tribune Syndicate had scored a huge hit with \"Little Orphan Annie\". The name comes from the 1889 popular song of the same name, still familiar to many at the time. Although the King Features strip was an obvious knock-off with several similar parallels, the approach was quite different, and \"Little Annie Rooney\" had a successful","title":"Little Annie Rooney"},{"id":"1393871","text":"run over by a car. Gray responded to the criticism by giving Annie a year-long bout with amnesia that allowed her to trip through several adventures without Daddy. In 1956, a sequence about juvenile delinquency, drug addiction, switchblades, prostitutes, crooked cops, and the ties between teens and adult gangsters unleashed a firestorm of criticism from unions, the clergy and intellectuals with 30 newspapers cancelling the strip. The syndicate ordered Gray to drop the sequence and develop another adventure. Gray died in May 1968 of cancer, and the strip was continued under other cartoonists. Gray's cousin and assistant Robert Leffingwell was","title":"Little Orphan Annie"},{"id":"10488503","text":"Little Orphan Airedale Little Orphan Airedale is a Warner Bros. \"Looney Tunes\" cartoon directed by Charles M. Jones and released on October 4, 1947. It was later reissued as a Blue Ribbon Merrie Melodies short. Its major significance is its status as the debut of Jones's character Charlie Dog. The title is a play on \"Little Orphan Annie\". The cartoon's story (which is essentially a re-working of Bob Clampett's 1941 short \"Porky's Pooch\") is about a dog named Rags McMutt, who has just escaped from the dog pound and accidentally meets Charlie, an old friend of his, in a car","title":"Little Orphan Airedale"},{"id":"4806349","text":"dialogue varies according to speech patterns, and sound effects vary according to how close they are to the reader. Brown's drawing style had always changed from project to project. He frequently cited Harold Gray of \"Little Orphan Annie\" as the primary influence on the drawing style of \"Louis Riel\"—restrained artwork which avoids extreme closeups, and blank-eyed characters with large bodies, small heads, and oversized noses. Gray's drawing and compositional style was well suited to the subject of \"Louis Riel\". Gray often used his strip as a public platform for politics, and \"Louis Riel\" was also very public and outward-looking. This","title":"Louis Riel (comics)"},{"id":"1393857","text":"was reviled by some for preaching in the strip to the poor about hard work, initiative, and motivation while living well on his income. In 1935 Punjab, a gigantic, sword-wielding, beturbaned Indian, was introduced to the strip and became one of its iconic characters. Whereas Annie's adventures up to the point of Punjab's appearance were realistic and believable, her adventures following his introduction touched upon the supernatural, the cosmic, and the fantastic. In November 1932 Franklin Delano Roosevelt was elected President and proposed his New Deal. Many, including Gray, saw this and other programs as government interference in private enterprise.","title":"Little Orphan Annie"},{"id":"2232935","text":"knowledge of his medium's history. Chief among his early influences were Harvey Kurtzman, Will Eisner, and Bernard Krigstein's \"Master Race\". Though he acknowledged Eisner's early work as an influence, he denied that Eisner's first graphic novel, \"A Contract with God\" (1978), had any impact on \"Maus\". He cited Harold Gray's comic strip \"Little Orphan Annie\" as having \"influenced \"Maus\" fairly directly\", and praised Gray's work for using a cartoon-based storytelling vocabulary, rather than an illustration-based one. Justin Green's \"Binky Brown Meets the Holy Virgin Mary\" (1972) inspired Spiegelman to include autobiographical elements in his comics. Spiegelman stated, \"without \"Binky Brown\",","title":"Maus"},{"id":"5483577","text":"Little Annie Rooney Little Annie Rooney is a comic strip about a young orphaned girl who traveled about with her dog, Zero. King Features Syndicate launched the strip on January 10, 1927, not long after it was apparent that the Chicago Tribune Syndicate had scored a huge hit with \"Little Orphan Annie\". The name comes from the 1889 popular song of the same name, still familiar to many at the time. Although the King Features strip was an obvious knock-off with several similar parallels, the approach was quite different, and \"Little Annie Rooney\" had a successful run from January 10,","title":"Little Annie Rooney"},{"id":"18257151","text":"Little Orphan Annie (1932 film) Little Orphan Annie is a 1932 American Pre-Code comedy film directed by John S. Robertson and written by Wanda Tuchock and Tom McNamara. It is based on the comic strip \"Little Orphan Annie\" by Harold Gray. The film stars Mitzi Green, Buster Phelps, May Robson, Matt Moore and Edgar Kennedy. The film was released on November 4, 1932, by RKO Pictures. Oliver \"Daddy\" Warbucks is going away to find gold. He must leave Annie and Sandy and promises that when he gets back they'll be rich. On the way home, Sandy finds a little boy","title":"Little Orphan Annie (1932 film)"},{"id":"15996911","text":"as a Billy Bunterish comedy figure, complete with straw boater, Fatty Finn evolved . . . into a knockabout schoolboy innocently living out his days in a never-never urban world'. On August 1924 the title of the strip was changed to \"Fatty Finn\", heralding a change in the strip's direction and the role of the main character. \"Fatty Finn\" came to be recognised as one of the best-drawn comics in Australia and vied with \"Ginger Meggs\" in popularity. In 1927 a film called \"The Kid Stakes\" was produced by Tal Ordell, featuring Fatty Finn and his goat, Hector. The film","title":"Syd Nicholls"},{"id":"1393889","text":"worked on the strip over the years. In \"The Penguin Book of Comics\" Belinda is described as \"a perpetual waif, a British counterpart to the transatlantic \"Little Orphan Annie\".\" The strip also influenced \"Little Annie Rooney\" (Jan. 10, 1927-1966) and \"Frankie Doodle\" (1934-1938). In 1995, \"Little Orphan Annie\" was one of 20 American comic strips included in the Comic Strip Classics series of commemorative U.S. postage stamps. \"Little Orphan Annie\" lent itself easily to parody, which was taken up by both Walt Kelly in \"Pogo\" (as \"Little Arf 'n Nonnie\" and later \"Lulu Arfin' Nanny\") and by Al Capp in","title":"Little Orphan Annie"},{"id":"12472150","text":"\"When We Were Very Young\" (6 November 1924). Winnie-the-Pooh first appeared by name on 24 December 1925, in a Christmas story commissioned and published by the London newspaper \"The Evening News\". It was illustrated by J. H. Dowd. The first collection of Pooh stories appeared in the book \"Winnie-the-Pooh\". The \"Evening News\" Christmas story reappeared as the first chapter of the book. At the beginning, it explained that Pooh was in fact Christopher Robin's Edward Bear, who had been renamed by the boy. He was renamed after a black bear at London Zoo called Winnie who got her name from","title":"Winnie-the-Pooh"},{"id":"1393859","text":"described \"Annie\" as \"Hooverism in the Funnies\", arguing that Gray's strip was defending utility company bosses then being investigated by the government. The \"Herald Dispatch\" of Huntington, West Virginia stopped running \"Little Orphan Annie\", printing a front page editorial rebuking Gray's politics. A subsequent \"New Republic\" editorial praised the paper's move, and \"The Nation\" likewise voiced its support. In the late 1920s, the strip had taken on a more adult and adventurous feel with Annie encountering killers, gangsters, spies, and saboteurs. It was about this time that Gray, whose politics seem to have been broadly conservative and libertarian with a","title":"Little Orphan Annie"},{"id":"1393873","text":"of spunk. Early in 1974, David Lettick took the strip, but his Annie was drawn in an entirely different and more \"cartoonish\" style, leading to reader complaints, and he left after only three months. In April 1974, the decision was made to reprint Gray's classic strips, beginning in 1936. Subscriptions increased. Following the success of the Broadway musical \"Annie\", the strip was resurrected in 1979 as \"Annie\", written and drawn by Leonard Starr. Starr, the creator of \"Mary Perkins, On Stage\", was the only one besides Gray to achieve notable success with the strip. Upon Starr's retirement in 2000, he","title":"Little Orphan Annie"},{"id":"1393842","text":"Gray's death in 1968, several artists drew the strip and, for a time, \"classic\" strips were reruns. \"Little Orphan Annie\" inspired a radio show in 1930, film adaptations by RKO in 1932 and Paramount in 1938 and a Broadway musical \"Annie\" in 1977 (which was adapted into a film of the same name three times, one in 1982, one in 1999 and another in 2014). The strip's popularity declined over the years; it was running in only 20 newspapers when it was cancelled on June 13, 2010. The characters now appear occasionally as supporting ones in \"Dick Tracy\". \"Little Orphan","title":"Little Orphan Annie"},{"id":"11081872","text":"Little Orphant Annie \"Little Orphant Annie\" is an 1885 poem written by James Whitcomb Riley and published by the Bowen-Merrill Company. First titled \"The Elf Child\", the name was changed by Riley to \"Little Orphant Allie\" at its third printing; however, a typecasting error during printing renamed the poem to its current form. Known as the \"Hoosier poet\", Riley wrote the rhymes in nineteenth-century Hoosier dialect. As one of his most well known poems, it served as the inspiration for the character Little Orphan Annie upon whom was based a comic strip, plays, radio programs, television shows, and movies. The","title":"Little Orphant Annie"},{"id":"6619078","text":"Daddy Warbucks Lieutenant General Sir Oliver \"Daddy\" Warbucks is a fictional character from the comic strip \"Little Orphan Annie\". He made his first appearance in the Daily News in the \"Annie\" strip on September 27, 1924. In the series he is said to be around 52 years of age. Warbucks was born about 1894, near the small town of Supine. (In Thomas Meehan's 1980 novelisation of his 1977 musical, he was born and brought up in Hell's Kitchen New York and is 52 years old as of 1933, thus giving him a birthdate of 1881. In the 1982 film, he","title":"Daddy Warbucks"},{"id":"3664075","text":"with \"Louis Riel\" (2003), a historical-biographical graphic novel about rebel Métis leader Louis Riel. \"Paying for It\" (2011) drew controversy as a polemic in support of decriminalizing prostitution, a theme he explored further with \"Mary Wept Over the Feet of Jesus\" (2016), a book of adaptations of stories from the Bible that Brown believes promote pro-prostitution attitudes among early Christians. Brown draws from a range of influences, including monster and superhero comic books, underground comix, and comic strips such as Harold Gray's \"Little Orphan Annie\". His later works employ a sparse drawing style and flat dialogue. Rather than the traditional","title":"Chester Brown"},{"id":"875986","text":"Winsor McCay Zenas Winsor McCay ( – 1934) was an American cartoonist and animator. He is best known for the comic strip \"Little Nemo\" (1905–14; 1924–26) and the animated film \"Gertie the Dinosaur\" (1914). For contractual reasons, he worked under the pen name Silas on the comic strip \"Dream of the Rarebit Fiend\". From a young age, McCay was a quick, prolific, and technically dextrous artist. He started his professional career making posters and performing for dime museums, and in 1898 began illustrating newspapers and magazines. In 1903 he joined the \"New York Herald\", where he created popular comic strips","title":"Winsor McCay"},{"id":"5182590","text":"work. \"Little Annie Fanny\", first comic strip, was the first multi-page comics feature in a major American magazine. Annie Fanny is the feature's lead character. Like other young women in \"Playboy\" pictorials, Annie is beautiful, buxom, and often unclothed. She is sexually innocent, oblivious to the worldliness around her. Like her forebear Goodman Beaver, Annie was conceived as a modern Candide, above the story's corruptions and temptations. Unlike Goodman, however, Annie is never shocked or offended; she remains blithe. The authors of \"Icons of the American Comic Book\" say Annie \"glides through a changing world with an untiring optimism\" with","title":"Little Annie Fanny"},{"id":"18257152","text":"named Mickey crying behind a fence. Mickey is upset because his grandmother died and he is being forced to go to an orphanage. Little Orphan Annie (1932 film) Little Orphan Annie is a 1932 American Pre-Code comedy film directed by John S. Robertson and written by Wanda Tuchock and Tom McNamara. It is based on the comic strip \"Little Orphan Annie\" by Harold Gray. The film stars Mitzi Green, Buster Phelps, May Robson, Matt Moore and Edgar Kennedy. The film was released on November 4, 1932, by RKO Pictures. Oliver \"Daddy\" Warbucks is going away to find gold. He must","title":"Little Orphan Annie (1932 film)"},{"id":"8327993","text":"Winnie-the-Pooh, first named \"Mr. Edward Bear\" by Christopher Robin Milne. In one of the illustrations of \"Teddy Bear\", Winnie-the-Pooh is shown wearing a shirt which was later coloured red when reproduced on a recording produced by Stephen Slesinger. This has become his standard appearance in the Disney adaptations. When We Were Very Young When We Were Very Young is a best-selling book of poetry by A. A. Milne. It was first published in 1924, and was illustrated by E. H. Shepard. Several of the verses were set to music by Harold Fraser-Simson. The book begins with an introduction entitled \"Just","title":"When We Were Very Young"},{"id":"7929037","text":"pulp science fiction, religious literature and television clichés. Harold Gray's comic strip \"Little Orphan Annie\" had an effect on Brown after he discovered some \"Annie\" reprint books in the early 1980s. This was to be a primary influence on later work of Brown's such as \"Louis Riel\". The story began in July 1983 in the second issue of Brown's original \"Yummy Fur\" minicomic, the seven issues of which were reprinted in 1986–87 in the first three issues of the Vortex Comics-published \"Yummy Fur\". \"Ed\" ran in the first eighteen issues of \"Yummy Fur\", along other features, such as Brown's Gospel","title":"Ed the Happy Clown"},{"id":"14413993","text":"with characters and situations based upon hundreds of newspaper-published comic strips dating back to the inception of the form (the installment published October 16, 2012 featured \"The Yellow Kid\", a character/cartoon first appearing in 1895). Characters from \"Calvin and Hobbes\", \"Little Orphan Annie\", \"Crock\", \"Dilbert\", \"Popeye\", \"B.C.\", \"Beetle Bailey\", \"The Boondocks\", \"The Wizard of Id\" and \"Broom-Hilda\" are among those prominently featured. Weapon Brown is set in a post apocalyptic world, and the story itself centers around the eponymous character Weapon Brown, who is on a mission to rescue the woman he loves from a former acquaintance: Linus Van Pelt,","title":"Weapon Brown"},{"id":"1393867","text":"Gray showed no remorse, but did discontinue the sequence. Gray was criticized by a Southern newspaper for including a black youngster among the white children in the Junior Commandos. Gray made it clear he was not a reformer, did not believe in breaking down the color line, and was no relation to Eleanor Roosevelt, an ardent supporter of civil rights. He pointed out that Annie was a friend to all, and that most cities in the North had \"large dark towns\". The inclusion of a black character in the Junior Commandos, he explained, was \"merely a casual gesture toward a","title":"Little Orphan Annie"},{"id":"1393843","text":"Annie\" displays literary kinship with the picaresque novel in its seemingly endless string of episodic and unrelated adventures in the life of a character who wanders like an innocent vagabond through a corrupt world. In Annie's first year, the picaresque pattern that characterizes her story is set, with the major players – Annie, Sandy and \"Daddy\" Warbucks – introduced within the strip's first several weeks. The story opens in a dreary and Dickensian orphanage where Annie is routinely abused by the cold and sarcastic matron Miss Asthma (who eventually is replaced by the equally mean Miss Treat [whose name is","title":"Little Orphan Annie"},{"id":"4246379","text":"California. By the 1930s, \"Little Orphan Annie\" had evolved from a crudely drawn melodrama to a crisply rendered atmospheric story with novelistic plot threads. The dialogue consisted mainly of meditations on Gray's own deeply conservative political philosophy. Gray made no secret of his dislike for the New Deal ways of President Franklin Roosevelt and would often decry unions and other things he saw as impediments to the hard-working American way of life. Critic Jeet Heer, who did his thesis on Gray and wrote introductions to IDW's \"Little Orphan Annie\" collections, commented: Gray wasn't really a conservative in the 1920s: he","title":"Harold Gray"},{"id":"3288240","text":"(short for Minerva); their sons Sam and baby James; wealthy Uncle Bim; and their annoying maid Mary. They had a cat named Hope and a dog named Buck. The idea was envisioned by Joseph Patterson, editor and publisher of the \"Chicago Tribune\", who was important in the early histories of \"Little Orphan Annie\" and other long-run comic strips. Patterson referred to the masses as \"gumps\" and thought a strip about the domestic lives of ordinary people and their ordinary activities would appeal to the average American newspaper reader. He hired Smith to write and draw the strip, and it was","title":"The Gumps"},{"id":"2387176","text":"Horton Hears a Who! Horton Hears a Who! is a children's book written and illustrated by Theodor Seuss Geisel under the pen name Dr. Seuss and was published in 1954 by Random House. It is the second Dr. Seuss book to feature Horton the Elephant, the first being \"Horton Hatches the Egg\". The Whos would later reappear in \"How the Grinch Stole Christmas!\". Miranda Richardson read the book as part of her second audio collection of Dr. Seuss books. The other three books she narrated were \"Oh, the Places You'll Go!\", \"Mr. Brown Can Moo! Can You?\", and \"Happy Birthday","title":"Horton Hears a Who!"},{"id":"1393874","text":"was succeeded by \"Daily News\" writer Jay Maeder and artist Andrew Pepoy, beginning Monday, June 5, 2000. Pepoy was eventually succeeded by Alan Kupperberg (2001–2004) and Ted Slampyak (2004–2010). The new creators updated the strip's settings and characters for a modern audience, giving Annie a new hairdo and jeans rather than her trademark dress. However, Maeder's new stories never managed to live up to the pathos and emotional engagement of the stories by Gray and Starr. Annie herself was often reduced to a supporting role and was a far less complex character than the girl readers had known for seven","title":"Little Orphan Annie"},{"id":"1393848","text":"place in Europe were reflected in the strips during the 1940s and World War II. Daddy Warbucks was reunited with Annie, as his death was changed to coma, from which he woke in 1945. By this time, the series enlarged its world with the addition of characters such as Asp and Punjab, bodyguards and servants to Annie and Daddy Warbucks. In world-trotting adventures, the characters traveled around the world, with Annie having adventures on her own or with her adopted family. Annie is a 10-year-old orphan. Her distinguishing physical characteristics are a mop of red, curly hair, a red dress","title":"Little Orphan Annie"},{"id":"1393851","text":"a large, powerfully-built bald man, the idealized capitalist, who typically wears a tuxedo and diamond stickpin in his shirtfront. He likes Annie at once, instructing her to call him \"Daddy\", but his wife (a plumber's daughter) is a snobbish, gossiping \"nouveau riche\" who derides her husband's affection for Annie. When Warbucks is suddenly called to Siberia on business, his wife spitefully sends Annie back to the orphanage. Other major characters include Warbucks' right-hand men, Punjab, an eight-foot native of India, introduced in 1935, and the Asp, an inscrutably generalized East Asian, who first appeared in 1937. There is also the","title":"Little Orphan Annie"},{"id":"1393856","text":"and Riley's \"homespun philosophy of hard work, respect for elders, and a cheerful outlook on life\". A \"Fortune\" popularity poll in 1937 indicated \"Little Orphan Annie\" ranked number one and ahead of \"Popeye\", \"Dick Tracy\", \"Bringing Up Father\", \"The Gumps\", \"Blondie\", \"Moon Mullins\", \"Joe Palooka\", \"Li'l Abner\" and \"Tillie the Toiler\". Gray was little affected by the stock market crash of 1929. The strip was more popular than ever and brought him a good income, which was only enhanced when the strip became the basis for a radio program in 1930 and two films in 1932 and 1938. Predictably, Gray","title":"Little Orphan Annie"},{"id":"10766796","text":"was planning to produce \"Annie\", a remake of The 1982 film. On May 25, 2012 it was announced that Jay-Z was writing new songs for the film. In January 2013, Sony Pictures selected Will Gluck to direct the film. Oscar nominee, Quvenzhané Wallis was cast as the title character. The film was released on December 19, 2014. Annie (1982 film) Annie is a 1982 American musical comedy-drama film based on the Broadway musical of the same name by Charles Strouse, Martin Charnin and Thomas Meehan which in turn is based on the \"Little Orphan Annie\" comic strip by Harold Gray.","title":"Annie (1982 film)"},{"id":"11081884","text":"while jumping rope in the movie \"Texas Killing Fields\" ( 2011) Texts Little Orphant Annie \"Little Orphant Annie\" is an 1885 poem written by James Whitcomb Riley and published by the Bowen-Merrill Company. First titled \"The Elf Child\", the name was changed by Riley to \"Little Orphant Allie\" at its third printing; however, a typecasting error during printing renamed the poem to its current form. Known as the \"Hoosier poet\", Riley wrote the rhymes in nineteenth-century Hoosier dialect. As one of his most well known poems, it served as the inspiration for the character Little Orphan Annie upon whom was","title":"Little Orphant Annie"},{"id":"10766775","text":"adaptation on December 19, 2014. In 1933 during the Great Depression, a young orphan named Annie is living in the Hudson Street Orphanage in New York City which is run by Miss Hannigan, a cruel alcoholic who forces the orphans to clean the building daily. With half of a locket as her only possession, she remains optimistic that her parents, who left her on the doorstep as a baby will return for her. Annie sneaks out with help from a laundry man named Mr. Bundles and adopts a stray dog which she names Sandy. Annie is returned to the orphanage","title":"Annie (1982 film)"},{"id":"19110902","text":"on Harold Gray's eponymous and equally popular comic strip series \"Little Orphan Annie\". The show debuted on WGN/Chicago in 1930, but only became a national hit when it moved to NBC radio's Blue Network in 1931. It was broadcast in the late afternoon and ran for twelve successful years. In 1931, when the show debuted, radio had yet to establish coast-to-coast networks so two separate casts performed—one in San Francisco starring Floy Margaret Hughes and the other in Chicago starring Shirley Bell as Annie, Stanley Andrews as \"Daddy\", and Allan Baruck (and later Mel Tormé) as Joe Corntassel. When coast","title":"Little Orphan Annie (radio)"},{"id":"9977510","text":"Paul Kirchner Paul Kirchner (born January 29, 1952) is an American writer and illustrator who has worked in diverse areas, from comic strips and toy design to advertising and editorial art. Paul Kirchner was born in New Haven, Connecticut. He attended Cooper Union School of Art but left in his third year, when, with the help of Larry Hama and Neal Adams, he began to get work in the comic book industry. He penciled stories for DC’s horror line and assisted on \"Little Orphan Annie\" for Tex Blaisdell, who took over the strip after the death of Harold Gray. In","title":"Paul Kirchner"},{"id":"241321","text":"the strip's copyright, but McCay won a lawsuit that allowed him to continue using the characters. In the \"American\", the strip ran under the title \"In the Land of Wonderful Dreams\". The \"Herald\" was unsuccessful in finding another cartoonist to continue the original strip. McCay left Hearst in May 1924 and returned to the \"Herald Tribune\". He began \"Little Nemo in Slumberland\" afresh that August 3. The new strip displayed the virtuoso technique of the old, but the panels were laid out in an unvarying grid. Nemo took a more passive role in the stories, and there was no continuity.","title":"Little Nemo"},{"id":"1393870","text":"work never hurt any kid,\" Gray affirmed, \"One of the reasons we have so much juvenile delinquency is that kids are forced by law to loaf around on street corners and get into trouble.\" His belief brought upon him the wrath of the labor movement, which staunchly supported the child labor laws. A London newspaper columnist thought some of Gray's sequences a threat to world peace, but a Detroit newspaper supported Gray on his \"shoot first, ask questions later\" foreign policy. Gray was criticized for the gruesome violence in the strips, particularly a sequence in which Annie and Sandy were","title":"Little Orphan Annie"},{"id":"1986296","text":"0.01 Gy), which remains common largely in the United States, though \"strongly discouraged\" in the style guide for U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology authors. The gray was named after British physicist Louis Harold Gray, a pioneer in the measurement of X-ray and radium radiation and their effects on living tissue. It was adopted as part of the International System of Units in 1975. One \"gray\" is the absorption of one joule of energy, in the form of ionizing radiation, per kilogram of matter. The CIPM states: \"In order to avoid any risk of confusion between the absorbed dose","title":"Gray (unit)"},{"id":"18259937","text":"Little Orphan Annie (1938 film) Little Orphan Annie is a 1938 American comedy film directed by Ben Holmes and written by Budd Schulberg and Samuel Ornitz. It is based on the comic strip \"Little Orphan Annie\" by Harold Gray. The film stars Ann Gillis, Robert Kent, June Travis, J. Farrell MacDonald and J.M. Kerrigan. The film was released on December 2, 1938, by Paramount Pictures. Annie (Ann Gillis), an orphan, (based on Harold Gray's comic strip but who is at no point in the film called 'Little Orphan Annie), is befriended by a fight manager, 'Pop' Corrigan (J. Farrell MacDonald).","title":"Little Orphan Annie (1938 film)"},{"id":"4246382","text":"spirit, and also his fear of those he thought were undermining society by their laziness and meanness. You get a very strong sense of the man in his work, which is one reason it's one of the major comic strips ... Sidney Smith (creator of \"The Gumps\") was a giant of his day whose place in history has largely been forgotten. Throughout the 1920s and later, \"The Gumps\" was one of the top strips in America, loved by millions. What set \"The Gumps\" apart from earlier strips was that, although it had a comic element, Smith also often embraced wholehearted","title":"Harold Gray"},{"id":"13875728","text":"popular as well. Listening to radio broadcasting became a source of nearly free entertainment for millions of Americans. The radio stations had a little bit of everything for all ages, young and old. One of the most common radio shows for young children was \"Little Orphan Annie\". The show is about an adventurous young girl who had an equally adventurous dog named Sandy. Together, Annie and Sandy would try to solve mysteries. The show was so loved by children that they soon began to purchase small items of merchandise such as pins of Annie. Later, an actual film was released","title":"Entertainment during the Great Depression"},{"id":"1393890","text":"\"Li'l Abner\", where Punjab became Punjbag, an oleaginous slob. Harvey Kurtzman and Wally Wood satirized the strip in \"Mad\" #9 as \"Little Orphan Melvin\", and later Kurtzman produced a long-running series for \"Playboy\", \"Little Annie Fanny\", in which the lead character is a busty, voluptuous waif who continually loses her clothes and falls into strange sexual situations. In \"The Fabulous Furry Freak Brothers\", Gilbert Shelton satirized the strip as \"Little Orphan Amphetamine\", who is a 1960s teenager who runs away from home, and after being scarred by a series of sexual experiences, returns only to tell \"Daddy\" that he is","title":"Little Orphan Annie"},{"id":"11352451","text":"name \"Herbert S. Fine\", combining the first name of a cousin with his mother's maiden name. The term \"Superman\" derives from a common English translation of the term \"Übermensch\", which originated with Friedrich Nietzsche's statement, \"\"Ich lehre euch den Übermenschen\"\" (\"I will teach you all the Superman\"), in his 1883 work \"Thus Spoke Zarathustra\". The term \"Superman\" was popularized by George Bernard Shaw with his 1903 play \"Man and Superman\". The character Jane Porter refers to Tarzan as a \"superman\" in the 1912 pulp novel \"Tarzan of the Apes\" by Edgar Rice Burroughs, and Siegel would later name Tarzan as","title":"The Reign of the Superman"},{"id":"12206071","text":"Brian White (cartoonist) Brian \"H.B.\" White (born 1902; died 1984) was a British cartoonist, creating 'The Nipper' for the Daily Mail between 1933 and 1947. Both \"Keyhole Kate\" and \"Double Trouble\" ran in London's Evening Standard. Early in his career he forged links with Sid Griffiths, who had developed Jerry the Tyke and brought in White who had been one of the team of animators on the 1924 film of George E. Studdy's character Bonzo the dog. They latterly formed the company \"Griffiths and White\" in 1929, working from an office in the Charing Cross Road, London, initially producing animated","title":"Brian White (cartoonist)"},{"id":"12206075","text":"Brian White (cartoonist) Brian \"H.B.\" White (born 1902; died 1984) was a British cartoonist, creating 'The Nipper' for the Daily Mail between 1933 and 1947. Both \"Keyhole Kate\" and \"Double Trouble\" ran in London's Evening Standard. Early in his career he forged links with Sid Griffiths, who had developed Jerry the Tyke and brought in White who had been one of the team of animators on the 1924 film of George E. Studdy's character Bonzo the dog. They latterly formed the company \"Griffiths and White\" in 1929, working from an office in the Charing Cross Road, London, initially producing animated","title":"Brian White (cartoonist)"},{"id":"7316667","text":"\"\"A Man Called Horace\"\" which was featured daily in the \"Daily Mirror\" and \"Daily Record\" until August 1, 2015. This strip was commissioned in 1989 by Mirror Group Newspapers in an attempt to lure the \"Beau Peep\" fan base from the \"Daily Star\". Roger Kettle also scripts \"Andy Capp\" for the \"Daily Mirror\". The strip is drawn by Roger Mahoney. \"Beau Peep\" was originally intended as a parody of \"Beau Geste\", a 1924 adventure novel by British author P. C. Wren, which has itself been adapted for the screen several times, and again parodied even more. However \"Beau Peep\" grew","title":"Beau Peep"},{"id":"902197","text":"Hal Foster Harold Rudolf Foster (August 16, 1892 – July 25, 1982), better known as Hal Foster, was a Canadian-American comic strip artist and writer best known as the creator of the comic strip \"Prince Valiant\". His drawing style is noted for its high level of draftsmanship and attention to detail. Born in Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, Foster rode his bike to the United States in 1919 and began to study in Chicago, eventually living in America. In 1928, he began one of the earliest adventure comic strips, an adaptation of Edgar Rice Burroughs's \"Tarzan\". In 1937, he created his","title":"Hal Foster"},{"id":"8031846","text":"Harold Warp Harold Warp (December 21, 1903 – April 8, 1994) was an American businessman who invented Flex-O-Glass. He also founded Pioneer Village in Minden, Nebraska. Harold Warp was born in a sod house on a farm near Minden, Nebraska. He was the youngest of twelve children born to an immigrant family from Norway. When he was three years old, his father died and his mother died when he was eleven. In 1924, he and two of his brothers moved to Chicago with a patent for a plastic window material he had developed. Their business became successful and in time","title":"Harold Warp"},{"id":"1393883","text":"Annie doesn't become a star. As Bruce Smith remarks in \"The History of Little Orphan Annie\", \"Gray was smart enough never to let [Annie] get too successful.\" In 1977, \"Little Orphan Annie\" was adapted to the Broadway stage as \"Annie\". With music by Charles Strouse, lyrics by Martin Charnin and book by Thomas Meehan, the original production ran from April 21, 1977 to January 2, 1983. The work has been staged internationally. The musical took considerable liberties with the original comic strip plot. The Broadway Annies were Andrea McArdle, Shelly Bruce, Sarah Jessica Parker, Allison Smith and Alyson Kirk. Actresses","title":"Little Orphan Annie"},{"id":"9251004","text":"Lee Marrs Lee Marrs (born September 5, 1945) is an American cartoonist and animator, and one of the first female underground comix creators. She is best known for her comic book series \"The Further Fattening Adventures of Pudge, Girl Blimp\", which lasted from 1973 to 1977. Lee Marrs attended American University and graduated in 1967 with a degree in Fine Arts. During her time at American University, Marrs was introduced to comic strip artist Tex Blaisell by his daughter, whom she went to school with. Marrs then began assisting Blaisell, working on comics such as \"Little Orphan Annie\", \"Prince Valiant\",","title":"Lee Marrs"},{"id":"6812854","text":"Winnipeg (bear) Winnipeg, or Winnie, (1914 – 12 May 1934) was the name given to a female black bear that lived at London Zoo from 1915 until her death in 1934. Rescued by cavalry veterinarian Harry Colebourn, Winnie is best-remembered for inspiring A. A. Milne's character, Winnie-the-Pooh. Upon the outbreak of World War I in August 1914, Lt. Harry Colebourn of The Fort Garry Horse, a Canadian cavalry regiment, volunteered his service. On 24 August, while en route to Valcartier to report to the Canadian Army Veterinary Corps (CAVC) as part of the Canadian Expeditionary Force, he purchased a young","title":"Winnipeg (bear)"},{"id":"15617965","text":"Santiago was influenced by Harold \"Hal\" Rudolf Foster, a comic book artist from the United States who illustrated the \"Tarzan\" (1929) and \"Prince Valiant\" characters. Foster was the creator of \"Prince Valiant\". Because he idolized Foster, Santiago exchanged letters with Foster in 1958 in order to learn the ropes of comic book illustration. Santiago changed his given name and adopted the name \"Hal\" after the name Foster used in the comic book industry. In 1980, Santiago received the Best Illustrator Award from WIKA, an association of Philippine comics distributors. In 1984, WIKA awarded Santiago the Best Written and Illustrated Novel","title":"Hal Santiago"},{"id":"1393844","text":"a play on the word mistreat]). One day, the wealthy but mean-spirited Mrs. Warbucks takes Annie into her home \"on trial.\" She makes it clear that she does not like Annie and tries to send her back to \"the Home\", but one of her society friends catches her in the act, and immediately, to her disgust, she changes her mind. Her husband Oliver, who returned from a business trip, instantly develops a paternal affection for Annie and instructs her to address him as \"Daddy.\" Originally, the Warbucks had a dog named One-Lung, who liked Annie. Their household staff also takes","title":"Little Orphan Annie"},{"id":"15045197","text":"member of New Mexico's \"Taos Ten\", and Gustave Baumann, who worked in Brown County, Indiana, for seven years before moving to Santa Fe, New Mexico, in 1918, were Salon exhibitors. Fairmount, Indiana, native Olive Rush, whose art studio was in Santa Fe, was a Salon prizewinner. In the past, Hoosier cartoonists have been well represented at the Salons. In addition to comic-strip illustrator Harold Gray's \"Little Orphan Annie\", cartoonists who competed for the Salon's prizes and recognition were Frank McKinney \"Kin\" Hubbard's nationally syndicated \"Abe Martin\" cartoons; Gaar Williams, who created \"Among the Folks in History\"; Fontaine Fox, creator of","title":"Hoosier Salon"},{"id":"1393858","text":"Gray railed against Roosevelt and his programs. (Gray even killed Daddy Warbucks off in 1945, believing that Warbucks could not coexist in the world with FDR. But following FDR's death, Gary resurrected Warbucks, who said to Annie, \"Somehow I feel that the climate here has changed since I went away.\") Annie's life was complicated not only by thugs and gangsters but also by New Deal do-gooders and bureaucrats. Organized labor was feared by businessmen and Gray took their side. Some writers and editors took issue with this strip's criticisms of FDR's New Deal and 1930s labor unionism. \"The New Republic\"","title":"Little Orphan Annie"},{"id":"19795924","text":"the style of the original drawings by E. H. Shepard. The story was originally available as an audio-video download narrated by the actor Jim Broadbent. Broadbent said \"I have been a fan of Winnie-the-Pooh since I was a boy. In fact I named my very first and much loved teddy Pooh and that can only have been after the A. A. Milne character\". The print version followed in November 2016. A. A. Milne dedicated a 1926 book of songs featuring Pooh, “Teddy Bear and Other Songs\", to the newborn then-Princess Elizabeth. As a little girl, Princess Elizabeth was also presented","title":"Winnie-the-Pooh Meets the Queen"},{"id":"4760034","text":"Henley, who had a wooden leg, was Robert Louis Stevenson's model for Long John Silver. Henley was also a friend of J. M. Barrie, the author of \"Peter Pan\". Henley used to address Barrie as \"friend\", which Henley's only daughter, Margaret (1888–1894), who is also buried there along with her parents, mispronounced as \"fwend\" and changed in a childish way to \"fwendy-wendy\". The latter part of this familiar name gave the name of \"Wendy Darling\" which later became the Wendy of \"Peter Pan\". Henley is now chiefly remembered as the author of the poem \"Invictus\". Cockayne Hatley Cockayne Hatley is","title":"Cockayne Hatley"},{"id":"4189278","text":"for the Raggedy Ann name, which he created by combining words from two of James Whitcomb Riley poems, \"The Raggedy Man\" and \"Little Orphant Annie.\" (Riley was a well-known Hoosier poet and a Gruelle family friend and neighbor from the years when they resided in Indianapolis.) The U.S. Patent Office registered Gruelle's trademark application (107328) for the Raggedy Ann name on November 23, 1915. \"Raggedy Ann Stories\" (1918), written and illustrated by Johnny Gruelle and published by the P. F. Volland Company, was the first in a series of books about his cloth doll character and her friends. The book's","title":"Raggedy Ann"},{"id":"1393860","text":"decided populist streak, introduced some of his more controversial storylines. He would look into the darker aspects of human nature, such as greed and treachery. The gap between rich and poor was an important theme. His hostility toward labor unions was dramatized in the 1935 story \"Eonite\". Other targets were the New Deal, communism, and corrupt businessmen. Gray was especially critical of the justice system, which he saw as not doing enough to deal with criminals. Thus, some of his storylines featured people taking the law into their own hands. This happened as early as 1927 in an adventure named","title":"Little Orphan Annie"},{"id":"7959699","text":"carried no particular name or imprint. The examples listed below are just a few of the many alternative versions of Superman depicted in these stories. Outside comics published by DC Comics, the notoriety of the Superman or \"Übermensch\" archetype makes the character a popular figure to be represented with an analogue in entirely unrelated continuities. Alternative versions of Superman The character of Superman, also known as Kal-El from Krypton, who adopts the identity of Clark Kent when not fulfilling his superhero role, was created by Jerry Siegel and Joe Shuster, and has been continually published in a variety of DC","title":"Alternative versions of Superman"},{"id":"9456587","text":"British athletes. They were made famous by 100m Olympic champion Harold Abrahams (who would be immortalized in the Oscar winning film \"Chariots of Fire\") in the 1924 Summer Olympics held in Paris. In 1958, in Bolton, two of the founder's grandsons, Joe and Jeff Foster, formed a companion company \"Reebok,\" having found the name in a South African dictionary won in a running race by Joe Foster as a boy. The name is Afrikaans for the grey rhebok, a type of African antelope. In 1979, at the Chicago International Sneaker Trade show an American businessman, Paul Fireman, took notice of","title":"Reebok"},{"id":"8327992","text":"When We Were Very Young When We Were Very Young is a best-selling book of poetry by A. A. Milne. It was first published in 1924, and was illustrated by E. H. Shepard. Several of the verses were set to music by Harold Fraser-Simson. The book begins with an introduction entitled \"Just Before We Begin\", which, in part, tells readers to imagine for themselves who the narrator is, and that it might be Christopher Robin. The 38th poem in the book, \"Teddy Bear\", that originally appeared in \"Punch\" magazine in February 1924, was the first appearance of the famous character","title":"When We Were Very Young"},{"id":"11081878","text":"change its title to \"Little Orphant Allie\" in an 1889 printing. The printing house incorrectly cast the typeset during the printing, unintentionally renaming the poem to \"Little Orphant Annie\". Riley at first contacted the printing house to have the error corrected, but decided to keep the misprint because of the poem's growing popularity. When reprinted in \"The Orphant Annie Book\" in 1908, the poem was given an additional, introductory verse (\"Little Orphant Annie she knows riddles, rhymes and things! ...\"). During the 1910s and 1920s, the title became the inspiration for the names of Little Orphan Annie and the Raggedy","title":"Little Orphant Annie"},{"id":"990285","text":"became public in 2000. The Seinfelds have one daughter and two sons. Their daughter Sascha was born on November 7, 2000; their first son Julian Kal was born on March 1, 2003; and their second son Shepherd Kellen was born on August 22, 2005—all in New York City. Julian's middle name, Kal, relates to the first name of Seinfeld's father, Kalman, and that of Seinfeld's hero Superman, aka Kal-El. Among Seinfeld's best friends are fellow comedians George Wallace, Larry Miller, and Mario Joyner. In 2000, Jessica Seinfeld launched Baby Buggy, a charity that provides clothing and gear for underprivileged women","title":"Jerry Seinfeld"},{"id":"4806325","text":"drawing style inspired by that of Harold Gray's comic strip \"Little Orphan Annie\". Unusual for comics of the time, it includes a full scholarly apparatus: a foreword, index, bibliography, and end notes. The lengthy, hand-lettered appendix provides insight into Brown's creative process and biases and highlights where he changed historical facts to create a more engaging story, such as incorporating a conspiracy theory not widely accepted by historians. Brown became interested in the issue of property rights while researching the book, which led to a public change in his politics from anarchism to libertarianism. Although Brown intended it to be","title":"Louis Riel (comics)"},{"id":"1393888","text":"Deal for Christmas\", and a reprise of \"Tomorrow.\" Generally favorably received, the production earned two Emmy Awards and George Foster Peabody Award. The 2014 film \"Annie\" was produced by Jay-Z and Will Smith. It starred Quvenzhané Wallis in the title role and Jamie Foxx in the role of Will Stacks (an update of Daddy Warbucks). It was released on December 19, 2014. Between 1936 and October 17, 1959, the comic strip \"Belinda Blue-Eyes\" (later shortened to \"Belinda\") ran in the United Kingdom in the \"Daily Mirror\". Writers Bill Connor and Don Freeman and artists Stephen Dowling and Tony Royle all","title":"Little Orphan Annie"},{"id":"96522","text":"(though it is debated by comic fans if Superman is a Methodist). Most continuities state that the Kents never had biological children of their own and were usually depicted as middle-aged or elderly when they found Clark. In the Golden and Silver Age versions of his origin, after the Kents retrieved Clark from his rocket, they brought him to the Smallville Orphanage and returned a few days later to formally adopt the orphan, giving him as a first name Martha's maiden name, \"Clark\". In John Byrne's 1986 origin version \"The Man of Steel,\" instead of adopting him through an orphanage,","title":"Clark Kent"},{"id":"6987277","text":"Peter Pan (1924 film) Peter Pan is a 1924 American silent adventure film released by Paramount Pictures, the first film adaptation of the play by J. M. Barrie. It was directed by Herbert Brenon and starred Betty Bronson as Peter Pan, Ernest Torrence as Captain Hook, Mary Brian as Wendy, and Virginia Browne Faire as Tinker Bell. Anna May Wong, a groundbreaking Chinese-American actress, played the Indian princess Tiger Lily. In the story, Peter Pan, a magical boy who refuses to grow up, brings the Darling children (Wendy, John, and Michael) from London to Neverland, where they have adventures that","title":"Peter Pan (1924 film)"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"id\": \"1393841\",\n \"text\": \"Little Orphan Annie Little Orphan Annie is a daily American comic strip created by Harold Gray and syndicated by the Tribune Media Services. The strip took its name from the 1885 poem \\\"Little Orphant Annie\\\" by James Whitcomb Riley, and made its debut on August 5, 1924, in the New York \\\"Daily News\\\". The plot follows the wide-ranging adventures of Annie, her dog Sandy and her benefactor Oliver \\\"Daddy\\\" Warbucks. Secondary characters include Punjab, the Asp and Mr. Am. The strip attracted adult readers with political commentary that targeted (among other things) organized labor, the New Deal and communism. Following\",\n \"title\": \"Little Orphan Annie\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4246378\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Chicago Tribune\\\" and stayed until 1919 when he left to freelance in commercial art. In 1923, while residing in Lombard, Illinois, he became a Freemason. From 1921 to 1924, he did the lettering for Sidney Smith's \\\"The Gumps\\\". After he came up with a strip idea in 1924 for \\\"Little Orphan Otto\\\", the title was altered by \\\"Chicago Tribune\\\" editor Joseph Medill Patterson to \\\"Little Orphan Annie\\\", launched August 5, 1924. Gray's first wife, Doris C. Platt, died in late 1925. He married Winifred Frost in 1929, and the couple moved to Greens Farms, Connecticut, spending winters in La Jolla,\",\n \"title\": \"Harold Gray\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1393897\",\n \"text\": \"from the Chicago Tribune-New York Times Syndicate, Inc. for the dates 1943, 1959–61 and 1965–68, as well as originals and photocopies of the printed versions of \\\"Little Orphan Annie\\\", both daily and Sunday strips. Considering both Cupples & Leon and Pacific Comics Club, the biggest gap is in 1928. Little Orphan Annie Little Orphan Annie is a daily American comic strip created by Harold Gray and syndicated by the Tribune Media Services. The strip took its name from the 1885 poem \\\"Little Orphant Annie\\\" by James Whitcomb Riley, and made its debut on August 5, 1924, in the New York\",\n \"title\": \"Little Orphan Annie\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4246376\",\n \"text\": \"Harold Gray Harold Lincoln Gray (January 20, 1894 – May 9, 1968) was an American cartoonist, best known as the creator of the newspaper comic strip \\\"Little Orphan Annie\\\". He is considered to be the first American cartoonist to use a comic strip to express a political philosophy. Harold Gray was born in Kankakee, Illinois on January 20, 1894, to Estella Mary () and Ira Lincoln Gray, a farmer. Both parents died before he finished high school in 1912 in West Lafayette, Indiana, where the family had moved. In 1913, he got his first newspaper job at a Lafayette daily.\",\n \"title\": \"Harold Gray\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"70124\",\n \"text\": \"a one-time publicity stunt, for one artist to take over a feature from its originator is an old tradition in newspaper cartooning (as it is in the comic book industry). In fact, the practice has made possible the longevity of the genre's more popular strips. Examples include \\\"Little Orphan Annie\\\" (drawn and plotted by Harold Gray from 1924 to 1944 and thereafter by a succession of artists including Leonard Starr and Andrew Pepoy), and \\\"Terry and The Pirates\\\", started by Milton Caniff in 1934 and picked up by George Wunder. A business-driven variation has sometimes led to the same feature\",\n \"title\": \"Comic strip\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1393854\",\n \"text\": \"this little kid and liked her right away,\\\" Gray said, \\\"She had common sense, knew how to take care of herself. She had to. Her name was Annie. At the time some 40 strips were using boys as the main characters; only three were using girls. I chose Annie for mine, and made her an orphan, so she'd have no family, no tangling alliances, but freedom to go where she pleased.\\\" By changing the gender of his lead character, Gray differentiated himself in the field of comics (and likely increased his readership by appealing to female readers). In designing the\",\n \"title\": \"Little Orphan Annie\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1393853\",\n \"text\": \"but \\\"Little Orphan Annie\\\" was finally accepted and debuted in a test run on August 5, 1924, in the New York \\\"Daily News\\\", a \\\"Tribune\\\" owned tabloid. Reader response was positive, and \\\"Annie\\\" began appearing as a Sunday strip in the \\\"Tribune\\\" on November 2 and as a daily strip on November 10. It was soon offered for syndication and picked up by the \\\"Toronto Star\\\" and \\\"The Atlanta Constitution\\\". Gray reported in 1952 that Annie's origin lay in a chance meeting he had with a ragamuffin while wandering the streets of Chicago looking for cartooning ideas. \\\"I talked to\",\n \"title\": \"Little Orphan Annie\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1393849\",\n \"text\": \"and vacant circles for eyes. Her catchphrases are \\\"Gee whiskers\\\" and \\\"Leapin' lizards!\\\" Annie attributes her lasting youthfulness to her birthday on February 29 in a leap year, and ages only one year in appearance for every four years that pass. Annie is a plucky, generous, compassionate, and optimistic youngster who can hold her own against bullies, and has a strong and intuitive sense of right and wrong. Sandy enters the story in a January 1925 strip as a puppy of no particular breed which Annie rescues from a gang of abusive boys. The girl is working as a drudge\",\n \"title\": \"Little Orphan Annie\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5483580\",\n \"text\": \"Story\\\". Harvey Kurtzman had both Annies in mind when he created his satirical \\\"Little Annie Fanny\\\" for \\\"Playboy\\\", though the ribald parody owed far more to the original Harold Gray strip. James Joyce referred to \\\"Little Annie Rooney\\\" early in the first chapter of \\\"Finnegans Wake\\\": \\\"Arrah, sure, we all love little Anny Ruiny, or, we mean to say, lovelittle Anna Rayiny, when unda her brella, mid piddle med puddle, she ninnygoes nannygoes nancing by.\\\" Prior to the creation of the identically titled comic strip, Mary Pickford starred as a girl of the slums in William Beaudine's 1925 silent comedy-drama\",\n \"title\": \"Little Annie Rooney\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1393896\",\n \"text\": \"(empty or \\\"ground glass\\\") nuclei are a characteristic histological finding in papillary carcinoma of the thyroid gland. Harold Gray's work is in the Howard Gotlieb Archival Research Center at Boston University. The Gray collection includes artwork, printed material, correspondence, manuscripts and photographs. Gray's original pen and ink drawings for \\\"Little Orphan Annie\\\" daily strips date from 1924 to 1968. The Sunday strips date from 1924 to 1964. Printed material in the collection includes numerous proofs of \\\"Little Orphan Annie\\\" daily and Sunday strips (1925–68). Most of these are in bound volumes. There are proofsheets of \\\"Little Orphan Annie\\\" daily strips\",\n \"title\": \"Little Orphan Annie\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1049229\",\n \"text\": \"1920. In 2008, the city of Lombard, Illinois declared April 6 to be \\\"Ellen Martin Day\\\" in commemoration of Ms. Martin's historic victory for women's suffrage. William LeRoy built a home in the Italianate style on Lombard's Main Street in 1881. LeRoy specialized in making artificial limbs for civil war veterans and lived in this house until 1900. The house would eventually become the home of Harold Gray's parents and the studio of Harold Gray, the originator of Little Orphan Annie cartoon strip. Harold Gray used the home's study to work on the Annie cartoons, and some features of the\",\n \"title\": \"Lombard, Illinois\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16883649\",\n \"text\": \"a female version of Goodman Beaver for \\\"Playboy\\\" magazine called \\\"Little Annie Fanny\\\" (1962–88). Goodman Beaver is a naïve and optimistic character, oblivious to the degeneration around him. According to Kurtzman, the character was partially inspired by Voltaire's \\\"Candide\\\" and Harold Gray's comic strip character Little Orphan Annie, who, like Goodman, was drawn with blank circles for eyes. Art critic Greil Marcus compares Goodman to Young Goodman Brown in Nathaniel Hawthorne's tale of the same name—both are pure-souled characters who become disillusioned by the depravity they confront in the world. Kurtzman wrote five Goodman Beaver stories for his long-time collaborator\",\n \"title\": \"Goodman Beaver\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10931513\",\n \"text\": \"Annie (1999 film) Annie is a 1999 American made-for-television musical-comedy-drama film from \\\"The Wonderful World of Disney\\\", adapted from the 1977 Broadway musical of the same name by Charles Strouse, Martin Charnin, and Thomas Meehan, which in turn is based on the 1924 \\\"Little Orphan Annie\\\" comic strip by Harold Gray. The musical was previously adapted into a 1982 theatrical film. It was directed by Rob Marshall, written by Irene Mecchi, and produced by Walt Disney Television, Columbia TriStar Television, Storyline Entertainment, and Chris Montan Productions. \\\"Annie\\\" marks the first film collaboration between The Walt Disney Company and Columbia Pictures\",\n \"title\": \"Annie (1999 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4246385\",\n \"text\": \"correspondence, manuscripts and photographs. The collection contains a scrapbook, a short story by Gray titled \\\"Annie\\\", letters, postcards and telegrams from 1937 to 1967, including correspondence with \\\"Collier's\\\", Purdue University, Al Capp and Mort Walker. Gray's appointment books with comic strip dialogue and plots are dated 1929, 1931, 1933–1935, 1937, 1944, 1946, 1949, 1950–59 and 1961. Photographs show Gray drawing and Gray as a U.S. Army officer Harold Gray Harold Lincoln Gray (January 20, 1894 – May 9, 1968) was an American cartoonist, best known as the creator of the newspaper comic strip \\\"Little Orphan Annie\\\". He is considered to\",\n \"title\": \"Harold Gray\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5182586\",\n \"text\": \"outlineless look. Kurtzman's suggestions for the feature's name included \\\"The Perils of Zelda\\\", \\\"The Perils of Irma\\\", and \\\"Little Mary Mixup\\\"; he settled on \\\"Little Annie Fanny\\\", its title and logo a parody of Harold Gray's \\\"Little Orphan Annie\\\". The cartoonist began submitting story ideas for the multi-page comic strip to Hefner for approval. Over the twenty-six years he wrote the character, he was allowed (with \\\"Playboy\\\" substantial budget) to travel for research, photography, and sketching. He followed this with a preliminary script for Hefner, who revised it. Kurtzman then worked out the story's composition, pacing, and action in thumbnail\",\n \"title\": \"Little Annie Fanny\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14406957\",\n \"text\": \"Little Joe (comic strip) Little Joe was a Western comic strip, created in the early 1930s by Ed Leffingwell and later continued by his brother, Robert Leffingwell. Distributed by the Chicago Tribune Syndicate, this Sunday strip had a long run spanning four decades. It was never a daily strip. Ed Leffingwell's cousin was Harold Gray, and he began in comics as Gray's assistant on \\\"Little Orphan Annie\\\", which explains why the artwork on \\\"Little Joe\\\" curiously resembled \\\"Little Orphan Annie\\\". \\\"Little Joe\\\" began October 1, 1933, but Ed Leffingwell worked on the strip for only three years. When he died\",\n \"title\": \"Little Joe (comic strip)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1393850\",\n \"text\": \"in Mrs. Bottle's grocery store at the time and manages to keep the puppy briefly concealed. She finally gives him to Paddy Lynch, a gentle man who owns a \\\"steak joint\\\" and can give Sandy a good home. Sandy is a mature dog when he suddenly reappears in a May 1925 strip to rescue Annie from gypsy kidnappers. Annie and Sandy remain together thereafter. Oliver \\\"Daddy\\\" Warbucks first appears in a September 1924 strip and reveals a month later he was formerly a small machine shop owner who acquired his enormous wealth producing munitions during World War I. He is\",\n \"title\": \"Little Orphan Annie\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1393852\",\n \"text\": \"mysterious Mister Am, a friend of Warbucks' who wears a Santa Claus–like beard and has a jovial personality. He claims to have lived for millions of years and even having supernatural powers. Some strips hinted that he might even be God. After World War I, cartoonist Harold Gray joined the \\\"Chicago Tribune\\\" which, at that time, was being reworked by owner Joseph Medill Patterson into an important national journal. As part of his plan, Patterson wanted to publish comic strips that would lend themselves to nationwide syndication and to film and radio adaptations. Gray's strips were consistently rejected by Patterson,\",\n \"title\": \"Little Orphan Annie\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1393855\",\n \"text\": \"strip, Gray was influenced by his midwestern farm boyhood, Victorian poetry and novels such as Charles Dickens's \\\"Great Expectations\\\", Sidney Smith's wildly popular comic strip \\\"The Gumps\\\", and the histrionics of the silent films and melodramas of the period. Initially, there was no continuity between the dailies and the Sunday strips, but by the early 1930s the two had become one. The strip (whose title was borrowed from James Whitcomb Riley's 1885 poem \\\"Little Orphant Annie\\\") was \\\"conservative and topical\\\", according to the editors of \\\"The Great Depression in America: A Cultural Encyclopedia\\\", and \\\"represents the personal vision\\\" of Gray\",\n \"title\": \"Little Orphan Annie\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1393865\",\n \"text\": \"groups. Twenty thousand Junior Commandos were reportedly registered in Boston. Gray was praised far and wide for his war effort brainchild. \\\"Editor & Publisher\\\" wrote, Harold Gray, \\\"Little Orphan Annie\\\" creator, has done one of the biggest jobs to date for the scrap drive. His 'Junior Commando' project, which he inaugurated some months ago, has caught on all around the country, and tons of scrap have been collected and contributed to the campaign. The kids sell the scrap, and the proceeds are turned into stamps and bonds. Not all was rosy for Gray however. He applied for extra gas coupons,\",\n \"title\": \"Little Orphan Annie\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7291702\",\n \"text\": \"King Uncle King Uncle is a 1993 Indian Hindi-language comedy-drama film directed by Rakesh Roshan. The film stars Jackie Shroff and Anu Agarwal in the lead roles. Shah Rukh Khan, Nagma, Paresh Rawal, Sushmita Mukherjee, Pooja Ruparel, Deven Verma and Saleem Yousuf Hakroo from Kashmir star in supporting roles. The film was inspired from the 1982 English film \\\"Annie\\\" that starred Aileen Marie Quinn and Albert Finney, which in turn is based upon the 1924 comic strip \\\"Little Orphan Annie\\\" by Harold Gray. Ashok Bansal (Jackie Shroff) is a strict industrialist, inspired by the British 'stiff upper lip'. Ashok starts\",\n \"title\": \"King Uncle\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15538233\",\n \"text\": \"as Frank King and Harold Gray. While they act like human characters, they are drawn in an bald, alien-like style, with exaggerated cartoon features and blank circles for eyes that are reminiscent of Gray's \\\"Little Orphan Annie\\\" comic strip. For a few years, Drawn and Quarterly publisher and editor-in-chief Chris Oliveros had tried to convince Brown to change the title of \\\"Yummy Fur\\\" in the hopes of achieving higher sales. Brown announced in Yummy Fur #32 that he would change the title and start a new series, as the title no longer suited the contents, and he was about to\",\n \"title\": \"Underwater (comics)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10766773\",\n \"text\": \"Annie (1982 film) Annie is a 1982 American musical comedy-drama film based on the Broadway musical of the same name by Charles Strouse, Martin Charnin and Thomas Meehan which in turn is based on the \\\"Little Orphan Annie\\\" comic strip by Harold Gray. Directed by John Huston and written by Carol Sobieski, the film stars Albert Finney, Carol Burnett, Ann Reinking, Tim Curry, Bernadette Peters, Geoffrey Holder, Edward Herrmann and Aileen Quinn as the title character. Set during the Great Depression in 1933, the film tells the story of Annie, an orphan from New York City who is taken in\",\n \"title\": \"Annie (1982 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4246384\",\n \"text\": \"people. Gray sometimes ghosted \\\"Little Joe\\\" (1933–72), the strip by his assistant (and cousin) Ed Leffingwell which was continued by Ed's brother Robert. \\\"Maw Green\\\", a spin-off of \\\"Annie\\\" was published as a topper to \\\"Little Orphan Annie\\\". It mixed vaudeville timing with the same deeply conservative attitudes as \\\"Annie\\\". Films, radio and merchandising made Gray a multi-millionaire. He died of cancer at the Scripps Memorial Hospital in La Jolla on May 9, 1968, at the age of 74. Harold Gray's work is in the Special Collections Department at the Boston University Library. The Gray collection includes artwork, printed material,\",\n \"title\": \"Harold Gray\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4246365\",\n \"text\": \"died in 1968. Retitled \\\"Annie\\\", Starr's incarnation of the strip received the National Cartoonists Society's Story Comic Strip Award in 1983 and 1984. Starr continued it successfully until his retirement in 2000. Beginning in 2006, Starr produced new artwork for the covers to the ongoing series of \\\"On Stage\\\" reprint volumes published by Classic Comics Press. He died June 30, 2015. Leonard Starr Leonard Starr (October 28, 1925 – June 30, 2015) was an American cartoonist, comic book artist, and advertising artist, best known for creating the newspaper comic strip \\\"On Stage\\\" and reviving \\\"Little Orphan Annie\\\". Born October 28,\",\n \"title\": \"Leonard Starr\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15045177\",\n \"text\": \"the juried exhibition were submitted from across the United States. The selections featured 253 works of art from 132 artists. Hoosier Group artist T. C. Steele and his wife, Selma, attended the opening of the Salon's first exhibition, which was well received by art critics and the public. Among the first exhibition's favorites was a set of three \\\"Little Orphan Annie\\\" cartoons from their creator, Harold Gray, a 1917 graduate of Purdue University. Hoosier artists whose work also appeared at the first Salon included all four Hoosier Group members who were still living (T.C. Steele, William Forsyth, Otto Stark, and\",\n \"title\": \"Hoosier Salon\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2266684\",\n \"text\": \"Annie (musical) Annie is a Broadway musical based upon the popular Harold Gray comic strip \\\"Little Orphan Annie\\\", with music by Charles Strouse, lyrics by Martin Charnin, and book by Thomas Meehan. The original Broadway production opened in 1977 and ran for nearly six years, setting a record for the Alvin Theatre (now the Neil Simon Theatre). It spawned numerous productions in many countries, as well as national tours, and won the Tony Award for Best Musical. The musical's songs \\\"Tomorrow\\\" and \\\"It's the Hard Knock Life\\\" are among its most popular musical numbers. In 1933, eleven-year-old Annie is in\",\n \"title\": \"Annie (musical)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4246364\",\n \"text\": \"he noted, \\\"Started writing television scripts in the early 1970s, and in 1984 I was asked to develop and write the bible for the animated television show \\\"ThunderCats\\\", and also act as the story editor and head writer. Moved to Westport, Connecticut in 1970 where I still live today.\\\" Starr eventually wrote 23 episodes for \\\"ThunderCats\\\". He also worked on the Rankin Bass series \\\"Ghost Warrior\\\" (1985). In 1979 he revived the comic strip \\\"Little Orphan Annie\\\". The strip had been in reprints since 1974 after a string of unsuccessful artists had succeeded the famous creator Harold Gray, who had\",\n \"title\": \"Leonard Starr\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14267372\",\n \"text\": \"several classic characters from the company's century-old history. They gained exclusive rights to Bernard Lipfert's 1928 Patsy doll, Patsyette. Effanbee also had the rights to reproduce fashion dolls licensed by Tribune Media like the \\\"Brenda Starr, Girl Reporter\\\" series, and the comic strip, \\\"Little Orphan Annie\\\". For the first few years after the buyout the Effanbee remained an independent subsidiary of Tonner Doll, however today the two have become a conglomerate run under a singular management. The Effanbee doll lines, while are designed, produced, marketed, and distributed by Tonner Doll, retain the Effanbee name. Tonner Doll Company Tonner Doll Company,\",\n \"title\": \"Tonner Doll Company\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6619086\",\n \"text\": \"Mudge\\\" to be Annie's parents, which Roosevelt gives without reservation. Daddy Warbucks Lieutenant General Sir Oliver \\\"Daddy\\\" Warbucks is a fictional character from the comic strip \\\"Little Orphan Annie\\\". He made his first appearance in the Daily News in the \\\"Annie\\\" strip on September 27, 1924. In the series he is said to be around 52 years of age. Warbucks was born about 1894, near the small town of Supine. (In Thomas Meehan's 1980 novelisation of his 1977 musical, he was born and brought up in Hell's Kitchen New York and is 52 years old as of 1933, thus giving\",\n \"title\": \"Daddy Warbucks\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5483583\",\n \"text\": \"California: Comics Access, 1995. Little Annie Rooney Little Annie Rooney is a comic strip about a young orphaned girl who traveled about with her dog, Zero. King Features Syndicate launched the strip on January 10, 1927, not long after it was apparent that the Chicago Tribune Syndicate had scored a huge hit with \\\"Little Orphan Annie\\\". The name comes from the 1889 popular song of the same name, still familiar to many at the time. Although the King Features strip was an obvious knock-off with several similar parallels, the approach was quite different, and \\\"Little Annie Rooney\\\" had a successful\",\n \"title\": \"Little Annie Rooney\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1393871\",\n \"text\": \"run over by a car. Gray responded to the criticism by giving Annie a year-long bout with amnesia that allowed her to trip through several adventures without Daddy. In 1956, a sequence about juvenile delinquency, drug addiction, switchblades, prostitutes, crooked cops, and the ties between teens and adult gangsters unleashed a firestorm of criticism from unions, the clergy and intellectuals with 30 newspapers cancelling the strip. The syndicate ordered Gray to drop the sequence and develop another adventure. Gray died in May 1968 of cancer, and the strip was continued under other cartoonists. Gray's cousin and assistant Robert Leffingwell was\",\n \"title\": \"Little Orphan Annie\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10488503\",\n \"text\": \"Little Orphan Airedale Little Orphan Airedale is a Warner Bros. \\\"Looney Tunes\\\" cartoon directed by Charles M. Jones and released on October 4, 1947. It was later reissued as a Blue Ribbon Merrie Melodies short. Its major significance is its status as the debut of Jones's character Charlie Dog. The title is a play on \\\"Little Orphan Annie\\\". The cartoon's story (which is essentially a re-working of Bob Clampett's 1941 short \\\"Porky's Pooch\\\") is about a dog named Rags McMutt, who has just escaped from the dog pound and accidentally meets Charlie, an old friend of his, in a car\",\n \"title\": \"Little Orphan Airedale\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4806349\",\n \"text\": \"dialogue varies according to speech patterns, and sound effects vary according to how close they are to the reader. Brown's drawing style had always changed from project to project. He frequently cited Harold Gray of \\\"Little Orphan Annie\\\" as the primary influence on the drawing style of \\\"Louis Riel\\\"—restrained artwork which avoids extreme closeups, and blank-eyed characters with large bodies, small heads, and oversized noses. Gray's drawing and compositional style was well suited to the subject of \\\"Louis Riel\\\". Gray often used his strip as a public platform for politics, and \\\"Louis Riel\\\" was also very public and outward-looking. This\",\n \"title\": \"Louis Riel (comics)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1393857\",\n \"text\": \"was reviled by some for preaching in the strip to the poor about hard work, initiative, and motivation while living well on his income. In 1935 Punjab, a gigantic, sword-wielding, beturbaned Indian, was introduced to the strip and became one of its iconic characters. Whereas Annie's adventures up to the point of Punjab's appearance were realistic and believable, her adventures following his introduction touched upon the supernatural, the cosmic, and the fantastic. In November 1932 Franklin Delano Roosevelt was elected President and proposed his New Deal. Many, including Gray, saw this and other programs as government interference in private enterprise.\",\n \"title\": \"Little Orphan Annie\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2232935\",\n \"text\": \"knowledge of his medium's history. Chief among his early influences were Harvey Kurtzman, Will Eisner, and Bernard Krigstein's \\\"Master Race\\\". Though he acknowledged Eisner's early work as an influence, he denied that Eisner's first graphic novel, \\\"A Contract with God\\\" (1978), had any impact on \\\"Maus\\\". He cited Harold Gray's comic strip \\\"Little Orphan Annie\\\" as having \\\"influenced \\\"Maus\\\" fairly directly\\\", and praised Gray's work for using a cartoon-based storytelling vocabulary, rather than an illustration-based one. Justin Green's \\\"Binky Brown Meets the Holy Virgin Mary\\\" (1972) inspired Spiegelman to include autobiographical elements in his comics. Spiegelman stated, \\\"without \\\"Binky Brown\\\",\",\n \"title\": \"Maus\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5483577\",\n \"text\": \"Little Annie Rooney Little Annie Rooney is a comic strip about a young orphaned girl who traveled about with her dog, Zero. King Features Syndicate launched the strip on January 10, 1927, not long after it was apparent that the Chicago Tribune Syndicate had scored a huge hit with \\\"Little Orphan Annie\\\". The name comes from the 1889 popular song of the same name, still familiar to many at the time. Although the King Features strip was an obvious knock-off with several similar parallels, the approach was quite different, and \\\"Little Annie Rooney\\\" had a successful run from January 10,\",\n \"title\": \"Little Annie Rooney\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18257151\",\n \"text\": \"Little Orphan Annie (1932 film) Little Orphan Annie is a 1932 American Pre-Code comedy film directed by John S. Robertson and written by Wanda Tuchock and Tom McNamara. It is based on the comic strip \\\"Little Orphan Annie\\\" by Harold Gray. The film stars Mitzi Green, Buster Phelps, May Robson, Matt Moore and Edgar Kennedy. The film was released on November 4, 1932, by RKO Pictures. Oliver \\\"Daddy\\\" Warbucks is going away to find gold. He must leave Annie and Sandy and promises that when he gets back they'll be rich. On the way home, Sandy finds a little boy\",\n \"title\": \"Little Orphan Annie (1932 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15996911\",\n \"text\": \"as a Billy Bunterish comedy figure, complete with straw boater, Fatty Finn evolved . . . into a knockabout schoolboy innocently living out his days in a never-never urban world'. On August 1924 the title of the strip was changed to \\\"Fatty Finn\\\", heralding a change in the strip's direction and the role of the main character. \\\"Fatty Finn\\\" came to be recognised as one of the best-drawn comics in Australia and vied with \\\"Ginger Meggs\\\" in popularity. In 1927 a film called \\\"The Kid Stakes\\\" was produced by Tal Ordell, featuring Fatty Finn and his goat, Hector. The film\",\n \"title\": \"Syd Nicholls\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1393889\",\n \"text\": \"worked on the strip over the years. In \\\"The Penguin Book of Comics\\\" Belinda is described as \\\"a perpetual waif, a British counterpart to the transatlantic \\\"Little Orphan Annie\\\".\\\" The strip also influenced \\\"Little Annie Rooney\\\" (Jan. 10, 1927-1966) and \\\"Frankie Doodle\\\" (1934-1938). In 1995, \\\"Little Orphan Annie\\\" was one of 20 American comic strips included in the Comic Strip Classics series of commemorative U.S. postage stamps. \\\"Little Orphan Annie\\\" lent itself easily to parody, which was taken up by both Walt Kelly in \\\"Pogo\\\" (as \\\"Little Arf 'n Nonnie\\\" and later \\\"Lulu Arfin' Nanny\\\") and by Al Capp in\",\n \"title\": \"Little Orphan Annie\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12472150\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"When We Were Very Young\\\" (6 November 1924). Winnie-the-Pooh first appeared by name on 24 December 1925, in a Christmas story commissioned and published by the London newspaper \\\"The Evening News\\\". It was illustrated by J. H. Dowd. The first collection of Pooh stories appeared in the book \\\"Winnie-the-Pooh\\\". The \\\"Evening News\\\" Christmas story reappeared as the first chapter of the book. At the beginning, it explained that Pooh was in fact Christopher Robin's Edward Bear, who had been renamed by the boy. He was renamed after a black bear at London Zoo called Winnie who got her name from\",\n \"title\": \"Winnie-the-Pooh\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1393859\",\n \"text\": \"described \\\"Annie\\\" as \\\"Hooverism in the Funnies\\\", arguing that Gray's strip was defending utility company bosses then being investigated by the government. The \\\"Herald Dispatch\\\" of Huntington, West Virginia stopped running \\\"Little Orphan Annie\\\", printing a front page editorial rebuking Gray's politics. A subsequent \\\"New Republic\\\" editorial praised the paper's move, and \\\"The Nation\\\" likewise voiced its support. In the late 1920s, the strip had taken on a more adult and adventurous feel with Annie encountering killers, gangsters, spies, and saboteurs. It was about this time that Gray, whose politics seem to have been broadly conservative and libertarian with a\",\n \"title\": \"Little Orphan Annie\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1393873\",\n \"text\": \"of spunk. Early in 1974, David Lettick took the strip, but his Annie was drawn in an entirely different and more \\\"cartoonish\\\" style, leading to reader complaints, and he left after only three months. In April 1974, the decision was made to reprint Gray's classic strips, beginning in 1936. Subscriptions increased. Following the success of the Broadway musical \\\"Annie\\\", the strip was resurrected in 1979 as \\\"Annie\\\", written and drawn by Leonard Starr. Starr, the creator of \\\"Mary Perkins, On Stage\\\", was the only one besides Gray to achieve notable success with the strip. Upon Starr's retirement in 2000, he\",\n \"title\": \"Little Orphan Annie\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1393842\",\n \"text\": \"Gray's death in 1968, several artists drew the strip and, for a time, \\\"classic\\\" strips were reruns. \\\"Little Orphan Annie\\\" inspired a radio show in 1930, film adaptations by RKO in 1932 and Paramount in 1938 and a Broadway musical \\\"Annie\\\" in 1977 (which was adapted into a film of the same name three times, one in 1982, one in 1999 and another in 2014). The strip's popularity declined over the years; it was running in only 20 newspapers when it was cancelled on June 13, 2010. The characters now appear occasionally as supporting ones in \\\"Dick Tracy\\\". \\\"Little Orphan\",\n \"title\": \"Little Orphan Annie\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11081872\",\n \"text\": \"Little Orphant Annie \\\"Little Orphant Annie\\\" is an 1885 poem written by James Whitcomb Riley and published by the Bowen-Merrill Company. First titled \\\"The Elf Child\\\", the name was changed by Riley to \\\"Little Orphant Allie\\\" at its third printing; however, a typecasting error during printing renamed the poem to its current form. Known as the \\\"Hoosier poet\\\", Riley wrote the rhymes in nineteenth-century Hoosier dialect. As one of his most well known poems, it served as the inspiration for the character Little Orphan Annie upon whom was based a comic strip, plays, radio programs, television shows, and movies. The\",\n \"title\": \"Little Orphant Annie\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6619078\",\n \"text\": \"Daddy Warbucks Lieutenant General Sir Oliver \\\"Daddy\\\" Warbucks is a fictional character from the comic strip \\\"Little Orphan Annie\\\". He made his first appearance in the Daily News in the \\\"Annie\\\" strip on September 27, 1924. In the series he is said to be around 52 years of age. Warbucks was born about 1894, near the small town of Supine. (In Thomas Meehan's 1980 novelisation of his 1977 musical, he was born and brought up in Hell's Kitchen New York and is 52 years old as of 1933, thus giving him a birthdate of 1881. In the 1982 film, he\",\n \"title\": \"Daddy Warbucks\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3664075\",\n \"text\": \"with \\\"Louis Riel\\\" (2003), a historical-biographical graphic novel about rebel Métis leader Louis Riel. \\\"Paying for It\\\" (2011) drew controversy as a polemic in support of decriminalizing prostitution, a theme he explored further with \\\"Mary Wept Over the Feet of Jesus\\\" (2016), a book of adaptations of stories from the Bible that Brown believes promote pro-prostitution attitudes among early Christians. Brown draws from a range of influences, including monster and superhero comic books, underground comix, and comic strips such as Harold Gray's \\\"Little Orphan Annie\\\". His later works employ a sparse drawing style and flat dialogue. Rather than the traditional\",\n \"title\": \"Chester Brown\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"875986\",\n \"text\": \"Winsor McCay Zenas Winsor McCay ( – 1934) was an American cartoonist and animator. He is best known for the comic strip \\\"Little Nemo\\\" (1905–14; 1924–26) and the animated film \\\"Gertie the Dinosaur\\\" (1914). For contractual reasons, he worked under the pen name Silas on the comic strip \\\"Dream of the Rarebit Fiend\\\". From a young age, McCay was a quick, prolific, and technically dextrous artist. He started his professional career making posters and performing for dime museums, and in 1898 began illustrating newspapers and magazines. In 1903 he joined the \\\"New York Herald\\\", where he created popular comic strips\",\n \"title\": \"Winsor McCay\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5182590\",\n \"text\": \"work. \\\"Little Annie Fanny\\\", first comic strip, was the first multi-page comics feature in a major American magazine. Annie Fanny is the feature's lead character. Like other young women in \\\"Playboy\\\" pictorials, Annie is beautiful, buxom, and often unclothed. She is sexually innocent, oblivious to the worldliness around her. Like her forebear Goodman Beaver, Annie was conceived as a modern Candide, above the story's corruptions and temptations. Unlike Goodman, however, Annie is never shocked or offended; she remains blithe. The authors of \\\"Icons of the American Comic Book\\\" say Annie \\\"glides through a changing world with an untiring optimism\\\" with\",\n \"title\": \"Little Annie Fanny\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18257152\",\n \"text\": \"named Mickey crying behind a fence. Mickey is upset because his grandmother died and he is being forced to go to an orphanage. Little Orphan Annie (1932 film) Little Orphan Annie is a 1932 American Pre-Code comedy film directed by John S. Robertson and written by Wanda Tuchock and Tom McNamara. It is based on the comic strip \\\"Little Orphan Annie\\\" by Harold Gray. The film stars Mitzi Green, Buster Phelps, May Robson, Matt Moore and Edgar Kennedy. The film was released on November 4, 1932, by RKO Pictures. Oliver \\\"Daddy\\\" Warbucks is going away to find gold. He must\",\n \"title\": \"Little Orphan Annie (1932 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8327993\",\n \"text\": \"Winnie-the-Pooh, first named \\\"Mr. Edward Bear\\\" by Christopher Robin Milne. In one of the illustrations of \\\"Teddy Bear\\\", Winnie-the-Pooh is shown wearing a shirt which was later coloured red when reproduced on a recording produced by Stephen Slesinger. This has become his standard appearance in the Disney adaptations. When We Were Very Young When We Were Very Young is a best-selling book of poetry by A. A. Milne. It was first published in 1924, and was illustrated by E. H. Shepard. Several of the verses were set to music by Harold Fraser-Simson. The book begins with an introduction entitled \\\"Just\",\n \"title\": \"When We Were Very Young\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7929037\",\n \"text\": \"pulp science fiction, religious literature and television clichés. Harold Gray's comic strip \\\"Little Orphan Annie\\\" had an effect on Brown after he discovered some \\\"Annie\\\" reprint books in the early 1980s. This was to be a primary influence on later work of Brown's such as \\\"Louis Riel\\\". The story began in July 1983 in the second issue of Brown's original \\\"Yummy Fur\\\" minicomic, the seven issues of which were reprinted in 1986–87 in the first three issues of the Vortex Comics-published \\\"Yummy Fur\\\". \\\"Ed\\\" ran in the first eighteen issues of \\\"Yummy Fur\\\", along other features, such as Brown's Gospel\",\n \"title\": \"Ed the Happy Clown\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14413993\",\n \"text\": \"with characters and situations based upon hundreds of newspaper-published comic strips dating back to the inception of the form (the installment published October 16, 2012 featured \\\"The Yellow Kid\\\", a character/cartoon first appearing in 1895). Characters from \\\"Calvin and Hobbes\\\", \\\"Little Orphan Annie\\\", \\\"Crock\\\", \\\"Dilbert\\\", \\\"Popeye\\\", \\\"B.C.\\\", \\\"Beetle Bailey\\\", \\\"The Boondocks\\\", \\\"The Wizard of Id\\\" and \\\"Broom-Hilda\\\" are among those prominently featured. Weapon Brown is set in a post apocalyptic world, and the story itself centers around the eponymous character Weapon Brown, who is on a mission to rescue the woman he loves from a former acquaintance: Linus Van Pelt,\",\n \"title\": \"Weapon Brown\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1393867\",\n \"text\": \"Gray showed no remorse, but did discontinue the sequence. Gray was criticized by a Southern newspaper for including a black youngster among the white children in the Junior Commandos. Gray made it clear he was not a reformer, did not believe in breaking down the color line, and was no relation to Eleanor Roosevelt, an ardent supporter of civil rights. He pointed out that Annie was a friend to all, and that most cities in the North had \\\"large dark towns\\\". The inclusion of a black character in the Junior Commandos, he explained, was \\\"merely a casual gesture toward a\",\n \"title\": \"Little Orphan Annie\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1393843\",\n \"text\": \"Annie\\\" displays literary kinship with the picaresque novel in its seemingly endless string of episodic and unrelated adventures in the life of a character who wanders like an innocent vagabond through a corrupt world. In Annie's first year, the picaresque pattern that characterizes her story is set, with the major players – Annie, Sandy and \\\"Daddy\\\" Warbucks – introduced within the strip's first several weeks. The story opens in a dreary and Dickensian orphanage where Annie is routinely abused by the cold and sarcastic matron Miss Asthma (who eventually is replaced by the equally mean Miss Treat [whose name is\",\n \"title\": \"Little Orphan Annie\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4246379\",\n \"text\": \"California. By the 1930s, \\\"Little Orphan Annie\\\" had evolved from a crudely drawn melodrama to a crisply rendered atmospheric story with novelistic plot threads. The dialogue consisted mainly of meditations on Gray's own deeply conservative political philosophy. Gray made no secret of his dislike for the New Deal ways of President Franklin Roosevelt and would often decry unions and other things he saw as impediments to the hard-working American way of life. Critic Jeet Heer, who did his thesis on Gray and wrote introductions to IDW's \\\"Little Orphan Annie\\\" collections, commented: Gray wasn't really a conservative in the 1920s: he\",\n \"title\": \"Harold Gray\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3288240\",\n \"text\": \"(short for Minerva); their sons Sam and baby James; wealthy Uncle Bim; and their annoying maid Mary. They had a cat named Hope and a dog named Buck. The idea was envisioned by Joseph Patterson, editor and publisher of the \\\"Chicago Tribune\\\", who was important in the early histories of \\\"Little Orphan Annie\\\" and other long-run comic strips. Patterson referred to the masses as \\\"gumps\\\" and thought a strip about the domestic lives of ordinary people and their ordinary activities would appeal to the average American newspaper reader. He hired Smith to write and draw the strip, and it was\",\n \"title\": \"The Gumps\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2387176\",\n \"text\": \"Horton Hears a Who! Horton Hears a Who! is a children's book written and illustrated by Theodor Seuss Geisel under the pen name Dr. Seuss and was published in 1954 by Random House. It is the second Dr. Seuss book to feature Horton the Elephant, the first being \\\"Horton Hatches the Egg\\\". The Whos would later reappear in \\\"How the Grinch Stole Christmas!\\\". Miranda Richardson read the book as part of her second audio collection of Dr. Seuss books. The other three books she narrated were \\\"Oh, the Places You'll Go!\\\", \\\"Mr. Brown Can Moo! Can You?\\\", and \\\"Happy Birthday\",\n \"title\": \"Horton Hears a Who!\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1393874\",\n \"text\": \"was succeeded by \\\"Daily News\\\" writer Jay Maeder and artist Andrew Pepoy, beginning Monday, June 5, 2000. Pepoy was eventually succeeded by Alan Kupperberg (2001–2004) and Ted Slampyak (2004–2010). The new creators updated the strip's settings and characters for a modern audience, giving Annie a new hairdo and jeans rather than her trademark dress. However, Maeder's new stories never managed to live up to the pathos and emotional engagement of the stories by Gray and Starr. Annie herself was often reduced to a supporting role and was a far less complex character than the girl readers had known for seven\",\n \"title\": \"Little Orphan Annie\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1393848\",\n \"text\": \"place in Europe were reflected in the strips during the 1940s and World War II. Daddy Warbucks was reunited with Annie, as his death was changed to coma, from which he woke in 1945. By this time, the series enlarged its world with the addition of characters such as Asp and Punjab, bodyguards and servants to Annie and Daddy Warbucks. In world-trotting adventures, the characters traveled around the world, with Annie having adventures on her own or with her adopted family. Annie is a 10-year-old orphan. Her distinguishing physical characteristics are a mop of red, curly hair, a red dress\",\n \"title\": \"Little Orphan Annie\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1393851\",\n \"text\": \"a large, powerfully-built bald man, the idealized capitalist, who typically wears a tuxedo and diamond stickpin in his shirtfront. He likes Annie at once, instructing her to call him \\\"Daddy\\\", but his wife (a plumber's daughter) is a snobbish, gossiping \\\"nouveau riche\\\" who derides her husband's affection for Annie. When Warbucks is suddenly called to Siberia on business, his wife spitefully sends Annie back to the orphanage. Other major characters include Warbucks' right-hand men, Punjab, an eight-foot native of India, introduced in 1935, and the Asp, an inscrutably generalized East Asian, who first appeared in 1937. There is also the\",\n \"title\": \"Little Orphan Annie\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1393856\",\n \"text\": \"and Riley's \\\"homespun philosophy of hard work, respect for elders, and a cheerful outlook on life\\\". A \\\"Fortune\\\" popularity poll in 1937 indicated \\\"Little Orphan Annie\\\" ranked number one and ahead of \\\"Popeye\\\", \\\"Dick Tracy\\\", \\\"Bringing Up Father\\\", \\\"The Gumps\\\", \\\"Blondie\\\", \\\"Moon Mullins\\\", \\\"Joe Palooka\\\", \\\"Li'l Abner\\\" and \\\"Tillie the Toiler\\\". Gray was little affected by the stock market crash of 1929. The strip was more popular than ever and brought him a good income, which was only enhanced when the strip became the basis for a radio program in 1930 and two films in 1932 and 1938. Predictably, Gray\",\n \"title\": \"Little Orphan Annie\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10766796\",\n \"text\": \"was planning to produce \\\"Annie\\\", a remake of The 1982 film. On May 25, 2012 it was announced that Jay-Z was writing new songs for the film. In January 2013, Sony Pictures selected Will Gluck to direct the film. Oscar nominee, Quvenzhané Wallis was cast as the title character. The film was released on December 19, 2014. Annie (1982 film) Annie is a 1982 American musical comedy-drama film based on the Broadway musical of the same name by Charles Strouse, Martin Charnin and Thomas Meehan which in turn is based on the \\\"Little Orphan Annie\\\" comic strip by Harold Gray.\",\n \"title\": \"Annie (1982 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11081884\",\n \"text\": \"while jumping rope in the movie \\\"Texas Killing Fields\\\" ( 2011) Texts Little Orphant Annie \\\"Little Orphant Annie\\\" is an 1885 poem written by James Whitcomb Riley and published by the Bowen-Merrill Company. First titled \\\"The Elf Child\\\", the name was changed by Riley to \\\"Little Orphant Allie\\\" at its third printing; however, a typecasting error during printing renamed the poem to its current form. Known as the \\\"Hoosier poet\\\", Riley wrote the rhymes in nineteenth-century Hoosier dialect. As one of his most well known poems, it served as the inspiration for the character Little Orphan Annie upon whom was\",\n \"title\": \"Little Orphant Annie\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10766775\",\n \"text\": \"adaptation on December 19, 2014. In 1933 during the Great Depression, a young orphan named Annie is living in the Hudson Street Orphanage in New York City which is run by Miss Hannigan, a cruel alcoholic who forces the orphans to clean the building daily. With half of a locket as her only possession, she remains optimistic that her parents, who left her on the doorstep as a baby will return for her. Annie sneaks out with help from a laundry man named Mr. Bundles and adopts a stray dog which she names Sandy. Annie is returned to the orphanage\",\n \"title\": \"Annie (1982 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19110902\",\n \"text\": \"on Harold Gray's eponymous and equally popular comic strip series \\\"Little Orphan Annie\\\". The show debuted on WGN/Chicago in 1930, but only became a national hit when it moved to NBC radio's Blue Network in 1931. It was broadcast in the late afternoon and ran for twelve successful years. In 1931, when the show debuted, radio had yet to establish coast-to-coast networks so two separate casts performed—one in San Francisco starring Floy Margaret Hughes and the other in Chicago starring Shirley Bell as Annie, Stanley Andrews as \\\"Daddy\\\", and Allan Baruck (and later Mel Tormé) as Joe Corntassel. When coast\",\n \"title\": \"Little Orphan Annie (radio)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9977510\",\n \"text\": \"Paul Kirchner Paul Kirchner (born January 29, 1952) is an American writer and illustrator who has worked in diverse areas, from comic strips and toy design to advertising and editorial art. Paul Kirchner was born in New Haven, Connecticut. He attended Cooper Union School of Art but left in his third year, when, with the help of Larry Hama and Neal Adams, he began to get work in the comic book industry. He penciled stories for DC’s horror line and assisted on \\\"Little Orphan Annie\\\" for Tex Blaisdell, who took over the strip after the death of Harold Gray. In\",\n \"title\": \"Paul Kirchner\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"241321\",\n \"text\": \"the strip's copyright, but McCay won a lawsuit that allowed him to continue using the characters. In the \\\"American\\\", the strip ran under the title \\\"In the Land of Wonderful Dreams\\\". The \\\"Herald\\\" was unsuccessful in finding another cartoonist to continue the original strip. McCay left Hearst in May 1924 and returned to the \\\"Herald Tribune\\\". He began \\\"Little Nemo in Slumberland\\\" afresh that August 3. The new strip displayed the virtuoso technique of the old, but the panels were laid out in an unvarying grid. Nemo took a more passive role in the stories, and there was no continuity.\",\n \"title\": \"Little Nemo\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1393870\",\n \"text\": \"work never hurt any kid,\\\" Gray affirmed, \\\"One of the reasons we have so much juvenile delinquency is that kids are forced by law to loaf around on street corners and get into trouble.\\\" His belief brought upon him the wrath of the labor movement, which staunchly supported the child labor laws. A London newspaper columnist thought some of Gray's sequences a threat to world peace, but a Detroit newspaper supported Gray on his \\\"shoot first, ask questions later\\\" foreign policy. Gray was criticized for the gruesome violence in the strips, particularly a sequence in which Annie and Sandy were\",\n \"title\": \"Little Orphan Annie\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1986296\",\n \"text\": \"0.01 Gy), which remains common largely in the United States, though \\\"strongly discouraged\\\" in the style guide for U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology authors. The gray was named after British physicist Louis Harold Gray, a pioneer in the measurement of X-ray and radium radiation and their effects on living tissue. It was adopted as part of the International System of Units in 1975. One \\\"gray\\\" is the absorption of one joule of energy, in the form of ionizing radiation, per kilogram of matter. The CIPM states: \\\"In order to avoid any risk of confusion between the absorbed dose\",\n \"title\": \"Gray (unit)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18259937\",\n \"text\": \"Little Orphan Annie (1938 film) Little Orphan Annie is a 1938 American comedy film directed by Ben Holmes and written by Budd Schulberg and Samuel Ornitz. It is based on the comic strip \\\"Little Orphan Annie\\\" by Harold Gray. The film stars Ann Gillis, Robert Kent, June Travis, J. Farrell MacDonald and J.M. Kerrigan. The film was released on December 2, 1938, by Paramount Pictures. Annie (Ann Gillis), an orphan, (based on Harold Gray's comic strip but who is at no point in the film called 'Little Orphan Annie), is befriended by a fight manager, 'Pop' Corrigan (J. Farrell MacDonald).\",\n \"title\": \"Little Orphan Annie (1938 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4246382\",\n \"text\": \"spirit, and also his fear of those he thought were undermining society by their laziness and meanness. You get a very strong sense of the man in his work, which is one reason it's one of the major comic strips ... Sidney Smith (creator of \\\"The Gumps\\\") was a giant of his day whose place in history has largely been forgotten. Throughout the 1920s and later, \\\"The Gumps\\\" was one of the top strips in America, loved by millions. What set \\\"The Gumps\\\" apart from earlier strips was that, although it had a comic element, Smith also often embraced wholehearted\",\n \"title\": \"Harold Gray\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13875728\",\n \"text\": \"popular as well. Listening to radio broadcasting became a source of nearly free entertainment for millions of Americans. The radio stations had a little bit of everything for all ages, young and old. One of the most common radio shows for young children was \\\"Little Orphan Annie\\\". The show is about an adventurous young girl who had an equally adventurous dog named Sandy. Together, Annie and Sandy would try to solve mysteries. The show was so loved by children that they soon began to purchase small items of merchandise such as pins of Annie. Later, an actual film was released\",\n \"title\": \"Entertainment during the Great Depression\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1393890\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Li'l Abner\\\", where Punjab became Punjbag, an oleaginous slob. Harvey Kurtzman and Wally Wood satirized the strip in \\\"Mad\\\" #9 as \\\"Little Orphan Melvin\\\", and later Kurtzman produced a long-running series for \\\"Playboy\\\", \\\"Little Annie Fanny\\\", in which the lead character is a busty, voluptuous waif who continually loses her clothes and falls into strange sexual situations. In \\\"The Fabulous Furry Freak Brothers\\\", Gilbert Shelton satirized the strip as \\\"Little Orphan Amphetamine\\\", who is a 1960s teenager who runs away from home, and after being scarred by a series of sexual experiences, returns only to tell \\\"Daddy\\\" that he is\",\n \"title\": \"Little Orphan Annie\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11352451\",\n \"text\": \"name \\\"Herbert S. Fine\\\", combining the first name of a cousin with his mother's maiden name. The term \\\"Superman\\\" derives from a common English translation of the term \\\"Übermensch\\\", which originated with Friedrich Nietzsche's statement, \\\"\\\"Ich lehre euch den Übermenschen\\\"\\\" (\\\"I will teach you all the Superman\\\"), in his 1883 work \\\"Thus Spoke Zarathustra\\\". The term \\\"Superman\\\" was popularized by George Bernard Shaw with his 1903 play \\\"Man and Superman\\\". The character Jane Porter refers to Tarzan as a \\\"superman\\\" in the 1912 pulp novel \\\"Tarzan of the Apes\\\" by Edgar Rice Burroughs, and Siegel would later name Tarzan as\",\n \"title\": \"The Reign of the Superman\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12206071\",\n \"text\": \"Brian White (cartoonist) Brian \\\"H.B.\\\" White (born 1902; died 1984) was a British cartoonist, creating 'The Nipper' for the Daily Mail between 1933 and 1947. Both \\\"Keyhole Kate\\\" and \\\"Double Trouble\\\" ran in London's Evening Standard. Early in his career he forged links with Sid Griffiths, who had developed Jerry the Tyke and brought in White who had been one of the team of animators on the 1924 film of George E. Studdy's character Bonzo the dog. They latterly formed the company \\\"Griffiths and White\\\" in 1929, working from an office in the Charing Cross Road, London, initially producing animated\",\n \"title\": \"Brian White (cartoonist)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12206075\",\n \"text\": \"Brian White (cartoonist) Brian \\\"H.B.\\\" White (born 1902; died 1984) was a British cartoonist, creating 'The Nipper' for the Daily Mail between 1933 and 1947. Both \\\"Keyhole Kate\\\" and \\\"Double Trouble\\\" ran in London's Evening Standard. Early in his career he forged links with Sid Griffiths, who had developed Jerry the Tyke and brought in White who had been one of the team of animators on the 1924 film of George E. Studdy's character Bonzo the dog. They latterly formed the company \\\"Griffiths and White\\\" in 1929, working from an office in the Charing Cross Road, London, initially producing animated\",\n \"title\": \"Brian White (cartoonist)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7316667\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"\\\"A Man Called Horace\\\"\\\" which was featured daily in the \\\"Daily Mirror\\\" and \\\"Daily Record\\\" until August 1, 2015. This strip was commissioned in 1989 by Mirror Group Newspapers in an attempt to lure the \\\"Beau Peep\\\" fan base from the \\\"Daily Star\\\". Roger Kettle also scripts \\\"Andy Capp\\\" for the \\\"Daily Mirror\\\". The strip is drawn by Roger Mahoney. \\\"Beau Peep\\\" was originally intended as a parody of \\\"Beau Geste\\\", a 1924 adventure novel by British author P. C. Wren, which has itself been adapted for the screen several times, and again parodied even more. However \\\"Beau Peep\\\" grew\",\n \"title\": \"Beau Peep\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"902197\",\n \"text\": \"Hal Foster Harold Rudolf Foster (August 16, 1892 – July 25, 1982), better known as Hal Foster, was a Canadian-American comic strip artist and writer best known as the creator of the comic strip \\\"Prince Valiant\\\". His drawing style is noted for its high level of draftsmanship and attention to detail. Born in Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, Foster rode his bike to the United States in 1919 and began to study in Chicago, eventually living in America. In 1928, he began one of the earliest adventure comic strips, an adaptation of Edgar Rice Burroughs's \\\"Tarzan\\\". In 1937, he created his\",\n \"title\": \"Hal Foster\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8031846\",\n \"text\": \"Harold Warp Harold Warp (December 21, 1903 – April 8, 1994) was an American businessman who invented Flex-O-Glass. He also founded Pioneer Village in Minden, Nebraska. Harold Warp was born in a sod house on a farm near Minden, Nebraska. He was the youngest of twelve children born to an immigrant family from Norway. When he was three years old, his father died and his mother died when he was eleven. In 1924, he and two of his brothers moved to Chicago with a patent for a plastic window material he had developed. Their business became successful and in time\",\n \"title\": \"Harold Warp\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1393883\",\n \"text\": \"Annie doesn't become a star. As Bruce Smith remarks in \\\"The History of Little Orphan Annie\\\", \\\"Gray was smart enough never to let [Annie] get too successful.\\\" In 1977, \\\"Little Orphan Annie\\\" was adapted to the Broadway stage as \\\"Annie\\\". With music by Charles Strouse, lyrics by Martin Charnin and book by Thomas Meehan, the original production ran from April 21, 1977 to January 2, 1983. The work has been staged internationally. The musical took considerable liberties with the original comic strip plot. The Broadway Annies were Andrea McArdle, Shelly Bruce, Sarah Jessica Parker, Allison Smith and Alyson Kirk. Actresses\",\n \"title\": \"Little Orphan Annie\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9251004\",\n \"text\": \"Lee Marrs Lee Marrs (born September 5, 1945) is an American cartoonist and animator, and one of the first female underground comix creators. She is best known for her comic book series \\\"The Further Fattening Adventures of Pudge, Girl Blimp\\\", which lasted from 1973 to 1977. Lee Marrs attended American University and graduated in 1967 with a degree in Fine Arts. During her time at American University, Marrs was introduced to comic strip artist Tex Blaisell by his daughter, whom she went to school with. Marrs then began assisting Blaisell, working on comics such as \\\"Little Orphan Annie\\\", \\\"Prince Valiant\\\",\",\n \"title\": \"Lee Marrs\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6812854\",\n \"text\": \"Winnipeg (bear) Winnipeg, or Winnie, (1914 – 12 May 1934) was the name given to a female black bear that lived at London Zoo from 1915 until her death in 1934. Rescued by cavalry veterinarian Harry Colebourn, Winnie is best-remembered for inspiring A. A. Milne's character, Winnie-the-Pooh. Upon the outbreak of World War I in August 1914, Lt. Harry Colebourn of The Fort Garry Horse, a Canadian cavalry regiment, volunteered his service. On 24 August, while en route to Valcartier to report to the Canadian Army Veterinary Corps (CAVC) as part of the Canadian Expeditionary Force, he purchased a young\",\n \"title\": \"Winnipeg (bear)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15617965\",\n \"text\": \"Santiago was influenced by Harold \\\"Hal\\\" Rudolf Foster, a comic book artist from the United States who illustrated the \\\"Tarzan\\\" (1929) and \\\"Prince Valiant\\\" characters. Foster was the creator of \\\"Prince Valiant\\\". Because he idolized Foster, Santiago exchanged letters with Foster in 1958 in order to learn the ropes of comic book illustration. Santiago changed his given name and adopted the name \\\"Hal\\\" after the name Foster used in the comic book industry. In 1980, Santiago received the Best Illustrator Award from WIKA, an association of Philippine comics distributors. In 1984, WIKA awarded Santiago the Best Written and Illustrated Novel\",\n \"title\": \"Hal Santiago\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1393844\",\n \"text\": \"a play on the word mistreat]). One day, the wealthy but mean-spirited Mrs. Warbucks takes Annie into her home \\\"on trial.\\\" She makes it clear that she does not like Annie and tries to send her back to \\\"the Home\\\", but one of her society friends catches her in the act, and immediately, to her disgust, she changes her mind. Her husband Oliver, who returned from a business trip, instantly develops a paternal affection for Annie and instructs her to address him as \\\"Daddy.\\\" Originally, the Warbucks had a dog named One-Lung, who liked Annie. Their household staff also takes\",\n \"title\": \"Little Orphan Annie\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15045197\",\n \"text\": \"member of New Mexico's \\\"Taos Ten\\\", and Gustave Baumann, who worked in Brown County, Indiana, for seven years before moving to Santa Fe, New Mexico, in 1918, were Salon exhibitors. Fairmount, Indiana, native Olive Rush, whose art studio was in Santa Fe, was a Salon prizewinner. In the past, Hoosier cartoonists have been well represented at the Salons. In addition to comic-strip illustrator Harold Gray's \\\"Little Orphan Annie\\\", cartoonists who competed for the Salon's prizes and recognition were Frank McKinney \\\"Kin\\\" Hubbard's nationally syndicated \\\"Abe Martin\\\" cartoons; Gaar Williams, who created \\\"Among the Folks in History\\\"; Fontaine Fox, creator of\",\n \"title\": \"Hoosier Salon\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1393858\",\n \"text\": \"Gray railed against Roosevelt and his programs. (Gray even killed Daddy Warbucks off in 1945, believing that Warbucks could not coexist in the world with FDR. But following FDR's death, Gary resurrected Warbucks, who said to Annie, \\\"Somehow I feel that the climate here has changed since I went away.\\\") Annie's life was complicated not only by thugs and gangsters but also by New Deal do-gooders and bureaucrats. Organized labor was feared by businessmen and Gray took their side. Some writers and editors took issue with this strip's criticisms of FDR's New Deal and 1930s labor unionism. \\\"The New Republic\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"Little Orphan Annie\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19795924\",\n \"text\": \"the style of the original drawings by E. H. Shepard. The story was originally available as an audio-video download narrated by the actor Jim Broadbent. Broadbent said \\\"I have been a fan of Winnie-the-Pooh since I was a boy. In fact I named my very first and much loved teddy Pooh and that can only have been after the A. A. Milne character\\\". The print version followed in November 2016. A. A. Milne dedicated a 1926 book of songs featuring Pooh, “Teddy Bear and Other Songs\\\", to the newborn then-Princess Elizabeth. As a little girl, Princess Elizabeth was also presented\",\n \"title\": \"Winnie-the-Pooh Meets the Queen\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4760034\",\n \"text\": \"Henley, who had a wooden leg, was Robert Louis Stevenson's model for Long John Silver. Henley was also a friend of J. M. Barrie, the author of \\\"Peter Pan\\\". Henley used to address Barrie as \\\"friend\\\", which Henley's only daughter, Margaret (1888–1894), who is also buried there along with her parents, mispronounced as \\\"fwend\\\" and changed in a childish way to \\\"fwendy-wendy\\\". The latter part of this familiar name gave the name of \\\"Wendy Darling\\\" which later became the Wendy of \\\"Peter Pan\\\". Henley is now chiefly remembered as the author of the poem \\\"Invictus\\\". Cockayne Hatley Cockayne Hatley is\",\n \"title\": \"Cockayne Hatley\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4189278\",\n \"text\": \"for the Raggedy Ann name, which he created by combining words from two of James Whitcomb Riley poems, \\\"The Raggedy Man\\\" and \\\"Little Orphant Annie.\\\" (Riley was a well-known Hoosier poet and a Gruelle family friend and neighbor from the years when they resided in Indianapolis.) The U.S. Patent Office registered Gruelle's trademark application (107328) for the Raggedy Ann name on November 23, 1915. \\\"Raggedy Ann Stories\\\" (1918), written and illustrated by Johnny Gruelle and published by the P. F. Volland Company, was the first in a series of books about his cloth doll character and her friends. The book's\",\n \"title\": \"Raggedy Ann\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1393860\",\n \"text\": \"decided populist streak, introduced some of his more controversial storylines. He would look into the darker aspects of human nature, such as greed and treachery. The gap between rich and poor was an important theme. His hostility toward labor unions was dramatized in the 1935 story \\\"Eonite\\\". Other targets were the New Deal, communism, and corrupt businessmen. Gray was especially critical of the justice system, which he saw as not doing enough to deal with criminals. Thus, some of his storylines featured people taking the law into their own hands. This happened as early as 1927 in an adventure named\",\n \"title\": \"Little Orphan Annie\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7959699\",\n \"text\": \"carried no particular name or imprint. The examples listed below are just a few of the many alternative versions of Superman depicted in these stories. Outside comics published by DC Comics, the notoriety of the Superman or \\\"Übermensch\\\" archetype makes the character a popular figure to be represented with an analogue in entirely unrelated continuities. Alternative versions of Superman The character of Superman, also known as Kal-El from Krypton, who adopts the identity of Clark Kent when not fulfilling his superhero role, was created by Jerry Siegel and Joe Shuster, and has been continually published in a variety of DC\",\n \"title\": \"Alternative versions of Superman\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9456587\",\n \"text\": \"British athletes. They were made famous by 100m Olympic champion Harold Abrahams (who would be immortalized in the Oscar winning film \\\"Chariots of Fire\\\") in the 1924 Summer Olympics held in Paris. In 1958, in Bolton, two of the founder's grandsons, Joe and Jeff Foster, formed a companion company \\\"Reebok,\\\" having found the name in a South African dictionary won in a running race by Joe Foster as a boy. The name is Afrikaans for the grey rhebok, a type of African antelope. In 1979, at the Chicago International Sneaker Trade show an American businessman, Paul Fireman, took notice of\",\n \"title\": \"Reebok\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8327992\",\n \"text\": \"When We Were Very Young When We Were Very Young is a best-selling book of poetry by A. A. Milne. It was first published in 1924, and was illustrated by E. H. Shepard. Several of the verses were set to music by Harold Fraser-Simson. The book begins with an introduction entitled \\\"Just Before We Begin\\\", which, in part, tells readers to imagine for themselves who the narrator is, and that it might be Christopher Robin. The 38th poem in the book, \\\"Teddy Bear\\\", that originally appeared in \\\"Punch\\\" magazine in February 1924, was the first appearance of the famous character\",\n \"title\": \"When We Were Very Young\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11081878\",\n \"text\": \"change its title to \\\"Little Orphant Allie\\\" in an 1889 printing. The printing house incorrectly cast the typeset during the printing, unintentionally renaming the poem to \\\"Little Orphant Annie\\\". Riley at first contacted the printing house to have the error corrected, but decided to keep the misprint because of the poem's growing popularity. When reprinted in \\\"The Orphant Annie Book\\\" in 1908, the poem was given an additional, introductory verse (\\\"Little Orphant Annie she knows riddles, rhymes and things! ...\\\"). During the 1910s and 1920s, the title became the inspiration for the names of Little Orphan Annie and the Raggedy\",\n \"title\": \"Little Orphant Annie\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"990285\",\n \"text\": \"became public in 2000. The Seinfelds have one daughter and two sons. Their daughter Sascha was born on November 7, 2000; their first son Julian Kal was born on March 1, 2003; and their second son Shepherd Kellen was born on August 22, 2005—all in New York City. Julian's middle name, Kal, relates to the first name of Seinfeld's father, Kalman, and that of Seinfeld's hero Superman, aka Kal-El. Among Seinfeld's best friends are fellow comedians George Wallace, Larry Miller, and Mario Joyner. In 2000, Jessica Seinfeld launched Baby Buggy, a charity that provides clothing and gear for underprivileged women\",\n \"title\": \"Jerry Seinfeld\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4806325\",\n \"text\": \"drawing style inspired by that of Harold Gray's comic strip \\\"Little Orphan Annie\\\". Unusual for comics of the time, it includes a full scholarly apparatus: a foreword, index, bibliography, and end notes. The lengthy, hand-lettered appendix provides insight into Brown's creative process and biases and highlights where he changed historical facts to create a more engaging story, such as incorporating a conspiracy theory not widely accepted by historians. Brown became interested in the issue of property rights while researching the book, which led to a public change in his politics from anarchism to libertarianism. Although Brown intended it to be\",\n \"title\": \"Louis Riel (comics)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1393888\",\n \"text\": \"Deal for Christmas\\\", and a reprise of \\\"Tomorrow.\\\" Generally favorably received, the production earned two Emmy Awards and George Foster Peabody Award. The 2014 film \\\"Annie\\\" was produced by Jay-Z and Will Smith. It starred Quvenzhané Wallis in the title role and Jamie Foxx in the role of Will Stacks (an update of Daddy Warbucks). It was released on December 19, 2014. Between 1936 and October 17, 1959, the comic strip \\\"Belinda Blue-Eyes\\\" (later shortened to \\\"Belinda\\\") ran in the United Kingdom in the \\\"Daily Mirror\\\". Writers Bill Connor and Don Freeman and artists Stephen Dowling and Tony Royle all\",\n \"title\": \"Little Orphan Annie\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"96522\",\n \"text\": \"(though it is debated by comic fans if Superman is a Methodist). Most continuities state that the Kents never had biological children of their own and were usually depicted as middle-aged or elderly when they found Clark. In the Golden and Silver Age versions of his origin, after the Kents retrieved Clark from his rocket, they brought him to the Smallville Orphanage and returned a few days later to formally adopt the orphan, giving him as a first name Martha's maiden name, \\\"Clark\\\". In John Byrne's 1986 origin version \\\"The Man of Steel,\\\" instead of adopting him through an orphanage,\",\n \"title\": \"Clark Kent\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6987277\",\n \"text\": \"Peter Pan (1924 film) Peter Pan is a 1924 American silent adventure film released by Paramount Pictures, the first film adaptation of the play by J. M. Barrie. It was directed by Herbert Brenon and starred Betty Bronson as Peter Pan, Ernest Torrence as Captain Hook, Mary Brian as Wendy, and Virginia Browne Faire as Tinker Bell. Anna May Wong, a groundbreaking Chinese-American actress, played the Indian princess Tiger Lily. In the story, Peter Pan, a magical boy who refuses to grow up, brings the Darling children (Wendy, John, and Michael) from London to Neverland, where they have adventures that\",\n \"title\": \"Peter Pan (1924 film)\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"compressed_ctxs_1":{"kind":"string","value":"{\n \"compressed_prompt\": \"Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\\n\\ntitle: Little Orphan Annie context: Little Orphan An Little Orphan Annie is a daily American comic strip created by Harold Gray and syndicated by the Tribune Media Services. The strip took its name from the 1885 poem \\\"Little Orphant Annie\\\" by James Whitcomb Riley, and made its debut on August 5, 1924, in the New York \\\"Daily News\\\". The plot follows the wide-ranging adventures of Annie, her dog Sandy and her benefactor Oliver \\\"Daddy\\\" Warbucks. Secondary characters include Punjab, the Asp and Mr. Am. The strip attracted adult readers with political commentary that targeted (among other things) organized labor, the New Deal and communism. Following\\n\\nWhat was the original name of the orphan created in 1924 by cartoonist Harold Gray in the comic strip we know as Little Orphan Annie?\",\n \"compressed_tokens\": 210,\n \"origin_tokens\": 210,\n \"ratio\": \"1.0x\",\n \"saving\": \", Saving $0.0 in GPT-4.\"\n}"},"compressed_ctxs_100":{"kind":"string","value":"{\n \"compressed_prompt\": \"Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\\n\\ntitle: Harold Gray context: Harold Gray Harold Lincoln Gray (January 20, 1894 – May 9, 1968) was an American cartoonist, best known as the creator of the newspaper comic strip \\\"Little Orphan Annie\\\". He is considered to be the first American cartoonist to use a comic strip to express a political philosophy. Harold Gray was born in Kankakee, Illinois on January 20, 1894, to Estella Mary () and Ira Lincoln Gray, a farmer. Both parents died before he finished high school in 1912 in West Lafayette, Indiana, where the family had moved. In 1913, he got his first newspaper job at a Lafayette daily.\\n\\ntitle: Little Orphan An context: from Chicago TribNew York Syndicate, Inc for 3, 1961 and 18, as wellsocopies of the versions of \\\"Little Orphan Annie daily and strips. Consider both Cules & Club in 198. Little Orphan Annie Little Orphan Annie is daily American comic strip created Harold Gray syndicated by the Tribune Media Services. took its name poem \\\"Littlephant An\\\" by James Whitcomb Riley made its debut on August 5, 1924 in the New\\n Annie198 film: Ornie (938 film) Or a American film directed bymesdberg and Samuel Or It based on the Annie Harold Robert, Travis,.rellDonald and.M.err. The film December 2,nie (Annis), an, (baseds but no point in the filmnie isended by aPop' CoranJ FarDonald\\n: Annie film):nie a of The2, 0 it was announced that Jay-Z was writing new songs for the film. In January 2013, Sony Pictures selected Will Gluck to direct the film. Oscar nominee, Quvenzhané Wallis was cast as the title character. The film was released on December 19, 2014. Annie (1982 film) Annie is a 1982 American musical comedy-drama film based on the Broadway musical of the same name by Charles Strouse, Martin Charnin and Thomas Meehan which in turn is based on the \\\"Little Orphan Annie\\\" comic strip by Harold Gray.\\n\\nWhat was the original name of the orphan created in 1924 by cartoonist Harold Gray in the comic strip we know as Little Orphan Annie?\",\n \"compressed_tokens\": 527,\n \"origin_tokens\": 14959,\n \"ratio\": \"28.4x\",\n \"saving\": \", Saving $0.9 in GPT-4.\"\n}"}}},{"rowIdx":286,"cells":{"id":{"kind":"number","value":286,"string":"286"},"question":{"kind":"string","value":"What Pulitzer Prize-winning novelist worked as a hod carrier, wheeling 100-pound barrows of concrete along scaffolding, during construction of New York's Madison Square Garden in the 1920s?"},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["John Steinbeck III","Steinbeck","Stienbeck, John","John Steinback","John Steinbeck fellowship","John Stienbeck","John Ernst Steinbeck","Steinbeck, John","Steinbeck Country","John Steinbeck","Steinbeckian","Steinbeck country","John Ernst Steinbeck III","J. Steinbeck","John steinbeck","John Ernst Steinbeck, Jr."],"string":"[\n \"John Steinbeck III\",\n \"Steinbeck\",\n \"Stienbeck, John\",\n \"John Steinback\",\n \"John Steinbeck fellowship\",\n \"John Stienbeck\",\n \"John Ernst Steinbeck\",\n \"Steinbeck, John\",\n \"Steinbeck Country\",\n \"John Steinbeck\",\n \"Steinbeckian\",\n \"Steinbeck country\",\n \"John Ernst Steinbeck III\",\n \"J. Steinbeck\",\n \"John steinbeck\",\n \"John Ernst Steinbeck, Jr.\"\n]","isConversational":false},"target":{"kind":"string","value":"John Steinbeck"},"ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"id":"7350891","text":"of the Hollywood blacklist. Chase suffered a stroke on 12 December 1970. He died in March 1971. The Borden Chase cocktail is named after him. Borden Chase Borden Chase (January 11, 1900 – March 8, 1971) was an American writer. Born Frank Fowler, he left school at fourteen went through an assortment of jobs, including driving for gangster Frankie Yale and working as a sandhog on the construction of New York City's Holland Tunnel, where he worked with Norman Redwood. He turned to writing, first short stories and novels, and later, screenplays. He changed his name to Borden Chase, allegedly","title":"Borden Chase"},{"id":"7350879","text":"Borden Chase Borden Chase (January 11, 1900 – March 8, 1971) was an American writer. Born Frank Fowler, he left school at fourteen went through an assortment of jobs, including driving for gangster Frankie Yale and working as a sandhog on the construction of New York City's Holland Tunnel, where he worked with Norman Redwood. He turned to writing, first short stories and novels, and later, screenplays. He changed his name to Borden Chase, allegedly getting his nominal inspiration from Borden Milk and Chase Manhattan Bank. Chase wrote a story based on his Holland Tunnel experience with Edward Doherty. Film","title":"Borden Chase"},{"id":"937589","text":"Upton Sinclair Upton Beall Sinclair Jr. (September 20, 1878 – November 25, 1968) was an American writer who wrote nearly 100 books and other works in several genres. Sinclair's work was well known and popular in the first half of the 20th century, and he won the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction in 1943. In 1906, Sinclair acquired particular fame for his classic muck-raking novel \"The Jungle\", which exposed labor and sanitary conditions in the U.S. meatpacking industry, causing a public uproar that contributed in part to the passage a few months later of the 1906 Pure Food and Drug Act","title":"Upton Sinclair"},{"id":"19498114","text":"1972 and \"Nights at the Circus\" 1984. Margaret Drabble (born 1939) is a novelist, biographer and critic, who published from the 1960s into the 21st century. Her older sister, A. S. Byatt (born 1936) is best known for \"Possession\" published in 1990. Martin Amis (born 1949) is one of the most prominent of contemporary British novelists. His best-known novels are \"Money\" (1984) and \"London Fields\" (1989). Pat Barker (born 1943) has won many awards for her fiction. English novelist and screenwriter Ian McEwan (born 1948) is another of contemporary Britain's most highly regarded writers. His works include \"The Cement Garden\"","title":"Twentieth-century English literature"},{"id":"4365481","text":"more famous after their deaths than during their lifetime (and often were completely or relatively unknown) include Greek philosopher Socrates; scientist Galileo Galilei; 1800s-era poet John Keats; painter Vincent van Gogh; poet and novelist Edgar Allan Poe; singer Eva Cassidy; comedian Bill Hicks; writer Emily Dickinson; artist Edith Holden, whose 1906 diary was a best-seller when published posthumously in 1977; writer Franz Kafka; singer Jeff Buckley; diarist Anne Frank; philosopher Søren Kierkegaard; writer John Kennedy Toole (who posthumously won a Pulitzer Prize for Fiction 12 years after his death); author Stieg Larsson (who died with his \"Millennium\" novels unpublished); musician,","title":"Celebrity culture"},{"id":"1410098","text":"Booth Tarkington Newton Booth Tarkington (July 29, 1869 – May 19, 1946) was an American novelist and dramatist best known for his novels \"The Magnificent Ambersons\" and \"Alice Adams\". He is one of only three novelists to win the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction more than once, along with William Faulkner and John Updike. Although he is little read now, in the 1910s and 1920s he was considered America's greatest living author. Booth Tarkington was born in Indianapolis, Indiana, the son of John S. Tarkington and Elizabeth Booth Tarkington. He was named after his maternal uncle Newton Booth, then the governor","title":"Booth Tarkington"},{"id":"2906959","text":"Annie Proulx Edna Ann Proulx (; born August 22, 1935) is an American novelist, short story writer, and journalist. She has written most frequently as Annie Proulx but has also used the names E. Annie Proulx and E.A. Proulx. She won the PEN/Faulkner Award for Fiction for her first novel, \"Postcards\". Her second novel, \"The Shipping News\" (1993), won both the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction and the U.S. National Book Award for Fiction and was adapted as a 2001 film of the same name. Her short story \"Brokeback Mountain\" was adapted as an Academy Award, BAFTA and Golden Globe Award-winning","title":"Annie Proulx"},{"id":"2475891","text":"and Have Not\" (1944) is famous not only for the first pairing of actors Humphrey Bogart (1899–1957) and Lauren Bacall (1924–2014), but also for being written by two future winners of the Nobel Prize in Literature: Ernest Hemingway (1899–1961), the author of the novel on which the script was nominally based, and William Faulkner (1897–1962), who worked on the screen adaptation. After \"The Jazz Singer\" was released in 1927, Warner Bros. gained huge success and were able to acquire their own string of movie theaters, after purchasing Stanley Theaters and First National Productions in 1928. MGM had also owned the","title":"Cinema of the United States"},{"id":"354421","text":"Ray Bradbury Ray Douglas Bradbury (; August 22, 1920June 5, 2012) was an American author and screenwriter. He worked in a variety of genres, including fantasy, science fiction, horror, and mystery fiction. Widely known for his dystopian novel \"Fahrenheit 451\" (1953), and his science-fiction and horror-story collections, \"The Martian Chronicles\" (1950), \"The Illustrated Man\" (1951), and \"I Sing the Body Electric\" (1969), Bradbury was one of the most celebrated 20th- and 21st-century American writers. While most of his best known work is in speculative fiction, he also wrote in other genres, such as the coming-of-age novel \"Dandelion Wine\" (1957) and","title":"Ray Bradbury"},{"id":"20916523","text":"Norman Mailer bibliography This Norman Mailer bibliography lists major books by and about Mailer (January 31, 1923 – November 10, 2007), an American novelist, new journalist, essayist, public intellectual, filmmaker, and biographer. Over a fifty-nine-year period, Mailer won two Pulitzer Prizes and had eleven books spend a total of 160 weeks on the \"New York Times\" bestseller list. Mailer's output included forty-plus books and six decades of bestsellers on a wide range of topics, from World War II to Marilyn Monroe. His biographer J. Michael Lennon calls him the chronicler of the American Century, and a talent whose career has","title":"Norman Mailer bibliography"},{"id":"592291","text":"won the Pulitzer Prize for Drama, roughly one per decade from the 1930s to the 2010s¹. They are: George and Ira Gershwin's \"Of Thee I Sing\" (1932), Rodgers and Hammerstein's \"South Pacific\" (1950), Bock & Harnick's \"Fiorello!\" (1960), Frank Loesser's \"How to Succeed in Business Without Really Trying\" (1962), Marvin Hamlisch, Edward Kleban, James Kirkwood, Jr., and Nicholas Dante's \"A Chorus Line\" (1976), Stephen Sondheim's and James Lapine's \"Sunday in the Park with George\" (1985), Jonathan Larson's \"Rent\" (1996), Brian Yorkey and Tom Kitt's \"Next to Normal\" (2010), and Lin-Manuel Miranda's \"Hamilton\" (2016). \"Of Thee I Sing\", \"Sunday in the","title":"Pulitzer Prize for Drama"},{"id":"1410114","text":"fantasizes about winning Miss Pratt by the rescue of precious little Flopit from an automobile's rushing wheels. In June 2019, The Library of America will publish \"Booth Tarkington: Novels & Stories\" , collecting \"The Magnificent Ambersons\" and \"Alice Adams\" and \"In the Arena: Stories of Political Life\". Booth Tarkington Newton Booth Tarkington (July 29, 1869 – May 19, 1946) was an American novelist and dramatist best known for his novels \"The Magnificent Ambersons\" and \"Alice Adams\". He is one of only three novelists to win the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction more than once, along with William Faulkner and John Updike.","title":"Booth Tarkington"},{"id":"1621685","text":"important works of the 20th century, and his final novel, unfinished at the time of his death, The Pale King (2011), has garnered much praise and attention. In addition to his novels, he also authored three acclaimed short story collections: \"Girl with Curious Hair\" (1989), \"Brief Interviews with Hideous Men\" (1999) and \"\" (2004). Jonathan Franzen, Wallace's friend and contemporary, rose to prominence after the 2001 publication of his National Book Award-winning third novel, \"The Corrections\". He began his writing career in 1988 with the well-received \"The Twenty-Seventh City\", a novel centering on his native St. Louis, but did not","title":"American literature"},{"id":"3269897","text":"Prize-winning authors, including Isaac Bashevis Singer, Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn, Joseph Brodsky, Nadine Gordimer, Czesław Miłosz and T. S. Eliot, and Pulitzer Prize authors such as Robert Lowell, John McPhee, Philip Roth, and Bernard Malamud. The FSG brand became so renowned that author Scott Turow turned down a $350,000 advance from a rival publisher for his first novel, \"Presumed Innocent\", so that he could work with Straus, who offered him $200,000. John McPhee speaking at Straus's memorial service said of him, \"He was there in my thirties, forties, fifties and sixties, and was still leading me up the street on a leash","title":"Roger Williams Straus Jr."},{"id":"321386","text":"receive the prize. On the other hand, Jon Fosse, former recipient of the prize, welcomed the decision, saying that Handke was a worthy recipient and deserved the Nobel Prize in Literature. Handke collaborated with director Wim Wenders on a film version of \"The Goalkeeper's Fear of the Penalty\", wrote the script for Wenders' \"The Wrong Move\", and co-wrote the screenplay for Wenders' \"Wings of Desire\" and \"The Beautiful Days of Aranjuez\". He has also directed films, including from his own novels, \"The Left-Handed Woman\" and \"The Absence\". Peter Handke Peter Handke (; born 6 December 1942) is an Austrian novelist,","title":"Peter Handke"},{"id":"10320034","text":"Don Mankiewicz Don Martin Mankiewicz (January 20, 1922 – April 25, 2015) was an American screenwriter and novelist best known for his novel, \"Trial\". Born in Berlin, Germany, he was the son of Sara (née Aaronson) and the screenwriter Herman J. Mankiewicz and brother of journalist Frank Mankiewicz. He graduated from Columbia College of Columbia University in 1942. His 1955 novel \"Trial\" won the Harper Prize and was made into a film of the same name. He was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay for \"I Want to Live!\" (1958). Among his many television credits are \"Ironside\",","title":"Don Mankiewicz"},{"id":"3310069","text":"Colson Whitehead Colson Whitehead (born November 6, 1969) is an American novelist. He is the author of six novels, including his debut work, the 1999 novel \"The Intuitionist\", and \"The Underground Railroad\" (2016), for which he won the 2016 National Book Award for Fiction and the 2017 Pulitzer Prize for Fiction. He has also published two books of non-fiction. In 2002, he received a MacArthur Fellowship (\"Genius Grant\"). Whitehead was born in New York City on November 6, 1969, and grew up in Manhattan. He attended Trinity School in Manhattan. Whitehead graduated from Harvard University in 1991; in college he","title":"Colson Whitehead"},{"id":"6975947","text":"them Ian McEwan, Salman Rushdie, Edmund White, Julian Barnes, Graham Swift as well as such iconic writers as Ryszard Kapuściński, Angela Carter, Bret Easton Ellis, and Michael Herr, among many others, leading \"The Times\" of London to describe his tenure as producing \"the Picador Generation\". In 1987 Mehta moved from London to New York to head the legendary American literary imprint Alfred A. Knopf as President and Editor-in-Chief. Mehta was hand-picked by Robert Gottlieb who was leaving Alfred A. Knopf to edit \"the New Yorker\". Under Mehta, Knopf has published six Nobel literature laureates, numerous Pulitzer Prize, Booker Prize and","title":"Sonny Mehta"},{"id":"20916525","text":"Listed chronologically, the following are integral books for the study of Norman Mailer. Notes Citations Works Cited Norman Mailer bibliography This Norman Mailer bibliography lists major books by and about Mailer (January 31, 1923 – November 10, 2007), an American novelist, new journalist, essayist, public intellectual, filmmaker, and biographer. Over a fifty-nine-year period, Mailer won two Pulitzer Prizes and had eleven books spend a total of 160 weeks on the \"New York Times\" bestseller list. Mailer's output included forty-plus books and six decades of bestsellers on a wide range of topics, from World War II to Marilyn Monroe. His biographer","title":"Norman Mailer bibliography"},{"id":"13689860","text":"will die. The mob backs off. June survives, and successfully gives birth to their son, Bob Lee Swagger. Additionally the plot features two real-life persons from that period: American gangster Bugsy Siegel who was a major driving force behind large-scale development of Las Vegas and his friend, Chicago Outfit courier Virginia Hill. Two other real-life persons appear briefly, and with their identities only hinted at. The first, a screenwriter named \"Bill\", shares a table with Humphrey Bogart at a Hollywood nightclub. This is actually William Faulkner, the winner of the Nobel Prize for Literature, when he was working in the","title":"Hot Springs (novel)"},{"id":"3227048","text":"Kerouac's then-girlfriend Joyce Johnson, started work in 1957, when Sheila Cudahy was a partner at the firm. Farrar, Straus and Giroux Farrar, Straus and Giroux (FSG) is an American book publishing company, founded in 1946 by Roger W. Straus, Jr. and John C. Farrar. FSG is known for publishing literary books, and its authors have won numerous awards, including Pulitzer Prizes, National Book Awards, and Nobel Peace Prizes. The publisher is currently a division of Macmillan, whose parent company is the German publishing conglomerate Holtzbrinck Publishing Group. Farrar, Straus, and Company was founded in 1945 by Roger W. Straus, Jr.","title":"Farrar, Straus and Giroux"},{"id":"4134987","text":"that she enjoyed. After its revival in 2003, books were selected on a more limited basis (three or four a year) Winfrey returned to fiction with her 2007 selections of \"The Road\" by Cormac McCarthy in March and \"Middlesex\" by Jeffrey Eugenides in June. Shortly after its being chosen, \"The Road\" was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction. Winfrey conducted the first ever television interview with McCarthy, a famously reclusive author, on June 5, 2007. On October 5, 2007, the latest selection was announced as \"Love in the Time of Cholera\", a 1985 novel by Nobel Prize laureate Gabriel García","title":"Oprah's Book Club"},{"id":"3394355","text":"published pro-Nazi writings. Éditions Gallimard's best-selling authors include Albert Camus (29 million copies), Antoine de Saint-Exupéry (26.3 million copies), and J.K. Rowling (whose \"Harry Potter\" series sold 26 million copies). Other important authors include Salman Rushdie, Roald Dahl, Marcel Proust, Philip Roth, George Orwell, Jack Kerouac, Pablo Neruda, and John Steinbeck. As of 2011, its catalog consists of 36 Prix Goncourt winners, 38 writers who have received the Nobel Prize in Literature, and ten writers who have been awarded the Pulitzer Prize. In 2010 the company had a turnover of million, and over 1,000 employees. Gallimard acquired Groupe Flammarion from","title":"Éditions Gallimard"},{"id":"2394510","text":"the Lyrics; Friends; Army Wives; Cheers; Sex and the City; Frasier; Scrubs\"; and \"The X-Files\". ICM Partners represents recipients of the Nobel Prize, Pulitzer Prize, National Book Award and other literary honors. Among the agency’s clients are Patricia Cornwell, Thomas Friedman, Anna Quindlen, E.L. Doctorow, Walter Isaacson, Carl Hiaasen, Tom Bissell, Anthony Swofford, Chris Cleave, Candace Bushnell, John Feinstein, Ann Patchett, Carol Higgins Clark and Steve Martin. In addition, the agency represents the estates of Theodor Geisel (Dr. Seuss), Arthur Miller, E.B. White, and Tennessee Williams, among others. The agency routinely represents more than 100 titles on the New York","title":"ICM Partners"},{"id":"1410103","text":"author. He won the Pulitzer Prize in fiction twice, in 1919 and 1922, for his novels \"The Magnificent Ambersons\" and \"Alice Adams\". In 1921 booksellers rated him \"the most significant contemporary American author\" in a poll conducted by \"Publishers' Weekly\". He won the O. Henry Memorial Award in 1931 for his short story \"Cider of Normandy\". His works appeared frequently on best sellers lists throughout his life. In addition to his honorary doctorate from Purdue, and his honorary masters and doctorate from Princeton, Tarkington was awarded an honorary doctorate from Columbia University, the administrator of the Pulitzer Prize, and several","title":"Booth Tarkington"},{"id":"5993496","text":"reaching best-seller status in that venue in an opinion article for \"The New York Times\". Horwitz married the Australian writer Geraldine Brooks in France, in 1984. She has also won the Pulitzer Prize, in 2006, for her novel, \"March\" (2005). They have two children. Tony Horwitz Tony Horwitz (born June 9, 1958) is an American journalist and author who won the 1995 Pulitzer Prize for National Reporting. His books include \"One for the Road: a Hitchhiker's Outback\" (1987), \"Baghdad Without a Map\" (1991), \"Confederates in the Attic\" (1998), \"Blue Latitudes\" (AKA \"Into the Blue\") (2002), \"A Voyage Long and Strange:","title":"Tony Horwitz"},{"id":"20166996","text":"of debris that has washed ashore, and none have been modernized with running water or electricity. Over the last century, many famous artists have spent time in the Dune Shacks for creative inspiration, including: playwright Eugene O'Neill (\"A Streetcar Named Desire\", \"Death of a Salesman\"), poet and abolitionist Henry David Thoreau (\"Walden\", \"Civil Disobedience\"), abstract expressionist painter Jackson Pollock (\"Mural on Indian Red Ground\", \"No. 5, 1948\") and iconoclast novelist Jack Kerouac (\"The Town and the City\", \"Big Sur\"). During each one of the seven days Bannon spent at C-Scape Dune Shack, he wrote and recorded a piano-driven track through","title":"Dunedevil"},{"id":"9834759","text":"and starred Samuel L. Jackson, Josh Hartnett, and Alan Alda. His novel, \"Sutton\", based on the life of bank robber Willie Sutton, was published in 2012. He ghostwrote Phil Knight's memoir, \"Shoe Dog\", published in 2016. J. R. Moehringer John Joseph \"J.R.\" Moehringer (born December 7, 1964) is an American novelist and journalist. In 2000 he won the Pulitzer Prize for newspaper feature writing. Moehringer was born in New York City and was raised by a single mother in Manhasset, New York and, later, in Scottsdale, Arizona. He graduated from Saguaro High School in Scottsdale in 1982. He graduated from","title":"J. R. Moehringer"},{"id":"5947699","text":"the movies actually made from his novels, several others have also been sold for filming but never made; these include \"The Eagle and the Iron Cross\" (Sam Spiegel, 1968) and \"The Tin Lizzie Troop\" (Paul Newman, 1977), as well as a number of movie options, now lapsed, on his many stories. Besides a Hopwood Award and a Theatre Guild Award for his one play, Swarthout was twice nominated by his publishers for the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction (for \"They Came To Cordura\" by Random House and \"Bless The Beasts & Children\" by Doubleday), he received an O. Henry Prize Short","title":"Glendon Swarthout"},{"id":"10243630","text":"Stieg Larsson Karl Stig-Erland \"Stieg\" Larsson (; ; 15 August 1954 – 9 November 2004) was a Swedish journalist and writer. He is best known for writing the \"Millennium\" trilogy of crime novels, which were published posthumously and adapted as motion pictures. Larsson lived much of his life in Stockholm and worked there with socialist politics and journalism, including as an independent researcher of right-wing extremism. He was the second best-selling author in the world for 2008, behind Khaled Hosseini. The third novel in the \"Millennium\" trilogy, \"The Girl Who Kicked the Hornets' Nest\", became the most sold book in","title":"Stieg Larsson"},{"id":"1621679","text":"a subversive commingling of high and low culture. In 1973, he published \"Gravity's Rainbow\", a leading work in this genre, which won the National Book Award and was unanimously nominated for the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction that year. His other major works include his debut, \"V.\" (1963), \"The Crying of Lot 49\" (1966), \"Mason & Dixon\" (1997), and \"Against the Day\" (2006). Toni Morrison, recipient of the Nobel Prize for Literature, writing in a distinctive lyrical prose style, published her controversial debut novel, \"The Bluest Eye\", to critical acclaim in 1970. Coming on the heels of the signing of the","title":"American literature"},{"id":"211152","text":"Wasted\" (1990): Rabbit novels Bech books Buchanan books Eastwick books \"The Scarlet Letter\" Trilogy Other novels Books edited by Updike Short Story Collections Poetry Non-fiction, essays and criticism John Updike John Hoyer Updike (March 18, 1932 – January 27, 2009) was an American novelist, poet, short-story writer, art critic, and literary critic. One of only three writers to win the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction more than once (the others were Booth Tarkington and William Faulkner), Updike published more than twenty novels, more than a dozen short-story collections, as well as poetry, art and literary criticism and children's books during his","title":"John Updike"},{"id":"3418636","text":"A. R. Gurney Albert Ramsdell Gurney Jr. (November 1, 1930 – June 13, 2017), as pen name A. R. Gurney (sometimes credited as Pete Gurney) was an American playwright, novelist and academic. He is known for works including \"The Dining Room\" (1982), \"Sweet Sue\" (1986/7), and \"The Cocktail Hour\" (1988), and for his Pulitzer Prize nominated play \"Love Letters\". His series of plays about upper-class WASP life in contemporary America have been called \"penetratingly witty studies of the WASP ascendancy in retreat.\" Gurney was born on November 1, 1930 in Buffalo, New York to Albert Ramsdell Gurney, Sr. (1896-1977), who","title":"A. R. Gurney"},{"id":"6683643","text":"as Irving Berlin, Cole Porter, and Stephen Sondheim have become pop standards. Playwright Eugene O'Neill won the Nobel literature prize in 1936; other acclaimed U.S. dramatists include multiple Pulitzer Prize winners Tennessee Williams, Edward Albee, and August Wilson. Choreographers Isadora Duncan and Martha Graham helped create modern dance, while George Balanchine and Jerome Robbins were leaders in 20th-century ballet. Although little known at the time, Charles Ives's work of the 1910s established him as the first major U.S. composer in the classical tradition, while experimentalists such as Henry Cowell and John Cage created a distinctive American approach to classical composition.","title":"United States"},{"id":"902450","text":"Harold Pinter Harold Pinter (; 10 October 1930 – 24 December 2008) was a Nobel Prize-winning British playwright, screenwriter, director and actor. One of the most influential modern British dramatists, his writing career spanned more than 50 years. His best-known plays include \"The Birthday Party\" (1957), \"The Homecoming\" (1964), and \"Betrayal\" (1978), each of which he adapted for the screen. His screenplay adaptations of others' works include \"The Servant\" (1963), \"The Go-Between\" (1971), \"The French Lieutenant's Woman\" (1981), \"The Trial\" (1993), and \"Sleuth\" (2007). He also directed or acted in radio, stage, television, and film productions of his own and","title":"Harold Pinter"},{"id":"9913569","text":"Mark Lee (American author) Mark W. Lee is an American novelist, children's book writer, poet and playwright. He has worked as a war correspondent and some of these real-life experiences have appeared in his fiction. Lee was born in Minneapolis, Minnesota. He attended Yale University where he became friends with the Pulitzer prize winning poet and novelist Robert Penn Warren. Lee dedicated his first novel to Warren. After graduating from Yale in 1973, Lee lived in New York City for several years where he worked as a taxi driver, a language teacher and a security guard. In New York, he","title":"Mark Lee (American author)"},{"id":"9497717","text":"giving the company its new name, Farrar, Straus and Giroux (FSG). Robert Lowell's book of poems, \"For the Union Dead\" (1964) was the first book to bear his imprint. He became company's chairman in 1973. Among the writers Giroux discovered or developed at FSG were Jack Kerouac, John Berryman, Jean Stafford, Bernard Malamud, Thomas Merton, Flannery O'Connor, Isaac Bashevis Singer, Carl Sandburg, Elizabeth Bishop, Katherine Anne Porter, Walker Percy, Donald Barthelme, Grace Paley, Derek Walcott and William Golding. By 2000, FSG books had won 29 literary awards, as well as a dozen Pulitzer Prizes and 20 Nobel Prizes. Giroux worked","title":"Robert Giroux"},{"id":"12356923","text":"writer for \"The New Yorker\", \"She's a cute, talented, lost \"enfante\", and I'm tempted to accommodate her, \"pour le sport\".\" In the 1940s, Salinger confided to several people that he was working on a novel featuring Holden Caulfield, the teenage protagonist of his short story \"Slight Rebellion off Madison\", and \"The Catcher in the Rye\" was published on July 16, 1951, by Little, Brown and Company. The novel's plot is simple, detailing 16-year-old Holden's experiences in New York City following his expulsion and departure from an elite college preparatory school. Not only was he expelled from his current school, he","title":"J. D. Salinger"},{"id":"1602431","text":"who was inspired by Capote's memories of Lee as a child, was played by Aubrey Dollar. Harper Lee Nelle Harper Lee (April 28, 1926February 19, 2016) was an American novelist widely known for \"To Kill a Mockingbird\", published in 1960. Immediately successful, it won the 1961 Pulitzer Prize and has become a classic of modern American literature. Though Lee had only published this single book, in 2007 she was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom for her contribution to literature. Additionally, Lee received numerous honorary degrees, though she declined to speak on those occasions. She was also known for assisting","title":"Harper Lee"},{"id":"721404","text":"1920s to work in a variety of jobs including errand boy, bookies' runner and inventory clerk in a grocer's. He was employed by Universal Pictures from 1940 to 1957, starting off as a clerk but attaining promotion to executive level. His first book was \"Never Love a Stranger\" (1948). \"The Dream Merchants\" (1949) was a novel about the American film industry, from its beginning to the sound era. As usual, Robbins blended his own life experiences with history, melodrama, sex, and glossy high society into a fast-moving story. His 1952 novel, \"A Stone for Danny Fisher,\" was adapted into a","title":"Harold Robbins"},{"id":"2421376","text":"Margaret Widdemer Margaret Widdemer (September 30, 1884 – July 14, 1978) was an American poet and novelist. She won the Pulitzer Prize (known then as the Columbia University Prize) in 1919 for her collection \"The Old Road to Paradise\", shared with Carl Sandburg for \"Cornhuskers\". Margaret Widdemer was born in Doylestown, Pennsylvania, and grew up in Asbury Park, New Jersey, where her father, Howard T. Widdemer, was a minister of the First Congregational Church. She graduated from the Drexel Institute Library School in 1909. She first came to public attention with her poem \"The Factories\", which treated the subject of","title":"Margaret Widdemer"},{"id":"13369147","text":"his extraordinary endowment. In January 2015, it was announced that he will write the screenplays for the sequels to \"Beetlejuice\" and \"Gremlins\". Through Katzsmith Productions, Grahame-Smith and Katzenberg are currently developing a number of projects for television and film. Seth Grahame-Smith Seth Grahame-Smith (born Seth Jared Greenberg; January 4, 1976) is an American novelist, film director, film producer, and screenwriter. He is best known as the author of \"The New York Times\" best-selling novels \"Pride and Prejudice and Zombies\" and \"Abraham Lincoln, Vampire Hunter\", both of which have been adapted as feature films. Grahame-Smith is also the co-creator, head writer","title":"Seth Grahame-Smith"},{"id":"19459373","text":"London, Washington, New York and St. Louis. While the precipitating event for the publication of \"\"WE\"\" was the solo non-stop flight from New York to Paris, Lindbergh's account of this takes up only 18 pages (pp. 213–230) in the book which is mostly about his life before May 20, 1927. It would not be until Lindbergh wrote his Pulitzer Prize winning \"The Spirit of St. Louis\" a quarter-of-a-century later in 1953 that he provided a first hand book length account of the flight itself. Reviews for the book were generally positive although expressed disappointment that so little of the text","title":"\"WE\" (1927 book)"},{"id":"5550944","text":"A Fable A Fable is a 1954 novel written by the American author William Faulkner. He spent more than a decade and tremendous effort on it, and aspired for it to be \"the best work of my life and maybe of my time\". It won the Pulitzer Prize and the National Book Award, but critical reviews were mixed and it is considered one of Faulkner's lesser works. Historically, it can be seen as a precursor to Joseph Heller's \"Catch-22\". The book takes place in France during World War I and stretches through the course of one week in 1918. Corporal","title":"A Fable"},{"id":"20202089","text":"Thomas P. Cullinan Thomas P. Cullinan (November 4, 1919 – June 11, 1995) was an American novelist and playwright, as well as a writer for television. He is perhaps best known for his 1966 novel \"The Beguiled\", which was made into two films of the same name, in 1971 and again in 2017. Cullinan was born and raised in Cleveland, Ohio, in an Irish Catholic family. He graduated from Cathedral Latin High School in 1938, and later attended Case Western Reserve University. In addition to \"The Beguiled\" (1966), Cullinan's novel about the American Civil War, he wrote three novels—\"The Besieged\"","title":"Thomas P. Cullinan"},{"id":"15631925","text":"including Cummings, Crane, H.D., Hemingway, and Toomer. The two Faulkner novels (\"Soldiers' Pay\" and \"Mosquitoes\") are considered among the lesser works of the Nobel prize-winner but still contain modernist devices (such as stream of consciousness) that reflect the direction he took in later fiction. The one exception to this risk-taking investment was Eugene O'Neill. While most of Liveright's avant-garde publications failed to earn out their advances during the 1920s (Hart Crane would die $210 in debt to the house), O'Neill's plays were frequently amongst the firm's top-selling books. After winning the Pulitzer Prize for \"Beyond the Horizon\" in 1920, the","title":"Boni & Liveright"},{"id":"5714535","text":"R. W. B. Lewis Richard Warrington Baldwin Lewis (November 1, 1917 in Chicago, Illinois - June 13, 2002 in Bethany, Connecticut) was an American literary scholar and critic. He gained a wider reputation when he won a 1976 Pulitzer Prize for Biography or Autobiography, the first National Book Critics Circle Award for nonfiction, and a Bancroft Prize for his biography of Edith Wharton. \"The New York Times\" called the book \"a beautifully wrought, rounded portrait of the whole woman, including the part of her that remained in shade during her life\" and said that the \"expansive, elegant biography ... can","title":"R. W. B. Lewis"},{"id":"13094263","text":"Philipp Meyer Philipp Meyer (born January 5, 1974) is an American fiction writer, and is the author of the novels \"American Rust\" and \"The Son\", as well as short stories published in The New Yorker and other places. Meyer also created and produced the AMC television show (also called \"The Son\") based on his novel. Meyer won the 2009 Los Angeles Times Book Prize, was the recipient of a 2010 Guggenheim Fellowship and was a finalist for the 2014 Pulitzer Prize. He won the 2014 Lucien Barrière prize in France and the 2015 Prix Littérature-Monde Prize in France. In 2017","title":"Philipp Meyer"},{"id":"6109397","text":"Tenderloin (musical) Tenderloin is a musical with a book by George Abbott and Jerome Weidman, lyrics by Sheldon Harnick, and music by Jerry Bock, their follow-up to the highly successful Pulitzer Prize-winning \"Fiorello!\" a year earlier. The musical is based on a 1959 novel by Samuel Hopkins Adams. Set in the Tenderloin, a red-light district in 1890s Manhattan, the show's story focuses on Reverend Brock, a character loosely based on American clergyman and social reformer Charles Henry Parkhurst. After six previews, the Broadway production, directed by Abbott and choreographed by Joe Layton, opened on October 17, 1960 at the 46th","title":"Tenderloin (musical)"},{"id":"2322944","text":"Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 1997; Trinity College (Connecticut), Hartford, Connecticut, 1998; The George Washington University, Washington, D.C., 2001 (Hon. D.Litt.). Herman Wouk Herman Wouk (; born May 27, 1915) is an American author. His 1951 novel \"The Caine Mutiny\" won the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction. His other works include \"The Winds of War\" and \"War and Remembrance\", historical novels about World War II, and non-fiction such as \"This Is My God\", a popular explanation of Judaism from a Modern Orthodox perspective, written for Jewish and non-Jewish audiences. His books have been translated into 27 languages. \"The Washington Post\" called Wouk,","title":"Herman Wouk"},{"id":"13072010","text":"of numerous authors, serving as an adviser while agreeing to publish the work of several influential authors. By the time she died, 27 Knopf authors had won the Pulitzer Prize and 16 the Nobel Prize. Knopf also worked closely with many American writers, including John Updike, Carl Van Vechten, Willa Cather, H.L. Mencken, Dashiell Hammett and Langston Hughes. Knopf helped Carl Van Vechten launch writers of the Harlem Renaissance including Langston Hughes and Nella Larson. According to her biography by Laura Claridge she \"legitimized the genre of hard-boiled detective fiction\" with authors such as Dashiell Hammet, Raymond Chandler and Ross","title":"Blanche Knopf"},{"id":"51090","text":"prize, and a winner is chosen. Unlike the real Man Booker (1969 through 2014), writers from outside the Commonwealth are also considered. In 2008, the winner for 1948 was Alan Paton's \"Cry, the Beloved Country\", beating Norman Mailer's \"The Naked and the Dead\", Graham Greene's \"The Heart of the Matter\" and Evelyn Waugh's \"The Loved One\". In 2015, the winner for 1915 was Ford Madox Ford's \"The Good Soldier\", beating \"The Thirty-Nine Steps\" (John Buchan), \"Of Human Bondage\" (W. Somerset Maugham), \"Psmith, Journalist\" (P. G. Wodehouse) and \"The Voyage Out\" (Virginia Woolf). Booker Prize The Man Booker Prize for Fiction","title":"Booker Prize"},{"id":"478785","text":"performed in the original Broadway casts of Ferber's plays \"Dinner at Eight\" and \"Stage Door\". Ferber died at her home in New York City, of stomach cancer, at the age of 82. Edna Ferber Edna Ferber (August 15, 1885 – April 16, 1968) was an American novelist, short story writer and playwright. Her novels included the Pulitzer Prize-winning \"So Big\" (1924), \"Show Boat\" (1926; made into the celebrated 1927 musical), \"Cimarron\" (1929; made into the 1931 film which won the Academy Award for Best Picture), \"Giant\" (1952; made into the 1956 Hollywood movie) and \"Ice Palace\" (1958), filmed in 1960.","title":"Edna Ferber"},{"id":"1811155","text":"Brautigan, Emile Norman and Jack Kerouac. Big Sur acquired a bohemian reputation with these newcomers. Kerouac followed Miller to Big Sur and included the rugged coast in large parts of two of his novels. He spent a few days in early 1960 at fellow poet Lawrence Ferlinghetti's cabin in Bixby Canyon and based his novel \"Big Sur\" on his time there. Well-known individuals have called Big Sur home, including diplomats Nicholas Roosevelt, famed architects Nathaniel A. Owings and Philip Johnson, Nobel Prize winner Linus Pauling, show business celebrities Kim Novak and Allen Funt, and business executives Ted Turner and David","title":"Big Sur"},{"id":"1602406","text":"outside immediately and pick up the pages,\" Shields wrote. When the novel was finally ready, the author opted to use the name \"Harper Lee\", rather than risk having her first name Nelle be misidentified as \"Nellie\". Published July 11, 1960, \"To Kill a Mockingbird\" was an immediate bestseller and won great critical acclaim, including the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction in 1961. It remains a bestseller, with more than 30 million copies in print. In 1999, it was voted \"Best Novel of the Century\" in a poll by the \"Library Journal\". Like Lee, the tomboy Scout of the novel is the","title":"Harper Lee"},{"id":"2547074","text":"James Salter James Arnold Horowitz (June 10, 1925 – June 19, 2015), better known as James Salter, his pen name and later-adopted legal name, was an American novelist and short-story writer. Originally a career officer and pilot in the United States Air Force, he resigned from the military in 1957 following the successful publication of his first novel, \"The Hunters\". After a brief career in film writing and film directing, in 1979 Salter published the novel \"Solo Faces\". He won numerous literary awards for his works, including belated recognition of works originally criticized at the time of their publication. His","title":"James Salter"},{"id":"50044","text":"William Blake produced an entire cycle of illustrations for the book. Writers Job has inspired or influenced include John Milton (\"Samson Agonistes\"), Dostoevsky (\"The Brothers Karamazov\"), Franz Kafka (\"The Trial\"), Carl Jung (\"Answer to Job\"), Joseph Roth (\"Job\"), and Bernard Malamud. Archibald MacLeish's drama, \"JB\", one of the most prominent uses of the Book of Job in modern literature, was awarded the Pulitzer Prize in 1959. Job's influence can also be seen in the Coen brothers' 2009 film, \"A Serious Man\", which was nominated for two Academy Awards. Terrence Malick's 2011 film \"The Tree of Life\", which won the Palme","title":"Book of Job"},{"id":"10310340","text":"Jack Trevor Story Memorial Cup include Fred Normandale, Steve Aylett, Nicholas Lezard and Howard Waldrop. Jack Trevor Story Jack Trevor Story (30 March 1917 – 5 December 1991) was a British novelist, publishing prolifically from the 1940s to the 1970s. His best-known works are the comic mystery \"The Trouble with Harry\" (which was adapted for the 1955 Alfred Hitchcock film of the same name), the Albert Argyle trilogy (\"Live Now, Pay Later\", \"Something for Nothing\" and \"The Urban District Lover\"), and his Horace Spurgeon novels (\"I Sit in Hanger Lane\", \"One Last Mad Embrace\", \"Hitler Needs You\"). He also wrote","title":"Jack Trevor Story"},{"id":"460942","text":"until receiving the 1949 Nobel Prize in Literature, for which he became the only Mississippi-born Nobel winner. Two of his works, \"A Fable\" (1954) and his last novel \"The Reivers\" (1962), won the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction. In 1998, the Modern Library ranked his 1929 novel \"The Sound and the Fury\" sixth on its list of the 100 best English-language novels of the 20th century; also on the list were \"As I Lay Dying\" (1930) and \"Light in August\" (1932). \"Absalom, Absalom!\" (1936) appears on similar lists. Born William Cuthbert Falkner in New Albany, Mississippi, William Faulkner was the first","title":"William Faulkner"},{"id":"211092","text":"John Updike John Hoyer Updike (March 18, 1932 – January 27, 2009) was an American novelist, poet, short-story writer, art critic, and literary critic. One of only three writers to win the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction more than once (the others were Booth Tarkington and William Faulkner), Updike published more than twenty novels, more than a dozen short-story collections, as well as poetry, art and literary criticism and children's books during his career. Hundreds of his stories, reviews, and poems appeared in \"The New Yorker\" starting in 1954. He also wrote regularly for \"The New York Review of Books\". His","title":"John Updike"},{"id":"12248981","text":"The Great Consoler The Great Consoler (, translit. Velikiy uteshitel) is a 1933 Soviet drama film directed by Lev Kuleshov and starring Konstantin Khokhlov. The film is based on the facts from the biography of the American writer O. Henry and on his two novels. Saleswoman Dulcie dreams of a better, beautiful world. Her dreams are based on the stories of writer Bill Porter, who became victim of a judicial verdict and began his literary career in prison. No special misdemeanors are attributed to him and he even enjoys the right of free movement. The administration appreciates the writer because","title":"The Great Consoler"},{"id":"937619","text":"a raw food diet of predominantly vegetables and nuts. For long periods of time, he was a complete vegetarian, but he also experimented with eating meat. His attitude to these matters was fully explained in the chapter, \"The Use of Meat\", in the above-mentioned book. Fiction Autobiographical Non-fiction Drama As editor Upton Sinclair Upton Beall Sinclair Jr. (September 20, 1878 – November 25, 1968) was an American writer who wrote nearly 100 books and other works in several genres. Sinclair's work was well known and popular in the first half of the 20th century, and he won the Pulitzer Prize","title":"Upton Sinclair"},{"id":"7503567","text":"William Heffernan William Heffernan (born August 22, 1940) is an American novelist born in New Haven, Connecticut. Before becoming a novelist, Heffernan was an investigative reporter for the \"New York Daily News\". For that work he was thrice nominated for a Pulitzer Prize. Heffernan left journalism in 1978 after receiving his first book contract for the novel \"Broderick\". He won the Heywood Broun Award twice, received the Robert F. Kennedy Journalism Award and has received a number of other local, state and regional honors. William Heffernan has received the Edgar Award, is a member of the Authors Guild, The Mystery","title":"William Heffernan"},{"id":"5714545","text":"Gress. R. W. B. Lewis Richard Warrington Baldwin Lewis (November 1, 1917 in Chicago, Illinois - June 13, 2002 in Bethany, Connecticut) was an American literary scholar and critic. He gained a wider reputation when he won a 1976 Pulitzer Prize for Biography or Autobiography, the first National Book Critics Circle Award for nonfiction, and a Bancroft Prize for his biography of Edith Wharton. \"The New York Times\" called the book \"a beautifully wrought, rounded portrait of the whole woman, including the part of her that remained in shade during her life\" and said that the \"expansive, elegant biography ...","title":"R. W. B. Lewis"},{"id":"12248984","text":"actors would totally replicate the results on screen. The Great Consoler The Great Consoler (, translit. Velikiy uteshitel) is a 1933 Soviet drama film directed by Lev Kuleshov and starring Konstantin Khokhlov. The film is based on the facts from the biography of the American writer O. Henry and on his two novels. Saleswoman Dulcie dreams of a better, beautiful world. Her dreams are based on the stories of writer Bill Porter, who became victim of a judicial verdict and began his literary career in prison. No special misdemeanors are attributed to him and he even enjoys the right of","title":"The Great Consoler"},{"id":"14496711","text":"Norb Vonnegut Norb Vonnegut (born April 24, 1958) is an American author of Wall Street thrillers and a financial commentator on his blog entitled \"Acrimoney\". He attended Phillips Exeter Academy, and received bachelor's and Master of Business Administration degrees from Harvard University. His business career began in the Philippines and took him to Australia, South Carolina, and Rhode Island before he settled into the wealth management profession in New York City. Vonnegut's first novel, \"Top Producer\", earned a \"Publishers Weekly\" starred review and interview as well as positive reviews on the NBC \"Today\" show and in \"USA Today\". On September","title":"Norb Vonnegut"},{"id":"17735827","text":"Nobel Prize for Literature, taught poetry at Boston University. Pulitzer Prize winner Cormac McCarthy, whose novel \"No Country for Old Men\" was made into the Academy Award for Best Picture winning film in 2007, was born in Providence, although he moved to Tennessee when he was a boy. New York Times Bestselling author Dennis Lehane, another native of the Boston area, who was born in Dorchester, wrote the novels that were adapted into the films \"Mystic River\", \"Gone Baby Gone\" and \"Shutter Island\". Largely on the strength of its local writers, Boston was for some years the center of the","title":"Culture of New England"},{"id":"1341148","text":"In 2001, \"The Human Stain\" was awarded the United Kingdom's WH Smith Literary Award for the best book of the year. In 2002, he was awarded the National Book Foundation Medal for Distinguished Contribution to American Letters. Literary critic Harold Bloom has named him as one of the four major American novelists still at work, along with Thomas Pynchon, Don DeLillo, and Cormac McCarthy. His 2004 novel \"The Plot Against America\" won the Sidewise Award for Alternate History in 2005 as well as the Society of American Historians’ James Fenimore Cooper Prize. Roth was also awarded the United Kingdom's WH","title":"Philip Roth"},{"id":"1621683","text":"film. Don DeLillo, who rose to literary prominence with the publication of his 1985 novel, \"White Noise\", a work broaching the subjects of death and consumerism and doubling as a piece of comic social criticism, began his writing career in 1971 with \"Americana\". He is listed by Harold Bloom as being among the preeminent contemporary American writers, in the company of such figures as Philip Roth, Cormac McCarthy, and Thomas Pynchon. His 1997 novel \"Underworld\" chronicles American life through and immediately after the Cold War and is usually considered his masterpiece. It was also the runner-up in a survey that","title":"American literature"},{"id":"3208441","text":"by three Nobel Laureates: Harold Pinter, Samuel Beckett, and T. S. Eliot. Other playwrights subsequently joined Faber, including Alan Ayckbourn, Alan Bennett, Brian Friel, Tony Harrison, David Hare, Frank McGuinness, and Timberlake Wertenbaker. Modern writers such as Kazuo Ishiguro, Peter Carey, Orhan Pamuk, and Barbara Kingsolver also joined Faber. Having published the theatrical works of Samuel Beckett for several years, the company acquired the rights to the remainder of his oeuvre from the publishing house of John Calder in 2007. Faber announced in October 2011 that Jarvis Cocker, lead singer of the band Pulp, would be joining as editor-at-large, an","title":"Faber and Faber"},{"id":"624087","text":"Thornton Wilder Thornton Niven Wilder (April 17, 1897 – December 7, 1975) was an American playwright and novelist. He won three Pulitzer Prizes—for the novel \"The Bridge of San Luis Rey\", and for the plays \"Our Town\" and \"The Skin of Our Teeth\" — and a U.S. National Book Award for the novel \"The Eighth Day\". Wilder was born in Madison, Wisconsin, the son of Amos Parker Wilder, a newspaper editor and U.S. diplomat, and Isabella Niven Wilder. All of the Wilder children spent part of their childhood in China. His older brother, Amos Niven Wilder, became Hollis Professor of","title":"Thornton Wilder"},{"id":"2322925","text":"Herman Wouk Herman Wouk (; born May 27, 1915) is an American author. His 1951 novel \"The Caine Mutiny\" won the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction. His other works include \"The Winds of War\" and \"War and Remembrance\", historical novels about World War II, and non-fiction such as \"This Is My God\", a popular explanation of Judaism from a Modern Orthodox perspective, written for Jewish and non-Jewish audiences. His books have been translated into 27 languages. \"The Washington Post\" called Wouk, who cherishes his privacy, \"the reclusive dean of American historical novelists.\" Historians, novelists, publishers, and critics who gathered at the","title":"Herman Wouk"},{"id":"3281739","text":"Anne Tyler Anne Tyler (born October 25, 1941) is an American novelist, short story writer, and literary critic. She has published 22 novels, the best known of which are \"Dinner at the Homesick Restaurant\" (1982), \"The Accidental Tourist\" (1985), and \"Breathing Lessons\" (1988). All three were finalists for the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction with \"Breathing Lessons\" winning the prize in 1989. She has also won the Janet Heidinger Kafka Prize, the Ambassador Book Award, and the National Book Critics Circle Award. In 2012 she was awarded \"The Sunday Times\" Award for Literary Excellence. Tyler’s twentieth novel, A Spool of Blue","title":"Anne Tyler"},{"id":"20895377","text":"Alexandra Styron Claire Alexandra Styron known as Alexandra Styron, is an American author and professor. Styron is the youngest child of author William Styron and poet and human rights activist Rose Burgunder. She grew up in Roxbury, Connecticut, and in Martha’s Vineyard. Styron attended Barnard College, and later the MFA Creative Writing program at Columbia University. After a brief stint as an actress, Styron turned to writing and is the author of several books. Her most-noted work, 2011 memoir \"Reading My Father,\" detailed her life growing up with the Pulitzer Prize-winning novelist and explored his decades-long struggle with major clinical","title":"Alexandra Styron"},{"id":"4651591","text":"important works by European writers such as \"The Tin Drum\" by Günter Grass, who would later receive a Nobel Prize for his work; \"Madness and Civilization\" by Michel Foucault, \"The Lover\" by Marguerite Duras, and \"Adieux\" by Simone de Beauvoir. By the late 1960s, Pantheon started to bring American writers such as Noam Chomsky, James Loewen and Studs Terkel to European readers. In 1965, RCA bought Random House. Throughout the 1970s, Pantheon continued to publish intellectual and often leftist works of fiction and nonfiction \"without a profit-and-loss sheet in sight\". In other words, Pantheon editors prided themselves on subsidizing the","title":"Pantheon Books"},{"id":"1341147","text":"by Philip Roth just knocked me on my ass... To be in his sixties making work that is so strong, so full of revelations about love and emotional pain, that's the way to live your artistic life. Sustain, sustain, sustain.\" (The above four books are collected as \"Zuckerman Bound\") Two of Roth's works won the National Book Award for Fiction; four others were finalists. Two won National Book Critics Circle awards; again, another five were finalists. He has also won three PEN/Faulkner Awards (\"Operation Shylock,\" \"The Human Stain,\" and \"Everyman\") and a Pulitzer Prize for his 1997 novel, \"American Pastoral\".","title":"Philip Roth"},{"id":"17889459","text":"that the public has a role in government.\" Other journalism honored included the \"Boston Globe\"s coverage of the Boston Marathon bombings, Chris Hamby for investigative reporting, and Eli Saslow for explanatory reporting. \"The Goldfinch\" by Donna Tartt won the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction. The judges described the novel, which took Tartt 11 years to write, as \"a beautifully written coming-of-age novel with exquisitely drawn characters\". In addition to the award itself, Tartt received a $100,000 cash prize. She said she was \"surprised\" and \"very happy\" to receive the award, her first major literary prize. Over all, the novel has drawn","title":"2014 Pulitzer Prize"},{"id":"12639078","text":"between August and September 1994. The film was released a few days before the premiere of \"Scarlett\", the sequel of \"Gone with the Wind\". A Burning Passion: The Margaret Mitchell Story A Burning Passion: The Margaret Mitchell Story is a 1994 biographical television film directed by Larry Peerce. The film is about the Pulitzer Prize-winning novel writer Margaret Mitchell, who landed to fame when she wrote \"Gone with the Wind\". The film was praised by critics, with them especially complimenting Memphis, Tennessee-born Shannen Doherty's Old Southern accent. Margaret grows up to become a respectable lady in the South, just like","title":"A Burning Passion: The Margaret Mitchell Story"},{"id":"417803","text":"authoritarianism and communalism, and the nexus between resistance and complicity, but with a typically Pynchonian sense of humor. In 1988, he received a MacArthur Fellowship and, since the early 1990s at least, he has been frequently cited as a contender for the Nobel Prize in Literature. American literary critic Harold Bloom named him as one of the four major American novelists of his time, along with Don DeLillo, Philip Roth, and Cormac McCarthy. Pynchon's fifth novel, \"Mason & Dixon\", was published in 1997, though it had been a work in progress since at least January 1975. The meticulously researched novel","title":"Thomas Pynchon"},{"id":"16875537","text":"Edwin Mullhouse Edwin Mullhouse: The Life and Death of an American Writer 1943-1954, by Jeffrey Cartwright is the critically acclaimed debut novel by American author Steven Millhauser, published in 1972 and written in the form of a biography of a fictitious person by a fictitious author. It was Millhauser's best known novel until the publication of his Pulitzer Prize-winning \"Martin Dressler\" in 1997, and according to Patrick McGrath writing in \"The New York Times\" it is his best work. \"Edwin Mullhouse\" is described by \"Publishers Weekly\" as a 'cult novel'. Jeffrey Cartwright plays Boswell to Edwin Mullhouse's Johnson, and writes","title":"Edwin Mullhouse"},{"id":"4726431","text":"Delia Ephron Delia Ephron ( ; born July 12, 1944) is an American bestselling author, screenwriter, and playwright. Ephron was born in New York City, the second eldest of four daughters of screenwriters Phoebe and Henry Ephron. She is Jewish. Her movies include \"You've Got Mail\", \"The Sisterhood of the Traveling Pants\", \"Hanging Up\" (based on her novel), and \"Michael\". She has written novels for adults (\"Hanging Up\" and the recent \"The Lion Is In\") and teenagers (\"Frannie in Pieces\" and \"The Girl with the Mermaid Hair\"), books of humor, (\"How to Eat Like a Child\"), and essays. Her journalism","title":"Delia Ephron"},{"id":"4281558","text":"1919. After a brief career as an actor, he became a novelist in his early twenties with the publication of \"Monday Morning\" (1925), written when he was nineteen. \"Craven House\" (1926) and \"Twopence Coloured\" (1928) followed, but his first real success was the play \"Rope\" (1929, known as \"Rope's End\" in America). \"The Midnight Bell\" (1929) is based upon Hamilton's falling in love with a prostitute and was later published along with \"The Siege of Pleasure\" (1932) and \"The Plains of Cement\" (1934) as the semi-autobiographical trilogy \"Twenty Thousand Streets Under the Sky\" (1935). Hamilton disliked many aspects of modern","title":"Patrick Hamilton (writer)"},{"id":"7503568","text":"Writers of America, and was once President of the International Association of Crime Writers. The film rights for \"The Dinosaur Club\" were sold to Warner Bros in 1997 for $1 million. William Heffernan William Heffernan (born August 22, 1940) is an American novelist born in New Haven, Connecticut. Before becoming a novelist, Heffernan was an investigative reporter for the \"New York Daily News\". For that work he was thrice nominated for a Pulitzer Prize. Heffernan left journalism in 1978 after receiving his first book contract for the novel \"Broderick\". He won the Heywood Broun Award twice, received the Robert F.","title":"William Heffernan"},{"id":"1602397","text":"Harper Lee Nelle Harper Lee (April 28, 1926February 19, 2016) was an American novelist widely known for \"To Kill a Mockingbird\", published in 1960. Immediately successful, it won the 1961 Pulitzer Prize and has become a classic of modern American literature. Though Lee had only published this single book, in 2007 she was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom for her contribution to literature. Additionally, Lee received numerous honorary degrees, though she declined to speak on those occasions. She was also known for assisting her close friend Truman Capote in his research for the book \"In Cold Blood\" (1966). Capote","title":"Harper Lee"},{"id":"4932941","text":"In \"Slaughterhouse-Five\", Kurt Vonnegut has Billy Pilgrim in a Manhattan radio studio amongst a group of literary critics there \"to discuss whether the novel was dead or not.\" \"One of them said that it would be a fine time to bury the novel now that a Virginian, one hundred years after Appomattox, had written \"Uncle Tom's Cabin\" – \"a reference to Styron's novel. Bill Clinton has cited the novel as one of his favorite books. The Confessions of Nat Turner The Confessions of Nat Turner is a 1967 Pulitzer Prize-winning novel by U.S. writer William Styron. Presented as a first-person","title":"The Confessions of Nat Turner"},{"id":"3700184","text":"for a film, but eventually became a television series instead. \"A Journey to Matecumbe\" was adapted in 1976 as the Disney movie \"Treasure of Matecumbe\". His novel \"Professor Fodorski\" served as the basis for the 1962 musical \"All American\". Taylor died on September 30, 1998, six days after his 86th birthday. Robert Lewis Taylor Robert Lewis Taylor (September 24, 1912 – September 30, 1998) was an American writer and winner of the 1959 Pulitzer Prize for Fiction. Born in Carbondale, Illinois, Taylor attended Southern Illinois University for one year. The university now houses his papers. He graduated from the University","title":"Robert Lewis Taylor"},{"id":"15087319","text":"Julia Cheiffetz Julia Cheiffetz (born September 18, 1978) is an Executive Editor at HarperCollins, a division of News Corporation. She has published Harold Bloom, Stanley Fish, Greg Graffin, Erica Jong, Gayle Tzemach Lemmon, Stephen Marche, Cass Sunstein, Jessica Valenti, and Sam Wasson, whose breakout bestseller \"Fifth Avenue, 5 A.M.\" was widely acclaimed. In 2008 Cheiffetz acquired \"Devil in the Grove\" by Gilbert King which won the 2013 Pulitzer Prize for Nonfiction and was called \"a richly detailed chronicle of racial injustice\" by the Pulitzer committee. The film adaptation is currently in development. In 2014 Cheiffetz commissioned and edited the \"New","title":"Julia Cheiffetz"},{"id":"4112975","text":"David McCullough David Gaub McCullough (; born July 7, 1933) is an American author, narrator, historian, and lecturer. He is a two-time winner of the Pulitzer Prize and the National Book Award and a recipient of the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the United States' highest civilian award. Born and raised in Pittsburgh, McCullough earned a degree in English literature from Yale University. His first book was \"The Johnstown Flood\" (1968); and he has since written nine more on such topics as Harry S. Truman, John Adams, the Brooklyn Bridge, and the Wright brothers. McCullough has also narrated numerous documentaries, such","title":"David McCullough"},{"id":"3674033","text":"Robert Stone (novelist) Robert Stone (August 21, 1937 – January 10, 2015) was an American novelist. He was twice a finalist for the Pulitzer Prize and once for the PEN/Faulkner Award. Stone was five times a finalist for the National Book Award for Fiction, which he did receive in 1975 for his novel \"Dog Soldiers\". \"Time\" magazine included this novel in its list \"TIME 100 Best English-language Novels from 1923 to 2005\". \"Dog Soldiers\" was adapted into the film \"Who'll Stop the Rain\" (1978) starring Nick Nolte, from a script that Stone co-wrote. During his lifetime Stone received material support","title":"Robert Stone (novelist)"},{"id":"3309968","text":"The novel uses several incidents from Drury's fifteen years in Washington as pegs for the story, about a controversial nominee for Secretary of State. Addressing the suggestion that the book was a \"roman à clef\", Drury wrote a very sharply worded preface which was only published in the new edition: The novel spent 102 weeks on \"The New York Times\" Best Seller list. It won the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction in 1960. It was adapted into a well-received Broadway play by Loring Mandel, who is known for a highly successful career writing for television. Otto Preminger directed an acclaimed 1962","title":"Allen Drury"},{"id":"551640","text":"Tennessee Williams Thomas Lanier \"Tennessee\" Williams III (March 26, 1911 – February 25, 1983) was an American playwright. Along with contemporaries Eugene O'Neill and Arthur Miller, he is considered among the three foremost playwrights of 20th-century American drama. After years of obscurity, at age 33 he became suddenly famous with the success of \"The Glass Menagerie\" (1944) in New York City. This play closely reflected his own unhappy family background. It was the first of a string of successes, including \"A Streetcar Named Desire\" (1947), \"Cat on a Hot Tin Roof\" (1955), and \"Sweet Bird of Youth\" (1959). With his","title":"Tennessee Williams"},{"id":"1672822","text":"John O'Hara John Henry O'Hara (January 31, 1905 – April 11, 1970) was an American writer who earned his early literary reputation for short stories and became a best-selling novelist before the age of 30 with \"Appointment in Samarra\" and \"BUtterfield 8\". His work stands out among that of contemporaries for its unvarnished realism. While O'Hara's legacy as a writer is debated, his champions rank him highly among the underappreciated and unjustly neglected major American writers of the 20th century. Few college students educated after O'Hara's death in 1970 have discovered him, chiefly because he refused to allow his work","title":"John O'Hara"},{"id":"1575612","text":"Norman Mailer Norman Kingsley Mailer (January 31, 1923 – November 10, 2007) was an American novelist, journalist, essayist, playwright, film-maker, actor, and liberal political activist. His novel \"The Naked and the Dead\" was published in 1948 and brought him renown. His 1968 nonfiction novel \"Armies of the Night\" won the Pulitzer Prize for non-fiction as well as the National Book Award. His best-known work is widely considered to be \"The Executioner's Song\", the 1979 winner of the Pulitzer Prize for fiction. In over six decades of work, Mailer had eleven best selling books in each of the seven decades after","title":"Norman Mailer"},{"id":"3347747","text":"Charles Gilman Norris Chuck Gilman Norris (April 23, 1881 – July 25, 1945) was an American novelist. He was the brother of novelist Frank Norris, and the husband of author Kathleen Norris. A native of Chicago, Norris worked as a journalist for some years before finding success as a novelist and playwright. His first book was \"The Amateur\" (1916). His other novels include \"Salt\" (1919), \"Brass: A Novel of Marriage\" (1921), \"Bread\" (1923), \"Pig Iron\" (1926), \"Seed: A Novel of Birth Control\" (1930), \"Zest\" (1933), \"Hands\" (1935), and \"Flint\" (1944). Norris was well respected by his literary peers. In a","title":"Charles Gilman Norris"},{"id":"2095938","text":"James Bond film \"Tomorrow Never Dies\". Meyer adapted the Philip Roth novel \"The Human Stain\" into the 2003 film of the same name. In 2006, he teamed with Martin Scorsese to write the screenplay for Scorsese's adaptation of Edmund Morris's Pulitzer Prize winning biography of Theodore Roosevelt, \"The Rise of Theodore Roosevelt\". The story traces Roosevelt's early life. The two part, four hour, History Channel event miniseries, \"Houdini\", starring Adrien Brody, aired over Labor Day 2014. Meyer’s script was nominated for a WGA award and the series was nominated for seven Emmys. In 2016, he co-created the Italian-British series \"\"","title":"Nicholas Meyer"},{"id":"329298","text":"Pulitzer Prize The Pulitzer Prize is an award for achievements in newspaper, magazine and online journalism, literature, and musical composition in the United States. It was established in 1917 by provisions in the will of American (Hungarian-born) Joseph Pulitzer who had made his fortune as a newspaper publisher, and is administered by Columbia University in New York City. Prizes are awarded yearly in twenty-one categories. In twenty of the categories, each winner receives a certificate and a US$15,000 cash award (raised from $10,000 in 2017). The winner in the public service category of the journalism competition is awarded a gold","title":"Pulitzer Prize"},{"id":"12373008","text":"four-time winner of the Pulitzer Prize for drama and the only American playwright to win the Nobel Prize for literature. After O'Neill, American drama came of age and flourished with the likes of Arthur Miller, Tennessee Williams, Lillian Hellman, William Inge, and Clifford Odets during the first half of the twentieth century. After this fertile period, American theater broke new ground, artistically, with the absurdist forms of Edward Albee in the 1960s. Social commentary has also been a preoccupation of American theater, often addressing issues not discussed in the mainstream. Writers such as Lorraine Hansbury, August Wilson, David Mamet and","title":"Culture of the United States"},{"id":"1292595","text":"John P. Marquand John Phillips Marquand (November 10, 1893 – July 16, 1960) was an American writer. Originally best known for his Mr. Moto spy stories, he achieved popular success and critical respect for his satirical novels, winning a Pulitzer Prize for \"The Late George Apley\" in 1938. One of his abiding themes was the confining nature of life in America's upper class and among those who aspired to join it. Marquand treated those whose lives were bound by these unwritten codes with a characteristic mix of respect and satire. Marquand was the son of Philip Marquand and his wife","title":"John P. Marquand"},{"id":"2025861","text":"fine writers who, like Thomas Hardy, were not modernists. Novelists include: Rudyard Kipling (1865–1936), who was also a successful poet; H. G. Wells (1866–1946); John Galsworthy (1867–1933), (Nobel Prize in Literature, 1932), whose novels include \"The Forsyte Saga\" (1906–21); Arnold Bennett (1867–1931) author of \"The Old Wives' Tale\" (1908); G. K. Chesterton (1874–1936); E.M. Forster (1879–1970). The most popular British writer of the early years of the 20th century was arguably Rudyard Kipling, a highly versatile writer of novels, short stories and poems, and to date the youngest ever recipient of the Nobel Prize for Literature (1907). H. G. Wells","title":"British literature"},{"id":"7518602","text":"Book Award. He edited \"Behold the Dreamers\" by Imbolo Imbue, winner of the 2017 PEN/Faulkner Award and the 2017 Oprah Book Club selection. Ebershoff has also edited writers such as Charles Bock, Jennifer duBois, Nobel Peace Prize-winner Shirin Ebadi, Academy Award-winning actress Diane Keaton, and Pulitzer Prize winners Sonia Nazario, Amy Ellis Nutt, Sebastian Smee, and Robert Massey. Ebershoff was Jane Jacobs's editor on her final two books and was Norman Mailer's editor for the last five years of his life. Working with Truman Capote's estate, he oversaw the Capote publications for Random House, and was the editor of \"The","title":"David Ebershoff"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"id\": \"7350891\",\n \"text\": \"of the Hollywood blacklist. Chase suffered a stroke on 12 December 1970. He died in March 1971. The Borden Chase cocktail is named after him. Borden Chase Borden Chase (January 11, 1900 – March 8, 1971) was an American writer. Born Frank Fowler, he left school at fourteen went through an assortment of jobs, including driving for gangster Frankie Yale and working as a sandhog on the construction of New York City's Holland Tunnel, where he worked with Norman Redwood. He turned to writing, first short stories and novels, and later, screenplays. He changed his name to Borden Chase, allegedly\",\n \"title\": \"Borden Chase\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7350879\",\n \"text\": \"Borden Chase Borden Chase (January 11, 1900 – March 8, 1971) was an American writer. Born Frank Fowler, he left school at fourteen went through an assortment of jobs, including driving for gangster Frankie Yale and working as a sandhog on the construction of New York City's Holland Tunnel, where he worked with Norman Redwood. He turned to writing, first short stories and novels, and later, screenplays. He changed his name to Borden Chase, allegedly getting his nominal inspiration from Borden Milk and Chase Manhattan Bank. Chase wrote a story based on his Holland Tunnel experience with Edward Doherty. Film\",\n \"title\": \"Borden Chase\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"937589\",\n \"text\": \"Upton Sinclair Upton Beall Sinclair Jr. (September 20, 1878 – November 25, 1968) was an American writer who wrote nearly 100 books and other works in several genres. Sinclair's work was well known and popular in the first half of the 20th century, and he won the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction in 1943. In 1906, Sinclair acquired particular fame for his classic muck-raking novel \\\"The Jungle\\\", which exposed labor and sanitary conditions in the U.S. meatpacking industry, causing a public uproar that contributed in part to the passage a few months later of the 1906 Pure Food and Drug Act\",\n \"title\": \"Upton Sinclair\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19498114\",\n \"text\": \"1972 and \\\"Nights at the Circus\\\" 1984. Margaret Drabble (born 1939) is a novelist, biographer and critic, who published from the 1960s into the 21st century. Her older sister, A. S. Byatt (born 1936) is best known for \\\"Possession\\\" published in 1990. Martin Amis (born 1949) is one of the most prominent of contemporary British novelists. His best-known novels are \\\"Money\\\" (1984) and \\\"London Fields\\\" (1989). Pat Barker (born 1943) has won many awards for her fiction. English novelist and screenwriter Ian McEwan (born 1948) is another of contemporary Britain's most highly regarded writers. His works include \\\"The Cement Garden\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"Twentieth-century English literature\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4365481\",\n \"text\": \"more famous after their deaths than during their lifetime (and often were completely or relatively unknown) include Greek philosopher Socrates; scientist Galileo Galilei; 1800s-era poet John Keats; painter Vincent van Gogh; poet and novelist Edgar Allan Poe; singer Eva Cassidy; comedian Bill Hicks; writer Emily Dickinson; artist Edith Holden, whose 1906 diary was a best-seller when published posthumously in 1977; writer Franz Kafka; singer Jeff Buckley; diarist Anne Frank; philosopher Søren Kierkegaard; writer John Kennedy Toole (who posthumously won a Pulitzer Prize for Fiction 12 years after his death); author Stieg Larsson (who died with his \\\"Millennium\\\" novels unpublished); musician,\",\n \"title\": \"Celebrity culture\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1410098\",\n \"text\": \"Booth Tarkington Newton Booth Tarkington (July 29, 1869 – May 19, 1946) was an American novelist and dramatist best known for his novels \\\"The Magnificent Ambersons\\\" and \\\"Alice Adams\\\". He is one of only three novelists to win the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction more than once, along with William Faulkner and John Updike. Although he is little read now, in the 1910s and 1920s he was considered America's greatest living author. Booth Tarkington was born in Indianapolis, Indiana, the son of John S. Tarkington and Elizabeth Booth Tarkington. He was named after his maternal uncle Newton Booth, then the governor\",\n \"title\": \"Booth Tarkington\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2906959\",\n \"text\": \"Annie Proulx Edna Ann Proulx (; born August 22, 1935) is an American novelist, short story writer, and journalist. She has written most frequently as Annie Proulx but has also used the names E. Annie Proulx and E.A. Proulx. She won the PEN/Faulkner Award for Fiction for her first novel, \\\"Postcards\\\". Her second novel, \\\"The Shipping News\\\" (1993), won both the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction and the U.S. National Book Award for Fiction and was adapted as a 2001 film of the same name. Her short story \\\"Brokeback Mountain\\\" was adapted as an Academy Award, BAFTA and Golden Globe Award-winning\",\n \"title\": \"Annie Proulx\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2475891\",\n \"text\": \"and Have Not\\\" (1944) is famous not only for the first pairing of actors Humphrey Bogart (1899–1957) and Lauren Bacall (1924–2014), but also for being written by two future winners of the Nobel Prize in Literature: Ernest Hemingway (1899–1961), the author of the novel on which the script was nominally based, and William Faulkner (1897–1962), who worked on the screen adaptation. After \\\"The Jazz Singer\\\" was released in 1927, Warner Bros. gained huge success and were able to acquire their own string of movie theaters, after purchasing Stanley Theaters and First National Productions in 1928. MGM had also owned the\",\n \"title\": \"Cinema of the United States\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"354421\",\n \"text\": \"Ray Bradbury Ray Douglas Bradbury (; August 22, 1920June 5, 2012) was an American author and screenwriter. He worked in a variety of genres, including fantasy, science fiction, horror, and mystery fiction. Widely known for his dystopian novel \\\"Fahrenheit 451\\\" (1953), and his science-fiction and horror-story collections, \\\"The Martian Chronicles\\\" (1950), \\\"The Illustrated Man\\\" (1951), and \\\"I Sing the Body Electric\\\" (1969), Bradbury was one of the most celebrated 20th- and 21st-century American writers. While most of his best known work is in speculative fiction, he also wrote in other genres, such as the coming-of-age novel \\\"Dandelion Wine\\\" (1957) and\",\n \"title\": \"Ray Bradbury\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20916523\",\n \"text\": \"Norman Mailer bibliography This Norman Mailer bibliography lists major books by and about Mailer (January 31, 1923 – November 10, 2007), an American novelist, new journalist, essayist, public intellectual, filmmaker, and biographer. Over a fifty-nine-year period, Mailer won two Pulitzer Prizes and had eleven books spend a total of 160 weeks on the \\\"New York Times\\\" bestseller list. Mailer's output included forty-plus books and six decades of bestsellers on a wide range of topics, from World War II to Marilyn Monroe. His biographer J. Michael Lennon calls him the chronicler of the American Century, and a talent whose career has\",\n \"title\": \"Norman Mailer bibliography\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"592291\",\n \"text\": \"won the Pulitzer Prize for Drama, roughly one per decade from the 1930s to the 2010s¹. They are: George and Ira Gershwin's \\\"Of Thee I Sing\\\" (1932), Rodgers and Hammerstein's \\\"South Pacific\\\" (1950), Bock & Harnick's \\\"Fiorello!\\\" (1960), Frank Loesser's \\\"How to Succeed in Business Without Really Trying\\\" (1962), Marvin Hamlisch, Edward Kleban, James Kirkwood, Jr., and Nicholas Dante's \\\"A Chorus Line\\\" (1976), Stephen Sondheim's and James Lapine's \\\"Sunday in the Park with George\\\" (1985), Jonathan Larson's \\\"Rent\\\" (1996), Brian Yorkey and Tom Kitt's \\\"Next to Normal\\\" (2010), and Lin-Manuel Miranda's \\\"Hamilton\\\" (2016). \\\"Of Thee I Sing\\\", \\\"Sunday in the\",\n \"title\": \"Pulitzer Prize for Drama\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1410114\",\n \"text\": \"fantasizes about winning Miss Pratt by the rescue of precious little Flopit from an automobile's rushing wheels. In June 2019, The Library of America will publish \\\"Booth Tarkington: Novels & Stories\\\" , collecting \\\"The Magnificent Ambersons\\\" and \\\"Alice Adams\\\" and \\\"In the Arena: Stories of Political Life\\\". Booth Tarkington Newton Booth Tarkington (July 29, 1869 – May 19, 1946) was an American novelist and dramatist best known for his novels \\\"The Magnificent Ambersons\\\" and \\\"Alice Adams\\\". He is one of only three novelists to win the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction more than once, along with William Faulkner and John Updike.\",\n \"title\": \"Booth Tarkington\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1621685\",\n \"text\": \"important works of the 20th century, and his final novel, unfinished at the time of his death, The Pale King (2011), has garnered much praise and attention. In addition to his novels, he also authored three acclaimed short story collections: \\\"Girl with Curious Hair\\\" (1989), \\\"Brief Interviews with Hideous Men\\\" (1999) and \\\"\\\" (2004). Jonathan Franzen, Wallace's friend and contemporary, rose to prominence after the 2001 publication of his National Book Award-winning third novel, \\\"The Corrections\\\". He began his writing career in 1988 with the well-received \\\"The Twenty-Seventh City\\\", a novel centering on his native St. Louis, but did not\",\n \"title\": \"American literature\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3269897\",\n \"text\": \"Prize-winning authors, including Isaac Bashevis Singer, Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn, Joseph Brodsky, Nadine Gordimer, Czesław Miłosz and T. S. Eliot, and Pulitzer Prize authors such as Robert Lowell, John McPhee, Philip Roth, and Bernard Malamud. The FSG brand became so renowned that author Scott Turow turned down a $350,000 advance from a rival publisher for his first novel, \\\"Presumed Innocent\\\", so that he could work with Straus, who offered him $200,000. John McPhee speaking at Straus's memorial service said of him, \\\"He was there in my thirties, forties, fifties and sixties, and was still leading me up the street on a leash\",\n \"title\": \"Roger Williams Straus Jr.\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"321386\",\n \"text\": \"receive the prize. On the other hand, Jon Fosse, former recipient of the prize, welcomed the decision, saying that Handke was a worthy recipient and deserved the Nobel Prize in Literature. Handke collaborated with director Wim Wenders on a film version of \\\"The Goalkeeper's Fear of the Penalty\\\", wrote the script for Wenders' \\\"The Wrong Move\\\", and co-wrote the screenplay for Wenders' \\\"Wings of Desire\\\" and \\\"The Beautiful Days of Aranjuez\\\". He has also directed films, including from his own novels, \\\"The Left-Handed Woman\\\" and \\\"The Absence\\\". Peter Handke Peter Handke (; born 6 December 1942) is an Austrian novelist,\",\n \"title\": \"Peter Handke\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10320034\",\n \"text\": \"Don Mankiewicz Don Martin Mankiewicz (January 20, 1922 – April 25, 2015) was an American screenwriter and novelist best known for his novel, \\\"Trial\\\". Born in Berlin, Germany, he was the son of Sara (née Aaronson) and the screenwriter Herman J. Mankiewicz and brother of journalist Frank Mankiewicz. He graduated from Columbia College of Columbia University in 1942. His 1955 novel \\\"Trial\\\" won the Harper Prize and was made into a film of the same name. He was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay for \\\"I Want to Live!\\\" (1958). Among his many television credits are \\\"Ironside\\\",\",\n \"title\": \"Don Mankiewicz\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3310069\",\n \"text\": \"Colson Whitehead Colson Whitehead (born November 6, 1969) is an American novelist. He is the author of six novels, including his debut work, the 1999 novel \\\"The Intuitionist\\\", and \\\"The Underground Railroad\\\" (2016), for which he won the 2016 National Book Award for Fiction and the 2017 Pulitzer Prize for Fiction. He has also published two books of non-fiction. In 2002, he received a MacArthur Fellowship (\\\"Genius Grant\\\"). Whitehead was born in New York City on November 6, 1969, and grew up in Manhattan. He attended Trinity School in Manhattan. Whitehead graduated from Harvard University in 1991; in college he\",\n \"title\": \"Colson Whitehead\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6975947\",\n \"text\": \"them Ian McEwan, Salman Rushdie, Edmund White, Julian Barnes, Graham Swift as well as such iconic writers as Ryszard Kapuściński, Angela Carter, Bret Easton Ellis, and Michael Herr, among many others, leading \\\"The Times\\\" of London to describe his tenure as producing \\\"the Picador Generation\\\". In 1987 Mehta moved from London to New York to head the legendary American literary imprint Alfred A. Knopf as President and Editor-in-Chief. Mehta was hand-picked by Robert Gottlieb who was leaving Alfred A. Knopf to edit \\\"the New Yorker\\\". Under Mehta, Knopf has published six Nobel literature laureates, numerous Pulitzer Prize, Booker Prize and\",\n \"title\": \"Sonny Mehta\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20916525\",\n \"text\": \"Listed chronologically, the following are integral books for the study of Norman Mailer. Notes Citations Works Cited Norman Mailer bibliography This Norman Mailer bibliography lists major books by and about Mailer (January 31, 1923 – November 10, 2007), an American novelist, new journalist, essayist, public intellectual, filmmaker, and biographer. Over a fifty-nine-year period, Mailer won two Pulitzer Prizes and had eleven books spend a total of 160 weeks on the \\\"New York Times\\\" bestseller list. Mailer's output included forty-plus books and six decades of bestsellers on a wide range of topics, from World War II to Marilyn Monroe. His biographer\",\n \"title\": \"Norman Mailer bibliography\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13689860\",\n \"text\": \"will die. The mob backs off. June survives, and successfully gives birth to their son, Bob Lee Swagger. Additionally the plot features two real-life persons from that period: American gangster Bugsy Siegel who was a major driving force behind large-scale development of Las Vegas and his friend, Chicago Outfit courier Virginia Hill. Two other real-life persons appear briefly, and with their identities only hinted at. The first, a screenwriter named \\\"Bill\\\", shares a table with Humphrey Bogart at a Hollywood nightclub. This is actually William Faulkner, the winner of the Nobel Prize for Literature, when he was working in the\",\n \"title\": \"Hot Springs (novel)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3227048\",\n \"text\": \"Kerouac's then-girlfriend Joyce Johnson, started work in 1957, when Sheila Cudahy was a partner at the firm. Farrar, Straus and Giroux Farrar, Straus and Giroux (FSG) is an American book publishing company, founded in 1946 by Roger W. Straus, Jr. and John C. Farrar. FSG is known for publishing literary books, and its authors have won numerous awards, including Pulitzer Prizes, National Book Awards, and Nobel Peace Prizes. The publisher is currently a division of Macmillan, whose parent company is the German publishing conglomerate Holtzbrinck Publishing Group. Farrar, Straus, and Company was founded in 1945 by Roger W. Straus, Jr.\",\n \"title\": \"Farrar, Straus and Giroux\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4134987\",\n \"text\": \"that she enjoyed. After its revival in 2003, books were selected on a more limited basis (three or four a year) Winfrey returned to fiction with her 2007 selections of \\\"The Road\\\" by Cormac McCarthy in March and \\\"Middlesex\\\" by Jeffrey Eugenides in June. Shortly after its being chosen, \\\"The Road\\\" was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction. Winfrey conducted the first ever television interview with McCarthy, a famously reclusive author, on June 5, 2007. On October 5, 2007, the latest selection was announced as \\\"Love in the Time of Cholera\\\", a 1985 novel by Nobel Prize laureate Gabriel García\",\n \"title\": \"Oprah's Book Club\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3394355\",\n \"text\": \"published pro-Nazi writings. Éditions Gallimard's best-selling authors include Albert Camus (29 million copies), Antoine de Saint-Exupéry (26.3 million copies), and J.K. Rowling (whose \\\"Harry Potter\\\" series sold 26 million copies). Other important authors include Salman Rushdie, Roald Dahl, Marcel Proust, Philip Roth, George Orwell, Jack Kerouac, Pablo Neruda, and John Steinbeck. As of 2011, its catalog consists of 36 Prix Goncourt winners, 38 writers who have received the Nobel Prize in Literature, and ten writers who have been awarded the Pulitzer Prize. In 2010 the company had a turnover of million, and over 1,000 employees. Gallimard acquired Groupe Flammarion from\",\n \"title\": \"Éditions Gallimard\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2394510\",\n \"text\": \"the Lyrics; Friends; Army Wives; Cheers; Sex and the City; Frasier; Scrubs\\\"; and \\\"The X-Files\\\". ICM Partners represents recipients of the Nobel Prize, Pulitzer Prize, National Book Award and other literary honors. Among the agency’s clients are Patricia Cornwell, Thomas Friedman, Anna Quindlen, E.L. Doctorow, Walter Isaacson, Carl Hiaasen, Tom Bissell, Anthony Swofford, Chris Cleave, Candace Bushnell, John Feinstein, Ann Patchett, Carol Higgins Clark and Steve Martin. In addition, the agency represents the estates of Theodor Geisel (Dr. Seuss), Arthur Miller, E.B. White, and Tennessee Williams, among others. The agency routinely represents more than 100 titles on the New York\",\n \"title\": \"ICM Partners\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1410103\",\n \"text\": \"author. He won the Pulitzer Prize in fiction twice, in 1919 and 1922, for his novels \\\"The Magnificent Ambersons\\\" and \\\"Alice Adams\\\". In 1921 booksellers rated him \\\"the most significant contemporary American author\\\" in a poll conducted by \\\"Publishers' Weekly\\\". He won the O. Henry Memorial Award in 1931 for his short story \\\"Cider of Normandy\\\". His works appeared frequently on best sellers lists throughout his life. In addition to his honorary doctorate from Purdue, and his honorary masters and doctorate from Princeton, Tarkington was awarded an honorary doctorate from Columbia University, the administrator of the Pulitzer Prize, and several\",\n \"title\": \"Booth Tarkington\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5993496\",\n \"text\": \"reaching best-seller status in that venue in an opinion article for \\\"The New York Times\\\". Horwitz married the Australian writer Geraldine Brooks in France, in 1984. She has also won the Pulitzer Prize, in 2006, for her novel, \\\"March\\\" (2005). They have two children. Tony Horwitz Tony Horwitz (born June 9, 1958) is an American journalist and author who won the 1995 Pulitzer Prize for National Reporting. His books include \\\"One for the Road: a Hitchhiker's Outback\\\" (1987), \\\"Baghdad Without a Map\\\" (1991), \\\"Confederates in the Attic\\\" (1998), \\\"Blue Latitudes\\\" (AKA \\\"Into the Blue\\\") (2002), \\\"A Voyage Long and Strange:\",\n \"title\": \"Tony Horwitz\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20166996\",\n \"text\": \"of debris that has washed ashore, and none have been modernized with running water or electricity. Over the last century, many famous artists have spent time in the Dune Shacks for creative inspiration, including: playwright Eugene O'Neill (\\\"A Streetcar Named Desire\\\", \\\"Death of a Salesman\\\"), poet and abolitionist Henry David Thoreau (\\\"Walden\\\", \\\"Civil Disobedience\\\"), abstract expressionist painter Jackson Pollock (\\\"Mural on Indian Red Ground\\\", \\\"No. 5, 1948\\\") and iconoclast novelist Jack Kerouac (\\\"The Town and the City\\\", \\\"Big Sur\\\"). During each one of the seven days Bannon spent at C-Scape Dune Shack, he wrote and recorded a piano-driven track through\",\n \"title\": \"Dunedevil\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9834759\",\n \"text\": \"and starred Samuel L. Jackson, Josh Hartnett, and Alan Alda. His novel, \\\"Sutton\\\", based on the life of bank robber Willie Sutton, was published in 2012. He ghostwrote Phil Knight's memoir, \\\"Shoe Dog\\\", published in 2016. J. R. Moehringer John Joseph \\\"J.R.\\\" Moehringer (born December 7, 1964) is an American novelist and journalist. In 2000 he won the Pulitzer Prize for newspaper feature writing. Moehringer was born in New York City and was raised by a single mother in Manhasset, New York and, later, in Scottsdale, Arizona. He graduated from Saguaro High School in Scottsdale in 1982. He graduated from\",\n \"title\": \"J. R. Moehringer\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5947699\",\n \"text\": \"the movies actually made from his novels, several others have also been sold for filming but never made; these include \\\"The Eagle and the Iron Cross\\\" (Sam Spiegel, 1968) and \\\"The Tin Lizzie Troop\\\" (Paul Newman, 1977), as well as a number of movie options, now lapsed, on his many stories. Besides a Hopwood Award and a Theatre Guild Award for his one play, Swarthout was twice nominated by his publishers for the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction (for \\\"They Came To Cordura\\\" by Random House and \\\"Bless The Beasts & Children\\\" by Doubleday), he received an O. Henry Prize Short\",\n \"title\": \"Glendon Swarthout\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10243630\",\n \"text\": \"Stieg Larsson Karl Stig-Erland \\\"Stieg\\\" Larsson (; ; 15 August 1954 – 9 November 2004) was a Swedish journalist and writer. He is best known for writing the \\\"Millennium\\\" trilogy of crime novels, which were published posthumously and adapted as motion pictures. Larsson lived much of his life in Stockholm and worked there with socialist politics and journalism, including as an independent researcher of right-wing extremism. He was the second best-selling author in the world for 2008, behind Khaled Hosseini. The third novel in the \\\"Millennium\\\" trilogy, \\\"The Girl Who Kicked the Hornets' Nest\\\", became the most sold book in\",\n \"title\": \"Stieg Larsson\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1621679\",\n \"text\": \"a subversive commingling of high and low culture. In 1973, he published \\\"Gravity's Rainbow\\\", a leading work in this genre, which won the National Book Award and was unanimously nominated for the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction that year. His other major works include his debut, \\\"V.\\\" (1963), \\\"The Crying of Lot 49\\\" (1966), \\\"Mason & Dixon\\\" (1997), and \\\"Against the Day\\\" (2006). Toni Morrison, recipient of the Nobel Prize for Literature, writing in a distinctive lyrical prose style, published her controversial debut novel, \\\"The Bluest Eye\\\", to critical acclaim in 1970. Coming on the heels of the signing of the\",\n \"title\": \"American literature\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"211152\",\n \"text\": \"Wasted\\\" (1990): Rabbit novels Bech books Buchanan books Eastwick books \\\"The Scarlet Letter\\\" Trilogy Other novels Books edited by Updike Short Story Collections Poetry Non-fiction, essays and criticism John Updike John Hoyer Updike (March 18, 1932 – January 27, 2009) was an American novelist, poet, short-story writer, art critic, and literary critic. One of only three writers to win the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction more than once (the others were Booth Tarkington and William Faulkner), Updike published more than twenty novels, more than a dozen short-story collections, as well as poetry, art and literary criticism and children's books during his\",\n \"title\": \"John Updike\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3418636\",\n \"text\": \"A. R. Gurney Albert Ramsdell Gurney Jr. (November 1, 1930 – June 13, 2017), as pen name A. R. Gurney (sometimes credited as Pete Gurney) was an American playwright, novelist and academic. He is known for works including \\\"The Dining Room\\\" (1982), \\\"Sweet Sue\\\" (1986/7), and \\\"The Cocktail Hour\\\" (1988), and for his Pulitzer Prize nominated play \\\"Love Letters\\\". His series of plays about upper-class WASP life in contemporary America have been called \\\"penetratingly witty studies of the WASP ascendancy in retreat.\\\" Gurney was born on November 1, 1930 in Buffalo, New York to Albert Ramsdell Gurney, Sr. (1896-1977), who\",\n \"title\": \"A. R. Gurney\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6683643\",\n \"text\": \"as Irving Berlin, Cole Porter, and Stephen Sondheim have become pop standards. Playwright Eugene O'Neill won the Nobel literature prize in 1936; other acclaimed U.S. dramatists include multiple Pulitzer Prize winners Tennessee Williams, Edward Albee, and August Wilson. Choreographers Isadora Duncan and Martha Graham helped create modern dance, while George Balanchine and Jerome Robbins were leaders in 20th-century ballet. Although little known at the time, Charles Ives's work of the 1910s established him as the first major U.S. composer in the classical tradition, while experimentalists such as Henry Cowell and John Cage created a distinctive American approach to classical composition.\",\n \"title\": \"United States\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"902450\",\n \"text\": \"Harold Pinter Harold Pinter (; 10 October 1930 – 24 December 2008) was a Nobel Prize-winning British playwright, screenwriter, director and actor. One of the most influential modern British dramatists, his writing career spanned more than 50 years. His best-known plays include \\\"The Birthday Party\\\" (1957), \\\"The Homecoming\\\" (1964), and \\\"Betrayal\\\" (1978), each of which he adapted for the screen. His screenplay adaptations of others' works include \\\"The Servant\\\" (1963), \\\"The Go-Between\\\" (1971), \\\"The French Lieutenant's Woman\\\" (1981), \\\"The Trial\\\" (1993), and \\\"Sleuth\\\" (2007). He also directed or acted in radio, stage, television, and film productions of his own and\",\n \"title\": \"Harold Pinter\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9913569\",\n \"text\": \"Mark Lee (American author) Mark W. Lee is an American novelist, children's book writer, poet and playwright. He has worked as a war correspondent and some of these real-life experiences have appeared in his fiction. Lee was born in Minneapolis, Minnesota. He attended Yale University where he became friends with the Pulitzer prize winning poet and novelist Robert Penn Warren. Lee dedicated his first novel to Warren. After graduating from Yale in 1973, Lee lived in New York City for several years where he worked as a taxi driver, a language teacher and a security guard. In New York, he\",\n \"title\": \"Mark Lee (American author)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9497717\",\n \"text\": \"giving the company its new name, Farrar, Straus and Giroux (FSG). Robert Lowell's book of poems, \\\"For the Union Dead\\\" (1964) was the first book to bear his imprint. He became company's chairman in 1973. Among the writers Giroux discovered or developed at FSG were Jack Kerouac, John Berryman, Jean Stafford, Bernard Malamud, Thomas Merton, Flannery O'Connor, Isaac Bashevis Singer, Carl Sandburg, Elizabeth Bishop, Katherine Anne Porter, Walker Percy, Donald Barthelme, Grace Paley, Derek Walcott and William Golding. By 2000, FSG books had won 29 literary awards, as well as a dozen Pulitzer Prizes and 20 Nobel Prizes. Giroux worked\",\n \"title\": \"Robert Giroux\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12356923\",\n \"text\": \"writer for \\\"The New Yorker\\\", \\\"She's a cute, talented, lost \\\"enfante\\\", and I'm tempted to accommodate her, \\\"pour le sport\\\".\\\" In the 1940s, Salinger confided to several people that he was working on a novel featuring Holden Caulfield, the teenage protagonist of his short story \\\"Slight Rebellion off Madison\\\", and \\\"The Catcher in the Rye\\\" was published on July 16, 1951, by Little, Brown and Company. The novel's plot is simple, detailing 16-year-old Holden's experiences in New York City following his expulsion and departure from an elite college preparatory school. Not only was he expelled from his current school, he\",\n \"title\": \"J. D. Salinger\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1602431\",\n \"text\": \"who was inspired by Capote's memories of Lee as a child, was played by Aubrey Dollar. Harper Lee Nelle Harper Lee (April 28, 1926February 19, 2016) was an American novelist widely known for \\\"To Kill a Mockingbird\\\", published in 1960. Immediately successful, it won the 1961 Pulitzer Prize and has become a classic of modern American literature. Though Lee had only published this single book, in 2007 she was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom for her contribution to literature. Additionally, Lee received numerous honorary degrees, though she declined to speak on those occasions. She was also known for assisting\",\n \"title\": \"Harper Lee\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"721404\",\n \"text\": \"1920s to work in a variety of jobs including errand boy, bookies' runner and inventory clerk in a grocer's. He was employed by Universal Pictures from 1940 to 1957, starting off as a clerk but attaining promotion to executive level. His first book was \\\"Never Love a Stranger\\\" (1948). \\\"The Dream Merchants\\\" (1949) was a novel about the American film industry, from its beginning to the sound era. As usual, Robbins blended his own life experiences with history, melodrama, sex, and glossy high society into a fast-moving story. His 1952 novel, \\\"A Stone for Danny Fisher,\\\" was adapted into a\",\n \"title\": \"Harold Robbins\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2421376\",\n \"text\": \"Margaret Widdemer Margaret Widdemer (September 30, 1884 – July 14, 1978) was an American poet and novelist. She won the Pulitzer Prize (known then as the Columbia University Prize) in 1919 for her collection \\\"The Old Road to Paradise\\\", shared with Carl Sandburg for \\\"Cornhuskers\\\". Margaret Widdemer was born in Doylestown, Pennsylvania, and grew up in Asbury Park, New Jersey, where her father, Howard T. Widdemer, was a minister of the First Congregational Church. She graduated from the Drexel Institute Library School in 1909. She first came to public attention with her poem \\\"The Factories\\\", which treated the subject of\",\n \"title\": \"Margaret Widdemer\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13369147\",\n \"text\": \"his extraordinary endowment. In January 2015, it was announced that he will write the screenplays for the sequels to \\\"Beetlejuice\\\" and \\\"Gremlins\\\". Through Katzsmith Productions, Grahame-Smith and Katzenberg are currently developing a number of projects for television and film. Seth Grahame-Smith Seth Grahame-Smith (born Seth Jared Greenberg; January 4, 1976) is an American novelist, film director, film producer, and screenwriter. He is best known as the author of \\\"The New York Times\\\" best-selling novels \\\"Pride and Prejudice and Zombies\\\" and \\\"Abraham Lincoln, Vampire Hunter\\\", both of which have been adapted as feature films. Grahame-Smith is also the co-creator, head writer\",\n \"title\": \"Seth Grahame-Smith\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19459373\",\n \"text\": \"London, Washington, New York and St. Louis. While the precipitating event for the publication of \\\"\\\"WE\\\"\\\" was the solo non-stop flight from New York to Paris, Lindbergh's account of this takes up only 18 pages (pp. 213–230) in the book which is mostly about his life before May 20, 1927. It would not be until Lindbergh wrote his Pulitzer Prize winning \\\"The Spirit of St. Louis\\\" a quarter-of-a-century later in 1953 that he provided a first hand book length account of the flight itself. Reviews for the book were generally positive although expressed disappointment that so little of the text\",\n \"title\": \"\\\"WE\\\" (1927 book)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5550944\",\n \"text\": \"A Fable A Fable is a 1954 novel written by the American author William Faulkner. He spent more than a decade and tremendous effort on it, and aspired for it to be \\\"the best work of my life and maybe of my time\\\". It won the Pulitzer Prize and the National Book Award, but critical reviews were mixed and it is considered one of Faulkner's lesser works. Historically, it can be seen as a precursor to Joseph Heller's \\\"Catch-22\\\". The book takes place in France during World War I and stretches through the course of one week in 1918. Corporal\",\n \"title\": \"A Fable\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20202089\",\n \"text\": \"Thomas P. Cullinan Thomas P. Cullinan (November 4, 1919 – June 11, 1995) was an American novelist and playwright, as well as a writer for television. He is perhaps best known for his 1966 novel \\\"The Beguiled\\\", which was made into two films of the same name, in 1971 and again in 2017. Cullinan was born and raised in Cleveland, Ohio, in an Irish Catholic family. He graduated from Cathedral Latin High School in 1938, and later attended Case Western Reserve University. In addition to \\\"The Beguiled\\\" (1966), Cullinan's novel about the American Civil War, he wrote three novels—\\\"The Besieged\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"Thomas P. Cullinan\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15631925\",\n \"text\": \"including Cummings, Crane, H.D., Hemingway, and Toomer. The two Faulkner novels (\\\"Soldiers' Pay\\\" and \\\"Mosquitoes\\\") are considered among the lesser works of the Nobel prize-winner but still contain modernist devices (such as stream of consciousness) that reflect the direction he took in later fiction. The one exception to this risk-taking investment was Eugene O'Neill. While most of Liveright's avant-garde publications failed to earn out their advances during the 1920s (Hart Crane would die $210 in debt to the house), O'Neill's plays were frequently amongst the firm's top-selling books. After winning the Pulitzer Prize for \\\"Beyond the Horizon\\\" in 1920, the\",\n \"title\": \"Boni & Liveright\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5714535\",\n \"text\": \"R. W. B. Lewis Richard Warrington Baldwin Lewis (November 1, 1917 in Chicago, Illinois - June 13, 2002 in Bethany, Connecticut) was an American literary scholar and critic. He gained a wider reputation when he won a 1976 Pulitzer Prize for Biography or Autobiography, the first National Book Critics Circle Award for nonfiction, and a Bancroft Prize for his biography of Edith Wharton. \\\"The New York Times\\\" called the book \\\"a beautifully wrought, rounded portrait of the whole woman, including the part of her that remained in shade during her life\\\" and said that the \\\"expansive, elegant biography ... can\",\n \"title\": \"R. W. B. Lewis\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13094263\",\n \"text\": \"Philipp Meyer Philipp Meyer (born January 5, 1974) is an American fiction writer, and is the author of the novels \\\"American Rust\\\" and \\\"The Son\\\", as well as short stories published in The New Yorker and other places. Meyer also created and produced the AMC television show (also called \\\"The Son\\\") based on his novel. Meyer won the 2009 Los Angeles Times Book Prize, was the recipient of a 2010 Guggenheim Fellowship and was a finalist for the 2014 Pulitzer Prize. He won the 2014 Lucien Barrière prize in France and the 2015 Prix Littérature-Monde Prize in France. In 2017\",\n \"title\": \"Philipp Meyer\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6109397\",\n \"text\": \"Tenderloin (musical) Tenderloin is a musical with a book by George Abbott and Jerome Weidman, lyrics by Sheldon Harnick, and music by Jerry Bock, their follow-up to the highly successful Pulitzer Prize-winning \\\"Fiorello!\\\" a year earlier. The musical is based on a 1959 novel by Samuel Hopkins Adams. Set in the Tenderloin, a red-light district in 1890s Manhattan, the show's story focuses on Reverend Brock, a character loosely based on American clergyman and social reformer Charles Henry Parkhurst. After six previews, the Broadway production, directed by Abbott and choreographed by Joe Layton, opened on October 17, 1960 at the 46th\",\n \"title\": \"Tenderloin (musical)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2322944\",\n \"text\": \"Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 1997; Trinity College (Connecticut), Hartford, Connecticut, 1998; The George Washington University, Washington, D.C., 2001 (Hon. D.Litt.). Herman Wouk Herman Wouk (; born May 27, 1915) is an American author. His 1951 novel \\\"The Caine Mutiny\\\" won the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction. His other works include \\\"The Winds of War\\\" and \\\"War and Remembrance\\\", historical novels about World War II, and non-fiction such as \\\"This Is My God\\\", a popular explanation of Judaism from a Modern Orthodox perspective, written for Jewish and non-Jewish audiences. His books have been translated into 27 languages. \\\"The Washington Post\\\" called Wouk,\",\n \"title\": \"Herman Wouk\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13072010\",\n \"text\": \"of numerous authors, serving as an adviser while agreeing to publish the work of several influential authors. By the time she died, 27 Knopf authors had won the Pulitzer Prize and 16 the Nobel Prize. Knopf also worked closely with many American writers, including John Updike, Carl Van Vechten, Willa Cather, H.L. Mencken, Dashiell Hammett and Langston Hughes. Knopf helped Carl Van Vechten launch writers of the Harlem Renaissance including Langston Hughes and Nella Larson. According to her biography by Laura Claridge she \\\"legitimized the genre of hard-boiled detective fiction\\\" with authors such as Dashiell Hammet, Raymond Chandler and Ross\",\n \"title\": \"Blanche Knopf\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"51090\",\n \"text\": \"prize, and a winner is chosen. Unlike the real Man Booker (1969 through 2014), writers from outside the Commonwealth are also considered. In 2008, the winner for 1948 was Alan Paton's \\\"Cry, the Beloved Country\\\", beating Norman Mailer's \\\"The Naked and the Dead\\\", Graham Greene's \\\"The Heart of the Matter\\\" and Evelyn Waugh's \\\"The Loved One\\\". In 2015, the winner for 1915 was Ford Madox Ford's \\\"The Good Soldier\\\", beating \\\"The Thirty-Nine Steps\\\" (John Buchan), \\\"Of Human Bondage\\\" (W. Somerset Maugham), \\\"Psmith, Journalist\\\" (P. G. Wodehouse) and \\\"The Voyage Out\\\" (Virginia Woolf). Booker Prize The Man Booker Prize for Fiction\",\n \"title\": \"Booker Prize\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"478785\",\n \"text\": \"performed in the original Broadway casts of Ferber's plays \\\"Dinner at Eight\\\" and \\\"Stage Door\\\". Ferber died at her home in New York City, of stomach cancer, at the age of 82. Edna Ferber Edna Ferber (August 15, 1885 – April 16, 1968) was an American novelist, short story writer and playwright. Her novels included the Pulitzer Prize-winning \\\"So Big\\\" (1924), \\\"Show Boat\\\" (1926; made into the celebrated 1927 musical), \\\"Cimarron\\\" (1929; made into the 1931 film which won the Academy Award for Best Picture), \\\"Giant\\\" (1952; made into the 1956 Hollywood movie) and \\\"Ice Palace\\\" (1958), filmed in 1960.\",\n \"title\": \"Edna Ferber\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1811155\",\n \"text\": \"Brautigan, Emile Norman and Jack Kerouac. Big Sur acquired a bohemian reputation with these newcomers. Kerouac followed Miller to Big Sur and included the rugged coast in large parts of two of his novels. He spent a few days in early 1960 at fellow poet Lawrence Ferlinghetti's cabin in Bixby Canyon and based his novel \\\"Big Sur\\\" on his time there. Well-known individuals have called Big Sur home, including diplomats Nicholas Roosevelt, famed architects Nathaniel A. Owings and Philip Johnson, Nobel Prize winner Linus Pauling, show business celebrities Kim Novak and Allen Funt, and business executives Ted Turner and David\",\n \"title\": \"Big Sur\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1602406\",\n \"text\": \"outside immediately and pick up the pages,\\\" Shields wrote. When the novel was finally ready, the author opted to use the name \\\"Harper Lee\\\", rather than risk having her first name Nelle be misidentified as \\\"Nellie\\\". Published July 11, 1960, \\\"To Kill a Mockingbird\\\" was an immediate bestseller and won great critical acclaim, including the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction in 1961. It remains a bestseller, with more than 30 million copies in print. In 1999, it was voted \\\"Best Novel of the Century\\\" in a poll by the \\\"Library Journal\\\". Like Lee, the tomboy Scout of the novel is the\",\n \"title\": \"Harper Lee\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2547074\",\n \"text\": \"James Salter James Arnold Horowitz (June 10, 1925 – June 19, 2015), better known as James Salter, his pen name and later-adopted legal name, was an American novelist and short-story writer. Originally a career officer and pilot in the United States Air Force, he resigned from the military in 1957 following the successful publication of his first novel, \\\"The Hunters\\\". After a brief career in film writing and film directing, in 1979 Salter published the novel \\\"Solo Faces\\\". He won numerous literary awards for his works, including belated recognition of works originally criticized at the time of their publication. His\",\n \"title\": \"James Salter\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"50044\",\n \"text\": \"William Blake produced an entire cycle of illustrations for the book. Writers Job has inspired or influenced include John Milton (\\\"Samson Agonistes\\\"), Dostoevsky (\\\"The Brothers Karamazov\\\"), Franz Kafka (\\\"The Trial\\\"), Carl Jung (\\\"Answer to Job\\\"), Joseph Roth (\\\"Job\\\"), and Bernard Malamud. Archibald MacLeish's drama, \\\"JB\\\", one of the most prominent uses of the Book of Job in modern literature, was awarded the Pulitzer Prize in 1959. Job's influence can also be seen in the Coen brothers' 2009 film, \\\"A Serious Man\\\", which was nominated for two Academy Awards. Terrence Malick's 2011 film \\\"The Tree of Life\\\", which won the Palme\",\n \"title\": \"Book of Job\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10310340\",\n \"text\": \"Jack Trevor Story Memorial Cup include Fred Normandale, Steve Aylett, Nicholas Lezard and Howard Waldrop. Jack Trevor Story Jack Trevor Story (30 March 1917 – 5 December 1991) was a British novelist, publishing prolifically from the 1940s to the 1970s. His best-known works are the comic mystery \\\"The Trouble with Harry\\\" (which was adapted for the 1955 Alfred Hitchcock film of the same name), the Albert Argyle trilogy (\\\"Live Now, Pay Later\\\", \\\"Something for Nothing\\\" and \\\"The Urban District Lover\\\"), and his Horace Spurgeon novels (\\\"I Sit in Hanger Lane\\\", \\\"One Last Mad Embrace\\\", \\\"Hitler Needs You\\\"). He also wrote\",\n \"title\": \"Jack Trevor Story\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"460942\",\n \"text\": \"until receiving the 1949 Nobel Prize in Literature, for which he became the only Mississippi-born Nobel winner. Two of his works, \\\"A Fable\\\" (1954) and his last novel \\\"The Reivers\\\" (1962), won the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction. In 1998, the Modern Library ranked his 1929 novel \\\"The Sound and the Fury\\\" sixth on its list of the 100 best English-language novels of the 20th century; also on the list were \\\"As I Lay Dying\\\" (1930) and \\\"Light in August\\\" (1932). \\\"Absalom, Absalom!\\\" (1936) appears on similar lists. Born William Cuthbert Falkner in New Albany, Mississippi, William Faulkner was the first\",\n \"title\": \"William Faulkner\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"211092\",\n \"text\": \"John Updike John Hoyer Updike (March 18, 1932 – January 27, 2009) was an American novelist, poet, short-story writer, art critic, and literary critic. One of only three writers to win the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction more than once (the others were Booth Tarkington and William Faulkner), Updike published more than twenty novels, more than a dozen short-story collections, as well as poetry, art and literary criticism and children's books during his career. Hundreds of his stories, reviews, and poems appeared in \\\"The New Yorker\\\" starting in 1954. He also wrote regularly for \\\"The New York Review of Books\\\". His\",\n \"title\": \"John Updike\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12248981\",\n \"text\": \"The Great Consoler The Great Consoler (, translit. Velikiy uteshitel) is a 1933 Soviet drama film directed by Lev Kuleshov and starring Konstantin Khokhlov. The film is based on the facts from the biography of the American writer O. Henry and on his two novels. Saleswoman Dulcie dreams of a better, beautiful world. Her dreams are based on the stories of writer Bill Porter, who became victim of a judicial verdict and began his literary career in prison. No special misdemeanors are attributed to him and he even enjoys the right of free movement. The administration appreciates the writer because\",\n \"title\": \"The Great Consoler\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"937619\",\n \"text\": \"a raw food diet of predominantly vegetables and nuts. For long periods of time, he was a complete vegetarian, but he also experimented with eating meat. His attitude to these matters was fully explained in the chapter, \\\"The Use of Meat\\\", in the above-mentioned book. Fiction Autobiographical Non-fiction Drama As editor Upton Sinclair Upton Beall Sinclair Jr. (September 20, 1878 – November 25, 1968) was an American writer who wrote nearly 100 books and other works in several genres. Sinclair's work was well known and popular in the first half of the 20th century, and he won the Pulitzer Prize\",\n \"title\": \"Upton Sinclair\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7503567\",\n \"text\": \"William Heffernan William Heffernan (born August 22, 1940) is an American novelist born in New Haven, Connecticut. Before becoming a novelist, Heffernan was an investigative reporter for the \\\"New York Daily News\\\". For that work he was thrice nominated for a Pulitzer Prize. Heffernan left journalism in 1978 after receiving his first book contract for the novel \\\"Broderick\\\". He won the Heywood Broun Award twice, received the Robert F. Kennedy Journalism Award and has received a number of other local, state and regional honors. William Heffernan has received the Edgar Award, is a member of the Authors Guild, The Mystery\",\n \"title\": \"William Heffernan\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5714545\",\n \"text\": \"Gress. R. W. B. Lewis Richard Warrington Baldwin Lewis (November 1, 1917 in Chicago, Illinois - June 13, 2002 in Bethany, Connecticut) was an American literary scholar and critic. He gained a wider reputation when he won a 1976 Pulitzer Prize for Biography or Autobiography, the first National Book Critics Circle Award for nonfiction, and a Bancroft Prize for his biography of Edith Wharton. \\\"The New York Times\\\" called the book \\\"a beautifully wrought, rounded portrait of the whole woman, including the part of her that remained in shade during her life\\\" and said that the \\\"expansive, elegant biography ...\",\n \"title\": \"R. W. B. Lewis\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12248984\",\n \"text\": \"actors would totally replicate the results on screen. The Great Consoler The Great Consoler (, translit. Velikiy uteshitel) is a 1933 Soviet drama film directed by Lev Kuleshov and starring Konstantin Khokhlov. The film is based on the facts from the biography of the American writer O. Henry and on his two novels. Saleswoman Dulcie dreams of a better, beautiful world. Her dreams are based on the stories of writer Bill Porter, who became victim of a judicial verdict and began his literary career in prison. No special misdemeanors are attributed to him and he even enjoys the right of\",\n \"title\": \"The Great Consoler\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14496711\",\n \"text\": \"Norb Vonnegut Norb Vonnegut (born April 24, 1958) is an American author of Wall Street thrillers and a financial commentator on his blog entitled \\\"Acrimoney\\\". He attended Phillips Exeter Academy, and received bachelor's and Master of Business Administration degrees from Harvard University. His business career began in the Philippines and took him to Australia, South Carolina, and Rhode Island before he settled into the wealth management profession in New York City. Vonnegut's first novel, \\\"Top Producer\\\", earned a \\\"Publishers Weekly\\\" starred review and interview as well as positive reviews on the NBC \\\"Today\\\" show and in \\\"USA Today\\\". On September\",\n \"title\": \"Norb Vonnegut\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17735827\",\n \"text\": \"Nobel Prize for Literature, taught poetry at Boston University. Pulitzer Prize winner Cormac McCarthy, whose novel \\\"No Country for Old Men\\\" was made into the Academy Award for Best Picture winning film in 2007, was born in Providence, although he moved to Tennessee when he was a boy. New York Times Bestselling author Dennis Lehane, another native of the Boston area, who was born in Dorchester, wrote the novels that were adapted into the films \\\"Mystic River\\\", \\\"Gone Baby Gone\\\" and \\\"Shutter Island\\\". Largely on the strength of its local writers, Boston was for some years the center of the\",\n \"title\": \"Culture of New England\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1341148\",\n \"text\": \"In 2001, \\\"The Human Stain\\\" was awarded the United Kingdom's WH Smith Literary Award for the best book of the year. In 2002, he was awarded the National Book Foundation Medal for Distinguished Contribution to American Letters. Literary critic Harold Bloom has named him as one of the four major American novelists still at work, along with Thomas Pynchon, Don DeLillo, and Cormac McCarthy. His 2004 novel \\\"The Plot Against America\\\" won the Sidewise Award for Alternate History in 2005 as well as the Society of American Historians’ James Fenimore Cooper Prize. Roth was also awarded the United Kingdom's WH\",\n \"title\": \"Philip Roth\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1621683\",\n \"text\": \"film. Don DeLillo, who rose to literary prominence with the publication of his 1985 novel, \\\"White Noise\\\", a work broaching the subjects of death and consumerism and doubling as a piece of comic social criticism, began his writing career in 1971 with \\\"Americana\\\". He is listed by Harold Bloom as being among the preeminent contemporary American writers, in the company of such figures as Philip Roth, Cormac McCarthy, and Thomas Pynchon. His 1997 novel \\\"Underworld\\\" chronicles American life through and immediately after the Cold War and is usually considered his masterpiece. It was also the runner-up in a survey that\",\n \"title\": \"American literature\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3208441\",\n \"text\": \"by three Nobel Laureates: Harold Pinter, Samuel Beckett, and T. S. Eliot. Other playwrights subsequently joined Faber, including Alan Ayckbourn, Alan Bennett, Brian Friel, Tony Harrison, David Hare, Frank McGuinness, and Timberlake Wertenbaker. Modern writers such as Kazuo Ishiguro, Peter Carey, Orhan Pamuk, and Barbara Kingsolver also joined Faber. Having published the theatrical works of Samuel Beckett for several years, the company acquired the rights to the remainder of his oeuvre from the publishing house of John Calder in 2007. Faber announced in October 2011 that Jarvis Cocker, lead singer of the band Pulp, would be joining as editor-at-large, an\",\n \"title\": \"Faber and Faber\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"624087\",\n \"text\": \"Thornton Wilder Thornton Niven Wilder (April 17, 1897 – December 7, 1975) was an American playwright and novelist. He won three Pulitzer Prizes—for the novel \\\"The Bridge of San Luis Rey\\\", and for the plays \\\"Our Town\\\" and \\\"The Skin of Our Teeth\\\" — and a U.S. National Book Award for the novel \\\"The Eighth Day\\\". Wilder was born in Madison, Wisconsin, the son of Amos Parker Wilder, a newspaper editor and U.S. diplomat, and Isabella Niven Wilder. All of the Wilder children spent part of their childhood in China. His older brother, Amos Niven Wilder, became Hollis Professor of\",\n \"title\": \"Thornton Wilder\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2322925\",\n \"text\": \"Herman Wouk Herman Wouk (; born May 27, 1915) is an American author. His 1951 novel \\\"The Caine Mutiny\\\" won the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction. His other works include \\\"The Winds of War\\\" and \\\"War and Remembrance\\\", historical novels about World War II, and non-fiction such as \\\"This Is My God\\\", a popular explanation of Judaism from a Modern Orthodox perspective, written for Jewish and non-Jewish audiences. His books have been translated into 27 languages. \\\"The Washington Post\\\" called Wouk, who cherishes his privacy, \\\"the reclusive dean of American historical novelists.\\\" Historians, novelists, publishers, and critics who gathered at the\",\n \"title\": \"Herman Wouk\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3281739\",\n \"text\": \"Anne Tyler Anne Tyler (born October 25, 1941) is an American novelist, short story writer, and literary critic. She has published 22 novels, the best known of which are \\\"Dinner at the Homesick Restaurant\\\" (1982), \\\"The Accidental Tourist\\\" (1985), and \\\"Breathing Lessons\\\" (1988). All three were finalists for the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction with \\\"Breathing Lessons\\\" winning the prize in 1989. She has also won the Janet Heidinger Kafka Prize, the Ambassador Book Award, and the National Book Critics Circle Award. In 2012 she was awarded \\\"The Sunday Times\\\" Award for Literary Excellence. Tyler’s twentieth novel, A Spool of Blue\",\n \"title\": \"Anne Tyler\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20895377\",\n \"text\": \"Alexandra Styron Claire Alexandra Styron known as Alexandra Styron, is an American author and professor. Styron is the youngest child of author William Styron and poet and human rights activist Rose Burgunder. She grew up in Roxbury, Connecticut, and in Martha’s Vineyard. Styron attended Barnard College, and later the MFA Creative Writing program at Columbia University. After a brief stint as an actress, Styron turned to writing and is the author of several books. Her most-noted work, 2011 memoir \\\"Reading My Father,\\\" detailed her life growing up with the Pulitzer Prize-winning novelist and explored his decades-long struggle with major clinical\",\n \"title\": \"Alexandra Styron\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4651591\",\n \"text\": \"important works by European writers such as \\\"The Tin Drum\\\" by Günter Grass, who would later receive a Nobel Prize for his work; \\\"Madness and Civilization\\\" by Michel Foucault, \\\"The Lover\\\" by Marguerite Duras, and \\\"Adieux\\\" by Simone de Beauvoir. By the late 1960s, Pantheon started to bring American writers such as Noam Chomsky, James Loewen and Studs Terkel to European readers. In 1965, RCA bought Random House. Throughout the 1970s, Pantheon continued to publish intellectual and often leftist works of fiction and nonfiction \\\"without a profit-and-loss sheet in sight\\\". In other words, Pantheon editors prided themselves on subsidizing the\",\n \"title\": \"Pantheon Books\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1341147\",\n \"text\": \"by Philip Roth just knocked me on my ass... To be in his sixties making work that is so strong, so full of revelations about love and emotional pain, that's the way to live your artistic life. Sustain, sustain, sustain.\\\" (The above four books are collected as \\\"Zuckerman Bound\\\") Two of Roth's works won the National Book Award for Fiction; four others were finalists. Two won National Book Critics Circle awards; again, another five were finalists. He has also won three PEN/Faulkner Awards (\\\"Operation Shylock,\\\" \\\"The Human Stain,\\\" and \\\"Everyman\\\") and a Pulitzer Prize for his 1997 novel, \\\"American Pastoral\\\".\",\n \"title\": \"Philip Roth\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17889459\",\n \"text\": \"that the public has a role in government.\\\" Other journalism honored included the \\\"Boston Globe\\\"s coverage of the Boston Marathon bombings, Chris Hamby for investigative reporting, and Eli Saslow for explanatory reporting. \\\"The Goldfinch\\\" by Donna Tartt won the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction. The judges described the novel, which took Tartt 11 years to write, as \\\"a beautifully written coming-of-age novel with exquisitely drawn characters\\\". In addition to the award itself, Tartt received a $100,000 cash prize. She said she was \\\"surprised\\\" and \\\"very happy\\\" to receive the award, her first major literary prize. Over all, the novel has drawn\",\n \"title\": \"2014 Pulitzer Prize\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12639078\",\n \"text\": \"between August and September 1994. The film was released a few days before the premiere of \\\"Scarlett\\\", the sequel of \\\"Gone with the Wind\\\". A Burning Passion: The Margaret Mitchell Story A Burning Passion: The Margaret Mitchell Story is a 1994 biographical television film directed by Larry Peerce. The film is about the Pulitzer Prize-winning novel writer Margaret Mitchell, who landed to fame when she wrote \\\"Gone with the Wind\\\". The film was praised by critics, with them especially complimenting Memphis, Tennessee-born Shannen Doherty's Old Southern accent. Margaret grows up to become a respectable lady in the South, just like\",\n \"title\": \"A Burning Passion: The Margaret Mitchell Story\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"417803\",\n \"text\": \"authoritarianism and communalism, and the nexus between resistance and complicity, but with a typically Pynchonian sense of humor. In 1988, he received a MacArthur Fellowship and, since the early 1990s at least, he has been frequently cited as a contender for the Nobel Prize in Literature. American literary critic Harold Bloom named him as one of the four major American novelists of his time, along with Don DeLillo, Philip Roth, and Cormac McCarthy. Pynchon's fifth novel, \\\"Mason & Dixon\\\", was published in 1997, though it had been a work in progress since at least January 1975. The meticulously researched novel\",\n \"title\": \"Thomas Pynchon\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16875537\",\n \"text\": \"Edwin Mullhouse Edwin Mullhouse: The Life and Death of an American Writer 1943-1954, by Jeffrey Cartwright is the critically acclaimed debut novel by American author Steven Millhauser, published in 1972 and written in the form of a biography of a fictitious person by a fictitious author. It was Millhauser's best known novel until the publication of his Pulitzer Prize-winning \\\"Martin Dressler\\\" in 1997, and according to Patrick McGrath writing in \\\"The New York Times\\\" it is his best work. \\\"Edwin Mullhouse\\\" is described by \\\"Publishers Weekly\\\" as a 'cult novel'. Jeffrey Cartwright plays Boswell to Edwin Mullhouse's Johnson, and writes\",\n \"title\": \"Edwin Mullhouse\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4726431\",\n \"text\": \"Delia Ephron Delia Ephron ( ; born July 12, 1944) is an American bestselling author, screenwriter, and playwright. Ephron was born in New York City, the second eldest of four daughters of screenwriters Phoebe and Henry Ephron. She is Jewish. Her movies include \\\"You've Got Mail\\\", \\\"The Sisterhood of the Traveling Pants\\\", \\\"Hanging Up\\\" (based on her novel), and \\\"Michael\\\". She has written novels for adults (\\\"Hanging Up\\\" and the recent \\\"The Lion Is In\\\") and teenagers (\\\"Frannie in Pieces\\\" and \\\"The Girl with the Mermaid Hair\\\"), books of humor, (\\\"How to Eat Like a Child\\\"), and essays. Her journalism\",\n \"title\": \"Delia Ephron\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4281558\",\n \"text\": \"1919. After a brief career as an actor, he became a novelist in his early twenties with the publication of \\\"Monday Morning\\\" (1925), written when he was nineteen. \\\"Craven House\\\" (1926) and \\\"Twopence Coloured\\\" (1928) followed, but his first real success was the play \\\"Rope\\\" (1929, known as \\\"Rope's End\\\" in America). \\\"The Midnight Bell\\\" (1929) is based upon Hamilton's falling in love with a prostitute and was later published along with \\\"The Siege of Pleasure\\\" (1932) and \\\"The Plains of Cement\\\" (1934) as the semi-autobiographical trilogy \\\"Twenty Thousand Streets Under the Sky\\\" (1935). Hamilton disliked many aspects of modern\",\n \"title\": \"Patrick Hamilton (writer)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7503568\",\n \"text\": \"Writers of America, and was once President of the International Association of Crime Writers. The film rights for \\\"The Dinosaur Club\\\" were sold to Warner Bros in 1997 for $1 million. William Heffernan William Heffernan (born August 22, 1940) is an American novelist born in New Haven, Connecticut. Before becoming a novelist, Heffernan was an investigative reporter for the \\\"New York Daily News\\\". For that work he was thrice nominated for a Pulitzer Prize. Heffernan left journalism in 1978 after receiving his first book contract for the novel \\\"Broderick\\\". He won the Heywood Broun Award twice, received the Robert F.\",\n \"title\": \"William Heffernan\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1602397\",\n \"text\": \"Harper Lee Nelle Harper Lee (April 28, 1926February 19, 2016) was an American novelist widely known for \\\"To Kill a Mockingbird\\\", published in 1960. Immediately successful, it won the 1961 Pulitzer Prize and has become a classic of modern American literature. Though Lee had only published this single book, in 2007 she was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom for her contribution to literature. Additionally, Lee received numerous honorary degrees, though she declined to speak on those occasions. She was also known for assisting her close friend Truman Capote in his research for the book \\\"In Cold Blood\\\" (1966). Capote\",\n \"title\": \"Harper Lee\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4932941\",\n \"text\": \"In \\\"Slaughterhouse-Five\\\", Kurt Vonnegut has Billy Pilgrim in a Manhattan radio studio amongst a group of literary critics there \\\"to discuss whether the novel was dead or not.\\\" \\\"One of them said that it would be a fine time to bury the novel now that a Virginian, one hundred years after Appomattox, had written \\\"Uncle Tom's Cabin\\\" – \\\"a reference to Styron's novel. Bill Clinton has cited the novel as one of his favorite books. The Confessions of Nat Turner The Confessions of Nat Turner is a 1967 Pulitzer Prize-winning novel by U.S. writer William Styron. Presented as a first-person\",\n \"title\": \"The Confessions of Nat Turner\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3700184\",\n \"text\": \"for a film, but eventually became a television series instead. \\\"A Journey to Matecumbe\\\" was adapted in 1976 as the Disney movie \\\"Treasure of Matecumbe\\\". His novel \\\"Professor Fodorski\\\" served as the basis for the 1962 musical \\\"All American\\\". Taylor died on September 30, 1998, six days after his 86th birthday. Robert Lewis Taylor Robert Lewis Taylor (September 24, 1912 – September 30, 1998) was an American writer and winner of the 1959 Pulitzer Prize for Fiction. Born in Carbondale, Illinois, Taylor attended Southern Illinois University for one year. The university now houses his papers. He graduated from the University\",\n \"title\": \"Robert Lewis Taylor\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15087319\",\n \"text\": \"Julia Cheiffetz Julia Cheiffetz (born September 18, 1978) is an Executive Editor at HarperCollins, a division of News Corporation. She has published Harold Bloom, Stanley Fish, Greg Graffin, Erica Jong, Gayle Tzemach Lemmon, Stephen Marche, Cass Sunstein, Jessica Valenti, and Sam Wasson, whose breakout bestseller \\\"Fifth Avenue, 5 A.M.\\\" was widely acclaimed. In 2008 Cheiffetz acquired \\\"Devil in the Grove\\\" by Gilbert King which won the 2013 Pulitzer Prize for Nonfiction and was called \\\"a richly detailed chronicle of racial injustice\\\" by the Pulitzer committee. The film adaptation is currently in development. In 2014 Cheiffetz commissioned and edited the \\\"New\",\n \"title\": \"Julia Cheiffetz\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4112975\",\n \"text\": \"David McCullough David Gaub McCullough (; born July 7, 1933) is an American author, narrator, historian, and lecturer. He is a two-time winner of the Pulitzer Prize and the National Book Award and a recipient of the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the United States' highest civilian award. Born and raised in Pittsburgh, McCullough earned a degree in English literature from Yale University. His first book was \\\"The Johnstown Flood\\\" (1968); and he has since written nine more on such topics as Harry S. Truman, John Adams, the Brooklyn Bridge, and the Wright brothers. McCullough has also narrated numerous documentaries, such\",\n \"title\": \"David McCullough\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3674033\",\n \"text\": \"Robert Stone (novelist) Robert Stone (August 21, 1937 – January 10, 2015) was an American novelist. He was twice a finalist for the Pulitzer Prize and once for the PEN/Faulkner Award. Stone was five times a finalist for the National Book Award for Fiction, which he did receive in 1975 for his novel \\\"Dog Soldiers\\\". \\\"Time\\\" magazine included this novel in its list \\\"TIME 100 Best English-language Novels from 1923 to 2005\\\". \\\"Dog Soldiers\\\" was adapted into the film \\\"Who'll Stop the Rain\\\" (1978) starring Nick Nolte, from a script that Stone co-wrote. During his lifetime Stone received material support\",\n \"title\": \"Robert Stone (novelist)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3309968\",\n \"text\": \"The novel uses several incidents from Drury's fifteen years in Washington as pegs for the story, about a controversial nominee for Secretary of State. Addressing the suggestion that the book was a \\\"roman à clef\\\", Drury wrote a very sharply worded preface which was only published in the new edition: The novel spent 102 weeks on \\\"The New York Times\\\" Best Seller list. It won the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction in 1960. It was adapted into a well-received Broadway play by Loring Mandel, who is known for a highly successful career writing for television. Otto Preminger directed an acclaimed 1962\",\n \"title\": \"Allen Drury\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"551640\",\n \"text\": \"Tennessee Williams Thomas Lanier \\\"Tennessee\\\" Williams III (March 26, 1911 – February 25, 1983) was an American playwright. Along with contemporaries Eugene O'Neill and Arthur Miller, he is considered among the three foremost playwrights of 20th-century American drama. After years of obscurity, at age 33 he became suddenly famous with the success of \\\"The Glass Menagerie\\\" (1944) in New York City. This play closely reflected his own unhappy family background. It was the first of a string of successes, including \\\"A Streetcar Named Desire\\\" (1947), \\\"Cat on a Hot Tin Roof\\\" (1955), and \\\"Sweet Bird of Youth\\\" (1959). With his\",\n \"title\": \"Tennessee Williams\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1672822\",\n \"text\": \"John O'Hara John Henry O'Hara (January 31, 1905 – April 11, 1970) was an American writer who earned his early literary reputation for short stories and became a best-selling novelist before the age of 30 with \\\"Appointment in Samarra\\\" and \\\"BUtterfield 8\\\". His work stands out among that of contemporaries for its unvarnished realism. While O'Hara's legacy as a writer is debated, his champions rank him highly among the underappreciated and unjustly neglected major American writers of the 20th century. Few college students educated after O'Hara's death in 1970 have discovered him, chiefly because he refused to allow his work\",\n \"title\": \"John O'Hara\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1575612\",\n \"text\": \"Norman Mailer Norman Kingsley Mailer (January 31, 1923 – November 10, 2007) was an American novelist, journalist, essayist, playwright, film-maker, actor, and liberal political activist. His novel \\\"The Naked and the Dead\\\" was published in 1948 and brought him renown. His 1968 nonfiction novel \\\"Armies of the Night\\\" won the Pulitzer Prize for non-fiction as well as the National Book Award. His best-known work is widely considered to be \\\"The Executioner's Song\\\", the 1979 winner of the Pulitzer Prize for fiction. In over six decades of work, Mailer had eleven best selling books in each of the seven decades after\",\n \"title\": \"Norman Mailer\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3347747\",\n \"text\": \"Charles Gilman Norris Chuck Gilman Norris (April 23, 1881 – July 25, 1945) was an American novelist. He was the brother of novelist Frank Norris, and the husband of author Kathleen Norris. A native of Chicago, Norris worked as a journalist for some years before finding success as a novelist and playwright. His first book was \\\"The Amateur\\\" (1916). His other novels include \\\"Salt\\\" (1919), \\\"Brass: A Novel of Marriage\\\" (1921), \\\"Bread\\\" (1923), \\\"Pig Iron\\\" (1926), \\\"Seed: A Novel of Birth Control\\\" (1930), \\\"Zest\\\" (1933), \\\"Hands\\\" (1935), and \\\"Flint\\\" (1944). Norris was well respected by his literary peers. In a\",\n \"title\": \"Charles Gilman Norris\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2095938\",\n \"text\": \"James Bond film \\\"Tomorrow Never Dies\\\". Meyer adapted the Philip Roth novel \\\"The Human Stain\\\" into the 2003 film of the same name. In 2006, he teamed with Martin Scorsese to write the screenplay for Scorsese's adaptation of Edmund Morris's Pulitzer Prize winning biography of Theodore Roosevelt, \\\"The Rise of Theodore Roosevelt\\\". The story traces Roosevelt's early life. The two part, four hour, History Channel event miniseries, \\\"Houdini\\\", starring Adrien Brody, aired over Labor Day 2014. Meyer’s script was nominated for a WGA award and the series was nominated for seven Emmys. In 2016, he co-created the Italian-British series \\\"\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"Nicholas Meyer\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"329298\",\n \"text\": \"Pulitzer Prize The Pulitzer Prize is an award for achievements in newspaper, magazine and online journalism, literature, and musical composition in the United States. It was established in 1917 by provisions in the will of American (Hungarian-born) Joseph Pulitzer who had made his fortune as a newspaper publisher, and is administered by Columbia University in New York City. Prizes are awarded yearly in twenty-one categories. In twenty of the categories, each winner receives a certificate and a US$15,000 cash award (raised from $10,000 in 2017). The winner in the public service category of the journalism competition is awarded a gold\",\n \"title\": \"Pulitzer Prize\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12373008\",\n \"text\": \"four-time winner of the Pulitzer Prize for drama and the only American playwright to win the Nobel Prize for literature. After O'Neill, American drama came of age and flourished with the likes of Arthur Miller, Tennessee Williams, Lillian Hellman, William Inge, and Clifford Odets during the first half of the twentieth century. After this fertile period, American theater broke new ground, artistically, with the absurdist forms of Edward Albee in the 1960s. Social commentary has also been a preoccupation of American theater, often addressing issues not discussed in the mainstream. Writers such as Lorraine Hansbury, August Wilson, David Mamet and\",\n \"title\": \"Culture of the United States\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1292595\",\n \"text\": \"John P. Marquand John Phillips Marquand (November 10, 1893 – July 16, 1960) was an American writer. Originally best known for his Mr. Moto spy stories, he achieved popular success and critical respect for his satirical novels, winning a Pulitzer Prize for \\\"The Late George Apley\\\" in 1938. One of his abiding themes was the confining nature of life in America's upper class and among those who aspired to join it. Marquand treated those whose lives were bound by these unwritten codes with a characteristic mix of respect and satire. Marquand was the son of Philip Marquand and his wife\",\n \"title\": \"John P. Marquand\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2025861\",\n \"text\": \"fine writers who, like Thomas Hardy, were not modernists. Novelists include: Rudyard Kipling (1865–1936), who was also a successful poet; H. G. Wells (1866–1946); John Galsworthy (1867–1933), (Nobel Prize in Literature, 1932), whose novels include \\\"The Forsyte Saga\\\" (1906–21); Arnold Bennett (1867–1931) author of \\\"The Old Wives' Tale\\\" (1908); G. K. Chesterton (1874–1936); E.M. Forster (1879–1970). The most popular British writer of the early years of the 20th century was arguably Rudyard Kipling, a highly versatile writer of novels, short stories and poems, and to date the youngest ever recipient of the Nobel Prize for Literature (1907). H. G. Wells\",\n \"title\": \"British literature\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7518602\",\n \"text\": \"Book Award. He edited \\\"Behold the Dreamers\\\" by Imbolo Imbue, winner of the 2017 PEN/Faulkner Award and the 2017 Oprah Book Club selection. Ebershoff has also edited writers such as Charles Bock, Jennifer duBois, Nobel Peace Prize-winner Shirin Ebadi, Academy Award-winning actress Diane Keaton, and Pulitzer Prize winners Sonia Nazario, Amy Ellis Nutt, Sebastian Smee, and Robert Massey. Ebershoff was Jane Jacobs's editor on her final two books and was Norman Mailer's editor for the last five years of his life. Working with Truman Capote's estate, he oversaw the Capote publications for Random House, and was the editor of \\\"The\",\n \"title\": \"David Ebershoff\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"compressed_ctxs_1":{"kind":"string","value":"{\n \"compressed_prompt\": \"Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\\n\\ntitle: Borden Chase context: of the Hollywood blacklist. Chase suffered a stroke on 12 December 1970. He died in March 1971. The Borden Chase cocktail is named after him. Borden Chase Borden Chase (January 11, 1900 – March 8, 1971) was an American writer. Born Frank Fowler, he left school at fourteen went through an assortment of jobs, including driving for gangster Frankie Yale and working as a sandhog on the construction of New York City' Holland Tunnel, where he worked with Norman Redwood. He turned to writing, first short stories and novels, and later, screenplays. He changed his name to Borden Chase, allegedly\\n\\nWhat Pulitzer Prize-winning novelist worked as a hod carrier, wheeling 100-pound barrows of concrete along scaffolding, during construction of New York's Madison Square Garden in the 1920s?\",\n \"compressed_tokens\": 223,\n \"origin_tokens\": 223,\n \"ratio\": \"1.0x\",\n \"saving\": \", Saving $0.0 in GPT-4.\"\n}"},"compressed_ctxs_100":{"kind":"string","value":"{\n \"compressed_prompt\": \"Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\\n\\ntitle: Booth Tarkington context: fantasizes about Miss Pratt by the rescue of precious little Flopit from an automobile's rushing wheels. In June 2019, The Library of America will publish \\\"Booth Tarkington: Novels & Stories\\\" , collecting \\\"The Magnificent Ambersons\\\" and \\\"Alice Adams\\\" and \\\"In the Arena: Stories of Political Life\\\". Booth Tarkington Newton Booth Tarkington (July 29, 1869 – May 19, 1946) was an American novelist and dramatist best known for his novels \\\"The Magnificent Ambersons\\\" and \\\"Alice Adams\\\". He is one of only three novelists to win the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction more than once, along with William Faulkner and John Updike.\\n\\ntitle: Upton Sincla context: Upton Sinclair U Beall Sinclair Jr.September 20, 187 – November 25, 1968) was an American writer who nearly 100 books and other works in several genres. Sincla' work was well known and popular in the first half of 20th century, and he won the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction in 1943 In 16 Sincla particular fame classic muck-raking novel \\\"The Jungle\\\", which exposed labor and sanitary conditions in the U.S. meatpacking causing a public uproar that contributed in part to the passage a few months later of 1906 Pure Food and Drug Act\\n context asving Berlin, Por, Stephen Sondheim become pop Eugene O'Ne literature prize in16.Satists multipleitzer Tennessee Edward Albee,. Chographadoracantha Georgeome0th-century Although little known the time, Charles Ives's work of the 90 as U.., experimental such Henry John C aive to\\n Widde88 1978) was an American poet and novelist. She won the Pulitzer Prize (known then as the Columbia University Prize) in 1919 for her collection \\\"The Old Road to Paradise\\\", shared with Carl Sandburg for \\\"Cornhuskers\\\". Margaret Widdemer was born in Doylestown, Pennsylvania, and grew up in Asbury Park, New Jersey, where her father, Howard T. Widdemer, was a minister of the First Congregational Church. She graduated from the Drexel Institute Library School in 1909. She first came to public attention with her poem \\\"The Factories\\\", which treated the subject of\\n\\nWhat Pulitzer Prize-winning novelist worked as a hod carrier, wheeling 100-pound barrows of concrete along scaffolding, during construction of New York's Madison Square Garden in the 1920s?\",\n \"compressed_tokens\": 575,\n \"origin_tokens\": 15780,\n \"ratio\": \"27.4x\",\n \"saving\": \", Saving $0.9 in GPT-4.\"\n}"}}},{"rowIdx":287,"cells":{"id":{"kind":"number","value":287,"string":"287"},"question":{"kind":"string","value":"In what play does the title character have a son named Swiss Cheese?"},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["Mother Courage and Her Children by Bertolt Brecht"],"string":"[\n \"Mother Courage and Her Children by Bertolt Brecht\"\n]","isConversational":false},"target":{"kind":"string","value":"Mother Courage and Her Children by Bertolt Brecht"},"ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"id":"14287682","text":"Leland Crooke Leland Crooke is an American actor from stage and film. He is known from several stage plays and films by David Beaird. In February 1980, Crooke gave his stage debut in the play Bal (Richard Nelson's loosely adaption of Bertolt Brecht's play \"Baal\" with James Belushi in title role) which was staged at the Goodman Theatre in Chicago. In October of the same year he was cast as Swiss Cheese, the youngest son of Mother Courage in Sharon Ott's adaption of Brecht's play \"Mother Courage and Her Children\" at the Milwaukee Repertory Theater in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. In 1981","title":"Leland Crooke"},{"id":"14287684","text":"roles in television series including \"Key West\" (created by Beaird), \"Matlock\", \"Melrose Place\", \"ER\", \"\", \"Buffy the Vampire Slayer\", \"JAG\", \"Angel\", and \"Charmed\". Leland Crooke Leland Crooke is an American actor from stage and film. He is known from several stage plays and films by David Beaird. In February 1980, Crooke gave his stage debut in the play Bal (Richard Nelson's loosely adaption of Bertolt Brecht's play \"Baal\" with James Belushi in title role) which was staged at the Goodman Theatre in Chicago. In October of the same year he was cast as Swiss Cheese, the youngest son of Mother","title":"Leland Crooke"},{"id":"3440543","text":"all the European states. It follows the fortunes of Anna Fierling, nicknamed \"Mother Courage,\" a wily woman with the Swedish Army, who is determined to make her living from the war. Over the course of the play, she loses all three of her children, Swiss Cheese, Eilif, and Kattrin, to the very war from which she tried to profit. The name of the central character, Mother Courage, is drawn from the picaresque writings of the 17th-century German writer Grimmelshausen. His central character in the early short novel, \"The Runagate Courage,\" also struggles and connives her way through the Thirty Years'","title":"Mother Courage and Her Children"},{"id":"3440547","text":"is set in the 17th century in Europe during the Thirty Years' War. The Recruiting Officer and Sergeant are introduced, both complaining about the difficulty of recruiting soldiers to the war. Anna Fierling (Mother Courage) enters pulling a cart containing provisions for sale to soldiers, and introduces her children Eilif, Kattrin, and Schweizerkas (\"Swiss Cheese\"). The sergeant negotiates a deal with Mother Courage while Eilif is conscripted by the Recruiting Officer. Two years thereafter, Mother Courage argues with a Protestant General's cook over a capon, and Eilif is congratulated by the General for killing peasants and slaughtering their cattle. Eilif","title":"Mother Courage and Her Children"},{"id":"10426116","text":"productions with Digby Day serving as assistant director. As an actor, he appeared in the role of Swiss Cheese in the Midlands premiere of Brecht's \"Mother Courage\" in Stratford-upon-Avon, 1961. He is credited with discovering actors Ralph Fiennes and Hugh Grant. He trained at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art and was the school's first ever directing student. Interview with Richard Digby Day - a British Library Theatre Archive Project sound recording For production photos of some Shakespeare plays Digby Day staged at the Open Air Theatre in Regent's Park during the early 1970s, visit: http://www.ahds.rhul.ac.uk/ahdscollections/docroot/shakespeare/performancedetails.do?performanceId=11870 and http://www.ahds.rhul.ac.uk/ahdscollections/docroot/shakespeare/performancedetails.do?performanceId=11649 A brief","title":"Richard Digby Day"},{"id":"3440548","text":"and his mother sing \"The Fishwife and the Soldier\". Mother Courage scolds her son for endangering himself. Three years later, Swiss Cheese works as an army paymaster. The camp prostitute, Yvette Pottier, sings \"The Fraternization Song\". Mother Courage uses this song to warn Kattrin against involving herself with soldiers. Before the Catholic troops arrive, the Cook and Chaplain bring a message from Eilif. Swiss Cheese hides the regiment's paybox from invading soldiers, and Mother Courage and companions change their insignia from Protestant to Catholic. Swiss Cheese is captured and tortured by the Catholics having hidden the paybox by the river.","title":"Mother Courage and Her Children"},{"id":"3440549","text":"Mother Courage attempts bribery to free him, planning to pawn the wagon first and redeem it with the regiment money. When Swiss Cheese claims that he has thrown the box in the river, Mother Courage backtracks on the price, and Swiss Cheese is killed. Fearing to be shot as an accomplice, Mother Courage does not acknowledge his body, and it is discarded. Later, Mother Courage waits outside the General's tent to register a complaint and sings the \"Song of Great Capitulation\" to a young soldier anxious to complain of inadequate pay. The song persuades both to withdraw their complaints. When","title":"Mother Courage and Her Children"},{"id":"8446805","text":"Sam Beckett Dr. Samuel \"Sam\" Beckett is a fictional character and the protagonist on the science fiction television series \"Quantum Leap\", played by Scott Bakula. Initially, the audience knows very little about Sam, much as Sam knows little about himself due to holes in his memory dubbed the \"Swiss cheese effect.\" Sam Beckett was born at 12:30 pm EST on August 8, 1953, in Elk Ridge, Indiana to dairy farmer John Samuel Beckett and his wife Thelma Louise Beckett. As a child, he had two cats, named Donner and Blitzen, but never had a dog. Sam was a child prodigy,","title":"Sam Beckett"},{"id":"3440557","text":"Elliott as Katrin, Digby Day as Swiss Cheese, and James Orr as Eiliff. The play received its American premiere at Cleveland Play House in 1958, starring Harriet Brazier as Mother Courage. The play was directed by Benno Frank and the set was designed by Paul Rodgers. The first Broadway production of \"Mother Courage\" opened at the Martin Beck Theatre on 28 March 1963. It was directed by Jerome Robbins, starred Anne Bancroft, and featured Barbara Harris and Gene Wilder. It ran for 52 performances and was nominated for 5 Tonys. During this production Wilder first met Bancroft's then-boyfriend, Mel Brooks.","title":"Mother Courage and Her Children"},{"id":"16149164","text":"identities and the senses at the heart of the plot by adding actors from the Royal Shakespeare Company as stagehands who interrupt the action, leaving audiences to wonder just what kind of innovative dance-theater piece they had witnessed. The production was revived in Zurich in 2010. Besides evening-length classical ballets, numerous contemporary ballets with a story line or evocative meaning, such as \"Verklärte Nacht\" (\"Radiant Night\"), and lighthearted works such as \"Chäs\" (\"Cheese\"), Spoerli produced a number of neoclassical, abstract works. Among them are \"Goldberg Variations\", \"In den Winden im Nichts\" (\"Winds in the Void\"), and \"Wäre heute morgen und","title":"Heinz Spoerli"},{"id":"10881605","text":"The original book by George S. Kaufman centered on Horace J. Fletcher, a Babbitt-like cheese tycoon who tries to maintain his monopoly on the American market by convincing the United States government to declare war on Switzerland. The story ended darkly. The 1930 plot by Ryskind, softened the political overtones, increased the emphasis on romance and added a happy ending. It relegated the war plot to a dream sequence. The incident that incites war concerned chocolate instead of cheese. Workers at the Horace J. Fletcher American Cheese Company sing their daily vocal exercises (\"Fletcher's American Cheese Choral Society\") to start","title":"Strike Up the Band (musical)"},{"id":"6223197","text":"in the kitchen's refrigerator, the only obstacle being the resident house cat. Babbit attempts to coerce Catstello (often by beating him up) into going after the cheese solo, using various methods to get it (which involved Catstello getting hurt). However, in the end, it is Swiss cheese, which Babbit can't stand. Angrily, Catstello beats \"him\" up and begins force-feeding the cheese, uttering one of his archetype Lou Costello's famous lines: \"\"Oh\" — I'm a \"baaaaad\" boy!\" (At one point in \"A Tale of Two Kitties\", he similarly remarks, \"I'm a \"baaaaad\" pussycat!\") They make a cameo in 1946's \"Hollywood Canine","title":"Babbit and Catstello"},{"id":"11825260","text":"is a 501(c)(3) not-for-profit organization. \"Wuthering Heights\", \"A Female Philoctetes\", \"Twelfth Night\", \"Fahrenheit 451\", \"Herakles\", \"Cyrano de Bergerac\", \"Taming Of The Shrew\", \"Macbeth\", \"The Importance Of Being Earnest\", \"Six Characters In Search Of An Author\", \"A Midsummer Night's Dream\", \"As You Like It\", \"An Enemy Of The People\", \"The Iliad\", \"The Comedy of Errors\", \"Catch-22\", \"Julius Caesar\", \"Prometheus Bound\" with David Oyelowo, \"Romeo & Juliet\", \"The Canterbury Tales\", \"Much Ado About Nothing\", \"Hamlet\", \"The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll & Mr. Hyde\", H G Wells' \"The Invisible Man\", with choreographer Doug Varone, \"Twelfth Night\", \"A Very Naughty Greek Play\", \"Oedipus","title":"Aquila Theatre"},{"id":"3666639","text":"office success. It has been revived twice on Broadway and in concert stagings in the U.S. and in London. In 1932, \"Of Thee I Sing\" was the first musical to win the Pulitzer Prize for Drama. The Gershwins and George S. Kaufman had collaborated on a satirical musical in 1927 entitled \"Strike up the Band,\" which played in Philadelphia. The show concerned a cheese manufacturer who sponsors a war against Switzerland because it will be named after him. A version of \"Strike Up the Band,\" with the book altered by Morrie Ryskind, played on Broadway in early 1930. Much of","title":"Of Thee I Sing"},{"id":"1678993","text":"Hancock for a time. After their association with Hancock had ended, they wrote a series of \"Comedy Playhouse\" (1961–62), ten one-off half-hour plays for the BBC. One play in the series, \"The Offer\", was well received, and from this emerged \"Steptoe and Son\" (1962–74), about two rag and bone men, father and son, who live together in a squalid house in West London. This was the basis for the American series \"Sanford and Son\" and the Swedish series \"Albert & Herbert\". Their comedy is characterised by a bleak and somewhat fatalistic tone. \"Steptoe and Son\" in particular is, at times,","title":"Galton and Simpson"},{"id":"7633761","text":"produced. Swiss Family Robinson (1940 film) Swiss Family Robinson is a 1940 American film released by RKO Radio Pictures and directed by Edward Ludwig. It is based on the 1812 novel \"The Swiss Family Robinson\" by Johann David Wyss and is the first feature-length film version of the story. In London in 1813, a Swiss father, William Robinson (Thomas Mitchell), wishes to escape the influence of the superficial profligacy of London on his family. His eldest son, Fritz (Tim Holt), is obsessed with Napoleon, whom he considers his hero. His middle son, Jack (Freddie Bartholomew), is a foolish dandy who","title":"Swiss Family Robinson (1940 film)"},{"id":"7633753","text":"Swiss Family Robinson (1940 film) Swiss Family Robinson is a 1940 American film released by RKO Radio Pictures and directed by Edward Ludwig. It is based on the 1812 novel \"The Swiss Family Robinson\" by Johann David Wyss and is the first feature-length film version of the story. In London in 1813, a Swiss father, William Robinson (Thomas Mitchell), wishes to escape the influence of the superficial profligacy of London on his family. His eldest son, Fritz (Tim Holt), is obsessed with Napoleon, whom he considers his hero. His middle son, Jack (Freddie Bartholomew), is a foolish dandy who cares","title":"Swiss Family Robinson (1940 film)"},{"id":"10967741","text":"Knight is wearing a suit of armor from the Middle Ages and the Nurse has enormous swollen breasts. It is implied that these two are the parents of the Young Girl and are somehow related to the Young Man as well. The Nurse claims that she is watching the Young Man and Young Girl “screwing” and that it is “incest.” She throws pieces of Swiss cheese wrapped in paper at the Knight who picks them off the ground and eats them. The Nurse and the Knight exit. The Young Man returns and describes his surroundings as the town square, naming","title":"Jet of Blood"},{"id":"12295626","text":"and self-interested courtiers, Antharis, Asprandus, and Iseas. Antharis and Clephis are old rivals; but their children, respectively son Alcidonus and daughter Selina, are in love and secretly married — though parental opposition forces them to conceal the fact and live apart. Timentes comes to be the play's clown substitute, its focus for broad humor. Andrucho and other courtiers convince Timentes that he is being pursued by an angry mob. To hide, Timentes climbs into an empty coffin, and faints from fear. He is thought dead, until he recovers consciousness and climbs back out of the coffin. Later, Timentes gains a","title":"The Swisser"},{"id":"3678851","text":"(One villain, \"Carrot Top,\" could not be tracked by bloodhounds, as he had no blood. His head was a genuine carrot. But Fosdick tracks him to his doom—with a rabbit.) Over the years, other nemeses included: Fosdick is so tough that on the rare occasions he isn't wearing his black suit, he pins his badge to his bare chest. The ramped-up comic violence depicted in \"Fearless Fosdick\" is (usually) bloodless, over-the-top and deliberately surreal. Perpetually ventilated by flying bullets, an iconic \"Fosdick\" trademark was the \"Swiss cheese look\"—with smoking bullet holes revealing his truly two-dimensional cartoon construction. The impervious detective","title":"Fearless Fosdick"},{"id":"12295631","text":"\"A Chaste Maid in Cheapside\" (1613). The moral resolution of the play, in which a rapist makes up for his crime by marrying his victim, is an abomination to modern sensibilities — but an acceptable thing to the minds of the 17th century. It occurs in other plays of the era; a notable example is found in the Fletcher collaboration \"The Queen of Corinth\" (c. 1617), though other instances could also be cited. The Swisser The Swisser is a Caroline era stage play, a tragicomedy written by Arthur Wilson. It was performed by the King's Men in the Blackfriars Theatre","title":"The Swisser"},{"id":"7223646","text":"Crossbow (TV series) Crossbow is a 1987 action/adventure television series that aired on The Family Channel. The series was produced by Steven North and Richard Schlesinger for Robert Halmi Inc., in co-production with French television network FR3, and filmed entirely on location in France. \"Crossbow\" follows the adventures of William Tell (Will Lyman) and takes place in the 14th-century in Switzerland. William Tell and his son Matthew are imprisoned by the tyrannical Gessler (Jeremy Clyde). As Governor (Landburgher in the original story) of Austria, Gessler plans to stop the Swiss uprising. Having split the apple on his son's head with","title":"Crossbow (TV series)"},{"id":"12295620","text":"in the author's hand. \"The Swisser\" shares the primary fault of Caroline drama as a whole; it is unoriginal and highly derivative of earlier works. Felix Schelling catalogued the play's stock elements as \"the lecherous tyrant; the love-lorn girl page; the banished lord...; two old men of noble houses, enemies; their children, in love; poison evaded by the substitution of a sleeping potion; a fair captive generously treated by a chivalrous soldier, her captor; and...consanguinity a bar to virtuous love.\" Schelling cites \"Campaspe\", \"Romeo and Juliet\", \"The Malcontent\", \"Philaster\", and \"'Tis Pity She's a Whore\" as dramatic precedents. (He also","title":"The Swisser"},{"id":"11806042","text":"adapter of \"The Firebugs\" (1963), by Swiss playwright Max Frisch. His more notable scene designs include such plays as \"Men in White\", \"Golden Boy\", \"Casey Jones\", \"All My Sons\", \"Desire Under the Elms\", \"The Flowering Peach\", \"A Hatful of Rain\", \"The Plough and the Stars\", \"Volpone\", \"Tortilla Flat \", \"King Hunger\", \"Processional\", and \"Mother\". His film designs include \"L'Ennemi Publique No.1\" and \"None But the Lonely Heart\". Gorelik was previously an instructor-designer for the School of Theatre, New York City (1921-22), and was on the faculty of the American Academy of Dramatic Arts (1926-32), the Drama Workshop of the New","title":"Mordecai Gorelik"},{"id":"7158014","text":"Dame of Burn. In 2012, he was featured on the documentary \"Michael Grade's History of the Pantomime Dame\", which also featured clips from the 2011 pantomime \"The York Family Robinson\", a parody of the novel The Swiss Family Robinson by Johann David Wyss. The programme aired in December 2012 on BBC Four. Berwick Kaler Berwick Kaler (born 31 October 1946) is a British actor most famous for playing the dame in York Theatre Royal's annual pantomime, which he also writes and directs. He has been awarded the freedom of the city, and in 2002 received an honorary degree from the","title":"Berwick Kaler"},{"id":"19278116","text":"Cantor and ran at the Minetta Lane Theatre in New York. Coopersmith continued bringing children's stories to the stage with his musical adaption of Johann David Wyss's \"\"Swiss Family Robinson\"\". The play was produced by the prestigious team of Barry and Fran Weissler, who later went on to produce many Broadway musical hits. Coopersmith's \"\"Swiss Family Robinson\"\" toured with the Weissler's National Theater Company, known for bringing high quality plays to high school, college and adult audiences with professional casts throughout America. In 1991, Coopersmith collaborated with Lucy Freeman to co-author \"\"The Mystery of Anna O\"\", a full-length non-musical play","title":"Jerome Coopersmith"},{"id":"981075","text":"of the suffering and death of Jesus in the Stations of the Cross. August Strindberg had pioneered this form with his autobiographical trilogy \"To Damascus\". These plays also often dramatise the struggle against bourgeois values and established authority, frequently personified by the Father. In Sorge's \"The Beggar\", (\"Der Bettler\"), for example, the young hero's mentally ill father raves about the prospect of mining the riches of Mars and is finally poisoned by his son. In Bronnen's \"Parricide\" (\"Vatermord\"), the son stabs his tyrannical father to death, only to have to fend off the frenzied sexual overtures of his mother. In","title":"Expressionism"},{"id":"11834698","text":"Rosencrantz and Guildenstern (play) Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, A Tragic Episode, in Three Tabloids is a short comic play by W. S. Gilbert, a parody of \"Hamlet\" by William Shakespeare. The main characters in Gilbert's play are King Claudius and Queen Gertrude of Denmark, their son Prince Hamlet, the courtiers Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, and Ophelia. Gilbert's play first appeared in \"Fun\" magazine in 1874 after having been rejected for production by several theatre companies. The first performance of the work was not until June 1891, a benefit matinée at the Vaudeville Theatre in London. The play finally ran at the Court","title":"Rosencrantz and Guildenstern (play)"},{"id":"469471","text":"such as \"Roseanne\", \"Coach\", \"Empty Nest\", \"Mr. Belvedere\", \"227\", \"Cheers\", \"The Cosby Show\", \"Growing Pains\", \"Night Court\", \"The Hogan Family\", \"A Different World\", \"Amen\", \"ALF\", \"Perfect Strangers\", \"Family Matters\", \"Charles in Charge\", \"Saved by the Bell\", \"My Two Dads\", \"Newhart\", \"Dear John\", \"Designing Women\", \"The Golden Girls\", \"Who's the Boss?\", \"Head of the Class\", and \"Seinfeld\", which premiered in the eighties, and \"Frasier\", a spin-off of the 1980s hit \"Cheers\" were viewed throughout the 1990s. These sitcoms, along with \"Friends\", \"That '70s Show\", \"Ellen\", \"The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air\", \"Full House\", \"Nurses\", \"The Parkers\", \"Herman's Head\", \"Murphy Brown\", \"The Wonder","title":"1990s"},{"id":"8043305","text":"John Hankin's \"The Two Mr Wetherbys\", the second act of Sheridan's The Critic, and Ibsen's \"John Gabriel Borkman\". Among the plays McMahon produced from 1911–1917 were \"Candida\", \"Getting Married\", \"Major Barbara\", \"The Doctor's Dilemma\", \"Man and Superman\", \"Fanny's First Play\", \"You Never Can Tell\", and \"Pygmalion\", all by George Bernard Shaw; \"Rosmersholm\" and \"An Enemy of the People\" by Henrik Ibsen; \"The Voysey Inheritance\" and \"The Madras House\" by Granville Barker; \"The Pigeon\", \"Strife\" and \"The Fugitive\" by Galsworthy; \"The Seagull\" by Anton Chekhov; \"The Mate\" by Arthur Schnitzler, and many other plays by leading dramatists of the period, including","title":"Gregan McMahon"},{"id":"15377965","text":"scenes in the book. One of the main characters, Kaja Solness, may be a reference to \"The Master Builder\", one of Henrik Ibsen's most well known plays. The play centres on a man named Halvard Solness, whose son is engaged to a woman named Kaja. Nesbø is likely to be familiar with the play, which is a classic of Norwegian culture (and of world theatre in general). The writer has not, however, made any statement on the possible connection between Ibsen's character and his own. The Leopold's Apple device that is a central feature of the novel is an invention","title":"The Leopard (Nesbø novel)"},{"id":"633430","text":"\"Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone\" in 1997 and ended with the seventh and final book \"Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows\" in 2007; becoming the best selling book-series in history. The series has been translated into 67 languages, placing Rowling among the most translated authors in history. Adventure stories written specifically for children began in the 19th century. Early examples include Johann David Wyss' \"The Swiss Family Robinson\" (1812), Frederick Marryat's \"The Children of the New Forest\" (1847) and Harriet Martineau's \"The Peasant and the Prince\" (1856). The Victorian era saw the development of the genre, with W.H.G. Kingston,","title":"Children's literature"},{"id":"5809158","text":"the Goodman has staged over the years include \"Hay Fever\", \"Lady Windermere's Fan\", \"The Little Foxes\", \"You Can't Take it with You\", \"Born Yesterday\", \"Pal Joey\", \"To Be Young, Gifted and Black (play)\", \"Guys and Dolls\", \"Talley's Folly\", \"A House Not Meant to Stand\", \"A Soldier's Play\", \"Fences\", \"Sunday in the Park with George\", \"The Visit\", \"Dancing at Lughnasa\", \"Arcadia\", \"Floyd Collins\", \"Hollywood Arms\", \"Dinner with Friends\", \"The Goat, or Who is Sylvia?\", \"The Light in the Piazza\", \"I Am My Own Wife\", and \"Rabbit Hole\". Goodman Theatre Goodman Theatre is a professional theater company located in Chicago's Loop. A","title":"Goodman Theatre"},{"id":"866346","text":"by comparing her son to Hamlet. Later he tries to come between them, as Hamlet had done with his mother and her new husband. The tragic developments in the plot follow in part from the scorn the mother shows for her son's play. Shakespeare adopted the play-within-a-play device for many of his other plays as well, including \"A Midsummer Night's Dream\"and \"Love's Labours Lost\". Almost the whole of \"The Taming of the Shrew\" is a play-within-a-play, presented to convince Christopher Sly, a drunken tinker, that he is a nobleman watching a private performance, but the device has no relevance to","title":"Story within a story"},{"id":"12295623","text":"the play opens, Lombard soldiers are fleeing the battlefield, after defeat by the forces of Ravenna. The Swiss mercenary Andrucho, the title character, observes and comments upon the action. The King of the Lombards enters with his courtiers, including his cowardly and defeated general Timentes. (Andrucho, an unsubtle soldier, functions as something like the King's jester; the King calls him his \"bandog,\" and allows the Swiss to criticize the courtiers with little restraint.) The King demands that Timentes rally the troops and lead a counterattack. Andrucho and the old courtier Clephis speak up critically; Clephis in particular advises the King","title":"The Swisser"},{"id":"739302","text":"to \"bull-bearing Milo\" in Act 2 of \"Troilus and Cressida\". In Emily Brontë's \"Wuthering Heights\", character Catherine Earnshaw refers to the circumstances of Milo's demise when she says, \"Who is to separate us, pray? They'll meet the fate of Milo!\" In Johann Wyss' novel \"Swiss Family Robinson\", the youngest son Franz is entrusted with a bull buffalo to raise, and from which gains comparison to Milo. Alexandre Dumas has the strongest of the Three Musketeers, Porthos, mention \"Milo of Crotona\" saying that he had replicated a list of his feats of strength - all except breaking a cord tied around","title":"Milo of Croton"},{"id":"16637011","text":"Mielziner, Oscar Hammerstein II, Clinton Wilder, Peggy Wood, William Inge, Arthur Miller. Examples of the span of productions include: \"The Doctor's Dilemma\" (George Bernard Shaw), \"The Master Builder\" (Henrik Ibsen), \"Story of a Soldier\" (music drama, Igor Stravinsky), \"Six Characters in Search of an Author\" (Luigi Pirandello), \"The Mother of Us All\" (opera, Virgil Thomson and Gertrude Stein), \"Measure for Measure\" (William Shakespeare), \"Livin the Life\" (musical based on Mark Twain's Mississippi River Tales), \"The Good Woman of Szechuan\" (Bertolt Brecht), \"Taming of the Shrew\" (William Shakespeare), \"Anna Christie\" (Eugene O'Neill). Balancing these successes were two major impediments to Houghton's","title":"Norris Houghton"},{"id":"8053703","text":"III\", \"The Beaux' Stratagem\", \"Love's Labour's Lost\", \"Othello\", \"Lorenzaccio\" (world premiere), \"Macbeth\", \"Cyrano\", \"Five by Tenn\", \"The Winter's Tale\", \"The Silent Woman\", \"The Oedipus Plays\", \"The Duchess of Malfi\", \"Timon of Athens\", \"Don Carlos\", \"Hedda Gabler\", \"King Lear\", \"Coriolanus\", \"Camino Real\", \"A Woman of No Importance\", \"King John\", \"The Merchant of Venice\", \"Peer Gynt\", \"Sweet Bird of Youth\", combined \"Henry VI, Parts 1, 2 & 3\", \"Mourning Becomes Electra\", \"Henry V\", \"Volpone\", combined \"Henry IV, Parts 1 & 2\", \"Richard II\", \"The Doctor's Dilemma\", \"Hamlet\", \"Mother Courage and Her Children\", \"Much Ado About Nothing\", \"Measure for Measure\", \"Richard III\", \"Twelfth","title":"Michael Kahn (theatre director)"},{"id":"18463270","text":"is knocked unconscious by a blonde woman and abducted. She awakens in a warehouse, where she is raped by three masked men who demand that her husband stop selling weapons to non-whites, lest they kidnap her again. This episode got 4.29 million viewers on its original network in the United States. IGN gave \"Albification\" a 7.8/10.0 rating, stating; \"Supposedly, Sons is loosely based on Hamlet. There are major differences from the two—there's no one resembling Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, for instance—but it fits. Jax is the princely Hamlet; Clay is Claudius, Gemma is Queen Gertrude and Jax's father's manuscript is the","title":"Albification"},{"id":"12967562","text":"Norwegian Ibsen Award. Also, he was nominated for another Brage Prize Award. In 2011 Harstad oversaw the first production of the complete \"Memoirs of a Breadman\"-trilogy at Black Box Teater in Oslo, a theater known for its focus on modern and contemporary theater. The plays are all a mix between comedy, tragedy and absurdism. The first part, \"Akapulco\", takes place in a fictitious Swiss village in Mexico around 1920-1930. The second part, \"Ellis Iland\" is set in Manhattan between 1906 and 1917 and focus on two immigrants, a German man called Barker and a Ukrainian man called Stoklitsky, who struggles","title":"Johan Harstad"},{"id":"2809290","text":"network on October 27, 1995. The series mainly featured plots based on the \"Goosebumps\" books, among them \"The Haunted Mask\" and \"Cuckoo Clock of Doom\". The TV series aired in over 100 countries and it was the number one rated children's TV show for three years in the United States. Margaret Loesch, formerly the CEO of Fox Kids, offered Scholastic a TV deal after her son responded positively to the \"Goosebumps\" book \"Say Cheese and Die\" she had bought for him a day earlier. A book series, titled \"Goosebumps Presents\", was based on the TV series. The first attempt at","title":"Goosebumps"},{"id":"10331961","text":"may have played the lead in \"Philaster\". He played Aretine the spy in \"The Roman Actor\", and had roles in other Massinger plays, \"The Picture\" and \"Believe as You List\"; he played the young lover Alcidonus in Arthur Wilson's \"The Swisser\" (1631). In the mid-1630s Swanston became involved in a major controversy within the King's Men. In the 1633–35 period, comedian John Shank purchased three shares in the Globe Theatre and two in the Blackfriars Theatre from William Heminges, the son and heir of John Heminges. Swanston at the time was a sharer in the acting company, but not in","title":"Eliard Swanston"},{"id":"359864","text":"Swiss cheese Swiss cheese is a generic name in North America for several related varieties of cheese, mainly of North American manufacture, which resemble Emmental cheese, a yellow, medium-hard cheese that originated in the area around Emmental, in Switzerland. Some types of Swiss cheese have a distinctive appearance, as the blocks of the cheese are riddled with holes known as \"eyes\". Swiss cheese without eyes is known as \"blind\". (The term is applied to cheeses of this style made outside Switzerland, such as Jarlsberg cheese, which originates in Norway). Three types of bacteria are used in the production of Emmental","title":"Swiss cheese"},{"id":"903009","text":"\"Steptoe and Son\", the sitcom became firmly entrenched in the television schedules. Some of the most successful examples include \"To The Manor Born,\" \"As Time Goes By\", \"Steptoe and Son\", \"Dad's Army\", \"Keeping Up Appearances\", \"Red Dwarf\", \"The Good Life\", \"The Likely Lads\", \"Fawlty Towers\", \"Allo Allo\", \"The Good Life\", \"Are You Being Served?\", \"Yes Minister\", \"Only Fools and Horses\", \"Drop The Dead Donkey\", \"Men Behaving Badly\", \"The IT Crowd\", \"Absolutely Fabulous\", \"The Vicar of Dibley\", \"The Mighty Boosh\", \"Father Ted\", \"Mr. Bean\", \"Blackadder\", \"One Foot in the Grave\", \"The Brittas Empire\", \"I'm Alan Partridge\", \" Some Mothers Do 'Ave","title":"British comedy"},{"id":"11496095","text":"writing of each author's work. Second Stage Productions include \"The Glass Menagerie,\" \"Driving Miss Daisy,\" \"Enter Laughing,\" \"Steel Magnolias,\" \"Lost in Yonkers,\" 'Art,\" \"Greater Tuna,\" \"Steeple People: A Southern Gospel Comedy,\" \"Doubt,\" \"Godspell,\" \"The 39 Steps,\" and \"The Complete Works of William Shakespeare (Abridged).\" In 2008 the Second Stage produced Thorton Wilder's \"Our Town\" as the first ever straight play on The Joseph Stein Stage. 2009 became a banner year for the Second Stage when Neil Simon's \"Barefoot in the Park\" became the first straight play to be incorporated as part of the Round Barn Theatre's main stage season. In","title":"The Round Barn Theatre"},{"id":"17183973","text":"King Victor and King Charles King Victor and King Charles was the second play written by Robert Browning for the stage. He completed it in 1839 for William Macready, who had staged \"Strafford\" two years before, but Macready rejected it as unsuitable and it was never performed. It was published in 1842 as the second number of \"Bells and Pomegranates\". The subject of the play is the strange incident in 1730–32 in the Kingdom of Sardinia in which the elderly king, Victor Amadeus II, first abdicated in favour of his son Charles Emmanuel III, and then after months of ever-increasing","title":"King Victor and King Charles"},{"id":"2166703","text":"his 2002 paper for \"The American Historical Review\", \"Buffalo Bill Meets Dracula: William F. Cody, Bram Stoker, and the Frontiers of Racial Decay\", historian Louis S. Warren writes: The chief remaining novelties at the Lyceum during Irving's term as sole manager (at the beginning of 1899 the theatre passed into the hands of a limited-liability company) were Arthur Conan Doyle's \"Waterloo\" (1894); J. Comyns Carr's \"King Arthur\" in 1895; \"Cymbeline\", in which Irving played Iachimo, in 1896; Sardou's \"Madame Sans-Gene\" in 1897; and \"Peter the Great\", a play by Laurence Irving, the actor's second son, in 1898. Irving received a","title":"Henry Irving"},{"id":"11252","text":"Alps as a place of allure and beauty, in his novel \"Julie, or the New Heloise\" (1761), Later the first wave of Romantics such as Goethe and Turner came to admire the scenery; Wordsworth visited the area in 1790, writing of his experiences in \"The Prelude\" (1799). Schiller later wrote the play \"William Tell\" (1804), which tells the story the legendary Swiss marksman William Tell as part of the greater Swiss struggle for independence from the Habsburg Empire in the early 14th century. At the end of the Napoleonic Wars, the Alpine countries began to see an influx of poets,","title":"Alps"},{"id":"10384649","text":"his \"Essais\": Rather than being a direct influence on Shakespeare, however, Montaigne may have been reacting to the same general atmosphere of the time, making the source of these lines one of context rather than direct influence. Within \"Hamlet\", the stories of five murdered fathers' sons are told: Hamlet, Laertes, Fortinbras, Pyrrhus, and Brutus. Each of them faces the question of revenge in a different way. For example, Laertes moves quickly to be \"avenged most throughly of [his] father\", while Fortinbras attacks Poland, rather than the guilty Denmark. Pyrrhus only stays his hand momentarily before avenging his father, Achilles, but","title":"Critical approaches to Hamlet"},{"id":"10373842","text":"studios. BBC Video was well known for its releases of \"Fawlty Towers\", \"Blackadder\", \"Only Fools and Horses\", \"One Foot in the Grave\", \"Dinnerladies\", \"Coupling\", \"Big Cat Diary\", \"2point4 Children\", \"Ballykissangel\", \"Monarch Of The Glen\", \"Hamish MacBeth\", \"Are You Being Served?\", \"Allo Allo\", \"As Time Goes By\", \"Blake's 7\", \"The Young Ones\", \"Bottom\", \"Filthy, Rich and Catflap\", \"Pride & Prejudice\", \"The Naked Chef\", \"The Chronicles of Narnia\", \"The Office\", \"House of Cards\", \"To Play the King\", \"The Final Cut\", \"Life on Earth\", \"The Living Planet\", \"The Trials of Life\", \"Life in the Freezer\", \"The Private Life of Plants\", \"The Life of","title":"2 Entertain"},{"id":"5180315","text":"it was \"a mediocre time-travel bore with barely enough plot for me to accuse of not making sense.\" He criticized the lack of explanation given to the Xindi's involvement in the Temporal Cold War, and said that the plot itself was akin to \"swiss cheese\" due to the number of plot holes. He gave the episode a score of one and a half out of four. A home media release of \"Carpenter Street\" has been as part of the season three DVD box set, released in the United States on September 27, 2005. The Blu-ray release of \"Enterprise\" was announced","title":"Carpenter Street (Star Trek: Enterprise)"},{"id":"5064757","text":"(2015). Similarly, hit Broadway plays are often adapted into films, whether from musicals or dramas. Some examples of American film adaptations based on successful Broadway plays are \"Arsenic and Old Lace\" (1944), \"Born Yesterday\" (1950), \"Harvey\" (1950), \"A Streetcar Named Desire\" (1951), \"The Odd Couple\" (1968), \"The Boys in the Band\" (1970), \"Agnes of God\" (1985), \"Children of a Lesser God\" (1986), Glengarry Glen Ross (1992), \"Real Women Have Curves\" (2002), \"Rabbit Hole\" (2010), and \"Fences\" (2016). On one hand, theatrical adaptation does not involve as many interpolations or elisions as novel adaptation, but on the other, the demands of","title":"Film adaptation"},{"id":"20033645","text":"existence include \"The Doctor's Dilemma\" (George Bernard Shaw), \"The Master Builder\" (Henrik Ibsen), \"Story of a Soldier\" (music drama, Igor Stravinsky), \"Six Characters in Search of an Author\" (Luigi Pirandello), \"The Mother of Us All\" (opera, Virgil Thomson and Gertrude Stein), \"Measure for Measure\" (William Shakespeare), \"Livin' the Life\" (musical based on Mark Twain's Mississippi River tales), \"The Good Woman of Szechuan\" (Bertolt Brecht), \"The Taming of the Shrew\" (William Shakespeare), and Anna Christie (Eugene O'Neill). Houghton, frustrated by the role of theatrical producer because it precluded him from directing, left the Phoenix to become a professor at Vassar College,","title":"Phoenix Theatre (New York City)"},{"id":"9234688","text":"the Camellias\" (Stuttgart Ballet, 1978), \"A Streetcar Named Desire\" (Stuttgart Ballet, 1983), \"Peer Gynt\" (1989), \"The Seagull\" (2002), \"Death in Venice\" (2003), \"The Little Mermaid\" (Royal Danish Ballet, 2005), \"Liliom\" (2011) and \"Tatiana\" (2014). Of particular importance are his adaptations of plays by William Shakespeare, including \"Romeo and Juliet\" (Frankfurt Ballet, 1971), \"A Midsummer Night's Dream\" (1977), \"Othello\" (1985), \"As You Like It\" (1985), \"Hamlet\" (Royal Danish Ballet, 1985) and \"VIVALDI, or What You Will\" (1996). He has reinterpreted and rechoreographed the seminal classics of the 19th century: \"The Nutcracker\" (Frankfurt Ballet, 1971), set in the world of 19th-century ballet,","title":"John Neumeier"},{"id":"8599796","text":"force feeds Babbit the Swiss cheese. Tale of Two Mice Tale of Two Mice is a 1945 Warner Bros. cartoon in the Looney Tunes series, directed by Frank Tashlin. It is a sequel to 1942's \"A Tale of Two Kitties\", with the Abbott and Costello characterizations (\"Babbit and Catstello\") now cast as mice. They are voiced by Tedd Pierce and Mel Blanc respectively. Babbit sends Catstello to get some cheese from the refrigerator putting Catsello in danger and peril with a cat, until finally Catsello obtains a block of cheese. Babbit doesn't want it, as he doesn't like Swiss cheese.","title":"Tale of Two Mice"},{"id":"9303058","text":"\"Wide Angle\" from 2002–2009 and has served as narrator for a number of \"Nova\" episodes starting in 2007. On stage, Sanders has appeared on Broadway in \"Loose Ends\" (1979), \"The Caine Mutiny Court-Martial\" (1983), \"Saint Joan\" (1993), and \"Pygmalion\" (2007). Off-Broadway, he appeared as George W. Bush in Sir David Hare's \"Stuff Happens\" in 2006. He then played in a number of Shakespearean plays: \"A Midsummer Night's Dream\" (Bottom, 2007), \"Hamlet\" (Ghost of Hamlet's Father/Player King/Gravedigger, 2008), \"Twelfth Night\" (as Sir Toby Belch, 2009), and the title role in Shakespeare's \"Titus Andronicus\" (2011). Sanders appeared in the Richard Nelson \"Apple","title":"Jay O. Sanders"},{"id":"6092911","text":"the play \"Something About a Soldier\". Roberts is best known for his collaborations with Woody Allen. In \"Annie Hall\", he portrayed Alvy Singer's best friend Rob. Other Allen films and/or plays in which he has appeared include both the Broadway and film versions of \"Play It Again, Sam\" (directed by Herbert Ross), \"Radio Days\" (in which his father had a voice role), \"Stardust Memories\", \"Hannah and Her Sisters\", \"A Midsummer Night's Sex Comedy\", and Woody Allen's segment for \"The Concert for New York City\". Roberts memorably portrayed the badgering Deputy Mayor Warren LaSalle in \"The Taking of Pelham One Two","title":"Tony Roberts (actor)"},{"id":"6639139","text":"film version. He portrayed Jack Lemmon's brother in the screen adaptation of Simon's \"The Prisoner of Second Avenue\", and also appeared in \"Nobody's Fool\" starring Paul Newman. Saks shared a long-term professional association with playwright/comedy writer Neil Simon, directing Simon's plays \"Biloxi Blues\", \"Brighton Beach Memoirs\", \"Jake's Women\", \"Rumors\", \"Lost in Yonkers\", \"Broadway Bound\", \"The Odd Couple\" and \"California Suite\". His additional Broadway credits included \"Enter Laughing\"; \"Half a Sixpence\"; \"Nobody Loves an Albatross\"; \"Mame\"; \"I Love My Wife\"; \"Same Time, Next Year\" and \"Rags\". Among Saks' film directing credits were \"Barefoot in the Park\", \"The Odd Couple\", \"Cactus Flower\"","title":"Gene Saks"},{"id":"6526598","text":"William Tell (play) William Tell () is a drama written by Friedrich Schiller in 1804. The story focuses on the legendary Swiss marksman William Tell as part of the greater Swiss struggle for independence from the Habsburg Empire in the early 14th century. Gioachino Rossini's four-act opera \"Guillaume Tell\" was written to a French adaptation of Schiller's play. The play was written by Friedrich Schiller between 1803 and 1804, and published that year in a first edition of 7000 copies. Since its publication, Schiller’s \"William Tell\" has been translated into many languages. Friedrich Schiller (who had never been to Switzerland,","title":"William Tell (play)"},{"id":"18513739","text":"companies and vaudeville during the 1910s and 1920s. In 1924 he would make his Broadway debut, starring as Peter Jekyll in \"The Wonderful Visit\", a play based on the novel of the same name by H. G. Wells, who also co-wrote the play. Over the next fifteen years he would appear in almost two dozen productions on the Great White Way, including such notable productions as \"Nocturne\" (1925), \"The Butter and Egg Man\" (1925–26), \"Elmer Gantry\" (1928), \"The Petrified Forest\" (1935) and \"Our Town\" (1938). It was during a revival of \"The Butter and Egg Man\" in London where Fadden","title":"Tom Fadden"},{"id":"2254436","text":"an admirer told the composer that he had heard his opera the previous night, Rossini replied \"What? The whole of it?\". Another version of the story refers only to Act II. In 1864 Offenbach quoted the patriotic trio from Act 2, \"Lorsque la Grèce est un champ de carnage\" in \"La Belle Hélène\". The famous overture to the opera is often heard independently of the complete work. Its high-energy finale, \"March Of The Swiss Soldiers,\" is particularly familiar through its use in the American radio and television shows of \"The Lone Ranger.\" Several portions of the overture were used prominently","title":"William Tell (opera)"},{"id":"1522948","text":"as \"Der Wildfang\", \"Die beiden Klingsberg\" and \"Die deutschen Kleinstädter\", which contain cameos of German life. These plays held the stage in Germany long after the once-famous \"Menschenhass und Reue\" (\"Misanthropy and Repentance\", but known in England as \"The Stranger\"), \"Graf Benjowsky\", and ambitious exotic tragedies like \"Die Sonnenjungfrau\" and \"Die Spanier in Peru\" (which Sheridan adapted as \"Pizarro\") were forgotten. Theatre historians usually consider the runaway success of \"The Stranger\", the English version of \"Menschenhass und Reue\", in both England (where it opened in 1798) and the United States as one of the harbingers of the emerging popularity of","title":"August von Kotzebue"},{"id":"3674306","text":"footage, particularly from \"Hell and High Water\", \"The Enemy Below\" and Allen's \"The Lost World\". Allen had originally intended \"Lost in Space\" (1965–68, CBS TV) to be a family show, a science fiction version of \"The Swiss Family Robinson\". It quickly developed into a children's show with episodes concentrating on the young Will Robinson, the robot and especially the comic villain Dr. Smith. The show popularized several science fiction elements that have since become widespread, such as the comic robot (e.g. \"Silent Running\", \"Star Wars\") or android (\"Logan's Run\", \"\"), the heroic child (\"Voyagers!\", Wesley Crusher), and the wacky lovable","title":"Irwin Allen"},{"id":"4001030","text":"\"Grocery lists. Spelling lists. Laundry lists. The very idea of lists has something inherently narrow, petty, unpoetic about it. \"List, list, O list!\" cried Hamlet’s father’s ghost in exasperation, and I couldn’t agree more …\" His translation of Georges Feydeau's farce, \"A Flea in Her Ear\" was produced at Chicago Shakespeare in 2006, and won the Joseph Jefferson Award for \"new adaptation\". His play, \"Is He Dead?\" adapted from an \"unproduced 1898 comedy\" by Mark Twain, ran on Broadway from December 2007 to March 2008. \"New Jerusalem\", concerning the excommunication of Baruch Spinoza, opened Off-Broadway in January 2008 (previews from","title":"David Ives"},{"id":"866345","text":"play \"The Mouse-trap\" (a title that Agatha Christie later took for the long-running play \"The Mousetrap\"). The play \"I Hate Hamlet\" and the movie \"A Midwinter's Tale\" are about a production of \"Hamlet\", which in turn includes a production of \"The Murder of Gonzago\", as does the Hamlet-based film \"Rosencrantz & Guildenstern Are Dead\" which even features a third-level puppet theatre version within their play. Similarly, in Anton Chekhov's \"The Seagull\" there are specific allusions to \"Hamlet\": in the first act a son stages a play to impress his mother, a professional actress, and her new lover; the mother responds","title":"Story within a story"},{"id":"728573","text":"responsibility for dramatic and dangerous changes to the world, has also been presented in translation. Radio plays published in English include \"Hercules in the Augean Stables\" (\"Herkules und der Stall des Augias\", 1954), \"Incident at Twilight\" (\"Abendstunde im Spätherbst\", 1952) and \"The Mission of the Vega\" (\"Das Unternehmen der Wega\", 1954). The two late works \"Labyrinth\" and \"Turmbau zu Babel\" are a collection of unfinished ideas, stories, and philosophical thoughts. In 1990, he gave two famous speeches, one in honour of Václav Havel (\"Die Schweiz, ein Gefängnis?/Switzerland a Prison?\"), the other in honour of Mikhail Gorbachev (\"Kants Hoffnung/Kant's Hope\"). Dürrenmatt","title":"Friedrich Dürrenmatt"},{"id":"6095890","text":"being elected (8 May 1837) an honorary member of the Garrick Club. For much of his life, Thomas lived in Pangbourne in Berkshire. He wrote about 25 plays, several of which had great popularity, among them \"Columbus, or a World Discovered\" (1792); \"Children in the Wood\" (1793); \"Zorinski\" (1795); \"The Way to Get Married\" (1796); \"A Cure for the Heart Ache\" (1797); \"Speed the Plough\" (1798); \"Secrets Worth Knowing\" (1798); \"The Blind Girl, or A Receipt for Beauty\" (1801); \"The School of Reform, or How to Rule a Husband\" (1805); \"Town and Country, or Which Is Best?\" (1807); \"The Knight","title":"Thomas Morton (playwright)"},{"id":"17104264","text":"another soldier describes their wounded comrades as lucky, because they'll be sent home. The men are then ordered to ride into battle, on leather saddles termed \"cows.\" Rumplestiltskin panics and, believing he is destined to die in battle the next day, crushes his own leg with a hammer. Rumplestiltskin returns home to find Milah cradling their son, Baelfire. She is aghast to see confirmation of the rumor that he took the cowardly action of wounding himself to escape the battle, and she denounces him. He didn't want to leave his son fatherless as his own father did by abandoning him,","title":"Manhattan (Once Upon a Time)"},{"id":"709200","text":"and \"Africanism\" are not proper names, but are capitalized because \"Africa\" is a proper name. Adjectives, verbs, adverbs, and derived common nouns that are capitalized (\"Swiss\" in \"Swiss cheese\"; \"Anglicize\"; \"Calvinistically\"; \"Petrarchism\") are sometimes loosely called \"proper adjectives\" (and so on), but not in mainstream linguistics. Which of these items are capitalized may be merely conventional. \"Abrahamic\", \"Buddhist\", \"Hollywoodize\", \"Freudianism\", and \"Reagonomics\" are capitalized; \"quixotic\", \"bowdlerize\", \"mesmerism\", and \"pasteurization\" are not; \"aeolian\", and \"alpinism\" may be capitalized or not. Some words or some homonyms (depending on how a body of study defines \"word\") have one meaning when capitalized and another","title":"Proper noun"},{"id":"19485657","text":"Andronicus\", \"Ricard III\", Gogol's \"Revisor\", \"Wedding\", \"The Overcoat\", Moliere's \"Don Juan\", Dostoevsky's \"Timid\", \"The House of the Dead\", Tolstoi's \"Kholstomer\", Pushkin's \"Don Juan\", \"King Sultan's Tale\", Chekhov's \"Life is Beautiful\", Bulgakov's \"Master and Marguerit\", Brecht's \"Caucasian Chalk Circle\", \"Fear and Misery of the Third Reich\", \"The Threepenny Opera\" etc. Varsimashvili is also a film director. In 2008 he directed a film version of his very popular play \"Idiotokratia\" (Idiotocracy). In 2009 he directed \"Kvelaferi Kargad Ikneba\" (Everything will be fine), which broke the all time record of sold tickets in history of independent Georgia. After that he directed four more","title":"Avtandil Varsimashvili"},{"id":"3420398","text":"know it's something that would appeal to an international audience.\" In 2014, it was announced that Steve Carell would possibly headline \"Brooklyn Family Robinson\", a modern update of the film. As of 2016, there have been no official announcements, casting or setting of production dates. Swiss Family Robinson (1960 film) Swiss Family Robinson is a 1960 American adventure film starring John Mills, Dorothy McGuire, James MacArthur, Janet Munro, Tommy Kirk and Kevin Corcoran in a tale of a shipwrecked family building an island home, loosely based on the 1812 novel \"Der Schweizerische Robinson\" (literally, \"The Swiss Robinson\") by Johann David","title":"Swiss Family Robinson (1960 film)"},{"id":"1287735","text":"Guard: In Act IV, Scene v (line 98) he has King Claudius exclaim \"Where are my Switzers? Let them guard the door\". However, it may also be due to the word \"Swiss\" having become a generic term for a royal guard in popular European usage. Coincidentally, the present-day gatekeepers of the royal palace of Copenhagen are known as \"schweizere\", \"Swiss\". Swiss Guards Swiss Guards (; ) are the Swiss soldiers who have served as guards at foreign European courts since the late 15th century. Foreign military service was outlawed by the revised Swiss Federal Constitution of 1874, with the only","title":"Swiss Guards"},{"id":"14779263","text":"of the story is in the legend of William Tell, supposedly happening to start off the Swiss revolution, written first in the 15th-century \"White Book of Sarnen\", then in Aegidius Tschudi's 16th-century \"Chronicon Helveticum\", and later the basis for Friedrich Schiller's 1804 play. Tell is arrested for failing to bow in respect to the hat that the newly appointed Austrian \"Vogt\", Albrecht Gessler, has placed on a pole, and Gessler commands him to shoot an apple off his son's head with a single bolt from his crossbow. After splitting the apple with the single shot (supposedly on November 18, 1307),","title":"Shooting an apple off one's child's head"},{"id":"18702827","text":"self-produced farces and comedies, but he always returned to the classic comedy roles and serious roles: in 1972 in Zürich \"Nick Bottom\" (Zettel) in Shakespeare's \"A Midsummer Night's Dream\" and in 1980 alongside Ruedi Walter in the Swiss German adaption \"Warte uf de Godot\" (\"Waiting For Godot\"). At the Festival Bad Hersfeld Schneider received for his portrayal of \"Sancho Panza\" in Dale Wasserman's musical \"Mann von La Mancha\" the Bad Hersfeld Prize in 1985. Jörg Schneider embodied in 1991 the title role in Molière's \"The Imaginary Invalid\", and in 1992 the role of \"Director Gross\" in \"D'Benachrichtigung\", a Swiss German","title":"Jörg Schneider"},{"id":"3420378","text":"Swiss Family Robinson (1960 film) Swiss Family Robinson is a 1960 American adventure film starring John Mills, Dorothy McGuire, James MacArthur, Janet Munro, Tommy Kirk and Kevin Corcoran in a tale of a shipwrecked family building an island home, loosely based on the 1812 novel \"Der Schweizerische Robinson\" (literally, \"The Swiss Robinson\") by Johann David Wyss. The film was directed by Ken Annakin and shot in Tobago and Pinewood Studios outside London. It was the second feature film version of the story (the first film version was released by RKO in 1940) and was a commercial success. \"Swiss Family Robinson\"","title":"Swiss Family Robinson (1960 film)"},{"id":"14380441","text":"and Dolls\". He went on to star as Mark Trelawny in \"A Dangerous Obsession\" in Hamburg and as Captain Lombard, in Vienna's English Theatre production of \"And Then There Were None.\" He was subsequently invited back to play Freddy, in George Bernard Shaw's \"Pygmalion\". Roles in Shakespeare include Orsino in \"Twelfth Night\" and Don Pedro in \"Much Ado About Nothing\" (British Shakespeare Company). Simon's other television credits include: \"Shortland Street\", \"EastEnders\", \"\", \"The Knock\", \"Goodnight Sweetheart\", \"Bernard's Watch\", \"Genie in the House\", \"The Bill\", \"Casualty\", \"Holby City\", \"Agony\", \"Murder in Suburbia\", \"Perfect Strangers\", \"Comic Relief\", \"Barbara\", \"Fur TV\" and \"My","title":"Jay Simon"},{"id":"11142309","text":"ascertained. (Our English version of the play has no character named Vespasian, and this could have been a play about the father-and-son Roman emperors Vespasian and Titus. However, a German version of \"Titus Andronicus\" made in Shakespeare's time included a major character named Vespasian, which could indicate a lost earlier version which was taken into Germany.) In the spring of 1594, the plague abated and the London theatres opened for a sustained period. Sussex's Men teamed with Queen Elizabeth's Men for two joint performances of Robert Greene's \"Friar Bacon and Friar Bungay\" in early April; but after that, Sussex's Men","title":"Sussex's Men"},{"id":"9889758","text":"to salute a skunk with \"Heil Hitler!\") chases Daffy to a telephone booth, where Daffy continues to make fun of him, such as nicknaming him \"Von Limburger\" (after the infamously foul-smelling cheese). The much abused Schultz character, an underling in the German Army who always gets the blame when things go wrong, is probably based on a similar character in the popular 1942 Jack Benny film \"To Be or Not to Be\". Daffy then jumps in a plane, narrowly avoiding being shot by \"a \"whole\" mess of Messerschmitts\". When Daffy is shot down by Von Vultur, his plane is literally","title":"Daffy – The Commando"},{"id":"14774375","text":"innovation. Examples of this could be seen many times throughout history, such as the forbidden apple from The Garden of Eden, the apple from Snow White, Newton’s discovery of gravity through the falling apple, the Swiss folk story of Wilhelm Tell and the apple placed on his son’s head and even New York City, often dubbed the Big Apple. Following the long traditions of apples being used as a symbol for such historical advances, the theme of the building will be based on the theme of an apple as well. The building will feature two main sections: the apple core","title":"Design and Arts Arcadia of Myungseung"},{"id":"10016227","text":"City of London to the sunshine of the Mediterranean – across the Alps in winter. Danger and treachery would prevail were it not for the courage of the heroine, Marguerite, and a faithful company servant. The stage play follows a similar plotline, but is compressed and made particularly dramatic in the fourth act, which is set in the Swiss Alps. The tension builds to a spectacular scene in which Obenreizer, the villain, confronts the hero George Vendale, at the side of a mountain gorge. It has been performed only once since the 1867 West End premiere, in 1904 at a","title":"No Thoroughfare"},{"id":"7786025","text":"cheese was laid down during a Landsgemeinde in 1463. The cheese also has to bear a stamp of origin, making it one of the earliest protected brands. Schabziger is produced exclusively by Geska (Gesellschaft Schweizer Kräuterkäse-Fabrikanten). It is sold abroad under the name \"Swiss Green Cheese\". In the US it is also sold under the brand Sap Sago. Sap Sago was introduced into New York pharmacies in the 19th century. The name is a corruption of the word Schabziger (pronounced similar to \"shap-tsigeh\" in German), though folk etymology has it that the green herb juice used made to make the","title":"Schabziger"},{"id":"11834708","text":"death. Ophelia suggests that instead of killing the prince, the King should banish him to \"Engle-land\", where \"dwell a cultured race.\" Claudius assents, commenting, \"They're welcome to his philosophic brain.\" Hamlet is banished, and Rosencrantz embraces Ophelia. Rosencrantz and Guildenstern (play) Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, A Tragic Episode, in Three Tabloids is a short comic play by W. S. Gilbert, a parody of \"Hamlet\" by William Shakespeare. The main characters in Gilbert's play are King Claudius and Queen Gertrude of Denmark, their son Prince Hamlet, the courtiers Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, and Ophelia. Gilbert's play first appeared in \"Fun\" magazine in 1874","title":"Rosencrantz and Guildenstern (play)"},{"id":"8786725","text":"in a thin paper wrapping and packaged in wooden boxes, six to a box. The cheeses weighed 60 grams each and were called simply \"\"suisse\"\" (Swiss). Today, they are made throughout France. Though the 60-g version is often seen labelled \"petit suisse\", the term is sometimes reserved for the 30-g ones, the larger ones then being referred to as a \"double petit-suisse\", \"double suisse\", or \"suisse double\". Petit suisse Petit-suisse (meaning \"little Swiss cheese\") is a French cheese from the Normandy region. \"Petit-suisse\" is a \"fromage frais\", an unripened, unsalted, smooth, and creamy cheese with a texture closer to a","title":"Petit suisse"},{"id":"17959191","text":"found in works such as \"Dancing with Men\" and \"Marcus Fisher | Say Cheese\", but she has produced as other male characters, including an Arab man, a Norwegian postman and a black man. Ashery's more recent work has been based on Mayakovsky's 1921 play \"Mystery-Bouffe\". This work confronts social and class biases alongside issues of political power and agency. Her performance at the Tate Modern \"The World is Flooding\" in 2014 was followed by an exhibition \"Animal with a Language\" at Waterside Contemporary, both of which saw Ashery work with participants from Freedom from Torture, UK Lesbian and Gay Immigration","title":"Oreet Ashery"},{"id":"18341860","text":"Post-Electric Play, Sextet, Beatrice & Virgil, Unidentified Human Remains..., Someone Else, Seussical,\" \"Frost/Nixon\", 7 \"Stories\", \"The Way of the World\", \"London Road\", \"Angels in America\", \"Shopping and Fucking\", \"Hamlet\", \"Fiddler on the Roof\", \"The Alchemist\", \"Macbeth\", \"The Tempest\", \"Titus Andronicus\", \"Elizabeth Rex\", \"Our Country's Good\" and \"The Chocolate Soldier\". His roles in film and television have included \"Angel Square\", \"The Art of Woo\", \"Children of My Heart\", \"Take This Waltz\", \"Slings and Arrows\" and \"The Matthew Shepard Story.\" Atkins has been nominated for ten Dora Mavor Moore Awards for acting and writing, winning four. He won two Doras in 2002,","title":"Damien Atkins"},{"id":"272889","text":"on the songs of Queen). Live-action film musicals were nearly dead in the 1980s and early 1990s, with exceptions of \"Victor/Victoria\", \"Little Shop of Horrors\" and the 1996 film of \"Evita\". In the new century, Baz Luhrmann began a revival of the film musical with \"Moulin Rouge!\" (2001). This was followed by \"Chicago\" (2002); \"Phantom of the Opera\" (2004); \"Dreamgirls\" (2006); \"Hairspray\", \"Enchanted\" and \"\" (all in 2007); \"Mamma Mia!\" (2008); \"Nine\" (2009); \"Les Misérables\" and \"Pitch Perfect\" (both in 2012), \"Into The Woods\" (2014) and \"La La Land\" (2016), among others. Dr. Seuss's \"How the Grinch Stole Christmas!\" (2000)","title":"Musical theatre"},{"id":"3244020","text":"and because of his on-camera driving experience from his days on \"Route 66\". He guest starred in three episodes of \"Emergency!\" between 1972 and 1976, during and after \"Adam-12\"s run on NBC, the best known and first of which was the pilot episode \"The Wedsworth-Townsend Act\". After \"Adam-12\", Milner starred as Karl Robinson in a television series version of \"The Swiss Family Robinson\" (1975–1976), produced by Irwin Allen. Most of his following work was as a television guest star, including action-adventure series \"MacGyver\" (as James MacGyver, MacGyver's father), \"Airwolf\", \"Murder, She Wrote\" and \"\". In 1983, Milner hosted a morning","title":"Martin Milner"},{"id":"125320","text":"million, as compared to the approximate annual loss in shipping of $2 million. Initial forays floundered, and Newton, by that time a general, took over direct control of the project. In 1868 Newton decided, with the support of both New York's mercantile class and local real estate interests, to focus on the Hallert's Point Reef off of Queens. The project would involve of tunnels equipped with trains to haul debris out as the reef was eviscerated, creating a reef structured like \"swiss cheese\" which Newton would then blow up. After seven years of digging seven thousand holes, and filling four","title":"East River"},{"id":"12815294","text":"played by Adam. Just before the interval, the Nazis board the stage and promise the audience two loaves of bread and a jar of jam if they board the trains to \"a new life in the east\" on the following morning. They ask the Jews to bring a suitcase each, containing their most precious belongings. The Nazis offer Daniel and his company safe passage to Switzerland if they carry on with the play in order to keep the Jews calm. The company struggles to decide between collaboration with the Nazis in return for their freedom and life, and sacrifying themselves","title":"Imagine This"},{"id":"4928890","text":"11th century's worst Briton. He features as the central villain in the anonymous play \"Edmund Ironside\", now part of the Shakespeare Apocrypha. In this play, Edricus (as his name has been Latinized) is the bastard son of peasants, who raises himself to the level of earl through lies and flattery. Proud of his talent for dishonesty, he would be happy to see either the Danes or the Saxons rule England, but supports the Danes for reasons of personal expediency. Eadric is also a character in a tragedy by the Danish romantic playwright Adam Oehlenschlæger \"Canute the Great\" (1838). Eadric Streona","title":"Eadric Streona"},{"id":"8041523","text":"of the National Theatre. Shakespeare plays in which Cellier has appeared include \"Hamlet\", \"The Merchant of Venice\", \"Othello\", \"Love's Labour's Lost\", \"Measure for Measure\", \"As You Like It\", \"King John\", \"Julius Caesar\", \"Cymbeline\" and \"Henry V\", as the Dauphin. Other roles include Pinchard in Georges Feydeau's \"An Absolute Turkey\", Tommy Devon in \"Aunt Edwina\", The Dean of Archeo in \"Body and Soul\", Eric Shelding in \"The Case in Question\", Danforth in \"The Crucible\", Duke Francis in \"The Dark Horse\", Dr. Finache in Jacques Charon's National Theatre production of Feydeau's \"A Flea in her Ear\", Charles Blutham in \"Juno and the","title":"Peter Cellier"},{"id":"11772370","text":"Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Undead Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Undead is a 2009 American independent film written and directed by Jordan Galland. The film's title refers to a fictitious play-within-the-movie, which is a comic reinterpretation of Shakespeare’s \"Hamlet\" and its aftermath and whose title is a reference to the play \"Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are Dead\". The cast includes Devon Aoki, John Ventimiglia, Kris Lemche, Ralph Macchio, Jeremy Sisto and Waris Ahluwalia. The film stars Jake Hoffman (son of Dustin Hoffman). An original musical score was composed and performed by Sean Lennon. Shooting began in late November, 2007, and principal photography","title":"Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Undead"},{"id":"18705162","text":"Lüthi und Blanc The various plot lines are about the fate of families around the stubborn chocolate factory-owner Jean-Jacques Blanc (Hans Heinz Moser), his wife Johanna (Linda Geiser), whose daughter Catherine (Isabelle von Siebenthal) and her son, and Catherine's husband Martin Lüthi (Hans Schenker). Opponent of the Lüthi and Blanc-clans and \"villain\" of the series is the opaque, scheming bankers and illegitimate son of J.J. Blanc, Michael Frick (Gilles Tschudi). The serial focusses on locations in Zürich and Sainte-Croix, the location of the fictional chocolate factory J. J. Blanc. Lüthi und Blanc was shot at locations in the Canton of","title":"Lüthi und Blanc"},{"id":"6419369","text":"Adventure fiction takes the setting and premise of these other genres, but the fast-paced plot of an adventure focuses on the actions of the hero within the setting. With a few notable exceptions (such as Baroness Orczy, Leigh Brackett and Marion Zimmer Bradley) adventure fiction as a genre has been largely dominated by male writers, though female writers are now becoming common. Adventure stories written specifically for children began in the 19th century. Early examples include Johann David Wyss' \"The Swiss Family Robinson\" (1812), Frederick Marryat's \"The Children of the New Forest\" (1847), and Harriet Martineau's \"The Peasant and the","title":"Adventure fiction"},{"id":"1466389","text":"don't not believe it. His plays have been performed nationwide, including on Broadway and Off-Broadway. His works include \"Sister Mary Ignatius Explains It All For You\", \"Beyond Therapy\", \"Baby With the Bathwater\", \"The Nature and Purpose of the Universe\", \"Titanic\", \"A History of the American Film\", \"The Idiots Karamazov\", \"The Marriage of Bette and Boo\", \"Laughing Wild\", \"'Dentity Crisis\", \"The Actor's Nightmare\", \"The Vietnamization of New Jersey\", \"Betty's Summer Vacation\", \"Naomi in the Living Room\", \"Adrift in Macao\", \"Mrs. Bob Cratchit's Wild Christmas Binge\", \"Miss Witherspoon\", \"Why Torture is Wrong, and the People Who Love Them\", \"Vanya and Sonia and","title":"Christopher Durang"},{"id":"3558841","text":"in Kars are of meat processing, livestock feed processing, gristmill, yarn, tannery, footwear, cement and brick factories. Among the most famous food products special to Kars region are Kars honey, Kars Kasseri, Kars Gruyère cheese, which tastes like Swiss Emmental cheese, and Kars style roasted goose. Kars contains numerous monuments, the most notable being the ruined Armenian city of Ani and the 9th century Church of the Apostles. Kars was also the setting for the popular novel \"Snow\" by Orhan Pamuk. \"The Siege of Kars, 1855\" is a book published by The Stationery Office, 2000, and is an account of","title":"Kars Province"},{"id":"829498","text":"by the Russian government. The Tevye stories have been adapted for stage and film several times. Sholem Aleichem's own Yiddish stage adaptation was not produced during his lifetime; its first production, by Maurice Schwartz, was in 1919. (Schwartz did a film based on the play twenty years later.) Most famously, it was adapted as the Broadway musical and later film \"Fiddler on the Roof\". The Broadway musical was based on a play written by Arnold Perl called \"Tevye and His Daughters\". \"Tevye the Dairyman\" had three film adaptations: in Yiddish (1939), English (1971) and Russian (1991). \"Tevye the Dairyman\" comprises","title":"Tevye"},{"id":"2475914","text":"\"Beauty and the Beast\", \"\", \"Basic Instinct\", \"Unforgiven\", \"The Bodyguard\", \"Aladdin\", \"Sister Act\", \"Mrs. Doubtfire\", \"Sleepless in Seattle\", \"The Fugitive\", \"Jurassic Park\", \"Schindler's List\", \"The Nightmare Before Christmas\", \"The Lion King\", \"Forrest Gump\", \"Pulp Fiction\", \"Clueless\", \"Apollo 13\", \"Toy Story\", \"Seven\", \"Braveheart\", \"Independence Day\", \"Matilda\", \"Jerry Maguire\", \"Scream\", \"Good Will Hunting\", \"Men In Black\", \"\", \"My Best Friend's Wedding\", \"Titanic\", \"Saving Private Ryan\", \"Mulan\", \"Fight Club\", \"The Matrix\", \"The Green Mile\", \"The Sixth Sense\", \"American Beauty\", \"\", \"Gladiator\", \"Harry Potter\", \"Ocean's Eleven\", \"Moulin Rouge\", \"Legally Blonde\", \"The Princess Diaries\", \"Gangs of New York\", \"The Lord of the Rings\", \"Pirates of","title":"Cinema of the United States"},{"id":"3304059","text":"are: \"Much Ado About Nothing\" (William Shakespeare), \"Henry V\" (William Shakespeare) and \"The Three Musketeers\" (Ken Ludwig). Plays in the new Eileen and Allen Anes Studio Theatre are \"Julius Caesar\" (William Shakespeare) and \"Murder for Two\" (Kinosian and Blair). Plays in the Randall L. Jones Theatre are \"Mary Poppins\" (Sherman, Sherman, Fellowes), \"The Odd Couple\" (Neil Simon) and \"The Cocoanuts\" (Berlin, Kaufman) The Festival was founded in 1961, presented its first season in 1962. It is one of the oldest and largest Shakespearean festivals in North America. The Festival is located in Cedar City, Utah, a community of approximately 28,000","title":"Utah Shakespeare Festival"},{"id":"8802989","text":"In 2004 he played Lee in TV film \"Bella and the Boys\". In 2005 he played the 20-year-old version of Giacomo Casanova's son, Giac, in the television adaptation of \"Casanova\", starring David Tennant and Peter O'Toole. In 2006 he played Dr. John Seward in the TV film \"Dracula\". In 2007 he played Napoleon Bonaparte in an episode of BBC's docudrama \"Heroes and Villains\" and had a small part as a book publisher in the satirical drama \"The Trial of Tony Blair\". In 2009 he played Colonel Race in an episode of the 12th series of \"Agatha Christie's Poirot\". In 2011","title":"Tom Burke (actor)"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"id\": \"14287682\",\n \"text\": \"Leland Crooke Leland Crooke is an American actor from stage and film. He is known from several stage plays and films by David Beaird. In February 1980, Crooke gave his stage debut in the play Bal (Richard Nelson's loosely adaption of Bertolt Brecht's play \\\"Baal\\\" with James Belushi in title role) which was staged at the Goodman Theatre in Chicago. In October of the same year he was cast as Swiss Cheese, the youngest son of Mother Courage in Sharon Ott's adaption of Brecht's play \\\"Mother Courage and Her Children\\\" at the Milwaukee Repertory Theater in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. In 1981\",\n \"title\": \"Leland Crooke\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14287684\",\n \"text\": \"roles in television series including \\\"Key West\\\" (created by Beaird), \\\"Matlock\\\", \\\"Melrose Place\\\", \\\"ER\\\", \\\"\\\", \\\"Buffy the Vampire Slayer\\\", \\\"JAG\\\", \\\"Angel\\\", and \\\"Charmed\\\". Leland Crooke Leland Crooke is an American actor from stage and film. He is known from several stage plays and films by David Beaird. In February 1980, Crooke gave his stage debut in the play Bal (Richard Nelson's loosely adaption of Bertolt Brecht's play \\\"Baal\\\" with James Belushi in title role) which was staged at the Goodman Theatre in Chicago. In October of the same year he was cast as Swiss Cheese, the youngest son of Mother\",\n \"title\": \"Leland Crooke\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3440543\",\n \"text\": \"all the European states. It follows the fortunes of Anna Fierling, nicknamed \\\"Mother Courage,\\\" a wily woman with the Swedish Army, who is determined to make her living from the war. Over the course of the play, she loses all three of her children, Swiss Cheese, Eilif, and Kattrin, to the very war from which she tried to profit. The name of the central character, Mother Courage, is drawn from the picaresque writings of the 17th-century German writer Grimmelshausen. His central character in the early short novel, \\\"The Runagate Courage,\\\" also struggles and connives her way through the Thirty Years'\",\n \"title\": \"Mother Courage and Her Children\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3440547\",\n \"text\": \"is set in the 17th century in Europe during the Thirty Years' War. The Recruiting Officer and Sergeant are introduced, both complaining about the difficulty of recruiting soldiers to the war. Anna Fierling (Mother Courage) enters pulling a cart containing provisions for sale to soldiers, and introduces her children Eilif, Kattrin, and Schweizerkas (\\\"Swiss Cheese\\\"). The sergeant negotiates a deal with Mother Courage while Eilif is conscripted by the Recruiting Officer. Two years thereafter, Mother Courage argues with a Protestant General's cook over a capon, and Eilif is congratulated by the General for killing peasants and slaughtering their cattle. Eilif\",\n \"title\": \"Mother Courage and Her Children\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10426116\",\n \"text\": \"productions with Digby Day serving as assistant director. As an actor, he appeared in the role of Swiss Cheese in the Midlands premiere of Brecht's \\\"Mother Courage\\\" in Stratford-upon-Avon, 1961. He is credited with discovering actors Ralph Fiennes and Hugh Grant. He trained at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art and was the school's first ever directing student. Interview with Richard Digby Day - a British Library Theatre Archive Project sound recording For production photos of some Shakespeare plays Digby Day staged at the Open Air Theatre in Regent's Park during the early 1970s, visit: http://www.ahds.rhul.ac.uk/ahdscollections/docroot/shakespeare/performancedetails.do?performanceId=11870 and http://www.ahds.rhul.ac.uk/ahdscollections/docroot/shakespeare/performancedetails.do?performanceId=11649 A brief\",\n \"title\": \"Richard Digby Day\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3440548\",\n \"text\": \"and his mother sing \\\"The Fishwife and the Soldier\\\". Mother Courage scolds her son for endangering himself. Three years later, Swiss Cheese works as an army paymaster. The camp prostitute, Yvette Pottier, sings \\\"The Fraternization Song\\\". Mother Courage uses this song to warn Kattrin against involving herself with soldiers. Before the Catholic troops arrive, the Cook and Chaplain bring a message from Eilif. Swiss Cheese hides the regiment's paybox from invading soldiers, and Mother Courage and companions change their insignia from Protestant to Catholic. Swiss Cheese is captured and tortured by the Catholics having hidden the paybox by the river.\",\n \"title\": \"Mother Courage and Her Children\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3440549\",\n \"text\": \"Mother Courage attempts bribery to free him, planning to pawn the wagon first and redeem it with the regiment money. When Swiss Cheese claims that he has thrown the box in the river, Mother Courage backtracks on the price, and Swiss Cheese is killed. Fearing to be shot as an accomplice, Mother Courage does not acknowledge his body, and it is discarded. Later, Mother Courage waits outside the General's tent to register a complaint and sings the \\\"Song of Great Capitulation\\\" to a young soldier anxious to complain of inadequate pay. The song persuades both to withdraw their complaints. When\",\n \"title\": \"Mother Courage and Her Children\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8446805\",\n \"text\": \"Sam Beckett Dr. Samuel \\\"Sam\\\" Beckett is a fictional character and the protagonist on the science fiction television series \\\"Quantum Leap\\\", played by Scott Bakula. Initially, the audience knows very little about Sam, much as Sam knows little about himself due to holes in his memory dubbed the \\\"Swiss cheese effect.\\\" Sam Beckett was born at 12:30 pm EST on August 8, 1953, in Elk Ridge, Indiana to dairy farmer John Samuel Beckett and his wife Thelma Louise Beckett. As a child, he had two cats, named Donner and Blitzen, but never had a dog. Sam was a child prodigy,\",\n \"title\": \"Sam Beckett\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3440557\",\n \"text\": \"Elliott as Katrin, Digby Day as Swiss Cheese, and James Orr as Eiliff. The play received its American premiere at Cleveland Play House in 1958, starring Harriet Brazier as Mother Courage. The play was directed by Benno Frank and the set was designed by Paul Rodgers. The first Broadway production of \\\"Mother Courage\\\" opened at the Martin Beck Theatre on 28 March 1963. It was directed by Jerome Robbins, starred Anne Bancroft, and featured Barbara Harris and Gene Wilder. It ran for 52 performances and was nominated for 5 Tonys. During this production Wilder first met Bancroft's then-boyfriend, Mel Brooks.\",\n \"title\": \"Mother Courage and Her Children\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16149164\",\n \"text\": \"identities and the senses at the heart of the plot by adding actors from the Royal Shakespeare Company as stagehands who interrupt the action, leaving audiences to wonder just what kind of innovative dance-theater piece they had witnessed. The production was revived in Zurich in 2010. Besides evening-length classical ballets, numerous contemporary ballets with a story line or evocative meaning, such as \\\"Verklärte Nacht\\\" (\\\"Radiant Night\\\"), and lighthearted works such as \\\"Chäs\\\" (\\\"Cheese\\\"), Spoerli produced a number of neoclassical, abstract works. Among them are \\\"Goldberg Variations\\\", \\\"In den Winden im Nichts\\\" (\\\"Winds in the Void\\\"), and \\\"Wäre heute morgen und\",\n \"title\": \"Heinz Spoerli\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10881605\",\n \"text\": \"The original book by George S. Kaufman centered on Horace J. Fletcher, a Babbitt-like cheese tycoon who tries to maintain his monopoly on the American market by convincing the United States government to declare war on Switzerland. The story ended darkly. The 1930 plot by Ryskind, softened the political overtones, increased the emphasis on romance and added a happy ending. It relegated the war plot to a dream sequence. The incident that incites war concerned chocolate instead of cheese. Workers at the Horace J. Fletcher American Cheese Company sing their daily vocal exercises (\\\"Fletcher's American Cheese Choral Society\\\") to start\",\n \"title\": \"Strike Up the Band (musical)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6223197\",\n \"text\": \"in the kitchen's refrigerator, the only obstacle being the resident house cat. Babbit attempts to coerce Catstello (often by beating him up) into going after the cheese solo, using various methods to get it (which involved Catstello getting hurt). However, in the end, it is Swiss cheese, which Babbit can't stand. Angrily, Catstello beats \\\"him\\\" up and begins force-feeding the cheese, uttering one of his archetype Lou Costello's famous lines: \\\"\\\"Oh\\\" — I'm a \\\"baaaaad\\\" boy!\\\" (At one point in \\\"A Tale of Two Kitties\\\", he similarly remarks, \\\"I'm a \\\"baaaaad\\\" pussycat!\\\") They make a cameo in 1946's \\\"Hollywood Canine\",\n \"title\": \"Babbit and Catstello\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11825260\",\n \"text\": \"is a 501(c)(3) not-for-profit organization. \\\"Wuthering Heights\\\", \\\"A Female Philoctetes\\\", \\\"Twelfth Night\\\", \\\"Fahrenheit 451\\\", \\\"Herakles\\\", \\\"Cyrano de Bergerac\\\", \\\"Taming Of The Shrew\\\", \\\"Macbeth\\\", \\\"The Importance Of Being Earnest\\\", \\\"Six Characters In Search Of An Author\\\", \\\"A Midsummer Night's Dream\\\", \\\"As You Like It\\\", \\\"An Enemy Of The People\\\", \\\"The Iliad\\\", \\\"The Comedy of Errors\\\", \\\"Catch-22\\\", \\\"Julius Caesar\\\", \\\"Prometheus Bound\\\" with David Oyelowo, \\\"Romeo & Juliet\\\", \\\"The Canterbury Tales\\\", \\\"Much Ado About Nothing\\\", \\\"Hamlet\\\", \\\"The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll & Mr. Hyde\\\", H G Wells' \\\"The Invisible Man\\\", with choreographer Doug Varone, \\\"Twelfth Night\\\", \\\"A Very Naughty Greek Play\\\", \\\"Oedipus\",\n \"title\": \"Aquila Theatre\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3666639\",\n \"text\": \"office success. It has been revived twice on Broadway and in concert stagings in the U.S. and in London. In 1932, \\\"Of Thee I Sing\\\" was the first musical to win the Pulitzer Prize for Drama. The Gershwins and George S. Kaufman had collaborated on a satirical musical in 1927 entitled \\\"Strike up the Band,\\\" which played in Philadelphia. The show concerned a cheese manufacturer who sponsors a war against Switzerland because it will be named after him. A version of \\\"Strike Up the Band,\\\" with the book altered by Morrie Ryskind, played on Broadway in early 1930. Much of\",\n \"title\": \"Of Thee I Sing\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1678993\",\n \"text\": \"Hancock for a time. After their association with Hancock had ended, they wrote a series of \\\"Comedy Playhouse\\\" (1961–62), ten one-off half-hour plays for the BBC. One play in the series, \\\"The Offer\\\", was well received, and from this emerged \\\"Steptoe and Son\\\" (1962–74), about two rag and bone men, father and son, who live together in a squalid house in West London. This was the basis for the American series \\\"Sanford and Son\\\" and the Swedish series \\\"Albert & Herbert\\\". Their comedy is characterised by a bleak and somewhat fatalistic tone. \\\"Steptoe and Son\\\" in particular is, at times,\",\n \"title\": \"Galton and Simpson\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7633761\",\n \"text\": \"produced. Swiss Family Robinson (1940 film) Swiss Family Robinson is a 1940 American film released by RKO Radio Pictures and directed by Edward Ludwig. It is based on the 1812 novel \\\"The Swiss Family Robinson\\\" by Johann David Wyss and is the first feature-length film version of the story. In London in 1813, a Swiss father, William Robinson (Thomas Mitchell), wishes to escape the influence of the superficial profligacy of London on his family. His eldest son, Fritz (Tim Holt), is obsessed with Napoleon, whom he considers his hero. His middle son, Jack (Freddie Bartholomew), is a foolish dandy who\",\n \"title\": \"Swiss Family Robinson (1940 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7633753\",\n \"text\": \"Swiss Family Robinson (1940 film) Swiss Family Robinson is a 1940 American film released by RKO Radio Pictures and directed by Edward Ludwig. It is based on the 1812 novel \\\"The Swiss Family Robinson\\\" by Johann David Wyss and is the first feature-length film version of the story. In London in 1813, a Swiss father, William Robinson (Thomas Mitchell), wishes to escape the influence of the superficial profligacy of London on his family. His eldest son, Fritz (Tim Holt), is obsessed with Napoleon, whom he considers his hero. His middle son, Jack (Freddie Bartholomew), is a foolish dandy who cares\",\n \"title\": \"Swiss Family Robinson (1940 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10967741\",\n \"text\": \"Knight is wearing a suit of armor from the Middle Ages and the Nurse has enormous swollen breasts. It is implied that these two are the parents of the Young Girl and are somehow related to the Young Man as well. The Nurse claims that she is watching the Young Man and Young Girl “screwing” and that it is “incest.” She throws pieces of Swiss cheese wrapped in paper at the Knight who picks them off the ground and eats them. The Nurse and the Knight exit. The Young Man returns and describes his surroundings as the town square, naming\",\n \"title\": \"Jet of Blood\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12295626\",\n \"text\": \"and self-interested courtiers, Antharis, Asprandus, and Iseas. Antharis and Clephis are old rivals; but their children, respectively son Alcidonus and daughter Selina, are in love and secretly married — though parental opposition forces them to conceal the fact and live apart. Timentes comes to be the play's clown substitute, its focus for broad humor. Andrucho and other courtiers convince Timentes that he is being pursued by an angry mob. To hide, Timentes climbs into an empty coffin, and faints from fear. He is thought dead, until he recovers consciousness and climbs back out of the coffin. Later, Timentes gains a\",\n \"title\": \"The Swisser\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3678851\",\n \"text\": \"(One villain, \\\"Carrot Top,\\\" could not be tracked by bloodhounds, as he had no blood. His head was a genuine carrot. But Fosdick tracks him to his doom—with a rabbit.) Over the years, other nemeses included: Fosdick is so tough that on the rare occasions he isn't wearing his black suit, he pins his badge to his bare chest. The ramped-up comic violence depicted in \\\"Fearless Fosdick\\\" is (usually) bloodless, over-the-top and deliberately surreal. Perpetually ventilated by flying bullets, an iconic \\\"Fosdick\\\" trademark was the \\\"Swiss cheese look\\\"—with smoking bullet holes revealing his truly two-dimensional cartoon construction. The impervious detective\",\n \"title\": \"Fearless Fosdick\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12295631\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"A Chaste Maid in Cheapside\\\" (1613). The moral resolution of the play, in which a rapist makes up for his crime by marrying his victim, is an abomination to modern sensibilities — but an acceptable thing to the minds of the 17th century. It occurs in other plays of the era; a notable example is found in the Fletcher collaboration \\\"The Queen of Corinth\\\" (c. 1617), though other instances could also be cited. The Swisser The Swisser is a Caroline era stage play, a tragicomedy written by Arthur Wilson. It was performed by the King's Men in the Blackfriars Theatre\",\n \"title\": \"The Swisser\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7223646\",\n \"text\": \"Crossbow (TV series) Crossbow is a 1987 action/adventure television series that aired on The Family Channel. The series was produced by Steven North and Richard Schlesinger for Robert Halmi Inc., in co-production with French television network FR3, and filmed entirely on location in France. \\\"Crossbow\\\" follows the adventures of William Tell (Will Lyman) and takes place in the 14th-century in Switzerland. William Tell and his son Matthew are imprisoned by the tyrannical Gessler (Jeremy Clyde). As Governor (Landburgher in the original story) of Austria, Gessler plans to stop the Swiss uprising. Having split the apple on his son's head with\",\n \"title\": \"Crossbow (TV series)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12295620\",\n \"text\": \"in the author's hand. \\\"The Swisser\\\" shares the primary fault of Caroline drama as a whole; it is unoriginal and highly derivative of earlier works. Felix Schelling catalogued the play's stock elements as \\\"the lecherous tyrant; the love-lorn girl page; the banished lord...; two old men of noble houses, enemies; their children, in love; poison evaded by the substitution of a sleeping potion; a fair captive generously treated by a chivalrous soldier, her captor; and...consanguinity a bar to virtuous love.\\\" Schelling cites \\\"Campaspe\\\", \\\"Romeo and Juliet\\\", \\\"The Malcontent\\\", \\\"Philaster\\\", and \\\"'Tis Pity She's a Whore\\\" as dramatic precedents. (He also\",\n \"title\": \"The Swisser\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11806042\",\n \"text\": \"adapter of \\\"The Firebugs\\\" (1963), by Swiss playwright Max Frisch. His more notable scene designs include such plays as \\\"Men in White\\\", \\\"Golden Boy\\\", \\\"Casey Jones\\\", \\\"All My Sons\\\", \\\"Desire Under the Elms\\\", \\\"The Flowering Peach\\\", \\\"A Hatful of Rain\\\", \\\"The Plough and the Stars\\\", \\\"Volpone\\\", \\\"Tortilla Flat \\\", \\\"King Hunger\\\", \\\"Processional\\\", and \\\"Mother\\\". His film designs include \\\"L'Ennemi Publique No.1\\\" and \\\"None But the Lonely Heart\\\". Gorelik was previously an instructor-designer for the School of Theatre, New York City (1921-22), and was on the faculty of the American Academy of Dramatic Arts (1926-32), the Drama Workshop of the New\",\n \"title\": \"Mordecai Gorelik\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7158014\",\n \"text\": \"Dame of Burn. In 2012, he was featured on the documentary \\\"Michael Grade's History of the Pantomime Dame\\\", which also featured clips from the 2011 pantomime \\\"The York Family Robinson\\\", a parody of the novel The Swiss Family Robinson by Johann David Wyss. The programme aired in December 2012 on BBC Four. Berwick Kaler Berwick Kaler (born 31 October 1946) is a British actor most famous for playing the dame in York Theatre Royal's annual pantomime, which he also writes and directs. He has been awarded the freedom of the city, and in 2002 received an honorary degree from the\",\n \"title\": \"Berwick Kaler\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19278116\",\n \"text\": \"Cantor and ran at the Minetta Lane Theatre in New York. Coopersmith continued bringing children's stories to the stage with his musical adaption of Johann David Wyss's \\\"\\\"Swiss Family Robinson\\\"\\\". The play was produced by the prestigious team of Barry and Fran Weissler, who later went on to produce many Broadway musical hits. Coopersmith's \\\"\\\"Swiss Family Robinson\\\"\\\" toured with the Weissler's National Theater Company, known for bringing high quality plays to high school, college and adult audiences with professional casts throughout America. In 1991, Coopersmith collaborated with Lucy Freeman to co-author \\\"\\\"The Mystery of Anna O\\\"\\\", a full-length non-musical play\",\n \"title\": \"Jerome Coopersmith\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"981075\",\n \"text\": \"of the suffering and death of Jesus in the Stations of the Cross. August Strindberg had pioneered this form with his autobiographical trilogy \\\"To Damascus\\\". These plays also often dramatise the struggle against bourgeois values and established authority, frequently personified by the Father. In Sorge's \\\"The Beggar\\\", (\\\"Der Bettler\\\"), for example, the young hero's mentally ill father raves about the prospect of mining the riches of Mars and is finally poisoned by his son. In Bronnen's \\\"Parricide\\\" (\\\"Vatermord\\\"), the son stabs his tyrannical father to death, only to have to fend off the frenzied sexual overtures of his mother. In\",\n \"title\": \"Expressionism\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11834698\",\n \"text\": \"Rosencrantz and Guildenstern (play) Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, A Tragic Episode, in Three Tabloids is a short comic play by W. S. Gilbert, a parody of \\\"Hamlet\\\" by William Shakespeare. The main characters in Gilbert's play are King Claudius and Queen Gertrude of Denmark, their son Prince Hamlet, the courtiers Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, and Ophelia. Gilbert's play first appeared in \\\"Fun\\\" magazine in 1874 after having been rejected for production by several theatre companies. The first performance of the work was not until June 1891, a benefit matinée at the Vaudeville Theatre in London. The play finally ran at the Court\",\n \"title\": \"Rosencrantz and Guildenstern (play)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"469471\",\n \"text\": \"such as \\\"Roseanne\\\", \\\"Coach\\\", \\\"Empty Nest\\\", \\\"Mr. Belvedere\\\", \\\"227\\\", \\\"Cheers\\\", \\\"The Cosby Show\\\", \\\"Growing Pains\\\", \\\"Night Court\\\", \\\"The Hogan Family\\\", \\\"A Different World\\\", \\\"Amen\\\", \\\"ALF\\\", \\\"Perfect Strangers\\\", \\\"Family Matters\\\", \\\"Charles in Charge\\\", \\\"Saved by the Bell\\\", \\\"My Two Dads\\\", \\\"Newhart\\\", \\\"Dear John\\\", \\\"Designing Women\\\", \\\"The Golden Girls\\\", \\\"Who's the Boss?\\\", \\\"Head of the Class\\\", and \\\"Seinfeld\\\", which premiered in the eighties, and \\\"Frasier\\\", a spin-off of the 1980s hit \\\"Cheers\\\" were viewed throughout the 1990s. These sitcoms, along with \\\"Friends\\\", \\\"That '70s Show\\\", \\\"Ellen\\\", \\\"The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air\\\", \\\"Full House\\\", \\\"Nurses\\\", \\\"The Parkers\\\", \\\"Herman's Head\\\", \\\"Murphy Brown\\\", \\\"The Wonder\",\n \"title\": \"1990s\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8043305\",\n \"text\": \"John Hankin's \\\"The Two Mr Wetherbys\\\", the second act of Sheridan's The Critic, and Ibsen's \\\"John Gabriel Borkman\\\". Among the plays McMahon produced from 1911–1917 were \\\"Candida\\\", \\\"Getting Married\\\", \\\"Major Barbara\\\", \\\"The Doctor's Dilemma\\\", \\\"Man and Superman\\\", \\\"Fanny's First Play\\\", \\\"You Never Can Tell\\\", and \\\"Pygmalion\\\", all by George Bernard Shaw; \\\"Rosmersholm\\\" and \\\"An Enemy of the People\\\" by Henrik Ibsen; \\\"The Voysey Inheritance\\\" and \\\"The Madras House\\\" by Granville Barker; \\\"The Pigeon\\\", \\\"Strife\\\" and \\\"The Fugitive\\\" by Galsworthy; \\\"The Seagull\\\" by Anton Chekhov; \\\"The Mate\\\" by Arthur Schnitzler, and many other plays by leading dramatists of the period, including\",\n \"title\": \"Gregan McMahon\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15377965\",\n \"text\": \"scenes in the book. One of the main characters, Kaja Solness, may be a reference to \\\"The Master Builder\\\", one of Henrik Ibsen's most well known plays. The play centres on a man named Halvard Solness, whose son is engaged to a woman named Kaja. Nesbø is likely to be familiar with the play, which is a classic of Norwegian culture (and of world theatre in general). The writer has not, however, made any statement on the possible connection between Ibsen's character and his own. The Leopold's Apple device that is a central feature of the novel is an invention\",\n \"title\": \"The Leopard (Nesbø novel)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"633430\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone\\\" in 1997 and ended with the seventh and final book \\\"Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows\\\" in 2007; becoming the best selling book-series in history. The series has been translated into 67 languages, placing Rowling among the most translated authors in history. Adventure stories written specifically for children began in the 19th century. Early examples include Johann David Wyss' \\\"The Swiss Family Robinson\\\" (1812), Frederick Marryat's \\\"The Children of the New Forest\\\" (1847) and Harriet Martineau's \\\"The Peasant and the Prince\\\" (1856). The Victorian era saw the development of the genre, with W.H.G. Kingston,\",\n \"title\": \"Children's literature\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5809158\",\n \"text\": \"the Goodman has staged over the years include \\\"Hay Fever\\\", \\\"Lady Windermere's Fan\\\", \\\"The Little Foxes\\\", \\\"You Can't Take it with You\\\", \\\"Born Yesterday\\\", \\\"Pal Joey\\\", \\\"To Be Young, Gifted and Black (play)\\\", \\\"Guys and Dolls\\\", \\\"Talley's Folly\\\", \\\"A House Not Meant to Stand\\\", \\\"A Soldier's Play\\\", \\\"Fences\\\", \\\"Sunday in the Park with George\\\", \\\"The Visit\\\", \\\"Dancing at Lughnasa\\\", \\\"Arcadia\\\", \\\"Floyd Collins\\\", \\\"Hollywood Arms\\\", \\\"Dinner with Friends\\\", \\\"The Goat, or Who is Sylvia?\\\", \\\"The Light in the Piazza\\\", \\\"I Am My Own Wife\\\", and \\\"Rabbit Hole\\\". Goodman Theatre Goodman Theatre is a professional theater company located in Chicago's Loop. A\",\n \"title\": \"Goodman Theatre\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"866346\",\n \"text\": \"by comparing her son to Hamlet. Later he tries to come between them, as Hamlet had done with his mother and her new husband. The tragic developments in the plot follow in part from the scorn the mother shows for her son's play. Shakespeare adopted the play-within-a-play device for many of his other plays as well, including \\\"A Midsummer Night's Dream\\\"and \\\"Love's Labours Lost\\\". Almost the whole of \\\"The Taming of the Shrew\\\" is a play-within-a-play, presented to convince Christopher Sly, a drunken tinker, that he is a nobleman watching a private performance, but the device has no relevance to\",\n \"title\": \"Story within a story\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12295623\",\n \"text\": \"the play opens, Lombard soldiers are fleeing the battlefield, after defeat by the forces of Ravenna. The Swiss mercenary Andrucho, the title character, observes and comments upon the action. The King of the Lombards enters with his courtiers, including his cowardly and defeated general Timentes. (Andrucho, an unsubtle soldier, functions as something like the King's jester; the King calls him his \\\"bandog,\\\" and allows the Swiss to criticize the courtiers with little restraint.) The King demands that Timentes rally the troops and lead a counterattack. Andrucho and the old courtier Clephis speak up critically; Clephis in particular advises the King\",\n \"title\": \"The Swisser\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"739302\",\n \"text\": \"to \\\"bull-bearing Milo\\\" in Act 2 of \\\"Troilus and Cressida\\\". In Emily Brontë's \\\"Wuthering Heights\\\", character Catherine Earnshaw refers to the circumstances of Milo's demise when she says, \\\"Who is to separate us, pray? They'll meet the fate of Milo!\\\" In Johann Wyss' novel \\\"Swiss Family Robinson\\\", the youngest son Franz is entrusted with a bull buffalo to raise, and from which gains comparison to Milo. Alexandre Dumas has the strongest of the Three Musketeers, Porthos, mention \\\"Milo of Crotona\\\" saying that he had replicated a list of his feats of strength - all except breaking a cord tied around\",\n \"title\": \"Milo of Croton\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16637011\",\n \"text\": \"Mielziner, Oscar Hammerstein II, Clinton Wilder, Peggy Wood, William Inge, Arthur Miller. Examples of the span of productions include: \\\"The Doctor's Dilemma\\\" (George Bernard Shaw), \\\"The Master Builder\\\" (Henrik Ibsen), \\\"Story of a Soldier\\\" (music drama, Igor Stravinsky), \\\"Six Characters in Search of an Author\\\" (Luigi Pirandello), \\\"The Mother of Us All\\\" (opera, Virgil Thomson and Gertrude Stein), \\\"Measure for Measure\\\" (William Shakespeare), \\\"Livin the Life\\\" (musical based on Mark Twain's Mississippi River Tales), \\\"The Good Woman of Szechuan\\\" (Bertolt Brecht), \\\"Taming of the Shrew\\\" (William Shakespeare), \\\"Anna Christie\\\" (Eugene O'Neill). Balancing these successes were two major impediments to Houghton's\",\n \"title\": \"Norris Houghton\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8053703\",\n \"text\": \"III\\\", \\\"The Beaux' Stratagem\\\", \\\"Love's Labour's Lost\\\", \\\"Othello\\\", \\\"Lorenzaccio\\\" (world premiere), \\\"Macbeth\\\", \\\"Cyrano\\\", \\\"Five by Tenn\\\", \\\"The Winter's Tale\\\", \\\"The Silent Woman\\\", \\\"The Oedipus Plays\\\", \\\"The Duchess of Malfi\\\", \\\"Timon of Athens\\\", \\\"Don Carlos\\\", \\\"Hedda Gabler\\\", \\\"King Lear\\\", \\\"Coriolanus\\\", \\\"Camino Real\\\", \\\"A Woman of No Importance\\\", \\\"King John\\\", \\\"The Merchant of Venice\\\", \\\"Peer Gynt\\\", \\\"Sweet Bird of Youth\\\", combined \\\"Henry VI, Parts 1, 2 & 3\\\", \\\"Mourning Becomes Electra\\\", \\\"Henry V\\\", \\\"Volpone\\\", combined \\\"Henry IV, Parts 1 & 2\\\", \\\"Richard II\\\", \\\"The Doctor's Dilemma\\\", \\\"Hamlet\\\", \\\"Mother Courage and Her Children\\\", \\\"Much Ado About Nothing\\\", \\\"Measure for Measure\\\", \\\"Richard III\\\", \\\"Twelfth\",\n \"title\": \"Michael Kahn (theatre director)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18463270\",\n \"text\": \"is knocked unconscious by a blonde woman and abducted. She awakens in a warehouse, where she is raped by three masked men who demand that her husband stop selling weapons to non-whites, lest they kidnap her again. This episode got 4.29 million viewers on its original network in the United States. IGN gave \\\"Albification\\\" a 7.8/10.0 rating, stating; \\\"Supposedly, Sons is loosely based on Hamlet. There are major differences from the two—there's no one resembling Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, for instance—but it fits. Jax is the princely Hamlet; Clay is Claudius, Gemma is Queen Gertrude and Jax's father's manuscript is the\",\n \"title\": \"Albification\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12967562\",\n \"text\": \"Norwegian Ibsen Award. Also, he was nominated for another Brage Prize Award. In 2011 Harstad oversaw the first production of the complete \\\"Memoirs of a Breadman\\\"-trilogy at Black Box Teater in Oslo, a theater known for its focus on modern and contemporary theater. The plays are all a mix between comedy, tragedy and absurdism. The first part, \\\"Akapulco\\\", takes place in a fictitious Swiss village in Mexico around 1920-1930. The second part, \\\"Ellis Iland\\\" is set in Manhattan between 1906 and 1917 and focus on two immigrants, a German man called Barker and a Ukrainian man called Stoklitsky, who struggles\",\n \"title\": \"Johan Harstad\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2809290\",\n \"text\": \"network on October 27, 1995. The series mainly featured plots based on the \\\"Goosebumps\\\" books, among them \\\"The Haunted Mask\\\" and \\\"Cuckoo Clock of Doom\\\". The TV series aired in over 100 countries and it was the number one rated children's TV show for three years in the United States. Margaret Loesch, formerly the CEO of Fox Kids, offered Scholastic a TV deal after her son responded positively to the \\\"Goosebumps\\\" book \\\"Say Cheese and Die\\\" she had bought for him a day earlier. A book series, titled \\\"Goosebumps Presents\\\", was based on the TV series. The first attempt at\",\n \"title\": \"Goosebumps\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10331961\",\n \"text\": \"may have played the lead in \\\"Philaster\\\". He played Aretine the spy in \\\"The Roman Actor\\\", and had roles in other Massinger plays, \\\"The Picture\\\" and \\\"Believe as You List\\\"; he played the young lover Alcidonus in Arthur Wilson's \\\"The Swisser\\\" (1631). In the mid-1630s Swanston became involved in a major controversy within the King's Men. In the 1633–35 period, comedian John Shank purchased three shares in the Globe Theatre and two in the Blackfriars Theatre from William Heminges, the son and heir of John Heminges. Swanston at the time was a sharer in the acting company, but not in\",\n \"title\": \"Eliard Swanston\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"359864\",\n \"text\": \"Swiss cheese Swiss cheese is a generic name in North America for several related varieties of cheese, mainly of North American manufacture, which resemble Emmental cheese, a yellow, medium-hard cheese that originated in the area around Emmental, in Switzerland. Some types of Swiss cheese have a distinctive appearance, as the blocks of the cheese are riddled with holes known as \\\"eyes\\\". Swiss cheese without eyes is known as \\\"blind\\\". (The term is applied to cheeses of this style made outside Switzerland, such as Jarlsberg cheese, which originates in Norway). Three types of bacteria are used in the production of Emmental\",\n \"title\": \"Swiss cheese\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"903009\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Steptoe and Son\\\", the sitcom became firmly entrenched in the television schedules. Some of the most successful examples include \\\"To The Manor Born,\\\" \\\"As Time Goes By\\\", \\\"Steptoe and Son\\\", \\\"Dad's Army\\\", \\\"Keeping Up Appearances\\\", \\\"Red Dwarf\\\", \\\"The Good Life\\\", \\\"The Likely Lads\\\", \\\"Fawlty Towers\\\", \\\"Allo Allo\\\", \\\"The Good Life\\\", \\\"Are You Being Served?\\\", \\\"Yes Minister\\\", \\\"Only Fools and Horses\\\", \\\"Drop The Dead Donkey\\\", \\\"Men Behaving Badly\\\", \\\"The IT Crowd\\\", \\\"Absolutely Fabulous\\\", \\\"The Vicar of Dibley\\\", \\\"The Mighty Boosh\\\", \\\"Father Ted\\\", \\\"Mr. Bean\\\", \\\"Blackadder\\\", \\\"One Foot in the Grave\\\", \\\"The Brittas Empire\\\", \\\"I'm Alan Partridge\\\", \\\" Some Mothers Do 'Ave\",\n \"title\": \"British comedy\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11496095\",\n \"text\": \"writing of each author's work. Second Stage Productions include \\\"The Glass Menagerie,\\\" \\\"Driving Miss Daisy,\\\" \\\"Enter Laughing,\\\" \\\"Steel Magnolias,\\\" \\\"Lost in Yonkers,\\\" 'Art,\\\" \\\"Greater Tuna,\\\" \\\"Steeple People: A Southern Gospel Comedy,\\\" \\\"Doubt,\\\" \\\"Godspell,\\\" \\\"The 39 Steps,\\\" and \\\"The Complete Works of William Shakespeare (Abridged).\\\" In 2008 the Second Stage produced Thorton Wilder's \\\"Our Town\\\" as the first ever straight play on The Joseph Stein Stage. 2009 became a banner year for the Second Stage when Neil Simon's \\\"Barefoot in the Park\\\" became the first straight play to be incorporated as part of the Round Barn Theatre's main stage season. In\",\n \"title\": \"The Round Barn Theatre\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17183973\",\n \"text\": \"King Victor and King Charles King Victor and King Charles was the second play written by Robert Browning for the stage. He completed it in 1839 for William Macready, who had staged \\\"Strafford\\\" two years before, but Macready rejected it as unsuitable and it was never performed. It was published in 1842 as the second number of \\\"Bells and Pomegranates\\\". The subject of the play is the strange incident in 1730–32 in the Kingdom of Sardinia in which the elderly king, Victor Amadeus II, first abdicated in favour of his son Charles Emmanuel III, and then after months of ever-increasing\",\n \"title\": \"King Victor and King Charles\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2166703\",\n \"text\": \"his 2002 paper for \\\"The American Historical Review\\\", \\\"Buffalo Bill Meets Dracula: William F. Cody, Bram Stoker, and the Frontiers of Racial Decay\\\", historian Louis S. Warren writes: The chief remaining novelties at the Lyceum during Irving's term as sole manager (at the beginning of 1899 the theatre passed into the hands of a limited-liability company) were Arthur Conan Doyle's \\\"Waterloo\\\" (1894); J. Comyns Carr's \\\"King Arthur\\\" in 1895; \\\"Cymbeline\\\", in which Irving played Iachimo, in 1896; Sardou's \\\"Madame Sans-Gene\\\" in 1897; and \\\"Peter the Great\\\", a play by Laurence Irving, the actor's second son, in 1898. Irving received a\",\n \"title\": \"Henry Irving\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11252\",\n \"text\": \"Alps as a place of allure and beauty, in his novel \\\"Julie, or the New Heloise\\\" (1761), Later the first wave of Romantics such as Goethe and Turner came to admire the scenery; Wordsworth visited the area in 1790, writing of his experiences in \\\"The Prelude\\\" (1799). Schiller later wrote the play \\\"William Tell\\\" (1804), which tells the story the legendary Swiss marksman William Tell as part of the greater Swiss struggle for independence from the Habsburg Empire in the early 14th century. At the end of the Napoleonic Wars, the Alpine countries began to see an influx of poets,\",\n \"title\": \"Alps\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10384649\",\n \"text\": \"his \\\"Essais\\\": Rather than being a direct influence on Shakespeare, however, Montaigne may have been reacting to the same general atmosphere of the time, making the source of these lines one of context rather than direct influence. Within \\\"Hamlet\\\", the stories of five murdered fathers' sons are told: Hamlet, Laertes, Fortinbras, Pyrrhus, and Brutus. Each of them faces the question of revenge in a different way. For example, Laertes moves quickly to be \\\"avenged most throughly of [his] father\\\", while Fortinbras attacks Poland, rather than the guilty Denmark. Pyrrhus only stays his hand momentarily before avenging his father, Achilles, but\",\n \"title\": \"Critical approaches to Hamlet\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10373842\",\n \"text\": \"studios. BBC Video was well known for its releases of \\\"Fawlty Towers\\\", \\\"Blackadder\\\", \\\"Only Fools and Horses\\\", \\\"One Foot in the Grave\\\", \\\"Dinnerladies\\\", \\\"Coupling\\\", \\\"Big Cat Diary\\\", \\\"2point4 Children\\\", \\\"Ballykissangel\\\", \\\"Monarch Of The Glen\\\", \\\"Hamish MacBeth\\\", \\\"Are You Being Served?\\\", \\\"Allo Allo\\\", \\\"As Time Goes By\\\", \\\"Blake's 7\\\", \\\"The Young Ones\\\", \\\"Bottom\\\", \\\"Filthy, Rich and Catflap\\\", \\\"Pride & Prejudice\\\", \\\"The Naked Chef\\\", \\\"The Chronicles of Narnia\\\", \\\"The Office\\\", \\\"House of Cards\\\", \\\"To Play the King\\\", \\\"The Final Cut\\\", \\\"Life on Earth\\\", \\\"The Living Planet\\\", \\\"The Trials of Life\\\", \\\"Life in the Freezer\\\", \\\"The Private Life of Plants\\\", \\\"The Life of\",\n \"title\": \"2 Entertain\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5180315\",\n \"text\": \"it was \\\"a mediocre time-travel bore with barely enough plot for me to accuse of not making sense.\\\" He criticized the lack of explanation given to the Xindi's involvement in the Temporal Cold War, and said that the plot itself was akin to \\\"swiss cheese\\\" due to the number of plot holes. He gave the episode a score of one and a half out of four. A home media release of \\\"Carpenter Street\\\" has been as part of the season three DVD box set, released in the United States on September 27, 2005. The Blu-ray release of \\\"Enterprise\\\" was announced\",\n \"title\": \"Carpenter Street (Star Trek: Enterprise)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5064757\",\n \"text\": \"(2015). Similarly, hit Broadway plays are often adapted into films, whether from musicals or dramas. Some examples of American film adaptations based on successful Broadway plays are \\\"Arsenic and Old Lace\\\" (1944), \\\"Born Yesterday\\\" (1950), \\\"Harvey\\\" (1950), \\\"A Streetcar Named Desire\\\" (1951), \\\"The Odd Couple\\\" (1968), \\\"The Boys in the Band\\\" (1970), \\\"Agnes of God\\\" (1985), \\\"Children of a Lesser God\\\" (1986), Glengarry Glen Ross (1992), \\\"Real Women Have Curves\\\" (2002), \\\"Rabbit Hole\\\" (2010), and \\\"Fences\\\" (2016). On one hand, theatrical adaptation does not involve as many interpolations or elisions as novel adaptation, but on the other, the demands of\",\n \"title\": \"Film adaptation\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20033645\",\n \"text\": \"existence include \\\"The Doctor's Dilemma\\\" (George Bernard Shaw), \\\"The Master Builder\\\" (Henrik Ibsen), \\\"Story of a Soldier\\\" (music drama, Igor Stravinsky), \\\"Six Characters in Search of an Author\\\" (Luigi Pirandello), \\\"The Mother of Us All\\\" (opera, Virgil Thomson and Gertrude Stein), \\\"Measure for Measure\\\" (William Shakespeare), \\\"Livin' the Life\\\" (musical based on Mark Twain's Mississippi River tales), \\\"The Good Woman of Szechuan\\\" (Bertolt Brecht), \\\"The Taming of the Shrew\\\" (William Shakespeare), and Anna Christie (Eugene O'Neill). Houghton, frustrated by the role of theatrical producer because it precluded him from directing, left the Phoenix to become a professor at Vassar College,\",\n \"title\": \"Phoenix Theatre (New York City)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9234688\",\n \"text\": \"the Camellias\\\" (Stuttgart Ballet, 1978), \\\"A Streetcar Named Desire\\\" (Stuttgart Ballet, 1983), \\\"Peer Gynt\\\" (1989), \\\"The Seagull\\\" (2002), \\\"Death in Venice\\\" (2003), \\\"The Little Mermaid\\\" (Royal Danish Ballet, 2005), \\\"Liliom\\\" (2011) and \\\"Tatiana\\\" (2014). Of particular importance are his adaptations of plays by William Shakespeare, including \\\"Romeo and Juliet\\\" (Frankfurt Ballet, 1971), \\\"A Midsummer Night's Dream\\\" (1977), \\\"Othello\\\" (1985), \\\"As You Like It\\\" (1985), \\\"Hamlet\\\" (Royal Danish Ballet, 1985) and \\\"VIVALDI, or What You Will\\\" (1996). He has reinterpreted and rechoreographed the seminal classics of the 19th century: \\\"The Nutcracker\\\" (Frankfurt Ballet, 1971), set in the world of 19th-century ballet,\",\n \"title\": \"John Neumeier\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8599796\",\n \"text\": \"force feeds Babbit the Swiss cheese. Tale of Two Mice Tale of Two Mice is a 1945 Warner Bros. cartoon in the Looney Tunes series, directed by Frank Tashlin. It is a sequel to 1942's \\\"A Tale of Two Kitties\\\", with the Abbott and Costello characterizations (\\\"Babbit and Catstello\\\") now cast as mice. They are voiced by Tedd Pierce and Mel Blanc respectively. Babbit sends Catstello to get some cheese from the refrigerator putting Catsello in danger and peril with a cat, until finally Catsello obtains a block of cheese. Babbit doesn't want it, as he doesn't like Swiss cheese.\",\n \"title\": \"Tale of Two Mice\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9303058\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Wide Angle\\\" from 2002–2009 and has served as narrator for a number of \\\"Nova\\\" episodes starting in 2007. On stage, Sanders has appeared on Broadway in \\\"Loose Ends\\\" (1979), \\\"The Caine Mutiny Court-Martial\\\" (1983), \\\"Saint Joan\\\" (1993), and \\\"Pygmalion\\\" (2007). Off-Broadway, he appeared as George W. Bush in Sir David Hare's \\\"Stuff Happens\\\" in 2006. He then played in a number of Shakespearean plays: \\\"A Midsummer Night's Dream\\\" (Bottom, 2007), \\\"Hamlet\\\" (Ghost of Hamlet's Father/Player King/Gravedigger, 2008), \\\"Twelfth Night\\\" (as Sir Toby Belch, 2009), and the title role in Shakespeare's \\\"Titus Andronicus\\\" (2011). Sanders appeared in the Richard Nelson \\\"Apple\",\n \"title\": \"Jay O. Sanders\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6092911\",\n \"text\": \"the play \\\"Something About a Soldier\\\". Roberts is best known for his collaborations with Woody Allen. In \\\"Annie Hall\\\", he portrayed Alvy Singer's best friend Rob. Other Allen films and/or plays in which he has appeared include both the Broadway and film versions of \\\"Play It Again, Sam\\\" (directed by Herbert Ross), \\\"Radio Days\\\" (in which his father had a voice role), \\\"Stardust Memories\\\", \\\"Hannah and Her Sisters\\\", \\\"A Midsummer Night's Sex Comedy\\\", and Woody Allen's segment for \\\"The Concert for New York City\\\". Roberts memorably portrayed the badgering Deputy Mayor Warren LaSalle in \\\"The Taking of Pelham One Two\",\n \"title\": \"Tony Roberts (actor)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6639139\",\n \"text\": \"film version. He portrayed Jack Lemmon's brother in the screen adaptation of Simon's \\\"The Prisoner of Second Avenue\\\", and also appeared in \\\"Nobody's Fool\\\" starring Paul Newman. Saks shared a long-term professional association with playwright/comedy writer Neil Simon, directing Simon's plays \\\"Biloxi Blues\\\", \\\"Brighton Beach Memoirs\\\", \\\"Jake's Women\\\", \\\"Rumors\\\", \\\"Lost in Yonkers\\\", \\\"Broadway Bound\\\", \\\"The Odd Couple\\\" and \\\"California Suite\\\". His additional Broadway credits included \\\"Enter Laughing\\\"; \\\"Half a Sixpence\\\"; \\\"Nobody Loves an Albatross\\\"; \\\"Mame\\\"; \\\"I Love My Wife\\\"; \\\"Same Time, Next Year\\\" and \\\"Rags\\\". Among Saks' film directing credits were \\\"Barefoot in the Park\\\", \\\"The Odd Couple\\\", \\\"Cactus Flower\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"Gene Saks\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6526598\",\n \"text\": \"William Tell (play) William Tell () is a drama written by Friedrich Schiller in 1804. The story focuses on the legendary Swiss marksman William Tell as part of the greater Swiss struggle for independence from the Habsburg Empire in the early 14th century. Gioachino Rossini's four-act opera \\\"Guillaume Tell\\\" was written to a French adaptation of Schiller's play. The play was written by Friedrich Schiller between 1803 and 1804, and published that year in a first edition of 7000 copies. Since its publication, Schiller’s \\\"William Tell\\\" has been translated into many languages. Friedrich Schiller (who had never been to Switzerland,\",\n \"title\": \"William Tell (play)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18513739\",\n \"text\": \"companies and vaudeville during the 1910s and 1920s. In 1924 he would make his Broadway debut, starring as Peter Jekyll in \\\"The Wonderful Visit\\\", a play based on the novel of the same name by H. G. Wells, who also co-wrote the play. Over the next fifteen years he would appear in almost two dozen productions on the Great White Way, including such notable productions as \\\"Nocturne\\\" (1925), \\\"The Butter and Egg Man\\\" (1925–26), \\\"Elmer Gantry\\\" (1928), \\\"The Petrified Forest\\\" (1935) and \\\"Our Town\\\" (1938). It was during a revival of \\\"The Butter and Egg Man\\\" in London where Fadden\",\n \"title\": \"Tom Fadden\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2254436\",\n \"text\": \"an admirer told the composer that he had heard his opera the previous night, Rossini replied \\\"What? The whole of it?\\\". Another version of the story refers only to Act II. In 1864 Offenbach quoted the patriotic trio from Act 2, \\\"Lorsque la Grèce est un champ de carnage\\\" in \\\"La Belle Hélène\\\". The famous overture to the opera is often heard independently of the complete work. Its high-energy finale, \\\"March Of The Swiss Soldiers,\\\" is particularly familiar through its use in the American radio and television shows of \\\"The Lone Ranger.\\\" Several portions of the overture were used prominently\",\n \"title\": \"William Tell (opera)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1522948\",\n \"text\": \"as \\\"Der Wildfang\\\", \\\"Die beiden Klingsberg\\\" and \\\"Die deutschen Kleinstädter\\\", which contain cameos of German life. These plays held the stage in Germany long after the once-famous \\\"Menschenhass und Reue\\\" (\\\"Misanthropy and Repentance\\\", but known in England as \\\"The Stranger\\\"), \\\"Graf Benjowsky\\\", and ambitious exotic tragedies like \\\"Die Sonnenjungfrau\\\" and \\\"Die Spanier in Peru\\\" (which Sheridan adapted as \\\"Pizarro\\\") were forgotten. Theatre historians usually consider the runaway success of \\\"The Stranger\\\", the English version of \\\"Menschenhass und Reue\\\", in both England (where it opened in 1798) and the United States as one of the harbingers of the emerging popularity of\",\n \"title\": \"August von Kotzebue\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3674306\",\n \"text\": \"footage, particularly from \\\"Hell and High Water\\\", \\\"The Enemy Below\\\" and Allen's \\\"The Lost World\\\". Allen had originally intended \\\"Lost in Space\\\" (1965–68, CBS TV) to be a family show, a science fiction version of \\\"The Swiss Family Robinson\\\". It quickly developed into a children's show with episodes concentrating on the young Will Robinson, the robot and especially the comic villain Dr. Smith. The show popularized several science fiction elements that have since become widespread, such as the comic robot (e.g. \\\"Silent Running\\\", \\\"Star Wars\\\") or android (\\\"Logan's Run\\\", \\\"\\\"), the heroic child (\\\"Voyagers!\\\", Wesley Crusher), and the wacky lovable\",\n \"title\": \"Irwin Allen\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4001030\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Grocery lists. Spelling lists. Laundry lists. The very idea of lists has something inherently narrow, petty, unpoetic about it. \\\"List, list, O list!\\\" cried Hamlet’s father’s ghost in exasperation, and I couldn’t agree more …\\\" His translation of Georges Feydeau's farce, \\\"A Flea in Her Ear\\\" was produced at Chicago Shakespeare in 2006, and won the Joseph Jefferson Award for \\\"new adaptation\\\". His play, \\\"Is He Dead?\\\" adapted from an \\\"unproduced 1898 comedy\\\" by Mark Twain, ran on Broadway from December 2007 to March 2008. \\\"New Jerusalem\\\", concerning the excommunication of Baruch Spinoza, opened Off-Broadway in January 2008 (previews from\",\n \"title\": \"David Ives\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"866345\",\n \"text\": \"play \\\"The Mouse-trap\\\" (a title that Agatha Christie later took for the long-running play \\\"The Mousetrap\\\"). The play \\\"I Hate Hamlet\\\" and the movie \\\"A Midwinter's Tale\\\" are about a production of \\\"Hamlet\\\", which in turn includes a production of \\\"The Murder of Gonzago\\\", as does the Hamlet-based film \\\"Rosencrantz & Guildenstern Are Dead\\\" which even features a third-level puppet theatre version within their play. Similarly, in Anton Chekhov's \\\"The Seagull\\\" there are specific allusions to \\\"Hamlet\\\": in the first act a son stages a play to impress his mother, a professional actress, and her new lover; the mother responds\",\n \"title\": \"Story within a story\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"728573\",\n \"text\": \"responsibility for dramatic and dangerous changes to the world, has also been presented in translation. Radio plays published in English include \\\"Hercules in the Augean Stables\\\" (\\\"Herkules und der Stall des Augias\\\", 1954), \\\"Incident at Twilight\\\" (\\\"Abendstunde im Spätherbst\\\", 1952) and \\\"The Mission of the Vega\\\" (\\\"Das Unternehmen der Wega\\\", 1954). The two late works \\\"Labyrinth\\\" and \\\"Turmbau zu Babel\\\" are a collection of unfinished ideas, stories, and philosophical thoughts. In 1990, he gave two famous speeches, one in honour of Václav Havel (\\\"Die Schweiz, ein Gefängnis?/Switzerland a Prison?\\\"), the other in honour of Mikhail Gorbachev (\\\"Kants Hoffnung/Kant's Hope\\\"). Dürrenmatt\",\n \"title\": \"Friedrich Dürrenmatt\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6095890\",\n \"text\": \"being elected (8 May 1837) an honorary member of the Garrick Club. For much of his life, Thomas lived in Pangbourne in Berkshire. He wrote about 25 plays, several of which had great popularity, among them \\\"Columbus, or a World Discovered\\\" (1792); \\\"Children in the Wood\\\" (1793); \\\"Zorinski\\\" (1795); \\\"The Way to Get Married\\\" (1796); \\\"A Cure for the Heart Ache\\\" (1797); \\\"Speed the Plough\\\" (1798); \\\"Secrets Worth Knowing\\\" (1798); \\\"The Blind Girl, or A Receipt for Beauty\\\" (1801); \\\"The School of Reform, or How to Rule a Husband\\\" (1805); \\\"Town and Country, or Which Is Best?\\\" (1807); \\\"The Knight\",\n \"title\": \"Thomas Morton (playwright)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17104264\",\n \"text\": \"another soldier describes their wounded comrades as lucky, because they'll be sent home. The men are then ordered to ride into battle, on leather saddles termed \\\"cows.\\\" Rumplestiltskin panics and, believing he is destined to die in battle the next day, crushes his own leg with a hammer. Rumplestiltskin returns home to find Milah cradling their son, Baelfire. She is aghast to see confirmation of the rumor that he took the cowardly action of wounding himself to escape the battle, and she denounces him. He didn't want to leave his son fatherless as his own father did by abandoning him,\",\n \"title\": \"Manhattan (Once Upon a Time)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"709200\",\n \"text\": \"and \\\"Africanism\\\" are not proper names, but are capitalized because \\\"Africa\\\" is a proper name. Adjectives, verbs, adverbs, and derived common nouns that are capitalized (\\\"Swiss\\\" in \\\"Swiss cheese\\\"; \\\"Anglicize\\\"; \\\"Calvinistically\\\"; \\\"Petrarchism\\\") are sometimes loosely called \\\"proper adjectives\\\" (and so on), but not in mainstream linguistics. Which of these items are capitalized may be merely conventional. \\\"Abrahamic\\\", \\\"Buddhist\\\", \\\"Hollywoodize\\\", \\\"Freudianism\\\", and \\\"Reagonomics\\\" are capitalized; \\\"quixotic\\\", \\\"bowdlerize\\\", \\\"mesmerism\\\", and \\\"pasteurization\\\" are not; \\\"aeolian\\\", and \\\"alpinism\\\" may be capitalized or not. Some words or some homonyms (depending on how a body of study defines \\\"word\\\") have one meaning when capitalized and another\",\n \"title\": \"Proper noun\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19485657\",\n \"text\": \"Andronicus\\\", \\\"Ricard III\\\", Gogol's \\\"Revisor\\\", \\\"Wedding\\\", \\\"The Overcoat\\\", Moliere's \\\"Don Juan\\\", Dostoevsky's \\\"Timid\\\", \\\"The House of the Dead\\\", Tolstoi's \\\"Kholstomer\\\", Pushkin's \\\"Don Juan\\\", \\\"King Sultan's Tale\\\", Chekhov's \\\"Life is Beautiful\\\", Bulgakov's \\\"Master and Marguerit\\\", Brecht's \\\"Caucasian Chalk Circle\\\", \\\"Fear and Misery of the Third Reich\\\", \\\"The Threepenny Opera\\\" etc. Varsimashvili is also a film director. In 2008 he directed a film version of his very popular play \\\"Idiotokratia\\\" (Idiotocracy). In 2009 he directed \\\"Kvelaferi Kargad Ikneba\\\" (Everything will be fine), which broke the all time record of sold tickets in history of independent Georgia. After that he directed four more\",\n \"title\": \"Avtandil Varsimashvili\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3420398\",\n \"text\": \"know it's something that would appeal to an international audience.\\\" In 2014, it was announced that Steve Carell would possibly headline \\\"Brooklyn Family Robinson\\\", a modern update of the film. As of 2016, there have been no official announcements, casting or setting of production dates. Swiss Family Robinson (1960 film) Swiss Family Robinson is a 1960 American adventure film starring John Mills, Dorothy McGuire, James MacArthur, Janet Munro, Tommy Kirk and Kevin Corcoran in a tale of a shipwrecked family building an island home, loosely based on the 1812 novel \\\"Der Schweizerische Robinson\\\" (literally, \\\"The Swiss Robinson\\\") by Johann David\",\n \"title\": \"Swiss Family Robinson (1960 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1287735\",\n \"text\": \"Guard: In Act IV, Scene v (line 98) he has King Claudius exclaim \\\"Where are my Switzers? Let them guard the door\\\". However, it may also be due to the word \\\"Swiss\\\" having become a generic term for a royal guard in popular European usage. Coincidentally, the present-day gatekeepers of the royal palace of Copenhagen are known as \\\"schweizere\\\", \\\"Swiss\\\". Swiss Guards Swiss Guards (; ) are the Swiss soldiers who have served as guards at foreign European courts since the late 15th century. Foreign military service was outlawed by the revised Swiss Federal Constitution of 1874, with the only\",\n \"title\": \"Swiss Guards\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14779263\",\n \"text\": \"of the story is in the legend of William Tell, supposedly happening to start off the Swiss revolution, written first in the 15th-century \\\"White Book of Sarnen\\\", then in Aegidius Tschudi's 16th-century \\\"Chronicon Helveticum\\\", and later the basis for Friedrich Schiller's 1804 play. Tell is arrested for failing to bow in respect to the hat that the newly appointed Austrian \\\"Vogt\\\", Albrecht Gessler, has placed on a pole, and Gessler commands him to shoot an apple off his son's head with a single bolt from his crossbow. After splitting the apple with the single shot (supposedly on November 18, 1307),\",\n \"title\": \"Shooting an apple off one's child's head\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18702827\",\n \"text\": \"self-produced farces and comedies, but he always returned to the classic comedy roles and serious roles: in 1972 in Zürich \\\"Nick Bottom\\\" (Zettel) in Shakespeare's \\\"A Midsummer Night's Dream\\\" and in 1980 alongside Ruedi Walter in the Swiss German adaption \\\"Warte uf de Godot\\\" (\\\"Waiting For Godot\\\"). At the Festival Bad Hersfeld Schneider received for his portrayal of \\\"Sancho Panza\\\" in Dale Wasserman's musical \\\"Mann von La Mancha\\\" the Bad Hersfeld Prize in 1985. Jörg Schneider embodied in 1991 the title role in Molière's \\\"The Imaginary Invalid\\\", and in 1992 the role of \\\"Director Gross\\\" in \\\"D'Benachrichtigung\\\", a Swiss German\",\n \"title\": \"Jörg Schneider\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3420378\",\n \"text\": \"Swiss Family Robinson (1960 film) Swiss Family Robinson is a 1960 American adventure film starring John Mills, Dorothy McGuire, James MacArthur, Janet Munro, Tommy Kirk and Kevin Corcoran in a tale of a shipwrecked family building an island home, loosely based on the 1812 novel \\\"Der Schweizerische Robinson\\\" (literally, \\\"The Swiss Robinson\\\") by Johann David Wyss. The film was directed by Ken Annakin and shot in Tobago and Pinewood Studios outside London. It was the second feature film version of the story (the first film version was released by RKO in 1940) and was a commercial success. \\\"Swiss Family Robinson\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"Swiss Family Robinson (1960 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14380441\",\n \"text\": \"and Dolls\\\". He went on to star as Mark Trelawny in \\\"A Dangerous Obsession\\\" in Hamburg and as Captain Lombard, in Vienna's English Theatre production of \\\"And Then There Were None.\\\" He was subsequently invited back to play Freddy, in George Bernard Shaw's \\\"Pygmalion\\\". Roles in Shakespeare include Orsino in \\\"Twelfth Night\\\" and Don Pedro in \\\"Much Ado About Nothing\\\" (British Shakespeare Company). Simon's other television credits include: \\\"Shortland Street\\\", \\\"EastEnders\\\", \\\"\\\", \\\"The Knock\\\", \\\"Goodnight Sweetheart\\\", \\\"Bernard's Watch\\\", \\\"Genie in the House\\\", \\\"The Bill\\\", \\\"Casualty\\\", \\\"Holby City\\\", \\\"Agony\\\", \\\"Murder in Suburbia\\\", \\\"Perfect Strangers\\\", \\\"Comic Relief\\\", \\\"Barbara\\\", \\\"Fur TV\\\" and \\\"My\",\n \"title\": \"Jay Simon\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11142309\",\n \"text\": \"ascertained. (Our English version of the play has no character named Vespasian, and this could have been a play about the father-and-son Roman emperors Vespasian and Titus. However, a German version of \\\"Titus Andronicus\\\" made in Shakespeare's time included a major character named Vespasian, which could indicate a lost earlier version which was taken into Germany.) In the spring of 1594, the plague abated and the London theatres opened for a sustained period. Sussex's Men teamed with Queen Elizabeth's Men for two joint performances of Robert Greene's \\\"Friar Bacon and Friar Bungay\\\" in early April; but after that, Sussex's Men\",\n \"title\": \"Sussex's Men\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9889758\",\n \"text\": \"to salute a skunk with \\\"Heil Hitler!\\\") chases Daffy to a telephone booth, where Daffy continues to make fun of him, such as nicknaming him \\\"Von Limburger\\\" (after the infamously foul-smelling cheese). The much abused Schultz character, an underling in the German Army who always gets the blame when things go wrong, is probably based on a similar character in the popular 1942 Jack Benny film \\\"To Be or Not to Be\\\". Daffy then jumps in a plane, narrowly avoiding being shot by \\\"a \\\"whole\\\" mess of Messerschmitts\\\". When Daffy is shot down by Von Vultur, his plane is literally\",\n \"title\": \"Daffy – The Commando\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14774375\",\n \"text\": \"innovation. Examples of this could be seen many times throughout history, such as the forbidden apple from The Garden of Eden, the apple from Snow White, Newton’s discovery of gravity through the falling apple, the Swiss folk story of Wilhelm Tell and the apple placed on his son’s head and even New York City, often dubbed the Big Apple. Following the long traditions of apples being used as a symbol for such historical advances, the theme of the building will be based on the theme of an apple as well. The building will feature two main sections: the apple core\",\n \"title\": \"Design and Arts Arcadia of Myungseung\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10016227\",\n \"text\": \"City of London to the sunshine of the Mediterranean – across the Alps in winter. Danger and treachery would prevail were it not for the courage of the heroine, Marguerite, and a faithful company servant. The stage play follows a similar plotline, but is compressed and made particularly dramatic in the fourth act, which is set in the Swiss Alps. The tension builds to a spectacular scene in which Obenreizer, the villain, confronts the hero George Vendale, at the side of a mountain gorge. It has been performed only once since the 1867 West End premiere, in 1904 at a\",\n \"title\": \"No Thoroughfare\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7786025\",\n \"text\": \"cheese was laid down during a Landsgemeinde in 1463. The cheese also has to bear a stamp of origin, making it one of the earliest protected brands. Schabziger is produced exclusively by Geska (Gesellschaft Schweizer Kräuterkäse-Fabrikanten). It is sold abroad under the name \\\"Swiss Green Cheese\\\". In the US it is also sold under the brand Sap Sago. Sap Sago was introduced into New York pharmacies in the 19th century. The name is a corruption of the word Schabziger (pronounced similar to \\\"shap-tsigeh\\\" in German), though folk etymology has it that the green herb juice used made to make the\",\n \"title\": \"Schabziger\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11834708\",\n \"text\": \"death. Ophelia suggests that instead of killing the prince, the King should banish him to \\\"Engle-land\\\", where \\\"dwell a cultured race.\\\" Claudius assents, commenting, \\\"They're welcome to his philosophic brain.\\\" Hamlet is banished, and Rosencrantz embraces Ophelia. Rosencrantz and Guildenstern (play) Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, A Tragic Episode, in Three Tabloids is a short comic play by W. S. Gilbert, a parody of \\\"Hamlet\\\" by William Shakespeare. The main characters in Gilbert's play are King Claudius and Queen Gertrude of Denmark, their son Prince Hamlet, the courtiers Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, and Ophelia. Gilbert's play first appeared in \\\"Fun\\\" magazine in 1874\",\n \"title\": \"Rosencrantz and Guildenstern (play)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8786725\",\n \"text\": \"in a thin paper wrapping and packaged in wooden boxes, six to a box. The cheeses weighed 60 grams each and were called simply \\\"\\\"suisse\\\"\\\" (Swiss). Today, they are made throughout France. Though the 60-g version is often seen labelled \\\"petit suisse\\\", the term is sometimes reserved for the 30-g ones, the larger ones then being referred to as a \\\"double petit-suisse\\\", \\\"double suisse\\\", or \\\"suisse double\\\". Petit suisse Petit-suisse (meaning \\\"little Swiss cheese\\\") is a French cheese from the Normandy region. \\\"Petit-suisse\\\" is a \\\"fromage frais\\\", an unripened, unsalted, smooth, and creamy cheese with a texture closer to a\",\n \"title\": \"Petit suisse\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17959191\",\n \"text\": \"found in works such as \\\"Dancing with Men\\\" and \\\"Marcus Fisher | Say Cheese\\\", but she has produced as other male characters, including an Arab man, a Norwegian postman and a black man. Ashery's more recent work has been based on Mayakovsky's 1921 play \\\"Mystery-Bouffe\\\". This work confronts social and class biases alongside issues of political power and agency. Her performance at the Tate Modern \\\"The World is Flooding\\\" in 2014 was followed by an exhibition \\\"Animal with a Language\\\" at Waterside Contemporary, both of which saw Ashery work with participants from Freedom from Torture, UK Lesbian and Gay Immigration\",\n \"title\": \"Oreet Ashery\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18341860\",\n \"text\": \"Post-Electric Play, Sextet, Beatrice & Virgil, Unidentified Human Remains..., Someone Else, Seussical,\\\" \\\"Frost/Nixon\\\", 7 \\\"Stories\\\", \\\"The Way of the World\\\", \\\"London Road\\\", \\\"Angels in America\\\", \\\"Shopping and Fucking\\\", \\\"Hamlet\\\", \\\"Fiddler on the Roof\\\", \\\"The Alchemist\\\", \\\"Macbeth\\\", \\\"The Tempest\\\", \\\"Titus Andronicus\\\", \\\"Elizabeth Rex\\\", \\\"Our Country's Good\\\" and \\\"The Chocolate Soldier\\\". His roles in film and television have included \\\"Angel Square\\\", \\\"The Art of Woo\\\", \\\"Children of My Heart\\\", \\\"Take This Waltz\\\", \\\"Slings and Arrows\\\" and \\\"The Matthew Shepard Story.\\\" Atkins has been nominated for ten Dora Mavor Moore Awards for acting and writing, winning four. He won two Doras in 2002,\",\n \"title\": \"Damien Atkins\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"272889\",\n \"text\": \"on the songs of Queen). Live-action film musicals were nearly dead in the 1980s and early 1990s, with exceptions of \\\"Victor/Victoria\\\", \\\"Little Shop of Horrors\\\" and the 1996 film of \\\"Evita\\\". In the new century, Baz Luhrmann began a revival of the film musical with \\\"Moulin Rouge!\\\" (2001). This was followed by \\\"Chicago\\\" (2002); \\\"Phantom of the Opera\\\" (2004); \\\"Dreamgirls\\\" (2006); \\\"Hairspray\\\", \\\"Enchanted\\\" and \\\"\\\" (all in 2007); \\\"Mamma Mia!\\\" (2008); \\\"Nine\\\" (2009); \\\"Les Misérables\\\" and \\\"Pitch Perfect\\\" (both in 2012), \\\"Into The Woods\\\" (2014) and \\\"La La Land\\\" (2016), among others. Dr. Seuss's \\\"How the Grinch Stole Christmas!\\\" (2000)\",\n \"title\": \"Musical theatre\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3244020\",\n \"text\": \"and because of his on-camera driving experience from his days on \\\"Route 66\\\". He guest starred in three episodes of \\\"Emergency!\\\" between 1972 and 1976, during and after \\\"Adam-12\\\"s run on NBC, the best known and first of which was the pilot episode \\\"The Wedsworth-Townsend Act\\\". After \\\"Adam-12\\\", Milner starred as Karl Robinson in a television series version of \\\"The Swiss Family Robinson\\\" (1975–1976), produced by Irwin Allen. Most of his following work was as a television guest star, including action-adventure series \\\"MacGyver\\\" (as James MacGyver, MacGyver's father), \\\"Airwolf\\\", \\\"Murder, She Wrote\\\" and \\\"\\\". In 1983, Milner hosted a morning\",\n \"title\": \"Martin Milner\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"125320\",\n \"text\": \"million, as compared to the approximate annual loss in shipping of $2 million. Initial forays floundered, and Newton, by that time a general, took over direct control of the project. In 1868 Newton decided, with the support of both New York's mercantile class and local real estate interests, to focus on the Hallert's Point Reef off of Queens. The project would involve of tunnels equipped with trains to haul debris out as the reef was eviscerated, creating a reef structured like \\\"swiss cheese\\\" which Newton would then blow up. After seven years of digging seven thousand holes, and filling four\",\n \"title\": \"East River\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12815294\",\n \"text\": \"played by Adam. Just before the interval, the Nazis board the stage and promise the audience two loaves of bread and a jar of jam if they board the trains to \\\"a new life in the east\\\" on the following morning. They ask the Jews to bring a suitcase each, containing their most precious belongings. The Nazis offer Daniel and his company safe passage to Switzerland if they carry on with the play in order to keep the Jews calm. The company struggles to decide between collaboration with the Nazis in return for their freedom and life, and sacrifying themselves\",\n \"title\": \"Imagine This\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4928890\",\n \"text\": \"11th century's worst Briton. He features as the central villain in the anonymous play \\\"Edmund Ironside\\\", now part of the Shakespeare Apocrypha. In this play, Edricus (as his name has been Latinized) is the bastard son of peasants, who raises himself to the level of earl through lies and flattery. Proud of his talent for dishonesty, he would be happy to see either the Danes or the Saxons rule England, but supports the Danes for reasons of personal expediency. Eadric is also a character in a tragedy by the Danish romantic playwright Adam Oehlenschlæger \\\"Canute the Great\\\" (1838). Eadric Streona\",\n \"title\": \"Eadric Streona\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8041523\",\n \"text\": \"of the National Theatre. Shakespeare plays in which Cellier has appeared include \\\"Hamlet\\\", \\\"The Merchant of Venice\\\", \\\"Othello\\\", \\\"Love's Labour's Lost\\\", \\\"Measure for Measure\\\", \\\"As You Like It\\\", \\\"King John\\\", \\\"Julius Caesar\\\", \\\"Cymbeline\\\" and \\\"Henry V\\\", as the Dauphin. Other roles include Pinchard in Georges Feydeau's \\\"An Absolute Turkey\\\", Tommy Devon in \\\"Aunt Edwina\\\", The Dean of Archeo in \\\"Body and Soul\\\", Eric Shelding in \\\"The Case in Question\\\", Danforth in \\\"The Crucible\\\", Duke Francis in \\\"The Dark Horse\\\", Dr. Finache in Jacques Charon's National Theatre production of Feydeau's \\\"A Flea in her Ear\\\", Charles Blutham in \\\"Juno and the\",\n \"title\": \"Peter Cellier\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11772370\",\n \"text\": \"Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Undead Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Undead is a 2009 American independent film written and directed by Jordan Galland. The film's title refers to a fictitious play-within-the-movie, which is a comic reinterpretation of Shakespeare’s \\\"Hamlet\\\" and its aftermath and whose title is a reference to the play \\\"Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are Dead\\\". The cast includes Devon Aoki, John Ventimiglia, Kris Lemche, Ralph Macchio, Jeremy Sisto and Waris Ahluwalia. The film stars Jake Hoffman (son of Dustin Hoffman). An original musical score was composed and performed by Sean Lennon. Shooting began in late November, 2007, and principal photography\",\n \"title\": \"Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Undead\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18705162\",\n \"text\": \"Lüthi und Blanc The various plot lines are about the fate of families around the stubborn chocolate factory-owner Jean-Jacques Blanc (Hans Heinz Moser), his wife Johanna (Linda Geiser), whose daughter Catherine (Isabelle von Siebenthal) and her son, and Catherine's husband Martin Lüthi (Hans Schenker). Opponent of the Lüthi and Blanc-clans and \\\"villain\\\" of the series is the opaque, scheming bankers and illegitimate son of J.J. Blanc, Michael Frick (Gilles Tschudi). The serial focusses on locations in Zürich and Sainte-Croix, the location of the fictional chocolate factory J. J. Blanc. Lüthi und Blanc was shot at locations in the Canton of\",\n \"title\": \"Lüthi und Blanc\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6419369\",\n \"text\": \"Adventure fiction takes the setting and premise of these other genres, but the fast-paced plot of an adventure focuses on the actions of the hero within the setting. With a few notable exceptions (such as Baroness Orczy, Leigh Brackett and Marion Zimmer Bradley) adventure fiction as a genre has been largely dominated by male writers, though female writers are now becoming common. Adventure stories written specifically for children began in the 19th century. Early examples include Johann David Wyss' \\\"The Swiss Family Robinson\\\" (1812), Frederick Marryat's \\\"The Children of the New Forest\\\" (1847), and Harriet Martineau's \\\"The Peasant and the\",\n \"title\": \"Adventure fiction\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1466389\",\n \"text\": \"don't not believe it. His plays have been performed nationwide, including on Broadway and Off-Broadway. His works include \\\"Sister Mary Ignatius Explains It All For You\\\", \\\"Beyond Therapy\\\", \\\"Baby With the Bathwater\\\", \\\"The Nature and Purpose of the Universe\\\", \\\"Titanic\\\", \\\"A History of the American Film\\\", \\\"The Idiots Karamazov\\\", \\\"The Marriage of Bette and Boo\\\", \\\"Laughing Wild\\\", \\\"'Dentity Crisis\\\", \\\"The Actor's Nightmare\\\", \\\"The Vietnamization of New Jersey\\\", \\\"Betty's Summer Vacation\\\", \\\"Naomi in the Living Room\\\", \\\"Adrift in Macao\\\", \\\"Mrs. Bob Cratchit's Wild Christmas Binge\\\", \\\"Miss Witherspoon\\\", \\\"Why Torture is Wrong, and the People Who Love Them\\\", \\\"Vanya and Sonia and\",\n \"title\": \"Christopher Durang\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3558841\",\n \"text\": \"in Kars are of meat processing, livestock feed processing, gristmill, yarn, tannery, footwear, cement and brick factories. Among the most famous food products special to Kars region are Kars honey, Kars Kasseri, Kars Gruyère cheese, which tastes like Swiss Emmental cheese, and Kars style roasted goose. Kars contains numerous monuments, the most notable being the ruined Armenian city of Ani and the 9th century Church of the Apostles. Kars was also the setting for the popular novel \\\"Snow\\\" by Orhan Pamuk. \\\"The Siege of Kars, 1855\\\" is a book published by The Stationery Office, 2000, and is an account of\",\n \"title\": \"Kars Province\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"829498\",\n \"text\": \"by the Russian government. The Tevye stories have been adapted for stage and film several times. Sholem Aleichem's own Yiddish stage adaptation was not produced during his lifetime; its first production, by Maurice Schwartz, was in 1919. (Schwartz did a film based on the play twenty years later.) Most famously, it was adapted as the Broadway musical and later film \\\"Fiddler on the Roof\\\". The Broadway musical was based on a play written by Arnold Perl called \\\"Tevye and His Daughters\\\". \\\"Tevye the Dairyman\\\" had three film adaptations: in Yiddish (1939), English (1971) and Russian (1991). \\\"Tevye the Dairyman\\\" comprises\",\n \"title\": \"Tevye\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2475914\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Beauty and the Beast\\\", \\\"\\\", \\\"Basic Instinct\\\", \\\"Unforgiven\\\", \\\"The Bodyguard\\\", \\\"Aladdin\\\", \\\"Sister Act\\\", \\\"Mrs. Doubtfire\\\", \\\"Sleepless in Seattle\\\", \\\"The Fugitive\\\", \\\"Jurassic Park\\\", \\\"Schindler's List\\\", \\\"The Nightmare Before Christmas\\\", \\\"The Lion King\\\", \\\"Forrest Gump\\\", \\\"Pulp Fiction\\\", \\\"Clueless\\\", \\\"Apollo 13\\\", \\\"Toy Story\\\", \\\"Seven\\\", \\\"Braveheart\\\", \\\"Independence Day\\\", \\\"Matilda\\\", \\\"Jerry Maguire\\\", \\\"Scream\\\", \\\"Good Will Hunting\\\", \\\"Men In Black\\\", \\\"\\\", \\\"My Best Friend's Wedding\\\", \\\"Titanic\\\", \\\"Saving Private Ryan\\\", \\\"Mulan\\\", \\\"Fight Club\\\", \\\"The Matrix\\\", \\\"The Green Mile\\\", \\\"The Sixth Sense\\\", \\\"American Beauty\\\", \\\"\\\", \\\"Gladiator\\\", \\\"Harry Potter\\\", \\\"Ocean's Eleven\\\", \\\"Moulin Rouge\\\", \\\"Legally Blonde\\\", \\\"The Princess Diaries\\\", \\\"Gangs of New York\\\", \\\"The Lord of the Rings\\\", \\\"Pirates of\",\n \"title\": \"Cinema of the United States\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3304059\",\n \"text\": \"are: \\\"Much Ado About Nothing\\\" (William Shakespeare), \\\"Henry V\\\" (William Shakespeare) and \\\"The Three Musketeers\\\" (Ken Ludwig). Plays in the new Eileen and Allen Anes Studio Theatre are \\\"Julius Caesar\\\" (William Shakespeare) and \\\"Murder for Two\\\" (Kinosian and Blair). Plays in the Randall L. Jones Theatre are \\\"Mary Poppins\\\" (Sherman, Sherman, Fellowes), \\\"The Odd Couple\\\" (Neil Simon) and \\\"The Cocoanuts\\\" (Berlin, Kaufman) The Festival was founded in 1961, presented its first season in 1962. It is one of the oldest and largest Shakespearean festivals in North America. The Festival is located in Cedar City, Utah, a community of approximately 28,000\",\n \"title\": \"Utah Shakespeare Festival\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8802989\",\n \"text\": \"In 2004 he played Lee in TV film \\\"Bella and the Boys\\\". In 2005 he played the 20-year-old version of Giacomo Casanova's son, Giac, in the television adaptation of \\\"Casanova\\\", starring David Tennant and Peter O'Toole. In 2006 he played Dr. John Seward in the TV film \\\"Dracula\\\". In 2007 he played Napoleon Bonaparte in an episode of BBC's docudrama \\\"Heroes and Villains\\\" and had a small part as a book publisher in the satirical drama \\\"The Trial of Tony Blair\\\". In 2009 he played Colonel Race in an episode of the 12th series of \\\"Agatha Christie's Poirot\\\". In 2011\",\n \"title\": \"Tom Burke (actor)\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"compressed_ctxs_1":{"kind":"string","value":"{\n \"compressed_prompt\": \"Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\\n\\ntitle: Leland Crooke context: Leland Crooke Leland Crooke is an American actor from stage and film. He is known from several stage plays and films by David Beaird. In February 1980, Crooke gave his stage debut in the play Bal (Richard Nelson's loosely adaption of Bertolt Brecht's play \\\"Baal\\\" with James Belushi in title role) which was staged at the Goodman Theatre in Chicago. In October of the same year he was cast as Swiss Cheese, the youngest son of Mother Courage in Sharon Ott's adaption of Brecht's play \\\"Mother Courage and Her Children\\\" at the Milwaukee Repertory Theater in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. In 1981\\n\\nIn what play does the title character have a son named Swiss Cheese?\",\n \"compressed_tokens\": 197,\n \"origin_tokens\": 197,\n \"ratio\": \"1.0x\",\n \"saving\": \", Saving $0.0 in GPT-4.\"\n}"},"compressed_ctxs_100":{"kind":"string","value":"{\n \"compressed_prompt\": \"Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\\n\\ntitle: Mother Courage and Her Children context: and his mother sing \\\"The Fishwife and the Soldier\\\". Mother Courage scolds her son for endangering himself. Three years later, Swiss Cheese works as an army paymaster. The camp prostitute, Yvette Pottier, sings \\\"The Fraternization Song\\\". Mother Courage uses this song to Kattrin against involving herself with soldiers. Before the Catholic troops arrive, the Cook and Chaplain bring a message from Eilif. Swiss Cheese hides the regiment's paybox from invading soldiers, and Mother Courage and companions change their insignia from Protestant to Catholic. Swiss Cheese is captured and tortured by the Catholics having hidden the paybox by the river.\\n\\ntitle: Mother Courage and Her context Elliott Katrin, Digby Day as Swiss Cheese, Jamesr Eiliff The play received its American premiere at Cleveland Play House in 158, starring Harriet Brazier as Mother Courage. The play was directed by Benno Frank the set was designed by Paul Rodgers. The first Broadway production of \\\"Mother Courage\\\" opened at Martin Beck Theatre 28 March 1963. It was directed Jerome Robbins, starred Anne Bancroft, and Barbara Harris and Gene Wilder It ran for 52 performances and was nominated for 5 Tonys During this production Wilder first met Bancroft's then-boyfriend, Mel Brooks.\\n Cou Couber to free, to paagonde it regiment. When Che claims that has the box in the river Motherragetra on and Cheeseing shot as an accomplice Mother Courage does not acknowledge his body and disc. Later Mother Cou outside General's tent to register a complaint sings \\\"ong Greatulation\\\" to young anxious to complainadequate pay The persuades to their compla When\\n: Children the states It follows of,rage a the Army who to make living war. play shees all,ese, the war she The name of the central character, Mother Courage, is drawn from the picaresque writings of the 17th-century German writer Grimmelshausen. His central character in the early short novel, \\\"The Runagate Courage,\\\" also struggles and connives her way through the Thirty Years'\\n\\nIn what play does the title character have a son named Swiss Cheese?\",\n \"compressed_tokens\": 495,\n \"origin_tokens\": 16632,\n \"ratio\": \"33.6x\",\n \"saving\": \", Saving $1.0 in GPT-4.\"\n}"}}},{"rowIdx":288,"cells":{"id":{"kind":"number","value":288,"string":"288"},"question":{"kind":"string","value":"How many grandchildren did artist Grandma Moses have?"},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["11","eleven"],"string":"[\n \"11\",\n \"eleven\"\n]","isConversational":false},"target":{"kind":"string","value":"11"},"ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"id":"34541","text":"loves and defends the simple life. Granny's full name, Daisy Moses, is allegedly an homage to the popular and dearly loved folk artist Anna Mary Robertson, known to the world as Grandma Moses, who died in 1961, a year before \"The Beverly Hillbillies\" made its television debut. Granny is frequently referred to as \"Granny Clampett\" in a number of episodes, but technically she is a Moses. Granny appears in all 274 episodes. Elly May (Donna Douglas in all 274 episodes), the only child of Jed and Rose Ellen Clampett, is a mountain beauty with the body of a pinup girl","title":"The Beverly Hillbillies"},{"id":"20398485","text":"Minnie Reinhardt Minnie Smith Reinhardt (1898–1986) was an American naïve painter, known for her memory paintings. Sometimes called the \"Grandma Moses of Catawba County\", Reinhardt grew up in the community of Jugtown, today called Vale. One of eleven children, she helped out on the family farm from an early age. She also attended school, where she was able to draw. Aged about eighteen, she took a position as a cook at Lenoir-Rhyne College in Hickory. There she performed numerous housekeeping duties; she also learned to sew, which she would do for people around the county. She also helped out in","title":"Minnie Reinhardt"},{"id":"20398488","text":"of her work. Minnie Reinhardt Minnie Smith Reinhardt (1898–1986) was an American naïve painter, known for her memory paintings. Sometimes called the \"Grandma Moses of Catawba County\", Reinhardt grew up in the community of Jugtown, today called Vale. One of eleven children, she helped out on the family farm from an early age. She also attended school, where she was able to draw. Aged about eighteen, she took a position as a cook at Lenoir-Rhyne College in Hickory. There she performed numerous housekeeping duties; she also learned to sew, which she would do for people around the county. She also","title":"Minnie Reinhardt"},{"id":"990116","text":"interest in art throughout her life, including embroidery of pictures with yarn, until arthritis made this pursuit too painful. Anna Mary Robertson was born in Greenwich, New York on September 7, 1860; she was the third of ten children born to Margaret Shanahan Robertson and Russell King Robertson. She was raised with four sisters and five brothers. Her father ran a flax mill and was a farmer. As a child, Moses attended a one-room school for a short period of time. That school is now the Bennington Museum in Vermont, which has the largest collection of her works in the","title":"Grandma Moses"},{"id":"1164716","text":"Hoosick Falls, New York Hoosick Falls is a village in Rensselaer County, New York, United States. The population was 3,501 at the 2010 census. During its peak around 1900, the village had a population of about 7,000. The Capital District Regional Planning Commission projects a further decline in population through 2010 and beyond. The village of Hoosick Falls is near the center of the town of Hoosick on NY 22. The village center is listed on the National Register of Historic Places as Hoosick Falls Historic District. Painter Grandma Moses is buried in the village. The site of the British","title":"Hoosick Falls, New York"},{"id":"990130","text":"was a member of the Society of Mayflower Descendants and Daughters of the American Revolution. Her 100th birthday was proclaimed \"Grandma Moses Day\" by New York Governor Nelson Rockefeller. \"LIFE\" magazine celebrated her birthday by featuring her on its September 19, 1960, cover. The children's book \"Grandma Moses Story Book\" was published in 1961. Grandma Moses died at age 101 on December 13, 1961 at the Health Center in Hoosick Falls, New York. She is buried there at the Maple Grove Cemetery. President John F. Kennedy memorialized her: \"The death of Grandma Moses removed a beloved figure from American life.","title":"Grandma Moses"},{"id":"3682930","text":"as Daisy \"Granny\" Moses, the mother-in-law of patriarch J.D. \"Jed\" Clampett in \"The Beverly Hillbillies\". The character was so named as an honour to the artist Anna Mary Robertson Moses, who had died aged 100 the previous year and only started her professional career as a painter in her latter years and was better known as Granny Moses. According to Filmways publicist Ted Switzer, series creator and producer Paul Henning had decided to cast Bea Benaderet as Granny. However, when Ryan read for the role, \"with her hair tied back in a bun and feisty as all get-out\", she just","title":"Irene Ryan"},{"id":"14307502","text":"Nan Phelps Nan Phelps (née Hinkle; August 25, 1904 – January 17, 1990), was an American folk artist from London, Kentucky. Phelps’ work has often been compared to the more famous Grandma Moses in both style and subject matter. Phelps was born in Lily, Laurel County, Kentucky, the second child of Baptist preacher John Hinkle and Lula Hinkle (née Weaver). Phelps paternal grandfather William Hinkle was of Dutch descent. At a very young age, Phelps demonstrated an unusual interest in nature. She spent countless hours studying rocks, flowers, plants, streams, clouds, and small animals. The gift of a nickel box","title":"Nan Phelps"},{"id":"990115","text":"wit, she could be sharp-tongued with a sycophant and stern with an errant grandchild.\" She was a live-in housekeeper for a total of 15 years, starting at 12 years of age. One of her employers noticed her appreciation for their prints made by Currier and Ives, and they supplied her with art materials to create drawings. Moses and her husband began their married life in Virginia, where they worked on farms. In 1905, they returned to the Northeastern United States and settled in Eagle Bridge, New York. The couple had ten children, five of whom survived infancy. She expressed an","title":"Grandma Moses"},{"id":"990113","text":"Grandma Moses Anna Mary Robertson Moses (September 7, 1860 – December 13, 1961), known by her nickname Grandma Moses, was an American folk artist. She began painting in earnest at the age of 78 and is often cited as an example of an individual who successfully began a career in the arts at an advanced age. Her works have been shown and sold in the United States and abroad and have been marketed on greeting cards and other merchandise. Moses' paintings are displayed in the collections of many museums. \"Sugaring Off\" was sold for US $1.2 million in 2006. Moses","title":"Grandma Moses"},{"id":"13553997","text":"the Wigwam. It was erected in March, 2018. Queena Stovall Queena Stovall (20 December 1887 – 27 June 1980) was an American folk artist sometimes called \"The Grandma Moses of Virginia.\" Born Emma Serena Dillard in Amherst County, Virginia, she married at age nineteen and lived on a farm. After her brother persuaded her to take an art class as nearby Randolph-Macon College in Lynchburg, Stoval began painting at age sixty-two, and her career as an artist lasted about two decades. She completed forty-seven paintings before her death, most depicting everyday events of both black and white people living in","title":"Queena Stovall"},{"id":"17985982","text":"American Red Cross and Defense Secretary during the Korean War. Grandma Moses was honored with a 6-cent stamp in 1969 among the American Folklore issue. Born in Greenwich, New York, she retired from Staunton, Virginia farm work in her seventies and began painting. She and her husband spent much of their lives in the Shenandoah Valley. A self-taught artist, discovered in 1939 she produced over 1,500 paintings, including several after her 100th birthday. Her work features rural landscapes with traditional activities evoking simpler times. The stamp is a detail from her \"Fourth of July\" completed in 1951 when she was","title":"History of Virginia on stamps"},{"id":"13553994","text":"Queena Stovall Queena Stovall (20 December 1887 – 27 June 1980) was an American folk artist sometimes called \"The Grandma Moses of Virginia.\" Born Emma Serena Dillard in Amherst County, Virginia, she married at age nineteen and lived on a farm. After her brother persuaded her to take an art class as nearby Randolph-Macon College in Lynchburg, Stoval began painting at age sixty-two, and her career as an artist lasted about two decades. She completed forty-seven paintings before her death, most depicting everyday events of both black and white people living in her native Amherst County. During her lifetime, Stovall","title":"Queena Stovall"},{"id":"20377307","text":"During the 1940s, when works by the Austrian masters were almost impossible to sell, Kallir achieved a major success with the \"discovery\" of the self-taught octogenarian painter Anna Mary Robertson Moses. Known worldwide as \"Grandma\" Moses, she was one of the most famous artists of the Cold-War years, and the most successful female painter of her time. Kallir's approach relied heavily on cooperation with museums and scholarship. In 1960, he collaborated with Thomas Messer to organize the first American museum exhibition of Schiele's work. It opened at Boston's Institute of Contemporary Art (of which Messer was then director) and traveled","title":"Otto Kallir"},{"id":"1997643","text":"have been made of her dramatized short stories as many readers expect them to be historically accurate. Carr's life itself made her a \"Canadian icon\", according to the \"Canadian Encyclopedia\". As well as being \"an artist of stunning originality and strength\", she was an exceptionally late bloomer, starting the work for which she is best known at the age of 57 (see Grandma Moses). Carr was also an artist who succeeded against the odds, living in an artistically unadventurous society, and working mostly in seclusion away from major art centers, thus making her \"a darling of the women's movement\" (see","title":"Emily Carr"},{"id":"18499457","text":"Ethel Wright Mohamed Ethel Wright Mohamed (October 13, 1906 – February 15, 1992) was an American artist, best known for her embroidered scenes of country life. She is sometimes compared to \"Grandma Moses,\" both for her folk art style of illustration and her late start as an artist. Ethel Lee Wright was born on a farm in Webster County, Mississippi, the eldest child of Elijah Wright and Nina Bell Ramsay Wright. She learned to embroider as a child, from her mother. As a teenager she worked at a bakery in Shaw, Mississippi. Ethel Wright Mohamed returned to embroidery after she","title":"Ethel Wright Mohamed"},{"id":"17334742","text":"Mount Airy (Verona, Virginia) Mount Airy, also known as the Grandma Moses House and Major James Crawford House, is a historic home located at Verona, Augusta County, Virginia. It was built about 1840, and is a two-story, five-bay, single-pile brick I-house. It has a rear 1 1/2-story, brick ell addition with porch built about 1850. Also on the property are a contributing washhouse (c. 1900), shed (c. 1900), and wagon house (c. 1921). The American artist Grandma Moses (1860–1961) and her husband Thomas Solomon Moses owned the house from January 1901 to September 1902. It was the first house they","title":"Mount Airy (Verona, Virginia)"},{"id":"14307504","text":"talent show in 1940, Phelps won a scholarship to attend the Art Academy of Cincinnati. In the 1950s Phelps traveled to New York City with a sample of her work in order to increase her exposure in the art world. During this visit, Phelps’ work gained the attention of Otto Kallir, the founder of the Galerie St. Etienne. Kallir is most widely known for discovering Grandma Moses and promoting her work. This began a long relationship between Phelps and the Galerie St. Etienne that continues today, through the children of Phelps and current Galerie St. Etienne directors Hildegard Bachert and","title":"Nan Phelps"},{"id":"14765020","text":"and small works that she exchanged with Robert Watts, George Brecht, Ad Reinhardt, Leonard Cohen, Arman, and many others. When her marriage dissolved, she moved to New York City in the spring of 1966, aged 61, taking up residence first in the Chelsea Hotel and then in a studio next door, where she threw legendary soirées and became known as the \"Grandma Moses of the Underground\". By the time she arrived, Wilson was already working with photomontage techniques. Encouraged by Johnson, who had sent her magazines through the mail, she scissored patterns into images of pin-up girls and muscle men","title":"May Wilson"},{"id":"14307510","text":"that ranged in size from 1” by 1” miniatures to 6’ by 17’ murals. Additionally, Phelps would paint not only upon canvas but also on natural objects such as seashells and rocks. Phelps works continue to be displayed in galleries, churches, museums, embassies, and private residences throughout the world. Nan Phelps Nan Phelps (née Hinkle; August 25, 1904 – January 17, 1990), was an American folk artist from London, Kentucky. Phelps’ work has often been compared to the more famous Grandma Moses in both style and subject matter. Phelps was born in Lily, Laurel County, Kentucky, the second child of","title":"Nan Phelps"},{"id":"14881700","text":"painter Anna Mary Robertson Moses, better known as Grandma Moses. It is also known as \"Movement II\" of the Suite. A tune highlighted by flute, oboe and horn, it renders itself to both youth and age. First copyright on April 1, 1952 and renewed on January 4, 1980. \"Grandma Moses Suite\" has been released on CD by DRG Records. \"Jamie\" has never been available on home media. Of the pilot and 22 episodes of \"Jamie\" broadcast live, at least some are known to have survived on film by the Kinescope process. Videotape was not introduced until 1956. The pilot of","title":"Jamie (TV series)"},{"id":"990120","text":"moved to a farm in Eagle Bridge, New York at her husband's urging. When Thomas Moses was about 67 years of age in 1927, he died of a heart attack, after which Anna's son Forrest helped her operate the farm. Anna Moses never married again. She retired and moved to a daughter's home in 1936. Anna Mary was known as either \"Mother Moses\" or \"Grandma Moses,\" and although she first exhibited as \"Mrs. Moses,\" the press dubbed her \"Grandma Moses,\" and the nickname stuck. As a young wife and mother, Moses was creative in her home; for example, in 1918","title":"Grandma Moses"},{"id":"10939812","text":"features in the tradition of memory painting. He painted over 400 landscapes, of which a large number reside at The Mennello Museum of American Art in Orlando, FL. His childlike style is typical of folk art, which embraces art from artists that have little or no formal training and use techniques uniquely their own. Cunningham was familiar with Grandma Moses and even gained the nickname “Grandpa Moses”. His landscapes offer flattened forms shown in profile and human images resembling doll-like figures. He was not a good painter of human figures, but could draw animals a bit better. In fact, Cunningham","title":"Earl Cunningham"},{"id":"5273715","text":"music with grants to composers. Hill also founded the Camargo Foundation in 1967, which administers an artists residency in Cassis, France. Jerome Hill Jerome Hill (March 2, 1905 – November 21, 1972) was an American filmmaker and artist. He was educated at Yale, where he drew covers, caricatures and cartoons for campus humor magazine \"The Yale Record\". His 1950 documentary \"Grandma Moses\", written and narrated by Archibald MacLeish, was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Short Subject, Two-reel. He won the 1957 Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature for his film \"Albert Schweitzer\". In addition to making films, he","title":"Jerome Hill"},{"id":"990131","text":"The directness and vividness of her paintings restored a primitive freshness to our perception of the American scene. Both her work and her life helped our nation renew its pioneer heritage and recall its roots in the countryside and on the frontier. All Americans mourn her loss.\" After her death, her work was exhibited in several large traveling exhibitions in the United States and abroad. Some of the public collections of her work are: Some of her works are: Grandma Moses Anna Mary Robertson Moses (September 7, 1860 – December 13, 1961), known by her nickname Grandma Moses, was an","title":"Grandma Moses"},{"id":"17334743","text":"owned in their married lives. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2012. Mount Airy (Verona, Virginia) Mount Airy, also known as the Grandma Moses House and Major James Crawford House, is a historic home located at Verona, Augusta County, Virginia. It was built about 1840, and is a two-story, five-bay, single-pile brick I-house. It has a rear 1 1/2-story, brick ell addition with porch built about 1850. Also on the property are a contributing washhouse (c. 1900), shed (c. 1900), and wagon house (c. 1921). The American artist Grandma Moses (1860–1961) and her husband Thomas","title":"Mount Airy (Verona, Virginia)"},{"id":"5273713","text":"Jerome Hill Jerome Hill (March 2, 1905 – November 21, 1972) was an American filmmaker and artist. He was educated at Yale, where he drew covers, caricatures and cartoons for campus humor magazine \"The Yale Record\". His 1950 documentary \"Grandma Moses\", written and narrated by Archibald MacLeish, was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Short Subject, Two-reel. He won the 1957 Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature for his film \"Albert Schweitzer\". In addition to making films, he was a painter and composer. His last film, the autobiographical \"Film Portrait\" (1973), was added to the National Film Registry in","title":"Jerome Hill"},{"id":"20377289","text":"such as the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, the Museum of Modern Art, and the Minneapolis Institute of Arts, Kallir and the Galerie St. Etienne established a place in the American eye for Austrian and German expressionism. The Galerie St. Etienne began representing the work of American folk artists as it attempted to capture the identity of its newfound homeland. In 1940, the Galerie St. Etienne hosted the first one-woman exhibition of the work of Anna Mary Robertson (“Grandma”) Moses. . The gallery gained the exclusive representation of Grandma Moses, who became one of the most renowned American artists of the","title":"Galerie St. Etienne"},{"id":"17213753","text":"prominent 20th century painter Henri Matisse, Sophie's great-grandfather. Henri Matisse died in 1954, aged 85, eleven years before Sophie's birth. Family members expressed concern as to Sophie's use of the \"Matisse\" name, and in her youth she was discouraged from admitting to be a descendent of her famous great-grandfather. Only by incidentally noticing her family name on museum walls did Sophie come to consider that her great-grandfather may have been someone \"exceptional.\" Sophie Matisse's step-grandfather was the artist Marcel Duchamp, who famously reinterpreted Leonardo da Vinci's \"Mona Lisa\" in his \"L.H.O.O.Q.\" by adding a mustache. Duchamp married Sophie's grandmother Alexina","title":"Sophie Matisse"},{"id":"990121","text":"she used housepaint to decorate a fireboard. Beginning in 1932, Moses made embroidered pictures of yarn for friends and family. She also created beautiful quilted objects, a form of \"hobby art\" as defined by Lucy R. Lippard. By the age of 76, Moses had developed arthritis, which made embroidery painful. Her sister Celestia suggested that painting would be easier for her, and this idea spurred Moses's painting career in her late 70s. When her right hand began to hurt, she switched to her left hand. What appeared to be an interest in painting at a late age was actually a","title":"Grandma Moses"},{"id":"6341056","text":"used for untrained artists so fits those who start late in life without artistic training. Hence the classic late bloomer is Grandma Moses whose painting career began in her seventies after abandoning a career in embroidery because of arthritis. An even older example is Bill Traylor who started drawing at age 83. Another painter who started late in life is Alfred Wallis, who began painting after his wife's death in his 60s. Mary Delany produced her \"paper mosaiks [sic]\" from the age of 71 to 88. Then there is Carmen Herrera, who did have artistic training, but who sold her","title":"Late bloomer"},{"id":"7335488","text":"frequent poster to Instagram, where, , she has more than 960,000 followers. Her Instagram posts frequently include photographs of her with friends or with other people known mostly for having famous parents or grandparents, including Kyra Kennedy, granddaughter of Robert F. Kennedy; Gaïa Jacquet-Matisse, great-great-granddaughter of artist Henri Matisse; and EJ Johnson, son of Magic Johnson. The group, whose posed photos are edited by Andrew Warren, has been named the \"rich kids of Instagram\" by the \"New York Post\" and the \"Snap Pack\" by \"The New York Times\" and \"New York\" magazine. Tiffany Trump Tiffany Ariana Trump (born October 13,","title":"Tiffany Trump"},{"id":"20611913","text":"1910 in Kodoc, Poland. She came to Montreal in 1919. Rosenfield later had two children: a daughter and a son. After she turned 45 and her children were older, she began studying sculpting at the École des Beaux-Arts. Joking about her late start in life as a sculptor, Rosenfield's husband liked to call her \"Montreal's Grandma Moses\". Her teachers included Quebec sculptors Armand Filion, Sylvia Daoust and Louis Archambault. Rosenfield was one of the founding members of the Quebec Sculptors' Association in 1962. Although she sometimes worked in wood and bronze, Rosenfield primarily worked in stone, including limestone from Indiana","title":"Ethel Rosenfield"},{"id":"10923603","text":"character Ellery Queen or even mention his name, but not the last. There are many similarities between the character of Aunt Fanny Adams and the real-life naturalist painter Grandma Moses. The Glass Village The Glass Village is a novel that was published in 1954 by Ellery Queen. It is a mystery novel set in the imaginary New England town of Shinn Corners, United States. Aunt Fanny Adams, famed artist, is the most notable citizen of the tiny New England town of Shinn Corners. A noted proponent of the naturalist school (\"I paint what I see\") who only began painting at","title":"The Glass Village"},{"id":"990119","text":"Moses lived is still standing (2018), rather badly eroded. Shenandoah Valley Rural Heritage Foundation ential subdivision within corporate Staunton, Virginia. Mount Nebo is the farm on which she made and sold potato chips. The Mount Airy Farm House in which the Moses family lived still stands (2018) To supplement the family income, Anna made potato chips and churned butter from the milk of a cow that she purchased with her savings. Later, the couple bought a farm. Five of the ten children born to them survived infancy. Although she loved living in the Shenandoah Valley, in 1905 Anna and Robert","title":"Grandma Moses"},{"id":"990122","text":"manifestation of a childhood dream. With no time in her difficult farm-life to pursue painting, she was obliged to set aside her passion to paint. At age 92 she wrote, \"I was quite small, my father would get me and my brothers white paper by the sheet. he liked to see us draw pictures, it was a penny a sheet and lasted longer than candy.\" It was her father's encouragement that fed her passion to paint and this dream was able to manifest later in her life. Moses painted scenes of rural life from earlier days, which she called \"old-timey\"","title":"Grandma Moses"},{"id":"11643478","text":"\"Entertainment\" or billed \"The Pier\" on 31 January 2001 which starred Miriam Margolyes as Grandmama. Magic Grandad Magic Grandad was an educational programme which originally aired on the BBC Two Schools section Watch during 1995. The show saw Magic Grandad, played by Geoffrey Bayldon, take his young grandchildren, played by Kristy Bruce and James Moreno, back in time to see historical events and people such as the Great Fire of London or Florence Nightingale. Cheryl Hall also starred in the show as the children's mother. The programme was said to make learning about history \"fun for youngsters\" and was aimed","title":"Magic Grandad"},{"id":"16020476","text":"My Little Princess My Little Princess is a 2011 French-Romanian drama film directed by Eva Ionesco and inspired by her relationship with her mother, the well-known artistic photographer Irina Ionesco whose pictures of her young daughter caused controversy when they were published back in the 1970s. The film illustrates a situation which at first glance seems to be a paradox: whilst revealing more and more of her daughter to the public the mother seems to get increasingly estranged from her and vice versa. Violetta is raised by her grandmother (\"Mamie\", the French equivalent of \"Grandma\"). Her mother Hanna tries to","title":"My Little Princess"},{"id":"3682934","text":"outstanding student performers wishing to pursue further education.\" These scholarships have been awarded by the Irene Ryan Foundation since 1972. Irene Ryan Irene Ryan (born Jessie Irene Noblitt; October 17, 1902 – April 26, 1973) was an American actress who found success in vaudeville, radio, film, television, and Broadway. Ryan is most widely known for her portrayal of Daisy May \"Granny\" Moses, the mother-in-law of Buddy Ebsen's character, on the long-running TV series \"The Beverly Hillbillies\" (1962–1971), for which she was nominated for Emmy Awards for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series in 1963 and 1964. Ryan was born","title":"Irene Ryan"},{"id":"3682924","text":"Irene Ryan Irene Ryan (born Jessie Irene Noblitt; October 17, 1902 – April 26, 1973) was an American actress who found success in vaudeville, radio, film, television, and Broadway. Ryan is most widely known for her portrayal of Daisy May \"Granny\" Moses, the mother-in-law of Buddy Ebsen's character, on the long-running TV series \"The Beverly Hillbillies\" (1962–1971), for which she was nominated for Emmy Awards for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series in 1963 and 1964. Ryan was born Jessie Irene Noblitt on October 17, 1902, in El Paso, Texas. She was the second child and last daughter born","title":"Irene Ryan"},{"id":"20558756","text":"one-man show at the Associated American Artists gallery in New York. Reeves Lewenthal, director of the gallery, said that it was the first time in the gallery’s history that the works of an untutored artist had qualified for such a show. Said Lewenthal, \"[Courlander] is a fantastic primitive who paints completely from memory. He has an inventive spirit uniquely his own. He is on the same level as Grandma Moses. He is definitely a rare find in the art world.\" In fact, Courlander was affectionately dubbed \"Grandpa Moses\" by the Detroit press; other times he was referred to as \"Grandpa","title":"David Courlander"},{"id":"20739348","text":"work of Egon Schiele. Bachert and Kallir also maintain the Grandma Moses archives assembled by Otto Kallir in connection with the Grandma Moses catalogue raisonné. In 1999, Bachert was awarded the Cross of Merit, First Class for outstanding achievement towards rebuilding the Federal Republic of Germany. Bachert recently celebrated her 75th year of work at the Galerie St. Etienne, where she still shares directorial responsibilities with Kallir. “Collecting the Art of Käthe Kollwitz,” in Elizabeth Prelinger, ed., Käthe Kollwitz (Washington D.C. and New Haven: Yale University Press, 1992). Hildegard Bachert Hildegard Bachert (born April 3, 1921) is a German-born American","title":"Hildegard Bachert"},{"id":"19857048","text":"Florian Picasso Florian Ruiz-Picasso (born 21 February 1990), better known as Florian Picasso, is a Vietnamese-French DJ and record producer based in Cannes. He is a great-grandson of the well-known artist, Pablo Picasso. He gained recognition for collaborations with Martin Garrix and Steve Aoki. In 2016, he was ranked by DJ Mag at 38th on their annual list of Top 100 DJs. Picasso was born in Vietnam and was adopted by Marina Picasso, a granddaughter of the famous artist, Pablo Picasso. He was gladdened when Kanye West named his album, The Life of Pablo after his great-grandfather. He started making","title":"Florian Picasso"},{"id":"990123","text":"New England landscapes. Moses said that she would \"get an inspiration and start painting; then I'll forget everything, everything except how things used to be and how to paint it so people will know how we used to live.\" From her works of art, she omitted features of modern life, such as tractors and telephone poles. Her early style is less individual and more realistic or primitive, despite her lack of knowledge of, or perhaps rejection of, basic perspective. Initially she created simple compositions or copied existing images. As her career advanced she created complicated, panoramic compositions of rural life.","title":"Grandma Moses"},{"id":"20739346","text":"Nierendorf, Otto Kallir hired her to work as his secretary at the Galerie St. Etienne. Bachert was instrumental in cultivating the gallery’s relationship with Grandma Moses, the most famous of the American folk artists represented by the Galerie St. Etienne. She collaborated with Moses by taking dictation for, ‘‘My Life’s History,’’ the artist’s autobiography. Additionally, she specializes in the work of Käthe Kollwitz, a perennial staple at the gallery. When Otto Kallir passed away in 1978, Bachert assumed the role of co-director with Jane Kallir, Kallir’s granddaughter. Bachert and Kallir found many ways to make the historical material the Galerie","title":"Hildegard Bachert"},{"id":"16066347","text":"is interred at the Laredo Catholic Cemetery. Her papers and archives are in the collection of the University of Texas at Austin, held within the university library's Benson Latin American Collection. In 2015, Laredo LULAC named Montemayor winner of the \"Conscience Builder\" designation. Her son, Aurelio Montemayor, an educator in San Antonio, received the award on his mother's behalf. He referred to his mother as \"a very independent woman ... a very strong social worker ... involved in leadership of youth groups.\" In her painting, she was described as the \"Chicano Grandma Moses\". A prolific writer, Montemayor wrote more articles","title":"Alicia Dickerson Montemayor"},{"id":"990128","text":"cameras. In 1950, the National Press Club cited her as one of the five most newsworthy women and the National Association of House Dress Manufacturers honored her as their 1951 Woman of the Year. At age 88, \"Mademoiselle\" magazine named Grandma Moses a \"Young Woman of the Year.\" She was awarded two honorary doctoral degrees. The first was bestowed in 1949 from Russell Sage College and the second two years later from the Moore College of Art and Design. President Harry S. Truman presented her with the Women's National Press Club trophy Award for outstanding accomplishment in art in 1949.","title":"Grandma Moses"},{"id":"99775","text":"me as a kid because she was so kind and nurturing.\" Her godfather is director Steven Spielberg. Her first name, Drew, was the maiden name of her paternal great-grandmother, Georgie Drew, and her middle name, Blythe, was the surname of the family first used by her great-grandfather, Maurice Barrymore. Barrymore recounted in her 1991 autobiography, \"Little Girl Lost\", early memories of her abusive father, who left the family when Barrymore was 6 months old. They never had anything resembling a significant relationship and seldom spoke to each other. Barrymore grew up on Poinsettia Place in West Hollywood until the age","title":"Drew Barrymore"},{"id":"6894948","text":"describe its wide ranging activities, the organization applied to amend its charter and change its corporate name in 2017. As such, the New York State Board of Regents approved the updated charter on March 10 of 2017, formally changing the organization's name from New York State Historical Association to Fenimore Art Museum. The fine art and folk art collections were largely assembled by Stephen C. Clark and include works by Gilbert Stuart, Thomas Cole, William Sidney Mount, Benjamin West, Grandma Moses, Ralph Fasanella, and Lavern Kelley. Clare and Eugene Thaw donated their collection of indigenous American art to the Fenimore","title":"Fenimore Art Museum"},{"id":"14732384","text":"the Symphony of the Musical Arts. He was also named a board member of the Manchester Music Festival. Fausett died in 1998. Dean Fausett William Dean Fausett (July 4, 1913 – December 13, 1998) was an American painter. His career spanned over six decades. He painted notable figures like Dwight D. Eisenhower, Ronald Reagan, the Duke and Duchess of Windsor, Grandma Moses, Ezra Taft Benson, and Sir Alexander Fleming. His brother Lynn Fausett was also a painter. Fausett also purchased the historic house of Cephas Kent, Jr. in Dorset, Vermont and was instrumental in it the forming of the Kent","title":"Dean Fausett"},{"id":"5917630","text":"godparents. She is the youngest of five children of Lt.-Col. Harold Pedro Joseph Phillips (1909–1980) and his wife, Georgina Wernher (1919–2011). Her eldest sister is Her Grace Sacha, Duchess of Abercorn, and another sister is Marita Crawley, who wrote the libretto for the opera \"The Poet and the Tsar\" about their great-great-great-grandfathers, Alexander Pushkin and Emperor Nicholas I of Russia. Natalia is one of three godmothers to Prince William, Duke of Cambridge. Her family have long been close to the British Royal Family, being distantly related to both Elizabeth II and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh. They are also descendants,","title":"Natalia Grosvenor, Duchess of Westminster"},{"id":"19379537","text":"Clara McDonald Williamson Clara McDonald Williamson (November 20, 1875 – February 17, 1976) was a 20th century American painter who worked in the tradition of naïve art. Her subjects were genre scenes of life in the American West, especially her home state of Texas. Like Grandma Moses, she started painting late in life and she achieved a national reputation despite the fact that her career lasted only two decades. McDonald was born November 20, 1875, in Iredell, Texas, the second of six children of Mary Lasswell McDonald and Thomas McDonald. She had only intermittent formal education and little art training.","title":"Clara McDonald Williamson"},{"id":"990125","text":"their meaning. The unrest and the neurotic insecurity of the present day make us inclined to enjoy the simple and affirmative outlook of Grandma Moses.\" During a visit to Hoosick Falls in 1938, Louis J. Caldor, an art collector who worked as an engineer in the state of New York, discovered paintings made by Moses in the window of a drug store. He bought their supply and ten more from her Eagle Bridge house for $3 or $5 each. The next year, three Grandma Moses paintings were included in New York's Museum of Modern Art exhibition entitled \"Contemporary Unknown American","title":"Grandma Moses"},{"id":"4523918","text":"Armstrong, who would have been 86 when \"What a Wonderful World\" became a hit in 1988, is the oldest overall, although Armstrong was younger than Mabley when the record was made). Mabley had six children: Bonnie, Christine, Charles, and Yvonne Ailey, and two given up for adoption when she was a teenager. She died from heart failure in White Plains, New York on May 23, 1975. She is interred at Ferncliff Cemetery, Hartsdale, New York. Mabley was the inspiration for the character of Grandma Klump in \"The Nutty Professor\". She is the subject of \"Whoopi Goldberg Presents Moms Mabley\", a","title":"Moms Mabley"},{"id":"20377311","text":"York. • 1968: Silbernes Ehrenzeichen für Verdienste um das Land Wien Otto Kallir, Egon Schiele: oeuvre catalogue of the paintings (Crown Publishers, New York: 1966). Otto Kallir. Egon Schiele; The Graphic Work (Crown, New York: 1970). Otto Kallir, Grandma Moses (Abrams: New York: 1973). Otto Kallir, Richard Gerstl (1883-1908): Beitrāge zur Dokumentation seines Lebens und Werkes (Counsel Press: New York, 1974). Jane Kallir, Saved From Europe (Galerie St. Etienne, New York: 1999). Jane Kallir, Austria's Expressionism (Rizzoli, New York: 1981). \"Otto Kallir: Ein Wegbereiter Österreichischer Kunst\" (exhibition catalogue with texts by Hans Bisanz, Jane Kallir and Vita Maria Künstler; Historisches","title":"Otto Kallir"},{"id":"990114","text":"appeared on magazine covers, television, and in a documentary of her life. She wrote an autobiography (\"My Life's History\"), won numerous awards, and was awarded two honorary doctoral degrees. The \"New York Times\" said of her: \"The simple realism, nostalgic atmosphere and luminous color with which Grandma Moses portrayed simple farm life and rural countryside won her a wide following. She was able to capture the excitement of winter's first snow, Thanksgiving preparations and the new, young green of oncoming spring... In person, Grandma Moses charmed wherever she went. A tiny, lively woman with mischievous gray eyes and a quick","title":"Grandma Moses"},{"id":"16345863","text":"she attended Illinois State Normal University in Normal, and also ran a day care business in Carnation, Washington for 25 years. The children of Carnation that she cared for affectionately referred to her as \"Grandma Rose\". She is part of \"Women in Baseball\", a permanent display based at the Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum in Cooperstown, New York, which was unveiled in 1988 to honor the entire All-American Girls Professional Baseball League. Though she did not attend the ceremony, she traveled to Cooperstown to see her name in the hall. \"That was the biggest thrill of my life\", she","title":"Rose Folder"},{"id":"5721593","text":"Fantin-Latour, Helen Frankenthaler, Bartolo di Fredi, Paul Gauguin, Vincent van Gogh, Jan van Goyen, Francesco Granacci, Childe Hassam, Hans Hofmann, Pieter de Hooch, Adélaïde Labille-Guiard, Philip Guston, William Harnett, George Inness, Alex Katz, Paul Klee, Nicolas de Largillière, Sir Thomas Lawrence, Fernand Léger, Morris Louis, Maximilien Luce, Alessandro Magnasco, Robert Mangold, the Master of 1518, Henri Matisse, Pierre Mignard, Amedeo Modigliani, Claude Monet, Thomas Moran, Giovanni Battista Moroni, Grandma Moses, Robert Motherwell, Alice Neel, Kenneth Noland, Georgia O'Keeffe, Amédée Ozenfant, Charles Willson Peale, James Peale, Pablo Picasso, Camille Pissarro, Fairfield Porter, Robert Priseman, Robert Rauschenberg, Odilon Redon, Diego Rivera, George","title":"Honolulu Museum of Art"},{"id":"384398","text":"for having been the home to two of England's best regarded painters, Thomas Gainsborough and John Constable – the Stour Valley area is branded as \"Constable Country\" – and one of its most noted composers, Benjamin Britten. Other artists of note from Suffolk include the cartoonist Carl Giles (a bronze statue of his character \"Grandma\" to commemorate this is located in Ipswich town centre), poets George Crabbe and Robert Bloomfield, writer and Literary editor Ronald Blythe, actors Ralph Fiennes and Bob Hoskins, actress and singer Kerry Ellis, musician and record producer Brian Eno, singer Dani Filth, of the Suffolk-based extreme","title":"Suffolk"},{"id":"19089874","text":"drawings or sketches: ninety percent of his creations are shaped in less than one hour. The memories of his childhood, mostly spent in Africa, represent his main source of inspiration: the artist recreates that to which he has been a witness while leaving space for improvisation to bring us the Bigfoot Family Project. A Bigfoot Family is born: Babyfoot, Bigfoot, Ladyfoot, Grandpafoot, Grandmafoot, Longfoot, Coolfoot, Le Siffleur and La Nena are among the team members. Each one possesses his own characteristic while still keeping a common familiar symbolism: these big feet, which represent our roots, and our attachment to the","title":"Idan Zareski"},{"id":"14732375","text":"Dean Fausett William Dean Fausett (July 4, 1913 – December 13, 1998) was an American painter. His career spanned over six decades. He painted notable figures like Dwight D. Eisenhower, Ronald Reagan, the Duke and Duchess of Windsor, Grandma Moses, Ezra Taft Benson, and Sir Alexander Fleming. His brother Lynn Fausett was also a painter. Fausett also purchased the historic house of Cephas Kent, Jr. in Dorset, Vermont and was instrumental in it the forming of the Kent Neighborhood Historic District. Dean Fausett was born in Price, Utah, in 1913. His parents were George A. Fausett and Helen Josephine Bryner","title":"Dean Fausett"},{"id":"3389898","text":"genetic overlap. A step-grandparent can be the step-parent of the parent or the step-parent's parent or the step-parent's step-parent (though technically this might be called a step-step-grandparent). The various words for grandparents at times may also be used to refer to any elderly person, especially the terms \"gramps\", \"granny\", \"grandfather\", \"grandmother\", \"nan\", \"maw-maw\", \"paw-paw\" and others which families make up themselves. When used as a noun (e.g., \"... a grandparent walked by\"), grandfather and grandmother are usually used, although forms such as grandma/grandpa, granny/granddaddy or even nan/pop are sometimes used. When preceded by \"my ...\" (e.g., \"... my grandpa walked","title":"Grandparent"},{"id":"566424","text":"Horizons\" (1955) alongside Fred MacMurray. He tried a comedy \"The Private War of Major Benson\" (1955) at Universal, then supported Jane Wyman in a drama \"Lucy Gallant\" (1955). Heston became an icon for playing Moses in the hugely successful biblical epic \"The Ten Commandments\" (1956), selected by director Cecil B. DeMille, who thought Heston bore an uncanny resemblance to Michelangelo's statue of Moses. DeMille cast Heston's three-month-old son, Fraser Clarke Heston, as the infant Moses. \"The Ten Commandments\" became one of the greatest box office successes of all time and is the seventh highest-grossing film adjusted for inflation. His portrayal","title":"Charlton Heston"},{"id":"14441019","text":"Grandma Tracy Grandma Tracy is a fictional character in the television series \"Thunderbirds\". She was voiced by Christine Finn. Little is known about Grandma Tracy's past, and her real name is never mentioned on screen with all the characters, even sometimes her son Jeff, calling her \"Grandma\". As a young girl, her grandmother took her round London and she travelled on the London Underground, a fact that would prove useful later for International Rescue (\"Vault Of Death\"). She was married to a Kansas wheat farmer but was widowed some time before International Rescue begun and helped Jeff bring up his","title":"Grandma Tracy"},{"id":"20007313","text":"Gaïa Jacquet-Matisse Gaïa Jacquet-Matisse (born April 12, 1993) is a French-born American socialite and actress, best known as the great-great-granddaughter of French painter Henri Matisse. Gaïa Jacquet-Matisse was born in Neuilly-sur-Seine, France. She is the daughter of American contemporary artist Sophie Matisse and French pop artist Alain Jacquet. She is the granddaughter of artist Paul Matisse, step great-granddaughter of artist Marcel Duchamp, and great-granddaughter of artist Pierre Matisse and Alexina Duchamp. Matisse attended Eleanor Roosevelt High School on the Upper East Side in Manhattan. After her father died from esophageal cancer when she was fifteen years old, Matisse took to","title":"Gaïa Jacquet-Matisse"},{"id":"1382346","text":"Convert the ahnentafel number from decimal to binary. 2. Replace the leftmost \"1\" with the subject's name and replace each following \"0\" and \"1\" with \"father\" and \"mother\" respectively. The generation number can be calculated as the logarithm to base 2 of the ahnentafel number, and rounding down to a full integer by truncating decimal digits. For example, the number 38 is between 2=32 and 2=64, so log(38) is between 5 and 6. This means that ancestor no.38 belongs to generation five, and was a great-great-great-grandparent of the reference person who is no.1 (generation zero). The example, shown below, is","title":"Ahnentafel"},{"id":"15718091","text":"was named for Nils Ebbessøn Astrup, who was a maternal grandson of Thomas Fearnley (1841–1927). The museum created a stir in the international art world in 2002 when it purchased the American artist Jeff Koons's monumental sculpture in gilt porcelain of the pop star Michael Jackson with Bubbles, his favorite chimpanzee, for US$5.1 million. The permanent collection consists of works of Norwegian and International Contemporary Art. The museum collection was originally based on a private collection that goes back thirty years, and has significantly developed with the many changes in modern/contemporary art. There has been an interest in German Abstract","title":"Astrup Fearnley Museum of Modern Art"},{"id":"18865757","text":"colors and landscapes remind many of American primitives.\" His work went on to receive international acclaim, most notably from his home country of Sweden. In his syndicated column, Mel Heimer quoted Ms. Dwyer describing him as \"a sort of younger Grandma Moses.\" His work was also collected by Jacqueline Kennedy and Lady Bird Johnson for the White House. He died in April 1971. \"His work remains, and the beauty he has left behind is immeasurable.\" Andy Johnson (artist) Andy Johnson (born Anders Johannson, 1893 in Hyssma, Sweden - 1971) was a Swedish-American painter. He started painting at age 64 in","title":"Andy Johnson (artist)"},{"id":"18033608","text":"poetry. She has been called the Grandma Moses of Sranan. In 1987 she was awarded the Knight of the Order of the Yellow Star. Erwin de Vries, the Surinam sculptor in Paramaribo, made a bronze bust commissioned by the National Women's Movement, de Nationale Vrouwen Beweging (NVB) for the commemoration of the poet's one hundredth birthday. In 1963 Johanna published her first poetry book called \"Tide ete\" \"(Done Today/ Vandaag nog\"). In 1965 her second book was published: \"Awese\" (Healing Spirit). An Awese is a healing spirit in W\"inti\", the Afro-Surinam religion. Both books are \"milestones in the emancipation of","title":"Johanna Schouten-Elsenhout"},{"id":"6206863","text":"Caroll.\" Lee died a few days later. In an interview a few years later, Loretta Long, who played Susan, said of the episode's legacy: \"People come up to us and say 'Thank you. Now we can explain what happened to Grandma, what happened to Grandpa.'\" Lee died from a heart attack at Lenox Hill Hospital in New York City on December 7, 1982 at the age of 74. Lee was never married and had no children and according to his obituary he was survived by his sister Sophie Lee Lubov who lived in Florida. The Sesame Street episode, \"Farewell, Mr.","title":"Will Lee"},{"id":"15631382","text":"a polka-dot dress\". Lucy Raverat Lucy Raverat (née Pryor, born 1948) is the professional name used by Lucy Ethne Rawlinson, a British painter. Born in Cambridge, Lucy Raverat is the daughter of Mark Gillachrist Marlborough Pryor, Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge, and Sophie (née Raverat), daughter of the artists Jacques Raverat and his wife Gwen (née Darwin). Through her maternal grandmother she is a great-great-granddaughter of the naturalist Charles Darwin. Her elder brother is William Pryor, a writer and entrepreneur. In 1968 she married Francis Rawlinson. She was interested in art through her youth, and in the 1960s she attended","title":"Lucy Raverat"},{"id":"5544977","text":"own until 2004 when his legs weakened and he found it almost impossible to walk. He was placed in a rest home, but was still able to feed himself and pass the days watching \"The Oprah Winfrey Show\" and \"The Price Is Right\". At the time of his death, he was the oldest United States combat veteran ever, the oldest male ever recorded in Mississippi and had outlived at least three of his eight children. It was reported that he had several dozen grandchildren and great-grandchildren. He was also ranked as the sixth-oldest living verified person in the world, the","title":"Moses Hardy"},{"id":"53493","text":"Albert Museum archive. The book \"The Tale of Kitty-in-Boots\", with illustrations by Quentin Blake, was published 1 September 2016, to mark the 150th anniversary of Potter's birth. In 2017, \"The Art of Beatrix Potter: Sketches, Paintings, and Illustrations\" by Emily Zach was published after San Francisco publisher Chronicle Books decided to mark the 150th anniversary of Beatrix Potter's birth by showing that she was \"far more than a 19th-century weekend painter. She was an artist of astonishing range.\" In December 2017, the asteroid 13975 Beatrixpotter, discovered by Belgian astronomer Eric Elst in 1992, was named in her memory. There are","title":"Beatrix Potter"},{"id":"13326218","text":"Moses and Fromet Mendelssohn: Children of Abraham Mendelssohn Bartholdy: Mendelssohn family The Mendelssohn family are the descendants of the German Jewish philosopher Moses Mendelssohn, and include his grandson, the composer Felix Mendelssohn and his granddaughter, the composer Fanny Mendelssohn. Moses Mendelssohn was a significant figure in the Age of Enlightenment in Germany. Mendelssohn had ten children, of whom six lived to adulthood. Of those six children, only Recha and Joseph retained the Jewish faith. Abraham Mendelssohn, because of his conversion to Christianity, adopted the surname Bartholdy at the suggestion of his wife's brother, Jakob Salomon Bartholdy, who had adopted the","title":"Mendelssohn family"},{"id":"7774312","text":"one of the most well-known self-taught artists, often referred to as the black Grandma Moses. Painting from memory, she is credited as an important social and cultural historian for her documentation of plantation life in the early 20th century. Her paintings portray picking cotton and pecans, washing clothes, baptisms, and funerals. Many of her paintings had similar subjects, but each one is unique. Hunter was noted for painting on anything, particularly discarded items such as window shades, jugs, bottles, and gourds and cardboard boxes. Her paintings rarely run larger than 18 by 24 inches. Her work has generally been considered","title":"Clementine Hunter"},{"id":"20007315","text":"variety of celebrity friends including Kyra Kennedy, EJ Johnson, Tiffany Trump, Andrew Warren, and Paris Hilton. Gaïa Jacquet-Matisse Gaïa Jacquet-Matisse (born April 12, 1993) is a French-born American socialite and actress, best known as the great-great-granddaughter of French painter Henri Matisse. Gaïa Jacquet-Matisse was born in Neuilly-sur-Seine, France. She is the daughter of American contemporary artist Sophie Matisse and French pop artist Alain Jacquet. She is the granddaughter of artist Paul Matisse, step great-granddaughter of artist Marcel Duchamp, and great-granddaughter of artist Pierre Matisse and Alexina Duchamp. Matisse attended Eleanor Roosevelt High School on the Upper East Side in Manhattan.","title":"Gaïa Jacquet-Matisse"},{"id":"1068638","text":"book, she describes Murphy as her \"personal laugh track\". The couple had two children, Lucy and Jack, before divorcing in 2002. She is the aunt of actress and singer Sabrina Carpenter. Cartwright was raised a Roman Catholic but joined the Church of Scientology in 1991. She was awarded Scientology's Patron Laureate Award after donating $10 million, almost twice her annual salary, to the Church in 2007. Cartwright is a contributor to ASIFA-Hollywood's Animation Archive Project. In September 2007, Cartwright received the Make-a-Wish Foundation's Wish Icon Award \"for her tremendous dedication to the Foundation's fundraising and wish-fulfillment efforts\". In 2005, Cartwright","title":"Nancy Cartwright"},{"id":"15677501","text":"the mother of actress Bianca Lawson by Lawson. Her grandchildren include Marvin Gaye IV (b. 1995) and Dylan Gaye (b. 2000). Denise Gordy Denise Georgette Gordy (born November 11, 1949) is an American former film and television actress. Born Denise Georgette Gordy in Detroit, Michigan, Gordy is the daughter of George and Rosemary Gordy and sister of Patrice and George Gordy, Jr., among others. Motown founder Berry Gordy is her uncle, while her aunt is Anna Gordy Gaye. Gordy has appeared in numerous television and theatrical features, beginning in 1972 with \"Lady Sings the Blues\" as a dancer in the","title":"Denise Gordy"},{"id":"7371713","text":"Fraser Clarke Heston Fraser Clarke Heston (born February 12, 1955 in Los Angeles, California) is an American film director, film producer, screenwriter and actor. He is the son of actors Charlton Heston and Lydia Clarke, and has one sibling, a sister, Holly Rochell Heston. Fraser Clarke Heston's filmography includes \"Alaska\" and the 1990 version of \"Treasure Island\" which cast his father as Long John Silver. As a baby, he made his film debut as the infant Moses (his father played the grown Moses) in the Cecil B. DeMille epic \"The Ten Commandments\". While in the process of writing \"Wind River\",","title":"Fraser Clarke Heston"},{"id":"9286992","text":"mémoire \"Framed\" to solicit his help in selling her painting. With Volpe's vision a business venture was formed, Legends Art Group, to manage and sell works of art authenticated by science; the formation of this venture is discussed in the documentary. Volpe also brought Horton's story to producer Steven Hewitt, who, along with his father, executive producer Don Hewitt (creator of \"60 Minutes\"), had formed the Hewitt Group to produce documentaries. Harry Moses, an Emmy, Peabody, and Directors Guild of America award-winner, and a recipient of a lifetime achievement award from the National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences, is","title":"Who the $&% Is Jackson Pollock?"},{"id":"13549821","text":"man who said to his noisy neighbor \"May you live until 119\" and then said to the wife \"May you live until 120.\" When asked by the husband \"why only until 119\", the man who was seeking a bit of quiet said \"she deserves one good year.\" Another joke said is: \"What do you say to someone on their 120th birthday? Have a nice day\". Live until 120 The phrase \"May you live until 120\", The most often cited source is . In , the age of Moses upon his death is given as 120, but most importantly the text","title":"Live until 120"},{"id":"1520441","text":"CBS sitcom \"The Beverly Hillbillies\". Aside from the top-billed Ebsen, principal cast members included Irene Ryan as Jed's mother-in-law, Daisy Moses, also known as Granny; Max Baer Jr. as Jed's dimwitted nephew Jethro Bodine; Donna Douglas as Jed's only child, the curvaceous, critter-loving Elly May Clampett; Raymond Bailey as Milburn Drysdale, a bank president who oversees the Clampett fortune; and Nancy Kulp as Jane Hathaway, Drysdale's secretary. Although scorned by critics, \"The Beverly Hillbillies\" attracted as many as 60 million viewers between 1962 and 1971 and was several times the highest-rated series on television. The show also spawned similar Paul","title":"Buddy Ebsen"},{"id":"1361335","text":"for the first time. Daughter Rhonda Ross-Kendrick performed as her mother's opening act. On November 19, 2017, Ross received the American Music Awards Lifetime Achievement Award. Ross performed several of her hits, ending with \"Ain't No Mountain High Enough\", during which she brought all of her grandchildren onstage. Her eldest grandson, eight-year-old Raif-Henok Emmanuel Kendrick, son of Rhonda Ross-Kendrick and husband, Rodney, performed an impromptu dance behind Ross, which gained attention. Ross was then joined onstage by all of her children, their spouses, first ex-husband Robert Ellis, Smokey Robinson (who brought Ross to Motown) and Motown founder, Berry Gordy. In","title":"Diana Ross"},{"id":"8758628","text":"him drawing with broken pencil nubs on scraps of paper. He left Cuba at the age of 15, after the death of his mother, and did not return for more than 40 years. A visit to Cuba in 2000, after receiving an entry visa from Fidel Castro's government, led to a particularly productive period in his work. Perez's style is classified as primitive art, also called naive art, a category used to describe notable work produced by artists without formal schooling, such as Grandma Moses, and which captures instinctive artistic expressions without the typical conventions and uniformity of classically educated","title":"Mario Perez (artist)"},{"id":"13549820","text":"Live until 120 The phrase \"May you live until 120\", The most often cited source is . In , the age of Moses upon his death is given as 120, but most importantly the text states \"his eye had not dimmed, and his vigor had not diminished.\" To have one's mental and physical faculties — that is what Jews wish someone via \"till 120.\" Although the blessing is quite appropriate, it is often used in ways that show it to be a part of every day conversation. The number 120 even exists in humor, as in the story of a","title":"Live until 120"},{"id":"99774","text":"paternal grandparents, John Barrymore and Dolores Costello, were actors, with John being arguably the most acclaimed actor of his generation. Barrymore is a niece of Diana Barrymore, a grandniece of Lionel Barrymore, Ethel Barrymore, and Helene Costello, and a great-great-granddaughter of Irish-born John and English-born Louisa Lane Drew, all of whom were also actors. She was a great-grandniece of Broadway idol John Drew Jr. and silent film actor, writer, and director Sidney Drew. Her godmothers are actress Sophia Loren and Lee Strasberg's widow, Anna Strasberg; Barrymore described her relationship with the latter as one that \"would become so important to","title":"Drew Barrymore"},{"id":"15631380","text":"Lucy Raverat Lucy Raverat (née Pryor, born 1948) is the professional name used by Lucy Ethne Rawlinson, a British painter. Born in Cambridge, Lucy Raverat is the daughter of Mark Gillachrist Marlborough Pryor, Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge, and Sophie (née Raverat), daughter of the artists Jacques Raverat and his wife Gwen (née Darwin). Through her maternal grandmother she is a great-great-granddaughter of the naturalist Charles Darwin. Her elder brother is William Pryor, a writer and entrepreneur. In 1968 she married Francis Rawlinson. She was interested in art through her youth, and in the 1960s she attended Hornsey College of","title":"Lucy Raverat"},{"id":"18010768","text":"Express\" (2017), and as the voice of Cottontail in \"Peter Rabbit\" (2018). Daisy Ridley was born on 10 April 1992 in Westminster, London, and grew up in Maida Vale. She is the youngest of three daughters born to Louise Fawkner-Corbett, a banker, and Christopher Ridley, a photographer. She has two older sisters, Kika Rose and Poppy Sophia. Her mother's family, the Fawkner-Corbetts, were landed gentry with a military and medical background. Her great-uncle was \"Dad's Army\" actor and playwright Arnold Ridley. While growing up, her favourite film was \"Matilda\" (1996), an adaptation of Roald Dahl's children's story, with the title","title":"Daisy Ridley"},{"id":"12296847","text":"but seen in the imagination only, . . . This little book, unlike the fortieth imitation of somebody's book on Picasso and available everywhere, is a discovery, pictures and commentary moving from an area of the mind now understandably suspect. . . .\" Sheri Martinelli Sheri Martinelli, (January 17, 1918 – November 3, 1996) was an American painter, poet, and muse. Martinelli was born Shirley Burns Brennan in Philadelphia in 1918. Of Irish ancestry, she was the eldest of four children and began using the name Sherry by the time she was a teenager. Later told that her first name","title":"Sheri Martinelli"},{"id":"990118","text":"Currier and Ives prints and purchased chalk and wax crayons so that she could create her own artwork. When she was 27, she worked on the same farm with Thomas Salmon Moses, a \"hired man.\" They were married and established themselves near Staunton, Virginia where they spent nearly two decades, living and working in turn on five separate local farms;The Bell Farm, Belvidere (also named the Eakle Farm), The Dudley Farm is today (2018) a modern farming enterprise(house still standing and occupied). Mount Airy Farm is now included within Augusta County's Millway Place Industrial Park, the farmhouse in which the","title":"Grandma Moses"},{"id":"20377294","text":"(all in New York) and Art Basel (in Basel, Switzerland). Both Kallir and Bachert have been honored with various awards for their contributions to Austrian and German cultural preservation, and the gallery has received awards for its contributions to the Bennington Museum, which is known for its Grandma Moses collection. Kallir and Bachert continue to contribute to scholarship on the artists represented by the gallery, authoring essays that have been included in numerous exhibition publications. In addition to the gallery’s academic contributions, the Galerie St. Etienne has played a role in many Holocaust-era restitution cases, most notably, the 1997–2010 case","title":"Galerie St. Etienne"},{"id":"553391","text":"Ossip Zadkine Ossip Zadkine (; 28 January 1888 – 25 November 1967) was a Russian-born artist who lived in France. He is primarily known as a sculptor, but also produced paintings and lithographs. Zadkine was born on 28 January 1888 as Yossel Aronovich Tsadkin () in the city of Vitsebsk, part of the Russian Empire (now Belarus). He was born to a Jewish father and a mother named Zippa-Dvoyra, who he claimed to be of Scottish origin. Ossip had 5 siblings: sisters Mira, Roza and Fania and brothers Mark and Moses. After attending art school in London, Zadkine settled in","title":"Ossip Zadkine"},{"id":"9450332","text":"was nicknamed Minnesota's Grandpa Moses by the University of Minnesota during the hey-day of his painting career in the 1960s. A self-taught artist, he completed over 400 pieces in a style referred to as naïve or primitive. His folk art was reminiscent of paintings done by Anna Mary Robertson Moses (1860–1961), another self-taught artist, from New England, whose work is still extremely popular among collectors. Like Grandma Moses, Kramer didn't pick up a paint brush until after retirement when he began recording the history of Midwestern agronomy in primary colors. Arnold began painting and recording history after a visit to","title":"Arnold Kramer"},{"id":"990117","text":"United States. She was inspired to paint by taking art lessons at school. Moses first painted as a child, using lemon and grape juice to make colors for her \"landscapes\". Other natural materials that she used to create works of art included ground ochre, grass, flour paste, slack lime and sawdust. At 12 years of age, she left home and began to work for a wealthy neighboring family, performing chores on their farm. She continued to keep house, cook and sew for wealthy families for 15 years. One of the families that she worked for—the Whitesides—noticed her interest in their","title":"Grandma Moses"},{"id":"990124","text":"She was a prolific painter who generated over 1,500 canvasses in three decades. Moses initially charged $3 to $5 for a painting, depending upon its size, and as her fame increased her works were sold for $8,000 to $10,000. Her winter paintings are reminiscent of some of the known winter paintings of Pieter Bruegel the Elder, although she had never seen his work. A German fan of her work said, \"There emanates from her paintings a light-hearted optimism; the world she shows us is beautiful and it is good. You feel at home in all these pictures, and you know","title":"Grandma Moses"},{"id":"11294191","text":"volunteer youth and young adults. Douglas attended Worthington Kilbourne High School and received a B.A. in political science from Miami University in Oxford, Ohio in 2004, where she graduated Kappa Delta. She holds a Master of Labor and Human Resources degree and a Master of Business Administration degree from the Ohio State University in Columbus, Ohio. In 1993, Emily Douglas founded Grandma's Gifts in memory of her grandmother, Norma Ackison, who died of breast and lung cancer in 1991 at the age of 60. One of 11 children, Ackison was an infant when her father died. She survived during the","title":"Emily Elizabeth Douglas"},{"id":"9105116","text":"during the December 7, 1941 attack on Pearl Harbor, and Alice Perry Grew (b. 1884). Her maternal grandparents were Lilla Cabot Perry, the impressionist painter of the New England Cabots, and Thomas Sergeant Perry, the noted American scholar. Through her grandfather, she was a descendant of famed American naval hero Oliver Hazard Perry. Together, Jay and Lilla were the parents of: Jay Pierrepont Moffat died on January 25, 1943 in Ottawa, two and-a-half weeks after his 47th birthday with complications from surgery for phlebitis. A service was held for Moffat at Christ Church Cathedral in Ottawa, which was attended by","title":"Jay Pierrepont Moffat"},{"id":"20377308","text":"to five additional venues. In 1965, after Messer had been appointed Director of the Guggenheim Museum in New York, Kallir convinced him to mount a major Klimt/Schiele show. In 1966, Kallir issued an updated edition of his Schiele catalogue raisonné, Egon Schiele: Oeuvre Catalogue of the Paintings, which was followed, in 1970, by a catalogue raisonné of the artist's prints, Egon Schiele: The Graphic Work. He also authored catalogues raisonnés documenting the oeuvres of Grandma Moses (1973) and Richard Gerstl (1974). During his first years in America, Kallir was inclined to see himself and his fellow refugees as victims of","title":"Otto Kallir"},{"id":"18286258","text":"Jon Serl Jon Serl (1894–1993) was an American artist. He is best remembered as a painter like the American artists Grandma Moses and Edward Hicks. He also worked in other roles and under several different names. These included as a vaudeville artist named Slats; as a voiceover performer for Hollywood named Ned Palmer, and as a migrant fruit collector, better known under the name Jerry Palmer. Jon Serl was born as Josef Searls in 1894 in Olean, New York. He was the fifth child of seven. He grew up in a vaudevillian theatrical family. This contributed to his early artistic","title":"Jon Serl"},{"id":"990127","text":"Her paintings were exhibited throughout Europe and the United States over the next 20 years. Otto Kallir established the Grandma Moses Properties, Inc. for her. The paintings of Grandma Moses were used to publicize American holidays, including Thanksgiving, Christmas and Mother's Day. During the 1950s, her exhibitions broke attendance records around the world. Art historian Judith Stein noted: \"A cultural icon, the spry, productive nonagenarian was continually cited as an inspiration for housewives, widows and retirees.\" Her paintings were reproduced on Hallmark greeting cards, tiles, fabrics, and ceramics. They were also used to market products, like coffee, lipstick, cigarettes, and","title":"Grandma Moses"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"id\": \"34541\",\n \"text\": \"loves and defends the simple life. Granny's full name, Daisy Moses, is allegedly an homage to the popular and dearly loved folk artist Anna Mary Robertson, known to the world as Grandma Moses, who died in 1961, a year before \\\"The Beverly Hillbillies\\\" made its television debut. Granny is frequently referred to as \\\"Granny Clampett\\\" in a number of episodes, but technically she is a Moses. Granny appears in all 274 episodes. Elly May (Donna Douglas in all 274 episodes), the only child of Jed and Rose Ellen Clampett, is a mountain beauty with the body of a pinup girl\",\n \"title\": \"The Beverly Hillbillies\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20398485\",\n \"text\": \"Minnie Reinhardt Minnie Smith Reinhardt (1898–1986) was an American naïve painter, known for her memory paintings. Sometimes called the \\\"Grandma Moses of Catawba County\\\", Reinhardt grew up in the community of Jugtown, today called Vale. One of eleven children, she helped out on the family farm from an early age. She also attended school, where she was able to draw. Aged about eighteen, she took a position as a cook at Lenoir-Rhyne College in Hickory. There she performed numerous housekeeping duties; she also learned to sew, which she would do for people around the county. She also helped out in\",\n \"title\": \"Minnie Reinhardt\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20398488\",\n \"text\": \"of her work. Minnie Reinhardt Minnie Smith Reinhardt (1898–1986) was an American naïve painter, known for her memory paintings. Sometimes called the \\\"Grandma Moses of Catawba County\\\", Reinhardt grew up in the community of Jugtown, today called Vale. One of eleven children, she helped out on the family farm from an early age. She also attended school, where she was able to draw. Aged about eighteen, she took a position as a cook at Lenoir-Rhyne College in Hickory. There she performed numerous housekeeping duties; she also learned to sew, which she would do for people around the county. She also\",\n \"title\": \"Minnie Reinhardt\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"990116\",\n \"text\": \"interest in art throughout her life, including embroidery of pictures with yarn, until arthritis made this pursuit too painful. Anna Mary Robertson was born in Greenwich, New York on September 7, 1860; she was the third of ten children born to Margaret Shanahan Robertson and Russell King Robertson. She was raised with four sisters and five brothers. Her father ran a flax mill and was a farmer. As a child, Moses attended a one-room school for a short period of time. That school is now the Bennington Museum in Vermont, which has the largest collection of her works in the\",\n \"title\": \"Grandma Moses\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1164716\",\n \"text\": \"Hoosick Falls, New York Hoosick Falls is a village in Rensselaer County, New York, United States. The population was 3,501 at the 2010 census. During its peak around 1900, the village had a population of about 7,000. The Capital District Regional Planning Commission projects a further decline in population through 2010 and beyond. The village of Hoosick Falls is near the center of the town of Hoosick on NY 22. The village center is listed on the National Register of Historic Places as Hoosick Falls Historic District. Painter Grandma Moses is buried in the village. The site of the British\",\n \"title\": \"Hoosick Falls, New York\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"990130\",\n \"text\": \"was a member of the Society of Mayflower Descendants and Daughters of the American Revolution. Her 100th birthday was proclaimed \\\"Grandma Moses Day\\\" by New York Governor Nelson Rockefeller. \\\"LIFE\\\" magazine celebrated her birthday by featuring her on its September 19, 1960, cover. The children's book \\\"Grandma Moses Story Book\\\" was published in 1961. Grandma Moses died at age 101 on December 13, 1961 at the Health Center in Hoosick Falls, New York. She is buried there at the Maple Grove Cemetery. President John F. Kennedy memorialized her: \\\"The death of Grandma Moses removed a beloved figure from American life.\",\n \"title\": \"Grandma Moses\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3682930\",\n \"text\": \"as Daisy \\\"Granny\\\" Moses, the mother-in-law of patriarch J.D. \\\"Jed\\\" Clampett in \\\"The Beverly Hillbillies\\\". The character was so named as an honour to the artist Anna Mary Robertson Moses, who had died aged 100 the previous year and only started her professional career as a painter in her latter years and was better known as Granny Moses. According to Filmways publicist Ted Switzer, series creator and producer Paul Henning had decided to cast Bea Benaderet as Granny. However, when Ryan read for the role, \\\"with her hair tied back in a bun and feisty as all get-out\\\", she just\",\n \"title\": \"Irene Ryan\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14307502\",\n \"text\": \"Nan Phelps Nan Phelps (née Hinkle; August 25, 1904 – January 17, 1990), was an American folk artist from London, Kentucky. Phelps’ work has often been compared to the more famous Grandma Moses in both style and subject matter. Phelps was born in Lily, Laurel County, Kentucky, the second child of Baptist preacher John Hinkle and Lula Hinkle (née Weaver). Phelps paternal grandfather William Hinkle was of Dutch descent. At a very young age, Phelps demonstrated an unusual interest in nature. She spent countless hours studying rocks, flowers, plants, streams, clouds, and small animals. The gift of a nickel box\",\n \"title\": \"Nan Phelps\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"990115\",\n \"text\": \"wit, she could be sharp-tongued with a sycophant and stern with an errant grandchild.\\\" She was a live-in housekeeper for a total of 15 years, starting at 12 years of age. One of her employers noticed her appreciation for their prints made by Currier and Ives, and they supplied her with art materials to create drawings. Moses and her husband began their married life in Virginia, where they worked on farms. In 1905, they returned to the Northeastern United States and settled in Eagle Bridge, New York. The couple had ten children, five of whom survived infancy. She expressed an\",\n \"title\": \"Grandma Moses\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"990113\",\n \"text\": \"Grandma Moses Anna Mary Robertson Moses (September 7, 1860 – December 13, 1961), known by her nickname Grandma Moses, was an American folk artist. She began painting in earnest at the age of 78 and is often cited as an example of an individual who successfully began a career in the arts at an advanced age. Her works have been shown and sold in the United States and abroad and have been marketed on greeting cards and other merchandise. Moses' paintings are displayed in the collections of many museums. \\\"Sugaring Off\\\" was sold for US $1.2 million in 2006. Moses\",\n \"title\": \"Grandma Moses\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13553997\",\n \"text\": \"the Wigwam. It was erected in March, 2018. Queena Stovall Queena Stovall (20 December 1887 – 27 June 1980) was an American folk artist sometimes called \\\"The Grandma Moses of Virginia.\\\" Born Emma Serena Dillard in Amherst County, Virginia, she married at age nineteen and lived on a farm. After her brother persuaded her to take an art class as nearby Randolph-Macon College in Lynchburg, Stoval began painting at age sixty-two, and her career as an artist lasted about two decades. She completed forty-seven paintings before her death, most depicting everyday events of both black and white people living in\",\n \"title\": \"Queena Stovall\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17985982\",\n \"text\": \"American Red Cross and Defense Secretary during the Korean War. Grandma Moses was honored with a 6-cent stamp in 1969 among the American Folklore issue. Born in Greenwich, New York, she retired from Staunton, Virginia farm work in her seventies and began painting. She and her husband spent much of their lives in the Shenandoah Valley. A self-taught artist, discovered in 1939 she produced over 1,500 paintings, including several after her 100th birthday. Her work features rural landscapes with traditional activities evoking simpler times. The stamp is a detail from her \\\"Fourth of July\\\" completed in 1951 when she was\",\n \"title\": \"History of Virginia on stamps\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13553994\",\n \"text\": \"Queena Stovall Queena Stovall (20 December 1887 – 27 June 1980) was an American folk artist sometimes called \\\"The Grandma Moses of Virginia.\\\" Born Emma Serena Dillard in Amherst County, Virginia, she married at age nineteen and lived on a farm. After her brother persuaded her to take an art class as nearby Randolph-Macon College in Lynchburg, Stoval began painting at age sixty-two, and her career as an artist lasted about two decades. She completed forty-seven paintings before her death, most depicting everyday events of both black and white people living in her native Amherst County. During her lifetime, Stovall\",\n \"title\": \"Queena Stovall\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20377307\",\n \"text\": \"During the 1940s, when works by the Austrian masters were almost impossible to sell, Kallir achieved a major success with the \\\"discovery\\\" of the self-taught octogenarian painter Anna Mary Robertson Moses. Known worldwide as \\\"Grandma\\\" Moses, she was one of the most famous artists of the Cold-War years, and the most successful female painter of her time. Kallir's approach relied heavily on cooperation with museums and scholarship. In 1960, he collaborated with Thomas Messer to organize the first American museum exhibition of Schiele's work. It opened at Boston's Institute of Contemporary Art (of which Messer was then director) and traveled\",\n \"title\": \"Otto Kallir\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1997643\",\n \"text\": \"have been made of her dramatized short stories as many readers expect them to be historically accurate. Carr's life itself made her a \\\"Canadian icon\\\", according to the \\\"Canadian Encyclopedia\\\". As well as being \\\"an artist of stunning originality and strength\\\", she was an exceptionally late bloomer, starting the work for which she is best known at the age of 57 (see Grandma Moses). Carr was also an artist who succeeded against the odds, living in an artistically unadventurous society, and working mostly in seclusion away from major art centers, thus making her \\\"a darling of the women's movement\\\" (see\",\n \"title\": \"Emily Carr\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18499457\",\n \"text\": \"Ethel Wright Mohamed Ethel Wright Mohamed (October 13, 1906 – February 15, 1992) was an American artist, best known for her embroidered scenes of country life. She is sometimes compared to \\\"Grandma Moses,\\\" both for her folk art style of illustration and her late start as an artist. Ethel Lee Wright was born on a farm in Webster County, Mississippi, the eldest child of Elijah Wright and Nina Bell Ramsay Wright. She learned to embroider as a child, from her mother. As a teenager she worked at a bakery in Shaw, Mississippi. Ethel Wright Mohamed returned to embroidery after she\",\n \"title\": \"Ethel Wright Mohamed\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17334742\",\n \"text\": \"Mount Airy (Verona, Virginia) Mount Airy, also known as the Grandma Moses House and Major James Crawford House, is a historic home located at Verona, Augusta County, Virginia. It was built about 1840, and is a two-story, five-bay, single-pile brick I-house. It has a rear 1 1/2-story, brick ell addition with porch built about 1850. Also on the property are a contributing washhouse (c. 1900), shed (c. 1900), and wagon house (c. 1921). The American artist Grandma Moses (1860–1961) and her husband Thomas Solomon Moses owned the house from January 1901 to September 1902. It was the first house they\",\n \"title\": \"Mount Airy (Verona, Virginia)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14307504\",\n \"text\": \"talent show in 1940, Phelps won a scholarship to attend the Art Academy of Cincinnati. In the 1950s Phelps traveled to New York City with a sample of her work in order to increase her exposure in the art world. During this visit, Phelps’ work gained the attention of Otto Kallir, the founder of the Galerie St. Etienne. Kallir is most widely known for discovering Grandma Moses and promoting her work. This began a long relationship between Phelps and the Galerie St. Etienne that continues today, through the children of Phelps and current Galerie St. Etienne directors Hildegard Bachert and\",\n \"title\": \"Nan Phelps\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14765020\",\n \"text\": \"and small works that she exchanged with Robert Watts, George Brecht, Ad Reinhardt, Leonard Cohen, Arman, and many others. When her marriage dissolved, she moved to New York City in the spring of 1966, aged 61, taking up residence first in the Chelsea Hotel and then in a studio next door, where she threw legendary soirées and became known as the \\\"Grandma Moses of the Underground\\\". By the time she arrived, Wilson was already working with photomontage techniques. Encouraged by Johnson, who had sent her magazines through the mail, she scissored patterns into images of pin-up girls and muscle men\",\n \"title\": \"May Wilson\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14307510\",\n \"text\": \"that ranged in size from 1” by 1” miniatures to 6’ by 17’ murals. Additionally, Phelps would paint not only upon canvas but also on natural objects such as seashells and rocks. Phelps works continue to be displayed in galleries, churches, museums, embassies, and private residences throughout the world. Nan Phelps Nan Phelps (née Hinkle; August 25, 1904 – January 17, 1990), was an American folk artist from London, Kentucky. Phelps’ work has often been compared to the more famous Grandma Moses in both style and subject matter. Phelps was born in Lily, Laurel County, Kentucky, the second child of\",\n \"title\": \"Nan Phelps\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14881700\",\n \"text\": \"painter Anna Mary Robertson Moses, better known as Grandma Moses. It is also known as \\\"Movement II\\\" of the Suite. A tune highlighted by flute, oboe and horn, it renders itself to both youth and age. First copyright on April 1, 1952 and renewed on January 4, 1980. \\\"Grandma Moses Suite\\\" has been released on CD by DRG Records. \\\"Jamie\\\" has never been available on home media. Of the pilot and 22 episodes of \\\"Jamie\\\" broadcast live, at least some are known to have survived on film by the Kinescope process. Videotape was not introduced until 1956. The pilot of\",\n \"title\": \"Jamie (TV series)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"990120\",\n \"text\": \"moved to a farm in Eagle Bridge, New York at her husband's urging. When Thomas Moses was about 67 years of age in 1927, he died of a heart attack, after which Anna's son Forrest helped her operate the farm. Anna Moses never married again. She retired and moved to a daughter's home in 1936. Anna Mary was known as either \\\"Mother Moses\\\" or \\\"Grandma Moses,\\\" and although she first exhibited as \\\"Mrs. Moses,\\\" the press dubbed her \\\"Grandma Moses,\\\" and the nickname stuck. As a young wife and mother, Moses was creative in her home; for example, in 1918\",\n \"title\": \"Grandma Moses\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10939812\",\n \"text\": \"features in the tradition of memory painting. He painted over 400 landscapes, of which a large number reside at The Mennello Museum of American Art in Orlando, FL. His childlike style is typical of folk art, which embraces art from artists that have little or no formal training and use techniques uniquely their own. Cunningham was familiar with Grandma Moses and even gained the nickname “Grandpa Moses”. His landscapes offer flattened forms shown in profile and human images resembling doll-like figures. He was not a good painter of human figures, but could draw animals a bit better. In fact, Cunningham\",\n \"title\": \"Earl Cunningham\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5273715\",\n \"text\": \"music with grants to composers. Hill also founded the Camargo Foundation in 1967, which administers an artists residency in Cassis, France. Jerome Hill Jerome Hill (March 2, 1905 – November 21, 1972) was an American filmmaker and artist. He was educated at Yale, where he drew covers, caricatures and cartoons for campus humor magazine \\\"The Yale Record\\\". His 1950 documentary \\\"Grandma Moses\\\", written and narrated by Archibald MacLeish, was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Short Subject, Two-reel. He won the 1957 Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature for his film \\\"Albert Schweitzer\\\". In addition to making films, he\",\n \"title\": \"Jerome Hill\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"990131\",\n \"text\": \"The directness and vividness of her paintings restored a primitive freshness to our perception of the American scene. Both her work and her life helped our nation renew its pioneer heritage and recall its roots in the countryside and on the frontier. All Americans mourn her loss.\\\" After her death, her work was exhibited in several large traveling exhibitions in the United States and abroad. Some of the public collections of her work are: Some of her works are: Grandma Moses Anna Mary Robertson Moses (September 7, 1860 – December 13, 1961), known by her nickname Grandma Moses, was an\",\n \"title\": \"Grandma Moses\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17334743\",\n \"text\": \"owned in their married lives. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2012. Mount Airy (Verona, Virginia) Mount Airy, also known as the Grandma Moses House and Major James Crawford House, is a historic home located at Verona, Augusta County, Virginia. It was built about 1840, and is a two-story, five-bay, single-pile brick I-house. It has a rear 1 1/2-story, brick ell addition with porch built about 1850. Also on the property are a contributing washhouse (c. 1900), shed (c. 1900), and wagon house (c. 1921). The American artist Grandma Moses (1860–1961) and her husband Thomas\",\n \"title\": \"Mount Airy (Verona, Virginia)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5273713\",\n \"text\": \"Jerome Hill Jerome Hill (March 2, 1905 – November 21, 1972) was an American filmmaker and artist. He was educated at Yale, where he drew covers, caricatures and cartoons for campus humor magazine \\\"The Yale Record\\\". His 1950 documentary \\\"Grandma Moses\\\", written and narrated by Archibald MacLeish, was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Short Subject, Two-reel. He won the 1957 Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature for his film \\\"Albert Schweitzer\\\". In addition to making films, he was a painter and composer. His last film, the autobiographical \\\"Film Portrait\\\" (1973), was added to the National Film Registry in\",\n \"title\": \"Jerome Hill\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20377289\",\n \"text\": \"such as the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, the Museum of Modern Art, and the Minneapolis Institute of Arts, Kallir and the Galerie St. Etienne established a place in the American eye for Austrian and German expressionism. The Galerie St. Etienne began representing the work of American folk artists as it attempted to capture the identity of its newfound homeland. In 1940, the Galerie St. Etienne hosted the first one-woman exhibition of the work of Anna Mary Robertson (“Grandma”) Moses. . The gallery gained the exclusive representation of Grandma Moses, who became one of the most renowned American artists of the\",\n \"title\": \"Galerie St. Etienne\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17213753\",\n \"text\": \"prominent 20th century painter Henri Matisse, Sophie's great-grandfather. Henri Matisse died in 1954, aged 85, eleven years before Sophie's birth. Family members expressed concern as to Sophie's use of the \\\"Matisse\\\" name, and in her youth she was discouraged from admitting to be a descendent of her famous great-grandfather. Only by incidentally noticing her family name on museum walls did Sophie come to consider that her great-grandfather may have been someone \\\"exceptional.\\\" Sophie Matisse's step-grandfather was the artist Marcel Duchamp, who famously reinterpreted Leonardo da Vinci's \\\"Mona Lisa\\\" in his \\\"L.H.O.O.Q.\\\" by adding a mustache. Duchamp married Sophie's grandmother Alexina\",\n \"title\": \"Sophie Matisse\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"990121\",\n \"text\": \"she used housepaint to decorate a fireboard. Beginning in 1932, Moses made embroidered pictures of yarn for friends and family. She also created beautiful quilted objects, a form of \\\"hobby art\\\" as defined by Lucy R. Lippard. By the age of 76, Moses had developed arthritis, which made embroidery painful. Her sister Celestia suggested that painting would be easier for her, and this idea spurred Moses's painting career in her late 70s. When her right hand began to hurt, she switched to her left hand. What appeared to be an interest in painting at a late age was actually a\",\n \"title\": \"Grandma Moses\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6341056\",\n \"text\": \"used for untrained artists so fits those who start late in life without artistic training. Hence the classic late bloomer is Grandma Moses whose painting career began in her seventies after abandoning a career in embroidery because of arthritis. An even older example is Bill Traylor who started drawing at age 83. Another painter who started late in life is Alfred Wallis, who began painting after his wife's death in his 60s. Mary Delany produced her \\\"paper mosaiks [sic]\\\" from the age of 71 to 88. Then there is Carmen Herrera, who did have artistic training, but who sold her\",\n \"title\": \"Late bloomer\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7335488\",\n \"text\": \"frequent poster to Instagram, where, , she has more than 960,000 followers. Her Instagram posts frequently include photographs of her with friends or with other people known mostly for having famous parents or grandparents, including Kyra Kennedy, granddaughter of Robert F. Kennedy; Gaïa Jacquet-Matisse, great-great-granddaughter of artist Henri Matisse; and EJ Johnson, son of Magic Johnson. The group, whose posed photos are edited by Andrew Warren, has been named the \\\"rich kids of Instagram\\\" by the \\\"New York Post\\\" and the \\\"Snap Pack\\\" by \\\"The New York Times\\\" and \\\"New York\\\" magazine. Tiffany Trump Tiffany Ariana Trump (born October 13,\",\n \"title\": \"Tiffany Trump\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20611913\",\n \"text\": \"1910 in Kodoc, Poland. She came to Montreal in 1919. Rosenfield later had two children: a daughter and a son. After she turned 45 and her children were older, she began studying sculpting at the École des Beaux-Arts. Joking about her late start in life as a sculptor, Rosenfield's husband liked to call her \\\"Montreal's Grandma Moses\\\". Her teachers included Quebec sculptors Armand Filion, Sylvia Daoust and Louis Archambault. Rosenfield was one of the founding members of the Quebec Sculptors' Association in 1962. Although she sometimes worked in wood and bronze, Rosenfield primarily worked in stone, including limestone from Indiana\",\n \"title\": \"Ethel Rosenfield\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10923603\",\n \"text\": \"character Ellery Queen or even mention his name, but not the last. There are many similarities between the character of Aunt Fanny Adams and the real-life naturalist painter Grandma Moses. The Glass Village The Glass Village is a novel that was published in 1954 by Ellery Queen. It is a mystery novel set in the imaginary New England town of Shinn Corners, United States. Aunt Fanny Adams, famed artist, is the most notable citizen of the tiny New England town of Shinn Corners. A noted proponent of the naturalist school (\\\"I paint what I see\\\") who only began painting at\",\n \"title\": \"The Glass Village\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"990119\",\n \"text\": \"Moses lived is still standing (2018), rather badly eroded. Shenandoah Valley Rural Heritage Foundation ential subdivision within corporate Staunton, Virginia. Mount Nebo is the farm on which she made and sold potato chips. The Mount Airy Farm House in which the Moses family lived still stands (2018) To supplement the family income, Anna made potato chips and churned butter from the milk of a cow that she purchased with her savings. Later, the couple bought a farm. Five of the ten children born to them survived infancy. Although she loved living in the Shenandoah Valley, in 1905 Anna and Robert\",\n \"title\": \"Grandma Moses\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"990122\",\n \"text\": \"manifestation of a childhood dream. With no time in her difficult farm-life to pursue painting, she was obliged to set aside her passion to paint. At age 92 she wrote, \\\"I was quite small, my father would get me and my brothers white paper by the sheet. he liked to see us draw pictures, it was a penny a sheet and lasted longer than candy.\\\" It was her father's encouragement that fed her passion to paint and this dream was able to manifest later in her life. Moses painted scenes of rural life from earlier days, which she called \\\"old-timey\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"Grandma Moses\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11643478\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Entertainment\\\" or billed \\\"The Pier\\\" on 31 January 2001 which starred Miriam Margolyes as Grandmama. Magic Grandad Magic Grandad was an educational programme which originally aired on the BBC Two Schools section Watch during 1995. The show saw Magic Grandad, played by Geoffrey Bayldon, take his young grandchildren, played by Kristy Bruce and James Moreno, back in time to see historical events and people such as the Great Fire of London or Florence Nightingale. Cheryl Hall also starred in the show as the children's mother. The programme was said to make learning about history \\\"fun for youngsters\\\" and was aimed\",\n \"title\": \"Magic Grandad\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16020476\",\n \"text\": \"My Little Princess My Little Princess is a 2011 French-Romanian drama film directed by Eva Ionesco and inspired by her relationship with her mother, the well-known artistic photographer Irina Ionesco whose pictures of her young daughter caused controversy when they were published back in the 1970s. The film illustrates a situation which at first glance seems to be a paradox: whilst revealing more and more of her daughter to the public the mother seems to get increasingly estranged from her and vice versa. Violetta is raised by her grandmother (\\\"Mamie\\\", the French equivalent of \\\"Grandma\\\"). Her mother Hanna tries to\",\n \"title\": \"My Little Princess\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3682934\",\n \"text\": \"outstanding student performers wishing to pursue further education.\\\" These scholarships have been awarded by the Irene Ryan Foundation since 1972. Irene Ryan Irene Ryan (born Jessie Irene Noblitt; October 17, 1902 – April 26, 1973) was an American actress who found success in vaudeville, radio, film, television, and Broadway. Ryan is most widely known for her portrayal of Daisy May \\\"Granny\\\" Moses, the mother-in-law of Buddy Ebsen's character, on the long-running TV series \\\"The Beverly Hillbillies\\\" (1962–1971), for which she was nominated for Emmy Awards for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series in 1963 and 1964. Ryan was born\",\n \"title\": \"Irene Ryan\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3682924\",\n \"text\": \"Irene Ryan Irene Ryan (born Jessie Irene Noblitt; October 17, 1902 – April 26, 1973) was an American actress who found success in vaudeville, radio, film, television, and Broadway. Ryan is most widely known for her portrayal of Daisy May \\\"Granny\\\" Moses, the mother-in-law of Buddy Ebsen's character, on the long-running TV series \\\"The Beverly Hillbillies\\\" (1962–1971), for which she was nominated for Emmy Awards for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series in 1963 and 1964. Ryan was born Jessie Irene Noblitt on October 17, 1902, in El Paso, Texas. She was the second child and last daughter born\",\n \"title\": \"Irene Ryan\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20558756\",\n \"text\": \"one-man show at the Associated American Artists gallery in New York. Reeves Lewenthal, director of the gallery, said that it was the first time in the gallery’s history that the works of an untutored artist had qualified for such a show. Said Lewenthal, \\\"[Courlander] is a fantastic primitive who paints completely from memory. He has an inventive spirit uniquely his own. He is on the same level as Grandma Moses. He is definitely a rare find in the art world.\\\" In fact, Courlander was affectionately dubbed \\\"Grandpa Moses\\\" by the Detroit press; other times he was referred to as \\\"Grandpa\",\n \"title\": \"David Courlander\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20739348\",\n \"text\": \"work of Egon Schiele. Bachert and Kallir also maintain the Grandma Moses archives assembled by Otto Kallir in connection with the Grandma Moses catalogue raisonné. In 1999, Bachert was awarded the Cross of Merit, First Class for outstanding achievement towards rebuilding the Federal Republic of Germany. Bachert recently celebrated her 75th year of work at the Galerie St. Etienne, where she still shares directorial responsibilities with Kallir. “Collecting the Art of Käthe Kollwitz,” in Elizabeth Prelinger, ed., Käthe Kollwitz (Washington D.C. and New Haven: Yale University Press, 1992). Hildegard Bachert Hildegard Bachert (born April 3, 1921) is a German-born American\",\n \"title\": \"Hildegard Bachert\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19857048\",\n \"text\": \"Florian Picasso Florian Ruiz-Picasso (born 21 February 1990), better known as Florian Picasso, is a Vietnamese-French DJ and record producer based in Cannes. He is a great-grandson of the well-known artist, Pablo Picasso. He gained recognition for collaborations with Martin Garrix and Steve Aoki. In 2016, he was ranked by DJ Mag at 38th on their annual list of Top 100 DJs. Picasso was born in Vietnam and was adopted by Marina Picasso, a granddaughter of the famous artist, Pablo Picasso. He was gladdened when Kanye West named his album, The Life of Pablo after his great-grandfather. He started making\",\n \"title\": \"Florian Picasso\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"990123\",\n \"text\": \"New England landscapes. Moses said that she would \\\"get an inspiration and start painting; then I'll forget everything, everything except how things used to be and how to paint it so people will know how we used to live.\\\" From her works of art, she omitted features of modern life, such as tractors and telephone poles. Her early style is less individual and more realistic or primitive, despite her lack of knowledge of, or perhaps rejection of, basic perspective. Initially she created simple compositions or copied existing images. As her career advanced she created complicated, panoramic compositions of rural life.\",\n \"title\": \"Grandma Moses\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20739346\",\n \"text\": \"Nierendorf, Otto Kallir hired her to work as his secretary at the Galerie St. Etienne. Bachert was instrumental in cultivating the gallery’s relationship with Grandma Moses, the most famous of the American folk artists represented by the Galerie St. Etienne. She collaborated with Moses by taking dictation for, ‘‘My Life’s History,’’ the artist’s autobiography. Additionally, she specializes in the work of Käthe Kollwitz, a perennial staple at the gallery. When Otto Kallir passed away in 1978, Bachert assumed the role of co-director with Jane Kallir, Kallir’s granddaughter. Bachert and Kallir found many ways to make the historical material the Galerie\",\n \"title\": \"Hildegard Bachert\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16066347\",\n \"text\": \"is interred at the Laredo Catholic Cemetery. Her papers and archives are in the collection of the University of Texas at Austin, held within the university library's Benson Latin American Collection. In 2015, Laredo LULAC named Montemayor winner of the \\\"Conscience Builder\\\" designation. Her son, Aurelio Montemayor, an educator in San Antonio, received the award on his mother's behalf. He referred to his mother as \\\"a very independent woman ... a very strong social worker ... involved in leadership of youth groups.\\\" In her painting, she was described as the \\\"Chicano Grandma Moses\\\". A prolific writer, Montemayor wrote more articles\",\n \"title\": \"Alicia Dickerson Montemayor\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"990128\",\n \"text\": \"cameras. In 1950, the National Press Club cited her as one of the five most newsworthy women and the National Association of House Dress Manufacturers honored her as their 1951 Woman of the Year. At age 88, \\\"Mademoiselle\\\" magazine named Grandma Moses a \\\"Young Woman of the Year.\\\" She was awarded two honorary doctoral degrees. The first was bestowed in 1949 from Russell Sage College and the second two years later from the Moore College of Art and Design. President Harry S. Truman presented her with the Women's National Press Club trophy Award for outstanding accomplishment in art in 1949.\",\n \"title\": \"Grandma Moses\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"99775\",\n \"text\": \"me as a kid because she was so kind and nurturing.\\\" Her godfather is director Steven Spielberg. Her first name, Drew, was the maiden name of her paternal great-grandmother, Georgie Drew, and her middle name, Blythe, was the surname of the family first used by her great-grandfather, Maurice Barrymore. Barrymore recounted in her 1991 autobiography, \\\"Little Girl Lost\\\", early memories of her abusive father, who left the family when Barrymore was 6 months old. They never had anything resembling a significant relationship and seldom spoke to each other. Barrymore grew up on Poinsettia Place in West Hollywood until the age\",\n \"title\": \"Drew Barrymore\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6894948\",\n \"text\": \"describe its wide ranging activities, the organization applied to amend its charter and change its corporate name in 2017. As such, the New York State Board of Regents approved the updated charter on March 10 of 2017, formally changing the organization's name from New York State Historical Association to Fenimore Art Museum. The fine art and folk art collections were largely assembled by Stephen C. Clark and include works by Gilbert Stuart, Thomas Cole, William Sidney Mount, Benjamin West, Grandma Moses, Ralph Fasanella, and Lavern Kelley. Clare and Eugene Thaw donated their collection of indigenous American art to the Fenimore\",\n \"title\": \"Fenimore Art Museum\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14732384\",\n \"text\": \"the Symphony of the Musical Arts. He was also named a board member of the Manchester Music Festival. Fausett died in 1998. Dean Fausett William Dean Fausett (July 4, 1913 – December 13, 1998) was an American painter. His career spanned over six decades. He painted notable figures like Dwight D. Eisenhower, Ronald Reagan, the Duke and Duchess of Windsor, Grandma Moses, Ezra Taft Benson, and Sir Alexander Fleming. His brother Lynn Fausett was also a painter. Fausett also purchased the historic house of Cephas Kent, Jr. in Dorset, Vermont and was instrumental in it the forming of the Kent\",\n \"title\": \"Dean Fausett\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5917630\",\n \"text\": \"godparents. She is the youngest of five children of Lt.-Col. Harold Pedro Joseph Phillips (1909–1980) and his wife, Georgina Wernher (1919–2011). Her eldest sister is Her Grace Sacha, Duchess of Abercorn, and another sister is Marita Crawley, who wrote the libretto for the opera \\\"The Poet and the Tsar\\\" about their great-great-great-grandfathers, Alexander Pushkin and Emperor Nicholas I of Russia. Natalia is one of three godmothers to Prince William, Duke of Cambridge. Her family have long been close to the British Royal Family, being distantly related to both Elizabeth II and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh. They are also descendants,\",\n \"title\": \"Natalia Grosvenor, Duchess of Westminster\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19379537\",\n \"text\": \"Clara McDonald Williamson Clara McDonald Williamson (November 20, 1875 – February 17, 1976) was a 20th century American painter who worked in the tradition of naïve art. Her subjects were genre scenes of life in the American West, especially her home state of Texas. Like Grandma Moses, she started painting late in life and she achieved a national reputation despite the fact that her career lasted only two decades. McDonald was born November 20, 1875, in Iredell, Texas, the second of six children of Mary Lasswell McDonald and Thomas McDonald. She had only intermittent formal education and little art training.\",\n \"title\": \"Clara McDonald Williamson\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"990125\",\n \"text\": \"their meaning. The unrest and the neurotic insecurity of the present day make us inclined to enjoy the simple and affirmative outlook of Grandma Moses.\\\" During a visit to Hoosick Falls in 1938, Louis J. Caldor, an art collector who worked as an engineer in the state of New York, discovered paintings made by Moses in the window of a drug store. He bought their supply and ten more from her Eagle Bridge house for $3 or $5 each. The next year, three Grandma Moses paintings were included in New York's Museum of Modern Art exhibition entitled \\\"Contemporary Unknown American\",\n \"title\": \"Grandma Moses\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4523918\",\n \"text\": \"Armstrong, who would have been 86 when \\\"What a Wonderful World\\\" became a hit in 1988, is the oldest overall, although Armstrong was younger than Mabley when the record was made). Mabley had six children: Bonnie, Christine, Charles, and Yvonne Ailey, and two given up for adoption when she was a teenager. She died from heart failure in White Plains, New York on May 23, 1975. She is interred at Ferncliff Cemetery, Hartsdale, New York. Mabley was the inspiration for the character of Grandma Klump in \\\"The Nutty Professor\\\". She is the subject of \\\"Whoopi Goldberg Presents Moms Mabley\\\", a\",\n \"title\": \"Moms Mabley\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20377311\",\n \"text\": \"York. • 1968: Silbernes Ehrenzeichen für Verdienste um das Land Wien Otto Kallir, Egon Schiele: oeuvre catalogue of the paintings (Crown Publishers, New York: 1966). Otto Kallir. Egon Schiele; The Graphic Work (Crown, New York: 1970). Otto Kallir, Grandma Moses (Abrams: New York: 1973). Otto Kallir, Richard Gerstl (1883-1908): Beitrāge zur Dokumentation seines Lebens und Werkes (Counsel Press: New York, 1974). Jane Kallir, Saved From Europe (Galerie St. Etienne, New York: 1999). Jane Kallir, Austria's Expressionism (Rizzoli, New York: 1981). \\\"Otto Kallir: Ein Wegbereiter Österreichischer Kunst\\\" (exhibition catalogue with texts by Hans Bisanz, Jane Kallir and Vita Maria Künstler; Historisches\",\n \"title\": \"Otto Kallir\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"990114\",\n \"text\": \"appeared on magazine covers, television, and in a documentary of her life. She wrote an autobiography (\\\"My Life's History\\\"), won numerous awards, and was awarded two honorary doctoral degrees. The \\\"New York Times\\\" said of her: \\\"The simple realism, nostalgic atmosphere and luminous color with which Grandma Moses portrayed simple farm life and rural countryside won her a wide following. She was able to capture the excitement of winter's first snow, Thanksgiving preparations and the new, young green of oncoming spring... In person, Grandma Moses charmed wherever she went. A tiny, lively woman with mischievous gray eyes and a quick\",\n \"title\": \"Grandma Moses\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16345863\",\n \"text\": \"she attended Illinois State Normal University in Normal, and also ran a day care business in Carnation, Washington for 25 years. The children of Carnation that she cared for affectionately referred to her as \\\"Grandma Rose\\\". She is part of \\\"Women in Baseball\\\", a permanent display based at the Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum in Cooperstown, New York, which was unveiled in 1988 to honor the entire All-American Girls Professional Baseball League. Though she did not attend the ceremony, she traveled to Cooperstown to see her name in the hall. \\\"That was the biggest thrill of my life\\\", she\",\n \"title\": \"Rose Folder\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5721593\",\n \"text\": \"Fantin-Latour, Helen Frankenthaler, Bartolo di Fredi, Paul Gauguin, Vincent van Gogh, Jan van Goyen, Francesco Granacci, Childe Hassam, Hans Hofmann, Pieter de Hooch, Adélaïde Labille-Guiard, Philip Guston, William Harnett, George Inness, Alex Katz, Paul Klee, Nicolas de Largillière, Sir Thomas Lawrence, Fernand Léger, Morris Louis, Maximilien Luce, Alessandro Magnasco, Robert Mangold, the Master of 1518, Henri Matisse, Pierre Mignard, Amedeo Modigliani, Claude Monet, Thomas Moran, Giovanni Battista Moroni, Grandma Moses, Robert Motherwell, Alice Neel, Kenneth Noland, Georgia O'Keeffe, Amédée Ozenfant, Charles Willson Peale, James Peale, Pablo Picasso, Camille Pissarro, Fairfield Porter, Robert Priseman, Robert Rauschenberg, Odilon Redon, Diego Rivera, George\",\n \"title\": \"Honolulu Museum of Art\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"384398\",\n \"text\": \"for having been the home to two of England's best regarded painters, Thomas Gainsborough and John Constable – the Stour Valley area is branded as \\\"Constable Country\\\" – and one of its most noted composers, Benjamin Britten. Other artists of note from Suffolk include the cartoonist Carl Giles (a bronze statue of his character \\\"Grandma\\\" to commemorate this is located in Ipswich town centre), poets George Crabbe and Robert Bloomfield, writer and Literary editor Ronald Blythe, actors Ralph Fiennes and Bob Hoskins, actress and singer Kerry Ellis, musician and record producer Brian Eno, singer Dani Filth, of the Suffolk-based extreme\",\n \"title\": \"Suffolk\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19089874\",\n \"text\": \"drawings or sketches: ninety percent of his creations are shaped in less than one hour. The memories of his childhood, mostly spent in Africa, represent his main source of inspiration: the artist recreates that to which he has been a witness while leaving space for improvisation to bring us the Bigfoot Family Project. A Bigfoot Family is born: Babyfoot, Bigfoot, Ladyfoot, Grandpafoot, Grandmafoot, Longfoot, Coolfoot, Le Siffleur and La Nena are among the team members. Each one possesses his own characteristic while still keeping a common familiar symbolism: these big feet, which represent our roots, and our attachment to the\",\n \"title\": \"Idan Zareski\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14732375\",\n \"text\": \"Dean Fausett William Dean Fausett (July 4, 1913 – December 13, 1998) was an American painter. His career spanned over six decades. He painted notable figures like Dwight D. Eisenhower, Ronald Reagan, the Duke and Duchess of Windsor, Grandma Moses, Ezra Taft Benson, and Sir Alexander Fleming. His brother Lynn Fausett was also a painter. Fausett also purchased the historic house of Cephas Kent, Jr. in Dorset, Vermont and was instrumental in it the forming of the Kent Neighborhood Historic District. Dean Fausett was born in Price, Utah, in 1913. His parents were George A. Fausett and Helen Josephine Bryner\",\n \"title\": \"Dean Fausett\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3389898\",\n \"text\": \"genetic overlap. A step-grandparent can be the step-parent of the parent or the step-parent's parent or the step-parent's step-parent (though technically this might be called a step-step-grandparent). The various words for grandparents at times may also be used to refer to any elderly person, especially the terms \\\"gramps\\\", \\\"granny\\\", \\\"grandfather\\\", \\\"grandmother\\\", \\\"nan\\\", \\\"maw-maw\\\", \\\"paw-paw\\\" and others which families make up themselves. When used as a noun (e.g., \\\"... a grandparent walked by\\\"), grandfather and grandmother are usually used, although forms such as grandma/grandpa, granny/granddaddy or even nan/pop are sometimes used. When preceded by \\\"my ...\\\" (e.g., \\\"... my grandpa walked\",\n \"title\": \"Grandparent\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"566424\",\n \"text\": \"Horizons\\\" (1955) alongside Fred MacMurray. He tried a comedy \\\"The Private War of Major Benson\\\" (1955) at Universal, then supported Jane Wyman in a drama \\\"Lucy Gallant\\\" (1955). Heston became an icon for playing Moses in the hugely successful biblical epic \\\"The Ten Commandments\\\" (1956), selected by director Cecil B. DeMille, who thought Heston bore an uncanny resemblance to Michelangelo's statue of Moses. DeMille cast Heston's three-month-old son, Fraser Clarke Heston, as the infant Moses. \\\"The Ten Commandments\\\" became one of the greatest box office successes of all time and is the seventh highest-grossing film adjusted for inflation. His portrayal\",\n \"title\": \"Charlton Heston\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14441019\",\n \"text\": \"Grandma Tracy Grandma Tracy is a fictional character in the television series \\\"Thunderbirds\\\". She was voiced by Christine Finn. Little is known about Grandma Tracy's past, and her real name is never mentioned on screen with all the characters, even sometimes her son Jeff, calling her \\\"Grandma\\\". As a young girl, her grandmother took her round London and she travelled on the London Underground, a fact that would prove useful later for International Rescue (\\\"Vault Of Death\\\"). She was married to a Kansas wheat farmer but was widowed some time before International Rescue begun and helped Jeff bring up his\",\n \"title\": \"Grandma Tracy\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20007313\",\n \"text\": \"Gaïa Jacquet-Matisse Gaïa Jacquet-Matisse (born April 12, 1993) is a French-born American socialite and actress, best known as the great-great-granddaughter of French painter Henri Matisse. Gaïa Jacquet-Matisse was born in Neuilly-sur-Seine, France. She is the daughter of American contemporary artist Sophie Matisse and French pop artist Alain Jacquet. She is the granddaughter of artist Paul Matisse, step great-granddaughter of artist Marcel Duchamp, and great-granddaughter of artist Pierre Matisse and Alexina Duchamp. Matisse attended Eleanor Roosevelt High School on the Upper East Side in Manhattan. After her father died from esophageal cancer when she was fifteen years old, Matisse took to\",\n \"title\": \"Gaïa Jacquet-Matisse\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1382346\",\n \"text\": \"Convert the ahnentafel number from decimal to binary. 2. Replace the leftmost \\\"1\\\" with the subject's name and replace each following \\\"0\\\" and \\\"1\\\" with \\\"father\\\" and \\\"mother\\\" respectively. The generation number can be calculated as the logarithm to base 2 of the ahnentafel number, and rounding down to a full integer by truncating decimal digits. For example, the number 38 is between 2=32 and 2=64, so log(38) is between 5 and 6. This means that ancestor no.38 belongs to generation five, and was a great-great-great-grandparent of the reference person who is no.1 (generation zero). The example, shown below, is\",\n \"title\": \"Ahnentafel\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15718091\",\n \"text\": \"was named for Nils Ebbessøn Astrup, who was a maternal grandson of Thomas Fearnley (1841–1927). The museum created a stir in the international art world in 2002 when it purchased the American artist Jeff Koons's monumental sculpture in gilt porcelain of the pop star Michael Jackson with Bubbles, his favorite chimpanzee, for US$5.1 million. The permanent collection consists of works of Norwegian and International Contemporary Art. The museum collection was originally based on a private collection that goes back thirty years, and has significantly developed with the many changes in modern/contemporary art. There has been an interest in German Abstract\",\n \"title\": \"Astrup Fearnley Museum of Modern Art\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18865757\",\n \"text\": \"colors and landscapes remind many of American primitives.\\\" His work went on to receive international acclaim, most notably from his home country of Sweden. In his syndicated column, Mel Heimer quoted Ms. Dwyer describing him as \\\"a sort of younger Grandma Moses.\\\" His work was also collected by Jacqueline Kennedy and Lady Bird Johnson for the White House. He died in April 1971. \\\"His work remains, and the beauty he has left behind is immeasurable.\\\" Andy Johnson (artist) Andy Johnson (born Anders Johannson, 1893 in Hyssma, Sweden - 1971) was a Swedish-American painter. He started painting at age 64 in\",\n \"title\": \"Andy Johnson (artist)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18033608\",\n \"text\": \"poetry. She has been called the Grandma Moses of Sranan. In 1987 she was awarded the Knight of the Order of the Yellow Star. Erwin de Vries, the Surinam sculptor in Paramaribo, made a bronze bust commissioned by the National Women's Movement, de Nationale Vrouwen Beweging (NVB) for the commemoration of the poet's one hundredth birthday. In 1963 Johanna published her first poetry book called \\\"Tide ete\\\" \\\"(Done Today/ Vandaag nog\\\"). In 1965 her second book was published: \\\"Awese\\\" (Healing Spirit). An Awese is a healing spirit in W\\\"inti\\\", the Afro-Surinam religion. Both books are \\\"milestones in the emancipation of\",\n \"title\": \"Johanna Schouten-Elsenhout\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6206863\",\n \"text\": \"Caroll.\\\" Lee died a few days later. In an interview a few years later, Loretta Long, who played Susan, said of the episode's legacy: \\\"People come up to us and say 'Thank you. Now we can explain what happened to Grandma, what happened to Grandpa.'\\\" Lee died from a heart attack at Lenox Hill Hospital in New York City on December 7, 1982 at the age of 74. Lee was never married and had no children and according to his obituary he was survived by his sister Sophie Lee Lubov who lived in Florida. The Sesame Street episode, \\\"Farewell, Mr.\",\n \"title\": \"Will Lee\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15631382\",\n \"text\": \"a polka-dot dress\\\". Lucy Raverat Lucy Raverat (née Pryor, born 1948) is the professional name used by Lucy Ethne Rawlinson, a British painter. Born in Cambridge, Lucy Raverat is the daughter of Mark Gillachrist Marlborough Pryor, Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge, and Sophie (née Raverat), daughter of the artists Jacques Raverat and his wife Gwen (née Darwin). Through her maternal grandmother she is a great-great-granddaughter of the naturalist Charles Darwin. Her elder brother is William Pryor, a writer and entrepreneur. In 1968 she married Francis Rawlinson. She was interested in art through her youth, and in the 1960s she attended\",\n \"title\": \"Lucy Raverat\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5544977\",\n \"text\": \"own until 2004 when his legs weakened and he found it almost impossible to walk. He was placed in a rest home, but was still able to feed himself and pass the days watching \\\"The Oprah Winfrey Show\\\" and \\\"The Price Is Right\\\". At the time of his death, he was the oldest United States combat veteran ever, the oldest male ever recorded in Mississippi and had outlived at least three of his eight children. It was reported that he had several dozen grandchildren and great-grandchildren. He was also ranked as the sixth-oldest living verified person in the world, the\",\n \"title\": \"Moses Hardy\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"53493\",\n \"text\": \"Albert Museum archive. The book \\\"The Tale of Kitty-in-Boots\\\", with illustrations by Quentin Blake, was published 1 September 2016, to mark the 150th anniversary of Potter's birth. In 2017, \\\"The Art of Beatrix Potter: Sketches, Paintings, and Illustrations\\\" by Emily Zach was published after San Francisco publisher Chronicle Books decided to mark the 150th anniversary of Beatrix Potter's birth by showing that she was \\\"far more than a 19th-century weekend painter. She was an artist of astonishing range.\\\" In December 2017, the asteroid 13975 Beatrixpotter, discovered by Belgian astronomer Eric Elst in 1992, was named in her memory. There are\",\n \"title\": \"Beatrix Potter\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13326218\",\n \"text\": \"Moses and Fromet Mendelssohn: Children of Abraham Mendelssohn Bartholdy: Mendelssohn family The Mendelssohn family are the descendants of the German Jewish philosopher Moses Mendelssohn, and include his grandson, the composer Felix Mendelssohn and his granddaughter, the composer Fanny Mendelssohn. Moses Mendelssohn was a significant figure in the Age of Enlightenment in Germany. Mendelssohn had ten children, of whom six lived to adulthood. Of those six children, only Recha and Joseph retained the Jewish faith. Abraham Mendelssohn, because of his conversion to Christianity, adopted the surname Bartholdy at the suggestion of his wife's brother, Jakob Salomon Bartholdy, who had adopted the\",\n \"title\": \"Mendelssohn family\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7774312\",\n \"text\": \"one of the most well-known self-taught artists, often referred to as the black Grandma Moses. Painting from memory, she is credited as an important social and cultural historian for her documentation of plantation life in the early 20th century. Her paintings portray picking cotton and pecans, washing clothes, baptisms, and funerals. Many of her paintings had similar subjects, but each one is unique. Hunter was noted for painting on anything, particularly discarded items such as window shades, jugs, bottles, and gourds and cardboard boxes. Her paintings rarely run larger than 18 by 24 inches. Her work has generally been considered\",\n \"title\": \"Clementine Hunter\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20007315\",\n \"text\": \"variety of celebrity friends including Kyra Kennedy, EJ Johnson, Tiffany Trump, Andrew Warren, and Paris Hilton. Gaïa Jacquet-Matisse Gaïa Jacquet-Matisse (born April 12, 1993) is a French-born American socialite and actress, best known as the great-great-granddaughter of French painter Henri Matisse. Gaïa Jacquet-Matisse was born in Neuilly-sur-Seine, France. She is the daughter of American contemporary artist Sophie Matisse and French pop artist Alain Jacquet. She is the granddaughter of artist Paul Matisse, step great-granddaughter of artist Marcel Duchamp, and great-granddaughter of artist Pierre Matisse and Alexina Duchamp. Matisse attended Eleanor Roosevelt High School on the Upper East Side in Manhattan.\",\n \"title\": \"Gaïa Jacquet-Matisse\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1068638\",\n \"text\": \"book, she describes Murphy as her \\\"personal laugh track\\\". The couple had two children, Lucy and Jack, before divorcing in 2002. She is the aunt of actress and singer Sabrina Carpenter. Cartwright was raised a Roman Catholic but joined the Church of Scientology in 1991. She was awarded Scientology's Patron Laureate Award after donating $10 million, almost twice her annual salary, to the Church in 2007. Cartwright is a contributor to ASIFA-Hollywood's Animation Archive Project. In September 2007, Cartwright received the Make-a-Wish Foundation's Wish Icon Award \\\"for her tremendous dedication to the Foundation's fundraising and wish-fulfillment efforts\\\". In 2005, Cartwright\",\n \"title\": \"Nancy Cartwright\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15677501\",\n \"text\": \"the mother of actress Bianca Lawson by Lawson. Her grandchildren include Marvin Gaye IV (b. 1995) and Dylan Gaye (b. 2000). Denise Gordy Denise Georgette Gordy (born November 11, 1949) is an American former film and television actress. Born Denise Georgette Gordy in Detroit, Michigan, Gordy is the daughter of George and Rosemary Gordy and sister of Patrice and George Gordy, Jr., among others. Motown founder Berry Gordy is her uncle, while her aunt is Anna Gordy Gaye. Gordy has appeared in numerous television and theatrical features, beginning in 1972 with \\\"Lady Sings the Blues\\\" as a dancer in the\",\n \"title\": \"Denise Gordy\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7371713\",\n \"text\": \"Fraser Clarke Heston Fraser Clarke Heston (born February 12, 1955 in Los Angeles, California) is an American film director, film producer, screenwriter and actor. He is the son of actors Charlton Heston and Lydia Clarke, and has one sibling, a sister, Holly Rochell Heston. Fraser Clarke Heston's filmography includes \\\"Alaska\\\" and the 1990 version of \\\"Treasure Island\\\" which cast his father as Long John Silver. As a baby, he made his film debut as the infant Moses (his father played the grown Moses) in the Cecil B. DeMille epic \\\"The Ten Commandments\\\". While in the process of writing \\\"Wind River\\\",\",\n \"title\": \"Fraser Clarke Heston\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9286992\",\n \"text\": \"mémoire \\\"Framed\\\" to solicit his help in selling her painting. With Volpe's vision a business venture was formed, Legends Art Group, to manage and sell works of art authenticated by science; the formation of this venture is discussed in the documentary. Volpe also brought Horton's story to producer Steven Hewitt, who, along with his father, executive producer Don Hewitt (creator of \\\"60 Minutes\\\"), had formed the Hewitt Group to produce documentaries. Harry Moses, an Emmy, Peabody, and Directors Guild of America award-winner, and a recipient of a lifetime achievement award from the National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences, is\",\n \"title\": \"Who the $&% Is Jackson Pollock?\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13549821\",\n \"text\": \"man who said to his noisy neighbor \\\"May you live until 119\\\" and then said to the wife \\\"May you live until 120.\\\" When asked by the husband \\\"why only until 119\\\", the man who was seeking a bit of quiet said \\\"she deserves one good year.\\\" Another joke said is: \\\"What do you say to someone on their 120th birthday? Have a nice day\\\". Live until 120 The phrase \\\"May you live until 120\\\", The most often cited source is . In , the age of Moses upon his death is given as 120, but most importantly the text\",\n \"title\": \"Live until 120\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1520441\",\n \"text\": \"CBS sitcom \\\"The Beverly Hillbillies\\\". Aside from the top-billed Ebsen, principal cast members included Irene Ryan as Jed's mother-in-law, Daisy Moses, also known as Granny; Max Baer Jr. as Jed's dimwitted nephew Jethro Bodine; Donna Douglas as Jed's only child, the curvaceous, critter-loving Elly May Clampett; Raymond Bailey as Milburn Drysdale, a bank president who oversees the Clampett fortune; and Nancy Kulp as Jane Hathaway, Drysdale's secretary. Although scorned by critics, \\\"The Beverly Hillbillies\\\" attracted as many as 60 million viewers between 1962 and 1971 and was several times the highest-rated series on television. The show also spawned similar Paul\",\n \"title\": \"Buddy Ebsen\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1361335\",\n \"text\": \"for the first time. Daughter Rhonda Ross-Kendrick performed as her mother's opening act. On November 19, 2017, Ross received the American Music Awards Lifetime Achievement Award. Ross performed several of her hits, ending with \\\"Ain't No Mountain High Enough\\\", during which she brought all of her grandchildren onstage. Her eldest grandson, eight-year-old Raif-Henok Emmanuel Kendrick, son of Rhonda Ross-Kendrick and husband, Rodney, performed an impromptu dance behind Ross, which gained attention. Ross was then joined onstage by all of her children, their spouses, first ex-husband Robert Ellis, Smokey Robinson (who brought Ross to Motown) and Motown founder, Berry Gordy. In\",\n \"title\": \"Diana Ross\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8758628\",\n \"text\": \"him drawing with broken pencil nubs on scraps of paper. He left Cuba at the age of 15, after the death of his mother, and did not return for more than 40 years. A visit to Cuba in 2000, after receiving an entry visa from Fidel Castro's government, led to a particularly productive period in his work. Perez's style is classified as primitive art, also called naive art, a category used to describe notable work produced by artists without formal schooling, such as Grandma Moses, and which captures instinctive artistic expressions without the typical conventions and uniformity of classically educated\",\n \"title\": \"Mario Perez (artist)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13549820\",\n \"text\": \"Live until 120 The phrase \\\"May you live until 120\\\", The most often cited source is . In , the age of Moses upon his death is given as 120, but most importantly the text states \\\"his eye had not dimmed, and his vigor had not diminished.\\\" To have one's mental and physical faculties — that is what Jews wish someone via \\\"till 120.\\\" Although the blessing is quite appropriate, it is often used in ways that show it to be a part of every day conversation. The number 120 even exists in humor, as in the story of a\",\n \"title\": \"Live until 120\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"99774\",\n \"text\": \"paternal grandparents, John Barrymore and Dolores Costello, were actors, with John being arguably the most acclaimed actor of his generation. Barrymore is a niece of Diana Barrymore, a grandniece of Lionel Barrymore, Ethel Barrymore, and Helene Costello, and a great-great-granddaughter of Irish-born John and English-born Louisa Lane Drew, all of whom were also actors. She was a great-grandniece of Broadway idol John Drew Jr. and silent film actor, writer, and director Sidney Drew. Her godmothers are actress Sophia Loren and Lee Strasberg's widow, Anna Strasberg; Barrymore described her relationship with the latter as one that \\\"would become so important to\",\n \"title\": \"Drew Barrymore\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15631380\",\n \"text\": \"Lucy Raverat Lucy Raverat (née Pryor, born 1948) is the professional name used by Lucy Ethne Rawlinson, a British painter. Born in Cambridge, Lucy Raverat is the daughter of Mark Gillachrist Marlborough Pryor, Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge, and Sophie (née Raverat), daughter of the artists Jacques Raverat and his wife Gwen (née Darwin). Through her maternal grandmother she is a great-great-granddaughter of the naturalist Charles Darwin. Her elder brother is William Pryor, a writer and entrepreneur. In 1968 she married Francis Rawlinson. She was interested in art through her youth, and in the 1960s she attended Hornsey College of\",\n \"title\": \"Lucy Raverat\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18010768\",\n \"text\": \"Express\\\" (2017), and as the voice of Cottontail in \\\"Peter Rabbit\\\" (2018). Daisy Ridley was born on 10 April 1992 in Westminster, London, and grew up in Maida Vale. She is the youngest of three daughters born to Louise Fawkner-Corbett, a banker, and Christopher Ridley, a photographer. She has two older sisters, Kika Rose and Poppy Sophia. Her mother's family, the Fawkner-Corbetts, were landed gentry with a military and medical background. Her great-uncle was \\\"Dad's Army\\\" actor and playwright Arnold Ridley. While growing up, her favourite film was \\\"Matilda\\\" (1996), an adaptation of Roald Dahl's children's story, with the title\",\n \"title\": \"Daisy Ridley\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12296847\",\n \"text\": \"but seen in the imagination only, . . . This little book, unlike the fortieth imitation of somebody's book on Picasso and available everywhere, is a discovery, pictures and commentary moving from an area of the mind now understandably suspect. . . .\\\" Sheri Martinelli Sheri Martinelli, (January 17, 1918 – November 3, 1996) was an American painter, poet, and muse. Martinelli was born Shirley Burns Brennan in Philadelphia in 1918. Of Irish ancestry, she was the eldest of four children and began using the name Sherry by the time she was a teenager. Later told that her first name\",\n \"title\": \"Sheri Martinelli\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"990118\",\n \"text\": \"Currier and Ives prints and purchased chalk and wax crayons so that she could create her own artwork. When she was 27, she worked on the same farm with Thomas Salmon Moses, a \\\"hired man.\\\" They were married and established themselves near Staunton, Virginia where they spent nearly two decades, living and working in turn on five separate local farms;The Bell Farm, Belvidere (also named the Eakle Farm), The Dudley Farm is today (2018) a modern farming enterprise(house still standing and occupied). Mount Airy Farm is now included within Augusta County's Millway Place Industrial Park, the farmhouse in which the\",\n \"title\": \"Grandma Moses\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20377294\",\n \"text\": \"(all in New York) and Art Basel (in Basel, Switzerland). Both Kallir and Bachert have been honored with various awards for their contributions to Austrian and German cultural preservation, and the gallery has received awards for its contributions to the Bennington Museum, which is known for its Grandma Moses collection. Kallir and Bachert continue to contribute to scholarship on the artists represented by the gallery, authoring essays that have been included in numerous exhibition publications. In addition to the gallery’s academic contributions, the Galerie St. Etienne has played a role in many Holocaust-era restitution cases, most notably, the 1997–2010 case\",\n \"title\": \"Galerie St. Etienne\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"553391\",\n \"text\": \"Ossip Zadkine Ossip Zadkine (; 28 January 1888 – 25 November 1967) was a Russian-born artist who lived in France. He is primarily known as a sculptor, but also produced paintings and lithographs. Zadkine was born on 28 January 1888 as Yossel Aronovich Tsadkin () in the city of Vitsebsk, part of the Russian Empire (now Belarus). He was born to a Jewish father and a mother named Zippa-Dvoyra, who he claimed to be of Scottish origin. Ossip had 5 siblings: sisters Mira, Roza and Fania and brothers Mark and Moses. After attending art school in London, Zadkine settled in\",\n \"title\": \"Ossip Zadkine\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9450332\",\n \"text\": \"was nicknamed Minnesota's Grandpa Moses by the University of Minnesota during the hey-day of his painting career in the 1960s. A self-taught artist, he completed over 400 pieces in a style referred to as naïve or primitive. His folk art was reminiscent of paintings done by Anna Mary Robertson Moses (1860–1961), another self-taught artist, from New England, whose work is still extremely popular among collectors. Like Grandma Moses, Kramer didn't pick up a paint brush until after retirement when he began recording the history of Midwestern agronomy in primary colors. Arnold began painting and recording history after a visit to\",\n \"title\": \"Arnold Kramer\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"990117\",\n \"text\": \"United States. She was inspired to paint by taking art lessons at school. Moses first painted as a child, using lemon and grape juice to make colors for her \\\"landscapes\\\". Other natural materials that she used to create works of art included ground ochre, grass, flour paste, slack lime and sawdust. At 12 years of age, she left home and began to work for a wealthy neighboring family, performing chores on their farm. She continued to keep house, cook and sew for wealthy families for 15 years. One of the families that she worked for—the Whitesides—noticed her interest in their\",\n \"title\": \"Grandma Moses\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"990124\",\n \"text\": \"She was a prolific painter who generated over 1,500 canvasses in three decades. Moses initially charged $3 to $5 for a painting, depending upon its size, and as her fame increased her works were sold for $8,000 to $10,000. Her winter paintings are reminiscent of some of the known winter paintings of Pieter Bruegel the Elder, although she had never seen his work. A German fan of her work said, \\\"There emanates from her paintings a light-hearted optimism; the world she shows us is beautiful and it is good. You feel at home in all these pictures, and you know\",\n \"title\": \"Grandma Moses\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11294191\",\n \"text\": \"volunteer youth and young adults. Douglas attended Worthington Kilbourne High School and received a B.A. in political science from Miami University in Oxford, Ohio in 2004, where she graduated Kappa Delta. She holds a Master of Labor and Human Resources degree and a Master of Business Administration degree from the Ohio State University in Columbus, Ohio. In 1993, Emily Douglas founded Grandma's Gifts in memory of her grandmother, Norma Ackison, who died of breast and lung cancer in 1991 at the age of 60. One of 11 children, Ackison was an infant when her father died. She survived during the\",\n \"title\": \"Emily Elizabeth Douglas\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9105116\",\n \"text\": \"during the December 7, 1941 attack on Pearl Harbor, and Alice Perry Grew (b. 1884). Her maternal grandparents were Lilla Cabot Perry, the impressionist painter of the New England Cabots, and Thomas Sergeant Perry, the noted American scholar. Through her grandfather, she was a descendant of famed American naval hero Oliver Hazard Perry. Together, Jay and Lilla were the parents of: Jay Pierrepont Moffat died on January 25, 1943 in Ottawa, two and-a-half weeks after his 47th birthday with complications from surgery for phlebitis. A service was held for Moffat at Christ Church Cathedral in Ottawa, which was attended by\",\n \"title\": \"Jay Pierrepont Moffat\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20377308\",\n \"text\": \"to five additional venues. In 1965, after Messer had been appointed Director of the Guggenheim Museum in New York, Kallir convinced him to mount a major Klimt/Schiele show. In 1966, Kallir issued an updated edition of his Schiele catalogue raisonné, Egon Schiele: Oeuvre Catalogue of the Paintings, which was followed, in 1970, by a catalogue raisonné of the artist's prints, Egon Schiele: The Graphic Work. He also authored catalogues raisonnés documenting the oeuvres of Grandma Moses (1973) and Richard Gerstl (1974). During his first years in America, Kallir was inclined to see himself and his fellow refugees as victims of\",\n \"title\": \"Otto Kallir\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18286258\",\n \"text\": \"Jon Serl Jon Serl (1894–1993) was an American artist. He is best remembered as a painter like the American artists Grandma Moses and Edward Hicks. He also worked in other roles and under several different names. These included as a vaudeville artist named Slats; as a voiceover performer for Hollywood named Ned Palmer, and as a migrant fruit collector, better known under the name Jerry Palmer. Jon Serl was born as Josef Searls in 1894 in Olean, New York. He was the fifth child of seven. He grew up in a vaudevillian theatrical family. This contributed to his early artistic\",\n \"title\": \"Jon Serl\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"990127\",\n \"text\": \"Her paintings were exhibited throughout Europe and the United States over the next 20 years. Otto Kallir established the Grandma Moses Properties, Inc. for her. The paintings of Grandma Moses were used to publicize American holidays, including Thanksgiving, Christmas and Mother's Day. During the 1950s, her exhibitions broke attendance records around the world. Art historian Judith Stein noted: \\\"A cultural icon, the spry, productive nonagenarian was continually cited as an inspiration for housewives, widows and retirees.\\\" Her paintings were reproduced on Hallmark greeting cards, tiles, fabrics, and ceramics. They were also used to market products, like coffee, lipstick, cigarettes, and\",\n \"title\": \"Grandma Moses\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"compressed_ctxs_1":{"kind":"string","value":"{\n \"compressed_prompt\": \"Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\\n\\ntitle: The Beverly Hillbillies context: loves and defends the simple life. Granny's full name, Daisy Moses, is allegedly an homage to the popular and dearly loved folk artist Anna Mary Robertson, known to the world as Grandma Moses, who died in 1961, a year before \\\"The Beverly Hillbillies\\\" made its television debut. Granny is frequently referred to as \\\"Granny Clampett\\\" in a number of episodes, but technically she is a Moses. Granny appears in all 274 episodes. Elly May (Donna Douglas in all 274 episodes), the only child of Jed and Rose Ellen Clampett, is a mountain beauty with the body of a pinup girl\\n\\nHow many grandchildren did artist Grandma Moses have?\",\n \"compressed_tokens\": 186,\n \"origin_tokens\": 186,\n \"ratio\": \"1.0x\",\n \"saving\": \", Saving $0.0 in GPT-4.\"\n}"},"compressed_ctxs_100":{"kind":"string","value":"{\n \"compressed_prompt\": \"Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\\n\\ntitle: Grandma Moses context: cameras In 1950, the National Press Club cited her as one of the five most newsworthy women and the National Association of House Dress Manufacturers honored her as their 1951 Woman of the Year. At age 88, \\\"Mademoiselle\\\" magazine named Grandma Moses a \\\"Young Woman of the Year.\\\" She was awarded two honorary doctoral degrees. The first was bestowed in 1949 from Russell Sage College and the second two years later from the Moore College of Art and Design. President Harry S. Truman presented her with the Women's National Press Club trophy Award for outstanding accomplishment in art in 1949.\\n\\ntitle: Grandma Moses context landscapes Mos said that she would \\\"get an inspiration and start painting; then I'll forget everything, everything except used to be and how to paint it so people will know how we used to live.\\\" her of art, omitted features of modern life, such as tractors and telephone poles. Her early individual and more realistic or primitive, despite her lack knowledge, or rejection of, perspective. Initially she created compositions or copied existing images. As her career advanced she created complicated, panoramic compositions of rural life.\\n\\ntitle: Grand Moses: United States. She was inspired paint by art lessons at school. Moses as child using lemon and gra ju make for \\\"landsc\\\". Other natural materials that she create of art ground och,our lime and sawdust. At 2 years of age, to work for a wealthy neighbor family performing chores on farm She continued to cook and sew wealthy families 15 years. One of the that she worked—theides—noticed interest their\\n\\n:es Cur prints and chalk wons so could create her. When was 2, on the Thomas Sales,h and they spent nearly, living; Bel ( namedle Farm0) far( still standing Farm is now included within Augusta County's Millway Place Industrial Park, the farmhouse in which the\\n\\nHow many grandchildren did artist Grandma Moses have?\",\n \"compressed_tokens\": 438,\n \"origin_tokens\": 14959,\n \"ratio\": \"34.2x\",\n \"saving\": \", Saving $0.9 in GPT-4.\"\n}"}}},{"rowIdx":289,"cells":{"id":{"kind":"number","value":289,"string":"289"},"question":{"kind":"string","value":"In the early James Bond books, Agent 007 packed a Walther PPK. What weapon replaced it in his later appearances?"},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["A German-made, 9-millimeter, Heckler and Koch semi-automatic pistol"],"string":"[\n \"A German-made, 9-millimeter, Heckler and Koch semi-automatic pistol\"\n]","isConversational":false},"target":{"kind":"string","value":"A German-made, 9-millimeter, Heckler and Koch semi-automatic pistol"},"ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"id":"17010388","text":"Hatcher after realising she was pregnant and was late for that reason. \"Tomorrow Never Dies\" marked the first appearance of the Walther P99 as Bond's pistol. It replaced the Walther PPK that the character had carried in every Eon Bond film since of \"Dr. No\" in 1962, with the exception of \"Moonraker\" in which Bond was not seen with a pistol. Walther wanted to debut its new firearm in a Bond film, which had been one of its most visible endorsers. Previously the P5 was introduced in \"Octopussy\". Bond would use the P99 until Daniel Craig reverted to the PPK","title":"Filming of James Bond in the 1990s"},{"id":"208229","text":"Colt .45 Army Special. The first Bond film, \"Dr. No\", saw M ordering Bond to leave his Beretta behind and take up the Walther PPK, which the film Bond used in eighteen films. In \"Tomorrow Never Dies\" and the two subsequent films, Bond's main weapon was the Walther P99 semi-automatic pistol. In the early Bond stories Fleming gave Bond a battleship-grey Bentley Litre with an Amherst Villiers supercharger. After Bond's car was written off by Hugo Drax in \"Moonraker\", Fleming gave Bond a Mark II Continental Bentley, which he used in the remaining books of the series. During \"Goldfinger\", Bond","title":"James Bond"},{"id":"713434","text":"directly involved in Bond's missions occur in \"Octopussy\", in which Q actually participates in field work, including the final battle against the villain's henchmen, and \"Licence to Kill\" in which he joins Bond in the field after 007 goes rogue. In the first film, \"Dr. No\", Boothroyd is played by Peter Burton in only one scene in which he replaces Bond's .25 ACP Beretta 418 pistol with the signature .32 Walther PPK handgun. He is referred to by M as \"the armourer,\" and later as Major Boothroyd. Scheduling conflicts prevented Burton from reprising the role in \"From Russia with Love\",","title":"Q (James Bond)"},{"id":"9167160","text":"with his lifesaving gadgets, would, in turn, later inspire Ian Fleming’s successor, John Gardner, to replace Bond’s renowned Walther PPK as 007’s weapon of choice. Beginning with 1984’s \"Role of Honor\", the ASP would go on to be featured in 11 James Bond novels. James Bond expert James McMahon would later write: “If Bond were a gun, he'd be the ASP. Dark, deadly, perfectly suited to his mission.” In 1980, Theodore formed Techpak, a company created to market a combat handgun shooting technique he had developed called “Quell.” The Quell system included a realistic depiction of close quarter combat, a","title":"Paris Theodore"},{"id":"4216392","text":"the films also carry over into Benson's continuation. M, for instance, is not Sir Miles Messervy, but the female M that was first introduced in the film \"GoldenEye\" (1995), although Gardner also introduced this character in his novelisation of that film and retained the character through his final novel \"COLD\" (1996). Bond also reverts to using his trusty Walther PPK, claiming he had switched to other guns (notably the ASP in Gardner's later novels), but felt that it was time he used it again. The follow-up to \"Zero Minus Ten\", the novelization to \"Tomorrow Never Dies\" has Bond switching to","title":"Zero Minus Ten"},{"id":"2113617","text":"creative argy-bargy\", with Spottiswoode saying \"It has all been made up...Nothing important really went wrong.\" Spottiswoode did not return to direct the next film; he said the producers asked him, but he was too tired. Apparently, Brosnan and Hatcher feuded briefly during filming due to her arriving late onto the set one day. The matter was quickly resolved though and Brosnan apologised to Hatcher after realising she was pregnant and was late for that reason. \"Tomorrow Never Dies\" marked the first appearance of the Walther P99 as Bond's pistol. It replaced the Walther PPK that the character had carried in","title":"Tomorrow Never Dies"},{"id":"208227","text":"360 and PlayStation 3 under the title \"\". In October 2012 \"007 Legends\" was released, which featured one mission from each of the Bond actors of the Eon Productions' series. For the first five novels, Fleming armed Bond with a Beretta 418 until he received a letter from a thirty-one-year-old Bond enthusiast and gun expert, Geoffrey Boothroyd, criticising Fleming's choice of firearm for Bond, calling it \"a lady's gun – and not a very nice lady at that!\" Boothroyd suggested that Bond should swap his Beretta for a Walther PPK 7.65mm and this exchange of arms made it to \"Dr.","title":"James Bond"},{"id":"15940307","text":"Bond\" actors. Llewelyn's first film was the second in the Eon series, \"From Russia with Love\", after the actor who played the part in \"Dr. No\", Peter Burton, was unavailable for the filming schedule. (Burton's character was not yet called Q, but \"the Armourer\", Major Boothroyd, who instructed Bond on a new firearm, the Walther PPK.) After appearing as Q's assistant in \"The World Is Not Enough\", John Cleese appeared as Q in Pierce Brosnan's last film, \"Die Another Day\". For Daniel Craig's third film, \"Skyfall\", the character was re-introduced, with Ben Whishaw playing the part. The first Bond film,","title":"Motifs in the James Bond film series"},{"id":"15940308","text":"\"Dr. No\", saw M ordering Bond to leave his Beretta behind and take up the Walther PPK, which the film Bond used in eighteen films. Since \"Tomorrow Never Dies\", Bond's main weapon has been the Walther P99 semi-automatic pistol. Bond has driven a number of cars, including the Aston Martin V8 Vantage during the 1980s, the V12 Vanquish and DBS during the 2000s, as well as the Lotus Esprit; the BMW Z3, BMW 750iL and the BMW Z8. He has, however, also needed to drive a number of other vehicles, ranging from a Citroën 2CV to a AEC Routemaster bus,","title":"Motifs in the James Bond film series"},{"id":"2113618","text":"every Eon Bond film since \"Dr. No\" in 1962, with the exception of \"Moonraker\" in which Bond was not seen with a pistol. Walther wanted to debut its new firearm in a Bond film, which had been one of its most visible endorsers. Previously the P5 was introduced in \"Octopussy\". Bond would use the P99 until Daniel Craig reverted to the PPK as 007 in \"Quantum of Solace\" in 2008. Barbara Broccoli chose David Arnold to score \"Tomorrow Never Dies\" on a recommendation from prolific James Bond films composer John Barry. Arnold had come to Barry's attention through his successful","title":"Tomorrow Never Dies"},{"id":"12887982","text":"ACP Beretta automatic pistol carried in a light-weight chamois leather holster. However Fleming was contacted by a Bond enthusiast and gun expert, Geoffrey Boothroyd, who criticised Fleming's choice of firearm for Bond and suggested a Walther PPK 7.65mm instead. Fleming used the suggestion in \"Dr. No\", also taking advice that it should be used with the Berns-Martin triple draw shoulder holster. By way of thanks, the Secret Service Armourer who gives Bond his gun was given the name Major Boothroyd, and is introduced by M as \"the greatest small-arms expert in the world\". Kingsley Amis, in \"The James Bond Dossier\",","title":"James Bond (literary character)"},{"id":"9285541","text":"order from his superior officer, M, to start carrying a new duty weapon in the opening chapters of the sixth novel, \"Dr. No\". Major Boothroyd, the MI6 armorer and \"the greatest small-arms expert in the world\" in M's opinion, insists that Bond trade it for a weapon with more stopping power. Bond is issued a Walther PPK, and a Smith & Wesson Centennial Airweight revolver for situations where he needs more power than the PPK can offer. He uses both guns during a mission in Jamaica for this novel, then relies on the PPK in subsequent stories. In the film","title":"Beretta 418"},{"id":"3471018","text":"early novels, but switched to the PPK in \"Dr. No\" on the advice of firearms expert Geoffrey Boothroyd, though the actual guns carried by Bond and Felix Leiter in the film were, in fact, Walther PPs. Actor Jack Lord was presented with a gold plated one with ivory handgrips. Singer Elvis Presley owned a silver-finish PPK, inscribed \"TCB\" (\"taking care of business\"). The PPK/S was developed following the enactment of the Gun Control Act of 1968 (GCA68) in the United States, the pistol's largest market. One of the provisions of GCA68 banned the importation of pistols and revolvers not meeting","title":"Walther PP"},{"id":"3471017","text":"barrel and frame, the manufacturer's selection of the name \"Kriminal\" appears in early original advertising brochures from Walther and the 1937 GECO German catalog. Adolf Hitler shot and killed himself with his PPK (.32 ACP/7.65mm) in the Führerbunker in Berlin. South Korean dictator Park Chung-hee was shot and killed by Kim Jae-gyu, using the Walther PPK. The Walther PPK pistol is famous as fictional secret agent James Bond's gun in many of the films and novels: Ian Fleming's choice of the Walther PPK directly influenced its popularity and its notoriety. Fleming had given Bond a .25 Beretta 418 pistol in","title":"Walther PP"},{"id":"1979549","text":"broken into two parts with the barrel-chamber assembly hidden in the hollowed out heel of one boot and the frame hidden in the heel of the other. Two characters in the 1965 movie \"Cat Ballou\" wield derringers. In Ian Fleming's novel \"The Man with the Golden Gun\" (1965), Francisco \"Pistols\" Scaramanga seriously wounds James Bond with his \"tiny golden Derringer\", seconds before Bond kills the thug with five shots from his Walther PPK 7.65 millimeter. J.B. Books, portrayed by John Wayne, in \"The Shootist\" (1976), carried a Remington Derringer with his wallet. A single-shot Colt Derringer was the concealed weapon","title":"Derringer"},{"id":"16588519","text":"Signature weapon A signature weapon (or trademark weapon or weapon of choice) is one commonly identified with a certain group or, in the case of literature, comics, and film, where it is a popular \"trope,\" for both heroes and villains to be associated with and highly proficient in the use of specific weaponry. Examples include Robin Hood's longbow, Don Quixote's jousting lance, a wizard's wand, the Grim Reaper's scythe, the Monkey King's iron rod, a Jedi's lightsaber, William Tell's crossbow, Negan's bat, David's sling and James Bond's Walther PPK. The Colt .45 SAA and Winchester are ubiquitous in Westerns. Signature","title":"Signature weapon"},{"id":"9110943","text":"\"Jimmy\" is a thinly veiled reference to James Bond; hints to this include owning Campion Bond's cigarette case and lighter, his preference for Vodka Martinis, having a scar from the novels, as well as owning James Bond trademark Walther PPK with 007 engraved on it. The names of other characters are shortened or otherwise changed to mask their origins: Mrs. Peel from the \"Avengers\" uses her maiden name throughout the graphic novel (here spelled \"Night\" instead of \"Knight\"), and Billy Bunter is only referred to by his first name. A DC press release confirmed it would not be released outside","title":"The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen: Black Dossier"},{"id":"9285542","text":"adaptation of \"Dr. No\", the first in the series, Boothroyd only offers the PPK and Bond reluctantly turns in his Beretta (a larger M34 standing in for the 418). In reality, Ian Fleming received a fan letter in 1957 from Geoffrey Boothroyd, a Bond enthusiast and gun expert, criticizing the choice of firearm for Bond. Boothroyd called the Beretta \"a lady's gun\" and suggested several alternatives, one of which was the Walther. Fleming thanked Boothroyd by naming the MI6 armorer in \"Dr. No\" after him. Beretta 418 The Beretta M418 is a 6.35 mm (.25 ACP) easily concealed Italian \"pocket","title":"Beretta 418"},{"id":"12887989","text":"pattern of setting Bond in the contemporary timeframe of the 1990s and, according to Jeremy Black, had more echoes of Fleming's style than John Gardner, he also changed Bond's gun back to the Walther PPK, put him behind the wheel of a Jaguar XK8 and made him swear more. James Harker noted that \"whilst Fleming's Bond had been an \"Express\" reader; Benson's is positively red top. He's the first to have group sex ... and the first to visit a prostitute\", whilst Black notes an increased level of crudity lacking in either Fleming or Gardner. In a 1998 interview Benson","title":"James Bond (literary character)"},{"id":"1618208","text":"guns, assault rifles, grenades, and throwing knives, among others. Guns have a finite magazine and must be reloaded after a certain number of shots, but the player may acquire and carry as many weapons as can be found in each mission. The player's initial weapon in most missions is the Walther PPK, called the PP7 special issue in-game. Most of the game's firearms are modelled on real-life counterparts (although their names are altered), while others are based on fictitious devices featured in the \"James Bond\" films, such as the Golden Gun and \"Moonraker\" laser. The weapons vary in characteristics such","title":"GoldenEye 007 (1997 video game)"},{"id":"8421077","text":"were few products available, apart from the soundtrack and paperback book, although Lone Star Toys produced a \"James Bond 007 pistol\" in gold; this differed from the weapon used by Scaramanga in the film as it was little more than a Walther P38 with a silencer fitted. \"The Man with the Golden Gun\" met with mixed reviews upon its release. Derek Malcolm in \"The Guardian\" savaged the film, saying that \"the script is the limpest of the lot and ... Roger Moore as 007 is the last man on earth to make it sound better than it is.\" There was","title":"The Man with the Golden Gun (film)"},{"id":"839329","text":"very nice lady at that! Dare I suggest that Bond should be armed with a .38 or a nine millimetre—let's say a German Walther PPK? That's far more appropriate. Boothroyd's suggestions came too late to be included in \"From Russia, with Love\", but one of his guns—a .38 Smith & Wesson snubnosed revolver modified with one third of the trigger guard removed—was used as the model for Chopping's image. Fleming later thanked Boothroyd by naming the armourer in \"Dr. No\" Major Boothroyd. As with several of his works, Fleming appropriated the names or backgrounds of people he knew or had","title":"From Russia, with Love (novel)"},{"id":"12102737","text":"for the character of James Bond, but not his choice of weapons, particularly the .25 calibre Beretta. Fleming responded to Boothroyd, and their correspondence about weaponry has been reprinted in various places. As a result of the correspondence Fleming gave Bond a Walther PPK pistol in \"Dr. No\" and created a character named \"Major Boothroyd\" in the novel (the real Boothroyd held no such rank). Prior to the correspondence Fleming is reported to have thought the subject of guns to be rather dull and uninteresting. Boothroyd advised Fleming on the use of silencers and suggested various firearms for use by","title":"Geoffrey Boothroyd"},{"id":"10751675","text":"Bond novel and followed the story closely, except in some details. For example, Elektra does not die immediately after Bond shoots her; instead, she begins quietly to sing. The novel also gave the Cigar Girl a name: Giulietta da Vinci, and retained a scene between her and Renard that was cut from theatrical release. Also, Bond is still carrying his Walther PPK instead of the newer P99. The World Is Not Enough (novel) The World Is Not Enough, published in 1999, is the fifth novel by Raymond Benson featuring Ian Fleming's secret agent, James Bond based on the 1999 film","title":"The World Is Not Enough (novel)"},{"id":"208234","text":"although Bond uses a number of pieces of equipment from Q Branch, including the Little Nellie autogyro, a jet pack and the exploding attaché case, the villains are also well-equipped with custom-made devices, including Scaramanga's golden gun, Rosa Klebb's poison-tipped shoes, Oddjob's steel-rimmed bowler hat and Blofeld's communication devices in his agents' vanity case. Cinematically, Bond has been a major influence within the spy genre since the release of \"Dr. No\" in 1962, with 22 secret agent films released in 1966 alone attempting to capitalise on the Bond franchise's popularity and success. The first parody was the 1964 film \"Carry","title":"James Bond"},{"id":"16242503","text":"to conclude her story as she's used every item from around his room to help inspire each \"chapter\". After a suggestion from him, she notices how the stain from a cup of tea she had earlier thrown in anger looks like a Walther PPK, the same kind of gun her favorite literary character James Bond uses, and knows exactly how and where to end her story. Realizing she has no place in society, Joe turns to organized crime and becomes a debt collector, utilizing her extensive knowledge of men, sex, and sadomasochism. She reminisces about a memorable housecall to a","title":"Nymphomaniac (film)"},{"id":"3471016","text":"block, a combination safety/decocker and a loaded chamber indicator. The most common variant is the Walther PPK, a smaller version of the PP with a shorter grip, barrel and frame, and reduced magazine capacity. A new, two-piece wrap-around grip panel construction was used to conceal the exposed back strap. The smaller size made it more concealable than the original PP and hence better suited to plainclothes or undercover work. It was released in 1930. \"PPK\" is an abbreviation for \"Polizeipistole Kriminalmodell\" (detective police pistol). While it's often thought to be \"\"kurz\"\" (German: short) referring to the police pistol with shorter","title":"Walther PP"},{"id":"3020089","text":"Ian Fleming, his countryman, that James Bond's side arm should be a Walther PPK chambered in .32 ACP. A significant factor in recommending this round was its near universal availability throughout the world in the 1950s. The .32 ACP has been chambered in more handguns than any other cartridge. Between 1899 and 1909, Fabrique Nationale produced 500,000 guns chambered for .32 ACP. Adolf Hitler was believed to have committed suicide with his personal .32 ACP Walther PPK, by aiming it at his right temple and pulling the trigger while simultaneously biting down on a cyanide capsule. Heckler & Koch produced","title":".32 ACP"},{"id":"1434478","text":"third worst film, above \"A View to a Kill\" and \"Licence to Kill\", while IGN chose it as the fifth worst. Richards was criticised as not being credible in the role of a nuclear scientist. Bond novelist Raymond Benson wrote his adaptation of \"The World Is Not Enough\" from the film's screenplay. It was Benson's fourth \"Bond\" novel and followed the story closely, but with some details changed. For instance, Elektra sings quietly before her death and Bond still carries his Walther PPK instead of the newer P99. The novel also gave the cigar girl/assassin the name Giulietta da Vinci","title":"The World Is Not Enough"},{"id":"8069450","text":"and the near universal adoption of semi-automatic pistols by American law enforcement in the 1980s, the split-front revolver holster has fallen out of favor with American police forces since the 1980s. A second, and equally well-known version, of the Berns-Martin holster was the company's holster, a shoulder holster also for revolvers that carried them with the muzzles pointed upwards; that is, \"upside down\". It was this holster that was made famous by its inclusion in Ian Fleming's later Bond books, although it was not suited to Bond's Walther semi-auto pistol, causing the company to mark its brochures of the period,","title":"Berns-Martin"},{"id":"16770568","text":"of the Clint Eastwood character, Dirty Harry — was chosen for Moore to use in \"Live and Let Die\" rather than Bond's usual choice of Walther PPK. Spicer says \"Roger Moore re-created Bond as an old-style debonair hero, more polished and sophisticated than Connery's incarnation, using the mocking insouciance he had perfected in his role as Simon Templar ... Moore's humour was a throwaway, and certainly in the later films, verged on self-parody. It was an essential strand in the increasingly tongue-in-cheek direction of the series which became more light-hearted, knowing and playfully intertextual\". Chapman noted that Moore was the","title":"James Bond filmography"},{"id":"8516538","text":"barrel sequence, his initial mission briefing with M, \"Bond girls\", the criminal organisation SPECTRE, narrow escapes, Bond's luck and skill, his signature Walther PPK and the licence to kill, over-ambitious villains, henchmen and allies. Many characteristics of the following Bond films were introduced in \"Dr. No\", ranging from Bond's introduction as \"Bond, James Bond\" (although he seems to be mimicking Sylvia Trench who introduces herself first as \"Trench. Sylvia Trench\"), to his taste for vodka martinis \"shaken, not stirred\", love interests, and weaponry. \"Dr. No\" also establishes the oft-repeated association (in this case, Project Mercury) between the Bond series and","title":"Dr. No (film)"},{"id":"12887987","text":"also updated Bond's firearm: under Gardner, Bond is initially issued with the Browning 9mm before changing to a Heckler & Koch VP70 and then a Heckler & Koch P7. Bond is also revealed to have taken part in the 1982 Falklands War. Gardner updated Fleming's characters and used contemporary political leaders in his novels; he also used the high-tech apparatus of Q Branch from the films, although Jeremy Black observed that Bond is more reliant on technology than his own individual abilities. Gardner's series linked Bond to the Fleming novels rather than the film incarnations and referred to events covered","title":"James Bond (literary character)"},{"id":"2985406","text":"in 1988 by the SA80 and at the same time machine guns were superseded by the Light Support Weapon. Metal caltrops were used at vehicle check points to puncture tyres on cars trying to escape roadblocks. For personal protection off duty, some soldiers were issued with a Walther PP. Major Ken Maginnis acquired permission for some to purchase Browning 9mm pistols at £200 each. These were deemed to be more effective. In the late 1980s PPs were replaced by the Walther P5, considered a more practical weapon because of its size and ballistic capabilities. Any soldier considered to be at","title":"Ulster Defence Regiment"},{"id":"4214183","text":"authorizes Bond to assassinate the gunman —- if he can. Bond catches up with Scaramanga in Jamaica, where Bond pretends to be a freelance security officer, and Scaramanga hires him to guard an upcoming meeting of gangsters. During the meeting, a KGB officer blows Bond's cover, subsequently pitting Scaramanga and Bond in a shootout. Bond wounds Scaramanga, but before he can finish the gunman off, Scaramanga shoots Bond with a poisoned bullet from his backup weapon, a golden Derringer. Bond returns fire with his .32 Walther PPK pistol, killing Scaramanga instantly; soon thereafter, a policeman finds the nearly dead Bond","title":"Francisco Scaramanga"},{"id":"4214193","text":"Scaramanga into coming out in the open to look for Bond with his pistol drawn. Bond then shoots Scaramanga in the heart, killing him. This is the death toll caused by Scaramanga in the film. In addition, Scaramanga is revealed to have been behind the murder of Bill Fairbanks, MI6 Agent 002, in 1969. In Ian Fleming's novel, the Golden Gun was a long-barrelled, gold-plated, single-action Colt Peacemaker .45 calibre revolver that fired silver-jacketed bullets with a gold core. However, in the film, it was a single-shot weapon that fired a custom made 4.2-millimetre golden (23-carat gold with traces of","title":"Francisco Scaramanga"},{"id":"413611","text":"was unreliable, it jammed constantly, and it was dwarfed by the carbine accessories. It was soon replaced by the larger and more-reliable Walther P38. The long magazine was actually a standard magazine with a dummy extension, but it inspired several small-arms manufacturers to begin making long magazines for various pistols. While many of these continue to be available 40 years later, long magazines were not available for the P38 for some years. THRUSH had a range of weaponry of its own, much of then only in the development stage before being destroyed by the heroes. A notable item was the","title":"The Man from U.N.C.L.E."},{"id":"7515929","text":"feature safeties, since they are traditionally carried un-cocked, and the hammer requires the user to physically cock it, unlike a DA/SA gun, which cocks itself every time the slide is cycled. There are many examples of DA/SA semi-automatics, the Walther PPK being the first, followed up by the Walther P38. Modern examples include weapons such as the Beretta 92, among others. Almost all revolvers that are not specified as single-action models are capable of firing in both double- and single-action mode, for example, the Smith & Wesson Model 27, S&W Model 60, the Colt Police Positive, Colt Python, etc. Early","title":"Trigger (firearms)"},{"id":"7515922","text":"chamber (weapons lacking automatic-hold-open feature only). In the late 1930s and early 1940s, Walther introduced the first \"double-action\" semi-automatics, the PPK and P.38 models, which featured a revolver-style \"double-action\" trigger, allowing the weapon to be carried with a round chambered and the hammer lowered. After the first shot, they would fire as single-actions. These double action, or \"double action/single action\", pistols rapidly gained popularity, and the traditional single-action rapidly lost favor, although they still retain a dedicated following. Today, a \"typical\" revolver is a \"double-action\", which can be fired in single action when wished, and the most common form of","title":"Trigger (firearms)"},{"id":"1878923","text":"Bond out of retirement, he orders the military to fire mortars at Bond's mansion when the retired spy refuses to return to duty. The first quarter of the film features Bond's subsequent visit to McTarry Castle in Scotland, on a quest to return the only piece of M's remains recovered after the attack—his bright red toupée. Subsequently, Bond—played by David Niven—becomes the new M and proceeds to order that all MI6 agents, male and female, be renamed \"James Bond 007\" in order to confuse the enemy. In 1983's \"Never Say Never Again\", Edward Fox played M as a bureaucrat, contemptuous","title":"M (James Bond)"},{"id":"208228","text":"No\". Boothroyd also gave Fleming advice on the Berns-Martin triple draw shoulder holster and a number of the weapons used by SMERSH and other villains. In thanks, Fleming gave the MI6 Armourer in his novels the name Major Boothroyd and, in \"Dr. No\", M introduces him to Bond as \"the greatest small-arms expert in the world\". Bond also used a variety of rifles, including the Savage Model 99 in \"For Your Eyes Only\" and a Winchester .308 target rifle in \"The Living Daylights\". Other handguns used by Bond in the Fleming books included the Colt Detective Special and a long-barrelled","title":"James Bond"},{"id":"6282963","text":"is the first time Bond has worn a business suit instead of a tuxedo since Roger Moore's original sequence. Craig shoots one-handed. The gun barrel is placed at the immediate opening of \"Spectre\", the first time since \"Die Another Day\" that a Bond film has opened with the gun barrel. The gun barrel design is similar to that of the original Maurice Binder era and the Pierce Brosnan era, only sharper. Daniel Craig moves at an average speed (again swinging both of his arms as he walks, but this time resulting in his gun being made much more prominently visible),","title":"Gun barrel sequence"},{"id":"4458773","text":"as an \"observer\" (much like McCarter). Following the war, Manning settled down, got married and became an executive of a major import-export firm. The marriage failed, but the business prospered. Because of his wealth, Manning is the most unlikely of the Phoenix Force members. He seems more down to earth than the others, annoyed at McCarter's actions although the two are friends. Manning's weapons of choice are the FN FAL and the Desert Eagle .357 Magnum. In later books he uses the SA80 and the Walther P5. Hailing from the south side of Chicago, James grew up in an environment","title":"Phoenix Force"},{"id":"4214197","text":"player mode (except \"Everything or Nothing\") but golden versions of the game's standard weapon(s) are usually available (such as a golden Walther PPK, P99, and a golden rocket launcher). In \"GoldenEye\", the Golden Gun appears in a special mission. In the mission, the Golden Gun is stolen by Baron Samedi, and Bond needs to defeat Samedi and recover the Golden Gun. Although Samedi isn't killed, Bond escapes with the Golden Gun. The Golden Gun also appears in the video game \"Quantum of Solace\", created by Rare who also created \"GoldenEye 007\"). In \"Quantum of Solace\" the Golden Gun appears to","title":"Francisco Scaramanga"},{"id":"713443","text":"was announced that British actor Ben Whishaw had been cast in the role. Whishaw, aged 31 in 2012, became the youngest actor to play the role. In \"Skyfall\", Q's gadgets were comparatively simple, consisting of a miniaturised radio and a gun coded to Bond's palmprint so only Bond could fire it. Q is demonstrated to be highly knowledgeable on the subject of computer security to the point where he designed some of the most sophisticated security protocols in existence. However, he is also somewhat short-sighted; while engrossed in the puzzle of a security system set up by Raoul Silva, the","title":"Q (James Bond)"},{"id":"4351566","text":"the U.S, as NBC decided to cancel the new series. Fred Dryer later cited \"creative difficulties\" and budget constraints as the reasons for the revival's unexpected end. In the first and for several subsequent seasons, the pistol that Hunter carries is a Heckler and Koch P9S 9mm, with a muzzle compensator attached, as his primary weapon. It is also the pistol in the title introduction. McCall used a stainless .380 Beretta 90 in the first season. The Walther PPK that McCall uses is most likely a Walther PPK/S. Hunter carries a Detonics Pocket 9 semi-automatic 9mm pistol and/or a Smith","title":"Hunter (1984 U.S. TV series)"},{"id":"4214200","text":"the cause of supernumerary nipples in animals is named the \"Scaramanga gene\" based on the character, who has three nipples. Francisco Scaramanga Francisco Scaramanga is a fictional character and the main antagonist in the James Bond novel and film versions of \"The Man with the Golden Gun\". Scaramanga's signature weapon is a golden gun. In the novel, the character is nicknamed \"Pistols\" Scaramanga and is also called \"Paco\" (a Spanish diminutive of Francisco). In the film, the character was played by Christopher Lee (the real-life step-cousin of James Bond creator Ian Fleming). Francisco Scaramanga, of Catalan origin, became a trick","title":"Francisco Scaramanga"},{"id":"15593674","text":"of one boot and the frame hidden in the heel of the other. In \"Judgment in Heaven\" (S01E15; 1965 Dec. 22) of \"The Big Valley\", Jarrod Barkley gives Heath a nickel plated pearl gripped Double Derringer as a Christmas present. Paladin, of \"Have Gun, Will Travel\" (1957 - 1963), kept a Remington Double Derringer behind his gunbelt's buckle. J.B. Books, portrayed by John Wayne, in \"The Shootist\" (1976), carried a Double Derringer by his wallet. In the \"Simpsons\" episode \"Simpsons Tall Tales\" the characters Bart and Nelson are portrayed as Tom Sawyer and Huckleberry Finn. The two start a barroom","title":"Remington Model 95"},{"id":"3465295","text":"to James Bond in a comedic and outlandish style. Flint is initially offered a Walther PPK and an attache case with a concealed throwing knife with Flint dismissing both as \"crude\". During the French strip club sequence, Flint stages a mock brawl with a patron who is identified as Agent 0008, a British secret agent. Flint asks if SPECTRE (the criminal organization in the early Bond movies) is involved, to which Agent 0008 replies, \"It's bigger than SPECTRE!\" The actor playing the role is similar in appearance to Sean Connery. Later in the film, Gila is shown reading a 0008","title":"Our Man Flint"},{"id":"8421046","text":"The Man with the Golden Gun (film) The Man with the Golden Gun is a 1974 British spy film, the ninth in the \"James Bond\" series produced by Eon Productions, and the second to star Roger Moore as the fictional MI6 agent James Bond. A loose adaptation of Ian Fleming's novel of the same name, the film has Bond sent after the Solex Agitator, a device that can harness the power of the sun, while facing the assassin Francisco Scaramanga, the \"Man with the Golden Gun\". The action culminates in a duel between them that settles the fate of the","title":"The Man with the Golden Gun (film)"},{"id":"6596059","text":"slightly romantically inclined towards her. He also befriends the United States President's right-hand man, Blake Johnson, and famous London gangsters Harry Salter and his nephew Billy Salter. Dillon's favourite handgun is a Walther PPK with Carswell silencer and his favourite rifle is an AK-47. His preferred explosive is Semtex. His favorite 'hide-out' gun is a 25 Colt strapped to his ankle. Dillon's drink of choice is Non-vintage Krug Champagne, due to the grape mix, and his second drink of choice is Bushmills Irish whiskey. Sean Dillon (character) Sean Dillon is a fictional Irish character who is the hero of a","title":"Sean Dillon (character)"},{"id":"2285469","text":"make pistols. Models 1 to 5 and 7 to 9 were in calibers .25 ACP (6.35mm) and .32 ACP (7.65mm). The Model 6 was Walther's first attempt at a 9mm Luger pistol. It used blowback rather than a locked breech and proved unsuccessful, with only around 1,000 made. Its rarity has made it highly sought after on the collectors market. In 1929 they began to make the popular Walther PP \"Polizeipistole\" (police pistol) models. This was followed in 1931 by the first of the PPKs (\"Polizeipistole Kriminalmodell\", or Police Pistol Detective Model). Both PP and PPKs were manufactured in .22","title":"Carl Walther GmbH"},{"id":"4214179","text":"Francisco Scaramanga Francisco Scaramanga is a fictional character and the main antagonist in the James Bond novel and film versions of \"The Man with the Golden Gun\". Scaramanga's signature weapon is a golden gun. In the novel, the character is nicknamed \"Pistols\" Scaramanga and is also called \"Paco\" (a Spanish diminutive of Francisco). In the film, the character was played by Christopher Lee (the real-life step-cousin of James Bond creator Ian Fleming). Francisco Scaramanga, of Catalan origin, became a trick shot and performed in acts in a circus owned by his father Enrico while a youngster. He also cared for","title":"Francisco Scaramanga"},{"id":"208232","text":"changed dramatically with the films. However, the effects of the two Eon-produced Bond films \"Dr. No\" and \"From Russia with Love\" had an effect on the novel \"The Man with the Golden Gun\", through the increased number of devices used in Fleming's final story. For the film adaptations of Bond, the pre-mission briefing by Q Branch became one of the motifs that ran through the series. \"Dr. No\" provided no spy-related gadgets, but a Geiger counter was used; industrial designer Andy Davey observed that the first ever onscreen spy-gadget was the attaché case shown in \"From Russia with Love\", which","title":"James Bond"},{"id":"1572177","text":"of choice is a \"kongo\" or yawara stick and as for firearms she begins by preferring the Colt .32 revolver and Mab Brevete .32 ACP auto pistol, although in later books she switches to carrying a Star PD .45 auto pistol. Willie's preferred weapon is the throwing knife, of which he usually carries two. Many other strange weapons (such as the quarterstaff, épée, blowgun, and sling) and unexpected fighting techniques are also featured. In keeping with the \"floating timeline\" spirit of other long-running comic strip and literary characters, Modesty and Willie generally do not age over the decades, with Modesty","title":"Modesty Blaise"},{"id":"687348","text":"Uzi in the mid 1990s and replaced it with the H&K MP5. The Secret Service was the last Federal agency to use the Uzi. The Counter-Assault Team used the M4 carbine from the early 1990s until 2006. The current sidearm for USSS agents is the SIG Sauer P229 chambered in .357 SIG (which entered service in 1999). Agents and officers are trained on standard shoulder weapons that include the FN P90 submachine gun, the 9mm Heckler & Koch MP5 submachine gun, and the 12-gauge Remington 870 shotgun. The agency has initiated a procurement process to ultimately replace the MP5 with","title":"United States Secret Service"},{"id":"3471013","text":"Walther PP The Walther PP (\"Polizeipistole\", or police pistol) series pistols are blowback-operated semi-automatic pistols, developed by the German arms manufacturer Carl Walther GmbH Sportwaffen. It features an exposed hammer, a traditional double-action trigger mechanism, a single-column magazine, and a fixed barrel that also acts as the guide rod for the recoil spring. The series includes the Walther PP, PPK, PPK/S, and PPK/E models. The Walther TPH pocket pistol is a smaller calibre pistol introduced in 1971 identical in handling and operation to the PPK. Various PP series are manufactured in Germany, France, and the United States. In the past,","title":"Walther PP"},{"id":"4266510","text":"Holmes's amanuensis, narrates the story. M and Bond visit Holmes and Watson at Holmes's Baker Street address. Holmes's deductive abilities impress M who wishes Bond had the same ability. Bond questions if such intuitive talents could hold up against a Smersh assassin. Bond confronts Holmes about the latter's drug addiction and accuses Watson of being the source of Holmes's narcotics supplier. Once Holmes admits it, Bond aims his Walther PPF [sic] at Watson and announces that Watson is an imposter and none other than Bond's arch-enemy Ernst Stavro Blofeld - the man who killed Bond's bride. Holmes throughout the meeting","title":"James Bond uncollected and other miscellaneous short stories"},{"id":"2113628","text":"of choice being changed from the Walther PPK to the Walther P99. Benson said in an interview that he felt \"Tomorrow Never Dies\" was the best of the three novelisations he wrote. The film was also adapted into a third-person shooter PlayStation video game, \"Tomorrow Never Dies\". The game was developed by Black Ops and published by Electronic Arts on 16 November 1999. Game Revolution described it as \"really just an empty and shallow game\", and IGN said it was \"mediocre\". Tomorrow Never Dies Tomorrow Never Dies is a 1997 British spy film, the eighteenth entry in the \"James Bond\"","title":"Tomorrow Never Dies"},{"id":"404814","text":"training. A fellow taxi driver refers him to an illegal gun dealer, \"Easy\" Andy, from whom Travis buys four handguns (A Smith & Wesson Model 29, a Smith & Wesson Model 36, a Smith & Wesson Model 61, which is referred to as a \"Colt .25\", and an Astra Constable, meant as a stand-in for a .380 Walther PPK). At home, Travis practices drawing his weapons, and modifies the Model 61 to allow him to hide and quickly deploy it from his sleeve. He also begins attending Palantine's rallies to scope out their security. One night, Travis enters a convenience","title":"Taxi Driver"},{"id":"9667219","text":"shotguns and his favorite derringer, \"Betsy\". There is also a reference in the 1973 film \"Cahill U.S. Marshal\" where Wayne is in a box car with several prisoners and one says, \"You're not going to leave that old Greener on cock are you?\". In the \"Blood Bond\" book series by William W. Johnstone, most shotguns and sporting guns are referred to as Greeners. In the 1975 classic \"Jaws\", Robert Shaw's Quint character uses a modified Greener Mk.II harpoon gun. Teasdale-Buckle, G.T., \"Experts on Guns and Shooting\", Sampson Low, Marston & Co. Greener, William Wellington, \"The Gun and Its Development, Ninth","title":"W. W. Greener"},{"id":"2107563","text":"before entering Fort Knox. The fourth time, as Bond electrocutes him in Fort Knox, he yells out a final long, loud \"Arrgh!\". Oddjob acts as Goldfinger's personal chauffeur, bodyguard and golf caddy. He wears a Sandringham hat (unlike in the novel, where he wore a bowler) with a sharpened steel rim, using it as a lethal weapon in the style of a chakram or a flying guillotine. It was shown to be very powerful, capable of cutting through steel and decapitating a stone statue. He later uses it to kill Tilly Masterson by breaking her neck. Physically, Oddjob is extremely","title":"Oddjob"},{"id":"15693365","text":"catwalk in a dam, eventually knocking him off. Rak pleads for mercy, but Bond has already deduced who Rak's employer is. Bond leaves Rak to fall to his death, only for Rak to land on top of his Osprey. Bond shoots Rak, causing him to fire his rocket-propelled grenade into the Osprey, destroying it with Rak still on it. Back in Monaco, Nicole is revealed to be the one who kidnapped Tedworth and is planning another kidnapping. She drives off in her Koenigsegg CCXR and Bond follows her, in his Aston Martin DBS V12, ultimately cornering her on the Millau","title":"James Bond 007: Blood Stone"},{"id":"1992496","text":"Bond is given a chance to again prove his worth as a member of the 00 section following the assassination attempt. M sends Bond to Jamaica and gives him the seemingly impossible mission of killing Francisco \"Pistols\" Scaramanga, a Cuban assassin who is believed to have killed several British secret agents. Scaramanga is known as \"The Man with the Golden Gun\" because his weapon of choice is a gold-plated Colt .45 revolver, which fires silver-jacketed solid-gold bullets. Bond locates Scaramanga in a Jamaican bordello and manages to become his temporary personal assistant under the name \"Mark Hazard\". He learns that","title":"The Man with the Golden Gun (novel)"},{"id":"2792583","text":"\"The Hardy Boys\", another American television show which was unknown in Britain. This time the model failed to sell, making it extremely rare today. A Ford Mustang Mach 1 (391) and the \"Moon Buggy\" (802) from the film \"Diamonds Are Forever\" were issued in 1972, and the Lotus Esprit (269) in 'underwater' mode from \"The Spy Who Loved Me\" in 1977. A rocket-firing 'Stromberg' Bell JetRanger helicopter (926) from the same film was added in 1978. The Space Shuttle (649) from the Bond movie \"Moonraker\" appeared in 1979 along with a 'Drax' JetRanger helicopter (930) from the same film. A","title":"Corgi Toys"},{"id":"16451643","text":"equip gadgets to enhance their abilities, such as the Fast Switch gadget which halves the time it takes to switch weapons. Scenarios revealed are Conflict, Golden Gun, You Only Live Twice, Escalation, Data Miner, Team Conflict, Icarus and Black Box. The game begins with the opening chase sequence in \"Skyfall\", in which MI6 agent James Bond (likeness of Daniel Craig, voice of Timothy Watson) pursues the mercenary Patrice in Istanbul, only to be accidentally shot and wounded aboard a train by his partner Eve Moneypenny. Plunging into the river below, Bond begins to flash back to several of his previous","title":"007 Legends"},{"id":"6282949","text":"white until \"Casino Royale\" (2006). It is also the last gun barrel sequence in which Bond wears a hat. With the introduction of Roger Moore, and the use of a 1.85:1 matted aspect ratio, a fourth sequence was shot. It was used for just two films: \"Live and Let Die\" and \"The Man with the Golden Gun\". Moore wears a business suit and, unlike Simmons, Connery and Lazenby, uses both hands instead of one hand to fire his gun, his left hand bracing his gun arm. This is the first gun barrel sequence in which Bond is not wearing a","title":"Gun barrel sequence"},{"id":"348790","text":"jammed by excessive dirt or debris. Over the long period of development of the revolver, many calibers have been used. Some of these have proved more durable during periods of standardization and some have entered general public awareness. Among these are the .22 rimfire, a caliber popular for target shooting and teaching novice shooters; .38 Special and .357 Magnum, known for police use; the .44 Magnum, famous from Clint Eastwood's \"Dirty Harry\" films; and the .45 Colt, used in the Colt revolver of the Wild West. Introduced in 2003, the Smith & Wesson Model 500 is one of the most","title":"Revolver"},{"id":"208231","text":"is the silver grey Aston Martin DB5, first seen in \"Goldfinger\"; it later featured in \"Thunderball\", \"GoldenEye\", \"Tomorrow Never Dies\", \"Casino Royale\", \"Skyfall\" and \"Spectre\". The films have used a number of different Aston Martins for filming and publicity, one of which was sold in January 2006 at an auction in the US for $2,1 million to an unnamed European collector. In 2010, another DB5 used in Goldfinger was sold at auction for $4.6m million (£2.6 million). Fleming's novels and early screen adaptations presented minimal equipment such as the booby-trapped attaché case in \"From Russia, with Love\", although this situation","title":"James Bond"},{"id":"6835978","text":"location became the standard in such future weapons as the Walther PP and Russian Makarov. The Model 1910 incorporated the standard Browning striker-firing mechanism and a grip safety along with a magazine safety and an external safety lever (known as the \"triple safety\") in a compact package. It was offered in both .32 ACP (8-shot) and .380 ACP (7-shot) calibers, it remained in production until 1983. It is possible to switch calibres by changing only the barrel. The Colt Detective Special is a carbon steel framed double-action, snubnosed, 6-shot revolver. As the name \"Detective Special\" suggests, this model revolver was","title":"Pocket pistol"},{"id":"12102738","text":"Bond and other characters. Boothroyd provided illustrator Richard Chopping with his own .38 Smith & Wesson snubnosed revolver, modified with one third of the trigger guard removed, to meet Fleming's wish for a design incorporating a pistol and a rose for the first edition cover of \"From Russia, with Love\". Boothroyd had to assist the police with their enquiries when a similar weapon was used in a triple murder in Glasgow explaining that his weapon had been posted to Ian Fleming for a book cover. Peter Manuel was later arrested, convicted and executed for the murder. In the first Bond","title":"Geoffrey Boothroyd"},{"id":"11979886","text":"the \"Monitor\" television arts' series, \"A House in Bayswater\" (1960), and \"Watch the Birdie\" (1963). In 1965 he became associated with Magnum Photos and became a full member in 1967. In 1963, Hurn was commissioned by the producers of the James Bond films to shoot a series of stills with Sean Connery and the actresses of \"From Russia with Love\". When the theatrical property Walther PPK pistol didn't arrive, Hurn volunteered the use of his own Walther LP-53 air pistol. The pistol became a symbol of James Bond on many film posters of the series. In 1967 Dino de Laurentiis","title":"David Hurn"},{"id":"18424756","text":"Training\". This grants the character a +1 damage bonus per level when using one of two specified weapons in combat. For instance, a character with Weapons can take K-Bar knife and Tonfa baton and a character with Shooting can take Walther PPK pistol and Hecker & Koch MP5 submachine gun. The bonus applies to only that specific make and model of weapon (e.g., a .38-caliber Smith & Wesson M10 revolver rather than all .38-caliber revolvers in general). However, it is also not limited to just \"a\" weapon in particular – like an uncle's old service pistol or your grandmother's heirloom","title":"Night's Black Agents (role-playing game)"},{"id":"9167159","text":"the user to see the number of unfired rounds remaining; the “guttersnipe”—a gun sight designed for close range combat; and a “forefinger grip”—today a standard feature on the trigger guard of many modern handguns. Theodore’s ASP was the first successful service caliber handgun in pocket pistol size. Its arrival inspired a cottage industry of gunsmiths producing unauthorized versions of the weapon, in addition to the authorized factory version from Theodore's ASP Inc. In 1970, the ASP was featured in \"The Handgun\", by Glaswegian gun expert Geoffrey Boothroyd. Boothroyd, the inspiration for “Q,” the technologically inventive character who outfitted James Bond","title":"Paris Theodore"},{"id":"6244052","text":"ongoing operation called \"Smiert Spionom\" (meaning \"Death to Spies\" in Russian). Actually, it is Koskov and Whitaker's men, especially their special henchman Necros, who are involved in killing the British agents. After thwarting Whitaker's plans in Afghanistan, Bond returns to Tangier to hunt him down at his Tangier headquarters and kills him after a game of cat-and-mouse in his gaming room, with him using high-tech weapons, such as an 80-round light machine gun rifle with an integral ballistic shield, a bulletproof vest and a loaded antique battlefield cannon, while Bond has only his 8-round Walther PPK, which Whitaker calls a","title":"Brad Whitaker"},{"id":"6868347","text":"\"Quantum of Solace\" drinking bottled beer when meeting with Felix Leiter in a Bolivian bar. In \"Die Another Day\", Bond drinks a mojito. In \"Casino Royale\", Bond orders Mount Gay Rum with soda. In that film, he also invents the famous \"Vesper\" cocktail—a variation on a martini—originally included in the novel but not seen in the films until the reboot. In \"Skyfall\", the villain Raoul Silva says he believes 50-year-old Macallan single malt whisky to be one of Bond's favourites. Also in \"Goldfinger\" during a briefing on the villain, their host offers a refill with, \"Have a little more of","title":"Shaken, not stirred"},{"id":"3398570","text":"in the Korean War, Mannix attended Western Pacific University on the GI Bill, graduated in 1955, and obtained his private investigator's license in 1956. He is a black belt in karate. Throughout the series, he appears proficient in a variety of athletic pursuits, including sailing, horseback riding, and skiing. He is an accomplished pool player, golfs regularly, and is also a skilled airplane pilot. In the first season, he carries a Walther PP semiautomatic pistol. From the second season on, Mannix carries a Colt Detective Special snubnosed revolver in .38 Special caliber. In 1971, Connors guest-starred on an episode of","title":"Mannix"},{"id":"9138502","text":"trucks and motorcycles (with sidecars). These battalions were equipped with motorcycles and sidecars, Kübelwagen, field cars such as the Horch 4x4 and 3 ton Opel Blitz lorries and a small number of armoured vehicles as a means of transport. Personal weapons consisted of small arms such as the Walther PP which was designed as a civilian police pistol (PP Polizei-Pistole) or the Walther PPK both of which were favoured by officers whereas the Luger P08 and Walther P38 were used by other ranks. Automatic machine pistols were carried by NCOs and the Mauser Karabiner 98k rifle was issued but was","title":"Feldgendarmerie"},{"id":"3471027","text":"again at their new US manufacturing plant in Fort Smith, Arkansas. Walther PP The Walther PP (\"Polizeipistole\", or police pistol) series pistols are blowback-operated semi-automatic pistols, developed by the German arms manufacturer Carl Walther GmbH Sportwaffen. It features an exposed hammer, a traditional double-action trigger mechanism, a single-column magazine, and a fixed barrel that also acts as the guide rod for the recoil spring. The series includes the Walther PP, PPK, PPK/S, and PPK/E models. The Walther TPH pocket pistol is a smaller calibre pistol introduced in 1971 identical in handling and operation to the PPK. Various PP series are","title":"Walther PP"},{"id":"15940309","text":"amongst others. Bond's most famous car is the silver grey Aston Martin DB5, first seen in \"Goldfinger\"; it later featured in \"Thunderball\", \"GoldenEye\", \"Tomorrow Never Dies\", \"Casino Royale\", \"Skyfall\" and \"Spectre\". The films have used a number of different Aston Martins for filming and publicity, one of which was sold in January 2006 at an auction in the US for $2,090,000 to an unnamed European collector. Bond also shows his taste for aircraft: a gyrocopter—\"Little Nellie\"—features in \"You Only Live Twice\", a Cessna 185 Seaplane in \"Licence to Kill\", an Acrostar Jet in \"Octopussy\", the Space Shuttle in \"Moonraker\" and","title":"Motifs in the James Bond film series"},{"id":"7333446","text":"of Champagne for 10 years. The winemaker has also used the popular James Bond film series as a marketing device. In the 1973 film \"Live and Let Die\", James Bond (played by Roger Moore) is heard asking for a bottle of Bollinger after entering his hotel. In the 1985 film \"A View to a Kill\", James Bond recognizes the champagne served at the top of the Eiffel Tower as \"Bollinger, [19]75.\" In the 1987 film \"The Living Daylights\", James Bond (played by Timothy Dalton) delivers a gift basket to General Koskov who, seeing the champagne, exclaims \"Bollinger R.D...The Best!\" In","title":"Bollinger"},{"id":"6282950","text":"hat. Additional footage of this sequence was shot of Bond walking straight towards the camera, putting his face into view, seen in the theatrical trailer. The dots that start the gun barrel in \"The Man with the Golden Gun\" are blue but in subsequent releases the dots are white. The anamorphic format was reinstated for \"The Spy Who Loved Me\", necessitating a fifth version of the sequence. Moore's Bond wears a dinner suit (tuxedo) rather than a business suit and again uses both hands to fire his gun. This rendering would feature in all Moore's subsequent films in the series,","title":"Gun barrel sequence"},{"id":"3800827","text":"mildly popular among shooters for many years after its introduction, but did not come to the attention of the general public until 1971, when it was prominently featured in the American feature film \"Dirty Harry\" starring Clint Eastwood. In one of the classic lines in cinema, titular character Harry Callahan describes his Smith & Wesson Model 29 as \"the most powerful handgun in the world\". Although not strictly true (the more powerful wildcat .454 Casull was announced in 1959), the .44 Magnum was the most powerful then in production. Demand for the Model 29 increased so much that they were","title":".44 Magnum"},{"id":"9855917","text":"the shooter). In blowback-type semi-automatics, the recoil force is used to push the slide back and eject the shell (if any) so that the magazine spring can push another round up; then as the slide returns, it chambers the round. An example of a modern blow back action semi-automatic pistol is the Walther PPK. Blowback pistols are some of the more simply designed handguns. Many semi-automatic pistols today operate on a short-recoil operated locked-breech design. This design is often coupled with the Browning type tilting barrel. An example of this type of pistol could be a Glock 17. Pistol A","title":"Pistol"},{"id":"7695511","text":"series, \"Colt .45\". That same year, he was cast as Jed Hammer in the episode \"Trail's End\" of the ABC/WB western series, \"Sugarfoot\", starring Will Hutchins. Keach was cast in 1957 and 1958 in five episodes of the NBC western series, \"The Californians\" as Bill Coleman. Keach is probably best known for his role as Carlson in the NBC sitcom, \"Get Smart\". Carlson, a CONTROL scientist, was the inventor of such gadgets as an umbrella rifle (with a high-speed camera in the handle) and edible buttons -- a parody of Q, who holds a similar position in the James Bond","title":"Stacy Keach Sr."},{"id":"3471021","text":"and the PPK are offered in the following calibers: .32 ACP (with capacities of 8 for PPK/S and 7 for PPK); or .380 ACP (PPK/S: 7; PPK: 6). The PPK/S is also offered in .22 LR with capacity of 10 rounds. In the 1960s, Walther produced the PPK-L, which was a light-weight variant of the PPK. The PPK-L differed from the standard, all steel PPK in that it had an aluminium alloy frame. These were only chambered in 7.65mm Browning (.32 ACP) and .22 LR because of the increase in felt recoil from the lighter weight of the gun. All","title":"Walther PP"},{"id":"7009937","text":"grips on surviving examples. All original grips featured \"SUS\" lettering standing for \"Sauer und Sohn\" which could be found on the same side of the pistol as the magazine release though many reproduction grips have copied this logo. It is unusual for a present-day example to have original, undamaged grips. The Sauer 38H was produced mainly for the .32 ACP cartridge, however some rare examples were also made in .380 ACP and .22 LR. The model 38H was used by German armed forces such as the Luftwaffe, as well as police forces in numbers nearly equal to the Walther PPK.","title":"Sauer 38H"},{"id":"4351567","text":"& Wesson Model 36 .38 Special snub-nosed revolver as his back-up weapons. During the first two seasons, Hunter used a Desert Eagle in .44 Magnum and McCall used a Walther PPK in .32 ACP. In several episodes, a Franchi SPAS 12 12-gauge shotgun was kept in the trunk of Hunter's car. During the second season for a few episodes, Rick Hunter used a Ruger Speed Six in .357 magnum (2½\" barrel). During one episode of the second season, Rick Hunter used a Smith & Wesson Model 10 revolver in .38 Special. During seasons three and four, Hunter carries an Astra","title":"Hunter (1984 U.S. TV series)"},{"id":"6835979","text":"used as a concealed weapon by plainclothes police detectives. It's was made with either a 2\" or 3\" barrels. Introduced in 1927, the Detective Special was the first snubnosed revolvers produced with a modern swing-out frame. It was designed from the outset to be chambered for higher-powered cartridges such as the .38 Special, considered to be a powerful caliber for a concealable pocket revolver of the day. The Walther PP (\"Polizeipistole\", or police pistol) series pistols were introduced in 1929 and are among the world's first successful double action, blowback-operated semi-automatic pistols, developed by the German arms manufacturer Carl Walther","title":"Pocket pistol"},{"id":"11123599","text":"never killed Dracula. The version of Rome shown in the book is heavily influenced by Italian filmmaker Federico Fellini. As always in the series, the novel contains a number of characters from other fictional works, though due to copyright restrictions some are not named or are given aliases. Some of these identity shifts are quite clear (such as the character of Commander Hamish Bond, who has a fondness for martinis, drives an Aston Martin, carries a Walther PPK, has the Scots version of the name \"James\" for his name, and gets to say \"the bitch is dead.\"), while some are","title":"Dracula Cha Cha Cha"},{"id":"5090894","text":"later continuation series by John Gardner. In 1965, Kingsley Amis wrote \"The Book of Bond or Every Man His Own 007\", a tongue-in-cheek manual for prospective secret agents, illustrated with examples from Fleming's novels. For this work, Amis used the pseudonym \"Lt. Colonel William ('Bill') Tanner\". In \"The Man with the Golden Gun\", Bill Tanner is only seen briefly in the film and is not mentioned by name until the end credits. He appears in M's office with M and Colthorpe, discussing Francisco Scaramanga, who has sent a bullet to MI6 printed with Bond's ID number. He explains Scaramanga's fingerprints","title":"Bill Tanner"},{"id":"3471022","text":"other features of the postwar production PPK (brown plastic grips with Walther banner, high polished blue finish, lanyard loop, loaded chamber indicator, 7+1 magazine capacity and overall length) were the same on the PPK-L. First marketed in 1972, this was an all-steel variant of the PP chambered for the 9×18mm Ultra cartridge. Designed as a police service pistol, it was a blowback operated, double-action pistol with an external slide-stop lever and a firing-pin safety. A manual decocker lever was on the left side of the slide; when pushed down, it locked the firing pin and released the hammer. When the","title":"Walther PP"},{"id":"3605672","text":"V (the letter) in \"Icebreaker\". They return in a larger role in \"No Deals, Mr. Bond\", renamed Department Eight, Directorate S, a KGB sub-section. In the film series, Bond's archenemy became SPECTRE, which first appeared in Fleming's novel \"Thunderball\" (1961). SPECTRE is introduced in the first film, \"Dr. No\" (1962), in which Julius No explains to Bond that it is the acronym for the \"SPecial Executive for Counterintelligence, Terrorism, Revenge, and Extortion\", the four great cornerstones of power. Film versions of novels where SMERSH appears substituted either SPECTRE or independent villains. Although twice referred to, SMERSH never appears in the","title":"SMERSH (James Bond)"},{"id":"1992499","text":"pursues him. Scaramanga lulls Bond off-guard and shoots him with a golden derringer hidden in his palm. Bond is hit but returns fire and shoots Scaramanga several times, killing him at last. As Bond recuperates in hospital, he receives word from M that he is being considered for a knighthood. Bond turns down the offer, reflecting that any sort of public recognition would interfere with his duties in the Secret Service. The central character of the novel is James Bond. In \"The Man with the Golden Gun\", he appears with a different personality from the previous stories and is robot-like,","title":"The Man with the Golden Gun (novel)"},{"id":"15360469","text":"are often juxtaposed against compassion and a fairy-tale atmosphere. For protection and hunting, Kino carries a .44 single action revolver (called \"the Cannon\", based on a Colt M1851) that uses liquid explosives in place of gunpowder and a .22 automatic pistol (named \"the Woodsman\", based on a Colt Woodsman). Later in Kino's adventures in the novels, Kino also uses a pump action shotgun (based on a Winchester M1897) and a semi-automatic sniper rifle (called \"the Flute\", based on an M14 rifle), along with a variety of other tools, including knives. In the anime, Kino is shown to carry no fewer","title":"Kino's Journey"},{"id":"9593128","text":"rapidly under fire. In addition to Walther PP pistols (later replaced with .357 magnum Ruger Speed Six revolvers, which were reckoned to have more 'stopping power' than the standard Walther) and batons, each constable carried either a Stirling sub-machine gun, an Ruger 14 Carbine, or a 7.62 mm SLR rifle. A few officers were issued with Lee-Enfield sniper-rifles with telescopic sights, converted to use 7.62 mm ammunition.. The six-man teams were trained in special weapons and tactics (SWAT) techniques. The SPG was the closest thing the RUC had to a dedicated anti-paramilitary unit in the earlier days of the Troubles.","title":"Special Patrol Group (RUC)"},{"id":"2113627","text":"taking over his business. The novel also attempts to merge Benson's series with the films, particularly by continuing a middle-of-the-road approach to John Gardner's continuity. Notably it includes a reference to the film version of \"You Only Live Twice\" where he states that Bond was lying to Miss Moneypenny when he said he had taken a course in Asian languages. \"Tomorrow Never Dies\" also mentions Felix Leiter, although it states that Leiter had worked for Pinkertons Detective Agency, which is thus exclusive to the literary series. Subsequent Bond novels by Benson were affected by \"Tomorrow Never Dies\", specifically Bond's weapon","title":"Tomorrow Never Dies"},{"id":"8317366","text":"which has remained a New York institution ever since. In 1934 (the year after Prohibition ended), bartender Fernand Petiot invented a drink at the St. Regis which he called the \"Red Snapper\". It has since become known around the world as the Bloody Mary and is the King Cole Bar's signature drink. In the Ian Fleming novel \"Live and Let Die\", James Bond stays at the St. Regis and has a drink with Felix Leiter in the King Cole Bar. In the 1972 movie \"The Godfather\", Willie Cicci has a shave in the St. Regis barbershop just before he assassinates","title":"St. Regis New York"},{"id":"6282962","text":"Solace\", the blood is dark red and runs down the frame in rivulets. However, Bond moves across the screen substantially slower (at a similar speed to the pre-\"Casino Royale\" sequences). Unlike all previous gun barrel openings, Craig swings both his arms as he walks, resulting in a partial glimpse of his gun before he turns to fire. After the blood runs down the frame, the screen fades to black, before being replaced by a title card with a small gun barrel logo celebrating fifty years of Bond films and the text \"James Bond Will Return\" underneath. This gun barrel sequence","title":"Gun barrel sequence"},{"id":"8542108","text":"indexing system which allows the suppressor to be reoriented in a number of different rotational positions, allowing the end user to fine-tune the weapon's point of aim. Some pistols which are blowback, delayed blowback or gas operated have fixed, i.e., non-moving barrels, which do not benefit from a Nielsen device. Examples of such pistols are : the H&K P7 and P9, Walther PP/PPK, Korth PRS, Korriphila HSP701, Makarov, CZ 82 and others. In certain cases, spacers can be used to allow the use of a Nielsen device-equipped suppressor on a fixed-barrel pistol. Some blank firing adapters (BFAs) act as recoil","title":"Muzzle booster"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"id\": \"17010388\",\n \"text\": \"Hatcher after realising she was pregnant and was late for that reason. \\\"Tomorrow Never Dies\\\" marked the first appearance of the Walther P99 as Bond's pistol. It replaced the Walther PPK that the character had carried in every Eon Bond film since of \\\"Dr. No\\\" in 1962, with the exception of \\\"Moonraker\\\" in which Bond was not seen with a pistol. Walther wanted to debut its new firearm in a Bond film, which had been one of its most visible endorsers. Previously the P5 was introduced in \\\"Octopussy\\\". Bond would use the P99 until Daniel Craig reverted to the PPK\",\n \"title\": \"Filming of James Bond in the 1990s\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"208229\",\n \"text\": \"Colt .45 Army Special. The first Bond film, \\\"Dr. No\\\", saw M ordering Bond to leave his Beretta behind and take up the Walther PPK, which the film Bond used in eighteen films. In \\\"Tomorrow Never Dies\\\" and the two subsequent films, Bond's main weapon was the Walther P99 semi-automatic pistol. In the early Bond stories Fleming gave Bond a battleship-grey Bentley Litre with an Amherst Villiers supercharger. After Bond's car was written off by Hugo Drax in \\\"Moonraker\\\", Fleming gave Bond a Mark II Continental Bentley, which he used in the remaining books of the series. During \\\"Goldfinger\\\", Bond\",\n \"title\": \"James Bond\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"713434\",\n \"text\": \"directly involved in Bond's missions occur in \\\"Octopussy\\\", in which Q actually participates in field work, including the final battle against the villain's henchmen, and \\\"Licence to Kill\\\" in which he joins Bond in the field after 007 goes rogue. In the first film, \\\"Dr. No\\\", Boothroyd is played by Peter Burton in only one scene in which he replaces Bond's .25 ACP Beretta 418 pistol with the signature .32 Walther PPK handgun. He is referred to by M as \\\"the armourer,\\\" and later as Major Boothroyd. Scheduling conflicts prevented Burton from reprising the role in \\\"From Russia with Love\\\",\",\n \"title\": \"Q (James Bond)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9167160\",\n \"text\": \"with his lifesaving gadgets, would, in turn, later inspire Ian Fleming’s successor, John Gardner, to replace Bond’s renowned Walther PPK as 007’s weapon of choice. Beginning with 1984’s \\\"Role of Honor\\\", the ASP would go on to be featured in 11 James Bond novels. James Bond expert James McMahon would later write: “If Bond were a gun, he'd be the ASP. Dark, deadly, perfectly suited to his mission.” In 1980, Theodore formed Techpak, a company created to market a combat handgun shooting technique he had developed called “Quell.” The Quell system included a realistic depiction of close quarter combat, a\",\n \"title\": \"Paris Theodore\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4216392\",\n \"text\": \"the films also carry over into Benson's continuation. M, for instance, is not Sir Miles Messervy, but the female M that was first introduced in the film \\\"GoldenEye\\\" (1995), although Gardner also introduced this character in his novelisation of that film and retained the character through his final novel \\\"COLD\\\" (1996). Bond also reverts to using his trusty Walther PPK, claiming he had switched to other guns (notably the ASP in Gardner's later novels), but felt that it was time he used it again. The follow-up to \\\"Zero Minus Ten\\\", the novelization to \\\"Tomorrow Never Dies\\\" has Bond switching to\",\n \"title\": \"Zero Minus Ten\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2113617\",\n \"text\": \"creative argy-bargy\\\", with Spottiswoode saying \\\"It has all been made up...Nothing important really went wrong.\\\" Spottiswoode did not return to direct the next film; he said the producers asked him, but he was too tired. Apparently, Brosnan and Hatcher feuded briefly during filming due to her arriving late onto the set one day. The matter was quickly resolved though and Brosnan apologised to Hatcher after realising she was pregnant and was late for that reason. \\\"Tomorrow Never Dies\\\" marked the first appearance of the Walther P99 as Bond's pistol. It replaced the Walther PPK that the character had carried in\",\n \"title\": \"Tomorrow Never Dies\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"208227\",\n \"text\": \"360 and PlayStation 3 under the title \\\"\\\". In October 2012 \\\"007 Legends\\\" was released, which featured one mission from each of the Bond actors of the Eon Productions' series. For the first five novels, Fleming armed Bond with a Beretta 418 until he received a letter from a thirty-one-year-old Bond enthusiast and gun expert, Geoffrey Boothroyd, criticising Fleming's choice of firearm for Bond, calling it \\\"a lady's gun – and not a very nice lady at that!\\\" Boothroyd suggested that Bond should swap his Beretta for a Walther PPK 7.65mm and this exchange of arms made it to \\\"Dr.\",\n \"title\": \"James Bond\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15940307\",\n \"text\": \"Bond\\\" actors. Llewelyn's first film was the second in the Eon series, \\\"From Russia with Love\\\", after the actor who played the part in \\\"Dr. No\\\", Peter Burton, was unavailable for the filming schedule. (Burton's character was not yet called Q, but \\\"the Armourer\\\", Major Boothroyd, who instructed Bond on a new firearm, the Walther PPK.) After appearing as Q's assistant in \\\"The World Is Not Enough\\\", John Cleese appeared as Q in Pierce Brosnan's last film, \\\"Die Another Day\\\". For Daniel Craig's third film, \\\"Skyfall\\\", the character was re-introduced, with Ben Whishaw playing the part. The first Bond film,\",\n \"title\": \"Motifs in the James Bond film series\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15940308\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Dr. No\\\", saw M ordering Bond to leave his Beretta behind and take up the Walther PPK, which the film Bond used in eighteen films. Since \\\"Tomorrow Never Dies\\\", Bond's main weapon has been the Walther P99 semi-automatic pistol. Bond has driven a number of cars, including the Aston Martin V8 Vantage during the 1980s, the V12 Vanquish and DBS during the 2000s, as well as the Lotus Esprit; the BMW Z3, BMW 750iL and the BMW Z8. He has, however, also needed to drive a number of other vehicles, ranging from a Citroën 2CV to a AEC Routemaster bus,\",\n \"title\": \"Motifs in the James Bond film series\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2113618\",\n \"text\": \"every Eon Bond film since \\\"Dr. No\\\" in 1962, with the exception of \\\"Moonraker\\\" in which Bond was not seen with a pistol. Walther wanted to debut its new firearm in a Bond film, which had been one of its most visible endorsers. Previously the P5 was introduced in \\\"Octopussy\\\". Bond would use the P99 until Daniel Craig reverted to the PPK as 007 in \\\"Quantum of Solace\\\" in 2008. Barbara Broccoli chose David Arnold to score \\\"Tomorrow Never Dies\\\" on a recommendation from prolific James Bond films composer John Barry. Arnold had come to Barry's attention through his successful\",\n \"title\": \"Tomorrow Never Dies\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12887982\",\n \"text\": \"ACP Beretta automatic pistol carried in a light-weight chamois leather holster. However Fleming was contacted by a Bond enthusiast and gun expert, Geoffrey Boothroyd, who criticised Fleming's choice of firearm for Bond and suggested a Walther PPK 7.65mm instead. Fleming used the suggestion in \\\"Dr. No\\\", also taking advice that it should be used with the Berns-Martin triple draw shoulder holster. By way of thanks, the Secret Service Armourer who gives Bond his gun was given the name Major Boothroyd, and is introduced by M as \\\"the greatest small-arms expert in the world\\\". Kingsley Amis, in \\\"The James Bond Dossier\\\",\",\n \"title\": \"James Bond (literary character)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9285541\",\n \"text\": \"order from his superior officer, M, to start carrying a new duty weapon in the opening chapters of the sixth novel, \\\"Dr. No\\\". Major Boothroyd, the MI6 armorer and \\\"the greatest small-arms expert in the world\\\" in M's opinion, insists that Bond trade it for a weapon with more stopping power. Bond is issued a Walther PPK, and a Smith & Wesson Centennial Airweight revolver for situations where he needs more power than the PPK can offer. He uses both guns during a mission in Jamaica for this novel, then relies on the PPK in subsequent stories. In the film\",\n \"title\": \"Beretta 418\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3471018\",\n \"text\": \"early novels, but switched to the PPK in \\\"Dr. No\\\" on the advice of firearms expert Geoffrey Boothroyd, though the actual guns carried by Bond and Felix Leiter in the film were, in fact, Walther PPs. Actor Jack Lord was presented with a gold plated one with ivory handgrips. Singer Elvis Presley owned a silver-finish PPK, inscribed \\\"TCB\\\" (\\\"taking care of business\\\"). The PPK/S was developed following the enactment of the Gun Control Act of 1968 (GCA68) in the United States, the pistol's largest market. One of the provisions of GCA68 banned the importation of pistols and revolvers not meeting\",\n \"title\": \"Walther PP\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3471017\",\n \"text\": \"barrel and frame, the manufacturer's selection of the name \\\"Kriminal\\\" appears in early original advertising brochures from Walther and the 1937 GECO German catalog. Adolf Hitler shot and killed himself with his PPK (.32 ACP/7.65mm) in the Führerbunker in Berlin. South Korean dictator Park Chung-hee was shot and killed by Kim Jae-gyu, using the Walther PPK. The Walther PPK pistol is famous as fictional secret agent James Bond's gun in many of the films and novels: Ian Fleming's choice of the Walther PPK directly influenced its popularity and its notoriety. Fleming had given Bond a .25 Beretta 418 pistol in\",\n \"title\": \"Walther PP\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1979549\",\n \"text\": \"broken into two parts with the barrel-chamber assembly hidden in the hollowed out heel of one boot and the frame hidden in the heel of the other. Two characters in the 1965 movie \\\"Cat Ballou\\\" wield derringers. In Ian Fleming's novel \\\"The Man with the Golden Gun\\\" (1965), Francisco \\\"Pistols\\\" Scaramanga seriously wounds James Bond with his \\\"tiny golden Derringer\\\", seconds before Bond kills the thug with five shots from his Walther PPK 7.65 millimeter. J.B. Books, portrayed by John Wayne, in \\\"The Shootist\\\" (1976), carried a Remington Derringer with his wallet. A single-shot Colt Derringer was the concealed weapon\",\n \"title\": \"Derringer\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16588519\",\n \"text\": \"Signature weapon A signature weapon (or trademark weapon or weapon of choice) is one commonly identified with a certain group or, in the case of literature, comics, and film, where it is a popular \\\"trope,\\\" for both heroes and villains to be associated with and highly proficient in the use of specific weaponry. Examples include Robin Hood's longbow, Don Quixote's jousting lance, a wizard's wand, the Grim Reaper's scythe, the Monkey King's iron rod, a Jedi's lightsaber, William Tell's crossbow, Negan's bat, David's sling and James Bond's Walther PPK. The Colt .45 SAA and Winchester are ubiquitous in Westerns. Signature\",\n \"title\": \"Signature weapon\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9110943\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Jimmy\\\" is a thinly veiled reference to James Bond; hints to this include owning Campion Bond's cigarette case and lighter, his preference for Vodka Martinis, having a scar from the novels, as well as owning James Bond trademark Walther PPK with 007 engraved on it. The names of other characters are shortened or otherwise changed to mask their origins: Mrs. Peel from the \\\"Avengers\\\" uses her maiden name throughout the graphic novel (here spelled \\\"Night\\\" instead of \\\"Knight\\\"), and Billy Bunter is only referred to by his first name. A DC press release confirmed it would not be released outside\",\n \"title\": \"The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen: Black Dossier\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9285542\",\n \"text\": \"adaptation of \\\"Dr. No\\\", the first in the series, Boothroyd only offers the PPK and Bond reluctantly turns in his Beretta (a larger M34 standing in for the 418). In reality, Ian Fleming received a fan letter in 1957 from Geoffrey Boothroyd, a Bond enthusiast and gun expert, criticizing the choice of firearm for Bond. Boothroyd called the Beretta \\\"a lady's gun\\\" and suggested several alternatives, one of which was the Walther. Fleming thanked Boothroyd by naming the MI6 armorer in \\\"Dr. No\\\" after him. Beretta 418 The Beretta M418 is a 6.35 mm (.25 ACP) easily concealed Italian \\\"pocket\",\n \"title\": \"Beretta 418\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12887989\",\n \"text\": \"pattern of setting Bond in the contemporary timeframe of the 1990s and, according to Jeremy Black, had more echoes of Fleming's style than John Gardner, he also changed Bond's gun back to the Walther PPK, put him behind the wheel of a Jaguar XK8 and made him swear more. James Harker noted that \\\"whilst Fleming's Bond had been an \\\"Express\\\" reader; Benson's is positively red top. He's the first to have group sex ... and the first to visit a prostitute\\\", whilst Black notes an increased level of crudity lacking in either Fleming or Gardner. In a 1998 interview Benson\",\n \"title\": \"James Bond (literary character)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1618208\",\n \"text\": \"guns, assault rifles, grenades, and throwing knives, among others. Guns have a finite magazine and must be reloaded after a certain number of shots, but the player may acquire and carry as many weapons as can be found in each mission. The player's initial weapon in most missions is the Walther PPK, called the PP7 special issue in-game. Most of the game's firearms are modelled on real-life counterparts (although their names are altered), while others are based on fictitious devices featured in the \\\"James Bond\\\" films, such as the Golden Gun and \\\"Moonraker\\\" laser. The weapons vary in characteristics such\",\n \"title\": \"GoldenEye 007 (1997 video game)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8421077\",\n \"text\": \"were few products available, apart from the soundtrack and paperback book, although Lone Star Toys produced a \\\"James Bond 007 pistol\\\" in gold; this differed from the weapon used by Scaramanga in the film as it was little more than a Walther P38 with a silencer fitted. \\\"The Man with the Golden Gun\\\" met with mixed reviews upon its release. Derek Malcolm in \\\"The Guardian\\\" savaged the film, saying that \\\"the script is the limpest of the lot and ... Roger Moore as 007 is the last man on earth to make it sound better than it is.\\\" There was\",\n \"title\": \"The Man with the Golden Gun (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"839329\",\n \"text\": \"very nice lady at that! Dare I suggest that Bond should be armed with a .38 or a nine millimetre—let's say a German Walther PPK? That's far more appropriate. Boothroyd's suggestions came too late to be included in \\\"From Russia, with Love\\\", but one of his guns—a .38 Smith & Wesson snubnosed revolver modified with one third of the trigger guard removed—was used as the model for Chopping's image. Fleming later thanked Boothroyd by naming the armourer in \\\"Dr. No\\\" Major Boothroyd. As with several of his works, Fleming appropriated the names or backgrounds of people he knew or had\",\n \"title\": \"From Russia, with Love (novel)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12102737\",\n \"text\": \"for the character of James Bond, but not his choice of weapons, particularly the .25 calibre Beretta. Fleming responded to Boothroyd, and their correspondence about weaponry has been reprinted in various places. As a result of the correspondence Fleming gave Bond a Walther PPK pistol in \\\"Dr. No\\\" and created a character named \\\"Major Boothroyd\\\" in the novel (the real Boothroyd held no such rank). Prior to the correspondence Fleming is reported to have thought the subject of guns to be rather dull and uninteresting. Boothroyd advised Fleming on the use of silencers and suggested various firearms for use by\",\n \"title\": \"Geoffrey Boothroyd\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10751675\",\n \"text\": \"Bond novel and followed the story closely, except in some details. For example, Elektra does not die immediately after Bond shoots her; instead, she begins quietly to sing. The novel also gave the Cigar Girl a name: Giulietta da Vinci, and retained a scene between her and Renard that was cut from theatrical release. Also, Bond is still carrying his Walther PPK instead of the newer P99. The World Is Not Enough (novel) The World Is Not Enough, published in 1999, is the fifth novel by Raymond Benson featuring Ian Fleming's secret agent, James Bond based on the 1999 film\",\n \"title\": \"The World Is Not Enough (novel)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"208234\",\n \"text\": \"although Bond uses a number of pieces of equipment from Q Branch, including the Little Nellie autogyro, a jet pack and the exploding attaché case, the villains are also well-equipped with custom-made devices, including Scaramanga's golden gun, Rosa Klebb's poison-tipped shoes, Oddjob's steel-rimmed bowler hat and Blofeld's communication devices in his agents' vanity case. Cinematically, Bond has been a major influence within the spy genre since the release of \\\"Dr. No\\\" in 1962, with 22 secret agent films released in 1966 alone attempting to capitalise on the Bond franchise's popularity and success. The first parody was the 1964 film \\\"Carry\",\n \"title\": \"James Bond\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16242503\",\n \"text\": \"to conclude her story as she's used every item from around his room to help inspire each \\\"chapter\\\". After a suggestion from him, she notices how the stain from a cup of tea she had earlier thrown in anger looks like a Walther PPK, the same kind of gun her favorite literary character James Bond uses, and knows exactly how and where to end her story. Realizing she has no place in society, Joe turns to organized crime and becomes a debt collector, utilizing her extensive knowledge of men, sex, and sadomasochism. She reminisces about a memorable housecall to a\",\n \"title\": \"Nymphomaniac (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3471016\",\n \"text\": \"block, a combination safety/decocker and a loaded chamber indicator. The most common variant is the Walther PPK, a smaller version of the PP with a shorter grip, barrel and frame, and reduced magazine capacity. A new, two-piece wrap-around grip panel construction was used to conceal the exposed back strap. The smaller size made it more concealable than the original PP and hence better suited to plainclothes or undercover work. It was released in 1930. \\\"PPK\\\" is an abbreviation for \\\"Polizeipistole Kriminalmodell\\\" (detective police pistol). While it's often thought to be \\\"\\\"kurz\\\"\\\" (German: short) referring to the police pistol with shorter\",\n \"title\": \"Walther PP\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3020089\",\n \"text\": \"Ian Fleming, his countryman, that James Bond's side arm should be a Walther PPK chambered in .32 ACP. A significant factor in recommending this round was its near universal availability throughout the world in the 1950s. The .32 ACP has been chambered in more handguns than any other cartridge. Between 1899 and 1909, Fabrique Nationale produced 500,000 guns chambered for .32 ACP. Adolf Hitler was believed to have committed suicide with his personal .32 ACP Walther PPK, by aiming it at his right temple and pulling the trigger while simultaneously biting down on a cyanide capsule. Heckler & Koch produced\",\n \"title\": \".32 ACP\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1434478\",\n \"text\": \"third worst film, above \\\"A View to a Kill\\\" and \\\"Licence to Kill\\\", while IGN chose it as the fifth worst. Richards was criticised as not being credible in the role of a nuclear scientist. Bond novelist Raymond Benson wrote his adaptation of \\\"The World Is Not Enough\\\" from the film's screenplay. It was Benson's fourth \\\"Bond\\\" novel and followed the story closely, but with some details changed. For instance, Elektra sings quietly before her death and Bond still carries his Walther PPK instead of the newer P99. The novel also gave the cigar girl/assassin the name Giulietta da Vinci\",\n \"title\": \"The World Is Not Enough\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8069450\",\n \"text\": \"and the near universal adoption of semi-automatic pistols by American law enforcement in the 1980s, the split-front revolver holster has fallen out of favor with American police forces since the 1980s. A second, and equally well-known version, of the Berns-Martin holster was the company's holster, a shoulder holster also for revolvers that carried them with the muzzles pointed upwards; that is, \\\"upside down\\\". It was this holster that was made famous by its inclusion in Ian Fleming's later Bond books, although it was not suited to Bond's Walther semi-auto pistol, causing the company to mark its brochures of the period,\",\n \"title\": \"Berns-Martin\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16770568\",\n \"text\": \"of the Clint Eastwood character, Dirty Harry — was chosen for Moore to use in \\\"Live and Let Die\\\" rather than Bond's usual choice of Walther PPK. Spicer says \\\"Roger Moore re-created Bond as an old-style debonair hero, more polished and sophisticated than Connery's incarnation, using the mocking insouciance he had perfected in his role as Simon Templar ... Moore's humour was a throwaway, and certainly in the later films, verged on self-parody. It was an essential strand in the increasingly tongue-in-cheek direction of the series which became more light-hearted, knowing and playfully intertextual\\\". Chapman noted that Moore was the\",\n \"title\": \"James Bond filmography\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8516538\",\n \"text\": \"barrel sequence, his initial mission briefing with M, \\\"Bond girls\\\", the criminal organisation SPECTRE, narrow escapes, Bond's luck and skill, his signature Walther PPK and the licence to kill, over-ambitious villains, henchmen and allies. Many characteristics of the following Bond films were introduced in \\\"Dr. No\\\", ranging from Bond's introduction as \\\"Bond, James Bond\\\" (although he seems to be mimicking Sylvia Trench who introduces herself first as \\\"Trench. Sylvia Trench\\\"), to his taste for vodka martinis \\\"shaken, not stirred\\\", love interests, and weaponry. \\\"Dr. No\\\" also establishes the oft-repeated association (in this case, Project Mercury) between the Bond series and\",\n \"title\": \"Dr. No (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12887987\",\n \"text\": \"also updated Bond's firearm: under Gardner, Bond is initially issued with the Browning 9mm before changing to a Heckler & Koch VP70 and then a Heckler & Koch P7. Bond is also revealed to have taken part in the 1982 Falklands War. Gardner updated Fleming's characters and used contemporary political leaders in his novels; he also used the high-tech apparatus of Q Branch from the films, although Jeremy Black observed that Bond is more reliant on technology than his own individual abilities. Gardner's series linked Bond to the Fleming novels rather than the film incarnations and referred to events covered\",\n \"title\": \"James Bond (literary character)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2985406\",\n \"text\": \"in 1988 by the SA80 and at the same time machine guns were superseded by the Light Support Weapon. Metal caltrops were used at vehicle check points to puncture tyres on cars trying to escape roadblocks. For personal protection off duty, some soldiers were issued with a Walther PP. Major Ken Maginnis acquired permission for some to purchase Browning 9mm pistols at £200 each. These were deemed to be more effective. In the late 1980s PPs were replaced by the Walther P5, considered a more practical weapon because of its size and ballistic capabilities. Any soldier considered to be at\",\n \"title\": \"Ulster Defence Regiment\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4214183\",\n \"text\": \"authorizes Bond to assassinate the gunman —- if he can. Bond catches up with Scaramanga in Jamaica, where Bond pretends to be a freelance security officer, and Scaramanga hires him to guard an upcoming meeting of gangsters. During the meeting, a KGB officer blows Bond's cover, subsequently pitting Scaramanga and Bond in a shootout. Bond wounds Scaramanga, but before he can finish the gunman off, Scaramanga shoots Bond with a poisoned bullet from his backup weapon, a golden Derringer. Bond returns fire with his .32 Walther PPK pistol, killing Scaramanga instantly; soon thereafter, a policeman finds the nearly dead Bond\",\n \"title\": \"Francisco Scaramanga\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4214193\",\n \"text\": \"Scaramanga into coming out in the open to look for Bond with his pistol drawn. Bond then shoots Scaramanga in the heart, killing him. This is the death toll caused by Scaramanga in the film. In addition, Scaramanga is revealed to have been behind the murder of Bill Fairbanks, MI6 Agent 002, in 1969. In Ian Fleming's novel, the Golden Gun was a long-barrelled, gold-plated, single-action Colt Peacemaker .45 calibre revolver that fired silver-jacketed bullets with a gold core. However, in the film, it was a single-shot weapon that fired a custom made 4.2-millimetre golden (23-carat gold with traces of\",\n \"title\": \"Francisco Scaramanga\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"413611\",\n \"text\": \"was unreliable, it jammed constantly, and it was dwarfed by the carbine accessories. It was soon replaced by the larger and more-reliable Walther P38. The long magazine was actually a standard magazine with a dummy extension, but it inspired several small-arms manufacturers to begin making long magazines for various pistols. While many of these continue to be available 40 years later, long magazines were not available for the P38 for some years. THRUSH had a range of weaponry of its own, much of then only in the development stage before being destroyed by the heroes. A notable item was the\",\n \"title\": \"The Man from U.N.C.L.E.\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7515929\",\n \"text\": \"feature safeties, since they are traditionally carried un-cocked, and the hammer requires the user to physically cock it, unlike a DA/SA gun, which cocks itself every time the slide is cycled. There are many examples of DA/SA semi-automatics, the Walther PPK being the first, followed up by the Walther P38. Modern examples include weapons such as the Beretta 92, among others. Almost all revolvers that are not specified as single-action models are capable of firing in both double- and single-action mode, for example, the Smith & Wesson Model 27, S&W Model 60, the Colt Police Positive, Colt Python, etc. Early\",\n \"title\": \"Trigger (firearms)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7515922\",\n \"text\": \"chamber (weapons lacking automatic-hold-open feature only). In the late 1930s and early 1940s, Walther introduced the first \\\"double-action\\\" semi-automatics, the PPK and P.38 models, which featured a revolver-style \\\"double-action\\\" trigger, allowing the weapon to be carried with a round chambered and the hammer lowered. After the first shot, they would fire as single-actions. These double action, or \\\"double action/single action\\\", pistols rapidly gained popularity, and the traditional single-action rapidly lost favor, although they still retain a dedicated following. Today, a \\\"typical\\\" revolver is a \\\"double-action\\\", which can be fired in single action when wished, and the most common form of\",\n \"title\": \"Trigger (firearms)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1878923\",\n \"text\": \"Bond out of retirement, he orders the military to fire mortars at Bond's mansion when the retired spy refuses to return to duty. The first quarter of the film features Bond's subsequent visit to McTarry Castle in Scotland, on a quest to return the only piece of M's remains recovered after the attack—his bright red toupée. Subsequently, Bond—played by David Niven—becomes the new M and proceeds to order that all MI6 agents, male and female, be renamed \\\"James Bond 007\\\" in order to confuse the enemy. In 1983's \\\"Never Say Never Again\\\", Edward Fox played M as a bureaucrat, contemptuous\",\n \"title\": \"M (James Bond)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"208228\",\n \"text\": \"No\\\". Boothroyd also gave Fleming advice on the Berns-Martin triple draw shoulder holster and a number of the weapons used by SMERSH and other villains. In thanks, Fleming gave the MI6 Armourer in his novels the name Major Boothroyd and, in \\\"Dr. No\\\", M introduces him to Bond as \\\"the greatest small-arms expert in the world\\\". Bond also used a variety of rifles, including the Savage Model 99 in \\\"For Your Eyes Only\\\" and a Winchester .308 target rifle in \\\"The Living Daylights\\\". Other handguns used by Bond in the Fleming books included the Colt Detective Special and a long-barrelled\",\n \"title\": \"James Bond\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6282963\",\n \"text\": \"is the first time Bond has worn a business suit instead of a tuxedo since Roger Moore's original sequence. Craig shoots one-handed. The gun barrel is placed at the immediate opening of \\\"Spectre\\\", the first time since \\\"Die Another Day\\\" that a Bond film has opened with the gun barrel. The gun barrel design is similar to that of the original Maurice Binder era and the Pierce Brosnan era, only sharper. Daniel Craig moves at an average speed (again swinging both of his arms as he walks, but this time resulting in his gun being made much more prominently visible),\",\n \"title\": \"Gun barrel sequence\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4458773\",\n \"text\": \"as an \\\"observer\\\" (much like McCarter). Following the war, Manning settled down, got married and became an executive of a major import-export firm. The marriage failed, but the business prospered. Because of his wealth, Manning is the most unlikely of the Phoenix Force members. He seems more down to earth than the others, annoyed at McCarter's actions although the two are friends. Manning's weapons of choice are the FN FAL and the Desert Eagle .357 Magnum. In later books he uses the SA80 and the Walther P5. Hailing from the south side of Chicago, James grew up in an environment\",\n \"title\": \"Phoenix Force\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4214197\",\n \"text\": \"player mode (except \\\"Everything or Nothing\\\") but golden versions of the game's standard weapon(s) are usually available (such as a golden Walther PPK, P99, and a golden rocket launcher). In \\\"GoldenEye\\\", the Golden Gun appears in a special mission. In the mission, the Golden Gun is stolen by Baron Samedi, and Bond needs to defeat Samedi and recover the Golden Gun. Although Samedi isn't killed, Bond escapes with the Golden Gun. The Golden Gun also appears in the video game \\\"Quantum of Solace\\\", created by Rare who also created \\\"GoldenEye 007\\\"). In \\\"Quantum of Solace\\\" the Golden Gun appears to\",\n \"title\": \"Francisco Scaramanga\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"713443\",\n \"text\": \"was announced that British actor Ben Whishaw had been cast in the role. Whishaw, aged 31 in 2012, became the youngest actor to play the role. In \\\"Skyfall\\\", Q's gadgets were comparatively simple, consisting of a miniaturised radio and a gun coded to Bond's palmprint so only Bond could fire it. Q is demonstrated to be highly knowledgeable on the subject of computer security to the point where he designed some of the most sophisticated security protocols in existence. However, he is also somewhat short-sighted; while engrossed in the puzzle of a security system set up by Raoul Silva, the\",\n \"title\": \"Q (James Bond)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4351566\",\n \"text\": \"the U.S, as NBC decided to cancel the new series. Fred Dryer later cited \\\"creative difficulties\\\" and budget constraints as the reasons for the revival's unexpected end. In the first and for several subsequent seasons, the pistol that Hunter carries is a Heckler and Koch P9S 9mm, with a muzzle compensator attached, as his primary weapon. It is also the pistol in the title introduction. McCall used a stainless .380 Beretta 90 in the first season. The Walther PPK that McCall uses is most likely a Walther PPK/S. Hunter carries a Detonics Pocket 9 semi-automatic 9mm pistol and/or a Smith\",\n \"title\": \"Hunter (1984 U.S. TV series)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4214200\",\n \"text\": \"the cause of supernumerary nipples in animals is named the \\\"Scaramanga gene\\\" based on the character, who has three nipples. Francisco Scaramanga Francisco Scaramanga is a fictional character and the main antagonist in the James Bond novel and film versions of \\\"The Man with the Golden Gun\\\". Scaramanga's signature weapon is a golden gun. In the novel, the character is nicknamed \\\"Pistols\\\" Scaramanga and is also called \\\"Paco\\\" (a Spanish diminutive of Francisco). In the film, the character was played by Christopher Lee (the real-life step-cousin of James Bond creator Ian Fleming). Francisco Scaramanga, of Catalan origin, became a trick\",\n \"title\": \"Francisco Scaramanga\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15593674\",\n \"text\": \"of one boot and the frame hidden in the heel of the other. In \\\"Judgment in Heaven\\\" (S01E15; 1965 Dec. 22) of \\\"The Big Valley\\\", Jarrod Barkley gives Heath a nickel plated pearl gripped Double Derringer as a Christmas present. Paladin, of \\\"Have Gun, Will Travel\\\" (1957 - 1963), kept a Remington Double Derringer behind his gunbelt's buckle. J.B. Books, portrayed by John Wayne, in \\\"The Shootist\\\" (1976), carried a Double Derringer by his wallet. In the \\\"Simpsons\\\" episode \\\"Simpsons Tall Tales\\\" the characters Bart and Nelson are portrayed as Tom Sawyer and Huckleberry Finn. The two start a barroom\",\n \"title\": \"Remington Model 95\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3465295\",\n \"text\": \"to James Bond in a comedic and outlandish style. Flint is initially offered a Walther PPK and an attache case with a concealed throwing knife with Flint dismissing both as \\\"crude\\\". During the French strip club sequence, Flint stages a mock brawl with a patron who is identified as Agent 0008, a British secret agent. Flint asks if SPECTRE (the criminal organization in the early Bond movies) is involved, to which Agent 0008 replies, \\\"It's bigger than SPECTRE!\\\" The actor playing the role is similar in appearance to Sean Connery. Later in the film, Gila is shown reading a 0008\",\n \"title\": \"Our Man Flint\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8421046\",\n \"text\": \"The Man with the Golden Gun (film) The Man with the Golden Gun is a 1974 British spy film, the ninth in the \\\"James Bond\\\" series produced by Eon Productions, and the second to star Roger Moore as the fictional MI6 agent James Bond. A loose adaptation of Ian Fleming's novel of the same name, the film has Bond sent after the Solex Agitator, a device that can harness the power of the sun, while facing the assassin Francisco Scaramanga, the \\\"Man with the Golden Gun\\\". The action culminates in a duel between them that settles the fate of the\",\n \"title\": \"The Man with the Golden Gun (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6596059\",\n \"text\": \"slightly romantically inclined towards her. He also befriends the United States President's right-hand man, Blake Johnson, and famous London gangsters Harry Salter and his nephew Billy Salter. Dillon's favourite handgun is a Walther PPK with Carswell silencer and his favourite rifle is an AK-47. His preferred explosive is Semtex. His favorite 'hide-out' gun is a 25 Colt strapped to his ankle. Dillon's drink of choice is Non-vintage Krug Champagne, due to the grape mix, and his second drink of choice is Bushmills Irish whiskey. Sean Dillon (character) Sean Dillon is a fictional Irish character who is the hero of a\",\n \"title\": \"Sean Dillon (character)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2285469\",\n \"text\": \"make pistols. Models 1 to 5 and 7 to 9 were in calibers .25 ACP (6.35mm) and .32 ACP (7.65mm). The Model 6 was Walther's first attempt at a 9mm Luger pistol. It used blowback rather than a locked breech and proved unsuccessful, with only around 1,000 made. Its rarity has made it highly sought after on the collectors market. In 1929 they began to make the popular Walther PP \\\"Polizeipistole\\\" (police pistol) models. This was followed in 1931 by the first of the PPKs (\\\"Polizeipistole Kriminalmodell\\\", or Police Pistol Detective Model). Both PP and PPKs were manufactured in .22\",\n \"title\": \"Carl Walther GmbH\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4214179\",\n \"text\": \"Francisco Scaramanga Francisco Scaramanga is a fictional character and the main antagonist in the James Bond novel and film versions of \\\"The Man with the Golden Gun\\\". Scaramanga's signature weapon is a golden gun. In the novel, the character is nicknamed \\\"Pistols\\\" Scaramanga and is also called \\\"Paco\\\" (a Spanish diminutive of Francisco). In the film, the character was played by Christopher Lee (the real-life step-cousin of James Bond creator Ian Fleming). Francisco Scaramanga, of Catalan origin, became a trick shot and performed in acts in a circus owned by his father Enrico while a youngster. He also cared for\",\n \"title\": \"Francisco Scaramanga\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"208232\",\n \"text\": \"changed dramatically with the films. However, the effects of the two Eon-produced Bond films \\\"Dr. No\\\" and \\\"From Russia with Love\\\" had an effect on the novel \\\"The Man with the Golden Gun\\\", through the increased number of devices used in Fleming's final story. For the film adaptations of Bond, the pre-mission briefing by Q Branch became one of the motifs that ran through the series. \\\"Dr. No\\\" provided no spy-related gadgets, but a Geiger counter was used; industrial designer Andy Davey observed that the first ever onscreen spy-gadget was the attaché case shown in \\\"From Russia with Love\\\", which\",\n \"title\": \"James Bond\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1572177\",\n \"text\": \"of choice is a \\\"kongo\\\" or yawara stick and as for firearms she begins by preferring the Colt .32 revolver and Mab Brevete .32 ACP auto pistol, although in later books she switches to carrying a Star PD .45 auto pistol. Willie's preferred weapon is the throwing knife, of which he usually carries two. Many other strange weapons (such as the quarterstaff, épée, blowgun, and sling) and unexpected fighting techniques are also featured. In keeping with the \\\"floating timeline\\\" spirit of other long-running comic strip and literary characters, Modesty and Willie generally do not age over the decades, with Modesty\",\n \"title\": \"Modesty Blaise\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"687348\",\n \"text\": \"Uzi in the mid 1990s and replaced it with the H&K MP5. The Secret Service was the last Federal agency to use the Uzi. The Counter-Assault Team used the M4 carbine from the early 1990s until 2006. The current sidearm for USSS agents is the SIG Sauer P229 chambered in .357 SIG (which entered service in 1999). Agents and officers are trained on standard shoulder weapons that include the FN P90 submachine gun, the 9mm Heckler & Koch MP5 submachine gun, and the 12-gauge Remington 870 shotgun. The agency has initiated a procurement process to ultimately replace the MP5 with\",\n \"title\": \"United States Secret Service\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3471013\",\n \"text\": \"Walther PP The Walther PP (\\\"Polizeipistole\\\", or police pistol) series pistols are blowback-operated semi-automatic pistols, developed by the German arms manufacturer Carl Walther GmbH Sportwaffen. It features an exposed hammer, a traditional double-action trigger mechanism, a single-column magazine, and a fixed barrel that also acts as the guide rod for the recoil spring. The series includes the Walther PP, PPK, PPK/S, and PPK/E models. The Walther TPH pocket pistol is a smaller calibre pistol introduced in 1971 identical in handling and operation to the PPK. Various PP series are manufactured in Germany, France, and the United States. In the past,\",\n \"title\": \"Walther PP\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4266510\",\n \"text\": \"Holmes's amanuensis, narrates the story. M and Bond visit Holmes and Watson at Holmes's Baker Street address. Holmes's deductive abilities impress M who wishes Bond had the same ability. Bond questions if such intuitive talents could hold up against a Smersh assassin. Bond confronts Holmes about the latter's drug addiction and accuses Watson of being the source of Holmes's narcotics supplier. Once Holmes admits it, Bond aims his Walther PPF [sic] at Watson and announces that Watson is an imposter and none other than Bond's arch-enemy Ernst Stavro Blofeld - the man who killed Bond's bride. Holmes throughout the meeting\",\n \"title\": \"James Bond uncollected and other miscellaneous short stories\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2113628\",\n \"text\": \"of choice being changed from the Walther PPK to the Walther P99. Benson said in an interview that he felt \\\"Tomorrow Never Dies\\\" was the best of the three novelisations he wrote. The film was also adapted into a third-person shooter PlayStation video game, \\\"Tomorrow Never Dies\\\". The game was developed by Black Ops and published by Electronic Arts on 16 November 1999. Game Revolution described it as \\\"really just an empty and shallow game\\\", and IGN said it was \\\"mediocre\\\". Tomorrow Never Dies Tomorrow Never Dies is a 1997 British spy film, the eighteenth entry in the \\\"James Bond\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"Tomorrow Never Dies\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"404814\",\n \"text\": \"training. A fellow taxi driver refers him to an illegal gun dealer, \\\"Easy\\\" Andy, from whom Travis buys four handguns (A Smith & Wesson Model 29, a Smith & Wesson Model 36, a Smith & Wesson Model 61, which is referred to as a \\\"Colt .25\\\", and an Astra Constable, meant as a stand-in for a .380 Walther PPK). At home, Travis practices drawing his weapons, and modifies the Model 61 to allow him to hide and quickly deploy it from his sleeve. He also begins attending Palantine's rallies to scope out their security. One night, Travis enters a convenience\",\n \"title\": \"Taxi Driver\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9667219\",\n \"text\": \"shotguns and his favorite derringer, \\\"Betsy\\\". There is also a reference in the 1973 film \\\"Cahill U.S. Marshal\\\" where Wayne is in a box car with several prisoners and one says, \\\"You're not going to leave that old Greener on cock are you?\\\". In the \\\"Blood Bond\\\" book series by William W. Johnstone, most shotguns and sporting guns are referred to as Greeners. In the 1975 classic \\\"Jaws\\\", Robert Shaw's Quint character uses a modified Greener Mk.II harpoon gun. Teasdale-Buckle, G.T., \\\"Experts on Guns and Shooting\\\", Sampson Low, Marston & Co. Greener, William Wellington, \\\"The Gun and Its Development, Ninth\",\n \"title\": \"W. W. Greener\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2107563\",\n \"text\": \"before entering Fort Knox. The fourth time, as Bond electrocutes him in Fort Knox, he yells out a final long, loud \\\"Arrgh!\\\". Oddjob acts as Goldfinger's personal chauffeur, bodyguard and golf caddy. He wears a Sandringham hat (unlike in the novel, where he wore a bowler) with a sharpened steel rim, using it as a lethal weapon in the style of a chakram or a flying guillotine. It was shown to be very powerful, capable of cutting through steel and decapitating a stone statue. He later uses it to kill Tilly Masterson by breaking her neck. Physically, Oddjob is extremely\",\n \"title\": \"Oddjob\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15693365\",\n \"text\": \"catwalk in a dam, eventually knocking him off. Rak pleads for mercy, but Bond has already deduced who Rak's employer is. Bond leaves Rak to fall to his death, only for Rak to land on top of his Osprey. Bond shoots Rak, causing him to fire his rocket-propelled grenade into the Osprey, destroying it with Rak still on it. Back in Monaco, Nicole is revealed to be the one who kidnapped Tedworth and is planning another kidnapping. She drives off in her Koenigsegg CCXR and Bond follows her, in his Aston Martin DBS V12, ultimately cornering her on the Millau\",\n \"title\": \"James Bond 007: Blood Stone\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1992496\",\n \"text\": \"Bond is given a chance to again prove his worth as a member of the 00 section following the assassination attempt. M sends Bond to Jamaica and gives him the seemingly impossible mission of killing Francisco \\\"Pistols\\\" Scaramanga, a Cuban assassin who is believed to have killed several British secret agents. Scaramanga is known as \\\"The Man with the Golden Gun\\\" because his weapon of choice is a gold-plated Colt .45 revolver, which fires silver-jacketed solid-gold bullets. Bond locates Scaramanga in a Jamaican bordello and manages to become his temporary personal assistant under the name \\\"Mark Hazard\\\". He learns that\",\n \"title\": \"The Man with the Golden Gun (novel)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2792583\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"The Hardy Boys\\\", another American television show which was unknown in Britain. This time the model failed to sell, making it extremely rare today. A Ford Mustang Mach 1 (391) and the \\\"Moon Buggy\\\" (802) from the film \\\"Diamonds Are Forever\\\" were issued in 1972, and the Lotus Esprit (269) in 'underwater' mode from \\\"The Spy Who Loved Me\\\" in 1977. A rocket-firing 'Stromberg' Bell JetRanger helicopter (926) from the same film was added in 1978. The Space Shuttle (649) from the Bond movie \\\"Moonraker\\\" appeared in 1979 along with a 'Drax' JetRanger helicopter (930) from the same film. A\",\n \"title\": \"Corgi Toys\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16451643\",\n \"text\": \"equip gadgets to enhance their abilities, such as the Fast Switch gadget which halves the time it takes to switch weapons. Scenarios revealed are Conflict, Golden Gun, You Only Live Twice, Escalation, Data Miner, Team Conflict, Icarus and Black Box. The game begins with the opening chase sequence in \\\"Skyfall\\\", in which MI6 agent James Bond (likeness of Daniel Craig, voice of Timothy Watson) pursues the mercenary Patrice in Istanbul, only to be accidentally shot and wounded aboard a train by his partner Eve Moneypenny. Plunging into the river below, Bond begins to flash back to several of his previous\",\n \"title\": \"007 Legends\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6282949\",\n \"text\": \"white until \\\"Casino Royale\\\" (2006). It is also the last gun barrel sequence in which Bond wears a hat. With the introduction of Roger Moore, and the use of a 1.85:1 matted aspect ratio, a fourth sequence was shot. It was used for just two films: \\\"Live and Let Die\\\" and \\\"The Man with the Golden Gun\\\". Moore wears a business suit and, unlike Simmons, Connery and Lazenby, uses both hands instead of one hand to fire his gun, his left hand bracing his gun arm. This is the first gun barrel sequence in which Bond is not wearing a\",\n \"title\": \"Gun barrel sequence\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"348790\",\n \"text\": \"jammed by excessive dirt or debris. Over the long period of development of the revolver, many calibers have been used. Some of these have proved more durable during periods of standardization and some have entered general public awareness. Among these are the .22 rimfire, a caliber popular for target shooting and teaching novice shooters; .38 Special and .357 Magnum, known for police use; the .44 Magnum, famous from Clint Eastwood's \\\"Dirty Harry\\\" films; and the .45 Colt, used in the Colt revolver of the Wild West. Introduced in 2003, the Smith & Wesson Model 500 is one of the most\",\n \"title\": \"Revolver\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"208231\",\n \"text\": \"is the silver grey Aston Martin DB5, first seen in \\\"Goldfinger\\\"; it later featured in \\\"Thunderball\\\", \\\"GoldenEye\\\", \\\"Tomorrow Never Dies\\\", \\\"Casino Royale\\\", \\\"Skyfall\\\" and \\\"Spectre\\\". The films have used a number of different Aston Martins for filming and publicity, one of which was sold in January 2006 at an auction in the US for $2,1 million to an unnamed European collector. In 2010, another DB5 used in Goldfinger was sold at auction for $4.6m million (£2.6 million). Fleming's novels and early screen adaptations presented minimal equipment such as the booby-trapped attaché case in \\\"From Russia, with Love\\\", although this situation\",\n \"title\": \"James Bond\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6835978\",\n \"text\": \"location became the standard in such future weapons as the Walther PP and Russian Makarov. The Model 1910 incorporated the standard Browning striker-firing mechanism and a grip safety along with a magazine safety and an external safety lever (known as the \\\"triple safety\\\") in a compact package. It was offered in both .32 ACP (8-shot) and .380 ACP (7-shot) calibers, it remained in production until 1983. It is possible to switch calibres by changing only the barrel. The Colt Detective Special is a carbon steel framed double-action, snubnosed, 6-shot revolver. As the name \\\"Detective Special\\\" suggests, this model revolver was\",\n \"title\": \"Pocket pistol\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12102738\",\n \"text\": \"Bond and other characters. Boothroyd provided illustrator Richard Chopping with his own .38 Smith & Wesson snubnosed revolver, modified with one third of the trigger guard removed, to meet Fleming's wish for a design incorporating a pistol and a rose for the first edition cover of \\\"From Russia, with Love\\\". Boothroyd had to assist the police with their enquiries when a similar weapon was used in a triple murder in Glasgow explaining that his weapon had been posted to Ian Fleming for a book cover. Peter Manuel was later arrested, convicted and executed for the murder. In the first Bond\",\n \"title\": \"Geoffrey Boothroyd\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11979886\",\n \"text\": \"the \\\"Monitor\\\" television arts' series, \\\"A House in Bayswater\\\" (1960), and \\\"Watch the Birdie\\\" (1963). In 1965 he became associated with Magnum Photos and became a full member in 1967. In 1963, Hurn was commissioned by the producers of the James Bond films to shoot a series of stills with Sean Connery and the actresses of \\\"From Russia with Love\\\". When the theatrical property Walther PPK pistol didn't arrive, Hurn volunteered the use of his own Walther LP-53 air pistol. The pistol became a symbol of James Bond on many film posters of the series. In 1967 Dino de Laurentiis\",\n \"title\": \"David Hurn\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18424756\",\n \"text\": \"Training\\\". This grants the character a +1 damage bonus per level when using one of two specified weapons in combat. For instance, a character with Weapons can take K-Bar knife and Tonfa baton and a character with Shooting can take Walther PPK pistol and Hecker & Koch MP5 submachine gun. The bonus applies to only that specific make and model of weapon (e.g., a .38-caliber Smith & Wesson M10 revolver rather than all .38-caliber revolvers in general). However, it is also not limited to just \\\"a\\\" weapon in particular – like an uncle's old service pistol or your grandmother's heirloom\",\n \"title\": \"Night's Black Agents (role-playing game)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9167159\",\n \"text\": \"the user to see the number of unfired rounds remaining; the “guttersnipe”—a gun sight designed for close range combat; and a “forefinger grip”—today a standard feature on the trigger guard of many modern handguns. Theodore’s ASP was the first successful service caliber handgun in pocket pistol size. Its arrival inspired a cottage industry of gunsmiths producing unauthorized versions of the weapon, in addition to the authorized factory version from Theodore's ASP Inc. In 1970, the ASP was featured in \\\"The Handgun\\\", by Glaswegian gun expert Geoffrey Boothroyd. Boothroyd, the inspiration for “Q,” the technologically inventive character who outfitted James Bond\",\n \"title\": \"Paris Theodore\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6244052\",\n \"text\": \"ongoing operation called \\\"Smiert Spionom\\\" (meaning \\\"Death to Spies\\\" in Russian). Actually, it is Koskov and Whitaker's men, especially their special henchman Necros, who are involved in killing the British agents. After thwarting Whitaker's plans in Afghanistan, Bond returns to Tangier to hunt him down at his Tangier headquarters and kills him after a game of cat-and-mouse in his gaming room, with him using high-tech weapons, such as an 80-round light machine gun rifle with an integral ballistic shield, a bulletproof vest and a loaded antique battlefield cannon, while Bond has only his 8-round Walther PPK, which Whitaker calls a\",\n \"title\": \"Brad Whitaker\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6868347\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Quantum of Solace\\\" drinking bottled beer when meeting with Felix Leiter in a Bolivian bar. In \\\"Die Another Day\\\", Bond drinks a mojito. In \\\"Casino Royale\\\", Bond orders Mount Gay Rum with soda. In that film, he also invents the famous \\\"Vesper\\\" cocktail—a variation on a martini—originally included in the novel but not seen in the films until the reboot. In \\\"Skyfall\\\", the villain Raoul Silva says he believes 50-year-old Macallan single malt whisky to be one of Bond's favourites. Also in \\\"Goldfinger\\\" during a briefing on the villain, their host offers a refill with, \\\"Have a little more of\",\n \"title\": \"Shaken, not stirred\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3398570\",\n \"text\": \"in the Korean War, Mannix attended Western Pacific University on the GI Bill, graduated in 1955, and obtained his private investigator's license in 1956. He is a black belt in karate. Throughout the series, he appears proficient in a variety of athletic pursuits, including sailing, horseback riding, and skiing. He is an accomplished pool player, golfs regularly, and is also a skilled airplane pilot. In the first season, he carries a Walther PP semiautomatic pistol. From the second season on, Mannix carries a Colt Detective Special snubnosed revolver in .38 Special caliber. In 1971, Connors guest-starred on an episode of\",\n \"title\": \"Mannix\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9138502\",\n \"text\": \"trucks and motorcycles (with sidecars). These battalions were equipped with motorcycles and sidecars, Kübelwagen, field cars such as the Horch 4x4 and 3 ton Opel Blitz lorries and a small number of armoured vehicles as a means of transport. Personal weapons consisted of small arms such as the Walther PP which was designed as a civilian police pistol (PP Polizei-Pistole) or the Walther PPK both of which were favoured by officers whereas the Luger P08 and Walther P38 were used by other ranks. Automatic machine pistols were carried by NCOs and the Mauser Karabiner 98k rifle was issued but was\",\n \"title\": \"Feldgendarmerie\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3471027\",\n \"text\": \"again at their new US manufacturing plant in Fort Smith, Arkansas. Walther PP The Walther PP (\\\"Polizeipistole\\\", or police pistol) series pistols are blowback-operated semi-automatic pistols, developed by the German arms manufacturer Carl Walther GmbH Sportwaffen. It features an exposed hammer, a traditional double-action trigger mechanism, a single-column magazine, and a fixed barrel that also acts as the guide rod for the recoil spring. The series includes the Walther PP, PPK, PPK/S, and PPK/E models. The Walther TPH pocket pistol is a smaller calibre pistol introduced in 1971 identical in handling and operation to the PPK. Various PP series are\",\n \"title\": \"Walther PP\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15940309\",\n \"text\": \"amongst others. Bond's most famous car is the silver grey Aston Martin DB5, first seen in \\\"Goldfinger\\\"; it later featured in \\\"Thunderball\\\", \\\"GoldenEye\\\", \\\"Tomorrow Never Dies\\\", \\\"Casino Royale\\\", \\\"Skyfall\\\" and \\\"Spectre\\\". The films have used a number of different Aston Martins for filming and publicity, one of which was sold in January 2006 at an auction in the US for $2,090,000 to an unnamed European collector. Bond also shows his taste for aircraft: a gyrocopter—\\\"Little Nellie\\\"—features in \\\"You Only Live Twice\\\", a Cessna 185 Seaplane in \\\"Licence to Kill\\\", an Acrostar Jet in \\\"Octopussy\\\", the Space Shuttle in \\\"Moonraker\\\" and\",\n \"title\": \"Motifs in the James Bond film series\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7333446\",\n \"text\": \"of Champagne for 10 years. The winemaker has also used the popular James Bond film series as a marketing device. In the 1973 film \\\"Live and Let Die\\\", James Bond (played by Roger Moore) is heard asking for a bottle of Bollinger after entering his hotel. In the 1985 film \\\"A View to a Kill\\\", James Bond recognizes the champagne served at the top of the Eiffel Tower as \\\"Bollinger, [19]75.\\\" In the 1987 film \\\"The Living Daylights\\\", James Bond (played by Timothy Dalton) delivers a gift basket to General Koskov who, seeing the champagne, exclaims \\\"Bollinger R.D...The Best!\\\" In\",\n \"title\": \"Bollinger\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6282950\",\n \"text\": \"hat. Additional footage of this sequence was shot of Bond walking straight towards the camera, putting his face into view, seen in the theatrical trailer. The dots that start the gun barrel in \\\"The Man with the Golden Gun\\\" are blue but in subsequent releases the dots are white. The anamorphic format was reinstated for \\\"The Spy Who Loved Me\\\", necessitating a fifth version of the sequence. Moore's Bond wears a dinner suit (tuxedo) rather than a business suit and again uses both hands to fire his gun. This rendering would feature in all Moore's subsequent films in the series,\",\n \"title\": \"Gun barrel sequence\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3800827\",\n \"text\": \"mildly popular among shooters for many years after its introduction, but did not come to the attention of the general public until 1971, when it was prominently featured in the American feature film \\\"Dirty Harry\\\" starring Clint Eastwood. In one of the classic lines in cinema, titular character Harry Callahan describes his Smith & Wesson Model 29 as \\\"the most powerful handgun in the world\\\". Although not strictly true (the more powerful wildcat .454 Casull was announced in 1959), the .44 Magnum was the most powerful then in production. Demand for the Model 29 increased so much that they were\",\n \"title\": \".44 Magnum\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9855917\",\n \"text\": \"the shooter). In blowback-type semi-automatics, the recoil force is used to push the slide back and eject the shell (if any) so that the magazine spring can push another round up; then as the slide returns, it chambers the round. An example of a modern blow back action semi-automatic pistol is the Walther PPK. Blowback pistols are some of the more simply designed handguns. Many semi-automatic pistols today operate on a short-recoil operated locked-breech design. This design is often coupled with the Browning type tilting barrel. An example of this type of pistol could be a Glock 17. Pistol A\",\n \"title\": \"Pistol\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7695511\",\n \"text\": \"series, \\\"Colt .45\\\". That same year, he was cast as Jed Hammer in the episode \\\"Trail's End\\\" of the ABC/WB western series, \\\"Sugarfoot\\\", starring Will Hutchins. Keach was cast in 1957 and 1958 in five episodes of the NBC western series, \\\"The Californians\\\" as Bill Coleman. Keach is probably best known for his role as Carlson in the NBC sitcom, \\\"Get Smart\\\". Carlson, a CONTROL scientist, was the inventor of such gadgets as an umbrella rifle (with a high-speed camera in the handle) and edible buttons -- a parody of Q, who holds a similar position in the James Bond\",\n \"title\": \"Stacy Keach Sr.\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3471021\",\n \"text\": \"and the PPK are offered in the following calibers: .32 ACP (with capacities of 8 for PPK/S and 7 for PPK); or .380 ACP (PPK/S: 7; PPK: 6). The PPK/S is also offered in .22 LR with capacity of 10 rounds. In the 1960s, Walther produced the PPK-L, which was a light-weight variant of the PPK. The PPK-L differed from the standard, all steel PPK in that it had an aluminium alloy frame. These were only chambered in 7.65mm Browning (.32 ACP) and .22 LR because of the increase in felt recoil from the lighter weight of the gun. All\",\n \"title\": \"Walther PP\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7009937\",\n \"text\": \"grips on surviving examples. All original grips featured \\\"SUS\\\" lettering standing for \\\"Sauer und Sohn\\\" which could be found on the same side of the pistol as the magazine release though many reproduction grips have copied this logo. It is unusual for a present-day example to have original, undamaged grips. The Sauer 38H was produced mainly for the .32 ACP cartridge, however some rare examples were also made in .380 ACP and .22 LR. The model 38H was used by German armed forces such as the Luftwaffe, as well as police forces in numbers nearly equal to the Walther PPK.\",\n \"title\": \"Sauer 38H\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4351567\",\n \"text\": \"& Wesson Model 36 .38 Special snub-nosed revolver as his back-up weapons. During the first two seasons, Hunter used a Desert Eagle in .44 Magnum and McCall used a Walther PPK in .32 ACP. In several episodes, a Franchi SPAS 12 12-gauge shotgun was kept in the trunk of Hunter's car. During the second season for a few episodes, Rick Hunter used a Ruger Speed Six in .357 magnum (2½\\\" barrel). During one episode of the second season, Rick Hunter used a Smith & Wesson Model 10 revolver in .38 Special. During seasons three and four, Hunter carries an Astra\",\n \"title\": \"Hunter (1984 U.S. TV series)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6835979\",\n \"text\": \"used as a concealed weapon by plainclothes police detectives. It's was made with either a 2\\\" or 3\\\" barrels. Introduced in 1927, the Detective Special was the first snubnosed revolvers produced with a modern swing-out frame. It was designed from the outset to be chambered for higher-powered cartridges such as the .38 Special, considered to be a powerful caliber for a concealable pocket revolver of the day. The Walther PP (\\\"Polizeipistole\\\", or police pistol) series pistols were introduced in 1929 and are among the world's first successful double action, blowback-operated semi-automatic pistols, developed by the German arms manufacturer Carl Walther\",\n \"title\": \"Pocket pistol\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11123599\",\n \"text\": \"never killed Dracula. The version of Rome shown in the book is heavily influenced by Italian filmmaker Federico Fellini. As always in the series, the novel contains a number of characters from other fictional works, though due to copyright restrictions some are not named or are given aliases. Some of these identity shifts are quite clear (such as the character of Commander Hamish Bond, who has a fondness for martinis, drives an Aston Martin, carries a Walther PPK, has the Scots version of the name \\\"James\\\" for his name, and gets to say \\\"the bitch is dead.\\\"), while some are\",\n \"title\": \"Dracula Cha Cha Cha\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5090894\",\n \"text\": \"later continuation series by John Gardner. In 1965, Kingsley Amis wrote \\\"The Book of Bond or Every Man His Own 007\\\", a tongue-in-cheek manual for prospective secret agents, illustrated with examples from Fleming's novels. For this work, Amis used the pseudonym \\\"Lt. Colonel William ('Bill') Tanner\\\". In \\\"The Man with the Golden Gun\\\", Bill Tanner is only seen briefly in the film and is not mentioned by name until the end credits. He appears in M's office with M and Colthorpe, discussing Francisco Scaramanga, who has sent a bullet to MI6 printed with Bond's ID number. He explains Scaramanga's fingerprints\",\n \"title\": \"Bill Tanner\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3471022\",\n \"text\": \"other features of the postwar production PPK (brown plastic grips with Walther banner, high polished blue finish, lanyard loop, loaded chamber indicator, 7+1 magazine capacity and overall length) were the same on the PPK-L. First marketed in 1972, this was an all-steel variant of the PP chambered for the 9×18mm Ultra cartridge. Designed as a police service pistol, it was a blowback operated, double-action pistol with an external slide-stop lever and a firing-pin safety. A manual decocker lever was on the left side of the slide; when pushed down, it locked the firing pin and released the hammer. When the\",\n \"title\": \"Walther PP\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3605672\",\n \"text\": \"V (the letter) in \\\"Icebreaker\\\". They return in a larger role in \\\"No Deals, Mr. Bond\\\", renamed Department Eight, Directorate S, a KGB sub-section. In the film series, Bond's archenemy became SPECTRE, which first appeared in Fleming's novel \\\"Thunderball\\\" (1961). SPECTRE is introduced in the first film, \\\"Dr. No\\\" (1962), in which Julius No explains to Bond that it is the acronym for the \\\"SPecial Executive for Counterintelligence, Terrorism, Revenge, and Extortion\\\", the four great cornerstones of power. Film versions of novels where SMERSH appears substituted either SPECTRE or independent villains. Although twice referred to, SMERSH never appears in the\",\n \"title\": \"SMERSH (James Bond)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1992499\",\n \"text\": \"pursues him. Scaramanga lulls Bond off-guard and shoots him with a golden derringer hidden in his palm. Bond is hit but returns fire and shoots Scaramanga several times, killing him at last. As Bond recuperates in hospital, he receives word from M that he is being considered for a knighthood. Bond turns down the offer, reflecting that any sort of public recognition would interfere with his duties in the Secret Service. The central character of the novel is James Bond. In \\\"The Man with the Golden Gun\\\", he appears with a different personality from the previous stories and is robot-like,\",\n \"title\": \"The Man with the Golden Gun (novel)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15360469\",\n \"text\": \"are often juxtaposed against compassion and a fairy-tale atmosphere. For protection and hunting, Kino carries a .44 single action revolver (called \\\"the Cannon\\\", based on a Colt M1851) that uses liquid explosives in place of gunpowder and a .22 automatic pistol (named \\\"the Woodsman\\\", based on a Colt Woodsman). Later in Kino's adventures in the novels, Kino also uses a pump action shotgun (based on a Winchester M1897) and a semi-automatic sniper rifle (called \\\"the Flute\\\", based on an M14 rifle), along with a variety of other tools, including knives. In the anime, Kino is shown to carry no fewer\",\n \"title\": \"Kino's Journey\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9593128\",\n \"text\": \"rapidly under fire. In addition to Walther PP pistols (later replaced with .357 magnum Ruger Speed Six revolvers, which were reckoned to have more 'stopping power' than the standard Walther) and batons, each constable carried either a Stirling sub-machine gun, an Ruger 14 Carbine, or a 7.62 mm SLR rifle. A few officers were issued with Lee-Enfield sniper-rifles with telescopic sights, converted to use 7.62 mm ammunition.. The six-man teams were trained in special weapons and tactics (SWAT) techniques. The SPG was the closest thing the RUC had to a dedicated anti-paramilitary unit in the earlier days of the Troubles.\",\n \"title\": \"Special Patrol Group (RUC)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2113627\",\n \"text\": \"taking over his business. The novel also attempts to merge Benson's series with the films, particularly by continuing a middle-of-the-road approach to John Gardner's continuity. Notably it includes a reference to the film version of \\\"You Only Live Twice\\\" where he states that Bond was lying to Miss Moneypenny when he said he had taken a course in Asian languages. \\\"Tomorrow Never Dies\\\" also mentions Felix Leiter, although it states that Leiter had worked for Pinkertons Detective Agency, which is thus exclusive to the literary series. Subsequent Bond novels by Benson were affected by \\\"Tomorrow Never Dies\\\", specifically Bond's weapon\",\n \"title\": \"Tomorrow Never Dies\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8317366\",\n \"text\": \"which has remained a New York institution ever since. In 1934 (the year after Prohibition ended), bartender Fernand Petiot invented a drink at the St. Regis which he called the \\\"Red Snapper\\\". It has since become known around the world as the Bloody Mary and is the King Cole Bar's signature drink. In the Ian Fleming novel \\\"Live and Let Die\\\", James Bond stays at the St. Regis and has a drink with Felix Leiter in the King Cole Bar. In the 1972 movie \\\"The Godfather\\\", Willie Cicci has a shave in the St. Regis barbershop just before he assassinates\",\n \"title\": \"St. Regis New York\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6282962\",\n \"text\": \"Solace\\\", the blood is dark red and runs down the frame in rivulets. However, Bond moves across the screen substantially slower (at a similar speed to the pre-\\\"Casino Royale\\\" sequences). Unlike all previous gun barrel openings, Craig swings both his arms as he walks, resulting in a partial glimpse of his gun before he turns to fire. After the blood runs down the frame, the screen fades to black, before being replaced by a title card with a small gun barrel logo celebrating fifty years of Bond films and the text \\\"James Bond Will Return\\\" underneath. This gun barrel sequence\",\n \"title\": \"Gun barrel sequence\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8542108\",\n \"text\": \"indexing system which allows the suppressor to be reoriented in a number of different rotational positions, allowing the end user to fine-tune the weapon's point of aim. Some pistols which are blowback, delayed blowback or gas operated have fixed, i.e., non-moving barrels, which do not benefit from a Nielsen device. Examples of such pistols are : the H&K P7 and P9, Walther PP/PPK, Korth PRS, Korriphila HSP701, Makarov, CZ 82 and others. In certain cases, spacers can be used to allow the use of a Nielsen device-equipped suppressor on a fixed-barrel pistol. Some blank firing adapters (BFAs) act as recoil\",\n \"title\": \"Muzzle booster\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"compressed_ctxs_1":{"kind":"string","value":"{\n \"compressed_prompt\": \"Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\\n\\ntitle: Filming of James Bond in the 1990s context: Hatcher after realising she was pregnant and was late for that reason. \\\"Tom Never Dies\\\" marked the first appearance of the Walther P99 as Bond's pistol. It replaced the Walther PPK that the character had carried in every Eon Bond film since of \\\"Dr. No\\\" in 1962, with the exception of \\\"Moonraker\\\" in which Bond was not seen with a pistol. Walther wanted to debut its new firearm in a Bond film, which had been one of its most visible endorsers. Previously the P5 was introduced in \\\"Octopussy\\\". Bond would use the P99 until Daniel Craig reverted to the PPK\\n\\nIn the early James Bond books, Agent 007 packed a Walther PPK. What weapon replaced it in his later appearances?\",\n \"compressed_tokens\": 213,\n \"origin_tokens\": 213,\n \"ratio\": \"1.0x\",\n \"saving\": \", Saving $0.0 in GPT-4.\"\n}"},"compressed_ctxs_100":{"kind":"string","value":"{\n \"compressed_prompt\": \"Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\\n\\ntitle: James Bond context: Colt .45 Army Special. The first Bond film, \\\"Dr. No\\\", saw M ordering Bond to leave his Beretta behind and take up the Walther PPK, which the film Bond used in eighteen films. In \\\"Tomorrow Never Dies\\\" and the two subsequent films, Bond's main weapon was the Walther P99 semi-automatic pistol. In the early Bond stories Fleming gave Bond a battleship-gre Bentley Litre with an Amherst Villiers supercharger. After Bond's car was written off by Hugo Drax in \\\"Moonraker\\\", Fleming gave Bond a Mark II Continental Bentley, which he used in the remaining books of the series. During \\\"Goldfinger\\\", Bond\\n\\ntitle: WaltherP context: early novels, but switched to the PPKDr. No on advice firearms Geoffrey Boothroyd, though the carried Bond Felix Leiter in the film, in fact, Walther PPs. A Jack Lord was presented with pl one ivory handgrips S Elvis Pres owned a silver-finish PPK inscribedTCB\\\" (\\\"taking care of business\\\"). The PPK/S was developed following the enactment of the Gun Control Act of 1968 (G68) in the United States, the pistol's largest market. One of the provisions of GCA68 banned the importation of pistols and revolvers meeting\\n Man withnovel context:ues Scaramangaulls off- and shoots him with derringer in pal. Bond but returns andots Scanga several times, him at last. As Bond recuperates hospital, receives word from that he is considered a knighthood. turns the offer reflecting that of public recognition would interf with his in the Service. of the novel is James In \\\"The the appears from previous stories and is,\\n: PlayStation 3 under the title\\\". In01 \\\"7 was, which from the Bondonctions the withetta8 from aold andrey Boothroyd, criticising Fleming's choice of firearm for Bond, calling it \\\"a lady's gun – and not a very nice lady at that!\\\" Boothroyd suggested that Bond should swap his Beretta for a Walther PPK 7.65mm and this exchange of arms made it to \\\"Dr.\\n\\nIn the early James Bond books, Agent 007 packed a Walther PPK. What weapon replaced it in his later appearances?\",\n \"compressed_tokens\": 520,\n \"origin_tokens\": 14824,\n \"ratio\": \"28.5x\",\n \"saving\": \", Saving $0.9 in GPT-4.\"\n}"}}},{"rowIdx":290,"cells":{"id":{"kind":"number","value":290,"string":"290"},"question":{"kind":"string","value":"\"Who said \"\"Nothing is so much to be feared as fear?\""},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["Henry David Thoreau, in his 14-volume Journal, published posthumously in 1906"],"string":"[\n \"Henry David Thoreau, in his 14-volume Journal, published posthumously in 1906\"\n]","isConversational":false},"target":{"kind":"string","value":"Henry David Thoreau, in his 14-volume Journal, published posthumously in 1906"},"ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"id":"643772","text":"German army chaplain, recalled at the time of her execution, \"I do not believe that Miss Cavell wanted to be a martyr ... but she was ready to die for her country ... Miss Cavell was a very brave woman and a faithful Christian\". Another account from Anglican chaplain, the Reverend Gahan, remembers Cavell's words, \"I have no fear or shrinking; I have seen death so often it is not strange, or fearful to me!\" In this interpretation, her stoicism was seen as remarkable for a non-combatant woman, and brought her even greater renown than a man in similar circumstances","title":"Edith Cavell"},{"id":"9505841","text":"meat-a-ball! / Hey, great, a toothpaste should fight cavities / I can't believe I ate that whole... / (clip) / And now, Terry O'Reilly and The Age of Persuasion / Ho,ho,ho / Hoo-hoo! / Mamma mia! / There you go again.\" \"I'm Barack Obama, and I approve this message / \"Another cup of Maxwell House coffee, George?\" \"Sure, pour me a cup, Gracie!\" / Hoo-wah! / \"Hello, I'm a Mac,\" \"And I'm a PC!\" \"Whooooo!\" \"Whoo!\" / The only thing we have to fear is... / (clip) / And now, Terry O'Reilly and The Age of Persuasion / Bromo-Seltzer, Bromo-Seltzer,","title":"The Age of Persuasion"},{"id":"6444845","text":"important speeches for the president. For example, he wrote the majority of Roosevelt's first inaugural address, although he is not credited with penning the famous line, \"the only thing we have to fear is fear itself.\" He was responsible for FDR's use of the term \"the Forgotten Man\" in earlier speeches. He claimed credit for inventing the term \"New Deal,\" though its precise provenance remains open to debate. Moley also wrote various pamphlets and articles on the teaching of government. Praising the new president's first moves in March 1933, he concluded that capitalism \"was saved in eight days.\" In mid-1933","title":"Raymond Moley"},{"id":"800219","text":"catchy snippets of information had a significant negative impact on American political discourse. In contrast, Peggy Noonan feels that sound bites have acquired a negative connotation but are not inherently negative, and that what we now think of as great historical sound bites—such as \"The only thing we have to fear is fear itself\", the most famous phrase in Franklin D. Roosevelt's first Inaugural Address—were examples of eloquent speakers unselfconsciously and \"simply trying in words to capture the essence of the thought they wished to communicate.\" The increased use of sound bites in news media has been criticized, and has","title":"Sound bite"},{"id":"8731813","text":"Roach in poetry. Winner: Nominees: Winner: 2 Finalists: Nominees: Winner: Finalists: Nominees: Winner: Finalists: Nominees: Winner: Nominees: Winner: 2 Finalists: Nominees\":\" Winner: 2 Finalists: Nominees: Winner: 2 Finalists: Nominees: Winner: Nominees Winner: 2 Finalists: Nominees\":\" Winner: 2 Finalists: Nominees: Winner: 2 Finalists: Nominees: Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Nominees Winner Nominees Winner Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winners Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Nominees Winner","title":"Hurston-Wright Legacy Award"},{"id":"18378661","text":"Algerian armies, send in tanks to demolish entire villages. Resisting temptations to resort to small-arms warfare in the face of the vast military resources of the Israeli armed forces, Palestinians took to throwing stones, an improvised weapon which had deep symbolic resonances of a cultural, historical and religious kind. As a popular song at the time put it, the stone became their Kalashnikov. <poem>\"mā fī khawf mā fī khawf \"al-ḥajar ṣār klashnikūf,\" ('There is no fear, there is no fear For the stone has become the Kalashnikov.')</poem> Another popular refrain runs <poem>\"ṣabarnā kthīr bidnā thār \"bi al-ḍaffaih w kull al-qitā'","title":"Palestinian stone-throwing"},{"id":"16892970","text":"assertion that America is willing to negotiate with its adversaries \"not because we are naïve about the dangers we face, but because engagement can more durably lift suspicion and fear\" was reminiscent of Kennedy's words that \"civility is not a sign of weakness … Let us never negotiate out of fear. But let us never fear to negotiate.\" Barack Obama described the American state of affairs with references to the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq as well as the 2007–2009 recession in the United States as follows: \"This generation of Americans has been tested by crises that steeled our resolve","title":"Second inauguration of Barack Obama"},{"id":"12234878","text":"'We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal.' Just words! 'We have nothing to fear but fear itself.' Just words – just speeches!\" Obama stated that he borrowed the lines after being recommend to do so by Patrick who had faced similar attacks that he was only offering talk but not action. On February 19, Clinton's losing streak to Obama stretched to ten in a row. Obama won the Wisconsin primary 58 percent to 41 percent, with a trend continuing of Clinton losing support in demographics that had previously been most favorable to her, such","title":"Hillary Clinton 2008 presidential primary campaign"},{"id":"6781756","text":"the work we are in, to bind up the nation's wounds, to care for him who shall have borne the battle and for his widow and his orphan, to do all which may achieve and cherish a just and lasting peace among ourselves and with all nations.\" In 1933, Franklin D. Roosevelt avowed, \"we have nothing to fear but fear itself.\" And in 1961, John F. Kennedy declared, \"And so my fellow Americans: ask not what your country can do for you – ask what you can do for your country.\" On the eight occasions where the new president succeeded","title":"United States presidential inauguration"},{"id":"9505842","text":"Bromo-Seltzer... / Got milk? / Don't leave home without it / Isn't that amazing?\" \"I'm not a doctor, but I play one on TV / It's the fishing invention of the century / This is only a test / It's Patrick, he took out life insurance / I'm not only the Hair Club president, I'm also a client / The only thing we have to fear is... / (clip) / And now, Terry O'Reilly and The Age of Persuasion / Takes a licking and keeps on ticking / He likes it! Hey, Mikey! / Yes! We! Can!\" \"Hello, ladies /","title":"The Age of Persuasion"},{"id":"6761342","text":"made himself the enemy of what many saw as corrupt labor leaders, particularly by his appointment of Assistant Attorney General Ralph E. Moody to prosecute many union people accused of arson and assault. He was often quoted for his rephrasing of President Roosevelt's famous pronouncement on fear, saying, \"We have nothing to fear from the future except our own foolishness and slothfulness.\" His criticism of President Roosevelt, however, cost Martin a bitterly contested bid for the Democratic Party of Oregon's gubernatorial nomination in 1938. After losing the nomination, Martin retired from active politics to his Portland home. He died on","title":"Charles Martin (Oregon politician)"},{"id":"9969504","text":"Carbon Credits, he often says, \"You can trust me: I'm not like the others.\" When a caller delivers a rhetorical blow, Carr's signature retort is, after Red Buttons, \"I didn't come here to be made sport of.\" When current events induce him to gloat, he always precedes it with, \"My heart feels like an alligator,\" a line from Hunter S. Thompson's book \"Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas.\" Callers wishing to report unsavory or embarrassing details about themselves or others can request the \"voice-changer.\" Carr introduces \"the Witness Protection Program of \"The Howie Carr Show,\"\" adding, \"Now no one will","title":"The Howie Carr Show"},{"id":"336326","text":"the National League for Democracy in Myanmar (Burma), who became State Counsellor (similar to prime minister) of Myanmar in April 2016. A devout Buddhist, Suu Kyi won the Rafto Prize and the Sakharov Prize for Freedom of Thought in 1990 and in 1991 was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for her peaceful and non-violent struggle under a repressive military dictatorship. One of her best known speeches is the \"Freedom From Fear\" speech, which begins, \"It is not power that corrupts but fear. Fear of losing power corrupts those who wield it and fear of the scourge of power corrupts those","title":"Pacifism"},{"id":"135271","text":"dogs. In this study, an 11-month-old boy was conditioned to fear a white rat in the laboratory. The fear became generalized to include other white, furry objects, such as a rabbit, dog, and even a ball of cotton. Fear can be learned by experiencing or watching a frightening traumatic accident. For example, if a child falls into a well and struggles to get out, he or she may develop a fear of wells, heights (acrophobia), enclosed spaces (claustrophobia), or water (aquaphobia). There are studies looking at areas of the brain that are affected in relation to fear. When looking at","title":"Fear"},{"id":"12944507","text":"writer Ted Sorensen. Kennedy had Sorensen study President Abraham Lincoln's Gettysburg Address as well as other inaugural speeches. Kennedy began collecting thoughts and ideas for his inauguration speech in late November 1960. He took suggestions from various friends, aides and counselors, including suggestions from clergymen for biblical quotations. Kennedy then made several drafts using his own thoughts and some of those suggestions. Kennedy included in his speech several suggestions made by Harvard economist John Kenneth Galbraith and by the former Democratic presidential candidate Adlai Stevenson II. Kennedy's line \"Let us never negotiate out of fear. But let us never fear","title":"Inauguration of John F. Kennedy"},{"id":"8951373","text":"to earth in a language that everybody here can easily understand.\"\" The unabridged beginning of the speech is: \"\"... And during the few moments that we have left, we want to have just an off-the-cuff chat between you and me—us. We want to talk right down to earth in a language that everybody here can easily understand.\"\" During a rest in the music at 4:35, John F. Kennedy's inaugural address is heard (\"Ask not what your country can do for you ...\"). The song ends with Franklin D. Roosevelt saying \"The only thing we have to fear is fear itself\",","title":"Cult of Personality (song)"},{"id":"516781","text":"his former partner Simon de Colines who also married Robert's mother, the widow Estienne. In 1526 Robert assumed control of his father's printing shop while de Colines established his own firm nearby. In 1539 Robert adopted as his device an olive branch around which a serpent was twined, and a man standing under an olive-tree, with grafts from which wild branches were falling to the ground, with the words of Romans 11:20, \"Noli altum sapere, sed time ...\" (\"Be not high-minded, but fear\"). The latter was called the olive of the Stephens family. In 1539 he received the distinguishing title","title":"Robert Estienne"},{"id":"17792435","text":"1907: 1908: 1909: 1910: 1911: 1912: 1913: 1914: 1915: 1917: 1918: 1920: 1921: 1922: 1923: 1925: 1926: 1927: 1928: 1929: 1930: 1931: 1932: 1933: 1934: 1935: 1936: 1937: 1938: 1940: 1941: 1942: 1943: 1945: 1946: 1947: 1949: 1950: 1951: 1955: 1957: 1959: 1962: 1963: 1964: 1965: 1966: 1969: 1970: 1971: 1972: 1975: 1976: 1977: 1978: 1979: 1980: 1982: 1983: 1984: 1987: 1988: 1994: 1996: 2001: 2005–2006: 2006: 2011: 2013: 2016: Timeline of women's education This is a timeline of women's education. 1237 1239 1608 1636 1639 1644 1674 1678 1685 1727 1732 1742 1751 1783 1786 1787 1788 1803 1818","title":"Timeline of women's education"},{"id":"3286210","text":"Marenghi is a spoof pulp horror author; his act, and his works are considered a parody of the horror genre. The name \"Garth Marenghi\" is an anagram of the phrase \"argh nightmare.\" The character is highly conceited and narcissistic, often describing himself through epithets such as \"the dream weaver\", \"shaman\", \"titan of terror\", \"The One Man Fear Factory\" and \"master of the macabre.\" In interviews, he compares himself positively with James Joyce, Shakespeare, Leonardo da Vinci and Jesus. Despite this, Marenghi displays a general ignorance of many subjects of which he claims knowledge. He claims to be self-taught, having left","title":"Garth Marenghi"},{"id":"9505840","text":"is announced in the middle of the clips. In each episode, one clip is different, similar to the couch gag in the opening to \"The Simpsons\". \"Read. My. Lips. / This is the CBS News / I've fallen and I can't get up! / Don't be a square / The only thing we have to fear is... / (clip) / And now, Terry O'Reilly and The Age of Persuasion / Oh, the humanity! / Chops, dices, minces / Yeeeargh! / It's that simple.\" \"I want chicken, I want liver / \"I wanna bottle of Coca-Cola!\" \"Sonny...\" / That's a spicy","title":"The Age of Persuasion"},{"id":"10150541","text":"James Neil Hollingworth James Neil Hollingworth (1933–1996) was a disabled, beatnik, hippie, writer, and former manager of the psychedelic folk rock bands Quicksilver Messenger Service and Ace of Cups. He wrote under the pseudonym Ambrose Hollingworth Redmoon. An often quoted aphorism penned by Hollingworth is \"Courage is not the absence of fear, but rather the judgment that something else is more important than one's fear.\"Ambrose was a co-founder, or maybe founder of Six Day School located high on Mt. Shasta, a mountain top in Siskiyou County. It was a school that prepared students for survival in the midst of Armageddon","title":"James Neil Hollingworth"},{"id":"3360790","text":"New York City family and was educated at Groton, a private Massachusetts preparatory school, had a number of characteristic patterns. His speech is non-rhotic; one of Roosevelt's most frequently heard speeches has a falling diphthong in the word \"fear\", which distinguishes it from other forms of surviving non-rhotic speech in the United States. \"Linking \"r\"\" appears in Roosevelt's delivery of the words \"The only thing we have to fear is fear itself\"; this pronunciation of \"r\" is also famously recorded in his Pearl Harbor speech, for example, in the phrase \"naval and air forces of the Empire of Japan\". After","title":"Mid-Atlantic accent"},{"id":"6455581","text":"providing a sanitized version of events and downplaying the existence of piranha. Her voice is heard carrying out over a radio on the shore of a West Coast beach. As she says \"there's nothing left to fear\", the piranha's characteristic trilling sound drowns out the waves on a beach. The film was released theatrically in the United States by New World Pictures in August 1978. Given the proximity to \"Jaws 2\", Universal Pictures had considered an injunction, but Spielberg convinced them otherwise. In 2004, New Concorde Home Entertainment released the film on special edition DVD. This version is currently out","title":"Piranha (1978 film)"},{"id":"6234607","text":"international fame as President of the United Nations General Assembly in 1948-49, where he was instrumental in the drafting of the United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948). The Evatt family motto, as recorded on the 13th Century Evatt Coat of Arms held by the Evatt family of New Zealand, is \"Be Just and Fear Not\". An alternate version of the motto, as recorded on the 17th Century Family Crest held by the Evett Family of New Zealand, is \"Festina Lente\" - \"More haste, less speed\". Evatt The surname Evatt is British, with Norman French roots. Modern spelling deviations","title":"Evatt"},{"id":"600265","text":"from a variety of sources. In a letter to Uhlig, Wagner recounted \"The Story of the Youth Who Went Forth to Learn What Fear Was\", based on a fairy-tale of the Brothers Grimm. It concerns a boy so stupid he had never learned to be afraid. Wagner wrote that the boy and Siegfried are the same character. The boy is taught to fear by his wife, and Siegfried learns it when he discovers the sleeping Brünnhilde. Siegfried's ability in Act Two to see through Mime's deceitful words seems to have been derived from a 19th-century street theatre version of the","title":"Siegfried (opera)"},{"id":"13382943","text":"1490s in poetry Nationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature (for instance, Irish or France). 1491: 1492: 1493: 1494: 1495: 1496: 1497: 1498: 1499: Death years link to the corresponding \"[year] in poetry\" article. There are conflicting or unreliable sources for the birth years of many people born in this period; where sources conflict, the poet is listed again and the conflict is noted: 1490: 1491: 1492: 1493: 1494: 1495: 1496: 1497: 1498: 1499: Birth years link to the corresponding \"[year] in poetry\" article: 1490: 1491: 1492: 1493: 1494: 1495: 1496: 1497: 1498: 1499:","title":"1490s in poetry"},{"id":"12767021","text":"flog 'em brigade' is often used in British Politics to describe the far right who may support capital punishment, corporal punishment and a repeal of certain 'human rights'. The opposing side is often thus referred to as the 'Human rights brigade'. The term 'Nothing to hide, nothing to fear brigade' is used in regards to people who support increased state surveillance - particularly in the UK - with the justification that only people who are willingly committing crimes would need to worry about being under scrutiny. The opposing side is often called the 'Orwell brigade', the '1984 brigade', or the","title":"Brigade (pejorative)"},{"id":"13382944","text":"Other events: 16th century: 1490s in poetry Nationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature (for instance, Irish or France). 1491: 1492: 1493: 1494: 1495: 1496: 1497: 1498: 1499: Death years link to the corresponding \"[year] in poetry\" article. There are conflicting or unreliable sources for the birth years of many people born in this period; where sources conflict, the poet is listed again and the conflict is noted: 1490: 1491: 1492: 1493: 1494: 1495: 1496: 1497: 1498: 1499: Birth years link to the corresponding \"[year] in poetry\" article: 1490: 1491: 1492: 1493: 1494: 1495:","title":"1490s in poetry"},{"id":"13921888","text":"a new collection of these stories. Bring 'Em Back Alive (book) Bring ‘Em Back Alive is a 1930 book by Frank Buck. His first book, it was a huge best seller that catapulted him to world fame and was translated into many languages. Buck tells of his adventures capturing exotic animals. Writing with Edward Anthony, Buck relates some of his most frightening experiences, among them, his battle with an escaped king cobra. This venomous snake is the only jungle animal, Buck says, that has no fear of either man or beast. \"Nowhere in the world is there an animal or","title":"Bring 'Em Back Alive (book)"},{"id":"9250018","text":"been a senior research fellow in the Centre of Global Studies in the Institute of Philosophy at the Czech Academy of Sciences in Prague. He is supporting several non-governmental ecological organizations and is member of Honorary board of Děti Země (Children of the Earth) and Společnost pro trvale udržitelný život (Society for Sustainable Living). Kohak has said in 2007 for BBC: \"We have nothing to fear from a Russia in the ascendant.\" Erazim Kohák Erazim Kohák (born 21 May 1933 in Prague) is a Czech philosopher and writer. His early education was in Prague. After communists took over Czechoslovakia in","title":"Erazim Kohák"},{"id":"15171997","text":"Comics in Manhattan. \"You will absolutely see the real world inject itself into this story because it's undeniable that there's a certain something in the air right now…we tend to tap into that whether consciously or unconsciously and it effects [sic] all our stories.\" The storyline's title is a by Franklin D. Roosevelt: \"So, first of all, let me assert my firm belief that the only thing we have to fear is fear itself—nameless, unreasoning, unjustified terror which paralyzes needed efforts to convert retreat into advance\", as indicated by the use of a portion that quote as part of the","title":"Fear Itself (comics)"},{"id":"13921884","text":"Bring 'Em Back Alive (book) Bring ‘Em Back Alive is a 1930 book by Frank Buck. His first book, it was a huge best seller that catapulted him to world fame and was translated into many languages. Buck tells of his adventures capturing exotic animals. Writing with Edward Anthony, Buck relates some of his most frightening experiences, among them, his battle with an escaped king cobra. This venomous snake is the only jungle animal, Buck says, that has no fear of either man or beast. \"Nowhere in the world is there an animal or reptile that can quite match its","title":"Bring 'Em Back Alive (book)"},{"id":"5321377","text":"sultan Bayezid I did not suffer from gout, he would have conquered Central Europe, Winston Churchill's statement that if King Alexander had not died of a monkey bite, the Greco-Turkish War would have been avoided, and Leon Trotsky's remark that if he not contracted a cold while duck hunting, he would not have missed a crucial Politburo meeting in 1923. Rather than accidents, Carr asserted history was a series of causal chains interacting with each other. Carr contemptuously compared those like Winston Churchill who in his book \"The World Crisis\" claimed that the death of King Alexander from a monkey","title":"What Is History?"},{"id":"3282240","text":"disabled leg and walking with a cane, could not have jumped from the deck into a lifeboat, so he was trapped. Instead, he and millionaire Alfred Vanderbilt tied lifejackets to \"Moses baskets\" containing infants who had been asleep in the nursery when the torpedo struck. Frohman then went out onto the deck, where he was joined by actress Rita Jolivet, her brother-in-law George Vernon and Captain Alick Scott. In the final moments, they clasped hands and Frohman paraphrased his greatest hit, \"Peter Pan\": \"Why fear death? It is the most beautiful adventure that life gives us.\" Jolivet, the only survivor","title":"Charles Frohman"},{"id":"5161400","text":"Germany for collecting money to the defence of Croatia. She had some concerts in Zagreb with Serge Lama. Jacques Chirac honored Tereza in 1999 with Knighthood of High Decoration of Arts and Culture. And she and was also bestowed with the Golden Chart of Humanism. She started to reconstruct a house from 18th century near Dubrovnik. It was a house of an old aristocratic family. In the new millennium, she entered with her big hit – I ni me stra' (And I don't have any fear). In 2002 her concert from Olympia was realised on CD edition. This 2002 is","title":"Tereza Kesovija"},{"id":"4018028","text":"H. W. Nevinson would later write that \"Montague is the only man I know whose white hair in a single night turned dark through courage.\" He began as a grenadier-sergeant, and rose to lieutenant and then captain of intelligence in 1915. Later in the war, he became an armed escort for VIPs visiting the battlefield. He escorted such personalities as H.G. Wells and Bernard Shaw. After the end of World War I he wrote in a strong anti-war vein. He wrote that \"War hath no fury like a non-combatant.\" \"Disenchantment\" (1922), a collection of newspaper articles about the war, was","title":"Charles Edward Montague"},{"id":"1727058","text":"term expiration up to eighteen additional months. Under Franklin D. Roosevelt: Under Harry S. Truman: Under Dwight D. Eisenhower: Under John F. Kennedy: Under Lyndon B. Johnson: Under Richard Nixon: Under Gerald Ford: Under Jimmy Carter: Under Ronald Reagan: Under George H. W. Bush: Under Bill Clinton: Under George W. Bush: Under Barack Obama: Under Donald Trump: Securities and Exchange Commission appointees Members of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission are appointed by the President of the United States. As of 2011, their terms last five years and are staggered so that one commissioner's term ends on June 5 of","title":"Securities and Exchange Commission appointees"},{"id":"3480064","text":"copies themselves – a similar deal had been struck with such writers as Dylan Thomas and Philip Larkin for their first anthologies. The slim volume was dedicated to the memory of Richard Wagner, with a quote from Rilke's \"Duino Elegies\": \"... das Schöne ist nichts als des Schrecklichen Anfang, den wir noch grade ertragen\" (\"... beauty is nothing but the beginning of terror, that we are still able to bear\"). Magee said later: \"I'm rather ashamed of the poems now, although I have written poems since which I haven't published, which I secretly think are rather good. It has always","title":"Bryan Magee"},{"id":"135276","text":"were, in order: terrorist attacks, spiders, death, failure, war, criminal or gang violence, being alone, the future, and nuclear war. In an estimate of what people fear the most, book author Bill Tancer analyzed the most frequent online queries that involved the phrase, \"fear of...\" following the assumption that people tend to seek information on the issues that concern them the most. His top ten list of fears published 2008 consisted of flying, heights, clowns, intimacy, death, rejection, people, snakes, failure, and driving. According to surveys, some of the most common fears are of demons and ghosts, the existence of","title":"Fear"},{"id":"8454862","text":"extensive collection of live reptiles and amphibians in its now-defunct natural history museum. Wiley brought much attention while working in Minneapolis, even appearing in national publications like \"Time\" and \"Life\". At the time, it was very unusual for a woman to be a curator of reptiles, and Wiley earned a reputation as a \"woman without fear.\" Taking advantage of her fame, Wiley strove to change the public's negative perception of snakes, arguing, “The fear of snakes is cultivated. We are not born with it. Children love snakes as naturally as they love dogs and cats. Don’t be afraid of a","title":"Grace Olive Wiley"},{"id":"2561172","text":"Minnesota Book Awards, again in the \"Best Novel\" category. She also received the Herodotus Award for \"Best Short Story Historical Mystery\" in 2000 for her short story \"Neither Pity, Love, Nor Fear\" Margaret Frazer Margaret Frazer, born Gail Lynn Brown (November 26, 1946 – February 4, 2013), was an American historical novelist, best known for more than twenty historical mystery novels and a variety of short stories. The pen name was originally shared by Frazer and Mary Monica Pulver Kuhfeld in their collaboration on \"The Novice's Tale\", the first of the \"Sister Frevisse\" books featuring the Benedictine nun Dame Frevisse.","title":"Margaret Frazer"},{"id":"1414181","text":"Norris dropped the lawsuit in 2008. The book is a New York Times Best Seller. Since then, Spector has published four more books based on Chuck Norris facts, these are \"Chuck Norris Cannot Be Stopped: 400 All-New Facts About the Man Who Knows Neither Fear Nor Mercy\", \"Chuck Norris: Longer and Harder: The Complete Chronicle of the World's Deadliest, Sexiest, and Beardiest Man\", \"The Last Stand of Chuck Norris: 400 All New Facts About the Most Terrifying Man in the Universe\", and \"Chuck Norris Vs. Mr. T: 400 Facts About the Baddest Dudes in the History of Ever\" (also a","title":"Chuck Norris"},{"id":"14548234","text":"accused of quoting Joseph Goebbels in defending a new surveillance bill with the words \"if you've nothing to hide you have nothing to fear\". \"The Independent\" pointed out that former Conservative Foreign Secretary William Hague had also used the same phrase in 2013 whilst Graham dismissed the argument as \"clearly absurd\" as Goebbels would have spoken in German. In 2016, Graham was a member of the joint Select Committee which investigated the British Home Stores Pension Fund. He asked Sir Philip Green, who had responded angrily to previous questions about corporate governance, if he regarded the offshore company structure as","title":"Richard Graham (politician)"},{"id":"7152475","text":"a constructive problem solving manner and in a benign approach rather than to engage with heightened anticipation on the possible negative outcome. Greek thinkers such as stoic philosopher Epictetus and Seneca advised against worry. Albert Ellis, the inventor of cognitive behavioural therapy, was inspired by the Stoics’ therapeutic ideas. The biblical word used in Hebrew for worry (, \"\") regards worry as a combined form of fear and sorrow which affects nephesh, the totality of our being. The bible takes a fortitude-strengthening approach regarding worrying e.g. Psalm 94: In the New Testament, the Gospel of Matthew encourages: St. Paul writes","title":"Worry"},{"id":"6699182","text":"Costello's company, Exclusive Productions, and the second color film, \"Abbott and Costello Meet Captain Kidd\" using Abbott's company, Woodley Productions. Songs written by Lester Lee and Bob Russell<br> \"Jack and the Beanstalk\" <br> \"I Fear Nothing\"<br> \"Dreamer's Cloth\" <br> \"He Never Looked Better In His Life\" A soundtrack, including songs and dialogue, was released on Decca Records on June 9, 1952. The film was re-released in 1960 by RKO Pictures. As this film is in the public domain, there have been at least a dozen DVD releases from several companies over the years. Diamond Entertainment Corporation released a DVD on","title":"Jack and the Beanstalk (1952 film)"},{"id":"135322","text":"in the face of concepts such as moral absolutism and moral universalism – which would hold that our morals are rooted in either the divine or natural laws of the universe, and would not be generated by any human feeling, thought or emotion. From a theological perspective, the word \"fear\" encompasses more than simple fear. Robert B. Strimple says that fear includes the \"... convergence of awe, reverence, adoration...\". Some translations of the Bible, such as the New International Version, sometimes replace the word \"fear\" with \"reverence\". Fear in religion can be seen throughout the years, however, the most prominent","title":"Fear"},{"id":"4210216","text":"become global celebrities. Critics have condemned Luce's \"jingoistic missionary zeal\". Others have noted the end of the 20th century and the American Century, most famously the late gonzo journalist Hunter S. Thompson who titled his autobiography \"Kingdom of Fear: Loathsome Secrets of a Star Crossed Child in the Last Days of the American Century\". With the advent of the new millennium, critics from the University of Illinois stated that it was a matter of debate whether America was losing its superpower status, especially in relation to China's rise. Other analysts have made the case for the \"American Century\" fitting neatly","title":"American Century"},{"id":"11735801","text":"only version of the phrase that survives from antiquity. In the modern era, it was paraphrased as \"Noli turbare circulos meos\" and then translated to Katharevousa Greek as \"μὴ μου τοὺς κύκλους τάραττε!\" (\"Mē mou tous kuklous taratte!\"). Noli turbare circulos meos! \"Nōlī turbāre circulōs meōs!\" is a Latin phrase, meaning \"Do not disturb my circles!\". It is said to have been uttered by Archimedes - in reference to a geometric figure he had outlined on the sand - when he was confronted by a Roman soldier. According to Valerius Maximus, the phrase was uttered by the ancient Greek mathematician","title":"Noli turbare circulos meos!"},{"id":"4239288","text":"share declined by 25 to 34 points, German was the largest or second-largest original nationality in 31. Non-interventionists rooted a significant portion of their arguments in historical precedent, citing events such as Washington's farewell address and the failure of World War I. \"If we have strong defenses and understand and believe in what we are defending, we need fear nobody in this world,\" Robert Maynard Hutchins, President of the University of Chicago, wrote in a 1940 essay. Isolationists believed that the safety of the nation was more important than any foreign war. As 1940 became 1941, the actions of the","title":"United States non-interventionism"},{"id":"866087","text":"first 24 hours and within the first ten days following delivery. Infection remains a major cause of maternal deaths and morbidity in the developing world. The work of Ignaz Semmelweis was seminal in the pathophysiology and treatment of childbed fever and his work saved many lives. Childbirth can be an intense event and strong emotions, both positive and negative, can be brought to the surface. Abnormal and persistent fear of childbirth is known as tokophobia. The prevalence of fear of childbirth around the world ranges between 4-25%, with 3-7% of pregnant women having clinical fear of childbirth. Most new mothers","title":"Childbirth"},{"id":"272013","text":"not be afraid to lose him'.\" He quoted from the \"Iliad\" what he called the \"briefest and most familiar saying...enough to dispel sorrow and fear\":<poem> leaves, the wind scatters some on the face of the ground; like unto them are the children of men.</poem> – \"Iliad\" vi.146 Another daughter was born on 7 March 150, Annia Aurelia Galeria Lucilla. At some time between 155 and 161, probably soon after 155, Marcus' mother Domitia Lucilla died. Faustina probably had another daughter in 151, but the child, Annia Galeria Aurelia Faustina, might not have been born until 153. Another son, Tiberius Aelius","title":"Marcus Aurelius"},{"id":"5672657","text":"you'll get back on track\", Manson later recalled. \"He kept me moving. And I did get back on track. Very shortly after that, I got the call to go and join Garbage\". Manson credited Greig with saving her career, a debt she tacitly acknowledged by quoting the line \"I'm afraid there is much to be afraid of\" from his 1994 long poem \"Western Swing\". Lyrically Manson felt that \"Breaking Up the Girl\" was \"a cautionary tale. It's basically saying the world we're living in is harsh and you've got to live in the moment. Focus on the now. If there's","title":"Breaking Up the Girl"},{"id":"1607454","text":"20 April. The policy in foreign affairs, which he pursued through the winter and spring of 1791-92, he combined with arousing the suspicions of the people against the monarchy, which he identified with the counter-revolution, and of forcing a change of ministry. On 10 March, Vergniaud delivered a powerful oration in which he denounced the intrigues of the court and uttered his famous apostrophe to the Tuileries: \"In ancient times fear and terror have often issued from that famous palace; let them re-enter it to-day in the name of the law!\" The speech overthrew Claude Antoine Valdec de Lessart, whose","title":"Pierre Victurnien Vergniaud"},{"id":"17792434","text":"Timeline of women's education This is a timeline of women's education. 1237 1239 1608 1636 1639 1644 1674 1678 1685 1727 1732 1742 1751 1783 1786 1787 1788 1803 1818 1822 1823 1826 1827 1829 1831 1834 1834 1837 1839 1841 1842 1843 1844 1847 1849 1850 1851 1852 1853 1854 1855 1857 1858 1859 1860 1861 1862 1863 1864 1865 1866 1866 1867 1868 1869 1870: 1871 1872: 1873: 1874: 1875: 1876: 1877: 1878: 1878: 1879: 1880: 1881: 1882: 1883: 1885: 1886: 1887: 1889: 1890: 1891: 1892: 1893: 1894: 1895: 1896: 1898: 1900: 1901: 1902: 1903: 1904: 1905: 1906:","title":"Timeline of women's education"},{"id":"8790005","text":"into the Congregation of the Passion. Throughout this time, Barberi fulfilled his duties in preaching missions and heading the English and Belgian foundations. One story told of Barberi during this time exemplifies a sense of humour. While he was visiting a convent of nuns who were instructing many converts, some of them male, Dominic was informed that some of the sisters were worried about teaching men. Dominic retorted, \"Have no fear, Sisters. You are all too old and too ugly.\" The Sisters appreciated Dominic's humour so much that they recorded the incident in their archives. Such work inevitably took its","title":"Dominic Barberi"},{"id":"10150542","text":"through map and compass reading, survival in the wilderness and occult studies. Students lived in tepees and worked by tending the orchards and gardens. The property was previously called Top of the World Ranch. James Neil Hollingworth James Neil Hollingworth (1933–1996) was a disabled, beatnik, hippie, writer, and former manager of the psychedelic folk rock bands Quicksilver Messenger Service and Ace of Cups. He wrote under the pseudonym Ambrose Hollingworth Redmoon. An often quoted aphorism penned by Hollingworth is \"Courage is not the absence of fear, but rather the judgment that something else is more important than one's fear.\"Ambrose was","title":"James Neil Hollingworth"},{"id":"3477480","text":"1, the Roman poet Ovid wrote Ars Amatoria (\"The Art of Love\") in which he expressed \"Ugly are hornless bulls, a field without grass is an eyesore, So is a tree without leaves, so is a head without hair.\" Another example of this bias, in a later and different culture, can be found in \"The Arabian Nights\" (c. AD 800-900), in which the female character Scheherazade asks \"Is there anything more ugly in the world than a man beardless and bald as an artichoke?\" The earliest known example of a toupée was found in a tomb near the ancient Predynastic","title":"Toupée"},{"id":"12019999","text":"Benedict XVI and Pope Francis voiced their acceptance of the supernatural origin of the Fátima, Portugal, events. The Sanctuary of Our Lady of Fátima is now a major Marian church in Europe. The Shrine of Nostra Signora della Guardia in Genoa, Italy has a similar story. In 1490 a peasant Benedetto Pareto reported that the Virgin Mary had asked him to build a chapel on a mountain. Pareto reported that he replied that he was only a poor man and would not be able to do that, but he was told by the Virgin Mary: \"\"Do not be afraid!\"\". After","title":"Catholic Marian church buildings"},{"id":"20601479","text":"Fear Is a Liar \"Fear Is a Liar\" is the third single from Christian rock artist Zach Williams from his debut studio album \"Chain Breaker\". The song peaked at No. 3 on the Hot Christian Songs chart. It lasted 31 weeks on the overall chart. \"Fear Is a Liar\" was released as the third single from \"Chain Breaker\" on January 19, 2018, accompanied with a music video. The song's message is about maturing with God's love, and coming to the point that there is nothing to fear. The song was written by Williams, along with Jason Ingram, Jonathan Lindley Smith","title":"Fear Is a Liar"},{"id":"1412611","text":"at the General Assembly, on Sept 23, 2011. Just before the outbreak of the Six-Day War, Schneerson called for a global Teffilin campaign, to see that Jews observe the Mitzva of Tefillin as a means of ensuring divine protection against Israel's enemies. Speaking to a crowd of thousands of people on May 28, 1967, only a few days before the outbreak of the war, he assured the world that Israel would be victorious. He said Israel had no need to fear as God was with them, quoting the verse, \"the Guardian of Israel neither sleeps nor slumbers\". After the Operation","title":"Menachem Mendel Schneerson"},{"id":"7568337","text":"Who breaks a butterfly upon a wheel? \"Who breaks a butterfly upon a wheel?\" is a quotation from Alexander Pope's \"Epistle to Dr Arbuthnot\" of January 1735. It alludes to \"breaking on the wheel\", a form of torture in which victims had their long bones broken by an iron bar while tied to a Catherine wheel. The quotation is used to suggest someone is \"[employing] superabundant effort in the accomplishment of a small matter\". The quotation is sometimes misquoted with \"on\" in place of \"upon\". The line \"Who breaks a butterfly upon a wheel?\" forms line 308 of the \"Epistle","title":"Who breaks a butterfly upon a wheel?"},{"id":"1653161","text":"In 1990 he wrote a song, \"Who Was That Man?\" about a man who died in the King's Cross fire. In 1992, \"(What's So Funny 'Bout) Peace, Love, and Understanding\" was covered by Curtis Stigers on the soundtrack album to \"The Bodyguard\", an album that sold about 44 million copies worldwide. A New York \"Daily News\" article quoted Lowe as saying his greatest fear in recent years was \"sticking with what you did when you were famous.\" \"I didn't want to become one of those thinning-haired, jowly old geezers who still does the same shtick they did when they were","title":"Nick Lowe"},{"id":"2604127","text":"Appeasing Pheromone, a synthetic analogue of a hormone secreted by nursing canine mothers. Studies have also shown that cats can be afraid of thunderstorms. Whilst it is less common, cats have been known to hide under a table or behind a couch during a thunderstorm. Generally if any animal is anxious during a thunderstorm or any similar, practically harmless event (e.g. fireworks display), it is advised to simply continue behaving normally, instead of attempting to comfort animals. Showing fearlessness is, arguably, the best method to \"cure\" the anxiety. Astraphobia Astraphobia, also known as astrapophobia, brontophobia, keraunophobia, or tonitrophobia is an","title":"Astraphobia"},{"id":"8548663","text":"in October, he was taken severely ill with dysentery, but remained in command and on the field until too weak to go further. When told that he had but a few hours to live, he answered: \"I am not afraid to die, I have met death too often to be afraid of it now.\" He was awarded a brevet (honorary promotion) to major general on September 1, 1864 and died in service a few weeks later. General Ransom is buried in Rosehill Cemetery in Chicago. Ransom's memory was cherished by many prominent Union Generals including Grant and Sherman. The historian","title":"Thomas E. G. Ransom"},{"id":"7434406","text":"a Christian, let him not be ashamed, but let him glorify God on this behalf.\" [1 Peter 4:12–14] John, in fact, exhorts us to lay down our lives even for our brethren, [1 John 3:16] affirming that there is no fear in love: \"For perfect love casts out fear, since fear has punishment; and he who fears is not perfect in love.\" [1 John 4:18] What fear would it be better to understand (as here meant), than that which gives rise to denial? What love does he assert to be perfect, but that which puts fear to flight, and gives","title":"Apostasy in Christianity"},{"id":"6921743","text":"The Shadow of the Vulture \"The Shadow of the Vulture\" is a short story by American writer Robert E. Howard, first published in \"The Magic Carpet Magazine\", January 1934. The story introduces the character of Red Sonya of Rogatino, who later became the inspiration for the popular character Red Sonja, archetype of the chainmail-bikini clad female warrior. Unlike Howard's better-known fantasy work, \"The Shadow of the Vulture\" is historical fiction, set in the 16th century. It uses the career of sultan Suleiman the Magnificent (also known as Sultan Suleiman I), the aftermath of the Battle of Mohács (1526) and the","title":"The Shadow of the Vulture"},{"id":"2235885","text":"Affairs, with activities as important as those carried out under the Consulate. His police agents were omnipresent, and the terror which Napoleon and Fouché inspired partly accounts for the absence of conspiracies after 1804. After the Battle of Austerlitz (December 1805), Fouché uttered the famous words: \"Sire, Austerlitz has shattered the old aristocracy; the Faubourg Saint-Germain no longer conspires\". Nevertheless, Napoleon did retain feelings of distrust, or even of fear, towards Fouché, as was proven by his conduct in the early days of 1808. While engaged in the campaign of Spain, the emperor heard rumours that Fouché and Charles Maurice","title":"Joseph Fouché"},{"id":"18769880","text":"inspired by the Super Mario Bros. video game. In 2014, Asplund designed a small fashion collection titled 'Heterophobia' for the Helsinki Pride festivities, where the products were quickly sold out. The collection generated a lot of interest in social media, and Asplund was invited to the Berlin Fashion Week in July 2014. The collection was expanded to include 200 pieces of clothing, creating a political streetwear collection, carrying the slogan 'no fear of different - we are all equal'. Asplund has been promoting the collection in several countries, also in North America during the Vancouver, New York (part of Mercedes-Benz","title":"Antti Asplund"},{"id":"1171914","text":"the \"First Lady in the General Government\". One of her most famous comments was \"I'd rather be widowed than divorced from a Reichsminister!\" Frank answered: \"So you are my deadly enemy!\" In 1987, Niklas Frank wrote a book about his father, \"Der Vater: Eine Abrechnung\" (\"The Father: A Settling of Accounts\"), which was published in English in 1991 as \"In the Shadow of the Reich\". The book, which was serialized in the magazine \"Stern\", caused controversy in Germany because of the scathing way in which the younger Frank depicted his father: Niklas referred to him as \"a slime-hole of a","title":"Hans Frank"},{"id":"3838612","text":"friend: \"I am not so afraid of the Nazis … There are worse things one can be afraid of, namely things one is afraid of without knowing why. For instance, I am afraid of streets. Roads can be hostile to one, can destroy one. Streets scare me.\" And a few years earlier, von Horváth had written poetry about lightning: \"Yes, thunder, that it can do. And bolt and storm. Terror and destruction.\" Ödön von Horváth was buried in Saint-Ouen cemetery in northern Paris. In 1988, on the 50th anniversary of his death, his remains were transferred to Vienna and reinterred","title":"Ödön von Horváth"},{"id":"12668159","text":"Panda Bear, Panda Bear, What Do You See? Panda Bear, Panda Bear, What Do You See? is a children's picture book by Bill Martin, Jr. and illustrated by Eric Carle. It is the third companion book to \"Brown Bear, Brown Bear, What Do You See?\". Various endangered animals answer the question \"What do you see?\" and the answers are what animal they see. The text is in rhyme. The list of animals includes a panda bear, a bald eagle, a water buffalo, a spider monkey, a green sea turtle, a macaroni penguin, a sea lion, a red wolf, a whooping","title":"Panda Bear, Panda Bear, What Do You See?"},{"id":"2607919","text":"film ever made. In 2008, the American Film Institute distributed ballots to 1,500 directors, critics and other people associated with the film industry in order to determine the top ten American films in ten different genre categories. Cronenberg's version of \"The Fly\" was nominated under the science fiction category, although it did not make the top ten. It was also nominated for AFI's 100 Years... 100 Thrills and AFI's 100 Years...100 Passions and Veronica's warning to Tawny in the film—\"Be afraid. Be very afraid.\"—was nominated for AFI's 100 Years... 100 Movie Quotes. The quote \"Be afraid. Be very afraid.\" was","title":"The Fly (1986 film)"},{"id":"1603933","text":"the oppressive reign of the Roman emperor Tiberius and calling for the establishment of a \"Committee of Clemency\" to counter the climate of mercilessness fostered by the Committee of Public Safety. In the fourth number of the journal, Desmoulins addressed Robespierre directly, writing, \"My dear Robespierre... my old school friend... Remember the lessons of history and philosophy: love is stronger, more lasting than fear.\" The perceived counter-revolutionary tone in these calls for clemency led to Desmoulins' expulsion from the Club des Cordeliers and denunciation at the Jacobins, as well as, ultimately, to his arrest and execution. Desmoulins took an active","title":"Camille Desmoulins"},{"id":"2178856","text":"not as they are,\" and \"The purpose of life is not to be happy at all. It is to be useful, to be honorable. It is to be compassionate. It is to \"matter,\" to have it make some difference that you lived.\" (A version of this quotation is sometimes attributed, falsely, to Ralph Waldo Emerson.) At a tribute dinner to fellow humorist W. C. Fields, Rosten came up with the remark about Fields that \"any man who hates dogs and babies can't be all bad.\" This statement is often misattributed to Fields himself. In his book, \"The Joys of Yiddish\",","title":"Leo Rosten"},{"id":"11167824","text":"\"woman\" and φόβος - \"phobos\", \"fear\". Hyponyms of the term \"gynophobia\" include \"feminophobia\", Gynophobia was previously considered a driving force toward homosexuality. In his 1896 \"Studies in the Psychology of Sex\", Havelock Ellis wrote: It is, perhaps, not difficult to account for the horror – much stronger than that normally felt toward a person of the same sex – with which the invert often regards the sexual organs of persons of the opposite sex. It cannot be said that the sexual organs of either sex under the influence of sexual excitement are esthetically pleasing; they only become emotionally desirable through","title":"Gynophobia"},{"id":"7507937","text":"traditions believe that Sikhs helped protect Hindus from Islamic persecution, and this caused martyrdom of their Guru. The Sikh historians, for example, record that the Sikh movement was rapidly growing in northwest India, and Guru Tegh Bahadur Ji was openly encouraging Sikhs to, \"be fearless in their pursuit of just society: he who holds none in fear, nor is afraid of anyone, is acknowledged as a man of true wisdom\", a statement recorded in Adi Granth 1427. While Guru Tegh Bahadur influence was rising, Aurangzeb had imposed Islamic laws, demolished Hindu schools and temples, and enforced new taxes on non-Muslims.","title":"Hinduism and Sikhism"},{"id":"19239674","text":"Serpent (comics) Serpent (Cul Borson) is a fictional supervillain appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Usually depicted as a foe of Odin and Thor, the Serpent has also come into conflict with the Avengers. He is the brother of Odin, therefore the uncle of Thor, Loki and Angela. He is known as the Norse God of Fear. Serpent first appeared in \"Fear Itself\" #1 (June 2011), and was created by Stuart Immonen and Matt Fraction. Cul Borson is an enigmatic being who claims that he is the true All-Father of Asgard and not his brother Odin. After","title":"Serpent (comics)"},{"id":"2171587","text":"September 1916. General Debeney spoke at the statue's unveiling in 1926, praising Foch's operational concepts of 1918. Foch also has a grape cultivar named after him. In the Belgian city of Leuven, one of the central squares was named after him after the First World War, but it was renamed in 2012. Mount Foch in Alberta is also named after him. Foch received the title of Doctor honoris causa of the Jagiellonian University of Kraków in 1918. English Translation: \"None but a coward dares to boast that he has never known fear\". English Translation: \"Don't tell me that this problem","title":"Ferdinand Foch"},{"id":"1549323","text":"UN mandate, and that the view of the United States as a danger to world peace had significantly increased. UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan described the war as illegal, saying in a September 2004 interview that it was \"not in conformity with the Security Council.\" Brazilian President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva said that the invasion \"disrespects the United Nations\" and failed to take world opinion into account. Nelson Mandela, former President of South Africa, called the US's attitude five months before the invasion a \"threat to world peace\". He said they were sending a message that \"if you are afraid","title":"Opposition to the Iraq War"},{"id":"11485869","text":"has failed to place among the top four teams only once, in 2012.Below is the list of eight nations that have finished in the top two in Thomas Cup. 2018: 2016: 2014: 2012: 2010: 2008: 2006: 2004: 2002: 2000: 1998: 1996: 1994: 1992: 2018: 2016: 2014: 2012: 2010: 2008: 2006: 2004: 2002: 2000: 1998: 1996: 1994: 1992: 1990: 1988: 1986: 1984: 1981: 1978: 1975: 1972: 1969: 2017 2015 2013 2011 2009 Even though they actually have a balance of strength in all events, they are known for producing many great doubles in the men's category. Their doubles had conquered the","title":"Indonesia national badminton team"},{"id":"547666","text":"Edward Albee Edward Franklin Albee III ( ; March 12, 1928 – September 16, 2016) was an American playwright known for works such as \"The Zoo Story\" (1958), \"The Sandbox\" (1959), \"Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?\" (1962), and \"A Delicate Balance\" (1966). Three of his plays won the Pulitzer Prize for Drama, and two of his other works won the Tony Award for Best Play. His works are often considered as frank examinations of the modern condition. His early works reflect a mastery and Americanization of the Theatre of the Absurd that found its peak in works by European playwrights","title":"Edward Albee"},{"id":"10975310","text":"Fear of frogs Fear of frogs and toads is both a known specific phobia, known simply as frog phobia or ranidaphobia (from \"ranidae\", the most widespread family of frogs), and a superstition common to the folkways of many cultures. Psychiatric speciality literature uses the simple term \"fear of frogs\" rather than any specialized term. The term batrachophobia has also been recorded in a 1953 psychiatric dictionary. According to some, the sight of a frog may be a bad omen. As well, a common myth says that touching frogs and toads may give one warts. (In many other cultures, frogs are","title":"Fear of frogs"},{"id":"9412235","text":"September 1993, the battalion was inactivated and relieved from assignment to the 7th Infantry Division. The 2nd Battalion, 27th Infantry Regiment, was again activated on 31 August 1995, and this unit again carries its thirty battle streamers and twelve unit citations on its colors. The motto \"Nec Aspera Terrent\" translates to \"Frightened by no Difficulties,\" as \"Aspera\" is Latin for \"Work\" or \"Difficulty\" and \"Terrent\" is Latin for \"Fear,\" the same root as \"Terror.\" It is often stated as \"No Fear on Earth.\" The 4th Battalion, 27th Infantry Regiment, was active in the 3rd Brigade, 25th Infantry Division (L) at","title":"27th Infantry Regiment (United States)"},{"id":"4922727","text":"God Exists, Why is He Hiding?” “Is Jesus the Son of God?” “Why Is There So Much Evil in the World?” “What Does To Save Mean?” “Why So Many Religions?” “Buddha?” “Muhammad?” “Judaism?” “What Is the New Evangelization?” “Is There Really Hope in the Young?” “Was God at Work in the Fall of Communism?” “Is Only Rome Right?” “In Search of Lost Unity,” “A Qualitative Renewal,” “The Reaction of the World,” “Does Eternal Life Exist?” “Human Rights,” “The Mother of God,” and “Be Not Afraid.” The pope answers questions directly, and he also provides a context and history as background.","title":"Crossing the Threshold of Hope"},{"id":"17980900","text":"line, whispered by Clara to the young Doctor, is \"Fear makes companions of us all\" – a line originally spoken by the First Doctor in the third episode of the very first \"Doctor Who\" serial, \"An Unearthly Child\" (1963). Steven Moffat discussed the episode in an interview, saying: \"my impulse starting in that was just the idea, 'What does he do when he’s got nothing [to] do?' Because he’d throw himself off a building if he thought it’d be interesting on the way down ... he’s fascinated by anything. And here he’s with nothing to do, so he just goes","title":"Listen (Doctor Who)"},{"id":"4354163","text":"who sometimes refer to themselves as \"freaks\" after a Fish-era B-side. The phrase \"She was only dreaming\" in the song \"If My Heart Were a Ball It Would Roll Uphill\" is a sample from \"Chelsea Monday\". According to Hogarth, the title, nominally a play on the word \"arachnophobia\", or fear of spiders, means no fear of anoraks (\"anorak no phobia\"), referring to the long-running in-joke that Marillion fans are also sometimes called anoraks. The artwork for \"Anoraknophobia\" as well as some other related music releases and press materials feature cartoon graphics of a boy named Barry who wears a rain","title":"Anoraknophobia"},{"id":"10927994","text":"porch has been completely refurbished. On entering the porch you are now greeted by eight newly positioned oak statues of Saints Columba, Patrick, Matthew, Mark, Luke, John, Mary and Joseph. These statues used to be part of the canopy of the old pulpit in the cathedral from 1906-1989. A stone statue of Saint Eugene adorns the outside of the entrance porch embedded in the main bell tower of the cathedral; it has been there since the cathedral was built in 1873. In the newly refurbished porch the words from the prophet Isaiah, \"Do not be afraid I have redeemed you","title":"St Eugene's Cathedral"},{"id":"14589852","text":"the star presenter of the weekly journal on TF1 from 1990 to 1991, also followed the same approach. He was particularly famous for his opening sentence on the \"20 hour Journal\" on 18 February 1976: \"France in fear\". This underlined the emotion caused by the kidnapping and death of a small boy Philippe Bertrand at Troyes by Patrick Henry. This saying was diluted, however, because a few minutes later, he clarified that this fear is a feeling which we must not give up. Leaving the presentation of television news in 1981, Roger Gicquel then held several positions at TF1. He","title":"Roger Gicquel"},{"id":"13563682","text":"after Apollodorus received the same message from Peithagoras with respect to Alexander. Peithagoras is also said to have predicted the deaths of Perdiccas and Antigonus. Peithagoras Peithagoras () was a Macedonian seer and general from Amphipolis, brother of Apollodorus. According to Aristobulus of Cassandreia, Apollodorus, having joined Alexander the Great on his return from his Indian expedition and accompanied him to Ecbatana, imagined that he had grounds for dreading his displeasure, and wrote therefore to Peithagoras at Babylon, to inquire whether any danger threatened him from Alexander or Hephaestion. The answer was that he had nothing to fear from Hephaestion,","title":"Peithagoras"},{"id":"2967742","text":"donated money for the building of Wilhenford Hospital in Augusta, Georgia, which opened in 1910. The name combined a syllable of her father's' name (Hen) with her husband's and son's. His saying, \"In the whole history of the world there is but one thing that money can not buy... to wit the wag of a dog's tail\" appears at the beginning of the Disney film \"Lady and the Tramp\". The phrase, \"Love is like measles... the later in life it occurs, the tougher it gets,\" was quoted as being Josh Billings' in Jan Karon's book, \"A Light in the Window\".","title":"Josh Billings"},{"id":"10297040","text":"Cultural influence of Gilbert and Sullivan For nearly 150 years, Gilbert and Sullivan have pervasively influenced popular culture in the English-speaking world. Lines and quotations from the Gilbert and Sullivan operas have become part of the English language, such as \"short, sharp shock\", \"What never? Well, hardly ever!\", \"let the punishment fit the crime\", and \"A policeman's lot is not a happy one\". The Savoy operas heavily influenced the course of the development of modern musical theatre. They have also influenced political style and discourse, literature, film and television and advertising, and have been widely parodied by humorists. Because they","title":"Cultural influence of Gilbert and Sullivan"},{"id":"10297107","text":"Cultural influence of Gilbert and Sullivan For nearly 150 years, Gilbert and Sullivan have pervasively influenced popular culture in the English-speaking world. Lines and quotations from the Gilbert and Sullivan operas have become part of the English language, such as \"short, sharp shock\", \"What never? Well, hardly ever!\", \"let the punishment fit the crime\", and \"A policeman's lot is not a happy one\". The Savoy operas heavily influenced the course of the development of modern musical theatre. They have also influenced political style and discourse, literature, film and television and advertising, and have been widely parodied by humorists. Because they","title":"Cultural influence of Gilbert and Sullivan"},{"id":"2969948","text":"Fear (1996 film) Fear is a 1996 American psychological thriller directed by James Foley and written by Christopher Crowe. It stars Mark Wahlberg, Reese Witherspoon, William Petersen, Alyssa Milano and Amy Brenneman. It revolves around a wealthy family whose seemingly perfect existence is threatened when their teenage daughter begins dating an attractive and mysterious young man, much to her father's chagrin. The picture was largely derided by critics upon its release, but became a sleeper hit in the spring of 1996, grossing $20 million at the U.S. box office. It has since become a cult film, while at the same","title":"Fear (1996 film)"},{"id":"2590033","text":"The crest itself may have been derived from Sir William de Carlyell of Cumberland, in the reign of Edward II, who bore a red cross. The supporting red wyverns to either side of the shield are a symbol of the British Kingdom of Cumbria. The motto on the underlying scroll reads: ‘Be just and fear not’, which is a quote from Shakespeare's 'Henry VIII'. Carlisle were often referred to as 'The Foxes' due to the local connection with huntsman John Peel. In 1970 the club badge changed to reflect this and featured a golden fox jumping over the abbreviation C.U.F.C.","title":"Carlisle United F.C."},{"id":"7682905","text":"in the first person, follows 24 hours of Christopher Snow's life, as he discovers and attempts to unravel a mysterious and seemingly endless conspiracy centered on a military compound called Fort Wyvern. The book opens with Christopher Snow going to visit his dying father at the hospital. As Snow crosses the hospital to his father's room the lights are thoughtfully dimmed to protect him in his condition. Christopher’s father dying words of advice were \"Fear nothing, Chris. Fear nothing\". As he leaves the hospital Snow accidentally and serendipitously watches as his father’s body is switched with that of a drifter.","title":"Fear Nothing"},{"id":"6025078","text":"there are not. Let no fool,<br> Led by the old false fable, thus deceive you.” A fragment from the lost satyr play \"Sisyphus\", which has been attributed to both Critias and Euripides, claims that a clever man invented \"the fear of the gods\" in order to frighten people into behaving morally. This statement, however, originally did not mean that the gods themselves were nonexistent, but rather that their powers were a hoax. Aristophanes (ca. 448–380 BCE), known for his satirical style, wrote in his play the \"Knights\": \"Shrines! Shrines! Surely you don't believe in the gods. What's your argument? Where's","title":"History of atheism"},{"id":"1994792","text":"shrug off even the worst injuries. The only lines of dialogue from the book that were re-used in the film were spoken by Baby Herman and Jessica Rabbit with Baby Herman saying \"I've got a 50-year-old lust and a 3-year-old dinky\" and Jessica Rabbit saying \"I'm not bad, Mr. Valiant. I'm just drawn that way\", though in the book, Baby Herman's actual age is given as 36. In 1991, Wolf wrote another Roger Rabbit book, \"Who P-P-P-Plugged Roger Rabbit?\", but (in the form of a memo from Valiant) the book says that Roger Rabbit \"and his screwball buddies play fast","title":"Who Censored Roger Rabbit?"},{"id":"19937514","text":"sets forth the limits and risks for a journalist when it comes to disagreeing publicly with publishers. Gerald Posner wrote about the controversy in \"The Huffington Post\". Trisha has also been a commentator on television, NBC, MSNBC and FOX, regarding her journalism. Trisha Posner Trisha Posner is a British non-fiction writer. She is the author of \"This is Not Your Mother's Menopause: One Woman's Natural Journey Through Change (2000)\", \"No Hormones, No Fear (2003)\" and \"The Pharmacist of Auschwitz: The Untold Story (2017)\". She wrote under her own name, as well as Patricia Posner. \"The Pharmacist of Auschwitz\" was the","title":"Trisha Posner"},{"id":"15778671","text":"East African Professional Hunter's Association The East African Professional Hunter's Association (EAPHA) was an organization of East African white hunters founded in Nairobi, Kenya in 1934. Well known members included Philip Percival, Harry Selby, Sydney Downey and Donald Ker. Their motto was \"nec timor nec temeritas\", or \"neither fear nor foolhardiness\". The Association formed out of a desire to regulate hunting in the wake of technological developments like the safari vehicle, which had made accessing remote hunting areas much easier. During its existence it was able to accomplish much to conserve East African wildlife and become perhaps one of the","title":"East African Professional Hunter's Association"},{"id":"18610677","text":"end and a long one on the other). A Brief History Pointing to Innate Behavior: Friedrich Goethe was the first to perform experiments using silhouettes (1937, 1940). He found that naive Capercaillie exhibited a greater fear response to a silhouette of a hawk than to a circle, a triangle, or a generalized bird silhouette, but that this varied with both species, and prior experience. Tinbergen, in 1951, pointed out that he was inspired by Oscar Heinroth's observations in which he stated that domestic chickens are more alarmed by short necked birds, over long necks ones. This provoked Konrad Lorenz's and","title":"Hawk/goose effect"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"id\": \"643772\",\n \"text\": \"German army chaplain, recalled at the time of her execution, \\\"I do not believe that Miss Cavell wanted to be a martyr ... but she was ready to die for her country ... Miss Cavell was a very brave woman and a faithful Christian\\\". Another account from Anglican chaplain, the Reverend Gahan, remembers Cavell's words, \\\"I have no fear or shrinking; I have seen death so often it is not strange, or fearful to me!\\\" In this interpretation, her stoicism was seen as remarkable for a non-combatant woman, and brought her even greater renown than a man in similar circumstances\",\n \"title\": \"Edith Cavell\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9505841\",\n \"text\": \"meat-a-ball! / Hey, great, a toothpaste should fight cavities / I can't believe I ate that whole... / (clip) / And now, Terry O'Reilly and The Age of Persuasion / Ho,ho,ho / Hoo-hoo! / Mamma mia! / There you go again.\\\" \\\"I'm Barack Obama, and I approve this message / \\\"Another cup of Maxwell House coffee, George?\\\" \\\"Sure, pour me a cup, Gracie!\\\" / Hoo-wah! / \\\"Hello, I'm a Mac,\\\" \\\"And I'm a PC!\\\" \\\"Whooooo!\\\" \\\"Whoo!\\\" / The only thing we have to fear is... / (clip) / And now, Terry O'Reilly and The Age of Persuasion / Bromo-Seltzer, Bromo-Seltzer,\",\n \"title\": \"The Age of Persuasion\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6444845\",\n \"text\": \"important speeches for the president. For example, he wrote the majority of Roosevelt's first inaugural address, although he is not credited with penning the famous line, \\\"the only thing we have to fear is fear itself.\\\" He was responsible for FDR's use of the term \\\"the Forgotten Man\\\" in earlier speeches. He claimed credit for inventing the term \\\"New Deal,\\\" though its precise provenance remains open to debate. Moley also wrote various pamphlets and articles on the teaching of government. Praising the new president's first moves in March 1933, he concluded that capitalism \\\"was saved in eight days.\\\" In mid-1933\",\n \"title\": \"Raymond Moley\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"800219\",\n \"text\": \"catchy snippets of information had a significant negative impact on American political discourse. In contrast, Peggy Noonan feels that sound bites have acquired a negative connotation but are not inherently negative, and that what we now think of as great historical sound bites—such as \\\"The only thing we have to fear is fear itself\\\", the most famous phrase in Franklin D. Roosevelt's first Inaugural Address—were examples of eloquent speakers unselfconsciously and \\\"simply trying in words to capture the essence of the thought they wished to communicate.\\\" The increased use of sound bites in news media has been criticized, and has\",\n \"title\": \"Sound bite\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8731813\",\n \"text\": \"Roach in poetry. Winner: Nominees: Winner: 2 Finalists: Nominees: Winner: Finalists: Nominees: Winner: Finalists: Nominees: Winner: Nominees: Winner: 2 Finalists: Nominees\\\":\\\" Winner: 2 Finalists: Nominees: Winner: 2 Finalists: Nominees: Winner: Nominees Winner: 2 Finalists: Nominees\\\":\\\" Winner: 2 Finalists: Nominees: Winner: 2 Finalists: Nominees: Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Nominees Winner Nominees Winner Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winners Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Nominees Winner\",\n \"title\": \"Hurston-Wright Legacy Award\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18378661\",\n \"text\": \"Algerian armies, send in tanks to demolish entire villages. Resisting temptations to resort to small-arms warfare in the face of the vast military resources of the Israeli armed forces, Palestinians took to throwing stones, an improvised weapon which had deep symbolic resonances of a cultural, historical and religious kind. As a popular song at the time put it, the stone became their Kalashnikov. <poem>\\\"mā fī khawf mā fī khawf \\\"al-ḥajar ṣār klashnikūf,\\\" ('There is no fear, there is no fear For the stone has become the Kalashnikov.')</poem> Another popular refrain runs <poem>\\\"ṣabarnā kthīr bidnā thār \\\"bi al-ḍaffaih w kull al-qitā'\",\n \"title\": \"Palestinian stone-throwing\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16892970\",\n \"text\": \"assertion that America is willing to negotiate with its adversaries \\\"not because we are naïve about the dangers we face, but because engagement can more durably lift suspicion and fear\\\" was reminiscent of Kennedy's words that \\\"civility is not a sign of weakness … Let us never negotiate out of fear. But let us never fear to negotiate.\\\" Barack Obama described the American state of affairs with references to the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq as well as the 2007–2009 recession in the United States as follows: \\\"This generation of Americans has been tested by crises that steeled our resolve\",\n \"title\": \"Second inauguration of Barack Obama\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12234878\",\n \"text\": \"'We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal.' Just words! 'We have nothing to fear but fear itself.' Just words – just speeches!\\\" Obama stated that he borrowed the lines after being recommend to do so by Patrick who had faced similar attacks that he was only offering talk but not action. On February 19, Clinton's losing streak to Obama stretched to ten in a row. Obama won the Wisconsin primary 58 percent to 41 percent, with a trend continuing of Clinton losing support in demographics that had previously been most favorable to her, such\",\n \"title\": \"Hillary Clinton 2008 presidential primary campaign\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6781756\",\n \"text\": \"the work we are in, to bind up the nation's wounds, to care for him who shall have borne the battle and for his widow and his orphan, to do all which may achieve and cherish a just and lasting peace among ourselves and with all nations.\\\" In 1933, Franklin D. Roosevelt avowed, \\\"we have nothing to fear but fear itself.\\\" And in 1961, John F. Kennedy declared, \\\"And so my fellow Americans: ask not what your country can do for you – ask what you can do for your country.\\\" On the eight occasions where the new president succeeded\",\n \"title\": \"United States presidential inauguration\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9505842\",\n \"text\": \"Bromo-Seltzer... / Got milk? / Don't leave home without it / Isn't that amazing?\\\" \\\"I'm not a doctor, but I play one on TV / It's the fishing invention of the century / This is only a test / It's Patrick, he took out life insurance / I'm not only the Hair Club president, I'm also a client / The only thing we have to fear is... / (clip) / And now, Terry O'Reilly and The Age of Persuasion / Takes a licking and keeps on ticking / He likes it! Hey, Mikey! / Yes! We! Can!\\\" \\\"Hello, ladies /\",\n \"title\": \"The Age of Persuasion\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6761342\",\n \"text\": \"made himself the enemy of what many saw as corrupt labor leaders, particularly by his appointment of Assistant Attorney General Ralph E. Moody to prosecute many union people accused of arson and assault. He was often quoted for his rephrasing of President Roosevelt's famous pronouncement on fear, saying, \\\"We have nothing to fear from the future except our own foolishness and slothfulness.\\\" His criticism of President Roosevelt, however, cost Martin a bitterly contested bid for the Democratic Party of Oregon's gubernatorial nomination in 1938. After losing the nomination, Martin retired from active politics to his Portland home. He died on\",\n \"title\": \"Charles Martin (Oregon politician)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9969504\",\n \"text\": \"Carbon Credits, he often says, \\\"You can trust me: I'm not like the others.\\\" When a caller delivers a rhetorical blow, Carr's signature retort is, after Red Buttons, \\\"I didn't come here to be made sport of.\\\" When current events induce him to gloat, he always precedes it with, \\\"My heart feels like an alligator,\\\" a line from Hunter S. Thompson's book \\\"Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas.\\\" Callers wishing to report unsavory or embarrassing details about themselves or others can request the \\\"voice-changer.\\\" Carr introduces \\\"the Witness Protection Program of \\\"The Howie Carr Show,\\\"\\\" adding, \\\"Now no one will\",\n \"title\": \"The Howie Carr Show\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"336326\",\n \"text\": \"the National League for Democracy in Myanmar (Burma), who became State Counsellor (similar to prime minister) of Myanmar in April 2016. A devout Buddhist, Suu Kyi won the Rafto Prize and the Sakharov Prize for Freedom of Thought in 1990 and in 1991 was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for her peaceful and non-violent struggle under a repressive military dictatorship. One of her best known speeches is the \\\"Freedom From Fear\\\" speech, which begins, \\\"It is not power that corrupts but fear. Fear of losing power corrupts those who wield it and fear of the scourge of power corrupts those\",\n \"title\": \"Pacifism\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"135271\",\n \"text\": \"dogs. In this study, an 11-month-old boy was conditioned to fear a white rat in the laboratory. The fear became generalized to include other white, furry objects, such as a rabbit, dog, and even a ball of cotton. Fear can be learned by experiencing or watching a frightening traumatic accident. For example, if a child falls into a well and struggles to get out, he or she may develop a fear of wells, heights (acrophobia), enclosed spaces (claustrophobia), or water (aquaphobia). There are studies looking at areas of the brain that are affected in relation to fear. When looking at\",\n \"title\": \"Fear\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12944507\",\n \"text\": \"writer Ted Sorensen. Kennedy had Sorensen study President Abraham Lincoln's Gettysburg Address as well as other inaugural speeches. Kennedy began collecting thoughts and ideas for his inauguration speech in late November 1960. He took suggestions from various friends, aides and counselors, including suggestions from clergymen for biblical quotations. Kennedy then made several drafts using his own thoughts and some of those suggestions. Kennedy included in his speech several suggestions made by Harvard economist John Kenneth Galbraith and by the former Democratic presidential candidate Adlai Stevenson II. Kennedy's line \\\"Let us never negotiate out of fear. But let us never fear\",\n \"title\": \"Inauguration of John F. Kennedy\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8951373\",\n \"text\": \"to earth in a language that everybody here can easily understand.\\\"\\\" The unabridged beginning of the speech is: \\\"\\\"... And during the few moments that we have left, we want to have just an off-the-cuff chat between you and me—us. We want to talk right down to earth in a language that everybody here can easily understand.\\\"\\\" During a rest in the music at 4:35, John F. Kennedy's inaugural address is heard (\\\"Ask not what your country can do for you ...\\\"). The song ends with Franklin D. Roosevelt saying \\\"The only thing we have to fear is fear itself\\\",\",\n \"title\": \"Cult of Personality (song)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"516781\",\n \"text\": \"his former partner Simon de Colines who also married Robert's mother, the widow Estienne. In 1526 Robert assumed control of his father's printing shop while de Colines established his own firm nearby. In 1539 Robert adopted as his device an olive branch around which a serpent was twined, and a man standing under an olive-tree, with grafts from which wild branches were falling to the ground, with the words of Romans 11:20, \\\"Noli altum sapere, sed time ...\\\" (\\\"Be not high-minded, but fear\\\"). The latter was called the olive of the Stephens family. In 1539 he received the distinguishing title\",\n \"title\": \"Robert Estienne\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17792435\",\n \"text\": \"1907: 1908: 1909: 1910: 1911: 1912: 1913: 1914: 1915: 1917: 1918: 1920: 1921: 1922: 1923: 1925: 1926: 1927: 1928: 1929: 1930: 1931: 1932: 1933: 1934: 1935: 1936: 1937: 1938: 1940: 1941: 1942: 1943: 1945: 1946: 1947: 1949: 1950: 1951: 1955: 1957: 1959: 1962: 1963: 1964: 1965: 1966: 1969: 1970: 1971: 1972: 1975: 1976: 1977: 1978: 1979: 1980: 1982: 1983: 1984: 1987: 1988: 1994: 1996: 2001: 2005–2006: 2006: 2011: 2013: 2016: Timeline of women's education This is a timeline of women's education. 1237 1239 1608 1636 1639 1644 1674 1678 1685 1727 1732 1742 1751 1783 1786 1787 1788 1803 1818\",\n \"title\": \"Timeline of women's education\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3286210\",\n \"text\": \"Marenghi is a spoof pulp horror author; his act, and his works are considered a parody of the horror genre. The name \\\"Garth Marenghi\\\" is an anagram of the phrase \\\"argh nightmare.\\\" The character is highly conceited and narcissistic, often describing himself through epithets such as \\\"the dream weaver\\\", \\\"shaman\\\", \\\"titan of terror\\\", \\\"The One Man Fear Factory\\\" and \\\"master of the macabre.\\\" In interviews, he compares himself positively with James Joyce, Shakespeare, Leonardo da Vinci and Jesus. Despite this, Marenghi displays a general ignorance of many subjects of which he claims knowledge. He claims to be self-taught, having left\",\n \"title\": \"Garth Marenghi\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9505840\",\n \"text\": \"is announced in the middle of the clips. In each episode, one clip is different, similar to the couch gag in the opening to \\\"The Simpsons\\\". \\\"Read. My. Lips. / This is the CBS News / I've fallen and I can't get up! / Don't be a square / The only thing we have to fear is... / (clip) / And now, Terry O'Reilly and The Age of Persuasion / Oh, the humanity! / Chops, dices, minces / Yeeeargh! / It's that simple.\\\" \\\"I want chicken, I want liver / \\\"I wanna bottle of Coca-Cola!\\\" \\\"Sonny...\\\" / That's a spicy\",\n \"title\": \"The Age of Persuasion\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10150541\",\n \"text\": \"James Neil Hollingworth James Neil Hollingworth (1933–1996) was a disabled, beatnik, hippie, writer, and former manager of the psychedelic folk rock bands Quicksilver Messenger Service and Ace of Cups. He wrote under the pseudonym Ambrose Hollingworth Redmoon. An often quoted aphorism penned by Hollingworth is \\\"Courage is not the absence of fear, but rather the judgment that something else is more important than one's fear.\\\"Ambrose was a co-founder, or maybe founder of Six Day School located high on Mt. Shasta, a mountain top in Siskiyou County. It was a school that prepared students for survival in the midst of Armageddon\",\n \"title\": \"James Neil Hollingworth\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3360790\",\n \"text\": \"New York City family and was educated at Groton, a private Massachusetts preparatory school, had a number of characteristic patterns. His speech is non-rhotic; one of Roosevelt's most frequently heard speeches has a falling diphthong in the word \\\"fear\\\", which distinguishes it from other forms of surviving non-rhotic speech in the United States. \\\"Linking \\\"r\\\"\\\" appears in Roosevelt's delivery of the words \\\"The only thing we have to fear is fear itself\\\"; this pronunciation of \\\"r\\\" is also famously recorded in his Pearl Harbor speech, for example, in the phrase \\\"naval and air forces of the Empire of Japan\\\". After\",\n \"title\": \"Mid-Atlantic accent\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6455581\",\n \"text\": \"providing a sanitized version of events and downplaying the existence of piranha. Her voice is heard carrying out over a radio on the shore of a West Coast beach. As she says \\\"there's nothing left to fear\\\", the piranha's characteristic trilling sound drowns out the waves on a beach. The film was released theatrically in the United States by New World Pictures in August 1978. Given the proximity to \\\"Jaws 2\\\", Universal Pictures had considered an injunction, but Spielberg convinced them otherwise. In 2004, New Concorde Home Entertainment released the film on special edition DVD. This version is currently out\",\n \"title\": \"Piranha (1978 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6234607\",\n \"text\": \"international fame as President of the United Nations General Assembly in 1948-49, where he was instrumental in the drafting of the United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948). The Evatt family motto, as recorded on the 13th Century Evatt Coat of Arms held by the Evatt family of New Zealand, is \\\"Be Just and Fear Not\\\". An alternate version of the motto, as recorded on the 17th Century Family Crest held by the Evett Family of New Zealand, is \\\"Festina Lente\\\" - \\\"More haste, less speed\\\". Evatt The surname Evatt is British, with Norman French roots. Modern spelling deviations\",\n \"title\": \"Evatt\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"600265\",\n \"text\": \"from a variety of sources. In a letter to Uhlig, Wagner recounted \\\"The Story of the Youth Who Went Forth to Learn What Fear Was\\\", based on a fairy-tale of the Brothers Grimm. It concerns a boy so stupid he had never learned to be afraid. Wagner wrote that the boy and Siegfried are the same character. The boy is taught to fear by his wife, and Siegfried learns it when he discovers the sleeping Brünnhilde. Siegfried's ability in Act Two to see through Mime's deceitful words seems to have been derived from a 19th-century street theatre version of the\",\n \"title\": \"Siegfried (opera)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13382943\",\n \"text\": \"1490s in poetry Nationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature (for instance, Irish or France). 1491: 1492: 1493: 1494: 1495: 1496: 1497: 1498: 1499: Death years link to the corresponding \\\"[year] in poetry\\\" article. There are conflicting or unreliable sources for the birth years of many people born in this period; where sources conflict, the poet is listed again and the conflict is noted: 1490: 1491: 1492: 1493: 1494: 1495: 1496: 1497: 1498: 1499: Birth years link to the corresponding \\\"[year] in poetry\\\" article: 1490: 1491: 1492: 1493: 1494: 1495: 1496: 1497: 1498: 1499:\",\n \"title\": \"1490s in poetry\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12767021\",\n \"text\": \"flog 'em brigade' is often used in British Politics to describe the far right who may support capital punishment, corporal punishment and a repeal of certain 'human rights'. The opposing side is often thus referred to as the 'Human rights brigade'. The term 'Nothing to hide, nothing to fear brigade' is used in regards to people who support increased state surveillance - particularly in the UK - with the justification that only people who are willingly committing crimes would need to worry about being under scrutiny. The opposing side is often called the 'Orwell brigade', the '1984 brigade', or the\",\n \"title\": \"Brigade (pejorative)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13382944\",\n \"text\": \"Other events: 16th century: 1490s in poetry Nationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature (for instance, Irish or France). 1491: 1492: 1493: 1494: 1495: 1496: 1497: 1498: 1499: Death years link to the corresponding \\\"[year] in poetry\\\" article. There are conflicting or unreliable sources for the birth years of many people born in this period; where sources conflict, the poet is listed again and the conflict is noted: 1490: 1491: 1492: 1493: 1494: 1495: 1496: 1497: 1498: 1499: Birth years link to the corresponding \\\"[year] in poetry\\\" article: 1490: 1491: 1492: 1493: 1494: 1495:\",\n \"title\": \"1490s in poetry\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13921888\",\n \"text\": \"a new collection of these stories. Bring 'Em Back Alive (book) Bring ‘Em Back Alive is a 1930 book by Frank Buck. His first book, it was a huge best seller that catapulted him to world fame and was translated into many languages. Buck tells of his adventures capturing exotic animals. Writing with Edward Anthony, Buck relates some of his most frightening experiences, among them, his battle with an escaped king cobra. This venomous snake is the only jungle animal, Buck says, that has no fear of either man or beast. \\\"Nowhere in the world is there an animal or\",\n \"title\": \"Bring 'Em Back Alive (book)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9250018\",\n \"text\": \"been a senior research fellow in the Centre of Global Studies in the Institute of Philosophy at the Czech Academy of Sciences in Prague. He is supporting several non-governmental ecological organizations and is member of Honorary board of Děti Země (Children of the Earth) and Společnost pro trvale udržitelný život (Society for Sustainable Living). Kohak has said in 2007 for BBC: \\\"We have nothing to fear from a Russia in the ascendant.\\\" Erazim Kohák Erazim Kohák (born 21 May 1933 in Prague) is a Czech philosopher and writer. His early education was in Prague. After communists took over Czechoslovakia in\",\n \"title\": \"Erazim Kohák\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15171997\",\n \"text\": \"Comics in Manhattan. \\\"You will absolutely see the real world inject itself into this story because it's undeniable that there's a certain something in the air right now…we tend to tap into that whether consciously or unconsciously and it effects [sic] all our stories.\\\" The storyline's title is a by Franklin D. Roosevelt: \\\"So, first of all, let me assert my firm belief that the only thing we have to fear is fear itself—nameless, unreasoning, unjustified terror which paralyzes needed efforts to convert retreat into advance\\\", as indicated by the use of a portion that quote as part of the\",\n \"title\": \"Fear Itself (comics)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13921884\",\n \"text\": \"Bring 'Em Back Alive (book) Bring ‘Em Back Alive is a 1930 book by Frank Buck. His first book, it was a huge best seller that catapulted him to world fame and was translated into many languages. Buck tells of his adventures capturing exotic animals. Writing with Edward Anthony, Buck relates some of his most frightening experiences, among them, his battle with an escaped king cobra. This venomous snake is the only jungle animal, Buck says, that has no fear of either man or beast. \\\"Nowhere in the world is there an animal or reptile that can quite match its\",\n \"title\": \"Bring 'Em Back Alive (book)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5321377\",\n \"text\": \"sultan Bayezid I did not suffer from gout, he would have conquered Central Europe, Winston Churchill's statement that if King Alexander had not died of a monkey bite, the Greco-Turkish War would have been avoided, and Leon Trotsky's remark that if he not contracted a cold while duck hunting, he would not have missed a crucial Politburo meeting in 1923. Rather than accidents, Carr asserted history was a series of causal chains interacting with each other. Carr contemptuously compared those like Winston Churchill who in his book \\\"The World Crisis\\\" claimed that the death of King Alexander from a monkey\",\n \"title\": \"What Is History?\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3282240\",\n \"text\": \"disabled leg and walking with a cane, could not have jumped from the deck into a lifeboat, so he was trapped. Instead, he and millionaire Alfred Vanderbilt tied lifejackets to \\\"Moses baskets\\\" containing infants who had been asleep in the nursery when the torpedo struck. Frohman then went out onto the deck, where he was joined by actress Rita Jolivet, her brother-in-law George Vernon and Captain Alick Scott. In the final moments, they clasped hands and Frohman paraphrased his greatest hit, \\\"Peter Pan\\\": \\\"Why fear death? It is the most beautiful adventure that life gives us.\\\" Jolivet, the only survivor\",\n \"title\": \"Charles Frohman\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5161400\",\n \"text\": \"Germany for collecting money to the defence of Croatia. She had some concerts in Zagreb with Serge Lama. Jacques Chirac honored Tereza in 1999 with Knighthood of High Decoration of Arts and Culture. And she and was also bestowed with the Golden Chart of Humanism. She started to reconstruct a house from 18th century near Dubrovnik. It was a house of an old aristocratic family. In the new millennium, she entered with her big hit – I ni me stra' (And I don't have any fear). In 2002 her concert from Olympia was realised on CD edition. This 2002 is\",\n \"title\": \"Tereza Kesovija\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4018028\",\n \"text\": \"H. W. Nevinson would later write that \\\"Montague is the only man I know whose white hair in a single night turned dark through courage.\\\" He began as a grenadier-sergeant, and rose to lieutenant and then captain of intelligence in 1915. Later in the war, he became an armed escort for VIPs visiting the battlefield. He escorted such personalities as H.G. Wells and Bernard Shaw. After the end of World War I he wrote in a strong anti-war vein. He wrote that \\\"War hath no fury like a non-combatant.\\\" \\\"Disenchantment\\\" (1922), a collection of newspaper articles about the war, was\",\n \"title\": \"Charles Edward Montague\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1727058\",\n \"text\": \"term expiration up to eighteen additional months. Under Franklin D. Roosevelt: Under Harry S. Truman: Under Dwight D. Eisenhower: Under John F. Kennedy: Under Lyndon B. Johnson: Under Richard Nixon: Under Gerald Ford: Under Jimmy Carter: Under Ronald Reagan: Under George H. W. Bush: Under Bill Clinton: Under George W. Bush: Under Barack Obama: Under Donald Trump: Securities and Exchange Commission appointees Members of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission are appointed by the President of the United States. As of 2011, their terms last five years and are staggered so that one commissioner's term ends on June 5 of\",\n \"title\": \"Securities and Exchange Commission appointees\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3480064\",\n \"text\": \"copies themselves – a similar deal had been struck with such writers as Dylan Thomas and Philip Larkin for their first anthologies. The slim volume was dedicated to the memory of Richard Wagner, with a quote from Rilke's \\\"Duino Elegies\\\": \\\"... das Schöne ist nichts als des Schrecklichen Anfang, den wir noch grade ertragen\\\" (\\\"... beauty is nothing but the beginning of terror, that we are still able to bear\\\"). Magee said later: \\\"I'm rather ashamed of the poems now, although I have written poems since which I haven't published, which I secretly think are rather good. It has always\",\n \"title\": \"Bryan Magee\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"135276\",\n \"text\": \"were, in order: terrorist attacks, spiders, death, failure, war, criminal or gang violence, being alone, the future, and nuclear war. In an estimate of what people fear the most, book author Bill Tancer analyzed the most frequent online queries that involved the phrase, \\\"fear of...\\\" following the assumption that people tend to seek information on the issues that concern them the most. His top ten list of fears published 2008 consisted of flying, heights, clowns, intimacy, death, rejection, people, snakes, failure, and driving. According to surveys, some of the most common fears are of demons and ghosts, the existence of\",\n \"title\": \"Fear\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8454862\",\n \"text\": \"extensive collection of live reptiles and amphibians in its now-defunct natural history museum. Wiley brought much attention while working in Minneapolis, even appearing in national publications like \\\"Time\\\" and \\\"Life\\\". At the time, it was very unusual for a woman to be a curator of reptiles, and Wiley earned a reputation as a \\\"woman without fear.\\\" Taking advantage of her fame, Wiley strove to change the public's negative perception of snakes, arguing, “The fear of snakes is cultivated. We are not born with it. Children love snakes as naturally as they love dogs and cats. Don’t be afraid of a\",\n \"title\": \"Grace Olive Wiley\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2561172\",\n \"text\": \"Minnesota Book Awards, again in the \\\"Best Novel\\\" category. She also received the Herodotus Award for \\\"Best Short Story Historical Mystery\\\" in 2000 for her short story \\\"Neither Pity, Love, Nor Fear\\\" Margaret Frazer Margaret Frazer, born Gail Lynn Brown (November 26, 1946 – February 4, 2013), was an American historical novelist, best known for more than twenty historical mystery novels and a variety of short stories. The pen name was originally shared by Frazer and Mary Monica Pulver Kuhfeld in their collaboration on \\\"The Novice's Tale\\\", the first of the \\\"Sister Frevisse\\\" books featuring the Benedictine nun Dame Frevisse.\",\n \"title\": \"Margaret Frazer\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1414181\",\n \"text\": \"Norris dropped the lawsuit in 2008. The book is a New York Times Best Seller. Since then, Spector has published four more books based on Chuck Norris facts, these are \\\"Chuck Norris Cannot Be Stopped: 400 All-New Facts About the Man Who Knows Neither Fear Nor Mercy\\\", \\\"Chuck Norris: Longer and Harder: The Complete Chronicle of the World's Deadliest, Sexiest, and Beardiest Man\\\", \\\"The Last Stand of Chuck Norris: 400 All New Facts About the Most Terrifying Man in the Universe\\\", and \\\"Chuck Norris Vs. Mr. T: 400 Facts About the Baddest Dudes in the History of Ever\\\" (also a\",\n \"title\": \"Chuck Norris\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14548234\",\n \"text\": \"accused of quoting Joseph Goebbels in defending a new surveillance bill with the words \\\"if you've nothing to hide you have nothing to fear\\\". \\\"The Independent\\\" pointed out that former Conservative Foreign Secretary William Hague had also used the same phrase in 2013 whilst Graham dismissed the argument as \\\"clearly absurd\\\" as Goebbels would have spoken in German. In 2016, Graham was a member of the joint Select Committee which investigated the British Home Stores Pension Fund. He asked Sir Philip Green, who had responded angrily to previous questions about corporate governance, if he regarded the offshore company structure as\",\n \"title\": \"Richard Graham (politician)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7152475\",\n \"text\": \"a constructive problem solving manner and in a benign approach rather than to engage with heightened anticipation on the possible negative outcome. Greek thinkers such as stoic philosopher Epictetus and Seneca advised against worry. Albert Ellis, the inventor of cognitive behavioural therapy, was inspired by the Stoics’ therapeutic ideas. The biblical word used in Hebrew for worry (, \\\"\\\") regards worry as a combined form of fear and sorrow which affects nephesh, the totality of our being. The bible takes a fortitude-strengthening approach regarding worrying e.g. Psalm 94: In the New Testament, the Gospel of Matthew encourages: St. Paul writes\",\n \"title\": \"Worry\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6699182\",\n \"text\": \"Costello's company, Exclusive Productions, and the second color film, \\\"Abbott and Costello Meet Captain Kidd\\\" using Abbott's company, Woodley Productions. Songs written by Lester Lee and Bob Russell<br> \\\"Jack and the Beanstalk\\\" <br> \\\"I Fear Nothing\\\"<br> \\\"Dreamer's Cloth\\\" <br> \\\"He Never Looked Better In His Life\\\" A soundtrack, including songs and dialogue, was released on Decca Records on June 9, 1952. The film was re-released in 1960 by RKO Pictures. As this film is in the public domain, there have been at least a dozen DVD releases from several companies over the years. Diamond Entertainment Corporation released a DVD on\",\n \"title\": \"Jack and the Beanstalk (1952 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"135322\",\n \"text\": \"in the face of concepts such as moral absolutism and moral universalism – which would hold that our morals are rooted in either the divine or natural laws of the universe, and would not be generated by any human feeling, thought or emotion. From a theological perspective, the word \\\"fear\\\" encompasses more than simple fear. Robert B. Strimple says that fear includes the \\\"... convergence of awe, reverence, adoration...\\\". Some translations of the Bible, such as the New International Version, sometimes replace the word \\\"fear\\\" with \\\"reverence\\\". Fear in religion can be seen throughout the years, however, the most prominent\",\n \"title\": \"Fear\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4210216\",\n \"text\": \"become global celebrities. Critics have condemned Luce's \\\"jingoistic missionary zeal\\\". Others have noted the end of the 20th century and the American Century, most famously the late gonzo journalist Hunter S. Thompson who titled his autobiography \\\"Kingdom of Fear: Loathsome Secrets of a Star Crossed Child in the Last Days of the American Century\\\". With the advent of the new millennium, critics from the University of Illinois stated that it was a matter of debate whether America was losing its superpower status, especially in relation to China's rise. Other analysts have made the case for the \\\"American Century\\\" fitting neatly\",\n \"title\": \"American Century\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11735801\",\n \"text\": \"only version of the phrase that survives from antiquity. In the modern era, it was paraphrased as \\\"Noli turbare circulos meos\\\" and then translated to Katharevousa Greek as \\\"μὴ μου τοὺς κύκλους τάραττε!\\\" (\\\"Mē mou tous kuklous taratte!\\\"). Noli turbare circulos meos! \\\"Nōlī turbāre circulōs meōs!\\\" is a Latin phrase, meaning \\\"Do not disturb my circles!\\\". It is said to have been uttered by Archimedes - in reference to a geometric figure he had outlined on the sand - when he was confronted by a Roman soldier. According to Valerius Maximus, the phrase was uttered by the ancient Greek mathematician\",\n \"title\": \"Noli turbare circulos meos!\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4239288\",\n \"text\": \"share declined by 25 to 34 points, German was the largest or second-largest original nationality in 31. Non-interventionists rooted a significant portion of their arguments in historical precedent, citing events such as Washington's farewell address and the failure of World War I. \\\"If we have strong defenses and understand and believe in what we are defending, we need fear nobody in this world,\\\" Robert Maynard Hutchins, President of the University of Chicago, wrote in a 1940 essay. Isolationists believed that the safety of the nation was more important than any foreign war. As 1940 became 1941, the actions of the\",\n \"title\": \"United States non-interventionism\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"866087\",\n \"text\": \"first 24 hours and within the first ten days following delivery. Infection remains a major cause of maternal deaths and morbidity in the developing world. The work of Ignaz Semmelweis was seminal in the pathophysiology and treatment of childbed fever and his work saved many lives. Childbirth can be an intense event and strong emotions, both positive and negative, can be brought to the surface. Abnormal and persistent fear of childbirth is known as tokophobia. The prevalence of fear of childbirth around the world ranges between 4-25%, with 3-7% of pregnant women having clinical fear of childbirth. Most new mothers\",\n \"title\": \"Childbirth\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"272013\",\n \"text\": \"not be afraid to lose him'.\\\" He quoted from the \\\"Iliad\\\" what he called the \\\"briefest and most familiar saying...enough to dispel sorrow and fear\\\":<poem> leaves, the wind scatters some on the face of the ground; like unto them are the children of men.</poem> – \\\"Iliad\\\" vi.146 Another daughter was born on 7 March 150, Annia Aurelia Galeria Lucilla. At some time between 155 and 161, probably soon after 155, Marcus' mother Domitia Lucilla died. Faustina probably had another daughter in 151, but the child, Annia Galeria Aurelia Faustina, might not have been born until 153. Another son, Tiberius Aelius\",\n \"title\": \"Marcus Aurelius\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5672657\",\n \"text\": \"you'll get back on track\\\", Manson later recalled. \\\"He kept me moving. And I did get back on track. Very shortly after that, I got the call to go and join Garbage\\\". Manson credited Greig with saving her career, a debt she tacitly acknowledged by quoting the line \\\"I'm afraid there is much to be afraid of\\\" from his 1994 long poem \\\"Western Swing\\\". Lyrically Manson felt that \\\"Breaking Up the Girl\\\" was \\\"a cautionary tale. It's basically saying the world we're living in is harsh and you've got to live in the moment. Focus on the now. If there's\",\n \"title\": \"Breaking Up the Girl\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1607454\",\n \"text\": \"20 April. The policy in foreign affairs, which he pursued through the winter and spring of 1791-92, he combined with arousing the suspicions of the people against the monarchy, which he identified with the counter-revolution, and of forcing a change of ministry. On 10 March, Vergniaud delivered a powerful oration in which he denounced the intrigues of the court and uttered his famous apostrophe to the Tuileries: \\\"In ancient times fear and terror have often issued from that famous palace; let them re-enter it to-day in the name of the law!\\\" The speech overthrew Claude Antoine Valdec de Lessart, whose\",\n \"title\": \"Pierre Victurnien Vergniaud\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17792434\",\n \"text\": \"Timeline of women's education This is a timeline of women's education. 1237 1239 1608 1636 1639 1644 1674 1678 1685 1727 1732 1742 1751 1783 1786 1787 1788 1803 1818 1822 1823 1826 1827 1829 1831 1834 1834 1837 1839 1841 1842 1843 1844 1847 1849 1850 1851 1852 1853 1854 1855 1857 1858 1859 1860 1861 1862 1863 1864 1865 1866 1866 1867 1868 1869 1870: 1871 1872: 1873: 1874: 1875: 1876: 1877: 1878: 1878: 1879: 1880: 1881: 1882: 1883: 1885: 1886: 1887: 1889: 1890: 1891: 1892: 1893: 1894: 1895: 1896: 1898: 1900: 1901: 1902: 1903: 1904: 1905: 1906:\",\n \"title\": \"Timeline of women's education\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8790005\",\n \"text\": \"into the Congregation of the Passion. Throughout this time, Barberi fulfilled his duties in preaching missions and heading the English and Belgian foundations. One story told of Barberi during this time exemplifies a sense of humour. While he was visiting a convent of nuns who were instructing many converts, some of them male, Dominic was informed that some of the sisters were worried about teaching men. Dominic retorted, \\\"Have no fear, Sisters. You are all too old and too ugly.\\\" The Sisters appreciated Dominic's humour so much that they recorded the incident in their archives. Such work inevitably took its\",\n \"title\": \"Dominic Barberi\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10150542\",\n \"text\": \"through map and compass reading, survival in the wilderness and occult studies. Students lived in tepees and worked by tending the orchards and gardens. The property was previously called Top of the World Ranch. James Neil Hollingworth James Neil Hollingworth (1933–1996) was a disabled, beatnik, hippie, writer, and former manager of the psychedelic folk rock bands Quicksilver Messenger Service and Ace of Cups. He wrote under the pseudonym Ambrose Hollingworth Redmoon. An often quoted aphorism penned by Hollingworth is \\\"Courage is not the absence of fear, but rather the judgment that something else is more important than one's fear.\\\"Ambrose was\",\n \"title\": \"James Neil Hollingworth\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3477480\",\n \"text\": \"1, the Roman poet Ovid wrote Ars Amatoria (\\\"The Art of Love\\\") in which he expressed \\\"Ugly are hornless bulls, a field without grass is an eyesore, So is a tree without leaves, so is a head without hair.\\\" Another example of this bias, in a later and different culture, can be found in \\\"The Arabian Nights\\\" (c. AD 800-900), in which the female character Scheherazade asks \\\"Is there anything more ugly in the world than a man beardless and bald as an artichoke?\\\" The earliest known example of a toupée was found in a tomb near the ancient Predynastic\",\n \"title\": \"Toupée\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12019999\",\n \"text\": \"Benedict XVI and Pope Francis voiced their acceptance of the supernatural origin of the Fátima, Portugal, events. The Sanctuary of Our Lady of Fátima is now a major Marian church in Europe. The Shrine of Nostra Signora della Guardia in Genoa, Italy has a similar story. In 1490 a peasant Benedetto Pareto reported that the Virgin Mary had asked him to build a chapel on a mountain. Pareto reported that he replied that he was only a poor man and would not be able to do that, but he was told by the Virgin Mary: \\\"\\\"Do not be afraid!\\\"\\\". After\",\n \"title\": \"Catholic Marian church buildings\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20601479\",\n \"text\": \"Fear Is a Liar \\\"Fear Is a Liar\\\" is the third single from Christian rock artist Zach Williams from his debut studio album \\\"Chain Breaker\\\". The song peaked at No. 3 on the Hot Christian Songs chart. It lasted 31 weeks on the overall chart. \\\"Fear Is a Liar\\\" was released as the third single from \\\"Chain Breaker\\\" on January 19, 2018, accompanied with a music video. The song's message is about maturing with God's love, and coming to the point that there is nothing to fear. The song was written by Williams, along with Jason Ingram, Jonathan Lindley Smith\",\n \"title\": \"Fear Is a Liar\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1412611\",\n \"text\": \"at the General Assembly, on Sept 23, 2011. Just before the outbreak of the Six-Day War, Schneerson called for a global Teffilin campaign, to see that Jews observe the Mitzva of Tefillin as a means of ensuring divine protection against Israel's enemies. Speaking to a crowd of thousands of people on May 28, 1967, only a few days before the outbreak of the war, he assured the world that Israel would be victorious. He said Israel had no need to fear as God was with them, quoting the verse, \\\"the Guardian of Israel neither sleeps nor slumbers\\\". After the Operation\",\n \"title\": \"Menachem Mendel Schneerson\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7568337\",\n \"text\": \"Who breaks a butterfly upon a wheel? \\\"Who breaks a butterfly upon a wheel?\\\" is a quotation from Alexander Pope's \\\"Epistle to Dr Arbuthnot\\\" of January 1735. It alludes to \\\"breaking on the wheel\\\", a form of torture in which victims had their long bones broken by an iron bar while tied to a Catherine wheel. The quotation is used to suggest someone is \\\"[employing] superabundant effort in the accomplishment of a small matter\\\". The quotation is sometimes misquoted with \\\"on\\\" in place of \\\"upon\\\". The line \\\"Who breaks a butterfly upon a wheel?\\\" forms line 308 of the \\\"Epistle\",\n \"title\": \"Who breaks a butterfly upon a wheel?\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1653161\",\n \"text\": \"In 1990 he wrote a song, \\\"Who Was That Man?\\\" about a man who died in the King's Cross fire. In 1992, \\\"(What's So Funny 'Bout) Peace, Love, and Understanding\\\" was covered by Curtis Stigers on the soundtrack album to \\\"The Bodyguard\\\", an album that sold about 44 million copies worldwide. A New York \\\"Daily News\\\" article quoted Lowe as saying his greatest fear in recent years was \\\"sticking with what you did when you were famous.\\\" \\\"I didn't want to become one of those thinning-haired, jowly old geezers who still does the same shtick they did when they were\",\n \"title\": \"Nick Lowe\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2604127\",\n \"text\": \"Appeasing Pheromone, a synthetic analogue of a hormone secreted by nursing canine mothers. Studies have also shown that cats can be afraid of thunderstorms. Whilst it is less common, cats have been known to hide under a table or behind a couch during a thunderstorm. Generally if any animal is anxious during a thunderstorm or any similar, practically harmless event (e.g. fireworks display), it is advised to simply continue behaving normally, instead of attempting to comfort animals. Showing fearlessness is, arguably, the best method to \\\"cure\\\" the anxiety. Astraphobia Astraphobia, also known as astrapophobia, brontophobia, keraunophobia, or tonitrophobia is an\",\n \"title\": \"Astraphobia\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8548663\",\n \"text\": \"in October, he was taken severely ill with dysentery, but remained in command and on the field until too weak to go further. When told that he had but a few hours to live, he answered: \\\"I am not afraid to die, I have met death too often to be afraid of it now.\\\" He was awarded a brevet (honorary promotion) to major general on September 1, 1864 and died in service a few weeks later. General Ransom is buried in Rosehill Cemetery in Chicago. Ransom's memory was cherished by many prominent Union Generals including Grant and Sherman. The historian\",\n \"title\": \"Thomas E. G. Ransom\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7434406\",\n \"text\": \"a Christian, let him not be ashamed, but let him glorify God on this behalf.\\\" [1 Peter 4:12–14] John, in fact, exhorts us to lay down our lives even for our brethren, [1 John 3:16] affirming that there is no fear in love: \\\"For perfect love casts out fear, since fear has punishment; and he who fears is not perfect in love.\\\" [1 John 4:18] What fear would it be better to understand (as here meant), than that which gives rise to denial? What love does he assert to be perfect, but that which puts fear to flight, and gives\",\n \"title\": \"Apostasy in Christianity\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6921743\",\n \"text\": \"The Shadow of the Vulture \\\"The Shadow of the Vulture\\\" is a short story by American writer Robert E. Howard, first published in \\\"The Magic Carpet Magazine\\\", January 1934. The story introduces the character of Red Sonya of Rogatino, who later became the inspiration for the popular character Red Sonja, archetype of the chainmail-bikini clad female warrior. Unlike Howard's better-known fantasy work, \\\"The Shadow of the Vulture\\\" is historical fiction, set in the 16th century. It uses the career of sultan Suleiman the Magnificent (also known as Sultan Suleiman I), the aftermath of the Battle of Mohács (1526) and the\",\n \"title\": \"The Shadow of the Vulture\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2235885\",\n \"text\": \"Affairs, with activities as important as those carried out under the Consulate. His police agents were omnipresent, and the terror which Napoleon and Fouché inspired partly accounts for the absence of conspiracies after 1804. After the Battle of Austerlitz (December 1805), Fouché uttered the famous words: \\\"Sire, Austerlitz has shattered the old aristocracy; the Faubourg Saint-Germain no longer conspires\\\". Nevertheless, Napoleon did retain feelings of distrust, or even of fear, towards Fouché, as was proven by his conduct in the early days of 1808. While engaged in the campaign of Spain, the emperor heard rumours that Fouché and Charles Maurice\",\n \"title\": \"Joseph Fouché\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18769880\",\n \"text\": \"inspired by the Super Mario Bros. video game. In 2014, Asplund designed a small fashion collection titled 'Heterophobia' for the Helsinki Pride festivities, where the products were quickly sold out. The collection generated a lot of interest in social media, and Asplund was invited to the Berlin Fashion Week in July 2014. The collection was expanded to include 200 pieces of clothing, creating a political streetwear collection, carrying the slogan 'no fear of different - we are all equal'. Asplund has been promoting the collection in several countries, also in North America during the Vancouver, New York (part of Mercedes-Benz\",\n \"title\": \"Antti Asplund\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1171914\",\n \"text\": \"the \\\"First Lady in the General Government\\\". One of her most famous comments was \\\"I'd rather be widowed than divorced from a Reichsminister!\\\" Frank answered: \\\"So you are my deadly enemy!\\\" In 1987, Niklas Frank wrote a book about his father, \\\"Der Vater: Eine Abrechnung\\\" (\\\"The Father: A Settling of Accounts\\\"), which was published in English in 1991 as \\\"In the Shadow of the Reich\\\". The book, which was serialized in the magazine \\\"Stern\\\", caused controversy in Germany because of the scathing way in which the younger Frank depicted his father: Niklas referred to him as \\\"a slime-hole of a\",\n \"title\": \"Hans Frank\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3838612\",\n \"text\": \"friend: \\\"I am not so afraid of the Nazis … There are worse things one can be afraid of, namely things one is afraid of without knowing why. For instance, I am afraid of streets. Roads can be hostile to one, can destroy one. Streets scare me.\\\" And a few years earlier, von Horváth had written poetry about lightning: \\\"Yes, thunder, that it can do. And bolt and storm. Terror and destruction.\\\" Ödön von Horváth was buried in Saint-Ouen cemetery in northern Paris. In 1988, on the 50th anniversary of his death, his remains were transferred to Vienna and reinterred\",\n \"title\": \"Ödön von Horváth\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12668159\",\n \"text\": \"Panda Bear, Panda Bear, What Do You See? Panda Bear, Panda Bear, What Do You See? is a children's picture book by Bill Martin, Jr. and illustrated by Eric Carle. It is the third companion book to \\\"Brown Bear, Brown Bear, What Do You See?\\\". Various endangered animals answer the question \\\"What do you see?\\\" and the answers are what animal they see. The text is in rhyme. The list of animals includes a panda bear, a bald eagle, a water buffalo, a spider monkey, a green sea turtle, a macaroni penguin, a sea lion, a red wolf, a whooping\",\n \"title\": \"Panda Bear, Panda Bear, What Do You See?\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2607919\",\n \"text\": \"film ever made. In 2008, the American Film Institute distributed ballots to 1,500 directors, critics and other people associated with the film industry in order to determine the top ten American films in ten different genre categories. Cronenberg's version of \\\"The Fly\\\" was nominated under the science fiction category, although it did not make the top ten. It was also nominated for AFI's 100 Years... 100 Thrills and AFI's 100 Years...100 Passions and Veronica's warning to Tawny in the film—\\\"Be afraid. Be very afraid.\\\"—was nominated for AFI's 100 Years... 100 Movie Quotes. The quote \\\"Be afraid. Be very afraid.\\\" was\",\n \"title\": \"The Fly (1986 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1603933\",\n \"text\": \"the oppressive reign of the Roman emperor Tiberius and calling for the establishment of a \\\"Committee of Clemency\\\" to counter the climate of mercilessness fostered by the Committee of Public Safety. In the fourth number of the journal, Desmoulins addressed Robespierre directly, writing, \\\"My dear Robespierre... my old school friend... Remember the lessons of history and philosophy: love is stronger, more lasting than fear.\\\" The perceived counter-revolutionary tone in these calls for clemency led to Desmoulins' expulsion from the Club des Cordeliers and denunciation at the Jacobins, as well as, ultimately, to his arrest and execution. Desmoulins took an active\",\n \"title\": \"Camille Desmoulins\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2178856\",\n \"text\": \"not as they are,\\\" and \\\"The purpose of life is not to be happy at all. It is to be useful, to be honorable. It is to be compassionate. It is to \\\"matter,\\\" to have it make some difference that you lived.\\\" (A version of this quotation is sometimes attributed, falsely, to Ralph Waldo Emerson.) At a tribute dinner to fellow humorist W. C. Fields, Rosten came up with the remark about Fields that \\\"any man who hates dogs and babies can't be all bad.\\\" This statement is often misattributed to Fields himself. In his book, \\\"The Joys of Yiddish\\\",\",\n \"title\": \"Leo Rosten\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11167824\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"woman\\\" and φόβος - \\\"phobos\\\", \\\"fear\\\". Hyponyms of the term \\\"gynophobia\\\" include \\\"feminophobia\\\", Gynophobia was previously considered a driving force toward homosexuality. In his 1896 \\\"Studies in the Psychology of Sex\\\", Havelock Ellis wrote: It is, perhaps, not difficult to account for the horror – much stronger than that normally felt toward a person of the same sex – with which the invert often regards the sexual organs of persons of the opposite sex. It cannot be said that the sexual organs of either sex under the influence of sexual excitement are esthetically pleasing; they only become emotionally desirable through\",\n \"title\": \"Gynophobia\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7507937\",\n \"text\": \"traditions believe that Sikhs helped protect Hindus from Islamic persecution, and this caused martyrdom of their Guru. The Sikh historians, for example, record that the Sikh movement was rapidly growing in northwest India, and Guru Tegh Bahadur Ji was openly encouraging Sikhs to, \\\"be fearless in their pursuit of just society: he who holds none in fear, nor is afraid of anyone, is acknowledged as a man of true wisdom\\\", a statement recorded in Adi Granth 1427. While Guru Tegh Bahadur influence was rising, Aurangzeb had imposed Islamic laws, demolished Hindu schools and temples, and enforced new taxes on non-Muslims.\",\n \"title\": \"Hinduism and Sikhism\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19239674\",\n \"text\": \"Serpent (comics) Serpent (Cul Borson) is a fictional supervillain appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Usually depicted as a foe of Odin and Thor, the Serpent has also come into conflict with the Avengers. He is the brother of Odin, therefore the uncle of Thor, Loki and Angela. He is known as the Norse God of Fear. Serpent first appeared in \\\"Fear Itself\\\" #1 (June 2011), and was created by Stuart Immonen and Matt Fraction. Cul Borson is an enigmatic being who claims that he is the true All-Father of Asgard and not his brother Odin. After\",\n \"title\": \"Serpent (comics)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2171587\",\n \"text\": \"September 1916. General Debeney spoke at the statue's unveiling in 1926, praising Foch's operational concepts of 1918. Foch also has a grape cultivar named after him. In the Belgian city of Leuven, one of the central squares was named after him after the First World War, but it was renamed in 2012. Mount Foch in Alberta is also named after him. Foch received the title of Doctor honoris causa of the Jagiellonian University of Kraków in 1918. English Translation: \\\"None but a coward dares to boast that he has never known fear\\\". English Translation: \\\"Don't tell me that this problem\",\n \"title\": \"Ferdinand Foch\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1549323\",\n \"text\": \"UN mandate, and that the view of the United States as a danger to world peace had significantly increased. UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan described the war as illegal, saying in a September 2004 interview that it was \\\"not in conformity with the Security Council.\\\" Brazilian President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva said that the invasion \\\"disrespects the United Nations\\\" and failed to take world opinion into account. Nelson Mandela, former President of South Africa, called the US's attitude five months before the invasion a \\\"threat to world peace\\\". He said they were sending a message that \\\"if you are afraid\",\n \"title\": \"Opposition to the Iraq War\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11485869\",\n \"text\": \"has failed to place among the top four teams only once, in 2012.Below is the list of eight nations that have finished in the top two in Thomas Cup. 2018: 2016: 2014: 2012: 2010: 2008: 2006: 2004: 2002: 2000: 1998: 1996: 1994: 1992: 2018: 2016: 2014: 2012: 2010: 2008: 2006: 2004: 2002: 2000: 1998: 1996: 1994: 1992: 1990: 1988: 1986: 1984: 1981: 1978: 1975: 1972: 1969: 2017 2015 2013 2011 2009 Even though they actually have a balance of strength in all events, they are known for producing many great doubles in the men's category. Their doubles had conquered the\",\n \"title\": \"Indonesia national badminton team\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"547666\",\n \"text\": \"Edward Albee Edward Franklin Albee III ( ; March 12, 1928 – September 16, 2016) was an American playwright known for works such as \\\"The Zoo Story\\\" (1958), \\\"The Sandbox\\\" (1959), \\\"Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?\\\" (1962), and \\\"A Delicate Balance\\\" (1966). Three of his plays won the Pulitzer Prize for Drama, and two of his other works won the Tony Award for Best Play. His works are often considered as frank examinations of the modern condition. His early works reflect a mastery and Americanization of the Theatre of the Absurd that found its peak in works by European playwrights\",\n \"title\": \"Edward Albee\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10975310\",\n \"text\": \"Fear of frogs Fear of frogs and toads is both a known specific phobia, known simply as frog phobia or ranidaphobia (from \\\"ranidae\\\", the most widespread family of frogs), and a superstition common to the folkways of many cultures. Psychiatric speciality literature uses the simple term \\\"fear of frogs\\\" rather than any specialized term. The term batrachophobia has also been recorded in a 1953 psychiatric dictionary. According to some, the sight of a frog may be a bad omen. As well, a common myth says that touching frogs and toads may give one warts. (In many other cultures, frogs are\",\n \"title\": \"Fear of frogs\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9412235\",\n \"text\": \"September 1993, the battalion was inactivated and relieved from assignment to the 7th Infantry Division. The 2nd Battalion, 27th Infantry Regiment, was again activated on 31 August 1995, and this unit again carries its thirty battle streamers and twelve unit citations on its colors. The motto \\\"Nec Aspera Terrent\\\" translates to \\\"Frightened by no Difficulties,\\\" as \\\"Aspera\\\" is Latin for \\\"Work\\\" or \\\"Difficulty\\\" and \\\"Terrent\\\" is Latin for \\\"Fear,\\\" the same root as \\\"Terror.\\\" It is often stated as \\\"No Fear on Earth.\\\" The 4th Battalion, 27th Infantry Regiment, was active in the 3rd Brigade, 25th Infantry Division (L) at\",\n \"title\": \"27th Infantry Regiment (United States)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4922727\",\n \"text\": \"God Exists, Why is He Hiding?” “Is Jesus the Son of God?” “Why Is There So Much Evil in the World?” “What Does To Save Mean?” “Why So Many Religions?” “Buddha?” “Muhammad?” “Judaism?” “What Is the New Evangelization?” “Is There Really Hope in the Young?” “Was God at Work in the Fall of Communism?” “Is Only Rome Right?” “In Search of Lost Unity,” “A Qualitative Renewal,” “The Reaction of the World,” “Does Eternal Life Exist?” “Human Rights,” “The Mother of God,” and “Be Not Afraid.” The pope answers questions directly, and he also provides a context and history as background.\",\n \"title\": \"Crossing the Threshold of Hope\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17980900\",\n \"text\": \"line, whispered by Clara to the young Doctor, is \\\"Fear makes companions of us all\\\" – a line originally spoken by the First Doctor in the third episode of the very first \\\"Doctor Who\\\" serial, \\\"An Unearthly Child\\\" (1963). Steven Moffat discussed the episode in an interview, saying: \\\"my impulse starting in that was just the idea, 'What does he do when he’s got nothing [to] do?' Because he’d throw himself off a building if he thought it’d be interesting on the way down ... he’s fascinated by anything. And here he’s with nothing to do, so he just goes\",\n \"title\": \"Listen (Doctor Who)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4354163\",\n \"text\": \"who sometimes refer to themselves as \\\"freaks\\\" after a Fish-era B-side. The phrase \\\"She was only dreaming\\\" in the song \\\"If My Heart Were a Ball It Would Roll Uphill\\\" is a sample from \\\"Chelsea Monday\\\". According to Hogarth, the title, nominally a play on the word \\\"arachnophobia\\\", or fear of spiders, means no fear of anoraks (\\\"anorak no phobia\\\"), referring to the long-running in-joke that Marillion fans are also sometimes called anoraks. The artwork for \\\"Anoraknophobia\\\" as well as some other related music releases and press materials feature cartoon graphics of a boy named Barry who wears a rain\",\n \"title\": \"Anoraknophobia\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10927994\",\n \"text\": \"porch has been completely refurbished. On entering the porch you are now greeted by eight newly positioned oak statues of Saints Columba, Patrick, Matthew, Mark, Luke, John, Mary and Joseph. These statues used to be part of the canopy of the old pulpit in the cathedral from 1906-1989. A stone statue of Saint Eugene adorns the outside of the entrance porch embedded in the main bell tower of the cathedral; it has been there since the cathedral was built in 1873. In the newly refurbished porch the words from the prophet Isaiah, \\\"Do not be afraid I have redeemed you\",\n \"title\": \"St Eugene's Cathedral\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14589852\",\n \"text\": \"the star presenter of the weekly journal on TF1 from 1990 to 1991, also followed the same approach. He was particularly famous for his opening sentence on the \\\"20 hour Journal\\\" on 18 February 1976: \\\"France in fear\\\". This underlined the emotion caused by the kidnapping and death of a small boy Philippe Bertrand at Troyes by Patrick Henry. This saying was diluted, however, because a few minutes later, he clarified that this fear is a feeling which we must not give up. Leaving the presentation of television news in 1981, Roger Gicquel then held several positions at TF1. He\",\n \"title\": \"Roger Gicquel\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13563682\",\n \"text\": \"after Apollodorus received the same message from Peithagoras with respect to Alexander. Peithagoras is also said to have predicted the deaths of Perdiccas and Antigonus. Peithagoras Peithagoras () was a Macedonian seer and general from Amphipolis, brother of Apollodorus. According to Aristobulus of Cassandreia, Apollodorus, having joined Alexander the Great on his return from his Indian expedition and accompanied him to Ecbatana, imagined that he had grounds for dreading his displeasure, and wrote therefore to Peithagoras at Babylon, to inquire whether any danger threatened him from Alexander or Hephaestion. The answer was that he had nothing to fear from Hephaestion,\",\n \"title\": \"Peithagoras\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2967742\",\n \"text\": \"donated money for the building of Wilhenford Hospital in Augusta, Georgia, which opened in 1910. The name combined a syllable of her father's' name (Hen) with her husband's and son's. His saying, \\\"In the whole history of the world there is but one thing that money can not buy... to wit the wag of a dog's tail\\\" appears at the beginning of the Disney film \\\"Lady and the Tramp\\\". The phrase, \\\"Love is like measles... the later in life it occurs, the tougher it gets,\\\" was quoted as being Josh Billings' in Jan Karon's book, \\\"A Light in the Window\\\".\",\n \"title\": \"Josh Billings\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10297040\",\n \"text\": \"Cultural influence of Gilbert and Sullivan For nearly 150 years, Gilbert and Sullivan have pervasively influenced popular culture in the English-speaking world. Lines and quotations from the Gilbert and Sullivan operas have become part of the English language, such as \\\"short, sharp shock\\\", \\\"What never? Well, hardly ever!\\\", \\\"let the punishment fit the crime\\\", and \\\"A policeman's lot is not a happy one\\\". The Savoy operas heavily influenced the course of the development of modern musical theatre. They have also influenced political style and discourse, literature, film and television and advertising, and have been widely parodied by humorists. Because they\",\n \"title\": \"Cultural influence of Gilbert and Sullivan\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10297107\",\n \"text\": \"Cultural influence of Gilbert and Sullivan For nearly 150 years, Gilbert and Sullivan have pervasively influenced popular culture in the English-speaking world. Lines and quotations from the Gilbert and Sullivan operas have become part of the English language, such as \\\"short, sharp shock\\\", \\\"What never? Well, hardly ever!\\\", \\\"let the punishment fit the crime\\\", and \\\"A policeman's lot is not a happy one\\\". The Savoy operas heavily influenced the course of the development of modern musical theatre. They have also influenced political style and discourse, literature, film and television and advertising, and have been widely parodied by humorists. Because they\",\n \"title\": \"Cultural influence of Gilbert and Sullivan\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2969948\",\n \"text\": \"Fear (1996 film) Fear is a 1996 American psychological thriller directed by James Foley and written by Christopher Crowe. It stars Mark Wahlberg, Reese Witherspoon, William Petersen, Alyssa Milano and Amy Brenneman. It revolves around a wealthy family whose seemingly perfect existence is threatened when their teenage daughter begins dating an attractive and mysterious young man, much to her father's chagrin. The picture was largely derided by critics upon its release, but became a sleeper hit in the spring of 1996, grossing $20 million at the U.S. box office. It has since become a cult film, while at the same\",\n \"title\": \"Fear (1996 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2590033\",\n \"text\": \"The crest itself may have been derived from Sir William de Carlyell of Cumberland, in the reign of Edward II, who bore a red cross. The supporting red wyverns to either side of the shield are a symbol of the British Kingdom of Cumbria. The motto on the underlying scroll reads: ‘Be just and fear not’, which is a quote from Shakespeare's 'Henry VIII'. Carlisle were often referred to as 'The Foxes' due to the local connection with huntsman John Peel. In 1970 the club badge changed to reflect this and featured a golden fox jumping over the abbreviation C.U.F.C.\",\n \"title\": \"Carlisle United F.C.\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7682905\",\n \"text\": \"in the first person, follows 24 hours of Christopher Snow's life, as he discovers and attempts to unravel a mysterious and seemingly endless conspiracy centered on a military compound called Fort Wyvern. The book opens with Christopher Snow going to visit his dying father at the hospital. As Snow crosses the hospital to his father's room the lights are thoughtfully dimmed to protect him in his condition. Christopher’s father dying words of advice were \\\"Fear nothing, Chris. Fear nothing\\\". As he leaves the hospital Snow accidentally and serendipitously watches as his father’s body is switched with that of a drifter.\",\n \"title\": \"Fear Nothing\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6025078\",\n \"text\": \"there are not. Let no fool,<br> Led by the old false fable, thus deceive you.” A fragment from the lost satyr play \\\"Sisyphus\\\", which has been attributed to both Critias and Euripides, claims that a clever man invented \\\"the fear of the gods\\\" in order to frighten people into behaving morally. This statement, however, originally did not mean that the gods themselves were nonexistent, but rather that their powers were a hoax. Aristophanes (ca. 448–380 BCE), known for his satirical style, wrote in his play the \\\"Knights\\\": \\\"Shrines! Shrines! Surely you don't believe in the gods. What's your argument? Where's\",\n \"title\": \"History of atheism\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1994792\",\n \"text\": \"shrug off even the worst injuries. The only lines of dialogue from the book that were re-used in the film were spoken by Baby Herman and Jessica Rabbit with Baby Herman saying \\\"I've got a 50-year-old lust and a 3-year-old dinky\\\" and Jessica Rabbit saying \\\"I'm not bad, Mr. Valiant. I'm just drawn that way\\\", though in the book, Baby Herman's actual age is given as 36. In 1991, Wolf wrote another Roger Rabbit book, \\\"Who P-P-P-Plugged Roger Rabbit?\\\", but (in the form of a memo from Valiant) the book says that Roger Rabbit \\\"and his screwball buddies play fast\",\n \"title\": \"Who Censored Roger Rabbit?\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19937514\",\n \"text\": \"sets forth the limits and risks for a journalist when it comes to disagreeing publicly with publishers. Gerald Posner wrote about the controversy in \\\"The Huffington Post\\\". Trisha has also been a commentator on television, NBC, MSNBC and FOX, regarding her journalism. Trisha Posner Trisha Posner is a British non-fiction writer. She is the author of \\\"This is Not Your Mother's Menopause: One Woman's Natural Journey Through Change (2000)\\\", \\\"No Hormones, No Fear (2003)\\\" and \\\"The Pharmacist of Auschwitz: The Untold Story (2017)\\\". She wrote under her own name, as well as Patricia Posner. \\\"The Pharmacist of Auschwitz\\\" was the\",\n \"title\": \"Trisha Posner\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15778671\",\n \"text\": \"East African Professional Hunter's Association The East African Professional Hunter's Association (EAPHA) was an organization of East African white hunters founded in Nairobi, Kenya in 1934. Well known members included Philip Percival, Harry Selby, Sydney Downey and Donald Ker. Their motto was \\\"nec timor nec temeritas\\\", or \\\"neither fear nor foolhardiness\\\". The Association formed out of a desire to regulate hunting in the wake of technological developments like the safari vehicle, which had made accessing remote hunting areas much easier. During its existence it was able to accomplish much to conserve East African wildlife and become perhaps one of the\",\n \"title\": \"East African Professional Hunter's Association\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18610677\",\n \"text\": \"end and a long one on the other). A Brief History Pointing to Innate Behavior: Friedrich Goethe was the first to perform experiments using silhouettes (1937, 1940). He found that naive Capercaillie exhibited a greater fear response to a silhouette of a hawk than to a circle, a triangle, or a generalized bird silhouette, but that this varied with both species, and prior experience. Tinbergen, in 1951, pointed out that he was inspired by Oscar Heinroth's observations in which he stated that domestic chickens are more alarmed by short necked birds, over long necks ones. This provoked Konrad Lorenz's and\",\n \"title\": \"Hawk/goose effect\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"compressed_ctxs_1":{"kind":"string","value":"{\n \"compressed_prompt\": \"Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\\n\\ntitle: Edith Cavell context: German army chaplain, recalled at the time of her execution, \\\"I do not believe that Miss Cavell wanted to be a martyr ... but she was ready to die for her country ... Miss Cavell was a very brave woman and a faithful Christian\\\". Another account from Anglican chaplain, the Reverend Gahan, remembers Cavell's words, \\\"I have no fear or shrinking; I have seen death so often it is not strange, or fearful to me!\\\" In this interpretation, her stoicism was seen as remarkable for a non-combatant woman, and brought her even greater renown than a man in similar circumstances\\n\\n\\\"Who said \\\"\\\"Nothing is so much to be feared as fear?\\\"\",\n \"compressed_tokens\": 186,\n \"origin_tokens\": 186,\n \"ratio\": \"1.0x\",\n \"saving\": \", Saving $0.0 in GPT-4.\"\n}"},"compressed_ctxs_100":{"kind":"string","value":"{\n \"compressed_prompt\": \"Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\\n\\ntitle: Fear context: first person, follows hours of Snow's life, as he discovers and attempts to unravel a mysterious and seemingly endless conspi centered on a military compound called Fort Wyvern. The opens with Christopher Snow going to visit dying father at the hospital. As Snow crosses the hospital to his father's room the lights are thoughtfully dimmed to protect him in his condition.’s father dying words of advice wereFear nothing, Chris. Fear nothing\\\". As he leaves the hospital Snow accidentally and serendipitously watches as his father’s body is switched with that of a drifter.\\n\\n: Josh Billings context:ated money for the building offord Hospitala, which in 910 name a sy father'' ( her husband son His \\\"In the whole history of the there but one that not buy to wag of a dogs tail\\\" appears at beginning Disney filmady and the Tramp The \\\"Love like measles... the life occurs, tougher,\\\" was quoted as Josh' Jan Karons, \\\" Light in the Window\\\".\\ntitle 140s in poetry context 1490s in poetry Nationality words link to with information on thes poetry or (for instance, or France14 9: 149:1495:1496:1497:1498 499 years link to the corresponding \\\"[year] in poetry\\\". are for the of many people born in this period sources conflict, the poet is listed again and the conflict noted: 10: 1: 1: 1: 4:: 6:17: 8: B years link to the \\\"[year] in poetry\\\" article: 19: 149: 19: 19: 19: 19: 96: 9: 9: 19::9 to the, or Death. areting sources for the birth of period; conflict1497: 1498: 1499: Birth years link to the corresponding \\\"[year] in poetry\\\" article: 1490: 1491: 1492: 1493: 1494: 1495:\\n\\n\\\"Who said \\\"\\\"Nothing is so much to be feared as fear?\\\"\",\n \"compressed_tokens\": 476,\n \"origin_tokens\": 15326,\n \"ratio\": \"32.2x\",\n \"saving\": \", Saving $0.9 in GPT-4.\"\n}"}}},{"rowIdx":291,"cells":{"id":{"kind":"number","value":291,"string":"291"},"question":{"kind":"string","value":"What was the name of Elizabeth Barrett Browning's pet golden cocker spaniel ?"},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["Flush (disambiguation)","Flush (song)","Flush"],"string":"[\n \"Flush (disambiguation)\",\n \"Flush (song)\",\n \"Flush\"\n]","isConversational":false},"target":{"kind":"string","value":"Flush"},"ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"id":"449489","text":"mocked. \"\"The Waves\" (1931) presents a group of six friends whose reflections, which are closer to recitatives than to interior monologues proper, create a wave-like atmosphere that is more akin to a prose poem than to a plot-centred novel\". \"Flush: A Biography\" (1933) is a part-fiction, part-biography of the cocker spaniel owned by Victorian poet Elizabeth Barrett Browning. The book is written from the dog's point of view. Woolf was inspired to write this book from the success of the Rudolf Besier play \"The Barretts of Wimpole Street\". In the play, Flush is on stage for much of the action.","title":"Virginia Woolf"},{"id":"7197664","text":"dead. That was all. The drawing-room table, strangely enough, stood perfectly still.\" Woolf ostensibly uses the life of a dog as pointed social criticism, ranging across topics from feminism and environmentalism to class conflict. Flush: A Biography Flush: A Biography, an imaginative biography of Elizabeth Barrett Browning's cocker spaniel, is a cross-genre blend of fiction and nonfiction by Virginia Woolf published in 1933. Written after the completion of her emotionally draining \"The Waves\", the work returned Woolf to the imaginative consideration of English history that she had begun in \"\", and to which she would return in \"Between the Acts\".","title":"Flush: A Biography"},{"id":"7197655","text":"Flush: A Biography Flush: A Biography, an imaginative biography of Elizabeth Barrett Browning's cocker spaniel, is a cross-genre blend of fiction and nonfiction by Virginia Woolf published in 1933. Written after the completion of her emotionally draining \"The Waves\", the work returned Woolf to the imaginative consideration of English history that she had begun in \"\", and to which she would return in \"Between the Acts\". Commonly read as a modernist consideration of city life seen through the eyes of a dog, Flush serves as a harsh criticism of the supposedly unnatural ways of living in the city. The figure","title":"Flush: A Biography"},{"id":"126051","text":"of Edward's trip to Torquay. She wrote to Mitford, \"That was a very near escape from madness, absolute hopeless madness\". The family returned to Wimpole Street in 1841. At Wimpole Street Barrett Browning spent most of her time in her upstairs room. Her health began to improve, though she saw few people other than her immediate family. One of those was Kenyon, a wealthy friend of the family and patron of the arts. She received comfort from a spaniel named Flush, a gift from Mary Mitford. (Virginia Woolf later fictionalised the life of the dog, making him the protagonist of","title":"Elizabeth Barrett Browning"},{"id":"714768","text":"of Wimpole Street\", starring Katharine Cornell. Subsequent film in 1957 \"The Barretts of Wimpole Street\" starred Jennifer Jones and Bill Travers. The bulk of the story takes place in the lavish home of Edward Barrett (Charles Laughton) and his adult children. Upstairs, Elizabeth (Norma Shearer), called \"Ba\", the oldest girl, consults with her doctor. She is recovering from an undisclosed illness and is extremely weak – standing and walking are painful – but the doctor advises that a full recovery is possible. She has a vivacious and brilliant mind, her poetry is frequently published, she has a cute Cocker spaniel","title":"The Barretts of Wimpole Street (1934 film)"},{"id":"3014725","text":"is similar to merle, but consists of solid patches and white patches speckled or \"ticked\" with the same colour as the solid patches. The colours themselves in the breed consist of black, liver with brown pigmentation, red with black or brown pigmentation, golden with black or brown pigmentation, sable, silver, ash, black and tan, liver and tan, blue roan, liver roan, orange roan with black or brown pigmentation, lemon roan with black or brown pigmentation, black and white ticked, liver and white ticked, orange and white ticked with black or brown pigmentation, lemon and white ticked with black or brown","title":"English Cocker Spaniel"},{"id":"7197661","text":"Bouverie Pusey for the puppy, Mitford gave Flush to Elizabeth, then convalescent in a back room of the family house on Wimpole Street in London. Flush leads a restrained but happy life with the poet until she meets Robert Browning; the introduction of love into Barrett Browning's life improves her health tremendously, but leaves the forgotten dog heartbroken. Woolf draws on passages from the letters to depict Flush's attempted mutinies: that is, he attempts to bite Browning, who remains unharmed. The drama of the courtship is interrupted by Flush's dognapping. While accompanying Barrett Browning shopping, he is snatched by a","title":"Flush: A Biography"},{"id":"4155063","text":"daily-paper critics, she has glamour.\" The play ran for 370 performances. When it was announced that it was closing, the remaining performances sold out and hundreds were turned away. The play's success engendered a revival of Robert Browning's poetry, and cocker spaniels became the popular dog that year. Irving Thalberg wanted Cornell to play her part in an MGM adaptation, offering that if she was not completely satisfied with the result, the film would be destroyed. She refused. The movie that was released had most of the original cast, and Thalberg's wife, actress Norma Shearer, played the part of Elizabeth.","title":"Katharine Cornell"},{"id":"11437609","text":"dear Miss Barrett,' and a little later in that first letter he says 'I do, as I say, love these books with all my heart—and I love you too' (10 January 1845). Several editions of these letters have been published, starting with one by their son in 1898. \"Flush\" by Virginia Woolf, a version of the courtship from the perspective of Elizabeth's dog, is also an imaginative reconstruction, though more closely based on reading the letters. Both the play and film reflect popular concerns at the time, particularly Freudian analysis. Although Edward Barrett's behaviour in disinheriting the children who married","title":"The Barretts of Wimpole Street (1957 film)"},{"id":"4155057","text":"her feet to watch him disappear down the lane. Elizabeth and Robert later elope, against her father's strict orders, and when he finds that she has married without his permission or knowledge, he orders that her beloved dog, Flush, be killed. But her sister had ensured that this cocker spaniel join the couple in their escape.Text of the play The play has several difficulties. The lead role of Elizabeth has to be played initially as submissive to her father, yet as the center of attention throughout. Although the ending is happy for Elizabeth and Robert, the rest of the family","title":"Katharine Cornell"},{"id":"126065","text":"with other writers, including Mary Russell Mitford, who would become a close friend and who would support Elizabeth's literary ambitions. In 1838 \"The Seraphim and Other Poems\" appeared, the first volume of Elizabeth's mature poetry to appear under her own name. \"Sonnets from the Portuguese\" was published in 1850. There is debate about the origin of the title. Some say it refers to the series of sonnets of the 16th-century Portuguese poet Luís de Camões. However, \"my little Portuguese\" was a pet name that Browning had adopted for Elizabeth and this may have some connection. The verse-novel \"Aurora Leigh,\" her","title":"Elizabeth Barrett Browning"},{"id":"2544397","text":"to flush birds into the air to be shot, and to use their eyes and nose to locate the bird once downed, and then to retrieve the bird with a soft mouth. The major differences between the English and American varieties is that the American is smaller with a shorter back, a domed head and a shorter muzzle, while the English variety is taller with a narrower head and chest. Cocker spaniel coats come in a variety of colors including black, liver, red and golden in solids. There are also black and tan, and sometimes liver and tan, as well","title":"Cocker Spaniel"},{"id":"20065966","text":"and wrote part of \"Orestes at Delpho\" under his roof. Kenyon was one of Southey's travelling companions on his French tour in 1838. Meeting Browning at a dinner-party, Kenyon discovered that Robert Browning senior, his father, had been at school with him in Bristol; this was the beginning of a lifelong friendship. Kenyon first introduced Browning, at the house of her parents, to Elizabeth Barrett, a relative if not a close one, who became Browning's wife. To Kenyon Browning dedicated his \"Dramatic Romances and Lyrics\". Failing to obtain for Kenyon a copy of the picture \"Andrea del Sarto and his","title":"John Kenyon (patron)"},{"id":"4155059","text":"play the part of Robert Browning. Afterwards, McClintic immediately went to a London jewelry store and bought a necklace, two bracelets and a garnet ring, all at least 100 years old. For every single performance that Cornell gave as Elizabeth Barrett, she wore this jewelry in the last act, when she leaves the family home for the last time. Katharine Hepburn was selected for the part of Henrietta, but since she was going to play in a summer stock company a few months later, she could not be signed to a contract. Casting the dog was troublesome, since it would","title":"Katharine Cornell"},{"id":"825039","text":"dogs, along with most service and hearing dogs, are exempt from regulations against the presence of animals in places such as restaurants and public transportation. References to service animals date at least as far back as the mid-16th century; the second line of the popular verse alphabet \"A was an Archer\" is most commonly \"B was a Blind-man/Led by a dog\". In the 19th-century verse novel \"Aurora Leigh\" by Elizabeth Barrett Browning, the title character remarks, \"The blind man walks wherever the dog pulls / And so I answered.\" The first service animal training schools were established in Germany during","title":"Guide dog"},{"id":"7197660","text":"women oppressed by \"fathers and tyrants\" may find freedom. This unusual biography traces the life of Flush from his carefree existence in the country, to his adoption by Ms. Browning and his travails in London, leading up to his final days in a bucolic Italy. The story begins by alluding to Flush's pedigree and birth in the household of Barrett Browning's impecunious friend Mary Russell Mitford. Woolf emphasises the dog's conformity to the guidelines of The Kennel Club, using those guidelines as a symbol of class difference that recurs throughout the work. Declining an offer from the brother of Edward","title":"Flush: A Biography"},{"id":"126042","text":"adulthood except for one girl, who died at the age of three, when Elizabeth was eight. The children all had nicknames: Elizabeth was \"Ba\". She rode her pony, went for family walks and picnics, socialised with other county families, and participated in home theatrical productions. But unlike her siblings, she immersed herself in books as often as she could get away from the social rituals of her family. She was baptized in 1809 at Kelloe parish church, although she had already been baptised by a family friend in her first week of life. In 1809, the family moved to Hope","title":"Elizabeth Barrett Browning"},{"id":"13792959","text":"floor of girlfriend Jane Asher's family home in a room overlooking Browning Mews in the back, and with John Lennon writing \"I Want to Hold Your Hand\" on a piano in the basement. At her father's house at number 50 lived for some time between 1840 and 1845, Elizabeth Barrett, then known as the author of a volume of poems, and who afterwards escaped and was better known as Elizabeth Barrett Browning. Today, at the bottom end of Wimpole at Wigmore can be found a sandwich shop named \"Barrett's\". Bentinck Street leaves Welbeck Street and touches the middle of winding","title":"Marylebone"},{"id":"126036","text":"Elizabeth Barrett Browning Elizabeth Barrett Browning (née Moulton-Barrett, ; 6 March 1806 – 29 June 1861) was an English poet of the Victorian era, popular in Britain and the United States during her lifetime. Born in County Durham, the eldest of 12 children, Elizabeth Barrett wrote poetry from about the age of six. Her mother's collection of her poems forms one of the largest extant collections of juvenilia by any English writer. At 15 she became ill, suffering intense head and spinal pain for the rest of her life. Later in life she also developed lung problems, possibly tuberculosis. She","title":"Elizabeth Barrett Browning"},{"id":"126075","text":"over a century. Elizabeth Barrett Browning Elizabeth Barrett Browning (née Moulton-Barrett, ; 6 March 1806 – 29 June 1861) was an English poet of the Victorian era, popular in Britain and the United States during her lifetime. Born in County Durham, the eldest of 12 children, Elizabeth Barrett wrote poetry from about the age of six. Her mother's collection of her poems forms one of the largest extant collections of juvenilia by any English writer. At 15 she became ill, suffering intense head and spinal pain for the rest of her life. Later in life she also developed lung problems,","title":"Elizabeth Barrett Browning"},{"id":"10763913","text":"with the displayed toys. The most famous resident was the poet Elizabeth Barrett, who lived at 50 Wimpole Street with her family from 1838 until 1846 when she eloped with Robert Browning. The street became famous from the play based on their courtship, \"The Barretts of Wimpole Street\". The play starred Katharine Cornell, and when she retired, she moved to E. 51st St. in New York. As she was now neighbour to two other actors who also starred in the play, the street was nicknamed \"Wimpole Street\". Virginia Woolf memorably describes Wimpole Street in \"\", beginning: \"It is the most","title":"Wimpole Street"},{"id":"16786645","text":"Royal corgis Queen Elizabeth's corgis were the Pembroke Welsh Corgi dogs owned by Queen Elizabeth II and her parents, King George VI and Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother. Fond of corgis since she was a small child, Elizabeth II has owned more than 30 corgis since she became Queen of the United Kingdom and the other Commonwealth realms in 1952. In 2007, Elizabeth II had five corgis: Monty, Emma, Linnet, Willow and Holly; five cocker spaniels: Bisto, Oxo, Flash, Spick and Span; and four dorgis (dachshund-corgi crossbreeds): Cider, Berry, Vulcan and Candy. Monty, Willow and Holly appeared in the 2012","title":"Royal corgis"},{"id":"17792435","text":"1907: 1908: 1909: 1910: 1911: 1912: 1913: 1914: 1915: 1917: 1918: 1920: 1921: 1922: 1923: 1925: 1926: 1927: 1928: 1929: 1930: 1931: 1932: 1933: 1934: 1935: 1936: 1937: 1938: 1940: 1941: 1942: 1943: 1945: 1946: 1947: 1949: 1950: 1951: 1955: 1957: 1959: 1962: 1963: 1964: 1965: 1966: 1969: 1970: 1971: 1972: 1975: 1976: 1977: 1978: 1979: 1980: 1982: 1983: 1984: 1987: 1988: 1994: 1996: 2001: 2005–2006: 2006: 2011: 2013: 2016: Timeline of women's education This is a timeline of women's education. 1237 1239 1608 1636 1639 1644 1674 1678 1685 1727 1732 1742 1751 1783 1786 1787 1788 1803 1818","title":"Timeline of women's education"},{"id":"496249","text":"are commonly hunted using retrieving dogs such as the Labrador Retriever, the Golden Retriever, the Chesapeake Bay Retriever, the Brittany Spaniel, and other similar breeds. Game birds are flushed out using flushing spaniels such as the English Springer Spaniel, the various Cocker Spaniels and similar breeds. The hunting of wild mammals in England and Wales with dogs was banned under the Hunting Act 2004. The wild mammals include fox, hare, deer and mink. Hunting with dogs is permissible, however, where it has been carried out in accordance with one of the exceptions in the Act. Many prehistoric deities are depicted","title":"Hunting"},{"id":"19192579","text":"writing of \"The Poems of Geoffrey Chaucer Modernized\"; others involved with the project included Richard Henry Horne (editor), Elizabeth Barrett Browning, William Wordsworth, Leigh Hunt, Robert Bell and Leonhard Schmitz. However, Powell later fell out of favour with his fellow authors. Horne wrote of Powell that he was “a dog he repudiates forever” and Robert Browning, in a letter of the same year (1846), warned Elizabeth Barrett Browning not to trust Powell “as his impudence and brazen insensibility are dreadful to encounter beyond all belief”. Powell was employed as a clerk in the shipping business of John Chapman & Co.","title":"Thomas Powell (1809–1887)"},{"id":"1447755","text":"in 1956, which was dismissed by the critics as old-fashioned, though it ran for more than a year. He made two film appearances, playing a cameo comedy scene with Coward as a prospective manservant in Michael Anderson's \"Around the World in 80 Days\" (1956), and as the father of Elizabeth Barrett Browning in Sidney Franklin's 1957 remake of \"The Barretts of Wimpole Street\". He did not consider his performance as the tyrannical father convincing, and confessed that he undertook it only for the large fee (\"it will set me up for a couple of years\") and to keep him before","title":"John Gielgud"},{"id":"2686758","text":"ease of training. Goldendoodles have also become increasingly used as domestic pets due to their affection towards families, as well as their friendliness and patience with children and strangers. Goldendoodle The Goldendoodle (Groodle in Australian English) is a cross-breed dog, which is obtained by breeding a Golden Retriever with a Poodle. The name, which alters \"poodle\" to \"doodle\" by analogy to \"Labradoodle\", was coined in 1992. The Goldendoodle was first bred by Monica Dickens in 1969. Popularity for the goldendoodle grew in the 1990s when breeders in North America and Australia began crossing Golden Retrievers with Standard Poodles. The original","title":"Goldendoodle"},{"id":"4023739","text":"visits sick, injured, and disabled children at a hospital; a German Shepherd alerts her owner of a kitchen fire; a Burmese cat arouses his owner when her heat blanket goes up in smoke; a trained service dog saves her owner from a chemical spill. 5. Keno, Avalanche Dog A search and rescue Labrador retriever rescues an avalanche victim buried under several feet of snow; a woman befriends a gifted horse named Shagra; a rescued bald eagle finds a new home at a rehabilitation center; a cocker spaniel saves her owner from a house fire. 6. Poudre's Catch of the Day","title":"Animal Miracles"},{"id":"19326448","text":"was one of the best known of Forster's biographies in 2016. \"Elizabeth Barrett Browning\" is the first full biography of the poet to be published since Gardner Taplin's life of 1957, and reviews substantial material uncovered during the intervening thirty years, including letters, diaries, papers and juvenilia collected by Philip Kelley and others. Forster draws on the new material to expand on Barrett Browning's life before she met Robert Browning in 1845, at the age of almost forty. She stresses the importance of Barrett Browning's rural childhood at Hope End in Herefordshire, and discusses the nature of her mysterious childhood","title":"Elizabeth Barrett Browning: A Biography"},{"id":"12587989","text":"According to Basker, \"the \"Eclectic\"'s treatment of the novel was balanced, insightful, and sophisticated\". The \"Eclectic\" also reviewed the works of important literary figures such as George Crabbe, Robert Burns, James Hogg, William Hazlitt, Stendhal, and Goethe. It did not shy away from reviewing the works of controversial figures, however, such as Thomas de Quincey. It reviewed the works of both Brownings, calling Elizabeth Barrett Browning \"the Schiller of our higher nature\" and compared Robert Browning to Tennyson. The \"Eclectic\" also claimed to be the first journal to \"discover\" and \"to notice at any length\" Christina Rossetti's \"Goblin Market and","title":"The Eclectic Review"},{"id":"14227684","text":"in the \"Financial Times\" described it as ‘an intellectual thriller, a book of penetrating humanity and a vivid evocation of Paris in the wake of Bonaparte's defeat’. Before 2003 Stott published academic books including books on Tennyson, Elizabeth Barrett Browning (with Simon Avery) and other aspects of Victorian culture. Since 2003 she has published books of creative non-fiction which explore the boundaries between literature, intellectual history and the history of science. \"Darwin and the Barnacle\" (Faber, 2003) tells the story of Darwin's obsession with breaking the riddle of a single aberrant barnacle species he had found in a conch shell","title":"Rebecca Stott"},{"id":"126041","text":"\"Elizabeth Barrett Barrett\" or \"EBB\" (initials which she was able to keep after her wedding). Elizabeth's father chose to raise his family in England while his business enterprises remained in Jamaica. The fortune of Elizabeth's mother's line, the Graham Clarke family, also derived in part from slave labour, and was considerable. Elizabeth Barrett Moulton-Barrett was born on 6 March 1806, in Coxhoe Hall, between the villages of Coxhoe and Kelloe in County Durham, England. Her parents were Edward Barrett Moulton Barrett and Mary Graham Clarke; Elizabeth was the eldest of 12 children (eight boys and four girls). All lived to","title":"Elizabeth Barrett Browning"},{"id":"11925610","text":"1387. \"The Boke of St. Albans\", published in 1486 a \"school\" book about hawking, hunting, fishing, and heraldry, attributed to Juliana Berners (Barnes), lists dogs of the time mainly by function: \" First there is a greyhound, a bastard, a mongrel, a mastiff, a limer, a spaniel, \"raches\" (small-to-medium sized scenthounds), \"kennets\" (small hunting dogs), terriers, \"butcher's hounds\", dung-heap dogs, \"trundel tails\" (lapdogs?) and prick-eared curs, and small ladies puppies that bear away the fleas and diverse small sorts\". Almost 100 years later, another book in English, \"De Canibus Britannicus\" by the author/physician John Caius, translated (Fleming) from Latin in","title":"Dog type"},{"id":"2269375","text":"the home of George Sayer. The recordings were later issued on long-playing gramophone records. In the liner notes for \"J.R.R. Tolkien Reads and Sings his The Hobbit & The Fellowship of the Ring\", George Sayer wrote that Tolkien would relive the book as they walked and compared parts of the Malvern Hills to the White Mountains of Gondor. The poet Elizabeth Barrett Browning spent her childhood at Hope End, a 500-acre (2.0 km) estate near the Malvern Hills in Ledbury, Herefordshire. Her time at Hope End would inspire her in later life to write \"Aurora Leigh\". In \"Early British Trackways\"","title":"Malvern Hills"},{"id":"7197658","text":"times the reader is forced to interpret events from the dog's limited knowledge (Flush sees her owner agitated over markings on a paper and cannot understand that she is in love). For material, Woolf drew primarily on Barrett Browning's two poems on dogs (\"To Flush, My Dog\" and \"Flush or Faunus\") and on the published correspondence of the poet and her husband, Robert Browning. From this material, Woolf creates a biography that works on three levels. It is overtly a biography of a dog's life. Since this dog is of interest primarily for its owner, the work is also an","title":"Flush: A Biography"},{"id":"126073","text":"womanhood\" has distracted us from her poetic achievements. Leighton cites the 1931 play by Rudolf Besier, \"The Barretts of Wimpole Street\", as evidence that 20th-century literary criticism of Barrett Browning's work has suffered more as a result of her popularity than poetic ineptitude. The play was popularized by actress Katharine Cornell, for whom it became a signature role. It was an enormous success, both artistically and commercially, and was revived several times and adapted twice into movies. Throughout the 20th century, literary criticism of Barrett Browning's poetry remained sparse until her poems were discovered by the women's movement. She once","title":"Elizabeth Barrett Browning"},{"id":"10748638","text":"dated 6 November 1794, mentions her recent recovery from a cough, which may have contributed to her death. She was buried on 30 April 1795 in the doctor's vault under the parish church of St Alfege, Greenwich. She was the only Moulton child to die in childhood. Her portrait by Lawrence was placed on display in the Royal Academy exhibition of 1795, which opened the day after her burial. The picture remained in the family's possession until 1910, passing at one point to Sarah's brother, Edward. Sarah's niece was the poet Elizabeth Barrett Browning. \"Pinkie\" was probably first displayed at","title":"Pinkie (painting)"},{"id":"2244766","text":"a worldview \"shaped by her sense of her working-class origins: most of her stories were about women’s lives.\" Author Valerie Grove characterises her novels as being about \"women's lives and the deceit within families\". Forster's non-fiction included 14 biographies, historical works and memoirs. Her best-known biographies are those of the novelist Daphne du Maurier and the poet Elizabeth Barrett Browning. Her 1993 biography of du Maurier was a groundbreaking exploration of the author's sexuality, and her association with Gertrude Lawrence. It was filmed by the BBC as \"Daphne\" in 2007. In her , Forster draws on recently discovered letters and","title":"Margaret Forster"},{"id":"7197659","text":"impressionistic biography of Elizabeth Barrett during the most dramatic years of her life. At this level, \"Flush\" mostly recapitulates the romantic legend of Barrett Browning's life: early confinement by a mysterious illness and a doting but tyrannical father; a passionate romance with an equally talented poet; an elopement that permanently estranges the father, but which allows Barrett Browning to find happiness and health in Italy. On a third level, the book gives Woolf an opportunity to return to some of her most frequent topics: the glory and misery of London; the Victorian mindset; class differences; and the ways in which","title":"Flush: A Biography"},{"id":"3014727","text":"the roan varieties, lemon roan with a light brown pigmentation is the most recessive of all the roans. Plain white Cockers are rarely born, and are thought to be more prone to deafness than those with more pigmentation. As such they are generally not encouraged in the breed. Cockers are compassionate, determined, kind, intelligent, athletic, alert and resilient and make great family pets. The breed does not like being alone, and will bond strongly to an individual person in a family, usually the one who feeds it. Known for optimism, intelligence and adaptability, the breed is extremely loyal and affectionate.","title":"English Cocker Spaniel"},{"id":"715001","text":"wife had read the poem through and could not tell whether Sordello was a man, a city or a book. Browning's reputation began to make a partial recovery with the publication, 1841–1846, of \"Bells and Pomegranates\", a series of eight pamphlets, originally intended just to include his plays. Fortunately for Browning's career, his publisher, Moxon, persuaded him to include some \"dramatic lyrics\", some of which had already appeared in periodicals. In 1845, Browning met the poet Elizabeth Barrett, six years his elder, who lived as a semi-invalid in her father's house in Wimpole Street, London. They began regularly corresponding and","title":"Robert Browning"},{"id":"2544399","text":"Cocker Spaniel was ranked the 23rd most popular breed according to registration statistics of the AKC in 2009, a decrease in popularity since 1999 when it was ranked 13th. For twenty five years the American Cocker Spaniel was the most popular dog in America. It was ranked number one first in 1936 prior to the English Cocker Spaniel being recognized as a separate breed, and held onto the spot until 1952 when Beagles became the most popular dog. It regained the spot in 1983 and held on at number one until 1990. In the UK, the American Cocker Spaniel is","title":"Cocker Spaniel"},{"id":"4155055","text":"as it was an interpretation of a role, and therefore her choice of roles and the way she played them offer great insights into her nature, greater perhaps than can be inferred from her gracious, smiling, always agreeable, and increasingly guarded behavior offstage. One must look at her performances as one looks at the output of a writer or a painter.\" Katharine Cornell is perhaps best known in her role as poet Elizabeth Barrett Browning in Rudolf Besier's play \"The Barretts of Wimpole Street\". The play is based on the life of the poet's family; the Barretts lived on Wimpole","title":"Katharine Cornell"},{"id":"12317467","text":"essays in Bernard Schweizer's \"Approaches to the Anglo and American Female Epic, 1621-1982\" (2006), which features studies of, among others, Lady Mary Wroth’s \"The Countesse of Montgomeries Urania\", Mary Tighe’s \"Psyche\", Elizabeth Barrett Browning’s \"Aurora Leigh\", Sharon Doubiago’s \"Hard Country\", and Rebecca West’s \"Black Lamb and Grey Falcon\". Female epic The female epic is a concept in literary criticism that seeks to expand generic boundaries by identifying ways in which women authors have adapted the masculine epic tradition to express their own heroic visions. Historically, epic literature has been considered an exclusively male domain, to the extent that \"epic and","title":"Female epic"},{"id":"19326449","text":"illness, demonstrating that no diagnosis was made at the time by the doctors attending her. She points out the central role that Barrett Browning's mother, Mary Barrett, played in guiding her daughter's education and earliest literary development. Forster is sympathetic towards Barrett Browning's father, Edward Barrett – who was frequently demonised for \"imprisoning\" his daughter in their London home on Wimpole Street – highlighting their positive relationship during her childhood. She emphasises the similarities in character between father and daughter, and the fact that Barrett Browning actively maintained their intimate relationship before the split over her wish to marry Browning.","title":"Elizabeth Barrett Browning: A Biography"},{"id":"4155038","text":"Their production company gave first or prominent Broadway roles to some of the more notable actors of the 20th century, including many British Shakespearean actors. Cornell is regarded as one of the great actresses of the American theatre. Her most famous role was that of English poet Elizabeth Barrett Browning in the 1931 Broadway production of \"The Barretts of Wimpole Street\". Other appearances on Broadway included in W. Somerset Maugham's \"The Letter\" (1927), Sidney Howard's \"The Alien Corn\" (1933), Juliet in \"Romeo and Juliet\" (1934), Maxwell Anderson's \"The Wingless Victory\" (1936), S. N. Behrman's \"No Time for Comedy\" (1939), a","title":"Katharine Cornell"},{"id":"2430122","text":"poem, indeed, has much of the quality of fine poetry; it is earnest, vivid and alive with spirit. But Horne early drove his talent too hard, and continued to write when he had little left to say. In criticism he had insight and quickness. He was one of the first to appreciate Keats and Tennyson, and he gave valuable encouragement to Mrs. Browning when she was still Miss Elizabeth Barrett. Hornes's epic poem, \"Orion\" was reprinted by the Scholartis Press in 1928. He has been the subject of two biographies: Richard Henry Horne Richard Hengist Horne (born Richard Henry Horne)","title":"Richard Henry Horne"},{"id":"3014728","text":"The English Cocker Spaniel has a cheerful nature. They rank 18th in Stanley Coren's \"The Intelligence of Dogs\", being of excellent working/obedience intelligence. Due to the breed's happy disposition and continuously wagging tail, it has been given the nickname \"merry cocker\". They can also be dominant but loyal to their companion. With a good level of socialisation at an early age, Cocker Spaniels can get along well with people, children, other dogs and other pets. This breed seems to have a perpetually wagging tail and prefers to be around people; it is not best suited to the backyard alone. Cockers","title":"English Cocker Spaniel"},{"id":"2776507","text":"for various reasons, and the resulting puppies (called designer dogs) are described by whimsical \"portmanteau\" words, such as cockapoo or spoodle (Cocker Spaniel), maltipoo (Maltese), goldendoodle (Golden Retriever), labradoodle (Labrador), Schnoodle (Schnauzer), Pekapoos (Pekingese), Cavapoo (Cavalier King Charles), Bernedoodle (Bernese Mountain Dog) and many others. A cross between a shedding breed and a poodle (which does not shed much) does not reliably produce a nonshedding dog. Traits of puppies from crossbreedings are not as predictable as those from purebred poodle breedings, and the crosses may shed or have unexpected or undesirable qualities from the parent breeds. Poodle crossbreds (also called","title":"Poodle"},{"id":"126055","text":"Some critics state that her activity was, in some ways, in decay before she met Browning: \"Until her relationship with Robert Browning began in 1845, Barrett's willingness to engage in public discourse about social issues and about aesthetic issues in poetry, which had been so strong in her youth, gradually diminished, as did her physical health. As an intellectual presence and a physical being, she was becoming a shadow of herself.\" The courtship and marriage between Robert Browning and Elizabeth were carried out secretly, as she knew her father would disapprove. After a private marriage at St Marylebone Parish Church,","title":"Elizabeth Barrett Browning"},{"id":"9174199","text":"the cricket team and recipient of many prizes, including both the Hebrew prize and a prize for reciting a poem by Elizabeth Barrett Browning\". Graham, then still known as Lily, had been trained for a career in teaching. When she left the orphanage, her mother was dying of cancer, and Graham returned home to care for her. Upon her mother's death, the 16-year-old took a job in a department store demonstrating a speciality toothbrush and moved into a tiny flat in London's West End. At 18, she married John Graham Gillam, whom her daughter describes as \"a kindly older man","title":"Sheilah Graham"},{"id":"16786652","text":"beef, served by a gourmet chef. At Christmas, the Queen makes stockings for pets full of toys and delicacies such as biscuits. In 1999, one of Queen Elizabeth's royal footmen was demoted from Buckingham Palace for his \"party trick of pouring booze into the corgis' food and water\" and watching them \"staggering about\" with relish. In 2007, the Queen was noted to have five corgis, Monty, Emma, Linnet, Willow, and Holly; five cocker spaniels, Bisto, Oxo, Flash, Spick, and Span; and four \"dorgis\" (dachshund-corgi crossbreeds), Cider, Berry, Vulcan, and Candy. In 2012, Queen Elizabeth II's corgis Monty, Willow, and Holly","title":"Royal corgis"},{"id":"126046","text":"was unable to diagnose. All three sisters came down with the syndrome although it lasted only with Elizabeth. She had intense head and spinal pain with loss of mobility. Various biographies link this to a riding accident at the time (she fell while trying to dismount a horse), but there is no evidence to support the link. Sent to recover at the Gloucester spa, she was treated – in the absence of symptoms supporting another diagnosis – for a spinal problem. Though this illness continued for the rest of her life, it is believed to be unrelated to the lung","title":"Elizabeth Barrett Browning"},{"id":"17197757","text":"Prescott's \"Pomegranate Flowers\" at the outset, then proceeds to describe an Evergreens life rich in cultural exchange, reading Elizabeth Barrett and Robert Browning, Thomas de Quincey, Julia Ward Howe, Thomas Carlyle, and Shakespeare, and entertaining many distinguished visitors–Ralph Waldo Emerson, Harriet Beecher Stowe, abolitionist Wendell Phillips, landscape designer Frederick Olmsted. Personalities more intimately associated with the Dickinson circle also grace these pages as Susan relates luscious accounts of lunches with \"fresh asparagus\" and \"salad from our own garden\" and dinners of \"very nice lamb and strawberries\" with editor Samuel Bowles, his wife Mary, friend Maria Whitney, Josiah and Elizabeth Holland,","title":"Susan Huntington Gilbert Dickinson"},{"id":"17536726","text":"wrote \"Inspirational\" novels such as \"Rachel Sylvestre\" (1904); these novels were often about Alexander Camplbell's desire live according to New Testament doctrine. Her literary remodels were British author George Eliot [Mary Ann Evans], whom she frequently quotes, and Elizabeth Barrett Browning. Jessie even chooses a pen name \"Auris Leigh\" when writing for the Christian Evangelist inspired by Browning's popular feminist hero, Aurora. Dr. Sandra Parker worked to reprint some of Pound's work because she believes her work belongs in the American literary canon; \"After the Western Reserve\" is a reprint of eleven short stories and the novel \"Rachel Sylvestre\" with","title":"Jessie Brown Pounds"},{"id":"1951351","text":"pony. The UK's indigenous dog breeds include Bulldog, Jack Russell Terrier, Golden Retriever, Yorkshire Terrier, Airedale Terrier, Beagle, Border Collie, Staffordshire Bull Terrier, English Cocker Spaniel, Scottish Terrier, Welsh Corgi, Bullmastiff, Greyhound, English Springer Spaniel and Old English Sheepdog. The Kennel Club, with its headquarters in London, is the oldest kennel club in the world, and acts as a lobby group on issues involving dogs in the UK. Its main objectives are to promote the general improvement of dogs and responsible dog ownership. Held since 1891, Crufts is an annual dog show in the UK. The event takes place over","title":"Culture of the United Kingdom"},{"id":"20876424","text":"seats and residences\", by the Colwall road. It belonged then to E. M. Barratt. This was Edward Moulton-Barrett, father of Elizabeth Barrett Browning who was brought up there; financial problems caused him to sell it the following year. The same guide gives fulsome praise to the Park: \"Nothing can surpass the romantic beauty of Hope-end park. The most lovely graces of nature are here combined.\" According to Elizabeth, the setting for her poem \"The Lost Bower\" was the wood above Hope End House's garden. Land at Hope End, around , is on the Register of Historic Parks and Gardens of","title":"Hope End"},{"id":"19326451","text":"relationships with her female servants, whom she underpaid and in some cases abandoned when they had difficulties. Forster particularly highlights her poor treatment of her maid Elizabeth Wilson when she became pregnant. Forster subsequently examined the relationship between Barrett Browning and Wilson from a fictional perspective in her novel \"Lady's Maid\" (1990). The journalist Ruth Gorb, writing in \"The Guardian\" in 2016, describes the biography as \"brilliant\". Academics Simon Avery and Rebecca Stott consider the biography to interrogate the picture of Barrett Browning that was mainstream at the time of its publication, presenting \"a far more active and intellectual woman","title":"Elizabeth Barrett Browning: A Biography"},{"id":"14752579","text":"in \"The Time of Your Life\" at the Lyric Hammersmith, followed in 1948 by a stage production of \"The Barretts of Wimpole Street\" in which she portrayed Elizabeth Barrett, a performance which earned her further critical appreciation, although the production itself was thought lacklustre. Critic Alan Dent noted that \"the one exception among the general cowed lethargy of the Barretts is Elizabeth herself...she is sincere, touching, awakened.\" Johnston appeared as Alma Winemiller in a 1951 production of Tennessee Williams' \"Summer and Smoke\", initially at the Lyric then transferring to the Duchess Theatre. This performance drew some of the best notices","title":"Margaret Johnston"},{"id":"126060","text":"said that she died \"smilingly, happily, and with a face like a girl's... Her last word was... \"</nowiki>Beautiful\". She was buried in the Protestant English Cemetery of Florence. \"On Monday July 1 the shops in the area around Casa Guidi were closed, while Elizabeth was mourned with unusual demonstrations.\" The nature of her illness is still unclear. Some modern scientists speculate her illness may have been hypokalemic periodic paralysis, a genetic disorder that causes weakness and many of the other symptoms she described. Barrett Browning's first known poem was written at the age of six or eight, \"On the Cruelty","title":"Elizabeth Barrett Browning"},{"id":"714767","text":"The Barretts of Wimpole Street (1934 film) The Barretts of Wimpole Street is a 1934 American film depicting the real-life romance between poets Elizabeth Barrett (Norma Shearer) and Robert Browning (Fredric March), despite the opposition of her father Edward Moulton-Barrett (Charles Laughton). The film was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Picture and Shearer was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress. It was written by Ernest Vajda, Claudine West and Donald Ogden Stewart, from the play by Rudolf Besier. The film was directed by Sidney Franklin. This film was based upon the famous 1930 play, \"The Barretts","title":"The Barretts of Wimpole Street (1934 film)"},{"id":"634553","text":"and his third wife Jane Seymour. The animals are: the lion of England, the Seymour lion, the Royal dragon, the black bull of Clarence, the yale of Beaufort, the white lion of Mortimer, the White Greyhound of Richmond, the Tudor dragon, the Seymour panther and the Seymour unicorn. The set of Queens Beasts at the Coronation of Queen Elizabeth II replaced the three Seymour items and one of the dragons by the griffin of Edward III, the horse of Hanover, the falcon of the Plantagenets and the unicorn of Scotland. Since the reign of King George II, no monarch has","title":"Hampton Court Palace"},{"id":"3281300","text":"owning the following dog breeds: Akita Inu, Alangu Mastiff, Alano Español, American Pit Bull Terrier, American Staffordshire Terrier, Argentine Dogo, Bedlington Terrier, Boston Terrier, Bull and Terrier, Bull Terrier, Bully Kutta, Cane Corso, Dogue de Bordeaux, Dogo Sardesco, English Mastiff, Fila Brasileiro, Gull Dong, Gull Terrier, Irish Staffordshire Bull Terrier, Korean Jindo Dog, Lottatore Brindisino, Neapolitan Mastiff, Perro de Presa Canario, Perro de Presa Mallorquin, Shar Pei, Staffordshire Bull Terrier, Tosa Inu. In \"Toledo v. Tellings\" – Reversed – 871 N.E.2d 1152 (Ohio, 2007), the Ohio Sixth District Court of Appeal struck down a portion of the Toledo, Ohio, municipal","title":"Breed-specific legislation"},{"id":"126070","text":"honour of Barrett Browning. Brightwen Binyon beat 44 other designs. It was based on the timber-framed Market House, which was opposite the site. It was completed in 1896. However, Nikolaus Pevsner was not impressed by its style. In 1938, it became a public library. It has been Grade II-listed since 2007. Barrett Browning was widely popular in the United Kingdom and the United States during her lifetime. Edgar Allan Poe was inspired by her poem \"Lady Geraldine's Courtship\" and specifically borrowed the poem's metre for his poem \"The Raven\". Poe had reviewed Barrett Browning's work in the January 1845 issue","title":"Elizabeth Barrett Browning"},{"id":"10858787","text":"Ultimately, the Baltimore Women’s Liberation, an active local group and publishers of a successful new journal, helped to raise money for the Press’s first publications. On November 17, 1970, the first meeting of the newly formed Press occurred in Florence Howe's living-room. The first book to be published was Barbara Danish’s children's book \"The Dragon and the Doctor\" in 1971. Florence Howe saw her dreams of producing feminist biographies come true with the publication of \"Elizabeth Barrett Browning\" at the end of 1971. In the Press’s founding years, Tillie Olsen changed its course dramatically by giving Howe a photocopy of","title":"Feminist Press"},{"id":"3207466","text":"Warbler, Parrot, Hoopoe, Kinglet, Rose-Breasted Grosbeak, Bohemian Waxwing, Ruby-Throated Hummingbird, Screech Owl, Meadowlark, European Goldfinch. [Announced but never put into production: Evening Grosbeak, Pitta, Weaver Bird.] Complete list of 11 Bachmann Dogs of the World officially released to the public: Collie, German Shepherd, Pointer, Wire-Haired Terrier, Poodle, Basset Hound, Cocker Spaniel, St. Bernard, Boxer, Dalmatian, Mongrel. Complete list of 9 Bachmann Animals of the World officially released to the public: Squirrel Monkey, Giant Panda, Deer, Cow and Calf, Tiger, Lion, Zebra, Morgan Horse, Leopard. In light of dwindling interest in model railroading, the Crowther brothers decided, in 1981, to sell","title":"Bachmann Industries"},{"id":"19326447","text":"Elizabeth Barrett Browning: A Biography Elizabeth Barrett Browning: A Biography by Margaret Forster, first published in 1988, is a biography of the English poet Elizabeth Barrett Browning, which won the Heinemann Award in 1989. Forster draws on newly discovered letters and papers that shed light on the poet's life before she met and eloped with Robert Browning, and rewrites the myth of the invalid poet guarded by an ogre-like father, to give a more-nuanced picture of an active, difficult woman who was complicit in her own virtual imprisonment. It remained the most-detailed published biography of the poet in 2003, and","title":"Elizabeth Barrett Browning: A Biography"},{"id":"12639484","text":"godfathers Alfred's christening became a popular topic among literary people. Father Prout wrote: Edward Fitzgerald wrote to his friend Edward Barton that Tennyson and Count D'Orsay had stood as godparents to one of Dickens's children, and that the unfortunate child had been named 'Alfred D'Orsay Tennyson', which he believed proved that 'Dickens was a snob... For what is Snobbishness and Cockneyism, but all such pretensions and parade? It is one thing to worship heroes and another to lick their spittle.' Robert Browning wrote to Elizabeth Barrett, who shortly after married him in the same church in which Alfred Dickens had","title":"Alfred D'Orsay Tennyson Dickens"},{"id":"12375215","text":"published the highly successful children's book \"The Tale of Peter Rabbit\" in 1902. Potter eventually went on to publish 23 children's books, and became a wealthy woman. The leading poets during the Victorian period were Alfred, Lord Tennyson (1809–1892), Robert Browning (1812–1889), Elizabeth Barrett Browning (1806–61), and Matthew Arnold (1822–1888). The poetry of this period was heavily influenced by the Romantics, but also went off in its own directions. Particularly notable was the development of the dramatic monologue, a form used by many poets in this period, but perfected by Robert Browning. Literary criticism in the 20th century gradually drew","title":"English literature"},{"id":"18000654","text":"\"The Hundred and One Dalmatians\" by Dodie Smith \"Just William\" by Richmal Crompton \"Born to Run\" by Michael Morpurgo \"David Copperfield\" by Charles Dickens \"Shadow, the Sheep-Dog\" by Enid Blyton \"The Knife of Never Letting Go\" by Patrick Ness \"Because of Winn-Dixie\" by Kate DiCamillo \"The Werepuppy\" by Jacqueline Wilson </poem> The \"Pets' Corner\" section of the book is where famous authors (such as Horrid Henry's Francesca Simon and The Magic Faraway Tree's Enid Blyton) talk about their pets. CBBC has done a book club report on it by Katie Thistleton, citing part of it as a \"brilliant read\". People","title":"Paws and Whiskers"},{"id":"1462434","text":"and the first breed standard was written shortly afterwards. The first member of the breed was registered in America to the American Kennel Club in 1898, and it was recognized in 1900. In 1912, two Pomeranians were among only three dogs to survive the sinking of RMS \"Titanic\". A Pomeranian called \"Lady\", owned by Miss Margaret Hays, escaped with her owner in lifeboat number seven, while Elizabeth Barrett Rothschild took her pet to safety with her in lifeboat number six. Glen Rose Flashaway won the Toy Group at the Westminster Kennel Club Dog Show in 1926, the first Pomeranian to","title":"Pomeranian (dog)"},{"id":"18947414","text":"journal, at the end of the nineteenth century published the following: \"Man has been defined, perhaps somewhat crudely, says \"Food and Cookery\", as an animal that prefers a properly cooked meal to raw food, and Noah's wine to Adam's ale.\" Madeleine L'Engle used the term in her 1986 novel, \"Many Waters\", and David Garnett used the phrase in his 1963 novel, \"Two by Two: A Story of Survival\". Elizabeth Barrett Browning's 1856 epic poem, \"Aurora Leigh\" has the following lines: \"For everywhere/ We're too materialistic,—eating clay,/ (Like men of the west) instead of Adam's corn/ And Noah's wine.\" A work","title":"Noah's wine"},{"id":"13672547","text":"Jane Seymour, the falcon of York, the black bull of Clarence, the yale of Beaufort, the white lion of Mortimer, the greyhound of Richmond, the white hart of Richard II, the collared silver antelope of Bohun, the black dragon of Ulster, the white swan of Hereford, the unicorn of Edward III and the golden hind of Kent. The original beasts dated from the sixteenth century, but were removed in 1682 on the advice of Sir Christopher Wren. Wren had condemned the Reigate stone, the calcareous sandstone of which they were constructed. The present statues date from 1925, when the chapel","title":"St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle"},{"id":"4519706","text":"friend: \"P.S. The 'Valdemar Case' was a hoax, of course.\" In the \"Daily Tribune\", its editor, Horace Greeley, noted \"that several good matter-of-fact citizens\" were tricked by the story, but \"whoever thought it a veracious recital must have the bump of Faith large, very large indeed.\" Elizabeth Barrett Browning wrote to Poe about the story to commend him on his talent for \"making horrible improbabilities seem near and familiar\". The Virginia poet Philip Pendleton Cooke also wrote to Poe, calling the story \"the most damnable, vraisemblable, horrible, hair-lifting, shocking, ingenious chapter of fiction that any brain ever conceived or hand","title":"The Facts in the Case of M. Valdemar"},{"id":"1327109","text":"tumour was removed, she suffered a recurrence in September 1894. She died in Bloomsbury on 29 December 1894 and was buried in Highgate Cemetery. The place where she died, in Torrington Square, is marked with a stone tablet. Although Rossetti's popularity in her lifetime did not approach that of Elizabeth Barrett Browning, her standing remained strong after her death. Her popularity faded in the early 20th century, in the wake of Modernism, although scholars began to explore Freudian themes in her work, such as religious and sexual repression, reaching for personal, biographical interpretations of her poetry. In the 1970s academics","title":"Christina Rossetti"},{"id":"14669788","text":"Mameve Medwed Mameve Medwed is an American novelist. Born and raised in Bangor, Maine, she received her B.A. with honors from Simmons College and as of June 2015 lives in Cambridge, Massachusetts. She is the author of \"Mail\", \"Host Family\", \"The End of an Error\", \"How Elizabeth Barrett Browning Saved My Life\" (for which she received a 2007 Massachusetts Book Awards Fiction Honor), and \"Of Men and Their Mothers\". She has taught fiction writing at The Cambridge Center for Adult Education since 1979, mentored in the MFA in Creative Writing program at Lesley University from 1986–88, and was the 1996","title":"Mameve Medwed"},{"id":"2281891","text":"Peel, the gangster Charlie Richardson, Field Marshal Sir Gerald Templer, Jarvis Cocker, Björk, Jayne Mansfield, Diana Dors, Henri Cartier-Bresson, Eve Arnold, Evelyn Waugh, Brassai and Margaret Thatcher. She took Queen Elizabeth II's eightieth birthday portrait. Bown's extensive photojournalism output includes series on Hop Pickers, evictions of Greenham Common Women's Peace Camp, Butlin's holiday resort, the British Seaside, and in 2002, Glastonbury festival. Her social documentary and photojournalism was mostly unseen before the release of her book \"Unknown Bown 1947–1967\" in 2007. In 2007 her work from Greenham Common was selected by Val Williams and Susan Bright as part of \"How","title":"Jane Bown"},{"id":"805227","text":"hand and eye\". At one time Lawrence was more popular in the United States and France than he was in Britain, and some of his best known portraits, including those of Elizabeth Farren, Sarah Barrett Moulton (known to her family as Pinkie), and Charles Lambton (the \"Red Boy\") found their way to the United States during the early 20th century enthusiasm there for English portraits. Sir Michael Levey acknowledges that Lawrence is still dismissed by some art historians; his explanation is that \"He was a highly original artist, quite unexpected on the English scene: self-taught, self-absorbed in perfecting his own","title":"Thomas Lawrence"},{"id":"2002140","text":"Barnes – Thomas Lovell Beddoes – Ralph Waldo Emerson – Elizabeth Barrett Browning – H. W. Longfellow – Edward Fitzgerald – Edgar Allan Poe – Alfred Tennyson – Robert Browning – Aubrey de Vere – Emily Brontë – A. H. Clough – Charles Kingsley – Herman Melville – Walt Whitman – Jean Ingelow – Matthew Arnold – William Cory – Coventry Patmore – William Allingham – Sydney Dobell – George Meredith – D. G. Rossetti – Emily Dickinson – Christina Rossetti – Richard Watson Dixon – William Morris – Warren de Tabley – Algernon Charles Swinburne – Thomas Hardy –","title":"Palgrave's Golden Treasury"},{"id":"126057","text":"a son, Robert Wiedeman Barrett Browning, whom they called Pen. Their son later married, but had no legitimate children. At her husband's insistence, Elizabeth's second edition of \"Poems\" included her love sonnets; as a result, her popularity increased (as well as critical regard), and her artistic position was confirmed. The couple came to know a wide circle of artists and writers including William Makepeace Thackeray, sculptor Harriet Hosmer (who, she wrote, seemed to be the \"perfectly emancipated female\") and Harriet Beecher Stowe. In 1849 she met Margaret Fuller, and the female French novelist George Sand in 1852, whom she had","title":"Elizabeth Barrett Browning"},{"id":"17792434","text":"Timeline of women's education This is a timeline of women's education. 1237 1239 1608 1636 1639 1644 1674 1678 1685 1727 1732 1742 1751 1783 1786 1787 1788 1803 1818 1822 1823 1826 1827 1829 1831 1834 1834 1837 1839 1841 1842 1843 1844 1847 1849 1850 1851 1852 1853 1854 1855 1857 1858 1859 1860 1861 1862 1863 1864 1865 1866 1866 1867 1868 1869 1870: 1871 1872: 1873: 1874: 1875: 1876: 1877: 1878: 1878: 1879: 1880: 1881: 1882: 1883: 1885: 1886: 1887: 1889: 1890: 1891: 1892: 1893: 1894: 1895: 1896: 1898: 1900: 1901: 1902: 1903: 1904: 1905: 1906:","title":"Timeline of women's education"},{"id":"10643546","text":"Australian passerines. More recently, the grouping has been refined somewhat as the monarchs have been classified in a 'Core corvine' group with the crows and ravens, shrikes, birds of paradise, fantails, drongos and mudnest builders. Alternate names for the golden monarch include the black-and-gold monarch, black-and-yellow monarch and black-and-yellow monarch flycatcher. There are nine subspecies recognized: Measuring , the golden monarch displays marked sexual dimorphism. The male is a bright golden colour with sharply delineated black cheeks and throat, primary wing feathers and tail. It has a pale blue and black bill and dark brown iris, and a distinctive teardrop","title":"Golden monarch"},{"id":"126056","text":"they honeymooned in Paris before moving to Italy, in September 1846, which became their home almost continuously until her death. Elizabeth's loyal nurse, Wilson, who witnessed the marriage, accompanied the couple to Italy. Mr Barrett disinherited Elizabeth, as he did each of his children who married. Elizabeth had foreseen her father's anger but had not anticipated her brothers' rejection. As Elizabeth had some money of her own, the couple were reasonably comfortable in Italy. The Brownings were well respected, and even famous. Elizabeth grew stronger and in 1849, at the age of 43, between four miscarriages, she gave birth to","title":"Elizabeth Barrett Browning"},{"id":"4546401","text":"novelists Sir Edward Bulwer-Lytton and Thomas Adolphus Trollope, and the \"Swedenborgian\" James John Garth Wilkinson. As well as Brewster, fellow scientists Michael Faraday and Thomas Huxley were prominent contemporary critics of Home's claims. It was the poet Robert Browning however, who proved to be one of Home's most adamant critics. After attending a séance of Home's, Browning wrote in a letter to \"The Times\" that: 'the whole display of hands, spirit utterances etc., was a cheat and imposture'. Browning gave his unflattering impression of Home in the poem, \"Sludge the Medium\" (1864). His wife, Elizabeth Barrett Browning, was convinced that","title":"Daniel Dunglas Home"},{"id":"2686750","text":"Goldendoodle The Goldendoodle (Groodle in Australian English) is a cross-breed dog, which is obtained by breeding a Golden Retriever with a Poodle. The name, which alters \"poodle\" to \"doodle\" by analogy to \"Labradoodle\", was coined in 1992. The Goldendoodle was first bred by Monica Dickens in 1969. Popularity for the goldendoodle grew in the 1990s when breeders in North America and Australia began crossing Golden Retrievers with Standard Poodles. The original purpose of the cross was to develop guide dogs suitable for visually impaired individuals with allergies. Poodles are considered to be hypoallergenic. Their coats do not shed, which reduces","title":"Goldendoodle"},{"id":"2688114","text":"are working towards developing the Cockapoo by breeding successive generations, and establishing it as a recognized breed. The Cockapoo Club of GB promote \"Open and Ethical Breeding to Protect the Cockapoo of Tomorrow, Today.\" They advocate for a \"Breeding Standard\" over a \"Breed Standard\". https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Db-author Cockapoo A Cockapoo is a mixed-breed dog that is the cross between either Cocker Spaniel breeds (American Cocker Spaniel or English Cocker Spaniel) and a poodle (in most cases a miniature poodle or toy poodle). A Cockapoo can be the result of mating either the American Cocker Spaniel or English Cocker Spaniel with a Poodle.","title":"Cockapoo"},{"id":"126054","text":"my heart, dear Miss Barrett,\" praising their \"fresh strange music, the affluent language, the exquisite pathos and true new brave thought.\" Kenyon arranged for Browning to meet Elizabeth on 20 May 1845, in her rooms, and so began one of the most famous courtships in literature. Elizabeth had already produced a large amount of work, but Browning had a great influence on her subsequent writing, as did she on his: two of Barrett's most famous pieces were written after she met Browning, \"Sonnets from the Portuguese\" and \"Aurora Leigh.\" Robert's \"Men and Women\" is also a product of that time.","title":"Elizabeth Barrett Browning"},{"id":"2360943","text":"to him the 'Atlanta in Calydon'. In 1864 on May Day Landor said to his landlady \"\"I shall never write again. Put out the lights and draw the curtains\"\". A few months later he died quietly in Florence at the age of 89. He was buried not after all at Widcombe but in the English Cemetery, Florence, near the tomb of his friend, Elizabeth Barrett Browning. A statue of his wife can also be found in the 'English' Cemetery, above the tomb of their son, Arnold Savage Landor. Later, his Villa Gherardesca in Fiesole would become the home of the","title":"Walter Savage Landor"},{"id":"8760431","text":"century, when it was already noteworthy for its long coat. Some confusion exists in tracing its history because, for a certain time, several different breeds had the same name \"Skye Terrier\". The loyal dog, present under the petticoat of Mary, Queen of Scots at her execution, has been ascribed as a Skye Terrier. In 1840, Queen Victoria made the breed fancy, keeping both drop-(floppy) and prick-(upwards) eared dogs. A colour lithograph of Skye Terriers was included in \"The Illustrated Book of the Dog\" by Vero Shaw in 1881. This greatly increased its popularity and the Skye Terrier came to America","title":"Skye Terrier"},{"id":"7823568","text":"other country and are recognised by all major kennel clubs. Notably, a Sussex Spaniel won the best in show in 2009 at the 133rd Westminster Kennel Club. The Sussex Spaniel is a low compact spaniel similar in appearance to a small, dark Clumber Spaniel. It is normally no taller than at the withers and the usual weight range is with a roughly rectangular appearance. The Clumber Spaniel meanwhile is normally between high at the shoulder, and weighing . One of the noticeable features is their golden liver-coloured coat which is unique to the breed. Historically however, there have also been","title":"Sussex Spaniel"},{"id":"2244764","text":"Me?\" (1979) and \"Private Papers\" (1986) are much darker in tone. She tackled subjects such as single mothers and young offenders. \"Have the Men Had Enough?\" (1989) examines care of the elderly and the problem of Alzheimer's disease, inspired by her mother-in-law's deterioration and death from the disease. In 1991, she and her husband Hunter Davies contributed to the BBC2 \"First Sight\" episode, \"When Love Isn't Enough\", which described Marion Davies' story; Forster sharply criticised government policies on care for the elderly. The publisher Carmen Callil considers \"Lady's Maid\" (1990), a historical novel about Elizabeth Barrett Browning seen through the","title":"Margaret Forster"},{"id":"1945371","text":"to freeze upon finding a bird before flushing it out on command. However, they proved to be the worst breed tested when it came to manipulating objects with their paws, for instance uncovering a dish of food or pulling on a string. With a good level of socialisation at an early age, an American Cocker can get along with people, children, other dogs and other pets. This breed seems to have a perpetually wagging tail and prefers to be around people; it is not best suited to the backyard alone. Cockers can be easily stressed by loud noises and by","title":"American Cocker Spaniel"},{"id":"19948971","text":"not read, you were considered a freak!' A die-hard aficionado of cinema and theatre, her hobbies are limited to reading - and her family. Married to a mariner Prakash Kane, she lives in Pune with two daughters Kimaya and Amiya and her other family of two dogs - Chic, the cocker spaniel and Cotton, the white, curious cat. Kavita Kané Kavita Kané (born 5 August 1966) is an Indian writer. She is known for writing Mythology-fiction. All of her books are based on Indian mythology. Her bestselling novel is \"Karna's wife: the Outcast Queen\". and is an author of the","title":"Kavita Kané"},{"id":"14973993","text":"Show, and 1st in the terrier Group at the Eukanuba Championship dog show in 2005. In judging for Best in Show at Westminster, Rufus was joined by a Golden Retriever (Ch. Chuckanut Party Favour O' Nove), a Dalmatian (Ch. Merry Go Round Mach Ten), a Rottweiler (Ch. Carter's Noble Shaka Zulu), a Scottish Deerhound, a Pug (Ch. Kendoric's Riversong Mulroney) and an Old English Sheepdog. Of all the breeds being judged, only the Pug and the Sheepdog had previously won Best in Show. Judging was conducted by James Reynolds, with the crowd favouring the Golden Retriever. The Dalmatian was owned","title":"Rocky Top's Sundance Kid"},{"id":"7797668","text":"Dempsey (dog) Dempsey (ca. 1986 - 2003) was a female American Pit Bull Terrier who was the subject of a high-profile challenge to the British Dangerous Dogs Act 1991. She was owned by Dianne Fanneran and lived in London. While being walked one evening in April 1992, muzzled and kept on a leash in accordance with the law, she began acting sick and her muzzle was removed, allegedly to allow her to vomit. Two passing police officers noted the unmuzzled dog and charged the caretaker under the Dangerous Dogs Act. Three months later, at Ealing Magistrates' Court, Dempsey was ordered","title":"Dempsey (dog)"},{"id":"1945370","text":"in height. Known as the \"Merry Cocker\", the American Cocker Spaniel breed standard defines the ideal dog of the breed as being \"equable in temperament with no suggestion of timidity.\" The breed ranks 20th in Stanley Coren's \"The Intelligence of Dogs\", a rating that indicates good \"Working or Obedience Intelligence\", or trainability. IQ tests run on a variety of breeds in the 1950s and 1960s showed that the American Cocker performed the best when tested on its ability to show restraint and delayed response to a trigger, a trait which was put down to the breed's bred-in ability when hunting","title":"American Cocker Spaniel"},{"id":"7197662","text":"thief and taken to the nearby rookery St Giles. This episode, a conflation of three real times on which Flush was stolen, ends when the poet, over her family's objections, pays the robbers six guineas (£6.30) to have the dog returned. It provides Woolf the opportunity for an extended meditation on the poverty of mid-century London, and on the blinkered indifference of many of the city's wealthy residents. After his rescue, Flush is reconciled to his owner's future husband, and he accompanies them to Pisa and Florence. In these chapters, his own experiences are described equally with Barrett Browning's, as","title":"Flush: A Biography"},{"id":"4155060","text":"have to lie still in its basket on stage for a great length of time, and then exit when called for. McClintic selected an eight-month-old cocker spaniel, which played the role for the full run and many others afterward, to unanimous applause. McClintic directed the three-hour play with a meticulous attention to period detail. Cornell was listed as the producer, although it was produced by C. & M.C. Productions, Inc., a company wholly owned by both McClintic and Cornell. The play opened first in Cleveland, then played in Buffalo before reaching New York in January 1931. Brooks Atkinson wrote of","title":"Katharine Cornell"},{"id":"7282584","text":"many other predatory mammals, the dog has powerful muscles, fused wrist bones, a cardiovascular system that supports both sprinting and endurance, and teeth for catching and tearing. Dogs are highly variable in height and weight. The smallest known adult dog was a Yorkshire Terrier, that stood only at the shoulder, in length along the head-and-body, and weighed only . The largest known dog was an English Mastiff which weighed and was from the snout to the tail. The tallest dog is a Great Dane that stands at the shoulder. The dog's senses include vision, hearing, sense of smell, sense of","title":"Dog"},{"id":"3437296","text":"attempt to create a breed, narrowing the gene pool. The best way to continue taking advantage of crossbreed vigor is from the breeding of dogs with genetic diversity. With the long-time popularity of the label cockapoo, used since at least 1960 and constructed by combining elements of its two contributing breeds (Cocker Spaniel/Poodle), it has become extremely common to find crossbred dogs given labels likewise invented by portmanteau. The tendency for using such labels in a jocular way dates back at least to Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom's dorgis (Dachshund/Corgi). None of these have become recognised by any","title":"Dog crossbreed"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"id\": \"449489\",\n \"text\": \"mocked. \\\"\\\"The Waves\\\" (1931) presents a group of six friends whose reflections, which are closer to recitatives than to interior monologues proper, create a wave-like atmosphere that is more akin to a prose poem than to a plot-centred novel\\\". \\\"Flush: A Biography\\\" (1933) is a part-fiction, part-biography of the cocker spaniel owned by Victorian poet Elizabeth Barrett Browning. The book is written from the dog's point of view. Woolf was inspired to write this book from the success of the Rudolf Besier play \\\"The Barretts of Wimpole Street\\\". In the play, Flush is on stage for much of the action.\",\n \"title\": \"Virginia Woolf\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7197664\",\n \"text\": \"dead. That was all. The drawing-room table, strangely enough, stood perfectly still.\\\" Woolf ostensibly uses the life of a dog as pointed social criticism, ranging across topics from feminism and environmentalism to class conflict. Flush: A Biography Flush: A Biography, an imaginative biography of Elizabeth Barrett Browning's cocker spaniel, is a cross-genre blend of fiction and nonfiction by Virginia Woolf published in 1933. Written after the completion of her emotionally draining \\\"The Waves\\\", the work returned Woolf to the imaginative consideration of English history that she had begun in \\\"\\\", and to which she would return in \\\"Between the Acts\\\".\",\n \"title\": \"Flush: A Biography\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7197655\",\n \"text\": \"Flush: A Biography Flush: A Biography, an imaginative biography of Elizabeth Barrett Browning's cocker spaniel, is a cross-genre blend of fiction and nonfiction by Virginia Woolf published in 1933. Written after the completion of her emotionally draining \\\"The Waves\\\", the work returned Woolf to the imaginative consideration of English history that she had begun in \\\"\\\", and to which she would return in \\\"Between the Acts\\\". Commonly read as a modernist consideration of city life seen through the eyes of a dog, Flush serves as a harsh criticism of the supposedly unnatural ways of living in the city. The figure\",\n \"title\": \"Flush: A Biography\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"126051\",\n \"text\": \"of Edward's trip to Torquay. She wrote to Mitford, \\\"That was a very near escape from madness, absolute hopeless madness\\\". The family returned to Wimpole Street in 1841. At Wimpole Street Barrett Browning spent most of her time in her upstairs room. Her health began to improve, though she saw few people other than her immediate family. One of those was Kenyon, a wealthy friend of the family and patron of the arts. She received comfort from a spaniel named Flush, a gift from Mary Mitford. (Virginia Woolf later fictionalised the life of the dog, making him the protagonist of\",\n \"title\": \"Elizabeth Barrett Browning\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"714768\",\n \"text\": \"of Wimpole Street\\\", starring Katharine Cornell. Subsequent film in 1957 \\\"The Barretts of Wimpole Street\\\" starred Jennifer Jones and Bill Travers. The bulk of the story takes place in the lavish home of Edward Barrett (Charles Laughton) and his adult children. Upstairs, Elizabeth (Norma Shearer), called \\\"Ba\\\", the oldest girl, consults with her doctor. She is recovering from an undisclosed illness and is extremely weak – standing and walking are painful – but the doctor advises that a full recovery is possible. She has a vivacious and brilliant mind, her poetry is frequently published, she has a cute Cocker spaniel\",\n \"title\": \"The Barretts of Wimpole Street (1934 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3014725\",\n \"text\": \"is similar to merle, but consists of solid patches and white patches speckled or \\\"ticked\\\" with the same colour as the solid patches. The colours themselves in the breed consist of black, liver with brown pigmentation, red with black or brown pigmentation, golden with black or brown pigmentation, sable, silver, ash, black and tan, liver and tan, blue roan, liver roan, orange roan with black or brown pigmentation, lemon roan with black or brown pigmentation, black and white ticked, liver and white ticked, orange and white ticked with black or brown pigmentation, lemon and white ticked with black or brown\",\n \"title\": \"English Cocker Spaniel\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7197661\",\n \"text\": \"Bouverie Pusey for the puppy, Mitford gave Flush to Elizabeth, then convalescent in a back room of the family house on Wimpole Street in London. Flush leads a restrained but happy life with the poet until she meets Robert Browning; the introduction of love into Barrett Browning's life improves her health tremendously, but leaves the forgotten dog heartbroken. Woolf draws on passages from the letters to depict Flush's attempted mutinies: that is, he attempts to bite Browning, who remains unharmed. The drama of the courtship is interrupted by Flush's dognapping. While accompanying Barrett Browning shopping, he is snatched by a\",\n \"title\": \"Flush: A Biography\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4155063\",\n \"text\": \"daily-paper critics, she has glamour.\\\" The play ran for 370 performances. When it was announced that it was closing, the remaining performances sold out and hundreds were turned away. The play's success engendered a revival of Robert Browning's poetry, and cocker spaniels became the popular dog that year. Irving Thalberg wanted Cornell to play her part in an MGM adaptation, offering that if she was not completely satisfied with the result, the film would be destroyed. She refused. The movie that was released had most of the original cast, and Thalberg's wife, actress Norma Shearer, played the part of Elizabeth.\",\n \"title\": \"Katharine Cornell\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11437609\",\n \"text\": \"dear Miss Barrett,' and a little later in that first letter he says 'I do, as I say, love these books with all my heart—and I love you too' (10 January 1845). Several editions of these letters have been published, starting with one by their son in 1898. \\\"Flush\\\" by Virginia Woolf, a version of the courtship from the perspective of Elizabeth's dog, is also an imaginative reconstruction, though more closely based on reading the letters. Both the play and film reflect popular concerns at the time, particularly Freudian analysis. Although Edward Barrett's behaviour in disinheriting the children who married\",\n \"title\": \"The Barretts of Wimpole Street (1957 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4155057\",\n \"text\": \"her feet to watch him disappear down the lane. Elizabeth and Robert later elope, against her father's strict orders, and when he finds that she has married without his permission or knowledge, he orders that her beloved dog, Flush, be killed. But her sister had ensured that this cocker spaniel join the couple in their escape.Text of the play The play has several difficulties. The lead role of Elizabeth has to be played initially as submissive to her father, yet as the center of attention throughout. Although the ending is happy for Elizabeth and Robert, the rest of the family\",\n \"title\": \"Katharine Cornell\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"126065\",\n \"text\": \"with other writers, including Mary Russell Mitford, who would become a close friend and who would support Elizabeth's literary ambitions. In 1838 \\\"The Seraphim and Other Poems\\\" appeared, the first volume of Elizabeth's mature poetry to appear under her own name. \\\"Sonnets from the Portuguese\\\" was published in 1850. There is debate about the origin of the title. Some say it refers to the series of sonnets of the 16th-century Portuguese poet Luís de Camões. However, \\\"my little Portuguese\\\" was a pet name that Browning had adopted for Elizabeth and this may have some connection. The verse-novel \\\"Aurora Leigh,\\\" her\",\n \"title\": \"Elizabeth Barrett Browning\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2544397\",\n \"text\": \"to flush birds into the air to be shot, and to use their eyes and nose to locate the bird once downed, and then to retrieve the bird with a soft mouth. The major differences between the English and American varieties is that the American is smaller with a shorter back, a domed head and a shorter muzzle, while the English variety is taller with a narrower head and chest. Cocker spaniel coats come in a variety of colors including black, liver, red and golden in solids. There are also black and tan, and sometimes liver and tan, as well\",\n \"title\": \"Cocker Spaniel\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20065966\",\n \"text\": \"and wrote part of \\\"Orestes at Delpho\\\" under his roof. Kenyon was one of Southey's travelling companions on his French tour in 1838. Meeting Browning at a dinner-party, Kenyon discovered that Robert Browning senior, his father, had been at school with him in Bristol; this was the beginning of a lifelong friendship. Kenyon first introduced Browning, at the house of her parents, to Elizabeth Barrett, a relative if not a close one, who became Browning's wife. To Kenyon Browning dedicated his \\\"Dramatic Romances and Lyrics\\\". Failing to obtain for Kenyon a copy of the picture \\\"Andrea del Sarto and his\",\n \"title\": \"John Kenyon (patron)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4155059\",\n \"text\": \"play the part of Robert Browning. Afterwards, McClintic immediately went to a London jewelry store and bought a necklace, two bracelets and a garnet ring, all at least 100 years old. For every single performance that Cornell gave as Elizabeth Barrett, she wore this jewelry in the last act, when she leaves the family home for the last time. Katharine Hepburn was selected for the part of Henrietta, but since she was going to play in a summer stock company a few months later, she could not be signed to a contract. Casting the dog was troublesome, since it would\",\n \"title\": \"Katharine Cornell\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"825039\",\n \"text\": \"dogs, along with most service and hearing dogs, are exempt from regulations against the presence of animals in places such as restaurants and public transportation. References to service animals date at least as far back as the mid-16th century; the second line of the popular verse alphabet \\\"A was an Archer\\\" is most commonly \\\"B was a Blind-man/Led by a dog\\\". In the 19th-century verse novel \\\"Aurora Leigh\\\" by Elizabeth Barrett Browning, the title character remarks, \\\"The blind man walks wherever the dog pulls / And so I answered.\\\" The first service animal training schools were established in Germany during\",\n \"title\": \"Guide dog\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7197660\",\n \"text\": \"women oppressed by \\\"fathers and tyrants\\\" may find freedom. This unusual biography traces the life of Flush from his carefree existence in the country, to his adoption by Ms. Browning and his travails in London, leading up to his final days in a bucolic Italy. The story begins by alluding to Flush's pedigree and birth in the household of Barrett Browning's impecunious friend Mary Russell Mitford. Woolf emphasises the dog's conformity to the guidelines of The Kennel Club, using those guidelines as a symbol of class difference that recurs throughout the work. Declining an offer from the brother of Edward\",\n \"title\": \"Flush: A Biography\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"126042\",\n \"text\": \"adulthood except for one girl, who died at the age of three, when Elizabeth was eight. The children all had nicknames: Elizabeth was \\\"Ba\\\". She rode her pony, went for family walks and picnics, socialised with other county families, and participated in home theatrical productions. But unlike her siblings, she immersed herself in books as often as she could get away from the social rituals of her family. She was baptized in 1809 at Kelloe parish church, although she had already been baptised by a family friend in her first week of life. In 1809, the family moved to Hope\",\n \"title\": \"Elizabeth Barrett Browning\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13792959\",\n \"text\": \"floor of girlfriend Jane Asher's family home in a room overlooking Browning Mews in the back, and with John Lennon writing \\\"I Want to Hold Your Hand\\\" on a piano in the basement. At her father's house at number 50 lived for some time between 1840 and 1845, Elizabeth Barrett, then known as the author of a volume of poems, and who afterwards escaped and was better known as Elizabeth Barrett Browning. Today, at the bottom end of Wimpole at Wigmore can be found a sandwich shop named \\\"Barrett's\\\". Bentinck Street leaves Welbeck Street and touches the middle of winding\",\n \"title\": \"Marylebone\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"126036\",\n \"text\": \"Elizabeth Barrett Browning Elizabeth Barrett Browning (née Moulton-Barrett, ; 6 March 1806 – 29 June 1861) was an English poet of the Victorian era, popular in Britain and the United States during her lifetime. Born in County Durham, the eldest of 12 children, Elizabeth Barrett wrote poetry from about the age of six. Her mother's collection of her poems forms one of the largest extant collections of juvenilia by any English writer. At 15 she became ill, suffering intense head and spinal pain for the rest of her life. Later in life she also developed lung problems, possibly tuberculosis. She\",\n \"title\": \"Elizabeth Barrett Browning\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"126075\",\n \"text\": \"over a century. Elizabeth Barrett Browning Elizabeth Barrett Browning (née Moulton-Barrett, ; 6 March 1806 – 29 June 1861) was an English poet of the Victorian era, popular in Britain and the United States during her lifetime. Born in County Durham, the eldest of 12 children, Elizabeth Barrett wrote poetry from about the age of six. Her mother's collection of her poems forms one of the largest extant collections of juvenilia by any English writer. At 15 she became ill, suffering intense head and spinal pain for the rest of her life. Later in life she also developed lung problems,\",\n \"title\": \"Elizabeth Barrett Browning\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10763913\",\n \"text\": \"with the displayed toys. The most famous resident was the poet Elizabeth Barrett, who lived at 50 Wimpole Street with her family from 1838 until 1846 when she eloped with Robert Browning. The street became famous from the play based on their courtship, \\\"The Barretts of Wimpole Street\\\". The play starred Katharine Cornell, and when she retired, she moved to E. 51st St. in New York. As she was now neighbour to two other actors who also starred in the play, the street was nicknamed \\\"Wimpole Street\\\". Virginia Woolf memorably describes Wimpole Street in \\\"\\\", beginning: \\\"It is the most\",\n \"title\": \"Wimpole Street\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16786645\",\n \"text\": \"Royal corgis Queen Elizabeth's corgis were the Pembroke Welsh Corgi dogs owned by Queen Elizabeth II and her parents, King George VI and Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother. Fond of corgis since she was a small child, Elizabeth II has owned more than 30 corgis since she became Queen of the United Kingdom and the other Commonwealth realms in 1952. In 2007, Elizabeth II had five corgis: Monty, Emma, Linnet, Willow and Holly; five cocker spaniels: Bisto, Oxo, Flash, Spick and Span; and four dorgis (dachshund-corgi crossbreeds): Cider, Berry, Vulcan and Candy. Monty, Willow and Holly appeared in the 2012\",\n \"title\": \"Royal corgis\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17792435\",\n \"text\": \"1907: 1908: 1909: 1910: 1911: 1912: 1913: 1914: 1915: 1917: 1918: 1920: 1921: 1922: 1923: 1925: 1926: 1927: 1928: 1929: 1930: 1931: 1932: 1933: 1934: 1935: 1936: 1937: 1938: 1940: 1941: 1942: 1943: 1945: 1946: 1947: 1949: 1950: 1951: 1955: 1957: 1959: 1962: 1963: 1964: 1965: 1966: 1969: 1970: 1971: 1972: 1975: 1976: 1977: 1978: 1979: 1980: 1982: 1983: 1984: 1987: 1988: 1994: 1996: 2001: 2005–2006: 2006: 2011: 2013: 2016: Timeline of women's education This is a timeline of women's education. 1237 1239 1608 1636 1639 1644 1674 1678 1685 1727 1732 1742 1751 1783 1786 1787 1788 1803 1818\",\n \"title\": \"Timeline of women's education\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"496249\",\n \"text\": \"are commonly hunted using retrieving dogs such as the Labrador Retriever, the Golden Retriever, the Chesapeake Bay Retriever, the Brittany Spaniel, and other similar breeds. Game birds are flushed out using flushing spaniels such as the English Springer Spaniel, the various Cocker Spaniels and similar breeds. The hunting of wild mammals in England and Wales with dogs was banned under the Hunting Act 2004. The wild mammals include fox, hare, deer and mink. Hunting with dogs is permissible, however, where it has been carried out in accordance with one of the exceptions in the Act. Many prehistoric deities are depicted\",\n \"title\": \"Hunting\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19192579\",\n \"text\": \"writing of \\\"The Poems of Geoffrey Chaucer Modernized\\\"; others involved with the project included Richard Henry Horne (editor), Elizabeth Barrett Browning, William Wordsworth, Leigh Hunt, Robert Bell and Leonhard Schmitz. However, Powell later fell out of favour with his fellow authors. Horne wrote of Powell that he was “a dog he repudiates forever” and Robert Browning, in a letter of the same year (1846), warned Elizabeth Barrett Browning not to trust Powell “as his impudence and brazen insensibility are dreadful to encounter beyond all belief”. Powell was employed as a clerk in the shipping business of John Chapman & Co.\",\n \"title\": \"Thomas Powell (1809–1887)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1447755\",\n \"text\": \"in 1956, which was dismissed by the critics as old-fashioned, though it ran for more than a year. He made two film appearances, playing a cameo comedy scene with Coward as a prospective manservant in Michael Anderson's \\\"Around the World in 80 Days\\\" (1956), and as the father of Elizabeth Barrett Browning in Sidney Franklin's 1957 remake of \\\"The Barretts of Wimpole Street\\\". He did not consider his performance as the tyrannical father convincing, and confessed that he undertook it only for the large fee (\\\"it will set me up for a couple of years\\\") and to keep him before\",\n \"title\": \"John Gielgud\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2686758\",\n \"text\": \"ease of training. Goldendoodles have also become increasingly used as domestic pets due to their affection towards families, as well as their friendliness and patience with children and strangers. Goldendoodle The Goldendoodle (Groodle in Australian English) is a cross-breed dog, which is obtained by breeding a Golden Retriever with a Poodle. The name, which alters \\\"poodle\\\" to \\\"doodle\\\" by analogy to \\\"Labradoodle\\\", was coined in 1992. The Goldendoodle was first bred by Monica Dickens in 1969. Popularity for the goldendoodle grew in the 1990s when breeders in North America and Australia began crossing Golden Retrievers with Standard Poodles. The original\",\n \"title\": \"Goldendoodle\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4023739\",\n \"text\": \"visits sick, injured, and disabled children at a hospital; a German Shepherd alerts her owner of a kitchen fire; a Burmese cat arouses his owner when her heat blanket goes up in smoke; a trained service dog saves her owner from a chemical spill. 5. Keno, Avalanche Dog A search and rescue Labrador retriever rescues an avalanche victim buried under several feet of snow; a woman befriends a gifted horse named Shagra; a rescued bald eagle finds a new home at a rehabilitation center; a cocker spaniel saves her owner from a house fire. 6. Poudre's Catch of the Day\",\n \"title\": \"Animal Miracles\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19326448\",\n \"text\": \"was one of the best known of Forster's biographies in 2016. \\\"Elizabeth Barrett Browning\\\" is the first full biography of the poet to be published since Gardner Taplin's life of 1957, and reviews substantial material uncovered during the intervening thirty years, including letters, diaries, papers and juvenilia collected by Philip Kelley and others. Forster draws on the new material to expand on Barrett Browning's life before she met Robert Browning in 1845, at the age of almost forty. She stresses the importance of Barrett Browning's rural childhood at Hope End in Herefordshire, and discusses the nature of her mysterious childhood\",\n \"title\": \"Elizabeth Barrett Browning: A Biography\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12587989\",\n \"text\": \"According to Basker, \\\"the \\\"Eclectic\\\"'s treatment of the novel was balanced, insightful, and sophisticated\\\". The \\\"Eclectic\\\" also reviewed the works of important literary figures such as George Crabbe, Robert Burns, James Hogg, William Hazlitt, Stendhal, and Goethe. It did not shy away from reviewing the works of controversial figures, however, such as Thomas de Quincey. It reviewed the works of both Brownings, calling Elizabeth Barrett Browning \\\"the Schiller of our higher nature\\\" and compared Robert Browning to Tennyson. The \\\"Eclectic\\\" also claimed to be the first journal to \\\"discover\\\" and \\\"to notice at any length\\\" Christina Rossetti's \\\"Goblin Market and\",\n \"title\": \"The Eclectic Review\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14227684\",\n \"text\": \"in the \\\"Financial Times\\\" described it as ‘an intellectual thriller, a book of penetrating humanity and a vivid evocation of Paris in the wake of Bonaparte's defeat’. Before 2003 Stott published academic books including books on Tennyson, Elizabeth Barrett Browning (with Simon Avery) and other aspects of Victorian culture. Since 2003 she has published books of creative non-fiction which explore the boundaries between literature, intellectual history and the history of science. \\\"Darwin and the Barnacle\\\" (Faber, 2003) tells the story of Darwin's obsession with breaking the riddle of a single aberrant barnacle species he had found in a conch shell\",\n \"title\": \"Rebecca Stott\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"126041\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Elizabeth Barrett Barrett\\\" or \\\"EBB\\\" (initials which she was able to keep after her wedding). Elizabeth's father chose to raise his family in England while his business enterprises remained in Jamaica. The fortune of Elizabeth's mother's line, the Graham Clarke family, also derived in part from slave labour, and was considerable. Elizabeth Barrett Moulton-Barrett was born on 6 March 1806, in Coxhoe Hall, between the villages of Coxhoe and Kelloe in County Durham, England. Her parents were Edward Barrett Moulton Barrett and Mary Graham Clarke; Elizabeth was the eldest of 12 children (eight boys and four girls). All lived to\",\n \"title\": \"Elizabeth Barrett Browning\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11925610\",\n \"text\": \"1387. \\\"The Boke of St. Albans\\\", published in 1486 a \\\"school\\\" book about hawking, hunting, fishing, and heraldry, attributed to Juliana Berners (Barnes), lists dogs of the time mainly by function: \\\" First there is a greyhound, a bastard, a mongrel, a mastiff, a limer, a spaniel, \\\"raches\\\" (small-to-medium sized scenthounds), \\\"kennets\\\" (small hunting dogs), terriers, \\\"butcher's hounds\\\", dung-heap dogs, \\\"trundel tails\\\" (lapdogs?) and prick-eared curs, and small ladies puppies that bear away the fleas and diverse small sorts\\\". Almost 100 years later, another book in English, \\\"De Canibus Britannicus\\\" by the author/physician John Caius, translated (Fleming) from Latin in\",\n \"title\": \"Dog type\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2269375\",\n \"text\": \"the home of George Sayer. The recordings were later issued on long-playing gramophone records. In the liner notes for \\\"J.R.R. Tolkien Reads and Sings his The Hobbit & The Fellowship of the Ring\\\", George Sayer wrote that Tolkien would relive the book as they walked and compared parts of the Malvern Hills to the White Mountains of Gondor. The poet Elizabeth Barrett Browning spent her childhood at Hope End, a 500-acre (2.0 km) estate near the Malvern Hills in Ledbury, Herefordshire. Her time at Hope End would inspire her in later life to write \\\"Aurora Leigh\\\". In \\\"Early British Trackways\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"Malvern Hills\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7197658\",\n \"text\": \"times the reader is forced to interpret events from the dog's limited knowledge (Flush sees her owner agitated over markings on a paper and cannot understand that she is in love). For material, Woolf drew primarily on Barrett Browning's two poems on dogs (\\\"To Flush, My Dog\\\" and \\\"Flush or Faunus\\\") and on the published correspondence of the poet and her husband, Robert Browning. From this material, Woolf creates a biography that works on three levels. It is overtly a biography of a dog's life. Since this dog is of interest primarily for its owner, the work is also an\",\n \"title\": \"Flush: A Biography\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"126073\",\n \"text\": \"womanhood\\\" has distracted us from her poetic achievements. Leighton cites the 1931 play by Rudolf Besier, \\\"The Barretts of Wimpole Street\\\", as evidence that 20th-century literary criticism of Barrett Browning's work has suffered more as a result of her popularity than poetic ineptitude. The play was popularized by actress Katharine Cornell, for whom it became a signature role. It was an enormous success, both artistically and commercially, and was revived several times and adapted twice into movies. Throughout the 20th century, literary criticism of Barrett Browning's poetry remained sparse until her poems were discovered by the women's movement. She once\",\n \"title\": \"Elizabeth Barrett Browning\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10748638\",\n \"text\": \"dated 6 November 1794, mentions her recent recovery from a cough, which may have contributed to her death. She was buried on 30 April 1795 in the doctor's vault under the parish church of St Alfege, Greenwich. She was the only Moulton child to die in childhood. Her portrait by Lawrence was placed on display in the Royal Academy exhibition of 1795, which opened the day after her burial. The picture remained in the family's possession until 1910, passing at one point to Sarah's brother, Edward. Sarah's niece was the poet Elizabeth Barrett Browning. \\\"Pinkie\\\" was probably first displayed at\",\n \"title\": \"Pinkie (painting)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2244766\",\n \"text\": \"a worldview \\\"shaped by her sense of her working-class origins: most of her stories were about women’s lives.\\\" Author Valerie Grove characterises her novels as being about \\\"women's lives and the deceit within families\\\". Forster's non-fiction included 14 biographies, historical works and memoirs. Her best-known biographies are those of the novelist Daphne du Maurier and the poet Elizabeth Barrett Browning. Her 1993 biography of du Maurier was a groundbreaking exploration of the author's sexuality, and her association with Gertrude Lawrence. It was filmed by the BBC as \\\"Daphne\\\" in 2007. In her , Forster draws on recently discovered letters and\",\n \"title\": \"Margaret Forster\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7197659\",\n \"text\": \"impressionistic biography of Elizabeth Barrett during the most dramatic years of her life. At this level, \\\"Flush\\\" mostly recapitulates the romantic legend of Barrett Browning's life: early confinement by a mysterious illness and a doting but tyrannical father; a passionate romance with an equally talented poet; an elopement that permanently estranges the father, but which allows Barrett Browning to find happiness and health in Italy. On a third level, the book gives Woolf an opportunity to return to some of her most frequent topics: the glory and misery of London; the Victorian mindset; class differences; and the ways in which\",\n \"title\": \"Flush: A Biography\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3014727\",\n \"text\": \"the roan varieties, lemon roan with a light brown pigmentation is the most recessive of all the roans. Plain white Cockers are rarely born, and are thought to be more prone to deafness than those with more pigmentation. As such they are generally not encouraged in the breed. Cockers are compassionate, determined, kind, intelligent, athletic, alert and resilient and make great family pets. The breed does not like being alone, and will bond strongly to an individual person in a family, usually the one who feeds it. Known for optimism, intelligence and adaptability, the breed is extremely loyal and affectionate.\",\n \"title\": \"English Cocker Spaniel\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"715001\",\n \"text\": \"wife had read the poem through and could not tell whether Sordello was a man, a city or a book. Browning's reputation began to make a partial recovery with the publication, 1841–1846, of \\\"Bells and Pomegranates\\\", a series of eight pamphlets, originally intended just to include his plays. Fortunately for Browning's career, his publisher, Moxon, persuaded him to include some \\\"dramatic lyrics\\\", some of which had already appeared in periodicals. In 1845, Browning met the poet Elizabeth Barrett, six years his elder, who lived as a semi-invalid in her father's house in Wimpole Street, London. They began regularly corresponding and\",\n \"title\": \"Robert Browning\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2544399\",\n \"text\": \"Cocker Spaniel was ranked the 23rd most popular breed according to registration statistics of the AKC in 2009, a decrease in popularity since 1999 when it was ranked 13th. For twenty five years the American Cocker Spaniel was the most popular dog in America. It was ranked number one first in 1936 prior to the English Cocker Spaniel being recognized as a separate breed, and held onto the spot until 1952 when Beagles became the most popular dog. It regained the spot in 1983 and held on at number one until 1990. In the UK, the American Cocker Spaniel is\",\n \"title\": \"Cocker Spaniel\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4155055\",\n \"text\": \"as it was an interpretation of a role, and therefore her choice of roles and the way she played them offer great insights into her nature, greater perhaps than can be inferred from her gracious, smiling, always agreeable, and increasingly guarded behavior offstage. One must look at her performances as one looks at the output of a writer or a painter.\\\" Katharine Cornell is perhaps best known in her role as poet Elizabeth Barrett Browning in Rudolf Besier's play \\\"The Barretts of Wimpole Street\\\". The play is based on the life of the poet's family; the Barretts lived on Wimpole\",\n \"title\": \"Katharine Cornell\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12317467\",\n \"text\": \"essays in Bernard Schweizer's \\\"Approaches to the Anglo and American Female Epic, 1621-1982\\\" (2006), which features studies of, among others, Lady Mary Wroth’s \\\"The Countesse of Montgomeries Urania\\\", Mary Tighe’s \\\"Psyche\\\", Elizabeth Barrett Browning’s \\\"Aurora Leigh\\\", Sharon Doubiago’s \\\"Hard Country\\\", and Rebecca West’s \\\"Black Lamb and Grey Falcon\\\". Female epic The female epic is a concept in literary criticism that seeks to expand generic boundaries by identifying ways in which women authors have adapted the masculine epic tradition to express their own heroic visions. Historically, epic literature has been considered an exclusively male domain, to the extent that \\\"epic and\",\n \"title\": \"Female epic\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19326449\",\n \"text\": \"illness, demonstrating that no diagnosis was made at the time by the doctors attending her. She points out the central role that Barrett Browning's mother, Mary Barrett, played in guiding her daughter's education and earliest literary development. Forster is sympathetic towards Barrett Browning's father, Edward Barrett – who was frequently demonised for \\\"imprisoning\\\" his daughter in their London home on Wimpole Street – highlighting their positive relationship during her childhood. She emphasises the similarities in character between father and daughter, and the fact that Barrett Browning actively maintained their intimate relationship before the split over her wish to marry Browning.\",\n \"title\": \"Elizabeth Barrett Browning: A Biography\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4155038\",\n \"text\": \"Their production company gave first or prominent Broadway roles to some of the more notable actors of the 20th century, including many British Shakespearean actors. Cornell is regarded as one of the great actresses of the American theatre. Her most famous role was that of English poet Elizabeth Barrett Browning in the 1931 Broadway production of \\\"The Barretts of Wimpole Street\\\". Other appearances on Broadway included in W. Somerset Maugham's \\\"The Letter\\\" (1927), Sidney Howard's \\\"The Alien Corn\\\" (1933), Juliet in \\\"Romeo and Juliet\\\" (1934), Maxwell Anderson's \\\"The Wingless Victory\\\" (1936), S. N. Behrman's \\\"No Time for Comedy\\\" (1939), a\",\n \"title\": \"Katharine Cornell\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2430122\",\n \"text\": \"poem, indeed, has much of the quality of fine poetry; it is earnest, vivid and alive with spirit. But Horne early drove his talent too hard, and continued to write when he had little left to say. In criticism he had insight and quickness. He was one of the first to appreciate Keats and Tennyson, and he gave valuable encouragement to Mrs. Browning when she was still Miss Elizabeth Barrett. Hornes's epic poem, \\\"Orion\\\" was reprinted by the Scholartis Press in 1928. He has been the subject of two biographies: Richard Henry Horne Richard Hengist Horne (born Richard Henry Horne)\",\n \"title\": \"Richard Henry Horne\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3014728\",\n \"text\": \"The English Cocker Spaniel has a cheerful nature. They rank 18th in Stanley Coren's \\\"The Intelligence of Dogs\\\", being of excellent working/obedience intelligence. Due to the breed's happy disposition and continuously wagging tail, it has been given the nickname \\\"merry cocker\\\". They can also be dominant but loyal to their companion. With a good level of socialisation at an early age, Cocker Spaniels can get along well with people, children, other dogs and other pets. This breed seems to have a perpetually wagging tail and prefers to be around people; it is not best suited to the backyard alone. Cockers\",\n \"title\": \"English Cocker Spaniel\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2776507\",\n \"text\": \"for various reasons, and the resulting puppies (called designer dogs) are described by whimsical \\\"portmanteau\\\" words, such as cockapoo or spoodle (Cocker Spaniel), maltipoo (Maltese), goldendoodle (Golden Retriever), labradoodle (Labrador), Schnoodle (Schnauzer), Pekapoos (Pekingese), Cavapoo (Cavalier King Charles), Bernedoodle (Bernese Mountain Dog) and many others. A cross between a shedding breed and a poodle (which does not shed much) does not reliably produce a nonshedding dog. Traits of puppies from crossbreedings are not as predictable as those from purebred poodle breedings, and the crosses may shed or have unexpected or undesirable qualities from the parent breeds. Poodle crossbreds (also called\",\n \"title\": \"Poodle\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"126055\",\n \"text\": \"Some critics state that her activity was, in some ways, in decay before she met Browning: \\\"Until her relationship with Robert Browning began in 1845, Barrett's willingness to engage in public discourse about social issues and about aesthetic issues in poetry, which had been so strong in her youth, gradually diminished, as did her physical health. As an intellectual presence and a physical being, she was becoming a shadow of herself.\\\" The courtship and marriage between Robert Browning and Elizabeth were carried out secretly, as she knew her father would disapprove. After a private marriage at St Marylebone Parish Church,\",\n \"title\": \"Elizabeth Barrett Browning\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9174199\",\n \"text\": \"the cricket team and recipient of many prizes, including both the Hebrew prize and a prize for reciting a poem by Elizabeth Barrett Browning\\\". Graham, then still known as Lily, had been trained for a career in teaching. When she left the orphanage, her mother was dying of cancer, and Graham returned home to care for her. Upon her mother's death, the 16-year-old took a job in a department store demonstrating a speciality toothbrush and moved into a tiny flat in London's West End. At 18, she married John Graham Gillam, whom her daughter describes as \\\"a kindly older man\",\n \"title\": \"Sheilah Graham\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16786652\",\n \"text\": \"beef, served by a gourmet chef. At Christmas, the Queen makes stockings for pets full of toys and delicacies such as biscuits. In 1999, one of Queen Elizabeth's royal footmen was demoted from Buckingham Palace for his \\\"party trick of pouring booze into the corgis' food and water\\\" and watching them \\\"staggering about\\\" with relish. In 2007, the Queen was noted to have five corgis, Monty, Emma, Linnet, Willow, and Holly; five cocker spaniels, Bisto, Oxo, Flash, Spick, and Span; and four \\\"dorgis\\\" (dachshund-corgi crossbreeds), Cider, Berry, Vulcan, and Candy. In 2012, Queen Elizabeth II's corgis Monty, Willow, and Holly\",\n \"title\": \"Royal corgis\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"126046\",\n \"text\": \"was unable to diagnose. All three sisters came down with the syndrome although it lasted only with Elizabeth. She had intense head and spinal pain with loss of mobility. Various biographies link this to a riding accident at the time (she fell while trying to dismount a horse), but there is no evidence to support the link. Sent to recover at the Gloucester spa, she was treated – in the absence of symptoms supporting another diagnosis – for a spinal problem. Though this illness continued for the rest of her life, it is believed to be unrelated to the lung\",\n \"title\": \"Elizabeth Barrett Browning\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17197757\",\n \"text\": \"Prescott's \\\"Pomegranate Flowers\\\" at the outset, then proceeds to describe an Evergreens life rich in cultural exchange, reading Elizabeth Barrett and Robert Browning, Thomas de Quincey, Julia Ward Howe, Thomas Carlyle, and Shakespeare, and entertaining many distinguished visitors–Ralph Waldo Emerson, Harriet Beecher Stowe, abolitionist Wendell Phillips, landscape designer Frederick Olmsted. Personalities more intimately associated with the Dickinson circle also grace these pages as Susan relates luscious accounts of lunches with \\\"fresh asparagus\\\" and \\\"salad from our own garden\\\" and dinners of \\\"very nice lamb and strawberries\\\" with editor Samuel Bowles, his wife Mary, friend Maria Whitney, Josiah and Elizabeth Holland,\",\n \"title\": \"Susan Huntington Gilbert Dickinson\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17536726\",\n \"text\": \"wrote \\\"Inspirational\\\" novels such as \\\"Rachel Sylvestre\\\" (1904); these novels were often about Alexander Camplbell's desire live according to New Testament doctrine. Her literary remodels were British author George Eliot [Mary Ann Evans], whom she frequently quotes, and Elizabeth Barrett Browning. Jessie even chooses a pen name \\\"Auris Leigh\\\" when writing for the Christian Evangelist inspired by Browning's popular feminist hero, Aurora. Dr. Sandra Parker worked to reprint some of Pound's work because she believes her work belongs in the American literary canon; \\\"After the Western Reserve\\\" is a reprint of eleven short stories and the novel \\\"Rachel Sylvestre\\\" with\",\n \"title\": \"Jessie Brown Pounds\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1951351\",\n \"text\": \"pony. The UK's indigenous dog breeds include Bulldog, Jack Russell Terrier, Golden Retriever, Yorkshire Terrier, Airedale Terrier, Beagle, Border Collie, Staffordshire Bull Terrier, English Cocker Spaniel, Scottish Terrier, Welsh Corgi, Bullmastiff, Greyhound, English Springer Spaniel and Old English Sheepdog. The Kennel Club, with its headquarters in London, is the oldest kennel club in the world, and acts as a lobby group on issues involving dogs in the UK. Its main objectives are to promote the general improvement of dogs and responsible dog ownership. Held since 1891, Crufts is an annual dog show in the UK. The event takes place over\",\n \"title\": \"Culture of the United Kingdom\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20876424\",\n \"text\": \"seats and residences\\\", by the Colwall road. It belonged then to E. M. Barratt. This was Edward Moulton-Barrett, father of Elizabeth Barrett Browning who was brought up there; financial problems caused him to sell it the following year. The same guide gives fulsome praise to the Park: \\\"Nothing can surpass the romantic beauty of Hope-end park. The most lovely graces of nature are here combined.\\\" According to Elizabeth, the setting for her poem \\\"The Lost Bower\\\" was the wood above Hope End House's garden. Land at Hope End, around , is on the Register of Historic Parks and Gardens of\",\n \"title\": \"Hope End\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19326451\",\n \"text\": \"relationships with her female servants, whom she underpaid and in some cases abandoned when they had difficulties. Forster particularly highlights her poor treatment of her maid Elizabeth Wilson when she became pregnant. Forster subsequently examined the relationship between Barrett Browning and Wilson from a fictional perspective in her novel \\\"Lady's Maid\\\" (1990). The journalist Ruth Gorb, writing in \\\"The Guardian\\\" in 2016, describes the biography as \\\"brilliant\\\". Academics Simon Avery and Rebecca Stott consider the biography to interrogate the picture of Barrett Browning that was mainstream at the time of its publication, presenting \\\"a far more active and intellectual woman\",\n \"title\": \"Elizabeth Barrett Browning: A Biography\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14752579\",\n \"text\": \"in \\\"The Time of Your Life\\\" at the Lyric Hammersmith, followed in 1948 by a stage production of \\\"The Barretts of Wimpole Street\\\" in which she portrayed Elizabeth Barrett, a performance which earned her further critical appreciation, although the production itself was thought lacklustre. Critic Alan Dent noted that \\\"the one exception among the general cowed lethargy of the Barretts is Elizabeth herself...she is sincere, touching, awakened.\\\" Johnston appeared as Alma Winemiller in a 1951 production of Tennessee Williams' \\\"Summer and Smoke\\\", initially at the Lyric then transferring to the Duchess Theatre. This performance drew some of the best notices\",\n \"title\": \"Margaret Johnston\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"126060\",\n \"text\": \"said that she died \\\"smilingly, happily, and with a face like a girl's... Her last word was... \\\"</nowiki>Beautiful\\\". She was buried in the Protestant English Cemetery of Florence. \\\"On Monday July 1 the shops in the area around Casa Guidi were closed, while Elizabeth was mourned with unusual demonstrations.\\\" The nature of her illness is still unclear. Some modern scientists speculate her illness may have been hypokalemic periodic paralysis, a genetic disorder that causes weakness and many of the other symptoms she described. Barrett Browning's first known poem was written at the age of six or eight, \\\"On the Cruelty\",\n \"title\": \"Elizabeth Barrett Browning\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"714767\",\n \"text\": \"The Barretts of Wimpole Street (1934 film) The Barretts of Wimpole Street is a 1934 American film depicting the real-life romance between poets Elizabeth Barrett (Norma Shearer) and Robert Browning (Fredric March), despite the opposition of her father Edward Moulton-Barrett (Charles Laughton). The film was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Picture and Shearer was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress. It was written by Ernest Vajda, Claudine West and Donald Ogden Stewart, from the play by Rudolf Besier. The film was directed by Sidney Franklin. This film was based upon the famous 1930 play, \\\"The Barretts\",\n \"title\": \"The Barretts of Wimpole Street (1934 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"634553\",\n \"text\": \"and his third wife Jane Seymour. The animals are: the lion of England, the Seymour lion, the Royal dragon, the black bull of Clarence, the yale of Beaufort, the white lion of Mortimer, the White Greyhound of Richmond, the Tudor dragon, the Seymour panther and the Seymour unicorn. The set of Queens Beasts at the Coronation of Queen Elizabeth II replaced the three Seymour items and one of the dragons by the griffin of Edward III, the horse of Hanover, the falcon of the Plantagenets and the unicorn of Scotland. Since the reign of King George II, no monarch has\",\n \"title\": \"Hampton Court Palace\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3281300\",\n \"text\": \"owning the following dog breeds: Akita Inu, Alangu Mastiff, Alano Español, American Pit Bull Terrier, American Staffordshire Terrier, Argentine Dogo, Bedlington Terrier, Boston Terrier, Bull and Terrier, Bull Terrier, Bully Kutta, Cane Corso, Dogue de Bordeaux, Dogo Sardesco, English Mastiff, Fila Brasileiro, Gull Dong, Gull Terrier, Irish Staffordshire Bull Terrier, Korean Jindo Dog, Lottatore Brindisino, Neapolitan Mastiff, Perro de Presa Canario, Perro de Presa Mallorquin, Shar Pei, Staffordshire Bull Terrier, Tosa Inu. In \\\"Toledo v. Tellings\\\" – Reversed – 871 N.E.2d 1152 (Ohio, 2007), the Ohio Sixth District Court of Appeal struck down a portion of the Toledo, Ohio, municipal\",\n \"title\": \"Breed-specific legislation\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"126070\",\n \"text\": \"honour of Barrett Browning. Brightwen Binyon beat 44 other designs. It was based on the timber-framed Market House, which was opposite the site. It was completed in 1896. However, Nikolaus Pevsner was not impressed by its style. In 1938, it became a public library. It has been Grade II-listed since 2007. Barrett Browning was widely popular in the United Kingdom and the United States during her lifetime. Edgar Allan Poe was inspired by her poem \\\"Lady Geraldine's Courtship\\\" and specifically borrowed the poem's metre for his poem \\\"The Raven\\\". Poe had reviewed Barrett Browning's work in the January 1845 issue\",\n \"title\": \"Elizabeth Barrett Browning\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10858787\",\n \"text\": \"Ultimately, the Baltimore Women’s Liberation, an active local group and publishers of a successful new journal, helped to raise money for the Press’s first publications. On November 17, 1970, the first meeting of the newly formed Press occurred in Florence Howe's living-room. The first book to be published was Barbara Danish’s children's book \\\"The Dragon and the Doctor\\\" in 1971. Florence Howe saw her dreams of producing feminist biographies come true with the publication of \\\"Elizabeth Barrett Browning\\\" at the end of 1971. In the Press’s founding years, Tillie Olsen changed its course dramatically by giving Howe a photocopy of\",\n \"title\": \"Feminist Press\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3207466\",\n \"text\": \"Warbler, Parrot, Hoopoe, Kinglet, Rose-Breasted Grosbeak, Bohemian Waxwing, Ruby-Throated Hummingbird, Screech Owl, Meadowlark, European Goldfinch. [Announced but never put into production: Evening Grosbeak, Pitta, Weaver Bird.] Complete list of 11 Bachmann Dogs of the World officially released to the public: Collie, German Shepherd, Pointer, Wire-Haired Terrier, Poodle, Basset Hound, Cocker Spaniel, St. Bernard, Boxer, Dalmatian, Mongrel. Complete list of 9 Bachmann Animals of the World officially released to the public: Squirrel Monkey, Giant Panda, Deer, Cow and Calf, Tiger, Lion, Zebra, Morgan Horse, Leopard. In light of dwindling interest in model railroading, the Crowther brothers decided, in 1981, to sell\",\n \"title\": \"Bachmann Industries\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19326447\",\n \"text\": \"Elizabeth Barrett Browning: A Biography Elizabeth Barrett Browning: A Biography by Margaret Forster, first published in 1988, is a biography of the English poet Elizabeth Barrett Browning, which won the Heinemann Award in 1989. Forster draws on newly discovered letters and papers that shed light on the poet's life before she met and eloped with Robert Browning, and rewrites the myth of the invalid poet guarded by an ogre-like father, to give a more-nuanced picture of an active, difficult woman who was complicit in her own virtual imprisonment. It remained the most-detailed published biography of the poet in 2003, and\",\n \"title\": \"Elizabeth Barrett Browning: A Biography\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12639484\",\n \"text\": \"godfathers Alfred's christening became a popular topic among literary people. Father Prout wrote: Edward Fitzgerald wrote to his friend Edward Barton that Tennyson and Count D'Orsay had stood as godparents to one of Dickens's children, and that the unfortunate child had been named 'Alfred D'Orsay Tennyson', which he believed proved that 'Dickens was a snob... For what is Snobbishness and Cockneyism, but all such pretensions and parade? It is one thing to worship heroes and another to lick their spittle.' Robert Browning wrote to Elizabeth Barrett, who shortly after married him in the same church in which Alfred Dickens had\",\n \"title\": \"Alfred D'Orsay Tennyson Dickens\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12375215\",\n \"text\": \"published the highly successful children's book \\\"The Tale of Peter Rabbit\\\" in 1902. Potter eventually went on to publish 23 children's books, and became a wealthy woman. The leading poets during the Victorian period were Alfred, Lord Tennyson (1809–1892), Robert Browning (1812–1889), Elizabeth Barrett Browning (1806–61), and Matthew Arnold (1822–1888). The poetry of this period was heavily influenced by the Romantics, but also went off in its own directions. Particularly notable was the development of the dramatic monologue, a form used by many poets in this period, but perfected by Robert Browning. Literary criticism in the 20th century gradually drew\",\n \"title\": \"English literature\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18000654\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"The Hundred and One Dalmatians\\\" by Dodie Smith \\\"Just William\\\" by Richmal Crompton \\\"Born to Run\\\" by Michael Morpurgo \\\"David Copperfield\\\" by Charles Dickens \\\"Shadow, the Sheep-Dog\\\" by Enid Blyton \\\"The Knife of Never Letting Go\\\" by Patrick Ness \\\"Because of Winn-Dixie\\\" by Kate DiCamillo \\\"The Werepuppy\\\" by Jacqueline Wilson </poem> The \\\"Pets' Corner\\\" section of the book is where famous authors (such as Horrid Henry's Francesca Simon and The Magic Faraway Tree's Enid Blyton) talk about their pets. CBBC has done a book club report on it by Katie Thistleton, citing part of it as a \\\"brilliant read\\\". People\",\n \"title\": \"Paws and Whiskers\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1462434\",\n \"text\": \"and the first breed standard was written shortly afterwards. The first member of the breed was registered in America to the American Kennel Club in 1898, and it was recognized in 1900. In 1912, two Pomeranians were among only three dogs to survive the sinking of RMS \\\"Titanic\\\". A Pomeranian called \\\"Lady\\\", owned by Miss Margaret Hays, escaped with her owner in lifeboat number seven, while Elizabeth Barrett Rothschild took her pet to safety with her in lifeboat number six. Glen Rose Flashaway won the Toy Group at the Westminster Kennel Club Dog Show in 1926, the first Pomeranian to\",\n \"title\": \"Pomeranian (dog)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18947414\",\n \"text\": \"journal, at the end of the nineteenth century published the following: \\\"Man has been defined, perhaps somewhat crudely, says \\\"Food and Cookery\\\", as an animal that prefers a properly cooked meal to raw food, and Noah's wine to Adam's ale.\\\" Madeleine L'Engle used the term in her 1986 novel, \\\"Many Waters\\\", and David Garnett used the phrase in his 1963 novel, \\\"Two by Two: A Story of Survival\\\". Elizabeth Barrett Browning's 1856 epic poem, \\\"Aurora Leigh\\\" has the following lines: \\\"For everywhere/ We're too materialistic,—eating clay,/ (Like men of the west) instead of Adam's corn/ And Noah's wine.\\\" A work\",\n \"title\": \"Noah's wine\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13672547\",\n \"text\": \"Jane Seymour, the falcon of York, the black bull of Clarence, the yale of Beaufort, the white lion of Mortimer, the greyhound of Richmond, the white hart of Richard II, the collared silver antelope of Bohun, the black dragon of Ulster, the white swan of Hereford, the unicorn of Edward III and the golden hind of Kent. The original beasts dated from the sixteenth century, but were removed in 1682 on the advice of Sir Christopher Wren. Wren had condemned the Reigate stone, the calcareous sandstone of which they were constructed. The present statues date from 1925, when the chapel\",\n \"title\": \"St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4519706\",\n \"text\": \"friend: \\\"P.S. The 'Valdemar Case' was a hoax, of course.\\\" In the \\\"Daily Tribune\\\", its editor, Horace Greeley, noted \\\"that several good matter-of-fact citizens\\\" were tricked by the story, but \\\"whoever thought it a veracious recital must have the bump of Faith large, very large indeed.\\\" Elizabeth Barrett Browning wrote to Poe about the story to commend him on his talent for \\\"making horrible improbabilities seem near and familiar\\\". The Virginia poet Philip Pendleton Cooke also wrote to Poe, calling the story \\\"the most damnable, vraisemblable, horrible, hair-lifting, shocking, ingenious chapter of fiction that any brain ever conceived or hand\",\n \"title\": \"The Facts in the Case of M. Valdemar\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1327109\",\n \"text\": \"tumour was removed, she suffered a recurrence in September 1894. She died in Bloomsbury on 29 December 1894 and was buried in Highgate Cemetery. The place where she died, in Torrington Square, is marked with a stone tablet. Although Rossetti's popularity in her lifetime did not approach that of Elizabeth Barrett Browning, her standing remained strong after her death. Her popularity faded in the early 20th century, in the wake of Modernism, although scholars began to explore Freudian themes in her work, such as religious and sexual repression, reaching for personal, biographical interpretations of her poetry. In the 1970s academics\",\n \"title\": \"Christina Rossetti\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14669788\",\n \"text\": \"Mameve Medwed Mameve Medwed is an American novelist. Born and raised in Bangor, Maine, she received her B.A. with honors from Simmons College and as of June 2015 lives in Cambridge, Massachusetts. She is the author of \\\"Mail\\\", \\\"Host Family\\\", \\\"The End of an Error\\\", \\\"How Elizabeth Barrett Browning Saved My Life\\\" (for which she received a 2007 Massachusetts Book Awards Fiction Honor), and \\\"Of Men and Their Mothers\\\". She has taught fiction writing at The Cambridge Center for Adult Education since 1979, mentored in the MFA in Creative Writing program at Lesley University from 1986–88, and was the 1996\",\n \"title\": \"Mameve Medwed\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2281891\",\n \"text\": \"Peel, the gangster Charlie Richardson, Field Marshal Sir Gerald Templer, Jarvis Cocker, Björk, Jayne Mansfield, Diana Dors, Henri Cartier-Bresson, Eve Arnold, Evelyn Waugh, Brassai and Margaret Thatcher. She took Queen Elizabeth II's eightieth birthday portrait. Bown's extensive photojournalism output includes series on Hop Pickers, evictions of Greenham Common Women's Peace Camp, Butlin's holiday resort, the British Seaside, and in 2002, Glastonbury festival. Her social documentary and photojournalism was mostly unseen before the release of her book \\\"Unknown Bown 1947–1967\\\" in 2007. In 2007 her work from Greenham Common was selected by Val Williams and Susan Bright as part of \\\"How\",\n \"title\": \"Jane Bown\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"805227\",\n \"text\": \"hand and eye\\\". At one time Lawrence was more popular in the United States and France than he was in Britain, and some of his best known portraits, including those of Elizabeth Farren, Sarah Barrett Moulton (known to her family as Pinkie), and Charles Lambton (the \\\"Red Boy\\\") found their way to the United States during the early 20th century enthusiasm there for English portraits. Sir Michael Levey acknowledges that Lawrence is still dismissed by some art historians; his explanation is that \\\"He was a highly original artist, quite unexpected on the English scene: self-taught, self-absorbed in perfecting his own\",\n \"title\": \"Thomas Lawrence\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2002140\",\n \"text\": \"Barnes – Thomas Lovell Beddoes – Ralph Waldo Emerson – Elizabeth Barrett Browning – H. W. Longfellow – Edward Fitzgerald – Edgar Allan Poe – Alfred Tennyson – Robert Browning – Aubrey de Vere – Emily Brontë – A. H. Clough – Charles Kingsley – Herman Melville – Walt Whitman – Jean Ingelow – Matthew Arnold – William Cory – Coventry Patmore – William Allingham – Sydney Dobell – George Meredith – D. G. Rossetti – Emily Dickinson – Christina Rossetti – Richard Watson Dixon – William Morris – Warren de Tabley – Algernon Charles Swinburne – Thomas Hardy –\",\n \"title\": \"Palgrave's Golden Treasury\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"126057\",\n \"text\": \"a son, Robert Wiedeman Barrett Browning, whom they called Pen. Their son later married, but had no legitimate children. At her husband's insistence, Elizabeth's second edition of \\\"Poems\\\" included her love sonnets; as a result, her popularity increased (as well as critical regard), and her artistic position was confirmed. The couple came to know a wide circle of artists and writers including William Makepeace Thackeray, sculptor Harriet Hosmer (who, she wrote, seemed to be the \\\"perfectly emancipated female\\\") and Harriet Beecher Stowe. In 1849 she met Margaret Fuller, and the female French novelist George Sand in 1852, whom she had\",\n \"title\": \"Elizabeth Barrett Browning\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17792434\",\n \"text\": \"Timeline of women's education This is a timeline of women's education. 1237 1239 1608 1636 1639 1644 1674 1678 1685 1727 1732 1742 1751 1783 1786 1787 1788 1803 1818 1822 1823 1826 1827 1829 1831 1834 1834 1837 1839 1841 1842 1843 1844 1847 1849 1850 1851 1852 1853 1854 1855 1857 1858 1859 1860 1861 1862 1863 1864 1865 1866 1866 1867 1868 1869 1870: 1871 1872: 1873: 1874: 1875: 1876: 1877: 1878: 1878: 1879: 1880: 1881: 1882: 1883: 1885: 1886: 1887: 1889: 1890: 1891: 1892: 1893: 1894: 1895: 1896: 1898: 1900: 1901: 1902: 1903: 1904: 1905: 1906:\",\n \"title\": \"Timeline of women's education\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10643546\",\n \"text\": \"Australian passerines. More recently, the grouping has been refined somewhat as the monarchs have been classified in a 'Core corvine' group with the crows and ravens, shrikes, birds of paradise, fantails, drongos and mudnest builders. Alternate names for the golden monarch include the black-and-gold monarch, black-and-yellow monarch and black-and-yellow monarch flycatcher. There are nine subspecies recognized: Measuring , the golden monarch displays marked sexual dimorphism. The male is a bright golden colour with sharply delineated black cheeks and throat, primary wing feathers and tail. It has a pale blue and black bill and dark brown iris, and a distinctive teardrop\",\n \"title\": \"Golden monarch\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"126056\",\n \"text\": \"they honeymooned in Paris before moving to Italy, in September 1846, which became their home almost continuously until her death. Elizabeth's loyal nurse, Wilson, who witnessed the marriage, accompanied the couple to Italy. Mr Barrett disinherited Elizabeth, as he did each of his children who married. Elizabeth had foreseen her father's anger but had not anticipated her brothers' rejection. As Elizabeth had some money of her own, the couple were reasonably comfortable in Italy. The Brownings were well respected, and even famous. Elizabeth grew stronger and in 1849, at the age of 43, between four miscarriages, she gave birth to\",\n \"title\": \"Elizabeth Barrett Browning\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4546401\",\n \"text\": \"novelists Sir Edward Bulwer-Lytton and Thomas Adolphus Trollope, and the \\\"Swedenborgian\\\" James John Garth Wilkinson. As well as Brewster, fellow scientists Michael Faraday and Thomas Huxley were prominent contemporary critics of Home's claims. It was the poet Robert Browning however, who proved to be one of Home's most adamant critics. After attending a séance of Home's, Browning wrote in a letter to \\\"The Times\\\" that: 'the whole display of hands, spirit utterances etc., was a cheat and imposture'. Browning gave his unflattering impression of Home in the poem, \\\"Sludge the Medium\\\" (1864). His wife, Elizabeth Barrett Browning, was convinced that\",\n \"title\": \"Daniel Dunglas Home\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2686750\",\n \"text\": \"Goldendoodle The Goldendoodle (Groodle in Australian English) is a cross-breed dog, which is obtained by breeding a Golden Retriever with a Poodle. The name, which alters \\\"poodle\\\" to \\\"doodle\\\" by analogy to \\\"Labradoodle\\\", was coined in 1992. The Goldendoodle was first bred by Monica Dickens in 1969. Popularity for the goldendoodle grew in the 1990s when breeders in North America and Australia began crossing Golden Retrievers with Standard Poodles. The original purpose of the cross was to develop guide dogs suitable for visually impaired individuals with allergies. Poodles are considered to be hypoallergenic. Their coats do not shed, which reduces\",\n \"title\": \"Goldendoodle\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2688114\",\n \"text\": \"are working towards developing the Cockapoo by breeding successive generations, and establishing it as a recognized breed. The Cockapoo Club of GB promote \\\"Open and Ethical Breeding to Protect the Cockapoo of Tomorrow, Today.\\\" They advocate for a \\\"Breeding Standard\\\" over a \\\"Breed Standard\\\". https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Db-author Cockapoo A Cockapoo is a mixed-breed dog that is the cross between either Cocker Spaniel breeds (American Cocker Spaniel or English Cocker Spaniel) and a poodle (in most cases a miniature poodle or toy poodle). A Cockapoo can be the result of mating either the American Cocker Spaniel or English Cocker Spaniel with a Poodle.\",\n \"title\": \"Cockapoo\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"126054\",\n \"text\": \"my heart, dear Miss Barrett,\\\" praising their \\\"fresh strange music, the affluent language, the exquisite pathos and true new brave thought.\\\" Kenyon arranged for Browning to meet Elizabeth on 20 May 1845, in her rooms, and so began one of the most famous courtships in literature. Elizabeth had already produced a large amount of work, but Browning had a great influence on her subsequent writing, as did she on his: two of Barrett's most famous pieces were written after she met Browning, \\\"Sonnets from the Portuguese\\\" and \\\"Aurora Leigh.\\\" Robert's \\\"Men and Women\\\" is also a product of that time.\",\n \"title\": \"Elizabeth Barrett Browning\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2360943\",\n \"text\": \"to him the 'Atlanta in Calydon'. In 1864 on May Day Landor said to his landlady \\\"\\\"I shall never write again. Put out the lights and draw the curtains\\\"\\\". A few months later he died quietly in Florence at the age of 89. He was buried not after all at Widcombe but in the English Cemetery, Florence, near the tomb of his friend, Elizabeth Barrett Browning. A statue of his wife can also be found in the 'English' Cemetery, above the tomb of their son, Arnold Savage Landor. Later, his Villa Gherardesca in Fiesole would become the home of the\",\n \"title\": \"Walter Savage Landor\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8760431\",\n \"text\": \"century, when it was already noteworthy for its long coat. Some confusion exists in tracing its history because, for a certain time, several different breeds had the same name \\\"Skye Terrier\\\". The loyal dog, present under the petticoat of Mary, Queen of Scots at her execution, has been ascribed as a Skye Terrier. In 1840, Queen Victoria made the breed fancy, keeping both drop-(floppy) and prick-(upwards) eared dogs. A colour lithograph of Skye Terriers was included in \\\"The Illustrated Book of the Dog\\\" by Vero Shaw in 1881. This greatly increased its popularity and the Skye Terrier came to America\",\n \"title\": \"Skye Terrier\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7823568\",\n \"text\": \"other country and are recognised by all major kennel clubs. Notably, a Sussex Spaniel won the best in show in 2009 at the 133rd Westminster Kennel Club. The Sussex Spaniel is a low compact spaniel similar in appearance to a small, dark Clumber Spaniel. It is normally no taller than at the withers and the usual weight range is with a roughly rectangular appearance. The Clumber Spaniel meanwhile is normally between high at the shoulder, and weighing . One of the noticeable features is their golden liver-coloured coat which is unique to the breed. Historically however, there have also been\",\n \"title\": \"Sussex Spaniel\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2244764\",\n \"text\": \"Me?\\\" (1979) and \\\"Private Papers\\\" (1986) are much darker in tone. She tackled subjects such as single mothers and young offenders. \\\"Have the Men Had Enough?\\\" (1989) examines care of the elderly and the problem of Alzheimer's disease, inspired by her mother-in-law's deterioration and death from the disease. In 1991, she and her husband Hunter Davies contributed to the BBC2 \\\"First Sight\\\" episode, \\\"When Love Isn't Enough\\\", which described Marion Davies' story; Forster sharply criticised government policies on care for the elderly. The publisher Carmen Callil considers \\\"Lady's Maid\\\" (1990), a historical novel about Elizabeth Barrett Browning seen through the\",\n \"title\": \"Margaret Forster\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1945371\",\n \"text\": \"to freeze upon finding a bird before flushing it out on command. However, they proved to be the worst breed tested when it came to manipulating objects with their paws, for instance uncovering a dish of food or pulling on a string. With a good level of socialisation at an early age, an American Cocker can get along with people, children, other dogs and other pets. This breed seems to have a perpetually wagging tail and prefers to be around people; it is not best suited to the backyard alone. Cockers can be easily stressed by loud noises and by\",\n \"title\": \"American Cocker Spaniel\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19948971\",\n \"text\": \"not read, you were considered a freak!' A die-hard aficionado of cinema and theatre, her hobbies are limited to reading - and her family. Married to a mariner Prakash Kane, she lives in Pune with two daughters Kimaya and Amiya and her other family of two dogs - Chic, the cocker spaniel and Cotton, the white, curious cat. Kavita Kané Kavita Kané (born 5 August 1966) is an Indian writer. She is known for writing Mythology-fiction. All of her books are based on Indian mythology. Her bestselling novel is \\\"Karna's wife: the Outcast Queen\\\". and is an author of the\",\n \"title\": \"Kavita Kané\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14973993\",\n \"text\": \"Show, and 1st in the terrier Group at the Eukanuba Championship dog show in 2005. In judging for Best in Show at Westminster, Rufus was joined by a Golden Retriever (Ch. Chuckanut Party Favour O' Nove), a Dalmatian (Ch. Merry Go Round Mach Ten), a Rottweiler (Ch. Carter's Noble Shaka Zulu), a Scottish Deerhound, a Pug (Ch. Kendoric's Riversong Mulroney) and an Old English Sheepdog. Of all the breeds being judged, only the Pug and the Sheepdog had previously won Best in Show. Judging was conducted by James Reynolds, with the crowd favouring the Golden Retriever. The Dalmatian was owned\",\n \"title\": \"Rocky Top's Sundance Kid\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7797668\",\n \"text\": \"Dempsey (dog) Dempsey (ca. 1986 - 2003) was a female American Pit Bull Terrier who was the subject of a high-profile challenge to the British Dangerous Dogs Act 1991. She was owned by Dianne Fanneran and lived in London. While being walked one evening in April 1992, muzzled and kept on a leash in accordance with the law, she began acting sick and her muzzle was removed, allegedly to allow her to vomit. Two passing police officers noted the unmuzzled dog and charged the caretaker under the Dangerous Dogs Act. Three months later, at Ealing Magistrates' Court, Dempsey was ordered\",\n \"title\": \"Dempsey (dog)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1945370\",\n \"text\": \"in height. Known as the \\\"Merry Cocker\\\", the American Cocker Spaniel breed standard defines the ideal dog of the breed as being \\\"equable in temperament with no suggestion of timidity.\\\" The breed ranks 20th in Stanley Coren's \\\"The Intelligence of Dogs\\\", a rating that indicates good \\\"Working or Obedience Intelligence\\\", or trainability. IQ tests run on a variety of breeds in the 1950s and 1960s showed that the American Cocker performed the best when tested on its ability to show restraint and delayed response to a trigger, a trait which was put down to the breed's bred-in ability when hunting\",\n \"title\": \"American Cocker Spaniel\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7197662\",\n \"text\": \"thief and taken to the nearby rookery St Giles. This episode, a conflation of three real times on which Flush was stolen, ends when the poet, over her family's objections, pays the robbers six guineas (£6.30) to have the dog returned. It provides Woolf the opportunity for an extended meditation on the poverty of mid-century London, and on the blinkered indifference of many of the city's wealthy residents. After his rescue, Flush is reconciled to his owner's future husband, and he accompanies them to Pisa and Florence. In these chapters, his own experiences are described equally with Barrett Browning's, as\",\n \"title\": \"Flush: A Biography\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4155060\",\n \"text\": \"have to lie still in its basket on stage for a great length of time, and then exit when called for. McClintic selected an eight-month-old cocker spaniel, which played the role for the full run and many others afterward, to unanimous applause. McClintic directed the three-hour play with a meticulous attention to period detail. Cornell was listed as the producer, although it was produced by C. & M.C. Productions, Inc., a company wholly owned by both McClintic and Cornell. The play opened first in Cleveland, then played in Buffalo before reaching New York in January 1931. Brooks Atkinson wrote of\",\n \"title\": \"Katharine Cornell\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7282584\",\n \"text\": \"many other predatory mammals, the dog has powerful muscles, fused wrist bones, a cardiovascular system that supports both sprinting and endurance, and teeth for catching and tearing. Dogs are highly variable in height and weight. The smallest known adult dog was a Yorkshire Terrier, that stood only at the shoulder, in length along the head-and-body, and weighed only . The largest known dog was an English Mastiff which weighed and was from the snout to the tail. The tallest dog is a Great Dane that stands at the shoulder. The dog's senses include vision, hearing, sense of smell, sense of\",\n \"title\": \"Dog\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3437296\",\n \"text\": \"attempt to create a breed, narrowing the gene pool. The best way to continue taking advantage of crossbreed vigor is from the breeding of dogs with genetic diversity. With the long-time popularity of the label cockapoo, used since at least 1960 and constructed by combining elements of its two contributing breeds (Cocker Spaniel/Poodle), it has become extremely common to find crossbred dogs given labels likewise invented by portmanteau. The tendency for using such labels in a jocular way dates back at least to Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom's dorgis (Dachshund/Corgi). None of these have become recognised by any\",\n \"title\": \"Dog crossbreed\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"compressed_ctxs_1":{"kind":"string","value":"{\n \"compressed_prompt\": \"Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\\n\\ntitle: Virginia Woolf context: mocked. \\\"\\\"The Waves\\\" (1931) presents a group of six friends whose reflections, which are closer to recitatives than to interior monologues proper, create a wave-like atmosphere that is more akin to a prose poem than to a plot-centred novel\\\". \\\"Flush: A Biography\\\" (1933) is a part-fiction, part-biography of the cocker spaniel owned by Victorian poet Elizabeth Barrett Browning. The book is written from the dog's point of view. Woolf was inspired to write this book from the success of the Rudolf Besier play \\\"The Barretts of Wimpole Street\\\". In the play, Flush is on stage for much of the action.\\n\\nWhat was the name of Elizabeth Barrett Browning's pet golden cocker spaniel ?\",\n \"compressed_tokens\": 205,\n \"origin_tokens\": 205,\n \"ratio\": \"1.0x\",\n \"saving\": \", Saving $0.0 in GPT-4.\"\n}"},"compressed_ctxs_100":{"kind":"string","value":"{\n \"compressed_prompt\": \"Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\\n\\ntitle: Flush: A Biography context: dead That was all. The drawing-room table, strangely enough, stood perfectly still.\\\" Woolf ostensibly uses the life of a dog as pointed social criticism, ranging across topics from feminism and environmentalism to class conflict. Flush: A Biography Flush: A Biography, an imaginative biography of Elizabeth Barrett Browning's cocker spaniel, is a cross-genre blend of fiction and nonfiction by Virginia Woolf published in 1933. Written after the completion of her emotionally draining \\\"The Waves\\\", the work returned Woolf to the imaginative consideration of English history that she had begun in \\\"\\\", and to which she would return in \\\"Between the Acts\\\".\\n\\ntitle: Virginia Woolf context mock. \\\"\\\" Waves\\\" (1931 presents a group of six friends reflections which are closer to recitatives than to interior monologues proper create wave-like atmosphere that is more akin to prose poem than to a plot-red\\\". \\\"Fl: A Biography (1933 is a-iction, part-biography cocker spaniel owned by Victorian poet Elizabeth Barrett Browning. The book from the dog's point of view Woolf was inspired to write this book the success the Rudolf Besier playThe Barretts of Wimpole Street\\\". In the play, Flush is on stage for much of the action.\\n: Elizabeth Browning context Edward' to Toray She to MitfordThat a very nearness absolute hopeless mad\\\". The to Wimpole Street in 18. At Wimpole Street Bar Browning spent of her time her upstairs room. Her began to improve, she saw other family. of those wasyon a wealth friend of and patron of the from a spaniel Fl, gift from Mitfordiria Woolf later fictised the of the, making him the protagonist of\\n: Biography: th the ro., a times on, when the paysers. the-century London, and on the blinkered indifference of many of the city's wealthy residents. After his rescue, Flush is reconciled to his owner's future husband, and he accompanies them to Pisa and Florence. In these chapters, his own experiences are described equally with Barrett Browning's, as\\n\\nWhat was the name of Elizabeth Barrett Browning's pet golden cocker spaniel ?\",\n \"compressed_tokens\": 498,\n \"origin_tokens\": 15318,\n \"ratio\": \"30.8x\",\n \"saving\": \", Saving $0.9 in GPT-4.\"\n}"}}},{"rowIdx":292,"cells":{"id":{"kind":"number","value":292,"string":"292"},"question":{"kind":"string","value":"What famous novel provided the basic story line for Francis Ford Coppola's 1979 Vietnam war film epic, Apocalypse Now?"},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["The Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad, published in 1902 and set in Africa"],"string":"[\n \"The Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad, published in 1902 and set in Africa\"\n]","isConversational":false},"target":{"kind":"string","value":"The Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad, published in 1902 and set in Africa"},"ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"id":"2752208","text":"Hearts of Darkness: A Filmmaker's Apocalypse Hearts of Darkness: A Filmmaker's Apocalypse is a 1991 American documentary film about the production of \"Apocalypse Now,\" the 1979 Vietnam War epic directed by Francis Ford Coppola. The title is derived from the Joseph Conrad novella \"Heart of Darkness\", the source material for \"Apocalypse Now\". Using behind-the-scenes footage, and narrated by Eleanor Coppola, the documentary chronicles how production problems—among them bad weather, actors' poor health, and other issues—delayed the film, increasing costs and nearly destroying the life and career of its director, her husband, Francis Ford Coppola. In 1990, Coppola turned her material","title":"Hearts of Darkness: A Filmmaker's Apocalypse"},{"id":"2752213","text":"\"Tropic Thunder\" parodies both \"Hearts of Darkness\" and \"Apocalypse Now\". The animated series \"Eek! The Cat\" also did a parody episode \"Eekpocalypse Now!\" Season 2, Episode 5A. Other documentaries about troubled movie productions: Hearts of Darkness: A Filmmaker's Apocalypse Hearts of Darkness: A Filmmaker's Apocalypse is a 1991 American documentary film about the production of \"Apocalypse Now,\" the 1979 Vietnam War epic directed by Francis Ford Coppola. The title is derived from the Joseph Conrad novella \"Heart of Darkness\", the source material for \"Apocalypse Now\". Using behind-the-scenes footage, and narrated by Eleanor Coppola, the documentary chronicles how production problems—among them","title":"Hearts of Darkness: A Filmmaker's Apocalypse"},{"id":"12362739","text":"Apocalypse Now Apocalypse Now is a 1979 American epic war film directed, produced, and co-written by Francis Ford Coppola. It stars Marlon Brando, Robert Duvall, Martin Sheen, Frederic Forrest, Albert Hall, Sam Bottoms, Laurence Fishburne, and Dennis Hopper. The screenplay, co-written by Coppola and John Milius (who received an Oscar nomination for Best Adapted Screenplay) and featuring narration written by Michael Herr, is an updating of Joseph Conrad's novella \"Heart of Darkness\". The setting was changed from late 19th-century Congo to the Vietnam War \"ca.\" 1969–70, the years in which Green Beret Colonel Robert Rheault, commander of the 5th Special","title":"Apocalypse Now"},{"id":"12362669","text":"Apocalypse Now Apocalypse Now is a 1979 American epic war film directed, produced, and co-written by Francis Ford Coppola. It stars Marlon Brando, Robert Duvall, Martin Sheen, Frederic Forrest, Albert Hall, Sam Bottoms, Laurence Fishburne, and Dennis Hopper. The screenplay, co-written by Coppola and John Milius (who received an Oscar nomination for Best Adapted Screenplay) and featuring narration written by Michael Herr, is an updating of Joseph Conrad's novella \"Heart of Darkness\". The setting was changed from late 19th-century Congo to the Vietnam War \"ca.\" 1969–70, the years in which Green Beret Colonel Robert Rheault, commander of the 5th Special","title":"Apocalypse Now"},{"id":"12362686","text":"Ford Coppola on \"The Rain People\", George Lucas and Steven Spielberg encouraged their friend and filmmaker John Milius to write a Vietnam War film. Milius had wanted to volunteer for the war, and was disappointed when he was rejected for having asthma. Milius came up with the idea for adapting the plot of Joseph Conrad's \"Heart of Darkness\" to the Vietnam War setting. He had read the novel when he was a teenager and was reminded about it by one of his college lecturers who had mentioned the several unsuccessful attempts to adapt it into a movie. Screenwriter John Milius","title":"Apocalypse Now"},{"id":"14052192","text":"Colonel Kurtz Colonel Walter E. Kurtz, portrayed by Marlon Brando, is a fictional character and the main antagonist of Francis Ford Coppola's film \"Apocalypse Now\" (1979). Colonel Kurtz is based on the character of a nineteenth-century ivory trader, also called Kurtz, from the novella \"Heart of Darkness\" (1899) by Joseph Conrad. Walter Kurtz was a career officer in the United States Army; he was a third-generation West Point graduate who had risen through the ranks and was seen to be destined for a top post within the Pentagon. A dossier read by the narrator, Captain Willard, implies that Kurtz saw","title":"Colonel Kurtz"},{"id":"1382628","text":"US gave it their \"Best Cinematography\" Award. It won the prestigious Grand Prix of the Belgian Film Critics Association in 1976 and was nominated for a \"Best Film\" César Award. Francis Ford Coppola's 1979 film \"Apocalypse Now\", a film based on Joseph Conrad's 1902 novella \"Heart of Darkness\", was influenced also by \"Aguirre\", as it contains seemingly deliberate visual \"quotations\" of Herzog's film. Coppola himself has noted, \"\"Aguirre\", with its incredible imagery, was a very strong influence. I'd be remiss if I didn't mention it.\" Several critics have noted that \"Aguirre\" appears to have had a direct influence on several","title":"Aguirre, the Wrath of God"},{"id":"12362680","text":"is the pilot of a river boat sent to collect ivory from Kurtz's outpost, only gradually becoming infatuated with Kurtz. In fact, when he discovers Kurtz in terrible health, Marlow makes an effort to bring him home safely. In the film, Willard is an assassin dispatched to kill Kurtz. Nevertheless, the depiction of Kurtz as a god-like leader of a tribe of natives and his malarial fever, Kurtz's written exclamation \"Exterminate all the brutes!\" (which appears in the film as \"Drop the bomb. Exterminate them all!\") and his last words \"The horror! The horror!\" are taken from Conrad's novella. Coppola","title":"Apocalypse Now"},{"id":"1749273","text":"circumstances and remote settings to assert power over others. It is widely believed that Conrad drew influence from these characters, as well as Stevenson's plot lines, when writing \"Heart of Darkness\". In the 1958 loose adaptation for the CBS television anthology series \"Playhouse 90\" Kurtz was played by Boris Karloff. This version uses the encounter between Marlow and Kurtz as its final act, and adds a backstory in which Marlow had been Kurtz's adopted son. Francis Ford Coppola's acclaimed Vietnam War film \"Apocalypse Now\" (1979) centers on the protagonist's mission to find and kill the renegade Colonel Kurtz (played by","title":"Kurtz (Heart of Darkness)"},{"id":"2890883","text":"2011 compilation album \"From Fear to Eternity\". \"The Edge of Darkness\" is based on the 1979 film \"Apocalypse Now\", adapted from Joseph Conrad's \"Heart of Darkness\", \"Man on the Edge\" is based on the 1993 movie, \"Falling Down\", and \"Lord of the Flies\" is based on the William Golding novel of the same name. \"Sign of the Cross\" is based on the Umberto Eco's novel \"The Name of the Rose\" and is Iron Maiden's sixth longest song at more than 11 minutes in length. Live versions of \"Blood on the World's Hands\" and \"The Aftermath\" can be found in \"Best","title":"The X Factor (album)"},{"id":"12362679","text":"novella, based on Conrad's experience as a steamboat captain in Africa, is set in the Congo Free State during the 19th century. Kurtz and Marlow (whose corresponding character in the movie is Capt. Willard) work for a Belgian trading company that brutally exploits its native African workers. After arriving at Kurtz's outpost, Marlow concludes that Kurtz has gone insane and is lording over a small tribe as a god. The novella ends with Kurtz dying on the trip back and the narrator musing about the darkness of the human psyche: \"the heart of an immense darkness\". In the novella, Marlow","title":"Apocalypse Now"},{"id":"12362687","text":"was inspired to write the screenplay because of his college English professor, Irwin Blacker of USC. Blacker challenged his class by saying, “No screenwriter has ever perfected a film adaption of Joseph Conrad’s \"Heart of Darkness\".” Coppola gave Milius $15,000 to write the screenplay with the promise of an additional $10,000 if it were green-lit. Milius claims that he wrote the screenplay in 1969 and originally called it \"The Psychedelic Soldier\". He wanted to use Conrad's novel as \"a sort of allegory. It would have been too simple to have followed the book completely.\" Milius based the character of Willard","title":"Apocalypse Now"},{"id":"19260314","text":"Apocalypse Now (painting) Apocalypse Now is a 1988 painting by the American artist Christopher Wool, widely regarded as among the most important of his \"word paintings\" created in the late 1980s. It consists of the words \"SELL THE HOUSE SELL THE CAR SELL THE KIDS\", stenciled in black, block letters in alkyd enamel on an off-white painted aluminum and steel plate measuring 84 x 72 inches (213.4 x 182.9 cm). The quotation is from the 1979 Francis Ford Coppola movie \"Apocalypse Now\", where it is written in a letter mailed home by a character who has lost his mind in","title":"Apocalypse Now (painting)"},{"id":"14427925","text":"in 1988, Wool and fellow artist Robert Gober presented a collaborative exhibition and installation which included Wool's seminal text-based painting, \"Apocalypse Now\" (1988). The work features words from a famous line in Francis Ford Coppola's film \"Apocalypse Now\", based on the Joseph Conrad novel \"Heart of Darkness\". From the early 1990s through the present, the silkscreen has been a primary tool in Wool's practice. In his abstract paintings Wool brings together figures and the disfigured, drawing and painting, spontaneous impulses and well thought-out ideas. He draws lines on the canvas with a spray gun and then, directly after, wipes them","title":"Christopher Wool"},{"id":"2162593","text":"a competing offer of $15,000 for Milius to write \"Apocalypse Now\". \"Apocalypse Now\" was an adaptation of \"Heart of Darkness\" set in the Vietnam War which George Lucas intended to direct as a follow up to his first feature \"THX 1138\" (1971). Milius says Coppola: Offered that wonderful fork in the road where I could go do my own thing rather than just rewrite some piece of crap that would probably be rewritten by somebody else. That was the most important decision I made in my life as a writer. That sort of steered me onto the path of doing","title":"John Milius"},{"id":"178220","text":"Karloff) as its final act, and adds a backstory in which Marlow had been Kurtz's adopted son. The cast includes Inga Swenson and Eartha Kitt. The most famous adaptation is Francis Ford Coppola's 1979 motion picture \"Apocalypse Now\" based on the screenplay by John Milius, which moves the story from the Congo to Vietnam and Cambodia during the Vietnam War. In \"Apocalypse Now\", Martin Sheen plays Captain Benjamin L. Willard, a US Army Captain assigned to \"terminate the command\" of Colonel Walter E. Kurtz. Marlon Brando played Kurtz, in one of his most famous roles. A production documentary of the","title":"Heart of Darkness"},{"id":"360484","text":"something cramped and claustrophobic\", which would \"undoubtedly amount to one of the screen's scarier haunted houses\". \"The Shining\" is now considered to be a horror classic, and the American Film Institute has ranked it as the 27th greatest thriller film of all time. Kubrick met author Michael Herr through mutual friend David Cornwell (novelist John le Carré) in 1980, and became interested in his book \"Dispatches\", about the Vietnam War. Herr had recently written Martin Sheen's narration for \"Apocalypse Now\" (1979). Kubrick was also intrigued by Gustav Hasford's Vietnam War novel \"The Short-Timers.\" With the vision in mind to shoot","title":"Stanley Kubrick"},{"id":"17597021","text":"Heart of Darkness (1993 film) Heart of Darkness is a 1993 television adaptation of Joseph Conrad’s famous novella written by Benedict Fitzgerald, directed by Nicolas Roeg, and starring Tim Roth, John Malkovich, Isaach De Bankolé and James Fox. The show is the third screen adaptation of the novella, following a 1958 television adaptation for the anthology series \"Playhouse 90\" starring Boris Karloff, and 1979's \"Apocalypse Now\" with Marlon Brando, which loosely adapted it and updated it to the Vietnam War. The film was filmed as a co-production with Ted Turner's Turner Pictures, and then aired by his TNT network. Ivory","title":"Heart of Darkness (1993 film)"},{"id":"12362681","text":"argues that many episodes in the film—the spear and arrow attack on the boat, for example—respect the spirit of the novella and in particular its critique of the concepts of civilization and progress. Other episodes adapted by Coppola, the Playboy Playmates' (Sirens) exit, the lost souls, \"take me home\" attempting to reach the boat and Kurtz's tribe of (white-faced) natives parting the canoes (gates of Hell) for Willard, (with Chef and Lance) to enter the camp are likened to Virgil and \"The Inferno\" (Divine Comedy) by Dante. While Coppola replaced European colonialism with American interventionism, the message of Conrad's book","title":"Apocalypse Now"},{"id":"12362704","text":"departing frequently from the original screenplay. Coppola admitted that he had no ending because Brando was too fat to play the scenes as written in the original script. With the help of Dennis Jakob, Coppola decided that the ending could be \"the classic myth of the murderer who gets up the river, kills the king, and then himself becomes the king – it's the Fisher King, from \"The Golden Bough\"\". A water buffalo was slaughtered with a machete for the climactic scene. The scene was inspired by a ritual performed by a local Ifugao tribe which Coppola had witnessed along","title":"Apocalypse Now"},{"id":"12362729","text":"restored to such heights you can, indeed, get a nose full of the napalm.\" Rotten Tomatoes gives the film a \"Certified Fresh\" rating of 96% based on 84 reviews, with an average rating of 8.9/10. The website's critical consensus states that \"Francis Ford Coppola's haunting, hallucinatory Vietnam war epic is cinema at its most audacious and visionary\". Today, the movie is regarded by many as a masterpiece of the New Hollywood era. Roger Ebert considered it to be the finest film on the Vietnam war and included it on his list for the 2002 \"Sight & Sound\" poll for the","title":"Apocalypse Now"},{"id":"16136159","text":"an opera stemmed from O'Regan's viewing the 2001 \"Redux\" version of the film \"Apocalypse Now\" (itself based on the book by Conrad) by Francis Ford Coppola. Work began in earnest in 2002 and passed through two development companies (American Opera Projects and the joint ROH2/Genesis Foundation initiative \"OperaGenesis\") before it was premiered at the Royal Opera House. In terms of its logistical approach, the opera was designed from the outset to be \"short and small\", but emotionally and dramatically large-scale. Writer and broadcaster Tom Service has described the creators' approach as \"mirroring the disproportionate power of Conrad's slender book.\" O'Regan","title":"Heart of Darkness (opera)"},{"id":"12362670","text":"Forces Group, was indicted for murder and President Richard Nixon authorized the secret Cambodian Campaign. Coppola said that Rheault was an inspiration for the character of Colonel Kurtz. The voice-over narration of Willard was written by war correspondent Herr, whose 1977 Vietnam memoir \"Dispatches\" brought him to the attention of Coppola. A major influence on the film was Werner Herzog's \"Aguirre, the Wrath of God\" (1972), which also features a river journey and an insane soldier. The film revolves around a river journey from South Vietnam into Cambodia undertaken by Captain Benjamin L. Willard (a character based on Conrad's Marlow","title":"Apocalypse Now"},{"id":"15812422","text":"he and the director \"also looked at abstract paintings, photographs, and architectural design books\" for inspiration. One of \"Beyond the Black Rainbow\"'s notable characteristics is its deliberately slow, hypnotic pace. According to Cosmatos, \"Beyond the Black Rainbow\" belongs to what he dubbed the \"trance film\" subgenre. Cosmatos mentioned Francis Ford Coppola's \"Apocalypse Now\" (1979), Alain Resnais' \"Last Year at Marienbad\" (1961) and Saul Bass's \"Phase IV\" (1974) as cinematographic blueprints for his debut film. Cosmatos explained the rationale behind his screen-writing, which downplays the \"very concrete story at the heart of it\" in favor of an \"atmospheric\" approach: Jeremy Schmidt,","title":"Beyond the Black Rainbow"},{"id":"2162613","text":"by Italian TV. He wrote \"Harlot's Ghost\", for Francis Ford Coppola based on a novel by Norman Mailer; Milius described it as \"a cross between \"The Godfather\" and \"Apocalypse Now.\" It's about families and duplicity and danger, but this time provoked by the government.\" He adapted the Sgt. Rock comics for producer Joel Silver. And also wrote a version of \"Die Hard 3\" co-written with Barry Beckerman. In the early 1990s he wrote \"Texas Rangers\", about the establishment of that organisation, for Frank Price at Columbia. He hoped to direct the film, but could not raise the funding. In 1993","title":"John Milius"},{"id":"12700320","text":"include \"The Way We Were\", \"Close Encounters of the Third Kind\", \"Scarface\", \"Illegally Yours\", \"Midnight Run\", \"History of the World, Part I\", \"Annie\", \"Say Anything\", \"Almost Famous\", and \"Jerry Maguire\". He took small acting parts in some of his films, for example playing a pilot in \"Blue Thunder\" and a salesman in \"Rocky II\". His most famous role is as a civilian intelligence officer named Jerry in Francis Ford Coppola's Vietnam War film, Apocalypse Now, in which he utters what some call the film's most memorable line, \"Terminate, with extreme prejudice\", to instruct the film's lead character to carry out","title":"Jerry Ziesmer"},{"id":"1873900","text":"University School of the Arts. After portraying Pointer in \"Willie Dynamite\" (1974), Hall made his film debut in the 1976 biopic \"Leadbelly\". He also played a co-pilot in the 1978 film \"The Bermuda Triangle\". Hall had a small role in the 1979 miniseries \"\". Hall gained mainstream attention for his role as Chief Phillips in Francis Ford Coppola's 1979 war classic \"Apocalypse Now\", in which his character leads the rest of crew upriver from Vietnam to Cambodia so that Captain Willard (Martin Sheen) can complete his mission to assassinate Colonel Kurtz (Marlon Brando). Chief eventually gets killed by a Vietcong","title":"Albert Hall (actor)"},{"id":"12362688","text":"and some of Kurtz's on a friend of his, Fred Rexer. Rexer claimed to have experienced, first-hand, the scene related by Brando's character wherein the arms of villagers are hacked off by the Viet Cong. Kurtz was based on Robert B. Rheault, head of special forces in Vietnam. Scholars have never found any evidence to corroborate Rexer's claim, nor any similar Viet Cong behavior, and consider it an urban legend. At one point, Coppola told Milius, \"Write every scene you ever wanted to go into that movie\", and he wrote ten drafts, amounting to over a thousand pages. Milius changed","title":"Apocalypse Now"},{"id":"9775319","text":"the Academy Award for Best Film Editing and the BAFTA Award for Best Editing for the film. In 2012, \"The French Connection\" was selected as the tenth best edited film of all time in a listing compiled by the Motion Picture Editors Guild. Francis Ford Coppola produced, directed, and co-wrote \"Apocalypse Now\", which was released in 1979. Filming had taken over a year in 1976 and 1977. Editing took place over two years prior to its release, and involved several editors; the supervising editor was Richard Marks, another of \"Dede's boys\". Greenberg described his own role in an interview with","title":"Gerald B. Greenberg"},{"id":"7517810","text":"(1990), Rabbit Angstrom notices \"a story [...] in the Sarasota paper a week or so ago, headlined Circus Redux. He hates that word, you see it everywhere, and he doesn't know how to pronounce it. Like arbitrageur and perestroika.\" The term has been adopted by filmmakers to denote a new interpretation of an existing work by the restoration of previously removed material. This trend began with \"Apocalypse Now Redux\", which Francis Ford Coppola released in 2001, re-editing and extending his original 1979 movie. The term has also been used by music producers to describe what is more often referred to","title":"Redux (literary term)"},{"id":"5061036","text":"means of consciousness raising groups. The film ends happily for the trio of main characters: Bunny and Jim are to be married, and Jean-Pierre has enrolled at Dr. Hunt's university as a feminist studies major, becoming in the process the ideal companion for Hunt. The film's plot loosely parallels that of novel \"Heart of Darkness\" by Joseph Conrad, as well as \"Apocalypse Now\", which was also partly based on \"Heart of Darkness\". Both \"Heart of Darkness\" and \"Apocalypse Now\" feature a character named Kurtz who has gone deep into the jungle to become the deranged leader of a group of","title":"Cannibal Women in the Avocado Jungle of Death"},{"id":"10588023","text":"totalitarian empires, notably with a federation of British and German fascists. Channeling Philip K. Dick's \"The Man in the High Castle\" and Ford Coppola's \"Apocalypse Now\", the plot of the novel traces a black Swiss political commissar's journey to the heart of the empire to arrest the rogue officer Brazhinsky in an Alpine tunnel complex called the \"Réduit\". \"Ich werde hier sein im Sonnenschein und im Schatten\" quickly garnered acclaim in the German-speaking literary world. Broadsheet \"Die Welt\" called it a \"glorious horror story\". The \"Süddeutsche Zeitung\" praised the writing as not only deeply reminiscent of Ernst Jünger, but also","title":"Christian Kracht"},{"id":"2752040","text":"on the Making of Apocalypse Now\" in 1979. The book chronicled such events as the near destruction of the film's production as well as the stress that both cast and crew were suffering from at the time. This would not be the only documentation of the making of Francis Ford Coppola's \"Apocalypse Now\" as she decided to film a documentary based on the same movie. The documentary film \"Hearts of Darkness: A Filmmaker's Apocalypse\" was co-directed by Eleanor Coppola, Fax Bahr, and George Hickenlooper. In the film, Eleanor narrates the trials and difficulties surrounding the production of the award-winning film","title":"Eleanor Coppola"},{"id":"138090","text":"with Mario Puzo), Best Picture, and his first nomination for Best Director. He followed with \"The Godfather Part II\" in 1974, which became the first sequel to win the Academy Award for Best Picture. Highly regarded by critics, it brought him three more Academy Awards: Best Adapted Screenplay, Best Director and Best Picture, and made him the second director, after Billy Wilder, to be honored three times for the same film. \"The Conversation\", which he directed, produced and wrote, was released that same year, winning the Palme d'Or at the 1974 Cannes Film Festival. He next directed 1979's \"Apocalypse Now\".","title":"Francis Ford Coppola"},{"id":"1382599","text":"by natives. \"Aguirre\" opened to widespread critical acclaim, and quickly developed a large international cult film following. It was given an extensive arthouse theatrical release in the United States in 1977, and remains one of the director's best-known films. Several critics have declared the film a masterpiece, and it has appeared on \"Time\" magazine's list of \"All Time 100 Best Films\". \"Aguirre\"'s visual style and narrative elements had a strong influence on Francis Ford Coppola's 1979 film \"Apocalypse Now\". In 1560, several score of Spanish conquistadors, and a hundred Indian slaves, march down from the newly conquered Inca Empire in","title":"Aguirre, the Wrath of God"},{"id":"3049799","text":"Doc?\" (1957). The \"Ride\" features in \"Apocalypse Now\" (1979), where the 1/9 Air Cavalry squadron plays it on helicopter-mounted loudspeakers during their assault on a North Vietnamese-controlled village as psychological warfare and to motivate their own troops. Notes Sources Ride of the Valkyries The \"Ride of the Valkyries\" () refers to the beginning of act 3 of \"Die Walküre\", the second of the four operas constituting Richard Wagner's \"Der Ring des Nibelungen\". As a separate piece, the \"Ride\" is often heard in a purely instrumental version, which may be as short as three minutes. Together with the \"Bridal Chorus\" from","title":"Ride of the Valkyries"},{"id":"138120","text":"began filming \"Apocalypse Now\", an adaptation of Joseph Conrad's \"Heart of Darkness\" set in Cambodia during the Vietnam War (Coppola himself briefly appears as a TV news director). The production of the film was plagued by numerous problems, including typhoons, nervous breakdowns, the firing of Harvey Keitel, Martin Sheen's heart attack, extras from the Philippine military and half of the supplied helicopters leaving in the middle of scenes to go fight rebels and an unprepared Brando with a bloated appearance (which Coppola attempted to hide by shooting him in the shadows). It was delayed so often it was nicknamed \"Apocalypse","title":"Francis Ford Coppola"},{"id":"16045093","text":"have become Abrams, (CIA Director Richard) Helms and Nixon. The only winner would have been North Vietnam.\" After the war, Francis Ford Coppola, director of the 1979 film \"Apocalypse Now\" said that the character Colonel Walter Kurtz in the film was loosely based upon Rheault, whom he had become aware of through the 1969 news accounts of the Green Beret Affair. Upon retirement from the military, Rheault served as an instructor, program leader, and later, acting president of the Hurricane Island Outward Bound School in Rockland, Maine; retiring from the school in 2001 after 32 years of service. He also","title":"Robert Rheault"},{"id":"447452","text":"One of the first major films based on the Vietnam War was John Wayne's pro-war film, \"The Green Berets\" (1968). Further cinematic representations were released during the 1970s and 1980s, including Michael Cimino's \"The Deer Hunter\" (1978), Francis Ford Coppola's \"Apocalypse Now\" (1979), Oliver Stone's \"Platoon\" (1986) – based on his service in the U.S. military during the Vietnam War, Stanley Kubrick's \"Full Metal Jacket\" (1987), \"Hamburger Hill\" (1987), \"Born on the Fourth of July\" (1989), and \"Casualties of War\" (1989). Later films would include \"We Were Soldiers\" (2002) and \"Rescue Dawn\" (2007). The war also influenced a generation of","title":"Vietnam War"},{"id":"269022","text":"and so did I.\" However, after Brando's death, the footage was reincorporated into the 2006 re-cut of the film, \"\" and in the 2006 \"loose sequel\" \"Superman Returns\", in which both used and unused archive footage of him as Jor-El from the first two \"Superman\" films was remastered for a scene in the Fortress of Solitude, and Brando's voice-overs were used throughout the film. Brando starred as Colonel Walter E. Kurtz in Francis Ford Coppola's Vietnam epic \"Apocalypse Now\" (1979). He plays a highly decorated U.S. Army Special Forces officer who goes renegade, running his own operation based in Cambodia","title":"Marlon Brando"},{"id":"138122","text":"directed by Volker Schlöndorff. When the film screened at Cannes, he quipped: \"My film is not about Vietnam, it is Vietnam.\" \"Apocalypse Now\"'s reputation has grown in time and it is now regarded by many as a masterpiece of the New Hollywood era and is frequently cited as one of the greatest movies ever made. Roger Ebert considers it to be the finest film on the Vietnam War and included it in his list for the 2002 \"Sight & Sound\" critics' poll of the greatest movies ever made. In 2001, Coppola re-released \"Apocalypse Now\" as \"Apocalypse Now Redux\", restoring several","title":"Francis Ford Coppola"},{"id":"12362707","text":"told his wife that he felt \"there is only about a 20% chance [I] can pull the film off\". He convinced United Artists executives to delay the premiere from May to October 1978. Author Michael Herr received a call from Zoetrope in January 1978 and was asked to work on the film's narration based on his well-received book about Vietnam, \"Dispatches\". Herr said that the narration already written was \"totally useless\" and spent a year writing various narrations with Coppola giving him very definite guidelines. Murch had problems trying to make a stereo soundtrack for \"Apocalypse Now\" because sound libraries","title":"Apocalypse Now"},{"id":"3458340","text":"Vietnamese mothers and then abandoned, \"Sean Flynn\" describes the photojournalist son of actor Errol Flynn who disappeared in 1970 while covering the war. Biographer Pat Gilbert describes many songs from \"Combat Rock\" as having a \"trippy, foreboding feel\", saturated in a \"colonial melancholia and sadness\" reflecting the Vietnam War. The band was hugely inspired by Francis Ford Coppola's 1979 film about the Vietnam War, \"Apocalypse Now\", and had previously released the song \"Charlie Don't Surf\" on \"Sandinista!\", which referenced the film. Other \"Combat Rock\" songs, if not directly about the Vietnam War and U.S. foreign policy, depict American society in","title":"Combat Rock"},{"id":"772704","text":"in the television film \"The Execution of Private Slovik\". Based on an incident that occurred during World War II, the film told the story of the only U.S. soldier to be executed for desertion since the American Civil War. Sheen's performance led to Francis Ford Coppola's casting him in a lead role as U.S. Army Captain Benjamin L. Willard in 1979's \"Apocalypse Now\", gaining him wide recognition. Filming in the Philippine jungle in the typhoon season of 1976, Sheen admitted he was not in great shape and was drinking heavily. For the film's legendary opening sequence in a Saigon hotel","title":"Martin Sheen"},{"id":"452205","text":"addition, the film industry was in crisis, and the army did not wish to assist in making anti-war films. From the late 1970s, independently financed and produced films showed Hollywood that Vietnam could be treated in film. Successful but very different portrayals of the war in which America had been defeated included Michael Cimino's \"The Deer Hunter\" (1978), and Francis Ford Coppola's \"Apocalypse Now\" (1979). With the shift in American politics to the right in the 1980s, military success could again be shown in films such as Oliver Stone's \"Platoon\" (1986), Stanley Kubrick's \"Full Metal Jacket\" (1987) and John Irvin's","title":"War film"},{"id":"4868767","text":"in their everyday lives, with \"Nocturne\" focusing on the extraordinary events people could not experience in real life. The team wanted \"Nocturne\" to feel like a \"journey into hell\" comparable with Dante Alighieri's \"Divine Comedy\" and Francis Ford Coppola's 1979 film \"Apocalypse Now\". Kaneko was mainly responsible for creating the inverted bubble structure of the Vortex World. This design choice was primarily inspired by similar ideas in Gnostic traditions, early science fiction, and the \"Heart Sutra\", an important scripture within Mahayana Buddhism. In contrast to previous games which offered three routes for the cast, Chaos was the only affiliation of","title":"Shin Megami Tensei: Nocturne"},{"id":"3830771","text":"the way in which colors influence our perceptions of different situations. He first worked with Bertolucci on \"The Conformist\" (1970). Set in Fascist Italy, the film has been described as a \"visual masterpiece.\" Also in 1970, he photographed \"The Bird with the Crystal Plumage\", the directorial debut of Dario Argento and a landmark film in the giallo genre. The first American film that Storaro worked on was \"Apocalypse Now\" (1979). Director Francis Ford Coppola gave him free rein on the film's visual look. \"Apocalypse Now\" earned Storaro his first Academy Award. He worked with Warren Beatty for the first time","title":"Vittorio Storaro"},{"id":"7673135","text":"Avery Corman Avery Corman (born November 28, 1935) is an American novelist. He is known for the books \"Oh, God!\" (1971) and \"Kramer vs. Kramer\" (1977) both adapted into successful films of the same names. Corman is the author of the novels \"Oh, God!\" (1971), the basis for the 1977 film; \"The Bust-Out King\" (1977); \"Kramer vs. Kramer\" (1977), which was adapted into the Academy Award-winning 1979 film of the same name; \"The Old Neighborhood\" (1980); \"50\" (1987); \"Prized Possessions\" (1991); \"The Big Hype\" (1992); \"A Perfect Divorce\" (2004); and \"The Boyfriend from Hell\" (2006). And he is the author","title":"Avery Corman"},{"id":"7513094","text":"artist. In 1967, Arthur Penn called him to take charge of the artistic direction of \"Bonnie and Clyde\". Three years later, Penn called him once again to design \"Little Big Man\". But it was working with Francis Ford Coppola in 1972 on \"The Godfather\" that set the creative tone of his career. \"The Godfather Part II\" and \"The Conversation\", in 1974, consolidated their collaboration, and laid the way for what was to be their joint creative challenge: \"Apocalypse Now\", the film for which Tavoularis created a nightmare jungle kingdom, inspired by Angkor Wat. It was also on the set of","title":"Dean Tavoularis"},{"id":"138121","text":"When?\" The 1991 documentary film \"\", directed by Eleanor Coppola (Francis's wife), Fax Bahr and George Hickenlooper, chronicles the difficulties the crew went through making \"Apocalypse Now\" and features behind-the-scenes footage filmed by Eleanor. After filming \"Apocalypse Now\", Coppola famously stated: \"We were in the jungle, there were too many of us, we had access to too much money, too much equipment and little by little, we went insane.\" The film was overwhelmingly lauded by critics when it finally appeared in 1979 and was selected for the 1979 Cannes Film Festival, winning the Palme d'Or along with \"The Tin Drum\",","title":"Francis Ford Coppola"},{"id":"1987380","text":"and to start writing professionally. After mixed success with two attempts at literary mainstream novels in the mid-1970s (\"Marriages\" and \"Under Venus\"), Straub dabbled in the supernatural for the first time with \"Julia\" (1975). He then wrote \"If You Could See Me Now\" (1977), and came to widespread public attention with his fifth novel, \"Ghost Story\" (1979), which was a critical success and was later loosely adapted into a 1981 film starring Fred Astaire. Several horror novels followed, with growing success, including \"The Talisman\" and \"Black House\", two fantasy-horror collaborations with Straub's long-time friend and fellow author Stephen King. After","title":"Peter Straub"},{"id":"12362701","text":"schedule and $2 million over budget; he had to offer his car, house, and \"The Godfather\" profits as security to finish the film. Coppola flew back to the U.S. in June 1976. He read a book about Genghis Khan to get a better handle on the character of Kurtz. After filming commenced, Marlon Brando arrived in Manila very overweight and began working with Coppola to rewrite the ending. The director downplayed Brando's weight by dressing him in black, photographing only his face, and having another, taller actor double for him in an attempt to portray Kurtz as an almost mythical","title":"Apocalypse Now"},{"id":"12362682","text":"is still clear. It is often speculated that Coppola's interpretation of the Kurtz character was modeled after Tony Poe, a highly decorated Vietnam-era paramilitary officer from the CIA's Special Activities Division. Poe's actions in Vietnam and in the 'Secret War' in neighbouring Laos, in particular his highly unorthodox and often savage methods of waging war, show many similarities to those of the fictional Kurtz; for example, Poe was known to drop severed heads into enemy-controlled villages as a form of psychological warfare and use human ears to record the number of enemies his indigenous troops had killed. He would send","title":"Apocalypse Now"},{"id":"19101851","text":"the United States, the narrator describes being an expatriate and a cultural advisor on the filming of an American film, closely resembling \"Platoon\" and \"Apocalypse Now\", before returning to Vietnam as part of a guerrilla raid against the communists. The dual identity of the narrator, as a mole and immigrant, and the Americanization of the Vietnam War in international literature are central themes in the novel. The novel was published 40 years to the month after the fall of Saigon, which is the initial scene of the book. Set as the flashback in a coerced confession of a political prisoner,","title":"The Sympathizer"},{"id":"18280041","text":"\"Godzilla\") wrote the first draft, while John Gatins was hired to write the second draft. In writing the script, Borenstein didn't want to repeat the \"Beauty and the Beast\" plot synonymous with \"King Kong\" movies, and took into account the outdated elements of the treatment of the island natives and the damsel in distress. His initial influence was \"Apocalypse Now\", revealing, Before Vogt-Roberts signed on as director, Borenstein had the idea of having the film begin during the Vietnam War and jump forward to the present day. After it was rejected, Borenstein instead had the film take place before the","title":"Kong: Skull Island"},{"id":"4806578","text":"she spent three months befriending the prostitutes who worked on a single long street in Bombay. Her project \"Streets of the Lost\" with writer Cheryl McCall, for \"Life\", produced her book \"Streetwise\" (1988) and was developed into the documentary film \"Streetwise\", directed by her husband Martin Bell and with a soundtrack by Tom Waits. Mark was also a unit photographer on movie sets, shooting production stills of more than 100 movies including Arthur Penn's \"Alice's Restaurant\" (1969), Mike Nichols' \"Catch-22\" (1970), \"Carnal Knowledge\" (1971) and Francis Ford Coppola's \"Apocalypse Now\" (1979) through to Baz Luhrmann's \"Australia\" (2008). For \"Look\" magazine,","title":"Mary Ellen Mark"},{"id":"12362713","text":"save for '\"Copyright 1979 Omni Zoetrope\"' right after the film ends. This mirrors the lack of any opening titles and supposedly stems from Coppola's original intention to \"tour\" the film as one would a play: the credits would have appeared on printed programs provided before the screening began. There have been, to date, many variations of the end credit sequence, beginning with the 35mm general release version, where Coppola elected to show the credits superimposed over shots of the jungle exploding into flames. Rental prints circulated with this ending, and can be found in the hands of a few collectors.","title":"Apocalypse Now"},{"id":"2752042","text":"she has nonetheless written two successful books. Her first book, \"Notes on the Making of Apocalypse Now\", recorded the film's journey from 1976 to 1979. Her detailed note-taking continued in other areas of her life as she collected and wrote about her life's major events. With notes consisting of thirty year time span, Eleanor would go on to write the book \"Notes on a Life\". The memoir \"Notes on a Life\" follows thirty years of Eleanor Coppola's life as she juggles raising children and being there for Francis as he directs films that move the family from place to place.","title":"Eleanor Coppola"},{"id":"3099223","text":"became recognized as a classic of post-World War II literature, both in Germany and around the world. A translation into English by Ralph Manheim was published in 1961. A new 50th anniversary translation into English by Breon Mitchell was published in 2009. In 1979 a film adaptation appeared by Volker Schlöndorff. It covers only Books 1 and 2, concluding at the end of the war. It shared the 1979 Cannes Film Festival Palme d'Or with \"Apocalypse Now\". It also won the Oscar for Best Foreign Language Film of 1979 at the 1980 Academy Awards. In 1996 a radio dramatisation starring","title":"The Tin Drum"},{"id":"12362717","text":"the \"Redux\" version is a chapter involving the de Marais family's rubber plantation, a holdover from the colonization of French Indochina, featuring Coppola's two sons Gian-Carlo and Roman as children of the family. Around the dinner table, a young French child recites a poem by Charles Baudelaire entitled L'Albatros. The French family patriarch is not satisfied with the child's recitation. The child is sent away. These scenes were removed from the 1979 cut, which premiered at Cannes. In behind-the-scenes footage in \"Hearts of Darkness\", Coppola expresses his anger, on the set, at the technical limitations of the shot scenes, the","title":"Apocalypse Now"},{"id":"12839937","text":"\"It's hard to sum it up really. Perhaps that's why people when they get back from this place always say the same thing, Vietnam: You don't know, man! You weren't there!\" In homage to film-maker Francis Ford Coppola and his Vietnam War epic \"Apocalypse Now\", the end credits replaced each crew members first name with the words \"Francis Ford\" (e.g. \"Francis Ford Clarkson\", \"Francis Ford Hammond\", etc.). To assist with production of the special, the BBC partnered itself with Hanuman Films, a production company involved in film and television shoots within south-east Asia, and who had worked before with the","title":"Top Gear: Vietnam Special"},{"id":"879695","text":"The Exorcist (novel) The Exorcist is a 1971 horror novel by American writer William Peter Blatty. The book details the demonic possession of twelve-year-old Regan MacNeil, the daughter of a famous actress, and the two priests who attempt to exorcise the demon. Published by Harper & Row, the novel was the basis of a highly successful film adaption released two years later, whose screenplay was also written and produced by Blatty, and part of \"The Exorcist\" franchise. The novel was inspired by a 1949 case of demonic possession and exorcism that Blatty heard about while he was a student in","title":"The Exorcist (novel)"},{"id":"12362722","text":"Philippines and said, \"We had access to too much money, too much equipment, and little by little we went insane\", and \"My film is not about Vietnam, it \"is\" Vietnam\". The filmmaker upset newspaper critic Rex Reed who reportedly stormed out of the conference. \"Apocalypse Now\" won the Palme d'Or for best film along with Volker Schlöndorff's \"The Tin Drum\" – a decision that was reportedly greeted with \"some boos and jeers from the audience\". \"Apocalypse Now\" performed well at the box office when it opened in August 1979. The film initially opened in one theater in New York City,","title":"Apocalypse Now"},{"id":"14069115","text":"flaws\", which he said included its cruel comedy and heavy-handed irony. According to Powers, one ought to \"read it as a burlesque of '\"An American Tragedy\",' as a spoof of Angry British fiction, as a frightening condemnation of love. There is no end to the possibilities.\" The novel was brought to the attention of Francis Ford Coppola by actor Tony Bill, who wanted to play Bernard in any movie adaptation. But Coppola cast instead Peter Kastner, a young Canadian actor. Coppola optioned the film for $1,000, and drafted a script in his spare time while working on the film \"Is","title":"You're a Big Boy Now (novel)"},{"id":"402767","text":"necessarily dangerous. But people fear death even more than pain. It's strange that they fear death. Life hurts a lot more than death. At the point of death, the pain is over. Yeah – I guess it is a friend... In \"The End\", the vocal interlude of the final minutes was mixed down to make Morrison's repeated use of the word \"fuck\" unintelligible. The song would be featured prominently in Francis Ford Coppola's 1979 Vietnam War film \"Apocalypse Now\". \"Break On Through (To the Other Side)\" was released as the group's first single but it was relatively unsuccessful, peaking at","title":"The Doors (album)"},{"id":"12362685","text":"words: Did he live his life again in every detail of desire, temptation, and surrender during that supreme moment of complete knowledge? He cried in a whisper at some image, at some vision, – he cried out twice, a cry that was no more than a breath – When Willard is first introduced to Dennis Hopper's character, the photojournalist describes his own worth in relation to that of Kurtz with: \"I should have been a pair of ragged claws/Scuttling across the floors of silent seas\", from \"The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock\". While working as an assistant for Francis","title":"Apocalypse Now"},{"id":"12362678","text":"him after his death. That night, as the Montagnards ceremonially slaughter a water buffalo, Willard stealthily enters Kurtz's chamber, as he is making a recording, and attacks him with a machete. Mortally wounded, Kurtz utters \"...The horror ... the horror ...\" and dies. All in the compound see Willard departing, carrying a collection of Kurtz's writings, and bow down to him. Willard then leads Lance to the boat and the duo motor away. Kurtz's final words echo eerily as everything fades to black. Although inspired by Joseph Conrad's \"Heart of Darkness\", the film deviates extensively from its source material. The","title":"Apocalypse Now"},{"id":"1980913","text":"of the \"Time Out Film Guide\" has compared \"Stalker\" to Francis Ford Coppola's \"Apocalypse Now\", also released in 1979, and argued that \"as a journey to the heart of darkness\" \"Stalker\" looks \"a good deal more persuasive than Coppola's.\" As well, \"Slant Magazine\" reviewer Nick Schager has praised the film as an \"endlessly pliable allegory about human consciousness\". In Schager's view \"Stalker\" shows \"something akin to the essence of what man is made of: a tangled knot of memories, fears, fantasies, nightmares, paradoxical impulses, and a yearning for something that's simultaneously beyond our reach and yet intrinsic to every one","title":"Stalker (1979 film)"},{"id":"485773","text":"and a Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2005). Francis Ford Coppola ('67) was the director of the gangster film trilogy \"The Godfather\" and the Vietnam War film \"Apocalypse Now\" and Dustin Lance Black is the Academy Award-winning screenwriter of the film Milk. Meb Keflezighi ('98) is the winner of the 2014 Boston Marathon. UCLA also boasts an excellent military background, with hundreds of alumni serving their nation. Carlton Skinner was a U.S. Navy Commander who racially integrated the service at the end of World War II on the . He was also the first civilian governor of Guam. Francis B.","title":"University of California, Los Angeles"},{"id":"2929903","text":"William Peter Blatty William Peter Blatty (January 7, 1928 – January 12, 2017) was an American writer and filmmaker best known for his 1971 novel \"The Exorcist\" and for the Academy Award-winning screenplay of its film adaptation. He also wrote and directed the sequel \"The Exorcist III\". After the success of \"The Exorcist\", Blatty reworked \"Twinkle, Twinkle, \"Killer\" Kane!\" (1960) into a new novel titled \"The Ninth Configuration\", published in 1978. Two years later, Blatty adapted the novel into a film of the same title and won Best Screenplay at the 1981 Golden Globe Awards. Some of his other notable","title":"William Peter Blatty"},{"id":"5543234","text":"Carmine and Francis Ford Coppola (with some tracks co-composed by Mickey Hart and Richard Hansen). The first track is an abridged version of The Doors' eleven-minute epic \"The End\". All songs written by Carmine Coppola and Francis Ford Coppola, except where noted: Apocalypse Now Redux Apocalypse Now Redux is a 2001 extended version of Francis Ford Coppola's epic war film \"Apocalypse Now\", which was originally released in 1979. Coppola, along with editor/longtime collaborator Walter Murch, added 49 minutes of material that had been removed from the original film. It represents a significant re-edit of the original version. Francis Ford Coppola","title":"Apocalypse Now Redux"},{"id":"12362683","text":"these ears back to his superiors as proof of the efficacy of his operations deep inside Laos. Coppola denies that Poe was a primary influence and says the character was loosely based on Special Forces Colonel Robert B. Rheault, who was the actual head of 5th Special Forces Group (May to July 1969), and whose 1969 arrest over the murder of suspected double agent Thai Khac Chuyen in Nha Trang generated substantial contemporary news coverage, in the Green Beret Affair, including making public the phrase \"terminate with extreme prejudice\", which was used prominently in the movie. In the film, shortly","title":"Apocalypse Now"},{"id":"2162607","text":"their first movies was going to be \"East of Suez\", written and directed by Milius. It was not made. However, the following year saw the release of \"Apocalypse Now\", directed by Francis Ford Coppola. Coppola rewrote the script, which Milius disliked. \"He wanted to ruin it, liberalize it, and turn it into \"Hair\",\" said Milius in 1976. \"He sees himself as a great humanitarian, an enlightened soul who will tell you such wonderful things as he does at the end of GODFATHER II-that crime doesn't pay ... Talent-wise, he's no John Ford; character-wise, he's no Steve Spielberg. Francis can't stand","title":"John Milius"},{"id":"4423279","text":"he locates in the medium of Goethe's prose) in favour of the possibility of an as yet unencountered (and, in principle, unimaginable) \"freedom\". Typically, Benjamin locates this experience in art, which is, according to him, alone able, through mediation, to transcend the powers of myth. A 1974 East German film with the same title was directed by Siegfried Kühn for the DEFA film studio. Francis Ford Coppola, in the grip of clinical manic depression and anxiety over his incomplete opus \"Apocalypse Now\", and while purportedly under the influence of his girlfriend, screenwriter Melissa Mathison, proposed making a \"ten-hour film version","title":"Elective Affinities"},{"id":"1402520","text":"in \"The Seven-Per-Cent Solution\" opposite Nicol Williamson, Alan Arkin, Vanessa Redgrave, and Laurence Olivier. Duvall received another Oscar nomination for Best Supporting Actor and won both a BAFTA Award and Golden Globe Award for his role as Lt. Colonel Kilgore in \"Apocalypse Now\" (1979). His line \"I love the smell of napalm in the morning\" from \"Apocalypse Now\" is regarded as iconic in cinema history. The full text is: Duvall received a BAFTA Award nomination for his portrayal of detestable television executive Frank Hackett in the critically acclaimed film \"Network\" (1976) and garnered an Oscar nomination for Best Actor in","title":"Robert Duvall"},{"id":"15790485","text":"Apocalypse Oz Apocalypse Oz is a 2006 short film. It is based on the novels \"Heart of Darkness\" by Joseph Conrad and \"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\" by L. Frank Baum. The script is a hybrid of the two classic films \"Apocalypse Now\" and \"The Wizard of Oz\", and uses only dialogue from these films. Dorothy Willard, an Amerasian product of the Vietnam War, is tired of living with her abusive foster parents in Kansas. Dorothy decides that \"there's no horror like home\" and accepts a dream mission that takes her deep into the desert to hunt down and \"terminate","title":"Apocalypse Oz"},{"id":"832663","text":"Mario Puzo Mario Gianluigi Puzo (; October 15, 1920 – July 2, 1999) was an American author, screenwriter and journalist. He is known for his crime novels about the Mafia, most notably \"The Godfather\" (1969), which he later co-adapted into a three-part film saga directed by Francis Ford Coppola. He received the Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay for the first film in 1972 and \"Part II\" in 1974. Puzo also wrote the original screenplay for the 1978 \"Superman\" film. His novel \"The Family\", was released posthumously in 2001. Puzo was born in the Hell's Kitchen area of New York","title":"Mario Puzo"},{"id":"6324878","text":"as Truman Capote, Norman Mailer, and Tom Wolfe. Herr was born in Lexington, Kentucky, the son of a jeweler, and grew up in Syracuse, New York. His family was Jewish. After working with \"Esquire\" in the 1960s, from 1971 to 1975 he published nothing. Then, in 1977, he went on the road with rock and roller Ted Nugent and wrote about the experience in a 1978 cover story for \"Crawdaddy\" magazine. Also in 1977, he published \"Dispatches\", upon which his reputation mostly rests. Herr contributed to the narration for Francis Ford Coppola's \"Apocalypse Now\" (1979). He co-wrote the screenplay for","title":"Michael Herr"},{"id":"211080","text":"in a \"writers walk\" commemorates Conrad's visits to Australia between 1879 and 1892. The plaque notes that \"Many of his works reflect his 'affection for that young continent.'\" In San Francisco in 1979, a small triangular square at Columbus Avenue and Beach Street, near Fisherman's Wharf, was dedicated as \"Joseph Conrad Square\" after Conrad. The square's dedication was timed to coincide with release of Francis Ford Coppola's \"Heart of Darkness\"-inspired film, \"Apocalypse Now\". In the latter part of World War II, the Royal Navy cruiser \"HMS Danae\" was rechristened ORP \"Conrad\" and served as part of the Polish Navy. Notwithstanding","title":"Joseph Conrad"},{"id":"18280042","text":"original \"King Kong\" film in 1917 during World War I while keeping the \"Apocalypse Now\" concept, and the premise had Tom Hiddleston's character leading a rescue team to Skull Island to find his missing brother, who had gotten stranded there while searching for a \"Titan Serum\" believed to cure all illnesses. After this, the story was again retooled to take place in the present day. After Jordan Vogt-Roberts joined the project, he met with Borenstein and, liking the \"Apocalypse Now\" concept, pitched it to Legendary with the idea of the story taking place at the end of the Vietnam War,","title":"Kong: Skull Island"},{"id":"5543225","text":"Apocalypse Now Redux Apocalypse Now Redux is a 2001 extended version of Francis Ford Coppola's epic war film \"Apocalypse Now\", which was originally released in 1979. Coppola, along with editor/longtime collaborator Walter Murch, added 49 minutes of material that had been removed from the original film. It represents a significant re-edit of the original version. Francis Ford Coppola began production on the new cut with working-partner Kim Aubry. Coppola then tried to get Murch, who was reluctant at first. He thought it would be extremely difficult recutting a film that had taken two years to edit originally. He later changed","title":"Apocalypse Now Redux"},{"id":"2929919","text":"in \"The Modern Weird Tale: A Critique of Horror Fiction\" (2001). Essays studying all Blatty's novels can be found in Benjamin Szumskyj's \"\" (McFarland, 2008). Awards include: William Peter Blatty William Peter Blatty (January 7, 1928 – January 12, 2017) was an American writer and filmmaker best known for his 1971 novel \"The Exorcist\" and for the Academy Award-winning screenplay of its film adaptation. He also wrote and directed the sequel \"The Exorcist III\". After the success of \"The Exorcist\", Blatty reworked \"Twinkle, Twinkle, \"Killer\" Kane!\" (1960) into a new novel titled \"The Ninth Configuration\", published in 1978. Two years","title":"William Peter Blatty"},{"id":"18142818","text":"the acting of Emily Blunt, Benicio del Toro, and Josh Brolin. He stated that although her character Kate Macer was implausible, Emily Blunt \"brazens out any possible absurdity with great acting focus and front\". Chris Ryan of \"Grantland\" compared \"Sicario\" to the 1979 film \"Apocalypse Now\" directed by Francis Ford Coppola, noting an analogy between the former's themes with respect to the Mexican Drug War and the latter's with respect to the Vietnam War. He also stated that the characters Alejandro Gillick and Matt Graver in \"Sicario\" resemble those of Colonel Walter E. Kurtz and Lieutenant Colonel William Kilgore, respectively,","title":"Sicario (2015 film)"},{"id":"1589334","text":"delayed, until its eventual release in September 2013. Francis Ford Coppola is making the film for which he will always be remembered—an adaptation of \"Dracula\" starring Marlon Brando as Dracula and Martin Sheen as Jonathan Harker. (It is a variation of \"Apocalypse Now\", complete with all the famous quotes and mishaps during filming, albeit in Romania instead of the Philippines.) The film crew is befriended by a young-looking vampire, who leaves with them when they return to America. \"Coppola's Dracula\" won the International Horror Guild Award for Best Long Fiction, and was nominated for the Bram Stoker Award for Best","title":"Anno Dracula series"},{"id":"12362684","text":"before Colonel Kurtz dies, he recites part of T. S. Eliot's poem \"The Hollow Men\". The poem is preceded in printed editions by the epigraph \"Mistah Kurtz – he dead\", a quotation from Conrad's \"Heart of Darkness\". Two books seen opened on Kurtz's desk in the film are \"From Ritual to Romance\" by Jessie Weston and \"The Golden Bough\" by Sir James Frazer, the two books that Eliot cited as the chief sources and inspiration for his poem \"The Waste Land\". Eliot's original epigraph for \"The Waste Land\" was this passage from \"Heart of Darkness\", which ends with Kurtz's final","title":"Apocalypse Now"},{"id":"7445862","text":"with a massive gunfight in a Mexican border town. The title originates from \"terminate with extreme prejudice,\" a phrase popularized by \"Apocalypse Now\", also written by Milius. The lead character of Jack Benteen (Nolte) was loosely based on Joaquin Jackson. Nolte spent three weeks in Texas with Jackson learning the day-to-day activities of a Ranger. Nolte took what he learned and incorporated it into his character's the mannerisms and dress. A teletype message flashes across the screen ... At the airport in El Paso, Texas, five U.S. Army sergeants meet up with Major Paul Hackett (Michael Ironside), the leader of","title":"Extreme Prejudice (film)"},{"id":"138123","text":"sequences lost from the original 1979 cut of the film, thereby expanding its length to 200 minutes. \"Apocalypse Now\" marked the end of the golden phase of Coppola's career. His musical fantasy \"One from the Heart\", although pioneering the use of video-editing techniques which are standard practice in the film industry today, ended with a disastrous box-office gross of $636,796 against a US$26 million budget, far from enough to recoup the costs incurred in the production of the movie and he was forced to sell his 23-acre Zoetrope Studio in 1983. He would spend the rest of the decade working","title":"Francis Ford Coppola"},{"id":"544819","text":"he was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor; and Jack Ryan in the action films \"Patriot Games\" (1992) and \"Clear and Present Danger\" (1994). His career spans six decades and includes roles in several Hollywood blockbusters, including the epic war film \"Apocalypse Now\" (1979), the legal drama \"Presumed Innocent\" (1990), the action film \"The Fugitive\" (1993), the political action thriller \"Air Force One\" (1997), and the psychological thriller \"What Lies Beneath\" (2000). Seven of his films have been inducted into the National Film Registry: \"American Graffiti\" (1973), \"The Conversation\" (1974), \"Star Wars\" (1977), \"Apocalypse Now\" (1979), \"The Empire","title":"Harrison Ford"},{"id":"13968626","text":"hundred man-days for military personnel taken away from their regular duties. Two UH-1H Hueys make up part of the attack package on Ernst Stavro Blofeld's oil rig command center at the climax of the 1971 James Bond film \"Diamonds Are Forever\". The UH-1 was in Francis Ford Coppola's 1979 epic \"Apocalypse Now\". Several Hueys were rented from the Philippine Air force. UH-1s were prominently featured in Oliver Stone's 1986 film \"Platoon\". The 1990 film \"Air America\", about the CIA's proprietary airline during the war in Southeast Asia, featured the ubiquitous Huey helicopter. A Bell 205 is used as a mountain","title":"Aircraft in fiction"},{"id":"832667","text":"more important in the next work to support his five children on a government clerk's salary. He was looking to write something that would appeal to the masses. He found his audience with the novel, which became the top bestseller for months on the \"New York Times\" Best Seller List. The book was later developed into the film \"The Godfather\", directed by Francis Ford Coppola. The film received three awards of the eleven Oscar category nominations, including Puzo's Oscar for Best Adapted Screenplay. Coppola and Puzo then collaborated on sequels to the original film, \"The Godfather Part II\" and \"The","title":"Mario Puzo"},{"id":"832671","text":"Last Christmas\", were written under the pseudonym Mario Cleri. Mario Puzo Mario Gianluigi Puzo (; October 15, 1920 – July 2, 1999) was an American author, screenwriter and journalist. He is known for his crime novels about the Mafia, most notably \"The Godfather\" (1969), which he later co-adapted into a three-part film saga directed by Francis Ford Coppola. He received the Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay for the first film in 1972 and \"Part II\" in 1974. Puzo also wrote the original screenplay for the 1978 \"Superman\" film. His novel \"The Family\", was released posthumously in 2001. Puzo was","title":"Mario Puzo"},{"id":"2810799","text":"of Francis Ford Coppola's film \"Apocalypse Now\": \"The horror... the horror...\", which in turn was adapted from Joseph Conrad's novel \"Heart of Darkness\". \"College Roomies from Hell!!!\" has been nominated for several Web Cartoonists' Choice Awards, winning \"Best Writing\" and \"Best Serial Comic\" in 2001, and \"Outstanding Character Development\" in 2002. Campos-Rebolledo went on to create the webcomic \"Power Nap\" in collaboration with the artist Bachan. College Roomies from Hell!!! College Roomies from Hell!!! or CRFH!!! as it is known to fans, is a webcomic strip by Maritza Campos-Rebolledo. It started January 1, 1999. Since 2010 it updated only sporadically","title":"College Roomies from Hell!!!"},{"id":"7429847","text":"Walküre\". At the conclusion of the film the \"Lacrimosa\" from Mozart's \"Requiem\" is played. Initial reception was positive. Walter Goodman wrote for \"The New York Times\" that \"The history is harrowing and the presentation is graphic...Powerful material, powerfully rendered...\", and dismissed the ending as \"a dose of instant inspirationalism,\" but conceded to Klimov's \"unquestionable talent.\" Rita Kempley, of the \"Washington Post\", wrote that \"directing with an angry eloquence, [Klimov] taps into that hallucinatory nether world of blood and mud and escalating madness that Francis Ford Coppola found in \"Apocalypse Now.\" And though he draws a surprisingly vivid performance from his","title":"Come and See"},{"id":"12362711","text":"Now\" was released in the U.S. in only 15 theaters equipped to play the Dolby Stereo 70mm prints with stereo surround sound. At the time of its release, discussion and rumors circulated about the supposed various endings for \"Apocalypse Now\". Coppola said the original ending was written in haste, where Kurtz convinced Willard to join forces and together they repelled the air strike on the compound. Coppola said he never fully agreed with the Kurtz and Willard dying in fatalistic explosive intensity, preferring to end the film in a more encouraging manner. When Coppola originally organized the ending, he considered","title":"Apocalypse Now"},{"id":"12362725","text":"everything that has been attempted by an American filmmaker in a very long time\". Other reviews were less positive; Frank Rich in \"Time\" said: \"While much of the footage is breathtaking, \"Apocalypse Now\" is emotionally obtuse and intellectually empty\". Vincent Canby argued, \"Mr. Coppola himself describes it as \"operatic,\" but ... Apocalypse Now is neither a tone poem nor an opera. It's an adventure yarn with delusions of grandeur, a movie that ends—in the all-too-familiar words of the poet Mr. Coppola drags in by the bootstraps—not with a bang, but a whimper.\" Ebert added Coppola's film to his list of","title":"Apocalypse Now"},{"id":"148126","text":"discarded that in favor of a film about the Vietnam War. They met in England, and the director told Herr that he wanted to do a war film but had yet to find a story to adapt. Kubrick discovered Gustav Hasford's novel \"The Short-Timers\" (1979) while reading the \"Virginia Kirkus Review.\" Herr received it in bound galleys and thought that it was a masterpiece. In 1982, Kubrick read the novel twice, concluding that it \"was a unique, absolutely wonderful book\", and decided, along with Herr, to adapt it for his next film. According to Kubrick, he was drawn to the","title":"Full Metal Jacket"},{"id":"1875230","text":"Friedkin as director, before Blatty returned to \"Twinkle, Twinkle, \"Killer\" Kane\". In lieu of filming the novel, Blatty decided to rewrite it: \"After \"The Exorcist\", I decided that I could develop the story a great deal. So I rewrote it and fleshed it out, Cutshaw became the astronaut in the Exorcist that Regan warns about going into outer space and fully developed the deeper implications and theological themes.\" The rewritten version of \"Twinkle, Twinkle, \"Killer\" Kane\" was published in 1978 under the title \"The Ninth Configuration\". Blatty has said that he prefers the first version of the book to the","title":"The Ninth Configuration"},{"id":"18360495","text":"and full-on warfare, comparing it to [[Francis Ford Coppola]]'s 1979 [[Vietnam War]] epic \"[[Apocalypse Now]]\". A [[showreel]] was also shown during the event, which featured footage from the film, cut with behind-the-scenes shots and interviews with the director and cast members. The second trailer was shown publicly during a broadcast of the [[2016 Summer Olympics]] and received favourable media reviews; \"[[Wired (magazine)|Wired]]\" stated that the trailer was \"littered with nostalgic throwbacks to the original trilogy\", while \"[[Rolling Stone]]\" described the CGI landscape shots seen in the footage as \"eye-poppingly gorgeous\". A further trailer released in October 2016 prompted \"The Hollywood","title":"Rogue One"},{"id":"12922743","text":"similar to the premonitions seen in the Final Destination franchise. Otto hums Richard Wagner's \"Ride of the Valkyries\" while believing he is flying a helicopter, a reference to the helicopter attack sequence in the 1979 film \"Apocalypse Now\". The \"Ode to Joy\" segment of Ludwig van Beethoven's Symphony No. 9, Frédéric Chopin's \"Fantasie Impromptu 66\" and \"Gonna Fly Now\", the theme from the 1976 film \"Rocky\" are both played in the episode, while Ralph sings \"Wannabe\" by the Spice Girls. Since airing, the episode received mixed reviews from television critics. Steve Heisler of \"The A.V. Club\" wrote: \"I'm sorry, but","title":"How the Test Was Won"},{"id":"3487872","text":"A Bend in the River A Bend in the River is a 1979 novel by Nobel laureate V. S. Naipaul. The novel, telling the story of Salim, a merchant in post-colonial mid-20th Century Africa, is one of Naipaul's best known works and was widely praised. It was shortlisted for the Booker Prize in 1979. In 1998, the Modern Library ranked \"A Bend in the River\" #83 on its list of the 100 best English-language novels of the 20th century. \"A Bend in the River\" has also been criticized for a perceived defence of European colonialism in Africa. Set in an","title":"A Bend in the River"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"id\": \"2752208\",\n \"text\": \"Hearts of Darkness: A Filmmaker's Apocalypse Hearts of Darkness: A Filmmaker's Apocalypse is a 1991 American documentary film about the production of \\\"Apocalypse Now,\\\" the 1979 Vietnam War epic directed by Francis Ford Coppola. The title is derived from the Joseph Conrad novella \\\"Heart of Darkness\\\", the source material for \\\"Apocalypse Now\\\". Using behind-the-scenes footage, and narrated by Eleanor Coppola, the documentary chronicles how production problems—among them bad weather, actors' poor health, and other issues—delayed the film, increasing costs and nearly destroying the life and career of its director, her husband, Francis Ford Coppola. In 1990, Coppola turned her material\",\n \"title\": \"Hearts of Darkness: A Filmmaker's Apocalypse\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2752213\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Tropic Thunder\\\" parodies both \\\"Hearts of Darkness\\\" and \\\"Apocalypse Now\\\". The animated series \\\"Eek! The Cat\\\" also did a parody episode \\\"Eekpocalypse Now!\\\" Season 2, Episode 5A. Other documentaries about troubled movie productions: Hearts of Darkness: A Filmmaker's Apocalypse Hearts of Darkness: A Filmmaker's Apocalypse is a 1991 American documentary film about the production of \\\"Apocalypse Now,\\\" the 1979 Vietnam War epic directed by Francis Ford Coppola. The title is derived from the Joseph Conrad novella \\\"Heart of Darkness\\\", the source material for \\\"Apocalypse Now\\\". Using behind-the-scenes footage, and narrated by Eleanor Coppola, the documentary chronicles how production problems—among them\",\n \"title\": \"Hearts of Darkness: A Filmmaker's Apocalypse\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12362739\",\n \"text\": \"Apocalypse Now Apocalypse Now is a 1979 American epic war film directed, produced, and co-written by Francis Ford Coppola. It stars Marlon Brando, Robert Duvall, Martin Sheen, Frederic Forrest, Albert Hall, Sam Bottoms, Laurence Fishburne, and Dennis Hopper. The screenplay, co-written by Coppola and John Milius (who received an Oscar nomination for Best Adapted Screenplay) and featuring narration written by Michael Herr, is an updating of Joseph Conrad's novella \\\"Heart of Darkness\\\". The setting was changed from late 19th-century Congo to the Vietnam War \\\"ca.\\\" 1969–70, the years in which Green Beret Colonel Robert Rheault, commander of the 5th Special\",\n \"title\": \"Apocalypse Now\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12362669\",\n \"text\": \"Apocalypse Now Apocalypse Now is a 1979 American epic war film directed, produced, and co-written by Francis Ford Coppola. It stars Marlon Brando, Robert Duvall, Martin Sheen, Frederic Forrest, Albert Hall, Sam Bottoms, Laurence Fishburne, and Dennis Hopper. The screenplay, co-written by Coppola and John Milius (who received an Oscar nomination for Best Adapted Screenplay) and featuring narration written by Michael Herr, is an updating of Joseph Conrad's novella \\\"Heart of Darkness\\\". The setting was changed from late 19th-century Congo to the Vietnam War \\\"ca.\\\" 1969–70, the years in which Green Beret Colonel Robert Rheault, commander of the 5th Special\",\n \"title\": \"Apocalypse Now\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12362686\",\n \"text\": \"Ford Coppola on \\\"The Rain People\\\", George Lucas and Steven Spielberg encouraged their friend and filmmaker John Milius to write a Vietnam War film. Milius had wanted to volunteer for the war, and was disappointed when he was rejected for having asthma. Milius came up with the idea for adapting the plot of Joseph Conrad's \\\"Heart of Darkness\\\" to the Vietnam War setting. He had read the novel when he was a teenager and was reminded about it by one of his college lecturers who had mentioned the several unsuccessful attempts to adapt it into a movie. Screenwriter John Milius\",\n \"title\": \"Apocalypse Now\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14052192\",\n \"text\": \"Colonel Kurtz Colonel Walter E. Kurtz, portrayed by Marlon Brando, is a fictional character and the main antagonist of Francis Ford Coppola's film \\\"Apocalypse Now\\\" (1979). Colonel Kurtz is based on the character of a nineteenth-century ivory trader, also called Kurtz, from the novella \\\"Heart of Darkness\\\" (1899) by Joseph Conrad. Walter Kurtz was a career officer in the United States Army; he was a third-generation West Point graduate who had risen through the ranks and was seen to be destined for a top post within the Pentagon. A dossier read by the narrator, Captain Willard, implies that Kurtz saw\",\n \"title\": \"Colonel Kurtz\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1382628\",\n \"text\": \"US gave it their \\\"Best Cinematography\\\" Award. It won the prestigious Grand Prix of the Belgian Film Critics Association in 1976 and was nominated for a \\\"Best Film\\\" César Award. Francis Ford Coppola's 1979 film \\\"Apocalypse Now\\\", a film based on Joseph Conrad's 1902 novella \\\"Heart of Darkness\\\", was influenced also by \\\"Aguirre\\\", as it contains seemingly deliberate visual \\\"quotations\\\" of Herzog's film. Coppola himself has noted, \\\"\\\"Aguirre\\\", with its incredible imagery, was a very strong influence. I'd be remiss if I didn't mention it.\\\" Several critics have noted that \\\"Aguirre\\\" appears to have had a direct influence on several\",\n \"title\": \"Aguirre, the Wrath of God\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12362680\",\n \"text\": \"is the pilot of a river boat sent to collect ivory from Kurtz's outpost, only gradually becoming infatuated with Kurtz. In fact, when he discovers Kurtz in terrible health, Marlow makes an effort to bring him home safely. In the film, Willard is an assassin dispatched to kill Kurtz. Nevertheless, the depiction of Kurtz as a god-like leader of a tribe of natives and his malarial fever, Kurtz's written exclamation \\\"Exterminate all the brutes!\\\" (which appears in the film as \\\"Drop the bomb. Exterminate them all!\\\") and his last words \\\"The horror! The horror!\\\" are taken from Conrad's novella. Coppola\",\n \"title\": \"Apocalypse Now\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1749273\",\n \"text\": \"circumstances and remote settings to assert power over others. It is widely believed that Conrad drew influence from these characters, as well as Stevenson's plot lines, when writing \\\"Heart of Darkness\\\". In the 1958 loose adaptation for the CBS television anthology series \\\"Playhouse 90\\\" Kurtz was played by Boris Karloff. This version uses the encounter between Marlow and Kurtz as its final act, and adds a backstory in which Marlow had been Kurtz's adopted son. Francis Ford Coppola's acclaimed Vietnam War film \\\"Apocalypse Now\\\" (1979) centers on the protagonist's mission to find and kill the renegade Colonel Kurtz (played by\",\n \"title\": \"Kurtz (Heart of Darkness)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2890883\",\n \"text\": \"2011 compilation album \\\"From Fear to Eternity\\\". \\\"The Edge of Darkness\\\" is based on the 1979 film \\\"Apocalypse Now\\\", adapted from Joseph Conrad's \\\"Heart of Darkness\\\", \\\"Man on the Edge\\\" is based on the 1993 movie, \\\"Falling Down\\\", and \\\"Lord of the Flies\\\" is based on the William Golding novel of the same name. \\\"Sign of the Cross\\\" is based on the Umberto Eco's novel \\\"The Name of the Rose\\\" and is Iron Maiden's sixth longest song at more than 11 minutes in length. Live versions of \\\"Blood on the World's Hands\\\" and \\\"The Aftermath\\\" can be found in \\\"Best\",\n \"title\": \"The X Factor (album)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12362679\",\n \"text\": \"novella, based on Conrad's experience as a steamboat captain in Africa, is set in the Congo Free State during the 19th century. Kurtz and Marlow (whose corresponding character in the movie is Capt. Willard) work for a Belgian trading company that brutally exploits its native African workers. After arriving at Kurtz's outpost, Marlow concludes that Kurtz has gone insane and is lording over a small tribe as a god. The novella ends with Kurtz dying on the trip back and the narrator musing about the darkness of the human psyche: \\\"the heart of an immense darkness\\\". In the novella, Marlow\",\n \"title\": \"Apocalypse Now\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12362687\",\n \"text\": \"was inspired to write the screenplay because of his college English professor, Irwin Blacker of USC. Blacker challenged his class by saying, “No screenwriter has ever perfected a film adaption of Joseph Conrad’s \\\"Heart of Darkness\\\".” Coppola gave Milius $15,000 to write the screenplay with the promise of an additional $10,000 if it were green-lit. Milius claims that he wrote the screenplay in 1969 and originally called it \\\"The Psychedelic Soldier\\\". He wanted to use Conrad's novel as \\\"a sort of allegory. It would have been too simple to have followed the book completely.\\\" Milius based the character of Willard\",\n \"title\": \"Apocalypse Now\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19260314\",\n \"text\": \"Apocalypse Now (painting) Apocalypse Now is a 1988 painting by the American artist Christopher Wool, widely regarded as among the most important of his \\\"word paintings\\\" created in the late 1980s. It consists of the words \\\"SELL THE HOUSE SELL THE CAR SELL THE KIDS\\\", stenciled in black, block letters in alkyd enamel on an off-white painted aluminum and steel plate measuring 84 x 72 inches (213.4 x 182.9 cm). The quotation is from the 1979 Francis Ford Coppola movie \\\"Apocalypse Now\\\", where it is written in a letter mailed home by a character who has lost his mind in\",\n \"title\": \"Apocalypse Now (painting)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14427925\",\n \"text\": \"in 1988, Wool and fellow artist Robert Gober presented a collaborative exhibition and installation which included Wool's seminal text-based painting, \\\"Apocalypse Now\\\" (1988). The work features words from a famous line in Francis Ford Coppola's film \\\"Apocalypse Now\\\", based on the Joseph Conrad novel \\\"Heart of Darkness\\\". From the early 1990s through the present, the silkscreen has been a primary tool in Wool's practice. In his abstract paintings Wool brings together figures and the disfigured, drawing and painting, spontaneous impulses and well thought-out ideas. He draws lines on the canvas with a spray gun and then, directly after, wipes them\",\n \"title\": \"Christopher Wool\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2162593\",\n \"text\": \"a competing offer of $15,000 for Milius to write \\\"Apocalypse Now\\\". \\\"Apocalypse Now\\\" was an adaptation of \\\"Heart of Darkness\\\" set in the Vietnam War which George Lucas intended to direct as a follow up to his first feature \\\"THX 1138\\\" (1971). Milius says Coppola: Offered that wonderful fork in the road where I could go do my own thing rather than just rewrite some piece of crap that would probably be rewritten by somebody else. That was the most important decision I made in my life as a writer. That sort of steered me onto the path of doing\",\n \"title\": \"John Milius\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"178220\",\n \"text\": \"Karloff) as its final act, and adds a backstory in which Marlow had been Kurtz's adopted son. The cast includes Inga Swenson and Eartha Kitt. The most famous adaptation is Francis Ford Coppola's 1979 motion picture \\\"Apocalypse Now\\\" based on the screenplay by John Milius, which moves the story from the Congo to Vietnam and Cambodia during the Vietnam War. In \\\"Apocalypse Now\\\", Martin Sheen plays Captain Benjamin L. Willard, a US Army Captain assigned to \\\"terminate the command\\\" of Colonel Walter E. Kurtz. Marlon Brando played Kurtz, in one of his most famous roles. A production documentary of the\",\n \"title\": \"Heart of Darkness\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"360484\",\n \"text\": \"something cramped and claustrophobic\\\", which would \\\"undoubtedly amount to one of the screen's scarier haunted houses\\\". \\\"The Shining\\\" is now considered to be a horror classic, and the American Film Institute has ranked it as the 27th greatest thriller film of all time. Kubrick met author Michael Herr through mutual friend David Cornwell (novelist John le Carré) in 1980, and became interested in his book \\\"Dispatches\\\", about the Vietnam War. Herr had recently written Martin Sheen's narration for \\\"Apocalypse Now\\\" (1979). Kubrick was also intrigued by Gustav Hasford's Vietnam War novel \\\"The Short-Timers.\\\" With the vision in mind to shoot\",\n \"title\": \"Stanley Kubrick\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17597021\",\n \"text\": \"Heart of Darkness (1993 film) Heart of Darkness is a 1993 television adaptation of Joseph Conrad’s famous novella written by Benedict Fitzgerald, directed by Nicolas Roeg, and starring Tim Roth, John Malkovich, Isaach De Bankolé and James Fox. The show is the third screen adaptation of the novella, following a 1958 television adaptation for the anthology series \\\"Playhouse 90\\\" starring Boris Karloff, and 1979's \\\"Apocalypse Now\\\" with Marlon Brando, which loosely adapted it and updated it to the Vietnam War. The film was filmed as a co-production with Ted Turner's Turner Pictures, and then aired by his TNT network. Ivory\",\n \"title\": \"Heart of Darkness (1993 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12362681\",\n \"text\": \"argues that many episodes in the film—the spear and arrow attack on the boat, for example—respect the spirit of the novella and in particular its critique of the concepts of civilization and progress. Other episodes adapted by Coppola, the Playboy Playmates' (Sirens) exit, the lost souls, \\\"take me home\\\" attempting to reach the boat and Kurtz's tribe of (white-faced) natives parting the canoes (gates of Hell) for Willard, (with Chef and Lance) to enter the camp are likened to Virgil and \\\"The Inferno\\\" (Divine Comedy) by Dante. While Coppola replaced European colonialism with American interventionism, the message of Conrad's book\",\n \"title\": \"Apocalypse Now\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12362704\",\n \"text\": \"departing frequently from the original screenplay. Coppola admitted that he had no ending because Brando was too fat to play the scenes as written in the original script. With the help of Dennis Jakob, Coppola decided that the ending could be \\\"the classic myth of the murderer who gets up the river, kills the king, and then himself becomes the king – it's the Fisher King, from \\\"The Golden Bough\\\"\\\". A water buffalo was slaughtered with a machete for the climactic scene. The scene was inspired by a ritual performed by a local Ifugao tribe which Coppola had witnessed along\",\n \"title\": \"Apocalypse Now\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12362729\",\n \"text\": \"restored to such heights you can, indeed, get a nose full of the napalm.\\\" Rotten Tomatoes gives the film a \\\"Certified Fresh\\\" rating of 96% based on 84 reviews, with an average rating of 8.9/10. The website's critical consensus states that \\\"Francis Ford Coppola's haunting, hallucinatory Vietnam war epic is cinema at its most audacious and visionary\\\". Today, the movie is regarded by many as a masterpiece of the New Hollywood era. Roger Ebert considered it to be the finest film on the Vietnam war and included it on his list for the 2002 \\\"Sight & Sound\\\" poll for the\",\n \"title\": \"Apocalypse Now\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16136159\",\n \"text\": \"an opera stemmed from O'Regan's viewing the 2001 \\\"Redux\\\" version of the film \\\"Apocalypse Now\\\" (itself based on the book by Conrad) by Francis Ford Coppola. Work began in earnest in 2002 and passed through two development companies (American Opera Projects and the joint ROH2/Genesis Foundation initiative \\\"OperaGenesis\\\") before it was premiered at the Royal Opera House. In terms of its logistical approach, the opera was designed from the outset to be \\\"short and small\\\", but emotionally and dramatically large-scale. Writer and broadcaster Tom Service has described the creators' approach as \\\"mirroring the disproportionate power of Conrad's slender book.\\\" O'Regan\",\n \"title\": \"Heart of Darkness (opera)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12362670\",\n \"text\": \"Forces Group, was indicted for murder and President Richard Nixon authorized the secret Cambodian Campaign. Coppola said that Rheault was an inspiration for the character of Colonel Kurtz. The voice-over narration of Willard was written by war correspondent Herr, whose 1977 Vietnam memoir \\\"Dispatches\\\" brought him to the attention of Coppola. A major influence on the film was Werner Herzog's \\\"Aguirre, the Wrath of God\\\" (1972), which also features a river journey and an insane soldier. The film revolves around a river journey from South Vietnam into Cambodia undertaken by Captain Benjamin L. Willard (a character based on Conrad's Marlow\",\n \"title\": \"Apocalypse Now\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15812422\",\n \"text\": \"he and the director \\\"also looked at abstract paintings, photographs, and architectural design books\\\" for inspiration. One of \\\"Beyond the Black Rainbow\\\"'s notable characteristics is its deliberately slow, hypnotic pace. According to Cosmatos, \\\"Beyond the Black Rainbow\\\" belongs to what he dubbed the \\\"trance film\\\" subgenre. Cosmatos mentioned Francis Ford Coppola's \\\"Apocalypse Now\\\" (1979), Alain Resnais' \\\"Last Year at Marienbad\\\" (1961) and Saul Bass's \\\"Phase IV\\\" (1974) as cinematographic blueprints for his debut film. Cosmatos explained the rationale behind his screen-writing, which downplays the \\\"very concrete story at the heart of it\\\" in favor of an \\\"atmospheric\\\" approach: Jeremy Schmidt,\",\n \"title\": \"Beyond the Black Rainbow\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2162613\",\n \"text\": \"by Italian TV. He wrote \\\"Harlot's Ghost\\\", for Francis Ford Coppola based on a novel by Norman Mailer; Milius described it as \\\"a cross between \\\"The Godfather\\\" and \\\"Apocalypse Now.\\\" It's about families and duplicity and danger, but this time provoked by the government.\\\" He adapted the Sgt. Rock comics for producer Joel Silver. And also wrote a version of \\\"Die Hard 3\\\" co-written with Barry Beckerman. In the early 1990s he wrote \\\"Texas Rangers\\\", about the establishment of that organisation, for Frank Price at Columbia. He hoped to direct the film, but could not raise the funding. In 1993\",\n \"title\": \"John Milius\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12700320\",\n \"text\": \"include \\\"The Way We Were\\\", \\\"Close Encounters of the Third Kind\\\", \\\"Scarface\\\", \\\"Illegally Yours\\\", \\\"Midnight Run\\\", \\\"History of the World, Part I\\\", \\\"Annie\\\", \\\"Say Anything\\\", \\\"Almost Famous\\\", and \\\"Jerry Maguire\\\". He took small acting parts in some of his films, for example playing a pilot in \\\"Blue Thunder\\\" and a salesman in \\\"Rocky II\\\". His most famous role is as a civilian intelligence officer named Jerry in Francis Ford Coppola's Vietnam War film, Apocalypse Now, in which he utters what some call the film's most memorable line, \\\"Terminate, with extreme prejudice\\\", to instruct the film's lead character to carry out\",\n \"title\": \"Jerry Ziesmer\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1873900\",\n \"text\": \"University School of the Arts. After portraying Pointer in \\\"Willie Dynamite\\\" (1974), Hall made his film debut in the 1976 biopic \\\"Leadbelly\\\". He also played a co-pilot in the 1978 film \\\"The Bermuda Triangle\\\". Hall had a small role in the 1979 miniseries \\\"\\\". Hall gained mainstream attention for his role as Chief Phillips in Francis Ford Coppola's 1979 war classic \\\"Apocalypse Now\\\", in which his character leads the rest of crew upriver from Vietnam to Cambodia so that Captain Willard (Martin Sheen) can complete his mission to assassinate Colonel Kurtz (Marlon Brando). Chief eventually gets killed by a Vietcong\",\n \"title\": \"Albert Hall (actor)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12362688\",\n \"text\": \"and some of Kurtz's on a friend of his, Fred Rexer. Rexer claimed to have experienced, first-hand, the scene related by Brando's character wherein the arms of villagers are hacked off by the Viet Cong. Kurtz was based on Robert B. Rheault, head of special forces in Vietnam. Scholars have never found any evidence to corroborate Rexer's claim, nor any similar Viet Cong behavior, and consider it an urban legend. At one point, Coppola told Milius, \\\"Write every scene you ever wanted to go into that movie\\\", and he wrote ten drafts, amounting to over a thousand pages. Milius changed\",\n \"title\": \"Apocalypse Now\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9775319\",\n \"text\": \"the Academy Award for Best Film Editing and the BAFTA Award for Best Editing for the film. In 2012, \\\"The French Connection\\\" was selected as the tenth best edited film of all time in a listing compiled by the Motion Picture Editors Guild. Francis Ford Coppola produced, directed, and co-wrote \\\"Apocalypse Now\\\", which was released in 1979. Filming had taken over a year in 1976 and 1977. Editing took place over two years prior to its release, and involved several editors; the supervising editor was Richard Marks, another of \\\"Dede's boys\\\". Greenberg described his own role in an interview with\",\n \"title\": \"Gerald B. Greenberg\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7517810\",\n \"text\": \"(1990), Rabbit Angstrom notices \\\"a story [...] in the Sarasota paper a week or so ago, headlined Circus Redux. He hates that word, you see it everywhere, and he doesn't know how to pronounce it. Like arbitrageur and perestroika.\\\" The term has been adopted by filmmakers to denote a new interpretation of an existing work by the restoration of previously removed material. This trend began with \\\"Apocalypse Now Redux\\\", which Francis Ford Coppola released in 2001, re-editing and extending his original 1979 movie. The term has also been used by music producers to describe what is more often referred to\",\n \"title\": \"Redux (literary term)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5061036\",\n \"text\": \"means of consciousness raising groups. The film ends happily for the trio of main characters: Bunny and Jim are to be married, and Jean-Pierre has enrolled at Dr. Hunt's university as a feminist studies major, becoming in the process the ideal companion for Hunt. The film's plot loosely parallels that of novel \\\"Heart of Darkness\\\" by Joseph Conrad, as well as \\\"Apocalypse Now\\\", which was also partly based on \\\"Heart of Darkness\\\". Both \\\"Heart of Darkness\\\" and \\\"Apocalypse Now\\\" feature a character named Kurtz who has gone deep into the jungle to become the deranged leader of a group of\",\n \"title\": \"Cannibal Women in the Avocado Jungle of Death\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10588023\",\n \"text\": \"totalitarian empires, notably with a federation of British and German fascists. Channeling Philip K. Dick's \\\"The Man in the High Castle\\\" and Ford Coppola's \\\"Apocalypse Now\\\", the plot of the novel traces a black Swiss political commissar's journey to the heart of the empire to arrest the rogue officer Brazhinsky in an Alpine tunnel complex called the \\\"Réduit\\\". \\\"Ich werde hier sein im Sonnenschein und im Schatten\\\" quickly garnered acclaim in the German-speaking literary world. Broadsheet \\\"Die Welt\\\" called it a \\\"glorious horror story\\\". The \\\"Süddeutsche Zeitung\\\" praised the writing as not only deeply reminiscent of Ernst Jünger, but also\",\n \"title\": \"Christian Kracht\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2752040\",\n \"text\": \"on the Making of Apocalypse Now\\\" in 1979. The book chronicled such events as the near destruction of the film's production as well as the stress that both cast and crew were suffering from at the time. This would not be the only documentation of the making of Francis Ford Coppola's \\\"Apocalypse Now\\\" as she decided to film a documentary based on the same movie. The documentary film \\\"Hearts of Darkness: A Filmmaker's Apocalypse\\\" was co-directed by Eleanor Coppola, Fax Bahr, and George Hickenlooper. In the film, Eleanor narrates the trials and difficulties surrounding the production of the award-winning film\",\n \"title\": \"Eleanor Coppola\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"138090\",\n \"text\": \"with Mario Puzo), Best Picture, and his first nomination for Best Director. He followed with \\\"The Godfather Part II\\\" in 1974, which became the first sequel to win the Academy Award for Best Picture. Highly regarded by critics, it brought him three more Academy Awards: Best Adapted Screenplay, Best Director and Best Picture, and made him the second director, after Billy Wilder, to be honored three times for the same film. \\\"The Conversation\\\", which he directed, produced and wrote, was released that same year, winning the Palme d'Or at the 1974 Cannes Film Festival. He next directed 1979's \\\"Apocalypse Now\\\".\",\n \"title\": \"Francis Ford Coppola\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1382599\",\n \"text\": \"by natives. \\\"Aguirre\\\" opened to widespread critical acclaim, and quickly developed a large international cult film following. It was given an extensive arthouse theatrical release in the United States in 1977, and remains one of the director's best-known films. Several critics have declared the film a masterpiece, and it has appeared on \\\"Time\\\" magazine's list of \\\"All Time 100 Best Films\\\". \\\"Aguirre\\\"'s visual style and narrative elements had a strong influence on Francis Ford Coppola's 1979 film \\\"Apocalypse Now\\\". In 1560, several score of Spanish conquistadors, and a hundred Indian slaves, march down from the newly conquered Inca Empire in\",\n \"title\": \"Aguirre, the Wrath of God\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3049799\",\n \"text\": \"Doc?\\\" (1957). The \\\"Ride\\\" features in \\\"Apocalypse Now\\\" (1979), where the 1/9 Air Cavalry squadron plays it on helicopter-mounted loudspeakers during their assault on a North Vietnamese-controlled village as psychological warfare and to motivate their own troops. Notes Sources Ride of the Valkyries The \\\"Ride of the Valkyries\\\" () refers to the beginning of act 3 of \\\"Die Walküre\\\", the second of the four operas constituting Richard Wagner's \\\"Der Ring des Nibelungen\\\". As a separate piece, the \\\"Ride\\\" is often heard in a purely instrumental version, which may be as short as three minutes. Together with the \\\"Bridal Chorus\\\" from\",\n \"title\": \"Ride of the Valkyries\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"138120\",\n \"text\": \"began filming \\\"Apocalypse Now\\\", an adaptation of Joseph Conrad's \\\"Heart of Darkness\\\" set in Cambodia during the Vietnam War (Coppola himself briefly appears as a TV news director). The production of the film was plagued by numerous problems, including typhoons, nervous breakdowns, the firing of Harvey Keitel, Martin Sheen's heart attack, extras from the Philippine military and half of the supplied helicopters leaving in the middle of scenes to go fight rebels and an unprepared Brando with a bloated appearance (which Coppola attempted to hide by shooting him in the shadows). It was delayed so often it was nicknamed \\\"Apocalypse\",\n \"title\": \"Francis Ford Coppola\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16045093\",\n \"text\": \"have become Abrams, (CIA Director Richard) Helms and Nixon. The only winner would have been North Vietnam.\\\" After the war, Francis Ford Coppola, director of the 1979 film \\\"Apocalypse Now\\\" said that the character Colonel Walter Kurtz in the film was loosely based upon Rheault, whom he had become aware of through the 1969 news accounts of the Green Beret Affair. Upon retirement from the military, Rheault served as an instructor, program leader, and later, acting president of the Hurricane Island Outward Bound School in Rockland, Maine; retiring from the school in 2001 after 32 years of service. He also\",\n \"title\": \"Robert Rheault\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"447452\",\n \"text\": \"One of the first major films based on the Vietnam War was John Wayne's pro-war film, \\\"The Green Berets\\\" (1968). Further cinematic representations were released during the 1970s and 1980s, including Michael Cimino's \\\"The Deer Hunter\\\" (1978), Francis Ford Coppola's \\\"Apocalypse Now\\\" (1979), Oliver Stone's \\\"Platoon\\\" (1986) – based on his service in the U.S. military during the Vietnam War, Stanley Kubrick's \\\"Full Metal Jacket\\\" (1987), \\\"Hamburger Hill\\\" (1987), \\\"Born on the Fourth of July\\\" (1989), and \\\"Casualties of War\\\" (1989). Later films would include \\\"We Were Soldiers\\\" (2002) and \\\"Rescue Dawn\\\" (2007). The war also influenced a generation of\",\n \"title\": \"Vietnam War\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"269022\",\n \"text\": \"and so did I.\\\" However, after Brando's death, the footage was reincorporated into the 2006 re-cut of the film, \\\"\\\" and in the 2006 \\\"loose sequel\\\" \\\"Superman Returns\\\", in which both used and unused archive footage of him as Jor-El from the first two \\\"Superman\\\" films was remastered for a scene in the Fortress of Solitude, and Brando's voice-overs were used throughout the film. Brando starred as Colonel Walter E. Kurtz in Francis Ford Coppola's Vietnam epic \\\"Apocalypse Now\\\" (1979). He plays a highly decorated U.S. Army Special Forces officer who goes renegade, running his own operation based in Cambodia\",\n \"title\": \"Marlon Brando\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"138122\",\n \"text\": \"directed by Volker Schlöndorff. When the film screened at Cannes, he quipped: \\\"My film is not about Vietnam, it is Vietnam.\\\" \\\"Apocalypse Now\\\"'s reputation has grown in time and it is now regarded by many as a masterpiece of the New Hollywood era and is frequently cited as one of the greatest movies ever made. Roger Ebert considers it to be the finest film on the Vietnam War and included it in his list for the 2002 \\\"Sight & Sound\\\" critics' poll of the greatest movies ever made. In 2001, Coppola re-released \\\"Apocalypse Now\\\" as \\\"Apocalypse Now Redux\\\", restoring several\",\n \"title\": \"Francis Ford Coppola\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12362707\",\n \"text\": \"told his wife that he felt \\\"there is only about a 20% chance [I] can pull the film off\\\". He convinced United Artists executives to delay the premiere from May to October 1978. Author Michael Herr received a call from Zoetrope in January 1978 and was asked to work on the film's narration based on his well-received book about Vietnam, \\\"Dispatches\\\". Herr said that the narration already written was \\\"totally useless\\\" and spent a year writing various narrations with Coppola giving him very definite guidelines. Murch had problems trying to make a stereo soundtrack for \\\"Apocalypse Now\\\" because sound libraries\",\n \"title\": \"Apocalypse Now\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3458340\",\n \"text\": \"Vietnamese mothers and then abandoned, \\\"Sean Flynn\\\" describes the photojournalist son of actor Errol Flynn who disappeared in 1970 while covering the war. Biographer Pat Gilbert describes many songs from \\\"Combat Rock\\\" as having a \\\"trippy, foreboding feel\\\", saturated in a \\\"colonial melancholia and sadness\\\" reflecting the Vietnam War. The band was hugely inspired by Francis Ford Coppola's 1979 film about the Vietnam War, \\\"Apocalypse Now\\\", and had previously released the song \\\"Charlie Don't Surf\\\" on \\\"Sandinista!\\\", which referenced the film. Other \\\"Combat Rock\\\" songs, if not directly about the Vietnam War and U.S. foreign policy, depict American society in\",\n \"title\": \"Combat Rock\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"772704\",\n \"text\": \"in the television film \\\"The Execution of Private Slovik\\\". Based on an incident that occurred during World War II, the film told the story of the only U.S. soldier to be executed for desertion since the American Civil War. Sheen's performance led to Francis Ford Coppola's casting him in a lead role as U.S. Army Captain Benjamin L. Willard in 1979's \\\"Apocalypse Now\\\", gaining him wide recognition. Filming in the Philippine jungle in the typhoon season of 1976, Sheen admitted he was not in great shape and was drinking heavily. For the film's legendary opening sequence in a Saigon hotel\",\n \"title\": \"Martin Sheen\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"452205\",\n \"text\": \"addition, the film industry was in crisis, and the army did not wish to assist in making anti-war films. From the late 1970s, independently financed and produced films showed Hollywood that Vietnam could be treated in film. Successful but very different portrayals of the war in which America had been defeated included Michael Cimino's \\\"The Deer Hunter\\\" (1978), and Francis Ford Coppola's \\\"Apocalypse Now\\\" (1979). With the shift in American politics to the right in the 1980s, military success could again be shown in films such as Oliver Stone's \\\"Platoon\\\" (1986), Stanley Kubrick's \\\"Full Metal Jacket\\\" (1987) and John Irvin's\",\n \"title\": \"War film\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4868767\",\n \"text\": \"in their everyday lives, with \\\"Nocturne\\\" focusing on the extraordinary events people could not experience in real life. The team wanted \\\"Nocturne\\\" to feel like a \\\"journey into hell\\\" comparable with Dante Alighieri's \\\"Divine Comedy\\\" and Francis Ford Coppola's 1979 film \\\"Apocalypse Now\\\". Kaneko was mainly responsible for creating the inverted bubble structure of the Vortex World. This design choice was primarily inspired by similar ideas in Gnostic traditions, early science fiction, and the \\\"Heart Sutra\\\", an important scripture within Mahayana Buddhism. In contrast to previous games which offered three routes for the cast, Chaos was the only affiliation of\",\n \"title\": \"Shin Megami Tensei: Nocturne\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3830771\",\n \"text\": \"the way in which colors influence our perceptions of different situations. He first worked with Bertolucci on \\\"The Conformist\\\" (1970). Set in Fascist Italy, the film has been described as a \\\"visual masterpiece.\\\" Also in 1970, he photographed \\\"The Bird with the Crystal Plumage\\\", the directorial debut of Dario Argento and a landmark film in the giallo genre. The first American film that Storaro worked on was \\\"Apocalypse Now\\\" (1979). Director Francis Ford Coppola gave him free rein on the film's visual look. \\\"Apocalypse Now\\\" earned Storaro his first Academy Award. He worked with Warren Beatty for the first time\",\n \"title\": \"Vittorio Storaro\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7673135\",\n \"text\": \"Avery Corman Avery Corman (born November 28, 1935) is an American novelist. He is known for the books \\\"Oh, God!\\\" (1971) and \\\"Kramer vs. Kramer\\\" (1977) both adapted into successful films of the same names. Corman is the author of the novels \\\"Oh, God!\\\" (1971), the basis for the 1977 film; \\\"The Bust-Out King\\\" (1977); \\\"Kramer vs. Kramer\\\" (1977), which was adapted into the Academy Award-winning 1979 film of the same name; \\\"The Old Neighborhood\\\" (1980); \\\"50\\\" (1987); \\\"Prized Possessions\\\" (1991); \\\"The Big Hype\\\" (1992); \\\"A Perfect Divorce\\\" (2004); and \\\"The Boyfriend from Hell\\\" (2006). And he is the author\",\n \"title\": \"Avery Corman\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7513094\",\n \"text\": \"artist. In 1967, Arthur Penn called him to take charge of the artistic direction of \\\"Bonnie and Clyde\\\". Three years later, Penn called him once again to design \\\"Little Big Man\\\". But it was working with Francis Ford Coppola in 1972 on \\\"The Godfather\\\" that set the creative tone of his career. \\\"The Godfather Part II\\\" and \\\"The Conversation\\\", in 1974, consolidated their collaboration, and laid the way for what was to be their joint creative challenge: \\\"Apocalypse Now\\\", the film for which Tavoularis created a nightmare jungle kingdom, inspired by Angkor Wat. It was also on the set of\",\n \"title\": \"Dean Tavoularis\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"138121\",\n \"text\": \"When?\\\" The 1991 documentary film \\\"\\\", directed by Eleanor Coppola (Francis's wife), Fax Bahr and George Hickenlooper, chronicles the difficulties the crew went through making \\\"Apocalypse Now\\\" and features behind-the-scenes footage filmed by Eleanor. After filming \\\"Apocalypse Now\\\", Coppola famously stated: \\\"We were in the jungle, there were too many of us, we had access to too much money, too much equipment and little by little, we went insane.\\\" The film was overwhelmingly lauded by critics when it finally appeared in 1979 and was selected for the 1979 Cannes Film Festival, winning the Palme d'Or along with \\\"The Tin Drum\\\",\",\n \"title\": \"Francis Ford Coppola\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1987380\",\n \"text\": \"and to start writing professionally. After mixed success with two attempts at literary mainstream novels in the mid-1970s (\\\"Marriages\\\" and \\\"Under Venus\\\"), Straub dabbled in the supernatural for the first time with \\\"Julia\\\" (1975). He then wrote \\\"If You Could See Me Now\\\" (1977), and came to widespread public attention with his fifth novel, \\\"Ghost Story\\\" (1979), which was a critical success and was later loosely adapted into a 1981 film starring Fred Astaire. Several horror novels followed, with growing success, including \\\"The Talisman\\\" and \\\"Black House\\\", two fantasy-horror collaborations with Straub's long-time friend and fellow author Stephen King. After\",\n \"title\": \"Peter Straub\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12362701\",\n \"text\": \"schedule and $2 million over budget; he had to offer his car, house, and \\\"The Godfather\\\" profits as security to finish the film. Coppola flew back to the U.S. in June 1976. He read a book about Genghis Khan to get a better handle on the character of Kurtz. After filming commenced, Marlon Brando arrived in Manila very overweight and began working with Coppola to rewrite the ending. The director downplayed Brando's weight by dressing him in black, photographing only his face, and having another, taller actor double for him in an attempt to portray Kurtz as an almost mythical\",\n \"title\": \"Apocalypse Now\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12362682\",\n \"text\": \"is still clear. It is often speculated that Coppola's interpretation of the Kurtz character was modeled after Tony Poe, a highly decorated Vietnam-era paramilitary officer from the CIA's Special Activities Division. Poe's actions in Vietnam and in the 'Secret War' in neighbouring Laos, in particular his highly unorthodox and often savage methods of waging war, show many similarities to those of the fictional Kurtz; for example, Poe was known to drop severed heads into enemy-controlled villages as a form of psychological warfare and use human ears to record the number of enemies his indigenous troops had killed. He would send\",\n \"title\": \"Apocalypse Now\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19101851\",\n \"text\": \"the United States, the narrator describes being an expatriate and a cultural advisor on the filming of an American film, closely resembling \\\"Platoon\\\" and \\\"Apocalypse Now\\\", before returning to Vietnam as part of a guerrilla raid against the communists. The dual identity of the narrator, as a mole and immigrant, and the Americanization of the Vietnam War in international literature are central themes in the novel. The novel was published 40 years to the month after the fall of Saigon, which is the initial scene of the book. Set as the flashback in a coerced confession of a political prisoner,\",\n \"title\": \"The Sympathizer\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18280041\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Godzilla\\\") wrote the first draft, while John Gatins was hired to write the second draft. In writing the script, Borenstein didn't want to repeat the \\\"Beauty and the Beast\\\" plot synonymous with \\\"King Kong\\\" movies, and took into account the outdated elements of the treatment of the island natives and the damsel in distress. His initial influence was \\\"Apocalypse Now\\\", revealing, Before Vogt-Roberts signed on as director, Borenstein had the idea of having the film begin during the Vietnam War and jump forward to the present day. After it was rejected, Borenstein instead had the film take place before the\",\n \"title\": \"Kong: Skull Island\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4806578\",\n \"text\": \"she spent three months befriending the prostitutes who worked on a single long street in Bombay. Her project \\\"Streets of the Lost\\\" with writer Cheryl McCall, for \\\"Life\\\", produced her book \\\"Streetwise\\\" (1988) and was developed into the documentary film \\\"Streetwise\\\", directed by her husband Martin Bell and with a soundtrack by Tom Waits. Mark was also a unit photographer on movie sets, shooting production stills of more than 100 movies including Arthur Penn's \\\"Alice's Restaurant\\\" (1969), Mike Nichols' \\\"Catch-22\\\" (1970), \\\"Carnal Knowledge\\\" (1971) and Francis Ford Coppola's \\\"Apocalypse Now\\\" (1979) through to Baz Luhrmann's \\\"Australia\\\" (2008). For \\\"Look\\\" magazine,\",\n \"title\": \"Mary Ellen Mark\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12362713\",\n \"text\": \"save for '\\\"Copyright 1979 Omni Zoetrope\\\"' right after the film ends. This mirrors the lack of any opening titles and supposedly stems from Coppola's original intention to \\\"tour\\\" the film as one would a play: the credits would have appeared on printed programs provided before the screening began. There have been, to date, many variations of the end credit sequence, beginning with the 35mm general release version, where Coppola elected to show the credits superimposed over shots of the jungle exploding into flames. Rental prints circulated with this ending, and can be found in the hands of a few collectors.\",\n \"title\": \"Apocalypse Now\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2752042\",\n \"text\": \"she has nonetheless written two successful books. Her first book, \\\"Notes on the Making of Apocalypse Now\\\", recorded the film's journey from 1976 to 1979. Her detailed note-taking continued in other areas of her life as she collected and wrote about her life's major events. With notes consisting of thirty year time span, Eleanor would go on to write the book \\\"Notes on a Life\\\". The memoir \\\"Notes on a Life\\\" follows thirty years of Eleanor Coppola's life as she juggles raising children and being there for Francis as he directs films that move the family from place to place.\",\n \"title\": \"Eleanor Coppola\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3099223\",\n \"text\": \"became recognized as a classic of post-World War II literature, both in Germany and around the world. A translation into English by Ralph Manheim was published in 1961. A new 50th anniversary translation into English by Breon Mitchell was published in 2009. In 1979 a film adaptation appeared by Volker Schlöndorff. It covers only Books 1 and 2, concluding at the end of the war. It shared the 1979 Cannes Film Festival Palme d'Or with \\\"Apocalypse Now\\\". It also won the Oscar for Best Foreign Language Film of 1979 at the 1980 Academy Awards. In 1996 a radio dramatisation starring\",\n \"title\": \"The Tin Drum\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12362717\",\n \"text\": \"the \\\"Redux\\\" version is a chapter involving the de Marais family's rubber plantation, a holdover from the colonization of French Indochina, featuring Coppola's two sons Gian-Carlo and Roman as children of the family. Around the dinner table, a young French child recites a poem by Charles Baudelaire entitled L'Albatros. The French family patriarch is not satisfied with the child's recitation. The child is sent away. These scenes were removed from the 1979 cut, which premiered at Cannes. In behind-the-scenes footage in \\\"Hearts of Darkness\\\", Coppola expresses his anger, on the set, at the technical limitations of the shot scenes, the\",\n \"title\": \"Apocalypse Now\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12839937\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"It's hard to sum it up really. Perhaps that's why people when they get back from this place always say the same thing, Vietnam: You don't know, man! You weren't there!\\\" In homage to film-maker Francis Ford Coppola and his Vietnam War epic \\\"Apocalypse Now\\\", the end credits replaced each crew members first name with the words \\\"Francis Ford\\\" (e.g. \\\"Francis Ford Clarkson\\\", \\\"Francis Ford Hammond\\\", etc.). To assist with production of the special, the BBC partnered itself with Hanuman Films, a production company involved in film and television shoots within south-east Asia, and who had worked before with the\",\n \"title\": \"Top Gear: Vietnam Special\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"879695\",\n \"text\": \"The Exorcist (novel) The Exorcist is a 1971 horror novel by American writer William Peter Blatty. The book details the demonic possession of twelve-year-old Regan MacNeil, the daughter of a famous actress, and the two priests who attempt to exorcise the demon. Published by Harper & Row, the novel was the basis of a highly successful film adaption released two years later, whose screenplay was also written and produced by Blatty, and part of \\\"The Exorcist\\\" franchise. The novel was inspired by a 1949 case of demonic possession and exorcism that Blatty heard about while he was a student in\",\n \"title\": \"The Exorcist (novel)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12362722\",\n \"text\": \"Philippines and said, \\\"We had access to too much money, too much equipment, and little by little we went insane\\\", and \\\"My film is not about Vietnam, it \\\"is\\\" Vietnam\\\". The filmmaker upset newspaper critic Rex Reed who reportedly stormed out of the conference. \\\"Apocalypse Now\\\" won the Palme d'Or for best film along with Volker Schlöndorff's \\\"The Tin Drum\\\" – a decision that was reportedly greeted with \\\"some boos and jeers from the audience\\\". \\\"Apocalypse Now\\\" performed well at the box office when it opened in August 1979. The film initially opened in one theater in New York City,\",\n \"title\": \"Apocalypse Now\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14069115\",\n \"text\": \"flaws\\\", which he said included its cruel comedy and heavy-handed irony. According to Powers, one ought to \\\"read it as a burlesque of '\\\"An American Tragedy\\\",' as a spoof of Angry British fiction, as a frightening condemnation of love. There is no end to the possibilities.\\\" The novel was brought to the attention of Francis Ford Coppola by actor Tony Bill, who wanted to play Bernard in any movie adaptation. But Coppola cast instead Peter Kastner, a young Canadian actor. Coppola optioned the film for $1,000, and drafted a script in his spare time while working on the film \\\"Is\",\n \"title\": \"You're a Big Boy Now (novel)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"402767\",\n \"text\": \"necessarily dangerous. But people fear death even more than pain. It's strange that they fear death. Life hurts a lot more than death. At the point of death, the pain is over. Yeah – I guess it is a friend... In \\\"The End\\\", the vocal interlude of the final minutes was mixed down to make Morrison's repeated use of the word \\\"fuck\\\" unintelligible. The song would be featured prominently in Francis Ford Coppola's 1979 Vietnam War film \\\"Apocalypse Now\\\". \\\"Break On Through (To the Other Side)\\\" was released as the group's first single but it was relatively unsuccessful, peaking at\",\n \"title\": \"The Doors (album)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12362685\",\n \"text\": \"words: Did he live his life again in every detail of desire, temptation, and surrender during that supreme moment of complete knowledge? He cried in a whisper at some image, at some vision, – he cried out twice, a cry that was no more than a breath – When Willard is first introduced to Dennis Hopper's character, the photojournalist describes his own worth in relation to that of Kurtz with: \\\"I should have been a pair of ragged claws/Scuttling across the floors of silent seas\\\", from \\\"The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock\\\". While working as an assistant for Francis\",\n \"title\": \"Apocalypse Now\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12362678\",\n \"text\": \"him after his death. That night, as the Montagnards ceremonially slaughter a water buffalo, Willard stealthily enters Kurtz's chamber, as he is making a recording, and attacks him with a machete. Mortally wounded, Kurtz utters \\\"...The horror ... the horror ...\\\" and dies. All in the compound see Willard departing, carrying a collection of Kurtz's writings, and bow down to him. Willard then leads Lance to the boat and the duo motor away. Kurtz's final words echo eerily as everything fades to black. Although inspired by Joseph Conrad's \\\"Heart of Darkness\\\", the film deviates extensively from its source material. The\",\n \"title\": \"Apocalypse Now\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1980913\",\n \"text\": \"of the \\\"Time Out Film Guide\\\" has compared \\\"Stalker\\\" to Francis Ford Coppola's \\\"Apocalypse Now\\\", also released in 1979, and argued that \\\"as a journey to the heart of darkness\\\" \\\"Stalker\\\" looks \\\"a good deal more persuasive than Coppola's.\\\" As well, \\\"Slant Magazine\\\" reviewer Nick Schager has praised the film as an \\\"endlessly pliable allegory about human consciousness\\\". In Schager's view \\\"Stalker\\\" shows \\\"something akin to the essence of what man is made of: a tangled knot of memories, fears, fantasies, nightmares, paradoxical impulses, and a yearning for something that's simultaneously beyond our reach and yet intrinsic to every one\",\n \"title\": \"Stalker (1979 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"485773\",\n \"text\": \"and a Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2005). Francis Ford Coppola ('67) was the director of the gangster film trilogy \\\"The Godfather\\\" and the Vietnam War film \\\"Apocalypse Now\\\" and Dustin Lance Black is the Academy Award-winning screenwriter of the film Milk. Meb Keflezighi ('98) is the winner of the 2014 Boston Marathon. UCLA also boasts an excellent military background, with hundreds of alumni serving their nation. Carlton Skinner was a U.S. Navy Commander who racially integrated the service at the end of World War II on the . He was also the first civilian governor of Guam. Francis B.\",\n \"title\": \"University of California, Los Angeles\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2929903\",\n \"text\": \"William Peter Blatty William Peter Blatty (January 7, 1928 – January 12, 2017) was an American writer and filmmaker best known for his 1971 novel \\\"The Exorcist\\\" and for the Academy Award-winning screenplay of its film adaptation. He also wrote and directed the sequel \\\"The Exorcist III\\\". After the success of \\\"The Exorcist\\\", Blatty reworked \\\"Twinkle, Twinkle, \\\"Killer\\\" Kane!\\\" (1960) into a new novel titled \\\"The Ninth Configuration\\\", published in 1978. Two years later, Blatty adapted the novel into a film of the same title and won Best Screenplay at the 1981 Golden Globe Awards. Some of his other notable\",\n \"title\": \"William Peter Blatty\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5543234\",\n \"text\": \"Carmine and Francis Ford Coppola (with some tracks co-composed by Mickey Hart and Richard Hansen). The first track is an abridged version of The Doors' eleven-minute epic \\\"The End\\\". All songs written by Carmine Coppola and Francis Ford Coppola, except where noted: Apocalypse Now Redux Apocalypse Now Redux is a 2001 extended version of Francis Ford Coppola's epic war film \\\"Apocalypse Now\\\", which was originally released in 1979. Coppola, along with editor/longtime collaborator Walter Murch, added 49 minutes of material that had been removed from the original film. It represents a significant re-edit of the original version. Francis Ford Coppola\",\n \"title\": \"Apocalypse Now Redux\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12362683\",\n \"text\": \"these ears back to his superiors as proof of the efficacy of his operations deep inside Laos. Coppola denies that Poe was a primary influence and says the character was loosely based on Special Forces Colonel Robert B. Rheault, who was the actual head of 5th Special Forces Group (May to July 1969), and whose 1969 arrest over the murder of suspected double agent Thai Khac Chuyen in Nha Trang generated substantial contemporary news coverage, in the Green Beret Affair, including making public the phrase \\\"terminate with extreme prejudice\\\", which was used prominently in the movie. In the film, shortly\",\n \"title\": \"Apocalypse Now\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2162607\",\n \"text\": \"their first movies was going to be \\\"East of Suez\\\", written and directed by Milius. It was not made. However, the following year saw the release of \\\"Apocalypse Now\\\", directed by Francis Ford Coppola. Coppola rewrote the script, which Milius disliked. \\\"He wanted to ruin it, liberalize it, and turn it into \\\"Hair\\\",\\\" said Milius in 1976. \\\"He sees himself as a great humanitarian, an enlightened soul who will tell you such wonderful things as he does at the end of GODFATHER II-that crime doesn't pay ... Talent-wise, he's no John Ford; character-wise, he's no Steve Spielberg. Francis can't stand\",\n \"title\": \"John Milius\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4423279\",\n \"text\": \"he locates in the medium of Goethe's prose) in favour of the possibility of an as yet unencountered (and, in principle, unimaginable) \\\"freedom\\\". Typically, Benjamin locates this experience in art, which is, according to him, alone able, through mediation, to transcend the powers of myth. A 1974 East German film with the same title was directed by Siegfried Kühn for the DEFA film studio. Francis Ford Coppola, in the grip of clinical manic depression and anxiety over his incomplete opus \\\"Apocalypse Now\\\", and while purportedly under the influence of his girlfriend, screenwriter Melissa Mathison, proposed making a \\\"ten-hour film version\",\n \"title\": \"Elective Affinities\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1402520\",\n \"text\": \"in \\\"The Seven-Per-Cent Solution\\\" opposite Nicol Williamson, Alan Arkin, Vanessa Redgrave, and Laurence Olivier. Duvall received another Oscar nomination for Best Supporting Actor and won both a BAFTA Award and Golden Globe Award for his role as Lt. Colonel Kilgore in \\\"Apocalypse Now\\\" (1979). His line \\\"I love the smell of napalm in the morning\\\" from \\\"Apocalypse Now\\\" is regarded as iconic in cinema history. The full text is: Duvall received a BAFTA Award nomination for his portrayal of detestable television executive Frank Hackett in the critically acclaimed film \\\"Network\\\" (1976) and garnered an Oscar nomination for Best Actor in\",\n \"title\": \"Robert Duvall\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15790485\",\n \"text\": \"Apocalypse Oz Apocalypse Oz is a 2006 short film. It is based on the novels \\\"Heart of Darkness\\\" by Joseph Conrad and \\\"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\\\" by L. Frank Baum. The script is a hybrid of the two classic films \\\"Apocalypse Now\\\" and \\\"The Wizard of Oz\\\", and uses only dialogue from these films. Dorothy Willard, an Amerasian product of the Vietnam War, is tired of living with her abusive foster parents in Kansas. Dorothy decides that \\\"there's no horror like home\\\" and accepts a dream mission that takes her deep into the desert to hunt down and \\\"terminate\",\n \"title\": \"Apocalypse Oz\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"832663\",\n \"text\": \"Mario Puzo Mario Gianluigi Puzo (; October 15, 1920 – July 2, 1999) was an American author, screenwriter and journalist. He is known for his crime novels about the Mafia, most notably \\\"The Godfather\\\" (1969), which he later co-adapted into a three-part film saga directed by Francis Ford Coppola. He received the Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay for the first film in 1972 and \\\"Part II\\\" in 1974. Puzo also wrote the original screenplay for the 1978 \\\"Superman\\\" film. His novel \\\"The Family\\\", was released posthumously in 2001. Puzo was born in the Hell's Kitchen area of New York\",\n \"title\": \"Mario Puzo\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6324878\",\n \"text\": \"as Truman Capote, Norman Mailer, and Tom Wolfe. Herr was born in Lexington, Kentucky, the son of a jeweler, and grew up in Syracuse, New York. His family was Jewish. After working with \\\"Esquire\\\" in the 1960s, from 1971 to 1975 he published nothing. Then, in 1977, he went on the road with rock and roller Ted Nugent and wrote about the experience in a 1978 cover story for \\\"Crawdaddy\\\" magazine. Also in 1977, he published \\\"Dispatches\\\", upon which his reputation mostly rests. Herr contributed to the narration for Francis Ford Coppola's \\\"Apocalypse Now\\\" (1979). He co-wrote the screenplay for\",\n \"title\": \"Michael Herr\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"211080\",\n \"text\": \"in a \\\"writers walk\\\" commemorates Conrad's visits to Australia between 1879 and 1892. The plaque notes that \\\"Many of his works reflect his 'affection for that young continent.'\\\" In San Francisco in 1979, a small triangular square at Columbus Avenue and Beach Street, near Fisherman's Wharf, was dedicated as \\\"Joseph Conrad Square\\\" after Conrad. The square's dedication was timed to coincide with release of Francis Ford Coppola's \\\"Heart of Darkness\\\"-inspired film, \\\"Apocalypse Now\\\". In the latter part of World War II, the Royal Navy cruiser \\\"HMS Danae\\\" was rechristened ORP \\\"Conrad\\\" and served as part of the Polish Navy. Notwithstanding\",\n \"title\": \"Joseph Conrad\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18280042\",\n \"text\": \"original \\\"King Kong\\\" film in 1917 during World War I while keeping the \\\"Apocalypse Now\\\" concept, and the premise had Tom Hiddleston's character leading a rescue team to Skull Island to find his missing brother, who had gotten stranded there while searching for a \\\"Titan Serum\\\" believed to cure all illnesses. After this, the story was again retooled to take place in the present day. After Jordan Vogt-Roberts joined the project, he met with Borenstein and, liking the \\\"Apocalypse Now\\\" concept, pitched it to Legendary with the idea of the story taking place at the end of the Vietnam War,\",\n \"title\": \"Kong: Skull Island\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5543225\",\n \"text\": \"Apocalypse Now Redux Apocalypse Now Redux is a 2001 extended version of Francis Ford Coppola's epic war film \\\"Apocalypse Now\\\", which was originally released in 1979. Coppola, along with editor/longtime collaborator Walter Murch, added 49 minutes of material that had been removed from the original film. It represents a significant re-edit of the original version. Francis Ford Coppola began production on the new cut with working-partner Kim Aubry. Coppola then tried to get Murch, who was reluctant at first. He thought it would be extremely difficult recutting a film that had taken two years to edit originally. He later changed\",\n \"title\": \"Apocalypse Now Redux\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2929919\",\n \"text\": \"in \\\"The Modern Weird Tale: A Critique of Horror Fiction\\\" (2001). Essays studying all Blatty's novels can be found in Benjamin Szumskyj's \\\"\\\" (McFarland, 2008). Awards include: William Peter Blatty William Peter Blatty (January 7, 1928 – January 12, 2017) was an American writer and filmmaker best known for his 1971 novel \\\"The Exorcist\\\" and for the Academy Award-winning screenplay of its film adaptation. He also wrote and directed the sequel \\\"The Exorcist III\\\". After the success of \\\"The Exorcist\\\", Blatty reworked \\\"Twinkle, Twinkle, \\\"Killer\\\" Kane!\\\" (1960) into a new novel titled \\\"The Ninth Configuration\\\", published in 1978. Two years\",\n \"title\": \"William Peter Blatty\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18142818\",\n \"text\": \"the acting of Emily Blunt, Benicio del Toro, and Josh Brolin. He stated that although her character Kate Macer was implausible, Emily Blunt \\\"brazens out any possible absurdity with great acting focus and front\\\". Chris Ryan of \\\"Grantland\\\" compared \\\"Sicario\\\" to the 1979 film \\\"Apocalypse Now\\\" directed by Francis Ford Coppola, noting an analogy between the former's themes with respect to the Mexican Drug War and the latter's with respect to the Vietnam War. He also stated that the characters Alejandro Gillick and Matt Graver in \\\"Sicario\\\" resemble those of Colonel Walter E. Kurtz and Lieutenant Colonel William Kilgore, respectively,\",\n \"title\": \"Sicario (2015 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1589334\",\n \"text\": \"delayed, until its eventual release in September 2013. Francis Ford Coppola is making the film for which he will always be remembered—an adaptation of \\\"Dracula\\\" starring Marlon Brando as Dracula and Martin Sheen as Jonathan Harker. (It is a variation of \\\"Apocalypse Now\\\", complete with all the famous quotes and mishaps during filming, albeit in Romania instead of the Philippines.) The film crew is befriended by a young-looking vampire, who leaves with them when they return to America. \\\"Coppola's Dracula\\\" won the International Horror Guild Award for Best Long Fiction, and was nominated for the Bram Stoker Award for Best\",\n \"title\": \"Anno Dracula series\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12362684\",\n \"text\": \"before Colonel Kurtz dies, he recites part of T. S. Eliot's poem \\\"The Hollow Men\\\". The poem is preceded in printed editions by the epigraph \\\"Mistah Kurtz – he dead\\\", a quotation from Conrad's \\\"Heart of Darkness\\\". Two books seen opened on Kurtz's desk in the film are \\\"From Ritual to Romance\\\" by Jessie Weston and \\\"The Golden Bough\\\" by Sir James Frazer, the two books that Eliot cited as the chief sources and inspiration for his poem \\\"The Waste Land\\\". Eliot's original epigraph for \\\"The Waste Land\\\" was this passage from \\\"Heart of Darkness\\\", which ends with Kurtz's final\",\n \"title\": \"Apocalypse Now\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7445862\",\n \"text\": \"with a massive gunfight in a Mexican border town. The title originates from \\\"terminate with extreme prejudice,\\\" a phrase popularized by \\\"Apocalypse Now\\\", also written by Milius. The lead character of Jack Benteen (Nolte) was loosely based on Joaquin Jackson. Nolte spent three weeks in Texas with Jackson learning the day-to-day activities of a Ranger. Nolte took what he learned and incorporated it into his character's the mannerisms and dress. A teletype message flashes across the screen ... At the airport in El Paso, Texas, five U.S. Army sergeants meet up with Major Paul Hackett (Michael Ironside), the leader of\",\n \"title\": \"Extreme Prejudice (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"138123\",\n \"text\": \"sequences lost from the original 1979 cut of the film, thereby expanding its length to 200 minutes. \\\"Apocalypse Now\\\" marked the end of the golden phase of Coppola's career. His musical fantasy \\\"One from the Heart\\\", although pioneering the use of video-editing techniques which are standard practice in the film industry today, ended with a disastrous box-office gross of $636,796 against a US$26 million budget, far from enough to recoup the costs incurred in the production of the movie and he was forced to sell his 23-acre Zoetrope Studio in 1983. He would spend the rest of the decade working\",\n \"title\": \"Francis Ford Coppola\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"544819\",\n \"text\": \"he was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor; and Jack Ryan in the action films \\\"Patriot Games\\\" (1992) and \\\"Clear and Present Danger\\\" (1994). His career spans six decades and includes roles in several Hollywood blockbusters, including the epic war film \\\"Apocalypse Now\\\" (1979), the legal drama \\\"Presumed Innocent\\\" (1990), the action film \\\"The Fugitive\\\" (1993), the political action thriller \\\"Air Force One\\\" (1997), and the psychological thriller \\\"What Lies Beneath\\\" (2000). Seven of his films have been inducted into the National Film Registry: \\\"American Graffiti\\\" (1973), \\\"The Conversation\\\" (1974), \\\"Star Wars\\\" (1977), \\\"Apocalypse Now\\\" (1979), \\\"The Empire\",\n \"title\": \"Harrison Ford\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13968626\",\n \"text\": \"hundred man-days for military personnel taken away from their regular duties. Two UH-1H Hueys make up part of the attack package on Ernst Stavro Blofeld's oil rig command center at the climax of the 1971 James Bond film \\\"Diamonds Are Forever\\\". The UH-1 was in Francis Ford Coppola's 1979 epic \\\"Apocalypse Now\\\". Several Hueys were rented from the Philippine Air force. UH-1s were prominently featured in Oliver Stone's 1986 film \\\"Platoon\\\". The 1990 film \\\"Air America\\\", about the CIA's proprietary airline during the war in Southeast Asia, featured the ubiquitous Huey helicopter. A Bell 205 is used as a mountain\",\n \"title\": \"Aircraft in fiction\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"832667\",\n \"text\": \"more important in the next work to support his five children on a government clerk's salary. He was looking to write something that would appeal to the masses. He found his audience with the novel, which became the top bestseller for months on the \\\"New York Times\\\" Best Seller List. The book was later developed into the film \\\"The Godfather\\\", directed by Francis Ford Coppola. The film received three awards of the eleven Oscar category nominations, including Puzo's Oscar for Best Adapted Screenplay. Coppola and Puzo then collaborated on sequels to the original film, \\\"The Godfather Part II\\\" and \\\"The\",\n \"title\": \"Mario Puzo\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"832671\",\n \"text\": \"Last Christmas\\\", were written under the pseudonym Mario Cleri. Mario Puzo Mario Gianluigi Puzo (; October 15, 1920 – July 2, 1999) was an American author, screenwriter and journalist. He is known for his crime novels about the Mafia, most notably \\\"The Godfather\\\" (1969), which he later co-adapted into a three-part film saga directed by Francis Ford Coppola. He received the Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay for the first film in 1972 and \\\"Part II\\\" in 1974. Puzo also wrote the original screenplay for the 1978 \\\"Superman\\\" film. His novel \\\"The Family\\\", was released posthumously in 2001. Puzo was\",\n \"title\": \"Mario Puzo\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2810799\",\n \"text\": \"of Francis Ford Coppola's film \\\"Apocalypse Now\\\": \\\"The horror... the horror...\\\", which in turn was adapted from Joseph Conrad's novel \\\"Heart of Darkness\\\". \\\"College Roomies from Hell!!!\\\" has been nominated for several Web Cartoonists' Choice Awards, winning \\\"Best Writing\\\" and \\\"Best Serial Comic\\\" in 2001, and \\\"Outstanding Character Development\\\" in 2002. Campos-Rebolledo went on to create the webcomic \\\"Power Nap\\\" in collaboration with the artist Bachan. College Roomies from Hell!!! College Roomies from Hell!!! or CRFH!!! as it is known to fans, is a webcomic strip by Maritza Campos-Rebolledo. It started January 1, 1999. Since 2010 it updated only sporadically\",\n \"title\": \"College Roomies from Hell!!!\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7429847\",\n \"text\": \"Walküre\\\". At the conclusion of the film the \\\"Lacrimosa\\\" from Mozart's \\\"Requiem\\\" is played. Initial reception was positive. Walter Goodman wrote for \\\"The New York Times\\\" that \\\"The history is harrowing and the presentation is graphic...Powerful material, powerfully rendered...\\\", and dismissed the ending as \\\"a dose of instant inspirationalism,\\\" but conceded to Klimov's \\\"unquestionable talent.\\\" Rita Kempley, of the \\\"Washington Post\\\", wrote that \\\"directing with an angry eloquence, [Klimov] taps into that hallucinatory nether world of blood and mud and escalating madness that Francis Ford Coppola found in \\\"Apocalypse Now.\\\" And though he draws a surprisingly vivid performance from his\",\n \"title\": \"Come and See\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12362711\",\n \"text\": \"Now\\\" was released in the U.S. in only 15 theaters equipped to play the Dolby Stereo 70mm prints with stereo surround sound. At the time of its release, discussion and rumors circulated about the supposed various endings for \\\"Apocalypse Now\\\". Coppola said the original ending was written in haste, where Kurtz convinced Willard to join forces and together they repelled the air strike on the compound. Coppola said he never fully agreed with the Kurtz and Willard dying in fatalistic explosive intensity, preferring to end the film in a more encouraging manner. When Coppola originally organized the ending, he considered\",\n \"title\": \"Apocalypse Now\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12362725\",\n \"text\": \"everything that has been attempted by an American filmmaker in a very long time\\\". Other reviews were less positive; Frank Rich in \\\"Time\\\" said: \\\"While much of the footage is breathtaking, \\\"Apocalypse Now\\\" is emotionally obtuse and intellectually empty\\\". Vincent Canby argued, \\\"Mr. Coppola himself describes it as \\\"operatic,\\\" but ... Apocalypse Now is neither a tone poem nor an opera. It's an adventure yarn with delusions of grandeur, a movie that ends—in the all-too-familiar words of the poet Mr. Coppola drags in by the bootstraps—not with a bang, but a whimper.\\\" Ebert added Coppola's film to his list of\",\n \"title\": \"Apocalypse Now\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"148126\",\n \"text\": \"discarded that in favor of a film about the Vietnam War. They met in England, and the director told Herr that he wanted to do a war film but had yet to find a story to adapt. Kubrick discovered Gustav Hasford's novel \\\"The Short-Timers\\\" (1979) while reading the \\\"Virginia Kirkus Review.\\\" Herr received it in bound galleys and thought that it was a masterpiece. In 1982, Kubrick read the novel twice, concluding that it \\\"was a unique, absolutely wonderful book\\\", and decided, along with Herr, to adapt it for his next film. According to Kubrick, he was drawn to the\",\n \"title\": \"Full Metal Jacket\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1875230\",\n \"text\": \"Friedkin as director, before Blatty returned to \\\"Twinkle, Twinkle, \\\"Killer\\\" Kane\\\". In lieu of filming the novel, Blatty decided to rewrite it: \\\"After \\\"The Exorcist\\\", I decided that I could develop the story a great deal. So I rewrote it and fleshed it out, Cutshaw became the astronaut in the Exorcist that Regan warns about going into outer space and fully developed the deeper implications and theological themes.\\\" The rewritten version of \\\"Twinkle, Twinkle, \\\"Killer\\\" Kane\\\" was published in 1978 under the title \\\"The Ninth Configuration\\\". Blatty has said that he prefers the first version of the book to the\",\n \"title\": \"The Ninth Configuration\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18360495\",\n \"text\": \"and full-on warfare, comparing it to [[Francis Ford Coppola]]'s 1979 [[Vietnam War]] epic \\\"[[Apocalypse Now]]\\\". A [[showreel]] was also shown during the event, which featured footage from the film, cut with behind-the-scenes shots and interviews with the director and cast members. The second trailer was shown publicly during a broadcast of the [[2016 Summer Olympics]] and received favourable media reviews; \\\"[[Wired (magazine)|Wired]]\\\" stated that the trailer was \\\"littered with nostalgic throwbacks to the original trilogy\\\", while \\\"[[Rolling Stone]]\\\" described the CGI landscape shots seen in the footage as \\\"eye-poppingly gorgeous\\\". A further trailer released in October 2016 prompted \\\"The Hollywood\",\n \"title\": \"Rogue One\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12922743\",\n \"text\": \"similar to the premonitions seen in the Final Destination franchise. Otto hums Richard Wagner's \\\"Ride of the Valkyries\\\" while believing he is flying a helicopter, a reference to the helicopter attack sequence in the 1979 film \\\"Apocalypse Now\\\". The \\\"Ode to Joy\\\" segment of Ludwig van Beethoven's Symphony No. 9, Frédéric Chopin's \\\"Fantasie Impromptu 66\\\" and \\\"Gonna Fly Now\\\", the theme from the 1976 film \\\"Rocky\\\" are both played in the episode, while Ralph sings \\\"Wannabe\\\" by the Spice Girls. Since airing, the episode received mixed reviews from television critics. Steve Heisler of \\\"The A.V. Club\\\" wrote: \\\"I'm sorry, but\",\n \"title\": \"How the Test Was Won\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3487872\",\n \"text\": \"A Bend in the River A Bend in the River is a 1979 novel by Nobel laureate V. S. Naipaul. The novel, telling the story of Salim, a merchant in post-colonial mid-20th Century Africa, is one of Naipaul's best known works and was widely praised. It was shortlisted for the Booker Prize in 1979. In 1998, the Modern Library ranked \\\"A Bend in the River\\\" #83 on its list of the 100 best English-language novels of the 20th century. \\\"A Bend in the River\\\" has also been criticized for a perceived defence of European colonialism in Africa. Set in an\",\n \"title\": \"A Bend in the River\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"compressed_ctxs_1":{"kind":"string","value":"{\n \"compressed_prompt\": \"Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\\n\\ntitle: Hearts of Darkness: A Filmmaker's Apocalypse context Hearts of Darkness: A Filmmaker's Apocalypse Hearts of Darkness: A Filmmaker's Apocalypse is a 1991 American documentary film about the production of \\\"Apocalypse Now,\\\" the 1979 Vietnam War epic directed by Francis Ford Coppola. The title is derived from the Joseph Conrad novella \\\"Heart of Darkness\\\", the source material for \\\"Apocalypse Now\\\". Using behind-the-scenes footage, and narrated by Eleanor Coppola, the documentary chronicles how production problems—among them bad weather, actors' poor health, and other issues—delayed the film, increasing costs and nearly destroying the life and career of its director, her husband, Francis Ford Coppola. In 1990, Coppola turned her material\\n\\nWhat famous novel provided the basic story line for Francis Ford Coppola's 1979 Vietnam war film epic, Apocalypse Now?\",\n \"compressed_tokens\": 223,\n \"origin_tokens\": 224,\n \"ratio\": \"1.0x\",\n \"saving\": \", Saving $0.0 in GPT-4.\"\n}"},"compressed_ctxs_100":{"kind":"string","value":"{\n \"compressed_prompt\": \"Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\\n\\ntitle: Apocalypse Now context: is the pilot of a river boat sent to collect ivory from Kurtz's outpost, only gradually becoming infatuated with Kurtz. In fact, when he discovers Kurtz in terrible health, Marlow makes an effort to bring him home safely. In the film, Willard is an assassin dispatched to kill Kurtz. Nevertheless, the depiction of Kurtz as a god-like leader of a tribe of natives and his malarial fever, Kurtz's written exclamation \\\"Exterminate all the brutes!\\\" (which appears in the film as \\\"Drop the bomb. Exterminate them all!\\\") and his last words \\\"The horror! The horror!\\\" are taken from Conrad's novella. Coppola\\n\\ntitle: Apocalypse context: and Kurtz's on a friend of his Fred Rex. Rexer claimed to experienced first-hand, the sceneando's character wherein arms of villagers are hacked off by the Cong. Kurt was based on B Rheault, head of special forces in Vietnam Scholars have found any evidence corroborate Rexer's claim, nor any Viet Cong behavior and consider an urban legend. one point, Coppola toldius, \\\" every scene wanted go into movie\\\", wrote ten drafts, amounting to over a thousand pages Milius changed\\n\\ntitle Hearts of Darknessmm'ocalypse context: Hearts of Darkness: A Filmm' Apocalypse He Dark Fil' Apocalypse a 11 American documentary productionAp,\\\" the 1979 War epic directed by Francis Coppola. is from theradella \\\"He Dark\\\", the source \\\"Apyp\\\".sc foot and byan Copp, document chron howamong them bad,' poor health, anddelay film increasing and nearly destroying the and, her, Francis Ford Copp In 90 Coppola her materialtitle:berg their to write a.ius he was rejected for having asthma. Milius came up with the idea for adapting the plot of Joseph Conrad's \\\"Heart of Darkness\\\" to the Vietnam War setting. He had read the novel when he was a teenager and was reminded about it by one of his college lecturers who had mentioned the several unsuccessful attempts to adapt it into a movie. Screenwriter John Milius\\n\\nWhat famous novel provided the basic story line for Francis Ford Coppola's 1979 Vietnam war film epic, Apocalypse Now?\",\n \"compressed_tokens\": 503,\n \"origin_tokens\": 15085,\n \"ratio\": \"30.0x\",\n \"saving\": \", Saving $0.9 in GPT-4.\"\n}"}}},{"rowIdx":293,"cells":{"id":{"kind":"number","value":293,"string":"293"},"question":{"kind":"string","value":"\"What famous British poet and playwright had an m--for \"\"murderer\"\"--branded on his left thumb?\""},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["Ben Jonson, for killing an actor in a duel in 1598. Jonson escaped the gallows by pleading benefit of clergy and forfeiting all his goods and chattels"],"string":"[\n \"Ben Jonson, for killing an actor in a duel in 1598. Jonson escaped the gallows by pleading benefit of clergy and forfeiting all his goods and chattels\"\n]","isConversational":false},"target":{"kind":"string","value":"Ben Jonson, for killing an actor in a duel in 1598. Jonson escaped the gallows by pleading benefit of clergy and forfeiting all his goods and chattels"},"ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"id":"1409642","text":"Richard Brinsley Sheridan Richard Brinsley Butler Sheridan (30 October 17517 July 1816) was an Irish satirist, a playwright, poet, and long-term owner of the London Theatre Royal, Drury Lane. He is known for his plays such as \"The Rivals\", \"The School for Scandal\", \"The Duenna\", and \"A Trip to Scarborough\". He was also a Whig MP for 32 years in the British House of Commons for Stafford (1780–1806), Westminster (1806–1807), and Ilchester (1807–1812). He is buried at Poets' Corner in Westminster Abbey. His plays remain a central part of the canon and are regularly performed worldwide. RB Sheridan was born","title":"Richard Brinsley Sheridan"},{"id":"429239","text":"the Channel Islands. Most British literature is in the English language. In 2005, some 206,000 books were published in the United Kingdom and in 2006 it was the largest publisher of books in the world. The English playwright and poet William Shakespeare is widely regarded as the greatest dramatist of all time, and his contemporaries Christopher Marlowe and Ben Jonson have also been held in continuous high esteem. More recently the playwrights Alan Ayckbourn, Harold Pinter, Michael Frayn, Tom Stoppard and David Edgar have combined elements of surrealism, realism and radicalism. Notable pre-modern and early-modern English writers include Geoffrey Chaucer","title":"United Kingdom"},{"id":"1364193","text":"John Betjeman Sir John Betjeman (; 28 August 190619 May 1984) was an English poet, writer, and broadcaster who described himself in \"Who's Who\" as a \"poet and hack\". He was Poet Laureate of the United Kingdom from 1972 until his death. He was a founding member of the Victorian Society and a passionate defender of Victorian architecture. He began his career as a journalist and ended it as one of the most popular British Poets Laureate and a much-loved figure on British television. Betjeman was born John Betjemann. He was the son of a prosperous silverware maker of Dutch","title":"John Betjeman"},{"id":"1627033","text":"was executed for trying to blow up the Parliament of England; Oliver Cromwell, who created a republican England; Richard III, suspected of murdering his nephews; James Connolly, an Irish nationalist and socialist who was executed by the Crown in 1916; and a surprisingly high ranking of 17th for actor and singer Michael Crawford (the second highest-ranked entertainer, after John Lennon). Diana, Princess of Wales was judged to be a greater historical figure than Isaac Newton, William Shakespeare, and Charles Darwin by BBC respondents to the survey. One of the more controversial figures to be included on the list was occultist","title":"100 Greatest Britons"},{"id":"1480072","text":"1930s W. H. Auden and Christopher Isherwood co-authored verse dramas, of which The Ascent of F6 (1936) is the most notable, that owed much to Bertolt Brecht. T. S. Eliot had begun this attempt to revive poetic drama with \"Sweeney Agonistes\" in 1932, and this was followed by \"The Rock\" (1934), \"Murder in the Cathedral\" (1935) and \"The Family Reunion\" (1939). There were three further plays after the war. An important cultural movement in the British theatre which developed in the late 1950s and early 1960s was Kitchen sink realism (or \"kitchen sink drama\"), a term coined to describe art","title":"English drama"},{"id":"11812038","text":"the most notable, that owed much to Bertolt Brecht. T. S. Eliot had begun this attempt to revive poetic drama with \"Sweeney Agonistes\" in 1932, and this was followed by \"The Rock\" (1934), \"Murder in the Cathedral\" (1935) and \"Family Reunion\" (1939). There were three further plays after the war. Saunders Lewis (1893–1985), writer in Welsh, was above all a dramatist. His earliest published play was \"Blodeuwedd\" (The woman of flowers) (1923–25, revised 1948). Other notable plays include \"Buchedd Garmon\" (The life of Germanus) (radio play, 1936) and several others after the war. James Bridie, the pseudonym used by Osborne","title":"Theatre of the United Kingdom"},{"id":"19498095","text":"were between the Victorian era, with its strict classicism, and Modernism, with its strident rejection of pure aestheticism. Edward Thomas (1878–1917) is sometimes treated as another Georgian poet. Thomas enlisted in 1915 and is one of the First World War poets along with Wilfred Owen (1893–1918), Rupert Brooke (1887–1915), Isaac Rosenberg (1890–1917), Edmund Blunden (1896–1974) and Siegfried Sassoon (1886–1967). Irish playwrights George Bernard Shaw (1856–1950) and J.M. Synge (1871–1909) were influential in British drama. Shaw's career began in the last decade of the 19th century, while Synge's plays belong to the first decade of the 20th century. Synge's most famous","title":"Twentieth-century English literature"},{"id":"1364224","text":"was also instrumental in saving the Duke of Cornwall Hotel in Plymouth. Some works include: John Betjeman Sir John Betjeman (; 28 August 190619 May 1984) was an English poet, writer, and broadcaster who described himself in \"Who's Who\" as a \"poet and hack\". He was Poet Laureate of the United Kingdom from 1972 until his death. He was a founding member of the Victorian Society and a passionate defender of Victorian architecture. He began his career as a journalist and ended it as one of the most popular British Poets Laureate and a much-loved figure on British television. Betjeman","title":"John Betjeman"},{"id":"409774","text":"\"The Waste Land,\") and James Joyce. Below are a partial list of honours and awards received by T.S. Eliot or bestowed or created in his honour. These honours are displayed in order of precedence based on Eliot's nationality and rules of protocol, not awarding date. Source: T. S. Eliot Thomas Stearns Eliot, (26 September 1888 – 4 January 1965), was an essayist, publisher, playwright, literary and social critic, and \"one of the twentieth century's major poets\". Born in St. Louis, Missouri, in the United States, to a prominent Boston Brahmin family, he moved to England in 1914 at the age","title":"T. S. Eliot"},{"id":"586027","text":"John Fletcher and his collaborators. The comedy \"The Widow\" was printed in 1652 as the work of Thomas Middleton, Fletcher and Jonson, though scholars have been intensely sceptical about Jonson's presence in the play. A few attributions of anonymous plays, such as \"The London Prodigal\", have been ventured by individual researchers, but have met with cool responses. Ben Jonson Benjamin Jonson (\"c\". 11 June 1572 – \"c\". 16 August 1637) was an English playwright, poet, actor, and literary critic, whose artistry exerted a lasting impact upon English poetry and stage comedy. He popularised the comedy of humours. He is best","title":"Ben Jonson"},{"id":"1409657","text":"1795, Richard B. Sheridan married Hester Jane Ogle (1776–1817), daughter of the Dean of Winchester. They had at least one child: Charles Brinsley Sheridan (1796–1843). At one time Sheridan owned Downe House, Richmond Hill in London. He also wrote a selection of poems and political speeches during his time in parliament. <!-- and Richard Brinsley Sheridan Richard Brinsley Butler Sheridan (30 October 17517 July 1816) was an Irish satirist, a playwright, poet, and long-term owner of the London Theatre Royal, Drury Lane. He is known for his plays such as \"The Rivals\", \"The School for Scandal\", \"The Duenna\", and \"A","title":"Richard Brinsley Sheridan"},{"id":"2642856","text":"Nicholas Rowe (writer) Nicholas Rowe (; 20 June 1674 – 6 December 1718), English dramatist, poet and miscellaneous writer, was appointed Poet Laureate of the United Kingdom in 1715. His plays and poems were well-received during his lifetime, with one of his translations described as one of the greatest productions in English poetry. He was also considered the first editor of the works of William Shakespeare. Nicholas Rowe was born in Little Barford, Bedfordshire, England, son of John Rowe (d. 1692), barrister and sergeant-at-law, and Elizabeth, daughter of Jasper Edwards, on 20 June 1674. His family possessed a considerable estate","title":"Nicholas Rowe (writer)"},{"id":"429241","text":"classics Rudyard Kipling, A. A. Milne (the creator of Winnie-the-Pooh), Roald Dahl and Enid Blyton; the controversial D. H. Lawrence; the modernist Virginia Woolf; the satirist Evelyn Waugh; the prophetic novelist George Orwell; the popular novelists W. Somerset Maugham and Graham Greene; the crime writer Agatha Christie (the best-selling novelist of all time); Ian Fleming (the creator of James Bond); the poets T.S. Eliot, Philip Larkin and Ted Hughes; the fantasy writers J. R. R. Tolkien, C. S. Lewis and J. K. Rowling; the graphic novelists Alan Moore and Neil Gaiman. Scotland's contributions include the detective writer Arthur Conan Doyle","title":"United Kingdom"},{"id":"761502","text":"Eugene O'Neill Eugene Gladstone O'Neill (October 16, 1888 – November 27, 1953) was an American playwright and Nobel laureate in Literature. His poetically titled plays were among the first to introduce into U.S. drama techniques of realism earlier associated with Russian playwright Anton Chekhov, Norwegian playwright Henrik Ibsen, and Swedish playwright August Strindberg. The drama \"Long Day's Journey into Night\" is often numbered on the short list of the finest U.S. plays in the 20th century, alongside Tennessee Williams's \"A Streetcar Named Desire\" and Arthur Miller's \"Death of a Salesman\". O'Neill's plays were among the first to include speeches in","title":"Eugene O'Neill"},{"id":"656736","text":"American playwrights, screenwriters and novelists who got their start in radio drama are Rod Serling and Irwin Shaw. In Britain, however, during the 1930s BBC programming, tended to be more high brow, including the works of Shakespeare, Classical Greek drama, as well as the works of major modern playwrights, such as Chekhov, Ibsen, Strindberg, and so forth. Novels and short stories were also frequently dramatised. In addition the plays of contemporary writers and original plays were produced, with, for example, a broadcast of T. S. Eliot's famous verse play \"Murder in the Cathedral\" in 1936. By 1930, the BBC was","title":"Radio drama"},{"id":"11967937","text":"written under his chin,\" in the later days of his reign as monarch. This statement by Pahlavi was an adaptation of another saying, \"If you lift a mullah's beard, you will find 'Made in Britain' stamped on his chin.\" On 7 January 1978, the state news agency \"Ettela'at\" also published an article accusing Khomeini of being a British agent and a \"mad Indian poet.\" According to the article These days thoughts turn once again to the colonialism of the black and the red, that is to say, to old and new colonialism. Black referring to feudal forces and red to","title":"British–Ruhollah Khomeini conspiracy theory"},{"id":"19498105","text":"and a room of her own if she is to write fiction\". In the 1930s W. H. Auden and Christopher Isherwood co-authored verse dramas, of which The Ascent of F6 (1936) is the most notable, that owed much to Bertolt Brecht. T. S. Eliot had begun this attempt to revive poetic drama with \"Sweeney Agonistes\" in 1932, and this was followed by \"The Rock\" (1934), \"Murder in the Cathedral\" (1935) and \"Family Reunion\" (1939). There were three further plays after the war. \"In Parenthesis\", a modernist epic poem by David Jones (1895–1974) first published in 1937, is probably the best","title":"Twentieth-century English literature"},{"id":"2642866","text":"also wrote a memoir of Boileau prefixed to a translation of the \"Lutrin\". He also wrote a version of Lucan's Pharsalia. \"Source:\" Nicholas Rowe (writer) Nicholas Rowe (; 20 June 1674 – 6 December 1718), English dramatist, poet and miscellaneous writer, was appointed Poet Laureate of the United Kingdom in 1715. His plays and poems were well-received during his lifetime, with one of his translations described as one of the greatest productions in English poetry. He was also considered the first editor of the works of William Shakespeare. Nicholas Rowe was born in Little Barford, Bedfordshire, England, son of John","title":"Nicholas Rowe (writer)"},{"id":"902539","text":"Indiana University at Bloomington; the Mandeville Special Collections Library, Geisel Library, at the University of California, San Diego; the British Film Institute, in London; and the Margaret Herrick Library, Pickford Center for Motion Picture Study, the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, Beverly Hills, California. Harold Pinter Harold Pinter (; 10 October 1930 – 24 December 2008) was a Nobel Prize-winning British playwright, screenwriter, director and actor. One of the most influential modern British dramatists, his writing career spanned more than 50 years. His best-known plays include \"The Birthday Party\" (1957), \"The Homecoming\" (1964), and \"Betrayal\" (1978), each of","title":"Harold Pinter"},{"id":"1401091","text":"His detective novel, \"The Sad Variety\" (1964), contains a scathing portrayal of doctrinaire communists, the Soviet Union's repression of the 1956 Hungarian uprising, and the ruthless tactics of Soviet intelligence agents. Cecil Day-Lewis Cecil Day-Lewis (or Day Lewis) (27 April 1904 – 22 May 1972), often writing as C. Day-Lewis, was an Anglo-Irish poet and the Poet Laureate of the United Kingdom from 1968 until his death in 1972. He also wrote mystery stories under the pseudonym of Nicholas Blake. He is the father of Sir Daniel Day-Lewis, a noted actor, and Tamasin Day-Lewis, a documentary filmmaker and television chef.","title":"Cecil Day-Lewis"},{"id":"409708","text":"Modernist movement. It was followed by some of the best-known poems in the English language, including \"The Waste Land\" (1922), \"The Hollow Men\" (1925), \"Ash Wednesday\" (1930), and \"Four Quartets\" (1943). He was also known for his seven plays, particularly \"Murder in the Cathedral\" (1935) and \"The Cocktail Party\" (1949). He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1948, \"for his outstanding, pioneer contribution to present-day poetry\". The Eliots were a Boston Brahmin family with roots in Old and New England. Thomas Eliot's paternal grandfather, William Greenleaf Eliot, had moved to St. Louis, Missouri, to establish a Unitarian Christian","title":"T. S. Eliot"},{"id":"13920883","text":"Centers located around the world. PEN Pinter Prize The PEN Pinter Prize and the Pinter International Writer of Courage Award both comprise an annual literary award launched in 2009 by English PEN in honour of the late Nobel Literature Prize-winning playwright Harold Pinter, who had been a Vice President of English PEN and an active member of the International PEN Writers in Prison Committee (WiPC). The award is given to \"a British writer or a writer resident in Britain of outstanding literary merit who, in the words of Pinter’s Nobel speech ['Art, Truth and Politics'], casts an 'unflinching, unswerving' gaze","title":"PEN Pinter Prize"},{"id":"1951098","text":"include George Orwell, C. S. Lewis, H. G. Wells, Arthur Conan Doyle, Robert Louis Stevenson, D. H. Lawrence, Mary Shelley, Lewis Carroll, J. R. R. Tolkien, Virginia Woolf, Ian Fleming, Walter Scott, Agatha Christie, J. M. Barrie, Joseph Conrad, Graham Greene, E. M. Forster, Aldous Huxley, Roald Dahl, Arthur C. Clarke, Daphne du Maurier, Alan Moore, Ian McEwan, Anthony Burgess, Evelyn Waugh, William Golding, Salman Rushdie, Douglas Adams, P. G. Wodehouse, Martin Amis, J. G. Ballard, Beatrix Potter, A. A. Milne, Philip Pullman, Terry Pratchett, H. Rider Haggard, Enid Blyton, Neil Gaiman, Kazuo Ishiguro, and J. K. Rowling. Important British","title":"Culture of the United Kingdom"},{"id":"18051676","text":"Among his poems the longest are \"To Night\", and \"A Legacy of Love\", to his son aged four, whom he calls George the second, his predecessor being dead. Attribution George Davies Harley George Davies Harley (1762 – 28 November 1811), originally George Davies, was an English actor and poet. Harley was, according to one account, a tailor, and according to a second, a banker's clerk, and then a clerk in lottery offices. He received acting lessons from John Henderson, and made his first appearance on the stage as Richard III on 20 April 1785 at Norwich. Becoming known as the","title":"George Davies Harley"},{"id":"409707","text":"T. S. Eliot Thomas Stearns Eliot, (26 September 1888 – 4 January 1965), was an essayist, publisher, playwright, literary and social critic, and \"one of the twentieth century's major poets\". Born in St. Louis, Missouri, in the United States, to a prominent Boston Brahmin family, he moved to England in 1914 at the age of 25, settling, working, and marrying there. He became a British subject in 1927 at the age of 39, renouncing his American passport. Eliot attracted widespread attention for his poem \"The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock\" (1915), which was seen as a masterpiece of the","title":"T. S. Eliot"},{"id":"11002896","text":"Macleod's 'Drinan' correspondence. Macleod moved to Florence in 1955, where he lived until his death in 1984. His work was re-discovered in the late 1990s, and \"Cyclic Serial Zeiths From the Flux: The Selected Poems of Joseph Macleod\", edited and with an introduction by Andrew Duncan, was published by Waterloo Press in 2008. From 'Cancer, or, The Crab', a section of \"The Ecliptic\" (London: Faber and Faber, 1930) Joseph Macleod Joseph Todd Gordon Macleod (1903–1984) was a British poet, actor, playwright, theatre director, theatre historian and BBC newsreader. He also published poetry under the pseudonym Adam Drinan. Macleod was the","title":"Joseph Macleod"},{"id":"12363896","text":"Amundsen, Henry James, Jack Johnson, Wilhelm II, Paul von Hindenburg, Ferdinand Foch, George V of the United Kingdom, Lloyd George, Lord Kitchener, The Red Baron, T. E. Lawrence (Lawrence of Arabia), Mata Hari, Lenin, Henry Ford, Douglas Fairbanks, Mary Pickford, Charlie Chaplin, Greta Garbo, John Gilbert, Sigmund Freud, Pablo Picasso, Igor Stravinsky, Albert Einstein, Albert Schweitzer Suzanne Lenglen, Anna Pavlova, Nellie Melba, Amy Johnson, Malcolm Campbell, Henry Seagrave, Jack Hobbs, Donald Bradman, Babe Ruth, Jack Dempsey, Charles Lindbergh, Al Capone, Louis Armstrong, Duke Ellington, Josephine Baker, F. Scott Fitzgerald, Rudolph Valentino, D. H. Lawrence, James Joyce, Coco Chanel, Noël Coward,","title":"Fame in the 20th Century"},{"id":"4776623","text":"Blake Morrison Philip Blake Morrison (born 8 October 1950) is an English poet and author who has published in a wide range of fiction and non-fiction genres. His greatest success came with the publication of his memoirs \"And When Did You Last See Your Father?\" which won the J. R. Ackerley Prize for Autobiography. He has also written a study of the murder of James Bulger, \"As If\". Since 2003, Morrison has been Professor of Creative and Life Writing at Goldsmiths College, University of London. He is a Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature. Morrison was born in Skipton,","title":"Blake Morrison"},{"id":"13920881","text":"PEN Pinter Prize The PEN Pinter Prize and the Pinter International Writer of Courage Award both comprise an annual literary award launched in 2009 by English PEN in honour of the late Nobel Literature Prize-winning playwright Harold Pinter, who had been a Vice President of English PEN and an active member of the International PEN Writers in Prison Committee (WiPC). The award is given to \"a British writer or a writer resident in Britain of outstanding literary merit who, in the words of Pinter’s Nobel speech ['Art, Truth and Politics'], casts an 'unflinching, unswerving' gaze upon the world and shows","title":"PEN Pinter Prize"},{"id":"19498092","text":"as an Irish Senator for two terms. Yeats was a driving force behind the Irish Literary Revival. In 1923 he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature, the first Irishman so honoured. Yeats is generally considered one of the few writers who completed their greatest works after being awarded the Nobel Prize: these works include \"The Tower\" (1928) and \"The Winding Stair and Other Poems\" (1929). In addition to W. B. Yeats other important early modernist poets were the American poets T. S. Eliot (1888–1965) and Ezra Pound (1885–1972). Eliot became a British citizen in 1927 but was born and","title":"Twentieth-century English literature"},{"id":"459260","text":"his eyes. Congreve suffered a carriage accident in late September 1728, from which he never recovered (having probably received an internal injury); he died in London in January 1729, and was buried in Poets' Corner in Westminster Abbey. Two of Congreve's phrases from \"The Mourning Bride\" (1697) have become famous, although sometimes misquoted or misattributed to William Shakespeare. Congreve coined another famous phrase in \"Love for Love\" (1695): William Congreve William Congreve (24 January 1670 – 19 January 1729) was an English playwright and poet of the Restoration period. He is known for his clever, satirical dialogue and influence on","title":"William Congreve"},{"id":"12375196","text":"of an English Opium-Eater\" (1821), Essayist William Hazlitt (1778–1830), friend of both Coleridge and Wordsworth, is best known today for his literary criticism, especially \"Characters of Shakespeare's Plays\" (1817–18). The second generation of Romantic poets includes Lord Byron (1788–1824), Percy Bysshe Shelley (1792–1822) and John Keats (1795–1821). Byron, however, was still influenced by 18th-century satirists and was, perhaps the least 'romantic' of the three, preferring \"the brilliant wit of Pope to what he called the 'wrong poetical system' of his Romantic contemporaries\". Byron achieved enormous fame and influence throughout Europe and Goethe called Byron \"undoubtedly the greatest genius of our","title":"English literature"},{"id":"8030461","text":"and Wales. The campaign was supported by another charity, English PEN, and writers including Carol Ann Duffy, the Poet Laureate of the United Kingdom; Mark Haddon; Sarah Waters; David Hare (playwright); A. L. Kennedy; Alan Bennett; Salman Rushdie; Joanne Harris; Ian Rankin; Irvine Welsh; Nick Hornby; Ruth Padel and Philip Pullman. The campaign was successful. In December 2014, High Court judge Mr Justice Collins ruled that there was \"no good reason\" to restrict access to books for prisoners. The Howard League campaigned against the criminal courts charge, which required defendants who were convicted of a crime to pay fees ranging","title":"Howard League for Penal Reform"},{"id":"1951099","text":"poets of the 20th century include Rudyard Kipling, W. H. Auden, Ted Hughes, Philip Larkin, T. S. Eliot, John Betjeman and Dylan Thomas. Created in 1969, the Man Booker Prize is the highest profile British literary award. It is awarded each year in early October for the best original novel, written in English and published in the UK. Devised in 1988, the Hay Festival is an annual literature festival held in Hay-on-Wye in Wales for ten days from May to June. In 2003 the BBC carried out a UK survey entitled \"The Big Read\" in order to find the \"nation's","title":"Culture of the United Kingdom"},{"id":"1565965","text":"of this disparity was in relation to \"Cymbeline\", which was hosted by playwright and screenwriter Dennis Potter. In his review for \"The Observer\" of both the production and the \"Perspective\" show, Julian Barnes wrote \"several furlongs understandably separate the left hand of the BBC from the right one. Only rarely, though, do we witness such a cameo of intermanual incomprehension as occurred last week within their Shakespeare cycle: the right hand seizing a hammer and snappishly nailing the left hand to the arm of the chair.\" Barnes points out that clearly, Potter had not seen the show when recording his","title":"BBC Television Shakespeare"},{"id":"3865995","text":"E. W. Hornung Ernest William Hornung (7 June 1866 – 22 March 1921) was an English author and poet known for writing the A. J. Raffles series of stories about a gentleman thief in late 19th-century London. Hornung was educated at Uppingham School; as a result of poor health he left the school in December 1883 to travel to Sydney, where he stayed for two years. He drew on his Australian experiences as a background when he began writing, initially short stories and later novels. In 1898 he wrote \"In the Chains of Crime\", which introduced Raffles and his sidekick,","title":"E. W. Hornung"},{"id":"15605066","text":"Michael Codron Sir Michael Victor Codron (born 8 June 1930) is a British theatre producer, known for his productions of the early work of Harold Pinter, Christopher Hampton, David Hare, Simon Gray and Tom Stoppard. He has been honoured with a Laurence Olivier Award for Lifetime Achievement, and owns the Aldwych Theatre in the West End, London. Codron was born in London, and studied at Worcester College, Oxford. According to the American scholar and critic, John Nathan, Codron is possibly \"most famous for the risk he took on a then virtually unknown playwright called Harold Pinter, who had a play","title":"Michael Codron"},{"id":"15778161","text":"Samuel Jackson Pratt Samuel Jackson Pratt (25 December 1749 – 4 October 1814) was a prolific English poet, dramatist and novelist, writing under the pseudonym of \"Courtney Melmoth\" as well as under his own name. He authored around 40 publications between 1770 and 1810, some of which are still published today, and is probably best remembered as the author of \"Emma Corbett: or the Miseries of Civil War,\" (1780) and the poem \"Sympathy\" (1788). Although his reputation was tainted by scandal during his lifetime, he is today recognised as an early campaigner for animal welfare and the first English writer","title":"Samuel Jackson Pratt"},{"id":"10727","text":"I had to say? I said \"Bless Daddy,\" so what can it be? Oh! Now I remember it. God bless Me.\" </poem> A. A. Milne Alan Alexander Milne (; 18 January 1882 – 31 January 1956) was a British author, best known for his books about the teddy bear Winnie-the-Pooh and for various poems. Milne was a noted writer, primarily as a playwright, before the huge success of Pooh overshadowed all his previous work. Milne served in both World Wars, joining the British Army in World War I, and was a captain of the British Home Guard in World War","title":"A. A. Milne"},{"id":"12375226","text":"early decades of the new century, there were also many fine writers who, like Thomas Hardy, were not modernists. During the early decades of the twentieth-century the Georgian poets like Rupert Brooke (1887–1915), and Walter de la Mare (1873–1956), maintained a conservative approach to poetry by combining romanticism, sentimentality and hedonism. Another Georgian poet, Edward Thomas (1878–1917) is one of the First World War poets along with Wilfred Owen (1893–1918), Rupert Brooke (1887–1915), Isaac Rosenberg (1890–1917), and Siegfried Sassoon (1886–1967). Irish playwrights George Bernard Shaw (1856–1950), J.M. Synge (1871–1909) and Seán O'Casey were influential in British drama. Shaw's career began","title":"English literature"},{"id":"367891","text":"Robert Louis Stevenson Robert Louis Stevenson (13 November 1850 – 3 December 1894) was a Scottish novelist, poet, essayist, musician and travel writer. His most famous works are \"Treasure Island\", \"Kidnapped\", \"Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde\", and \"A Child's Garden of Verses\". He was a literary celebrity during his lifetime, and now ranks as the 26th most translated author in the world. His works have been admired by many other writers, including Jorge Luis Borges, Bertolt Brecht, Marcel Proust, Arthur Conan Doyle, Henry James, Cesare Pavese, Emilio Salgari, Ernest Hemingway, Rudyard Kipling, Jack London, Vladimir Nabokov, J.","title":"Robert Louis Stevenson"},{"id":"3828716","text":"astronomer, natural philosopher, alchemist and theologian. Tennyson - after locally born Alfred Lord Tennyson (6 August 1809 – 6 October 1892) who was Poet Laureate of the United Kingdom and one of the most popular classical English poets of all time. The Education Reform Act of 1988 introduced the concept of Grant-maintained schools which shifted the school funding away from the local education authority to direct grant support by central government. Skegness Grammar was the first school in the UK to both apply for and be awarded grant maintained status. The grant maintained system was dis-established by the new Labour","title":"Skegness Grammar School"},{"id":"1951152","text":"Daldry, Edgar Wright, Martin McDonagh, Matthew Vaughn, Richard Curtis, Danny Boyle, Stephen Frears, Ken Loach, Mike Leigh, John Boorman, Gareth Edwards, Steve McQueen and Sam Mendes. British actors and actresses have always been significant in international cinema. Well-known currently active performers include Tom Hardy, Jude Law, Daniel Craig, Kate Winslet, Catherine Zeta-Jones, Hugh Grant, Colin Firth, Ewan McGregor, Ian McKellen, Daniel Radcliffe, Emma Watson, Keira Knightley, Ralph Fiennes, Tilda Swinton, Andy Serkis, Orlando Bloom, Christian Bale, Idris Elba, Sacha Baron Cohen, Luke Evans, Emma Thompson, Simon Pegg, Paul Bettany, Kate Beckinsale, Michael Sheen, Helena Bonham Carter, Hugh Laurie, Ben Kingsley,","title":"Culture of the United Kingdom"},{"id":"2025869","text":"for Godot\", Among those influenced were Harold Pinter (1930–2008), (\"The Birthday Party\", 1958), and Tom Stoppard (1937– ) (\"Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are Dead\",1966). The Theatres Act 1968 abolished the system of censorship of the stage that had existed in Great Britain since 1737. The new freedoms of the London stage were tested by Howard Brenton's \"The Romans in Britain\", first staged at the National Theatre during 1980, and subsequently the focus of an unsuccessful private prosecution in 1982. Other playwrights whose careers began later in the century are: Sir Alan Ayckbourn (\"Absurd Person Singular\", 1972), Michael Frayn (1933–) playwright and","title":"British literature"},{"id":"10702","text":"A. A. Milne Alan Alexander Milne (; 18 January 1882 – 31 January 1956) was a British author, best known for his books about the teddy bear Winnie-the-Pooh and for various poems. Milne was a noted writer, primarily as a playwright, before the huge success of Pooh overshadowed all his previous work. Milne served in both World Wars, joining the British Army in World War I, and was a captain of the British Home Guard in World War II. Alan Alexander Milne was born in Kilburn, London to parents John Vine Milne, who was born in Jamaica, and Sarah Marie","title":"A. A. Milne"},{"id":"15778179","text":"promote the interests of virtue, none of these errors should be remembered in his epitaph.\" Samuel Jackson Pratt Samuel Jackson Pratt (25 December 1749 – 4 October 1814) was a prolific English poet, dramatist and novelist, writing under the pseudonym of \"Courtney Melmoth\" as well as under his own name. He authored around 40 publications between 1770 and 1810, some of which are still published today, and is probably best remembered as the author of \"Emma Corbett: or the Miseries of Civil War,\" (1780) and the poem \"Sympathy\" (1788). Although his reputation was tainted by scandal during his lifetime, he","title":"Samuel Jackson Pratt"},{"id":"13319394","text":"and October 1892, there was a break of four years as a mark of respect; Tennyson's laureate poems \"Ode on the Death of the Duke of Wellington\" and \"The Charge of the Light Brigade\" were particularly cherished by the Victorian public. Five poets, Thomas Gray, Samuel Rogers, Walter Scott, Philip Larkin and Seamus Heaney, turned down the laureateship. The holder of the position as of 2018 is Carol Ann Duffy, who was appointed in May 2009 on a fixed ten-year term. The origins of the poet laureateship date back to 1616 when James I of England granted a pension to","title":"Poet Laureate of the United Kingdom"},{"id":"902450","text":"Harold Pinter Harold Pinter (; 10 October 1930 – 24 December 2008) was a Nobel Prize-winning British playwright, screenwriter, director and actor. One of the most influential modern British dramatists, his writing career spanned more than 50 years. His best-known plays include \"The Birthday Party\" (1957), \"The Homecoming\" (1964), and \"Betrayal\" (1978), each of which he adapted for the screen. His screenplay adaptations of others' works include \"The Servant\" (1963), \"The Go-Between\" (1971), \"The French Lieutenant's Woman\" (1981), \"The Trial\" (1993), and \"Sleuth\" (2007). He also directed or acted in radio, stage, television, and film productions of his own and","title":"Harold Pinter"},{"id":"14535309","text":"Anonymous (2011 film) Anonymous is a 2011 period drama film directed by Roland Emmerich and written by John Orloff. The film is a version of the life of Edward de Vere, 17th Earl of Oxford, an Elizabethan courtier, playwright, poet and patron of the arts, and suggests he was the actual author of William Shakespeare's plays. It stars Rhys Ifans as de Vere and Vanessa Redgrave as Queen Elizabeth I of England. The film premiered at the Toronto International Film Festival on September 11, 2011. Produced by Centropolis Entertainment and Studio Babelsberg and distributed by Columbia Pictures, \"Anonymous\" was released","title":"Anonymous (2011 film)"},{"id":"2899057","text":"reconciliation and, according to her, had instead attempted to murder her. Poet and playwright Charles Beckingham wrote a defensive pamphlet called \"The Life of Mr. Richard Savage\", and even Lord Tyrconnel, Mrs Brett's own nephew, petitioned to the king and queen for a pardon. Savage eventually escaped the death penalty by the intercession of the Countess of Hertford, who appealed to Queen Caroline. Savage's conviction for murder and the subsequent pardon gained him a considerable amount of fame, and his story was sought over by booksellers and discussed in salons and coffeehouses, along with the behaviour of Mrs Brett. His","title":"Richard Savage (poet)"},{"id":"12239566","text":"Love Letters of Great Men Love Letters of Great Men, Vol. 1 is an anthology of romantic letters written by leading male historical figures. The book plays a key role in the plot of the American film \"Sex and the City\". The book includes love letters written by Roman poet Ovid, explorer Sir Walter Raleigh, writer Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, novelist Nathaniel Hawthorne, poet Robert Browning, short story writer Edgar Allan Poe, novelist Mark Twain, mathematician Lewis Carroll, physicist Pierre Curie, playwright George Bernard Shaw, adventurer Jack London, Admiral Robert Peary, President Woodrow Wilson, poet Lord Byron, poet John Keats,","title":"Love Letters of Great Men"},{"id":"12631834","text":"Michael Hastings (playwright) Michael Gerald Hastings (2 September 1938 – 19 November 2011) was a British playwright, screenwriter, and occasional novelist and poet. He is best known for his 1984 stage play and 1994 screenplay about the poet T.S. Eliot and his wife Vivienne Haigh-Wood, \"Tom & Viv\". Hastings was born in London, UK. His early plays (\"Don't Destroy Me\" (1956), \"Yes And After\" (1957)) reflected the influence of the Angry Young Men movement and his brief involvement with the circle surrounding Colin Wilson. He later enjoyed mainstream West End success with \"Gloo Joo\" (1978), a farce about a West","title":"Michael Hastings (playwright)"},{"id":"20906208","text":"Dean Atta Dean Atta is a British poet of Greek Cypriot and Caribbean descent. He has been listed by \"The Independent\" newspaper as one of the 100 most influential LGBT people in the United Kingdom. In 2012, his poem \"I Am Nobody's Nigger,\" written in response to the use of the racial slur by the murderers of Stephen Lawrence, achieved much social media coverage, and he was profiled in The Guardian.. His poetry, which often deals with questions of identity and social justice, has been featured on Radio 4, and he has been commissioned to write for museums and galleries","title":"Dean Atta"},{"id":"19716843","text":"Marlowe Memorial The Marlowe Memorial is a statue and four statuettes erected in memory of the playwright and poet Christopher Marlowe in 1891 in Canterbury, England. The memorial was commissioned by a Marlowe Memorial Committee, and comprises a bronze statue, The Muse of Poetry sculpted by Edward Onslow Ford, standing on a plinth decorated with statuettes of actors playing Marlowe roles. The statue is now situated outside the city's Marlowe Theatre. A Marlow Memorial Committee was established in 1888, arising out of a conception on the part of the Elizabethan Society of Toynbee Hall, that Marlowe, perhaps because of his","title":"Marlowe Memorial"},{"id":"11792778","text":"Noël Coward Sir Noël Peirce Coward (16 December 189926 March 1973) was an English playwright, composer, director, actor and singer, known for his wit, flamboyance, and what \"Time\" magazine called \"a sense of personal style, a combination of cheek and chic, pose and poise\". Coward attended a dance academy in London as a child, making his professional stage début at the age of eleven. As a teenager he was introduced into the high society in which most of his plays would be set. Coward achieved enduring success as a playwright, publishing more than 50 plays from his teens onwards. Many","title":"Noël Coward"},{"id":"6004270","text":"These various thinkers were united by a distrust of Victorian positivism and certainty. Modernism as a literary movement can also be seen as a reaction to industrialization, urbanization and new technologies. Important literary precursors of modernism were Fyodor Dostoyevsky (1821–81) (\"Crime and Punishment\" (1866), \"The Brothers Karamazov\" (1880)); Walt Whitman (1819–92) (\"Leaves of Grass\") (1855–91); Charles Baudelaire (1821–67) (\"Les Fleurs du mal\"), Rimbaud (1854–91) (\"Illuminations\", 1874); August Strindberg (1849–1912), especially his later plays, including the trilogy \"To Damascus\" 1898–1901, \"A Dream Play\" (1902), \"The Ghost Sonata\" (1907). Initially, some modernists fostered a utopian spirit, stimulated by innovations in anthropology, psychology,","title":"Literary modernism"},{"id":"11812013","text":"in theatres across the world to this day. They include tragedies, such as \"Hamlet\" (1603), \"Othello\" (1604), and \"King Lear\" (1605); comedies, such as \"A Midsummer Night's Dream\" (1594—96) and \"Twelfth Night\" (1602); and history plays, such as \"Henry IV, part 1—2\". The Elizabethan age is sometimes nicknamed \"the age of Shakespeare\" for the amount of influence he held over the era. Other important Elizabethan and 17th-century playwrights include Ben Jonson, Christopher Marlowe, and John Webster. The English playwrights were intrigued by Italian model: a conspicuous community of Italian actors had settled in London. The linguist and lexicographer John Florio","title":"Theatre of the United Kingdom"},{"id":"2025822","text":"of Wakefield\" (1766), a pastoral poem \"The Deserted Village\" (1770) and two plays, \"The Good-Natur'd Man\" 1768 and \"She Stoops to Conquer\" 1773. Sheridan was born in Dublin, but his family moved to England in the 1750s. His first play, \"The Rivals\" 1775, was performed at Covent Garden and was an instant success. He went on to become the most significant London playwright of the late 18th century with plays like \"The School for Scandal\" and \"The Critic\". Sterne published his famous novel \"Tristram Shandy\" in parts between 1759 and 1767. The sentimental novel or the novel of sensibility is","title":"British literature"},{"id":"1542989","text":"written with John Dryden, who would be named the next (and first officially by letters patent) Poet Laureate. He died in London on 7 April 1668, shortly after his final play, \"The Man's the Master\", was first performed. He is buried in Poets' Corner at Westminster Abbey where the inscription on his tablet reads \"O rare Sir William Davenant.\" It has been noted that the original inscription on Ben Jonson's tablet, which was already removed by the time Davenant died, was \"O Rare Ben,\" which was the name Shakespeare supposedly had for Jonson. Both are puns on the Latin \"orare\",","title":"William Davenant"},{"id":"457894","text":"William Wordsworth William Wordsworth (7 April 1770 – 23 April 1850) was a major English Romantic poet who, with Samuel Taylor Coleridge, helped to launch the Romantic Age in English literature with their joint publication \"Lyrical Ballads\" (1798). Wordsworth's \"magnum opus\" is generally considered to be \"The Prelude\", a semi-autobiographical poem of his early years that he revised and expanded a number of times. It was posthumously titled and published, before which it was generally known as \"the poem to Coleridge\". Wordsworth was Britain's poet laureate from 1843 until his death from pleurisy on 23 April 1850. The second of","title":"William Wordsworth"},{"id":"697918","text":"was attacked in Rose Alley near his home in Covent Garden by thugs hired by John Wilmot, 2nd Earl of Rochester, with whom he had a long-standing conflict. Dryden's greatest achievements were in satiric verse: the mock-heroic \"Mac Flecknoe\", a more personal product of his laureate years, was a lampoon circulated in manuscript and an attack on the playwright Thomas Shadwell. Dryden's main goal in the work is to \"satirize Shadwell, ostensibly for his offenses against literature but more immediately we may suppose for his habitual badgering of him on the stage and in print.\" It is not a belittling","title":"John Dryden"},{"id":"6288989","text":"of the church for £440 (a considerable sum of money at the time). A monument on the wall nearest his grave, probably placed by his family, features a bust showing Shakespeare posed in the act of writing. Each year on his claimed birthday, a new quill pen is placed in the writing hand of the bust. He is believed to have written the epitaph on his tombstone. Life of William Shakespeare William Shakespeare was an actor, playwright, poet, and theatre entrepreneur in London during the late Elizabethan and early Jacobean eras. He was baptised on 26 April 1564 in Stratford-upon-Avon","title":"Life of William Shakespeare"},{"id":"5478369","text":"Ludovic Kennedy Sir Ludovic Henry Coverley Kennedy (3 November 191918 October 2009) was a British journalist, broadcaster, humanist and author best known for re-examining cases such as the Lindbergh kidnapping and the murder convictions of Timothy Evans and Derek Bentley, and for his role in the abolition of the death penalty in the United Kingdom. Kennedy was born in 1919 in Edinburgh, the son of a career Royal Navy officer, Edward Coverley Kennedy, and his wife, Rosalind Grant, daughter of Sir Ludovic Grant, 11th Baronet. His mother Rosalind was a cousin of the Conservative politician Robert Boothby, later Lord Boothby.","title":"Ludovic Kennedy"},{"id":"10971045","text":"Harold Pinter and academia Harold Pinter and academia concerns academic recognition of and scholarship pertaining to Harold Pinter, CH, CBE (1930–2008), English playwright, screenwriter, actor, director, poet, author, political activist, and the 2005 Nobel Laureate in Literature, at the time of his death considered by many \"the most influential and imitated dramatist of his generation.\" Among the honours received during his lifetime, Pinter was the recipient of 20 honorary degrees or fellowships conferred by European and American academic institutions, and he was an Honorary Fellow of the Modern Language Association of America (MLA) (1970). In 2006 Pinter was elected a","title":"Harold Pinter and academia"},{"id":"419341","text":"annual Ted Hughes Festival. Many of Ted Hughes's poems have been published as limited-edition broadsides. Ted Hughes Edward James Hughes (17 August 1930 – 28 October 1998) was an English poet and children's writer. Critics frequently rank him as one of the best poets of his generation, and one of the twentieth century's greatest writers. He served as Poet Laureate from 1984 until his death. In 2008 \"The Times\" ranked Hughes fourth on their list of \"The 50 greatest British writers since 1945\". Hughes was married to American poet Sylvia Plath from 1956 until her suicide in 1963 at the","title":"Ted Hughes"},{"id":"2086307","text":"be successful. This is composed of 9 people from various disciplines from across the country. The panel is chaired by Professor Ronald Hutton, and includes former Poet Laureate Professor Sir Andrew Motion and buildings historian Professor Gavin Stamp. The actor and broadcaster Stephen Fry was formerly a member of the panel, and wrote the foreword to the book \"Lived in London: Blue Plaques and the Stories Behind Them\" (2009). Roughly a third of proposals are approved in principle, and are placed on a shortlist. Because the scheme is so popular, and because a lot of detailed research has to be","title":"Blue plaque"},{"id":"429244","text":"in character. Daniel Owen is credited as the first Welsh-language novelist, publishing \"Rhys Lewis\" in 1885. The best-known of the Anglo-Welsh poets are both Thomases. Dylan Thomas became famous on both sides of the Atlantic in the mid-20th century. He is remembered for his poetry—his \"Do not go gentle into that good night; Rage, rage against the dying of the light\" is one of the most quoted couplets of English language verse—and for his \"play for voices\", \"Under Milk Wood\". The influential Church in Wales \"poet-priest\" and Welsh nationalist R. S. Thomas was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature","title":"United Kingdom"},{"id":"1952879","text":"Haydn's oratorio \"The Seasons\". Thomson is one of the sixteen Scottish poets and writers appearing on the Scott Monument on Princes Street in Edinburgh. He appears on the right side of the east face. Thomson has a large memorial in Poets' Corner of Westminster Abbey next to William Shakespeare and underneath his countryman, Robert Burns. James Thomson (poet, born 1700) James Thomson (c. 11 September 1700 – 27 August 1748) was a British poet and playwright, known for his poems \"The Seasons\" and \"The Castle of Indolence\", and for the lyrics of \"Rule, Britannia!\". James Thomson was born in Ednam","title":"James Thomson (poet, born 1700)"},{"id":"20906209","text":"including the Keats House Museum, the National Portrait Gallery, Tate Britain and Tate Modern.. In 2018, Atta served as a judge for the BBC Young Writers Award. Dean Atta Dean Atta is a British poet of Greek Cypriot and Caribbean descent. He has been listed by \"The Independent\" newspaper as one of the 100 most influential LGBT people in the United Kingdom. In 2012, his poem \"I Am Nobody's Nigger,\" written in response to the use of the racial slur by the murderers of Stephen Lawrence, achieved much social media coverage, and he was profiled in The Guardian.. His poetry,","title":"Dean Atta"},{"id":"419296","text":"Ted Hughes Edward James Hughes (17 August 1930 – 28 October 1998) was an English poet and children's writer. Critics frequently rank him as one of the best poets of his generation, and one of the twentieth century's greatest writers. He served as Poet Laureate from 1984 until his death. In 2008 \"The Times\" ranked Hughes fourth on their list of \"The 50 greatest British writers since 1945\". Hughes was married to American poet Sylvia Plath from 1956 until her suicide in 1963 at the age of 30. Some feminists and some American admirers of Plath blamed him for her","title":"Ted Hughes"},{"id":"1720090","text":"Samuel Rogers Samuel Rogers (30 July 1763 – 18 December 1855) was an English poet, during his lifetime one of the most celebrated, although his fame has long since been eclipsed by his Romantic colleagues and friends Wordsworth, Coleridge and Byron. His recollections of these and other friends such as Charles James Fox are key sources for information about London artistic and literary life, with which he was intimate, and which he used his wealth to support. He made his money as a banker and was also a discriminating art collector. Rogers was born at Newington Green, then a village","title":"Samuel Rogers"},{"id":"2025889","text":"Day. World Book Day is observed in Britain and the Crown Dependencies on the first Thursday in March annually. British recipients of the Nobel Prize in Literature include Rudyard Kipling (1907), John Galsworthy (1932), T. S. Eliot (1948), Bertrand Russell (1950), Winston Churchill (1953), William Golding (1983), V. S. Naipaul (2001), Harold Pinter (2005) Doris Lessing (2007), and Kazuo Ishiguro (2017). Literary prizes for which writers from the United Kingdom are eligible include: British literature British literature is literature from the United Kingdom, Isle of Man, and Channel Islands. This article covers British literature in the English language. Anglo-Saxon (Old","title":"British literature"},{"id":"13382944","text":"Other events: 16th century: 1490s in poetry Nationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature (for instance, Irish or France). 1491: 1492: 1493: 1494: 1495: 1496: 1497: 1498: 1499: Death years link to the corresponding \"[year] in poetry\" article. There are conflicting or unreliable sources for the birth years of many people born in this period; where sources conflict, the poet is listed again and the conflict is noted: 1490: 1491: 1492: 1493: 1494: 1495: 1496: 1497: 1498: 1499: Birth years link to the corresponding \"[year] in poetry\" article: 1490: 1491: 1492: 1493: 1494: 1495:","title":"1490s in poetry"},{"id":"466995","text":"William Golding Sir William Gerald Golding, (19 September 1911 – 19 June 1993) was a British novelist, playwright, and poet. Best known for his novel \"Lord of the Flies\", he won a Nobel Prize in Literature and was awarded the Booker Prize for fiction in 1980 for his novel \"Rites of Passage\", the first book in what became his sea trilogy, \"To the Ends of the Earth\". Golding was knighted in 1988. He was a fellow of the Royal Society of Literature. In 2008, \"The Times\" ranked Golding third on their list of \"The 50 greatest British writers since 1945\".","title":"William Golding"},{"id":"4273436","text":"Timeline of Shakespeare criticism This article is a collection of critical quotations and other criticism against William Shakespeare and his works. Shakespeare enjoyed recognition in his own time, but in the 17th century, poets and authors began to consider him as the supreme dramatist and poet of all times of the English language. In fact, even today, no other dramatist has been performed even remotely as often on the British (and later the world) stage as Shakespeare Since then, several editors and critics of theater began to focus on the dramatic text and the language of Shakespeare, creating a study","title":"Timeline of Shakespeare criticism"},{"id":"1951111","text":"children's book) won seven 2012 Olivier Awards. In 2017, \"Harry Potter and the Cursed Child\" won nine Olivier Awards. The Royal Shakespeare Company, at Stratford-upon-Avon, produces mainly but not exclusively Shakespeare plays. Important modern playwrights include Nobel laureate Harold Pinter, Tom Stoppard, Alan Ayckbourn, John Osborne, Michael Frayn and Arnold Wesker. While the British national anthem \"God Save the Queen\" and other patriotic songs such as \"Rule, Britannia!\" represent the United Kingdom, each of the four individual countries of the UK also has its own patriotic hymns. Edward Elgar's \"Land of Hope and Glory\", and William Blake's poem \"And did","title":"Culture of the United Kingdom"},{"id":"10175644","text":"alternative author of the Shakespearean canon, preferring instead to remain agnostic on the identity of the author while steadfastly maintaining that the traditional view of authorship was ultimately indefensible. In 1922 he joined with J. Thomas Looney to establish The Shakespeare Fellowship, the organisation which subsequently carried forward public discussion of the authorship question up to the 1940s. His major publications include: George Greenwood Sir Granville George Greenwood (3 January 1850 – 27 October 1928), usually known as George Greenwood or G. G. Greenwood, was a British lawyer, politician, cricketer, animal welfare reformer and energetic advocate of the Shakespeare authorship","title":"George Greenwood"},{"id":"17792435","text":"1907: 1908: 1909: 1910: 1911: 1912: 1913: 1914: 1915: 1917: 1918: 1920: 1921: 1922: 1923: 1925: 1926: 1927: 1928: 1929: 1930: 1931: 1932: 1933: 1934: 1935: 1936: 1937: 1938: 1940: 1941: 1942: 1943: 1945: 1946: 1947: 1949: 1950: 1951: 1955: 1957: 1959: 1962: 1963: 1964: 1965: 1966: 1969: 1970: 1971: 1972: 1975: 1976: 1977: 1978: 1979: 1980: 1982: 1983: 1984: 1987: 1988: 1994: 1996: 2001: 2005–2006: 2006: 2011: 2013: 2016: Timeline of women's education This is a timeline of women's education. 1237 1239 1608 1636 1639 1644 1674 1678 1685 1727 1732 1742 1751 1783 1786 1787 1788 1803 1818","title":"Timeline of women's education"},{"id":"7726325","text":"resolve or explain\" it (\"O.E.D.\" 12), which becomes very relevant when we see that—whether the author intended it or not—it is possible to re-interpret the whole poem on Shakespeare's monument (\"Stay Passenger...\") as in fact inviting us to solve a puzzle revealing who is \"in\" the monument \"with\" Shakespeare. The apparent answer turns out to be \"Christofer Marley\"—as Marlowe is known to have spelt his own name—who, it says, with Shakespeare's death no longer has a \"page\" to dish up his wit. Calvin Hoffman, author of \"The Man Who Was Shakespeare\" (1955), died in 1988, still absolutely convinced that Marlowe","title":"Marlovian theory of Shakespeare authorship"},{"id":"606472","text":"290 that Percy Bysshe Shelley was murdered; \"Poems on Japan\" (1967). \"Artists Rifles\", an audiobook CD published in 2004, includes a reading of \"Concert Party, Busseboom\" by Blunden himself, recorded in 1964 by the British Council. Other World War I poets heard on the CD include Siegfried Sassoon, Edgell Rickword, Graves, David Jones and Lawrence Binyon. Blunden can also be heard on \"Memorial Tablet\", an audiobook of readings by Sassoon issued in 2003. Edmund Blunden Edmund Charles Blunden, CBE, MC (1 November 1896 – 20 January 1974) was an English poet, author and critic. Like his friend Siegfried Sassoon, he","title":"Edmund Blunden"},{"id":"2025833","text":"second generation of Romantic poets includes Lord Byron (1788–1824), Percy Bysshe Shelley (1792–1822) and John Keats (1795–1821). Byron, however, was still influenced by 18th-century satirists and was, perhaps, the least \"romantic\" of the three, preferring \"the brilliant wit of Pope to what he called the 'wrong poetical system' of his Romantic contemporaries\". Though John Keats shared Byron and Shelley's radical politics, \"his best poetry is not political\". but is especially noted for its sensuous music and imagery, along with a concern with material beauty and the transience of life. Among his most famous works are: \"The Eve of St Agnes\",","title":"British literature"},{"id":"546206","text":"1960, and subsequent publication of the full text, ensured Lawrence's popularity (and notoriety) with a wider public. Since 2008, an annual D. H. Lawrence Festival has been organised in Eastwood to celebrate Lawrence's life and works; in September 2016, events were held in Cornwall to celebrate the centenary of Lawrence's connection with Zennor. D. H. Lawrence David Herbert Lawrence (11 September 1885 – 2 March 1930) was an English writer and poet. His collected works represent, among other things, an extended reflection upon the dehumanising effects of modernity and industrialisation. Some of the issues Lawrence explores are sexuality, emotional health,","title":"D. H. Lawrence"},{"id":"49177","text":"of both sides but agreeing with the opponents of ordinary language philosophy. In the King's Birthday Honours of 9 June 1949, Russell was awarded the Order of Merit, and the following year he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature. When he was given the Order of Merit, George VI was affable but slightly embarrassed at decorating a former jailbird, saying, \"You have sometimes behaved in a manner that would not do if generally adopted\". Russell merely smiled, but afterwards claimed that the reply \"That's right, just like your brother\" immediately came to mind. In 1952 Russell was divorced by","title":"Bertrand Russell"},{"id":"19716849","text":"the city, the muse being thrown to the ground. She was remounted, but facing in a new direction, an error corrected only in 1964. Two statuettes were stolen in 1977. Most recently the statue was again relocated to stand outside the Marlowe Theatre, Ian McKellen performing a rededication ceremony in 1993. Marlowe Memorial The Marlowe Memorial is a statue and four statuettes erected in memory of the playwright and poet Christopher Marlowe in 1891 in Canterbury, England. The memorial was commissioned by a Marlowe Memorial Committee, and comprises a bronze statue, The Muse of Poetry sculpted by Edward Onslow Ford,","title":"Marlowe Memorial"},{"id":"1443149","text":"John Osborne John James Osborne (Fulham, London, 12 December 1929 – 24 December 1994) was an English playwright, screenwriter and actor, known for his excoriating prose and intense critical stance towards established social and political norms. The success of his 1956 play \"Look Back in Anger\" transformed English theatre. In a productive life of more than 40 years, Osborne explored many themes and genres, writing for stage, film and TV. His personal life was extravagant and iconoclastic. He was notorious for the ornate violence of his language, not only on behalf of the political causes he supported but also against","title":"John Osborne"},{"id":"1443115","text":"John Osborne John James Osborne (Fulham, London, 12 December 1929 – 24 December 1994) was an English playwright, screenwriter and actor, known for his excoriating prose and intense critical stance towards established social and political norms. The success of his 1956 play \"Look Back in Anger\" transformed English theatre. In a productive life of more than 40 years, Osborne explored many themes and genres, writing for stage, film and TV. His personal life was extravagant and iconoclastic. He was notorious for the ornate violence of his language, not only on behalf of the political causes he supported but also against","title":"John Osborne"},{"id":"4165678","text":"Reputation of William Shakespeare In his own time, William Shakespeare (1564–1616) was rated as merely one among many talented playwrights and poets, but since the late 17th century he has been considered the supreme playwright and poet of the English language. No other dramatist has been performed even remotely as often on the world stage as Shakespeare. The plays have often been drastically adapted in performance. During the 18th and 19th centuries, the era of the great acting stars, to be a star on the British stage was synonymous with being a great Shakespearean actor. Then the emphasis was placed","title":"Reputation of William Shakespeare"},{"id":"14357446","text":"R.C. Churchill says that the first documented expression of doubt about Shakespeare's authorship came in 1760, in a farce entitled \"High Life Below Stairs\" in which a Miss Kitty poses the question: \"Who wrote Shakespeare?\" The Duke responds \"Ben Jonson.\" Lady Bab then cries; \"Oh, no! Shakespeare was written by one Mr. Finis, for I saw his name at the end of the book.\" Churchill writes that, while not a very \"profound\" joke, there \"must have been, in the mid-eighteenth century, a certain amount of discussion as to the authenticity of the traditional authorship of Shakespeare, and the substitution of","title":"History of the Shakespeare authorship question"},{"id":"894061","text":"generation of playwrights. His plays (\"The Duchess of Malfi\", \"The White Devil\") are known for their 'blood and gore', which is humorously referred to by the child saying that he enjoys \"Titus Andronicus\", and also saying of \"Romeo and Juliet\", when asked his opinion by the Queen, \"I liked it when she stabbed herself.\" When the clown Will Kempe (Patrick Barlow) says to Shakespeare that he would like to play in a drama, he is told that \"they would laugh at Seneca if you played it,\" a reference to the Roman tragedian renowned for his sombre and bloody plot lines","title":"Shakespeare in Love"},{"id":"5658591","text":"not previously completed, is in pre-production in 2018. The footage is available for viewing through the Fundació Antoni Tàpies. ODNB article by Richard Cork, 'Penrose, Sir Roland Algernon (1900–1984)', rev. \"Oxford Dictionary of National Biography\", Oxford University Press, 2004; online edn, May 2006 accessed 27 May 2009 Roland Penrose Sir Roland Algernon Penrose CBE (14 October 1900 – 23 April 1984) was an English artist, historian and poet. He was a major promoter and collector of modern art and an associate of the surrealists in the United Kingdom. During the Second World War he put his artistic skills to practical","title":"Roland Penrose"},{"id":"1438285","text":"prey to the collective mirage of a new order, to stay wide awake while others succumb to the lethe of the group mind, to resist the gaze of modern Gorgons\". Tony Harrison Tony Harrison (born 30 April 1937) is an English poet, translator and playwright. He was born in Leeds and he received his education in Classics from Leeds Grammar School and Leeds University. He is one of Britain's foremost verse writers and many of his works have been performed at the Royal National Theatre. He is noted for controversial works such as the poem \"V\", as well as his","title":"Tony Harrison"},{"id":"14004591","text":"venue, seating about 150. The style was set by the first production, \"Jupiter Translated\", an adaptation of Molière's \"Amphitryon\" by W. J. Turner with a ballet by Rupert Doone as entr'acte. The theatre's reputation was established in 1935 by the first London productions of T. S. Eliot's \"Murder in the Cathedral\", transferred from Canterbury, and two years later by Auden and Isherwood's poetic play \"The Ascent of F6\". 1943 saw the production of Eugene O'Neill's \"Days Without End\". The Pilgrim Players' seasons in 1945-1947, under the direction of E. Martin Browne, consolidated the position of poetic drama at the Mercury","title":"Mercury Theatre, Notting Hill Gate"},{"id":"658609","text":"artists and photographers, Dahl was named the greatest storyteller of all time, ranking ahead of Dickens, Shakespeare, Rowling and Spielberg. In 2017, the airline Norwegian announced Dahl's image would appear on the tail fin one of their Boeing 737-800 aircraft. He is one of the company's six \"British tail fin heroes\", joining Queen frontman Freddie Mercury, England World Cup winner Bobby Moore, novelist Jane Austen, pioneering pilot Amy Johnson and aviation entrepreneur Freddie Laker. Roald Dahl Roald Dahl (; 13 September 1916 – 23 November 1990) was a British novelist, short story writer, poet, screenwriter, and fighter pilot. His books","title":"Roald Dahl"},{"id":"14470536","text":"Savage\" with J. M. Barrie which premiered at London's Criterion Theatre in 1891. In 1894, the English poet Rosamund Tomson left her husband, artist Arthur Graham Tomson, and eloped with Marriott Watson; their first and only son Richard was born on 6 October 1895. This resulted in a scandal, one which included the sudden changing of her established pen name from Graham R. Tomson to Rosamund Marriott Watson to honor her third husband, and cancelling a then forthcoming volume of poems. Her career subsequently suffered as many publishers avoided working with her in future. Rosamund and Arthur Tomson officially divorced","title":"H. B. Marriott Watson"},{"id":"1621641","text":"distinctly American themes, including some political issues such as abolition. They included Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, William Cullen Bryant, John Greenleaf Whittier, James Russell Lowell, and Oliver Wendell Holmes, Sr.. Longfellow achieved the highest level of acclaim and is often considered the first internationally acclaimed American poet, being the first American poet given a bust in Westminster Abbey's Poets' Corner. Walt Whitman (1819–1892) and Emily Dickinson (1830–1886), two of America's greatest 19th-century poets could hardly have been more different in temperament and style. Walt Whitman was a working man, a traveler, a self-appointed nurse during the American Civil War (1861–1865), and","title":"American literature"},{"id":"13161668","text":"were published in the newspaper itself. The 1974 winner was Charles Nicholl, who went on to become well-known for historical biographies. It was re-invigorated with the support of literary agents Peters Fraser + Dunlop in 2015 under the new name Sunday Times / Peters Fraser + Dunlop Young Writer of the Year Award. 1974 Winner - Charles Nicholl, 'The Ups and The Downs', the author's disturbing and humorous account of a bad lsd trip in London. In 1999, Paul Farley's \"The Boy from the Chemist is Here to See You\" \"was so well received\", according to the \"Encyclopedia of British","title":"Sunday Times Young Writer of the Year Award"},{"id":"9087971","text":"Sean O'Brien (writer) Sean O'Brien (born 19 December 1952 in London) is a British poet, critic and playwright. His prizes include the Eric Gregory Award (1979), the Somerset Maugham Award (1984), the Cholmondeley Award (1988), the Forward Poetry Prize (2001 and 2007) and the T. S. Eliot Prize (2007). He is one of only two poets (the other being John Burnside) to have won both the T. S. Eliot Prize and the Forward Poetry Prize for the same collection of poems (The Drowned Book). He grew up in Hull, and was educated at Hymers College and Selwyn College, Cambridge. He","title":"Sean O'Brien (writer)"},{"id":"1613330","text":"satire of T. S. Eliot's \"Burnt Norton\". Eliot himself was amused by \"Chard Whitlow\"'s mournful imitations of his poetic style (\"As we get older we do not get any younger ...\"). Reed made a radio programme, reading all of \"Lessons of the War\", which was broadcast on the BBC's Network Three on 14 February 1966. He was often confused with the poet and critic Herbert Read (1893 – 1968); the two men were unrelated. Reed responded to this confusion by naming his 'alter ego' biographer in the \"Hilda Tablet\" plays \"Herbert Reeve\" and then by having everyone get the name","title":"Henry Reed (poet)"},{"id":"429242","text":"(the creator of Sherlock Holmes), romantic literature by Sir Walter Scott, the children's writer J. M. Barrie, the epic adventures of Robert Louis Stevenson and the celebrated poet Robert Burns. More recently the modernist and nationalist Hugh MacDiarmid and Neil M. Gunn contributed to the Scottish Renaissance. A more grim outlook is found in Ian Rankin's stories and the psychological horror-comedy of Iain Banks. Scotland's capital, Edinburgh, was UNESCO's first worldwide City of Literature. Britain's oldest known poem, \"Y Gododdin\", was composed in \"Yr Hen Ogledd\" (\"The Old North\"), most likely in the late 6th century. It was written in","title":"United Kingdom"},{"id":"7501158","text":"is recognised as a major influence on the early work of Peter Cook, particularly the E. L. Wisty monologues. Many comparisons have been drawn to the work of key absurdist playwright Eugène Ionesco. However, Simpson denies any link, adding that he had never even heard of the writer when he commenced a career in nonsense. In his own view, the valid literary parallels are with Lewis Carroll, James Thurber and P. G. Wodehouse. Simpson’s early work must also be viewed in its cultural context. BBC Radio’s \"The Goon Show\" was widely admired, bringing surrealism to the masses for the first","title":"N. F. Simpson"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"id\": \"1409642\",\n \"text\": \"Richard Brinsley Sheridan Richard Brinsley Butler Sheridan (30 October 17517 July 1816) was an Irish satirist, a playwright, poet, and long-term owner of the London Theatre Royal, Drury Lane. He is known for his plays such as \\\"The Rivals\\\", \\\"The School for Scandal\\\", \\\"The Duenna\\\", and \\\"A Trip to Scarborough\\\". He was also a Whig MP for 32 years in the British House of Commons for Stafford (1780–1806), Westminster (1806–1807), and Ilchester (1807–1812). He is buried at Poets' Corner in Westminster Abbey. His plays remain a central part of the canon and are regularly performed worldwide. RB Sheridan was born\",\n \"title\": \"Richard Brinsley Sheridan\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"429239\",\n \"text\": \"the Channel Islands. Most British literature is in the English language. In 2005, some 206,000 books were published in the United Kingdom and in 2006 it was the largest publisher of books in the world. The English playwright and poet William Shakespeare is widely regarded as the greatest dramatist of all time, and his contemporaries Christopher Marlowe and Ben Jonson have also been held in continuous high esteem. More recently the playwrights Alan Ayckbourn, Harold Pinter, Michael Frayn, Tom Stoppard and David Edgar have combined elements of surrealism, realism and radicalism. Notable pre-modern and early-modern English writers include Geoffrey Chaucer\",\n \"title\": \"United Kingdom\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1364193\",\n \"text\": \"John Betjeman Sir John Betjeman (; 28 August 190619 May 1984) was an English poet, writer, and broadcaster who described himself in \\\"Who's Who\\\" as a \\\"poet and hack\\\". He was Poet Laureate of the United Kingdom from 1972 until his death. He was a founding member of the Victorian Society and a passionate defender of Victorian architecture. He began his career as a journalist and ended it as one of the most popular British Poets Laureate and a much-loved figure on British television. Betjeman was born John Betjemann. He was the son of a prosperous silverware maker of Dutch\",\n \"title\": \"John Betjeman\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1627033\",\n \"text\": \"was executed for trying to blow up the Parliament of England; Oliver Cromwell, who created a republican England; Richard III, suspected of murdering his nephews; James Connolly, an Irish nationalist and socialist who was executed by the Crown in 1916; and a surprisingly high ranking of 17th for actor and singer Michael Crawford (the second highest-ranked entertainer, after John Lennon). Diana, Princess of Wales was judged to be a greater historical figure than Isaac Newton, William Shakespeare, and Charles Darwin by BBC respondents to the survey. One of the more controversial figures to be included on the list was occultist\",\n \"title\": \"100 Greatest Britons\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1480072\",\n \"text\": \"1930s W. H. Auden and Christopher Isherwood co-authored verse dramas, of which The Ascent of F6 (1936) is the most notable, that owed much to Bertolt Brecht. T. S. Eliot had begun this attempt to revive poetic drama with \\\"Sweeney Agonistes\\\" in 1932, and this was followed by \\\"The Rock\\\" (1934), \\\"Murder in the Cathedral\\\" (1935) and \\\"The Family Reunion\\\" (1939). There were three further plays after the war. An important cultural movement in the British theatre which developed in the late 1950s and early 1960s was Kitchen sink realism (or \\\"kitchen sink drama\\\"), a term coined to describe art\",\n \"title\": \"English drama\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11812038\",\n \"text\": \"the most notable, that owed much to Bertolt Brecht. T. S. Eliot had begun this attempt to revive poetic drama with \\\"Sweeney Agonistes\\\" in 1932, and this was followed by \\\"The Rock\\\" (1934), \\\"Murder in the Cathedral\\\" (1935) and \\\"Family Reunion\\\" (1939). There were three further plays after the war. Saunders Lewis (1893–1985), writer in Welsh, was above all a dramatist. His earliest published play was \\\"Blodeuwedd\\\" (The woman of flowers) (1923–25, revised 1948). Other notable plays include \\\"Buchedd Garmon\\\" (The life of Germanus) (radio play, 1936) and several others after the war. James Bridie, the pseudonym used by Osborne\",\n \"title\": \"Theatre of the United Kingdom\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19498095\",\n \"text\": \"were between the Victorian era, with its strict classicism, and Modernism, with its strident rejection of pure aestheticism. Edward Thomas (1878–1917) is sometimes treated as another Georgian poet. Thomas enlisted in 1915 and is one of the First World War poets along with Wilfred Owen (1893–1918), Rupert Brooke (1887–1915), Isaac Rosenberg (1890–1917), Edmund Blunden (1896–1974) and Siegfried Sassoon (1886–1967). Irish playwrights George Bernard Shaw (1856–1950) and J.M. Synge (1871–1909) were influential in British drama. Shaw's career began in the last decade of the 19th century, while Synge's plays belong to the first decade of the 20th century. Synge's most famous\",\n \"title\": \"Twentieth-century English literature\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1364224\",\n \"text\": \"was also instrumental in saving the Duke of Cornwall Hotel in Plymouth. Some works include: John Betjeman Sir John Betjeman (; 28 August 190619 May 1984) was an English poet, writer, and broadcaster who described himself in \\\"Who's Who\\\" as a \\\"poet and hack\\\". He was Poet Laureate of the United Kingdom from 1972 until his death. He was a founding member of the Victorian Society and a passionate defender of Victorian architecture. He began his career as a journalist and ended it as one of the most popular British Poets Laureate and a much-loved figure on British television. Betjeman\",\n \"title\": \"John Betjeman\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"409774\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"The Waste Land,\\\") and James Joyce. Below are a partial list of honours and awards received by T.S. Eliot or bestowed or created in his honour. These honours are displayed in order of precedence based on Eliot's nationality and rules of protocol, not awarding date. Source: T. S. Eliot Thomas Stearns Eliot, (26 September 1888 – 4 January 1965), was an essayist, publisher, playwright, literary and social critic, and \\\"one of the twentieth century's major poets\\\". Born in St. Louis, Missouri, in the United States, to a prominent Boston Brahmin family, he moved to England in 1914 at the age\",\n \"title\": \"T. S. Eliot\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"586027\",\n \"text\": \"John Fletcher and his collaborators. The comedy \\\"The Widow\\\" was printed in 1652 as the work of Thomas Middleton, Fletcher and Jonson, though scholars have been intensely sceptical about Jonson's presence in the play. A few attributions of anonymous plays, such as \\\"The London Prodigal\\\", have been ventured by individual researchers, but have met with cool responses. Ben Jonson Benjamin Jonson (\\\"c\\\". 11 June 1572 – \\\"c\\\". 16 August 1637) was an English playwright, poet, actor, and literary critic, whose artistry exerted a lasting impact upon English poetry and stage comedy. He popularised the comedy of humours. He is best\",\n \"title\": \"Ben Jonson\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1409657\",\n \"text\": \"1795, Richard B. Sheridan married Hester Jane Ogle (1776–1817), daughter of the Dean of Winchester. They had at least one child: Charles Brinsley Sheridan (1796–1843). At one time Sheridan owned Downe House, Richmond Hill in London. He also wrote a selection of poems and political speeches during his time in parliament. <!-- and Richard Brinsley Sheridan Richard Brinsley Butler Sheridan (30 October 17517 July 1816) was an Irish satirist, a playwright, poet, and long-term owner of the London Theatre Royal, Drury Lane. He is known for his plays such as \\\"The Rivals\\\", \\\"The School for Scandal\\\", \\\"The Duenna\\\", and \\\"A\",\n \"title\": \"Richard Brinsley Sheridan\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2642856\",\n \"text\": \"Nicholas Rowe (writer) Nicholas Rowe (; 20 June 1674 – 6 December 1718), English dramatist, poet and miscellaneous writer, was appointed Poet Laureate of the United Kingdom in 1715. His plays and poems were well-received during his lifetime, with one of his translations described as one of the greatest productions in English poetry. He was also considered the first editor of the works of William Shakespeare. Nicholas Rowe was born in Little Barford, Bedfordshire, England, son of John Rowe (d. 1692), barrister and sergeant-at-law, and Elizabeth, daughter of Jasper Edwards, on 20 June 1674. His family possessed a considerable estate\",\n \"title\": \"Nicholas Rowe (writer)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"429241\",\n \"text\": \"classics Rudyard Kipling, A. A. Milne (the creator of Winnie-the-Pooh), Roald Dahl and Enid Blyton; the controversial D. H. Lawrence; the modernist Virginia Woolf; the satirist Evelyn Waugh; the prophetic novelist George Orwell; the popular novelists W. Somerset Maugham and Graham Greene; the crime writer Agatha Christie (the best-selling novelist of all time); Ian Fleming (the creator of James Bond); the poets T.S. Eliot, Philip Larkin and Ted Hughes; the fantasy writers J. R. R. Tolkien, C. S. Lewis and J. K. Rowling; the graphic novelists Alan Moore and Neil Gaiman. Scotland's contributions include the detective writer Arthur Conan Doyle\",\n \"title\": \"United Kingdom\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"761502\",\n \"text\": \"Eugene O'Neill Eugene Gladstone O'Neill (October 16, 1888 – November 27, 1953) was an American playwright and Nobel laureate in Literature. His poetically titled plays were among the first to introduce into U.S. drama techniques of realism earlier associated with Russian playwright Anton Chekhov, Norwegian playwright Henrik Ibsen, and Swedish playwright August Strindberg. The drama \\\"Long Day's Journey into Night\\\" is often numbered on the short list of the finest U.S. plays in the 20th century, alongside Tennessee Williams's \\\"A Streetcar Named Desire\\\" and Arthur Miller's \\\"Death of a Salesman\\\". O'Neill's plays were among the first to include speeches in\",\n \"title\": \"Eugene O'Neill\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"656736\",\n \"text\": \"American playwrights, screenwriters and novelists who got their start in radio drama are Rod Serling and Irwin Shaw. In Britain, however, during the 1930s BBC programming, tended to be more high brow, including the works of Shakespeare, Classical Greek drama, as well as the works of major modern playwrights, such as Chekhov, Ibsen, Strindberg, and so forth. Novels and short stories were also frequently dramatised. In addition the plays of contemporary writers and original plays were produced, with, for example, a broadcast of T. S. Eliot's famous verse play \\\"Murder in the Cathedral\\\" in 1936. By 1930, the BBC was\",\n \"title\": \"Radio drama\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11967937\",\n \"text\": \"written under his chin,\\\" in the later days of his reign as monarch. This statement by Pahlavi was an adaptation of another saying, \\\"If you lift a mullah's beard, you will find 'Made in Britain' stamped on his chin.\\\" On 7 January 1978, the state news agency \\\"Ettela'at\\\" also published an article accusing Khomeini of being a British agent and a \\\"mad Indian poet.\\\" According to the article These days thoughts turn once again to the colonialism of the black and the red, that is to say, to old and new colonialism. Black referring to feudal forces and red to\",\n \"title\": \"British–Ruhollah Khomeini conspiracy theory\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19498105\",\n \"text\": \"and a room of her own if she is to write fiction\\\". In the 1930s W. H. Auden and Christopher Isherwood co-authored verse dramas, of which The Ascent of F6 (1936) is the most notable, that owed much to Bertolt Brecht. T. S. Eliot had begun this attempt to revive poetic drama with \\\"Sweeney Agonistes\\\" in 1932, and this was followed by \\\"The Rock\\\" (1934), \\\"Murder in the Cathedral\\\" (1935) and \\\"Family Reunion\\\" (1939). There were three further plays after the war. \\\"In Parenthesis\\\", a modernist epic poem by David Jones (1895–1974) first published in 1937, is probably the best\",\n \"title\": \"Twentieth-century English literature\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2642866\",\n \"text\": \"also wrote a memoir of Boileau prefixed to a translation of the \\\"Lutrin\\\". He also wrote a version of Lucan's Pharsalia. \\\"Source:\\\" Nicholas Rowe (writer) Nicholas Rowe (; 20 June 1674 – 6 December 1718), English dramatist, poet and miscellaneous writer, was appointed Poet Laureate of the United Kingdom in 1715. His plays and poems were well-received during his lifetime, with one of his translations described as one of the greatest productions in English poetry. He was also considered the first editor of the works of William Shakespeare. Nicholas Rowe was born in Little Barford, Bedfordshire, England, son of John\",\n \"title\": \"Nicholas Rowe (writer)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"902539\",\n \"text\": \"Indiana University at Bloomington; the Mandeville Special Collections Library, Geisel Library, at the University of California, San Diego; the British Film Institute, in London; and the Margaret Herrick Library, Pickford Center for Motion Picture Study, the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, Beverly Hills, California. Harold Pinter Harold Pinter (; 10 October 1930 – 24 December 2008) was a Nobel Prize-winning British playwright, screenwriter, director and actor. One of the most influential modern British dramatists, his writing career spanned more than 50 years. His best-known plays include \\\"The Birthday Party\\\" (1957), \\\"The Homecoming\\\" (1964), and \\\"Betrayal\\\" (1978), each of\",\n \"title\": \"Harold Pinter\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1401091\",\n \"text\": \"His detective novel, \\\"The Sad Variety\\\" (1964), contains a scathing portrayal of doctrinaire communists, the Soviet Union's repression of the 1956 Hungarian uprising, and the ruthless tactics of Soviet intelligence agents. Cecil Day-Lewis Cecil Day-Lewis (or Day Lewis) (27 April 1904 – 22 May 1972), often writing as C. Day-Lewis, was an Anglo-Irish poet and the Poet Laureate of the United Kingdom from 1968 until his death in 1972. He also wrote mystery stories under the pseudonym of Nicholas Blake. He is the father of Sir Daniel Day-Lewis, a noted actor, and Tamasin Day-Lewis, a documentary filmmaker and television chef.\",\n \"title\": \"Cecil Day-Lewis\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"409708\",\n \"text\": \"Modernist movement. It was followed by some of the best-known poems in the English language, including \\\"The Waste Land\\\" (1922), \\\"The Hollow Men\\\" (1925), \\\"Ash Wednesday\\\" (1930), and \\\"Four Quartets\\\" (1943). He was also known for his seven plays, particularly \\\"Murder in the Cathedral\\\" (1935) and \\\"The Cocktail Party\\\" (1949). He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1948, \\\"for his outstanding, pioneer contribution to present-day poetry\\\". The Eliots were a Boston Brahmin family with roots in Old and New England. Thomas Eliot's paternal grandfather, William Greenleaf Eliot, had moved to St. Louis, Missouri, to establish a Unitarian Christian\",\n \"title\": \"T. S. Eliot\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13920883\",\n \"text\": \"Centers located around the world. PEN Pinter Prize The PEN Pinter Prize and the Pinter International Writer of Courage Award both comprise an annual literary award launched in 2009 by English PEN in honour of the late Nobel Literature Prize-winning playwright Harold Pinter, who had been a Vice President of English PEN and an active member of the International PEN Writers in Prison Committee (WiPC). The award is given to \\\"a British writer or a writer resident in Britain of outstanding literary merit who, in the words of Pinter’s Nobel speech ['Art, Truth and Politics'], casts an 'unflinching, unswerving' gaze\",\n \"title\": \"PEN Pinter Prize\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1951098\",\n \"text\": \"include George Orwell, C. S. Lewis, H. G. Wells, Arthur Conan Doyle, Robert Louis Stevenson, D. H. Lawrence, Mary Shelley, Lewis Carroll, J. R. R. Tolkien, Virginia Woolf, Ian Fleming, Walter Scott, Agatha Christie, J. M. Barrie, Joseph Conrad, Graham Greene, E. M. Forster, Aldous Huxley, Roald Dahl, Arthur C. Clarke, Daphne du Maurier, Alan Moore, Ian McEwan, Anthony Burgess, Evelyn Waugh, William Golding, Salman Rushdie, Douglas Adams, P. G. Wodehouse, Martin Amis, J. G. Ballard, Beatrix Potter, A. A. Milne, Philip Pullman, Terry Pratchett, H. Rider Haggard, Enid Blyton, Neil Gaiman, Kazuo Ishiguro, and J. K. Rowling. Important British\",\n \"title\": \"Culture of the United Kingdom\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18051676\",\n \"text\": \"Among his poems the longest are \\\"To Night\\\", and \\\"A Legacy of Love\\\", to his son aged four, whom he calls George the second, his predecessor being dead. Attribution George Davies Harley George Davies Harley (1762 – 28 November 1811), originally George Davies, was an English actor and poet. Harley was, according to one account, a tailor, and according to a second, a banker's clerk, and then a clerk in lottery offices. He received acting lessons from John Henderson, and made his first appearance on the stage as Richard III on 20 April 1785 at Norwich. Becoming known as the\",\n \"title\": \"George Davies Harley\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"409707\",\n \"text\": \"T. S. Eliot Thomas Stearns Eliot, (26 September 1888 – 4 January 1965), was an essayist, publisher, playwright, literary and social critic, and \\\"one of the twentieth century's major poets\\\". Born in St. Louis, Missouri, in the United States, to a prominent Boston Brahmin family, he moved to England in 1914 at the age of 25, settling, working, and marrying there. He became a British subject in 1927 at the age of 39, renouncing his American passport. Eliot attracted widespread attention for his poem \\\"The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock\\\" (1915), which was seen as a masterpiece of the\",\n \"title\": \"T. S. Eliot\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11002896\",\n \"text\": \"Macleod's 'Drinan' correspondence. Macleod moved to Florence in 1955, where he lived until his death in 1984. His work was re-discovered in the late 1990s, and \\\"Cyclic Serial Zeiths From the Flux: The Selected Poems of Joseph Macleod\\\", edited and with an introduction by Andrew Duncan, was published by Waterloo Press in 2008. From 'Cancer, or, The Crab', a section of \\\"The Ecliptic\\\" (London: Faber and Faber, 1930) Joseph Macleod Joseph Todd Gordon Macleod (1903–1984) was a British poet, actor, playwright, theatre director, theatre historian and BBC newsreader. He also published poetry under the pseudonym Adam Drinan. Macleod was the\",\n \"title\": \"Joseph Macleod\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12363896\",\n \"text\": \"Amundsen, Henry James, Jack Johnson, Wilhelm II, Paul von Hindenburg, Ferdinand Foch, George V of the United Kingdom, Lloyd George, Lord Kitchener, The Red Baron, T. E. Lawrence (Lawrence of Arabia), Mata Hari, Lenin, Henry Ford, Douglas Fairbanks, Mary Pickford, Charlie Chaplin, Greta Garbo, John Gilbert, Sigmund Freud, Pablo Picasso, Igor Stravinsky, Albert Einstein, Albert Schweitzer Suzanne Lenglen, Anna Pavlova, Nellie Melba, Amy Johnson, Malcolm Campbell, Henry Seagrave, Jack Hobbs, Donald Bradman, Babe Ruth, Jack Dempsey, Charles Lindbergh, Al Capone, Louis Armstrong, Duke Ellington, Josephine Baker, F. Scott Fitzgerald, Rudolph Valentino, D. H. Lawrence, James Joyce, Coco Chanel, Noël Coward,\",\n \"title\": \"Fame in the 20th Century\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4776623\",\n \"text\": \"Blake Morrison Philip Blake Morrison (born 8 October 1950) is an English poet and author who has published in a wide range of fiction and non-fiction genres. His greatest success came with the publication of his memoirs \\\"And When Did You Last See Your Father?\\\" which won the J. R. Ackerley Prize for Autobiography. He has also written a study of the murder of James Bulger, \\\"As If\\\". Since 2003, Morrison has been Professor of Creative and Life Writing at Goldsmiths College, University of London. He is a Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature. Morrison was born in Skipton,\",\n \"title\": \"Blake Morrison\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13920881\",\n \"text\": \"PEN Pinter Prize The PEN Pinter Prize and the Pinter International Writer of Courage Award both comprise an annual literary award launched in 2009 by English PEN in honour of the late Nobel Literature Prize-winning playwright Harold Pinter, who had been a Vice President of English PEN and an active member of the International PEN Writers in Prison Committee (WiPC). The award is given to \\\"a British writer or a writer resident in Britain of outstanding literary merit who, in the words of Pinter’s Nobel speech ['Art, Truth and Politics'], casts an 'unflinching, unswerving' gaze upon the world and shows\",\n \"title\": \"PEN Pinter Prize\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19498092\",\n \"text\": \"as an Irish Senator for two terms. Yeats was a driving force behind the Irish Literary Revival. In 1923 he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature, the first Irishman so honoured. Yeats is generally considered one of the few writers who completed their greatest works after being awarded the Nobel Prize: these works include \\\"The Tower\\\" (1928) and \\\"The Winding Stair and Other Poems\\\" (1929). In addition to W. B. Yeats other important early modernist poets were the American poets T. S. Eliot (1888–1965) and Ezra Pound (1885–1972). Eliot became a British citizen in 1927 but was born and\",\n \"title\": \"Twentieth-century English literature\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"459260\",\n \"text\": \"his eyes. Congreve suffered a carriage accident in late September 1728, from which he never recovered (having probably received an internal injury); he died in London in January 1729, and was buried in Poets' Corner in Westminster Abbey. Two of Congreve's phrases from \\\"The Mourning Bride\\\" (1697) have become famous, although sometimes misquoted or misattributed to William Shakespeare. Congreve coined another famous phrase in \\\"Love for Love\\\" (1695): William Congreve William Congreve (24 January 1670 – 19 January 1729) was an English playwright and poet of the Restoration period. He is known for his clever, satirical dialogue and influence on\",\n \"title\": \"William Congreve\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12375196\",\n \"text\": \"of an English Opium-Eater\\\" (1821), Essayist William Hazlitt (1778–1830), friend of both Coleridge and Wordsworth, is best known today for his literary criticism, especially \\\"Characters of Shakespeare's Plays\\\" (1817–18). The second generation of Romantic poets includes Lord Byron (1788–1824), Percy Bysshe Shelley (1792–1822) and John Keats (1795–1821). Byron, however, was still influenced by 18th-century satirists and was, perhaps the least 'romantic' of the three, preferring \\\"the brilliant wit of Pope to what he called the 'wrong poetical system' of his Romantic contemporaries\\\". Byron achieved enormous fame and influence throughout Europe and Goethe called Byron \\\"undoubtedly the greatest genius of our\",\n \"title\": \"English literature\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8030461\",\n \"text\": \"and Wales. The campaign was supported by another charity, English PEN, and writers including Carol Ann Duffy, the Poet Laureate of the United Kingdom; Mark Haddon; Sarah Waters; David Hare (playwright); A. L. Kennedy; Alan Bennett; Salman Rushdie; Joanne Harris; Ian Rankin; Irvine Welsh; Nick Hornby; Ruth Padel and Philip Pullman. The campaign was successful. In December 2014, High Court judge Mr Justice Collins ruled that there was \\\"no good reason\\\" to restrict access to books for prisoners. The Howard League campaigned against the criminal courts charge, which required defendants who were convicted of a crime to pay fees ranging\",\n \"title\": \"Howard League for Penal Reform\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1951099\",\n \"text\": \"poets of the 20th century include Rudyard Kipling, W. H. Auden, Ted Hughes, Philip Larkin, T. S. Eliot, John Betjeman and Dylan Thomas. Created in 1969, the Man Booker Prize is the highest profile British literary award. It is awarded each year in early October for the best original novel, written in English and published in the UK. Devised in 1988, the Hay Festival is an annual literature festival held in Hay-on-Wye in Wales for ten days from May to June. In 2003 the BBC carried out a UK survey entitled \\\"The Big Read\\\" in order to find the \\\"nation's\",\n \"title\": \"Culture of the United Kingdom\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1565965\",\n \"text\": \"of this disparity was in relation to \\\"Cymbeline\\\", which was hosted by playwright and screenwriter Dennis Potter. In his review for \\\"The Observer\\\" of both the production and the \\\"Perspective\\\" show, Julian Barnes wrote \\\"several furlongs understandably separate the left hand of the BBC from the right one. Only rarely, though, do we witness such a cameo of intermanual incomprehension as occurred last week within their Shakespeare cycle: the right hand seizing a hammer and snappishly nailing the left hand to the arm of the chair.\\\" Barnes points out that clearly, Potter had not seen the show when recording his\",\n \"title\": \"BBC Television Shakespeare\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3865995\",\n \"text\": \"E. W. Hornung Ernest William Hornung (7 June 1866 – 22 March 1921) was an English author and poet known for writing the A. J. Raffles series of stories about a gentleman thief in late 19th-century London. Hornung was educated at Uppingham School; as a result of poor health he left the school in December 1883 to travel to Sydney, where he stayed for two years. He drew on his Australian experiences as a background when he began writing, initially short stories and later novels. In 1898 he wrote \\\"In the Chains of Crime\\\", which introduced Raffles and his sidekick,\",\n \"title\": \"E. W. Hornung\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15605066\",\n \"text\": \"Michael Codron Sir Michael Victor Codron (born 8 June 1930) is a British theatre producer, known for his productions of the early work of Harold Pinter, Christopher Hampton, David Hare, Simon Gray and Tom Stoppard. He has been honoured with a Laurence Olivier Award for Lifetime Achievement, and owns the Aldwych Theatre in the West End, London. Codron was born in London, and studied at Worcester College, Oxford. According to the American scholar and critic, John Nathan, Codron is possibly \\\"most famous for the risk he took on a then virtually unknown playwright called Harold Pinter, who had a play\",\n \"title\": \"Michael Codron\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15778161\",\n \"text\": \"Samuel Jackson Pratt Samuel Jackson Pratt (25 December 1749 – 4 October 1814) was a prolific English poet, dramatist and novelist, writing under the pseudonym of \\\"Courtney Melmoth\\\" as well as under his own name. He authored around 40 publications between 1770 and 1810, some of which are still published today, and is probably best remembered as the author of \\\"Emma Corbett: or the Miseries of Civil War,\\\" (1780) and the poem \\\"Sympathy\\\" (1788). Although his reputation was tainted by scandal during his lifetime, he is today recognised as an early campaigner for animal welfare and the first English writer\",\n \"title\": \"Samuel Jackson Pratt\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10727\",\n \"text\": \"I had to say? I said \\\"Bless Daddy,\\\" so what can it be? Oh! Now I remember it. God bless Me.\\\" </poem> A. A. Milne Alan Alexander Milne (; 18 January 1882 – 31 January 1956) was a British author, best known for his books about the teddy bear Winnie-the-Pooh and for various poems. Milne was a noted writer, primarily as a playwright, before the huge success of Pooh overshadowed all his previous work. Milne served in both World Wars, joining the British Army in World War I, and was a captain of the British Home Guard in World War\",\n \"title\": \"A. A. Milne\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12375226\",\n \"text\": \"early decades of the new century, there were also many fine writers who, like Thomas Hardy, were not modernists. During the early decades of the twentieth-century the Georgian poets like Rupert Brooke (1887–1915), and Walter de la Mare (1873–1956), maintained a conservative approach to poetry by combining romanticism, sentimentality and hedonism. Another Georgian poet, Edward Thomas (1878–1917) is one of the First World War poets along with Wilfred Owen (1893–1918), Rupert Brooke (1887–1915), Isaac Rosenberg (1890–1917), and Siegfried Sassoon (1886–1967). Irish playwrights George Bernard Shaw (1856–1950), J.M. Synge (1871–1909) and Seán O'Casey were influential in British drama. Shaw's career began\",\n \"title\": \"English literature\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"367891\",\n \"text\": \"Robert Louis Stevenson Robert Louis Stevenson (13 November 1850 – 3 December 1894) was a Scottish novelist, poet, essayist, musician and travel writer. His most famous works are \\\"Treasure Island\\\", \\\"Kidnapped\\\", \\\"Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde\\\", and \\\"A Child's Garden of Verses\\\". He was a literary celebrity during his lifetime, and now ranks as the 26th most translated author in the world. His works have been admired by many other writers, including Jorge Luis Borges, Bertolt Brecht, Marcel Proust, Arthur Conan Doyle, Henry James, Cesare Pavese, Emilio Salgari, Ernest Hemingway, Rudyard Kipling, Jack London, Vladimir Nabokov, J.\",\n \"title\": \"Robert Louis Stevenson\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3828716\",\n \"text\": \"astronomer, natural philosopher, alchemist and theologian. Tennyson - after locally born Alfred Lord Tennyson (6 August 1809 – 6 October 1892) who was Poet Laureate of the United Kingdom and one of the most popular classical English poets of all time. The Education Reform Act of 1988 introduced the concept of Grant-maintained schools which shifted the school funding away from the local education authority to direct grant support by central government. Skegness Grammar was the first school in the UK to both apply for and be awarded grant maintained status. The grant maintained system was dis-established by the new Labour\",\n \"title\": \"Skegness Grammar School\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1951152\",\n \"text\": \"Daldry, Edgar Wright, Martin McDonagh, Matthew Vaughn, Richard Curtis, Danny Boyle, Stephen Frears, Ken Loach, Mike Leigh, John Boorman, Gareth Edwards, Steve McQueen and Sam Mendes. British actors and actresses have always been significant in international cinema. Well-known currently active performers include Tom Hardy, Jude Law, Daniel Craig, Kate Winslet, Catherine Zeta-Jones, Hugh Grant, Colin Firth, Ewan McGregor, Ian McKellen, Daniel Radcliffe, Emma Watson, Keira Knightley, Ralph Fiennes, Tilda Swinton, Andy Serkis, Orlando Bloom, Christian Bale, Idris Elba, Sacha Baron Cohen, Luke Evans, Emma Thompson, Simon Pegg, Paul Bettany, Kate Beckinsale, Michael Sheen, Helena Bonham Carter, Hugh Laurie, Ben Kingsley,\",\n \"title\": \"Culture of the United Kingdom\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2025869\",\n \"text\": \"for Godot\\\", Among those influenced were Harold Pinter (1930–2008), (\\\"The Birthday Party\\\", 1958), and Tom Stoppard (1937– ) (\\\"Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are Dead\\\",1966). The Theatres Act 1968 abolished the system of censorship of the stage that had existed in Great Britain since 1737. The new freedoms of the London stage were tested by Howard Brenton's \\\"The Romans in Britain\\\", first staged at the National Theatre during 1980, and subsequently the focus of an unsuccessful private prosecution in 1982. Other playwrights whose careers began later in the century are: Sir Alan Ayckbourn (\\\"Absurd Person Singular\\\", 1972), Michael Frayn (1933–) playwright and\",\n \"title\": \"British literature\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10702\",\n \"text\": \"A. A. Milne Alan Alexander Milne (; 18 January 1882 – 31 January 1956) was a British author, best known for his books about the teddy bear Winnie-the-Pooh and for various poems. Milne was a noted writer, primarily as a playwright, before the huge success of Pooh overshadowed all his previous work. Milne served in both World Wars, joining the British Army in World War I, and was a captain of the British Home Guard in World War II. Alan Alexander Milne was born in Kilburn, London to parents John Vine Milne, who was born in Jamaica, and Sarah Marie\",\n \"title\": \"A. A. Milne\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15778179\",\n \"text\": \"promote the interests of virtue, none of these errors should be remembered in his epitaph.\\\" Samuel Jackson Pratt Samuel Jackson Pratt (25 December 1749 – 4 October 1814) was a prolific English poet, dramatist and novelist, writing under the pseudonym of \\\"Courtney Melmoth\\\" as well as under his own name. He authored around 40 publications between 1770 and 1810, some of which are still published today, and is probably best remembered as the author of \\\"Emma Corbett: or the Miseries of Civil War,\\\" (1780) and the poem \\\"Sympathy\\\" (1788). Although his reputation was tainted by scandal during his lifetime, he\",\n \"title\": \"Samuel Jackson Pratt\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13319394\",\n \"text\": \"and October 1892, there was a break of four years as a mark of respect; Tennyson's laureate poems \\\"Ode on the Death of the Duke of Wellington\\\" and \\\"The Charge of the Light Brigade\\\" were particularly cherished by the Victorian public. Five poets, Thomas Gray, Samuel Rogers, Walter Scott, Philip Larkin and Seamus Heaney, turned down the laureateship. The holder of the position as of 2018 is Carol Ann Duffy, who was appointed in May 2009 on a fixed ten-year term. The origins of the poet laureateship date back to 1616 when James I of England granted a pension to\",\n \"title\": \"Poet Laureate of the United Kingdom\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"902450\",\n \"text\": \"Harold Pinter Harold Pinter (; 10 October 1930 – 24 December 2008) was a Nobel Prize-winning British playwright, screenwriter, director and actor. One of the most influential modern British dramatists, his writing career spanned more than 50 years. His best-known plays include \\\"The Birthday Party\\\" (1957), \\\"The Homecoming\\\" (1964), and \\\"Betrayal\\\" (1978), each of which he adapted for the screen. His screenplay adaptations of others' works include \\\"The Servant\\\" (1963), \\\"The Go-Between\\\" (1971), \\\"The French Lieutenant's Woman\\\" (1981), \\\"The Trial\\\" (1993), and \\\"Sleuth\\\" (2007). He also directed or acted in radio, stage, television, and film productions of his own and\",\n \"title\": \"Harold Pinter\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14535309\",\n \"text\": \"Anonymous (2011 film) Anonymous is a 2011 period drama film directed by Roland Emmerich and written by John Orloff. The film is a version of the life of Edward de Vere, 17th Earl of Oxford, an Elizabethan courtier, playwright, poet and patron of the arts, and suggests he was the actual author of William Shakespeare's plays. It stars Rhys Ifans as de Vere and Vanessa Redgrave as Queen Elizabeth I of England. The film premiered at the Toronto International Film Festival on September 11, 2011. Produced by Centropolis Entertainment and Studio Babelsberg and distributed by Columbia Pictures, \\\"Anonymous\\\" was released\",\n \"title\": \"Anonymous (2011 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2899057\",\n \"text\": \"reconciliation and, according to her, had instead attempted to murder her. Poet and playwright Charles Beckingham wrote a defensive pamphlet called \\\"The Life of Mr. Richard Savage\\\", and even Lord Tyrconnel, Mrs Brett's own nephew, petitioned to the king and queen for a pardon. Savage eventually escaped the death penalty by the intercession of the Countess of Hertford, who appealed to Queen Caroline. Savage's conviction for murder and the subsequent pardon gained him a considerable amount of fame, and his story was sought over by booksellers and discussed in salons and coffeehouses, along with the behaviour of Mrs Brett. His\",\n \"title\": \"Richard Savage (poet)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12239566\",\n \"text\": \"Love Letters of Great Men Love Letters of Great Men, Vol. 1 is an anthology of romantic letters written by leading male historical figures. The book plays a key role in the plot of the American film \\\"Sex and the City\\\". The book includes love letters written by Roman poet Ovid, explorer Sir Walter Raleigh, writer Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, novelist Nathaniel Hawthorne, poet Robert Browning, short story writer Edgar Allan Poe, novelist Mark Twain, mathematician Lewis Carroll, physicist Pierre Curie, playwright George Bernard Shaw, adventurer Jack London, Admiral Robert Peary, President Woodrow Wilson, poet Lord Byron, poet John Keats,\",\n \"title\": \"Love Letters of Great Men\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12631834\",\n \"text\": \"Michael Hastings (playwright) Michael Gerald Hastings (2 September 1938 – 19 November 2011) was a British playwright, screenwriter, and occasional novelist and poet. He is best known for his 1984 stage play and 1994 screenplay about the poet T.S. Eliot and his wife Vivienne Haigh-Wood, \\\"Tom & Viv\\\". Hastings was born in London, UK. His early plays (\\\"Don't Destroy Me\\\" (1956), \\\"Yes And After\\\" (1957)) reflected the influence of the Angry Young Men movement and his brief involvement with the circle surrounding Colin Wilson. He later enjoyed mainstream West End success with \\\"Gloo Joo\\\" (1978), a farce about a West\",\n \"title\": \"Michael Hastings (playwright)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20906208\",\n \"text\": \"Dean Atta Dean Atta is a British poet of Greek Cypriot and Caribbean descent. He has been listed by \\\"The Independent\\\" newspaper as one of the 100 most influential LGBT people in the United Kingdom. In 2012, his poem \\\"I Am Nobody's Nigger,\\\" written in response to the use of the racial slur by the murderers of Stephen Lawrence, achieved much social media coverage, and he was profiled in The Guardian.. His poetry, which often deals with questions of identity and social justice, has been featured on Radio 4, and he has been commissioned to write for museums and galleries\",\n \"title\": \"Dean Atta\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19716843\",\n \"text\": \"Marlowe Memorial The Marlowe Memorial is a statue and four statuettes erected in memory of the playwright and poet Christopher Marlowe in 1891 in Canterbury, England. The memorial was commissioned by a Marlowe Memorial Committee, and comprises a bronze statue, The Muse of Poetry sculpted by Edward Onslow Ford, standing on a plinth decorated with statuettes of actors playing Marlowe roles. The statue is now situated outside the city's Marlowe Theatre. A Marlow Memorial Committee was established in 1888, arising out of a conception on the part of the Elizabethan Society of Toynbee Hall, that Marlowe, perhaps because of his\",\n \"title\": \"Marlowe Memorial\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11792778\",\n \"text\": \"Noël Coward Sir Noël Peirce Coward (16 December 189926 March 1973) was an English playwright, composer, director, actor and singer, known for his wit, flamboyance, and what \\\"Time\\\" magazine called \\\"a sense of personal style, a combination of cheek and chic, pose and poise\\\". Coward attended a dance academy in London as a child, making his professional stage début at the age of eleven. As a teenager he was introduced into the high society in which most of his plays would be set. Coward achieved enduring success as a playwright, publishing more than 50 plays from his teens onwards. Many\",\n \"title\": \"Noël Coward\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6004270\",\n \"text\": \"These various thinkers were united by a distrust of Victorian positivism and certainty. Modernism as a literary movement can also be seen as a reaction to industrialization, urbanization and new technologies. Important literary precursors of modernism were Fyodor Dostoyevsky (1821–81) (\\\"Crime and Punishment\\\" (1866), \\\"The Brothers Karamazov\\\" (1880)); Walt Whitman (1819–92) (\\\"Leaves of Grass\\\") (1855–91); Charles Baudelaire (1821–67) (\\\"Les Fleurs du mal\\\"), Rimbaud (1854–91) (\\\"Illuminations\\\", 1874); August Strindberg (1849–1912), especially his later plays, including the trilogy \\\"To Damascus\\\" 1898–1901, \\\"A Dream Play\\\" (1902), \\\"The Ghost Sonata\\\" (1907). Initially, some modernists fostered a utopian spirit, stimulated by innovations in anthropology, psychology,\",\n \"title\": \"Literary modernism\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11812013\",\n \"text\": \"in theatres across the world to this day. They include tragedies, such as \\\"Hamlet\\\" (1603), \\\"Othello\\\" (1604), and \\\"King Lear\\\" (1605); comedies, such as \\\"A Midsummer Night's Dream\\\" (1594—96) and \\\"Twelfth Night\\\" (1602); and history plays, such as \\\"Henry IV, part 1—2\\\". The Elizabethan age is sometimes nicknamed \\\"the age of Shakespeare\\\" for the amount of influence he held over the era. Other important Elizabethan and 17th-century playwrights include Ben Jonson, Christopher Marlowe, and John Webster. The English playwrights were intrigued by Italian model: a conspicuous community of Italian actors had settled in London. The linguist and lexicographer John Florio\",\n \"title\": \"Theatre of the United Kingdom\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2025822\",\n \"text\": \"of Wakefield\\\" (1766), a pastoral poem \\\"The Deserted Village\\\" (1770) and two plays, \\\"The Good-Natur'd Man\\\" 1768 and \\\"She Stoops to Conquer\\\" 1773. Sheridan was born in Dublin, but his family moved to England in the 1750s. His first play, \\\"The Rivals\\\" 1775, was performed at Covent Garden and was an instant success. He went on to become the most significant London playwright of the late 18th century with plays like \\\"The School for Scandal\\\" and \\\"The Critic\\\". Sterne published his famous novel \\\"Tristram Shandy\\\" in parts between 1759 and 1767. The sentimental novel or the novel of sensibility is\",\n \"title\": \"British literature\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1542989\",\n \"text\": \"written with John Dryden, who would be named the next (and first officially by letters patent) Poet Laureate. He died in London on 7 April 1668, shortly after his final play, \\\"The Man's the Master\\\", was first performed. He is buried in Poets' Corner at Westminster Abbey where the inscription on his tablet reads \\\"O rare Sir William Davenant.\\\" It has been noted that the original inscription on Ben Jonson's tablet, which was already removed by the time Davenant died, was \\\"O Rare Ben,\\\" which was the name Shakespeare supposedly had for Jonson. Both are puns on the Latin \\\"orare\\\",\",\n \"title\": \"William Davenant\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"457894\",\n \"text\": \"William Wordsworth William Wordsworth (7 April 1770 – 23 April 1850) was a major English Romantic poet who, with Samuel Taylor Coleridge, helped to launch the Romantic Age in English literature with their joint publication \\\"Lyrical Ballads\\\" (1798). Wordsworth's \\\"magnum opus\\\" is generally considered to be \\\"The Prelude\\\", a semi-autobiographical poem of his early years that he revised and expanded a number of times. It was posthumously titled and published, before which it was generally known as \\\"the poem to Coleridge\\\". Wordsworth was Britain's poet laureate from 1843 until his death from pleurisy on 23 April 1850. The second of\",\n \"title\": \"William Wordsworth\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"697918\",\n \"text\": \"was attacked in Rose Alley near his home in Covent Garden by thugs hired by John Wilmot, 2nd Earl of Rochester, with whom he had a long-standing conflict. Dryden's greatest achievements were in satiric verse: the mock-heroic \\\"Mac Flecknoe\\\", a more personal product of his laureate years, was a lampoon circulated in manuscript and an attack on the playwright Thomas Shadwell. Dryden's main goal in the work is to \\\"satirize Shadwell, ostensibly for his offenses against literature but more immediately we may suppose for his habitual badgering of him on the stage and in print.\\\" It is not a belittling\",\n \"title\": \"John Dryden\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6288989\",\n \"text\": \"of the church for £440 (a considerable sum of money at the time). A monument on the wall nearest his grave, probably placed by his family, features a bust showing Shakespeare posed in the act of writing. Each year on his claimed birthday, a new quill pen is placed in the writing hand of the bust. He is believed to have written the epitaph on his tombstone. Life of William Shakespeare William Shakespeare was an actor, playwright, poet, and theatre entrepreneur in London during the late Elizabethan and early Jacobean eras. He was baptised on 26 April 1564 in Stratford-upon-Avon\",\n \"title\": \"Life of William Shakespeare\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5478369\",\n \"text\": \"Ludovic Kennedy Sir Ludovic Henry Coverley Kennedy (3 November 191918 October 2009) was a British journalist, broadcaster, humanist and author best known for re-examining cases such as the Lindbergh kidnapping and the murder convictions of Timothy Evans and Derek Bentley, and for his role in the abolition of the death penalty in the United Kingdom. Kennedy was born in 1919 in Edinburgh, the son of a career Royal Navy officer, Edward Coverley Kennedy, and his wife, Rosalind Grant, daughter of Sir Ludovic Grant, 11th Baronet. His mother Rosalind was a cousin of the Conservative politician Robert Boothby, later Lord Boothby.\",\n \"title\": \"Ludovic Kennedy\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10971045\",\n \"text\": \"Harold Pinter and academia Harold Pinter and academia concerns academic recognition of and scholarship pertaining to Harold Pinter, CH, CBE (1930–2008), English playwright, screenwriter, actor, director, poet, author, political activist, and the 2005 Nobel Laureate in Literature, at the time of his death considered by many \\\"the most influential and imitated dramatist of his generation.\\\" Among the honours received during his lifetime, Pinter was the recipient of 20 honorary degrees or fellowships conferred by European and American academic institutions, and he was an Honorary Fellow of the Modern Language Association of America (MLA) (1970). In 2006 Pinter was elected a\",\n \"title\": \"Harold Pinter and academia\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"419341\",\n \"text\": \"annual Ted Hughes Festival. Many of Ted Hughes's poems have been published as limited-edition broadsides. Ted Hughes Edward James Hughes (17 August 1930 – 28 October 1998) was an English poet and children's writer. Critics frequently rank him as one of the best poets of his generation, and one of the twentieth century's greatest writers. He served as Poet Laureate from 1984 until his death. In 2008 \\\"The Times\\\" ranked Hughes fourth on their list of \\\"The 50 greatest British writers since 1945\\\". Hughes was married to American poet Sylvia Plath from 1956 until her suicide in 1963 at the\",\n \"title\": \"Ted Hughes\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2086307\",\n \"text\": \"be successful. This is composed of 9 people from various disciplines from across the country. The panel is chaired by Professor Ronald Hutton, and includes former Poet Laureate Professor Sir Andrew Motion and buildings historian Professor Gavin Stamp. The actor and broadcaster Stephen Fry was formerly a member of the panel, and wrote the foreword to the book \\\"Lived in London: Blue Plaques and the Stories Behind Them\\\" (2009). Roughly a third of proposals are approved in principle, and are placed on a shortlist. Because the scheme is so popular, and because a lot of detailed research has to be\",\n \"title\": \"Blue plaque\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"429244\",\n \"text\": \"in character. Daniel Owen is credited as the first Welsh-language novelist, publishing \\\"Rhys Lewis\\\" in 1885. The best-known of the Anglo-Welsh poets are both Thomases. Dylan Thomas became famous on both sides of the Atlantic in the mid-20th century. He is remembered for his poetry—his \\\"Do not go gentle into that good night; Rage, rage against the dying of the light\\\" is one of the most quoted couplets of English language verse—and for his \\\"play for voices\\\", \\\"Under Milk Wood\\\". The influential Church in Wales \\\"poet-priest\\\" and Welsh nationalist R. S. Thomas was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature\",\n \"title\": \"United Kingdom\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1952879\",\n \"text\": \"Haydn's oratorio \\\"The Seasons\\\". Thomson is one of the sixteen Scottish poets and writers appearing on the Scott Monument on Princes Street in Edinburgh. He appears on the right side of the east face. Thomson has a large memorial in Poets' Corner of Westminster Abbey next to William Shakespeare and underneath his countryman, Robert Burns. James Thomson (poet, born 1700) James Thomson (c. 11 September 1700 – 27 August 1748) was a British poet and playwright, known for his poems \\\"The Seasons\\\" and \\\"The Castle of Indolence\\\", and for the lyrics of \\\"Rule, Britannia!\\\". James Thomson was born in Ednam\",\n \"title\": \"James Thomson (poet, born 1700)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20906209\",\n \"text\": \"including the Keats House Museum, the National Portrait Gallery, Tate Britain and Tate Modern.. In 2018, Atta served as a judge for the BBC Young Writers Award. Dean Atta Dean Atta is a British poet of Greek Cypriot and Caribbean descent. He has been listed by \\\"The Independent\\\" newspaper as one of the 100 most influential LGBT people in the United Kingdom. In 2012, his poem \\\"I Am Nobody's Nigger,\\\" written in response to the use of the racial slur by the murderers of Stephen Lawrence, achieved much social media coverage, and he was profiled in The Guardian.. His poetry,\",\n \"title\": \"Dean Atta\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"419296\",\n \"text\": \"Ted Hughes Edward James Hughes (17 August 1930 – 28 October 1998) was an English poet and children's writer. Critics frequently rank him as one of the best poets of his generation, and one of the twentieth century's greatest writers. He served as Poet Laureate from 1984 until his death. In 2008 \\\"The Times\\\" ranked Hughes fourth on their list of \\\"The 50 greatest British writers since 1945\\\". Hughes was married to American poet Sylvia Plath from 1956 until her suicide in 1963 at the age of 30. Some feminists and some American admirers of Plath blamed him for her\",\n \"title\": \"Ted Hughes\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1720090\",\n \"text\": \"Samuel Rogers Samuel Rogers (30 July 1763 – 18 December 1855) was an English poet, during his lifetime one of the most celebrated, although his fame has long since been eclipsed by his Romantic colleagues and friends Wordsworth, Coleridge and Byron. His recollections of these and other friends such as Charles James Fox are key sources for information about London artistic and literary life, with which he was intimate, and which he used his wealth to support. He made his money as a banker and was also a discriminating art collector. Rogers was born at Newington Green, then a village\",\n \"title\": \"Samuel Rogers\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2025889\",\n \"text\": \"Day. World Book Day is observed in Britain and the Crown Dependencies on the first Thursday in March annually. British recipients of the Nobel Prize in Literature include Rudyard Kipling (1907), John Galsworthy (1932), T. S. Eliot (1948), Bertrand Russell (1950), Winston Churchill (1953), William Golding (1983), V. S. Naipaul (2001), Harold Pinter (2005) Doris Lessing (2007), and Kazuo Ishiguro (2017). Literary prizes for which writers from the United Kingdom are eligible include: British literature British literature is literature from the United Kingdom, Isle of Man, and Channel Islands. This article covers British literature in the English language. Anglo-Saxon (Old\",\n \"title\": \"British literature\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13382944\",\n \"text\": \"Other events: 16th century: 1490s in poetry Nationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature (for instance, Irish or France). 1491: 1492: 1493: 1494: 1495: 1496: 1497: 1498: 1499: Death years link to the corresponding \\\"[year] in poetry\\\" article. There are conflicting or unreliable sources for the birth years of many people born in this period; where sources conflict, the poet is listed again and the conflict is noted: 1490: 1491: 1492: 1493: 1494: 1495: 1496: 1497: 1498: 1499: Birth years link to the corresponding \\\"[year] in poetry\\\" article: 1490: 1491: 1492: 1493: 1494: 1495:\",\n \"title\": \"1490s in poetry\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"466995\",\n \"text\": \"William Golding Sir William Gerald Golding, (19 September 1911 – 19 June 1993) was a British novelist, playwright, and poet. Best known for his novel \\\"Lord of the Flies\\\", he won a Nobel Prize in Literature and was awarded the Booker Prize for fiction in 1980 for his novel \\\"Rites of Passage\\\", the first book in what became his sea trilogy, \\\"To the Ends of the Earth\\\". Golding was knighted in 1988. He was a fellow of the Royal Society of Literature. In 2008, \\\"The Times\\\" ranked Golding third on their list of \\\"The 50 greatest British writers since 1945\\\".\",\n \"title\": \"William Golding\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4273436\",\n \"text\": \"Timeline of Shakespeare criticism This article is a collection of critical quotations and other criticism against William Shakespeare and his works. Shakespeare enjoyed recognition in his own time, but in the 17th century, poets and authors began to consider him as the supreme dramatist and poet of all times of the English language. In fact, even today, no other dramatist has been performed even remotely as often on the British (and later the world) stage as Shakespeare Since then, several editors and critics of theater began to focus on the dramatic text and the language of Shakespeare, creating a study\",\n \"title\": \"Timeline of Shakespeare criticism\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1951111\",\n \"text\": \"children's book) won seven 2012 Olivier Awards. In 2017, \\\"Harry Potter and the Cursed Child\\\" won nine Olivier Awards. The Royal Shakespeare Company, at Stratford-upon-Avon, produces mainly but not exclusively Shakespeare plays. Important modern playwrights include Nobel laureate Harold Pinter, Tom Stoppard, Alan Ayckbourn, John Osborne, Michael Frayn and Arnold Wesker. While the British national anthem \\\"God Save the Queen\\\" and other patriotic songs such as \\\"Rule, Britannia!\\\" represent the United Kingdom, each of the four individual countries of the UK also has its own patriotic hymns. Edward Elgar's \\\"Land of Hope and Glory\\\", and William Blake's poem \\\"And did\",\n \"title\": \"Culture of the United Kingdom\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10175644\",\n \"text\": \"alternative author of the Shakespearean canon, preferring instead to remain agnostic on the identity of the author while steadfastly maintaining that the traditional view of authorship was ultimately indefensible. In 1922 he joined with J. Thomas Looney to establish The Shakespeare Fellowship, the organisation which subsequently carried forward public discussion of the authorship question up to the 1940s. His major publications include: George Greenwood Sir Granville George Greenwood (3 January 1850 – 27 October 1928), usually known as George Greenwood or G. G. Greenwood, was a British lawyer, politician, cricketer, animal welfare reformer and energetic advocate of the Shakespeare authorship\",\n \"title\": \"George Greenwood\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17792435\",\n \"text\": \"1907: 1908: 1909: 1910: 1911: 1912: 1913: 1914: 1915: 1917: 1918: 1920: 1921: 1922: 1923: 1925: 1926: 1927: 1928: 1929: 1930: 1931: 1932: 1933: 1934: 1935: 1936: 1937: 1938: 1940: 1941: 1942: 1943: 1945: 1946: 1947: 1949: 1950: 1951: 1955: 1957: 1959: 1962: 1963: 1964: 1965: 1966: 1969: 1970: 1971: 1972: 1975: 1976: 1977: 1978: 1979: 1980: 1982: 1983: 1984: 1987: 1988: 1994: 1996: 2001: 2005–2006: 2006: 2011: 2013: 2016: Timeline of women's education This is a timeline of women's education. 1237 1239 1608 1636 1639 1644 1674 1678 1685 1727 1732 1742 1751 1783 1786 1787 1788 1803 1818\",\n \"title\": \"Timeline of women's education\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7726325\",\n \"text\": \"resolve or explain\\\" it (\\\"O.E.D.\\\" 12), which becomes very relevant when we see that—whether the author intended it or not—it is possible to re-interpret the whole poem on Shakespeare's monument (\\\"Stay Passenger...\\\") as in fact inviting us to solve a puzzle revealing who is \\\"in\\\" the monument \\\"with\\\" Shakespeare. The apparent answer turns out to be \\\"Christofer Marley\\\"—as Marlowe is known to have spelt his own name—who, it says, with Shakespeare's death no longer has a \\\"page\\\" to dish up his wit. Calvin Hoffman, author of \\\"The Man Who Was Shakespeare\\\" (1955), died in 1988, still absolutely convinced that Marlowe\",\n \"title\": \"Marlovian theory of Shakespeare authorship\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"606472\",\n \"text\": \"290 that Percy Bysshe Shelley was murdered; \\\"Poems on Japan\\\" (1967). \\\"Artists Rifles\\\", an audiobook CD published in 2004, includes a reading of \\\"Concert Party, Busseboom\\\" by Blunden himself, recorded in 1964 by the British Council. Other World War I poets heard on the CD include Siegfried Sassoon, Edgell Rickword, Graves, David Jones and Lawrence Binyon. Blunden can also be heard on \\\"Memorial Tablet\\\", an audiobook of readings by Sassoon issued in 2003. Edmund Blunden Edmund Charles Blunden, CBE, MC (1 November 1896 – 20 January 1974) was an English poet, author and critic. Like his friend Siegfried Sassoon, he\",\n \"title\": \"Edmund Blunden\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2025833\",\n \"text\": \"second generation of Romantic poets includes Lord Byron (1788–1824), Percy Bysshe Shelley (1792–1822) and John Keats (1795–1821). Byron, however, was still influenced by 18th-century satirists and was, perhaps, the least \\\"romantic\\\" of the three, preferring \\\"the brilliant wit of Pope to what he called the 'wrong poetical system' of his Romantic contemporaries\\\". Though John Keats shared Byron and Shelley's radical politics, \\\"his best poetry is not political\\\". but is especially noted for its sensuous music and imagery, along with a concern with material beauty and the transience of life. Among his most famous works are: \\\"The Eve of St Agnes\\\",\",\n \"title\": \"British literature\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"546206\",\n \"text\": \"1960, and subsequent publication of the full text, ensured Lawrence's popularity (and notoriety) with a wider public. Since 2008, an annual D. H. Lawrence Festival has been organised in Eastwood to celebrate Lawrence's life and works; in September 2016, events were held in Cornwall to celebrate the centenary of Lawrence's connection with Zennor. D. H. Lawrence David Herbert Lawrence (11 September 1885 – 2 March 1930) was an English writer and poet. His collected works represent, among other things, an extended reflection upon the dehumanising effects of modernity and industrialisation. Some of the issues Lawrence explores are sexuality, emotional health,\",\n \"title\": \"D. H. Lawrence\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"49177\",\n \"text\": \"of both sides but agreeing with the opponents of ordinary language philosophy. In the King's Birthday Honours of 9 June 1949, Russell was awarded the Order of Merit, and the following year he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature. When he was given the Order of Merit, George VI was affable but slightly embarrassed at decorating a former jailbird, saying, \\\"You have sometimes behaved in a manner that would not do if generally adopted\\\". Russell merely smiled, but afterwards claimed that the reply \\\"That's right, just like your brother\\\" immediately came to mind. In 1952 Russell was divorced by\",\n \"title\": \"Bertrand Russell\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19716849\",\n \"text\": \"the city, the muse being thrown to the ground. She was remounted, but facing in a new direction, an error corrected only in 1964. Two statuettes were stolen in 1977. Most recently the statue was again relocated to stand outside the Marlowe Theatre, Ian McKellen performing a rededication ceremony in 1993. Marlowe Memorial The Marlowe Memorial is a statue and four statuettes erected in memory of the playwright and poet Christopher Marlowe in 1891 in Canterbury, England. The memorial was commissioned by a Marlowe Memorial Committee, and comprises a bronze statue, The Muse of Poetry sculpted by Edward Onslow Ford,\",\n \"title\": \"Marlowe Memorial\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1443149\",\n \"text\": \"John Osborne John James Osborne (Fulham, London, 12 December 1929 – 24 December 1994) was an English playwright, screenwriter and actor, known for his excoriating prose and intense critical stance towards established social and political norms. The success of his 1956 play \\\"Look Back in Anger\\\" transformed English theatre. In a productive life of more than 40 years, Osborne explored many themes and genres, writing for stage, film and TV. His personal life was extravagant and iconoclastic. He was notorious for the ornate violence of his language, not only on behalf of the political causes he supported but also against\",\n \"title\": \"John Osborne\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1443115\",\n \"text\": \"John Osborne John James Osborne (Fulham, London, 12 December 1929 – 24 December 1994) was an English playwright, screenwriter and actor, known for his excoriating prose and intense critical stance towards established social and political norms. The success of his 1956 play \\\"Look Back in Anger\\\" transformed English theatre. In a productive life of more than 40 years, Osborne explored many themes and genres, writing for stage, film and TV. His personal life was extravagant and iconoclastic. He was notorious for the ornate violence of his language, not only on behalf of the political causes he supported but also against\",\n \"title\": \"John Osborne\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4165678\",\n \"text\": \"Reputation of William Shakespeare In his own time, William Shakespeare (1564–1616) was rated as merely one among many talented playwrights and poets, but since the late 17th century he has been considered the supreme playwright and poet of the English language. No other dramatist has been performed even remotely as often on the world stage as Shakespeare. The plays have often been drastically adapted in performance. During the 18th and 19th centuries, the era of the great acting stars, to be a star on the British stage was synonymous with being a great Shakespearean actor. Then the emphasis was placed\",\n \"title\": \"Reputation of William Shakespeare\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14357446\",\n \"text\": \"R.C. Churchill says that the first documented expression of doubt about Shakespeare's authorship came in 1760, in a farce entitled \\\"High Life Below Stairs\\\" in which a Miss Kitty poses the question: \\\"Who wrote Shakespeare?\\\" The Duke responds \\\"Ben Jonson.\\\" Lady Bab then cries; \\\"Oh, no! Shakespeare was written by one Mr. Finis, for I saw his name at the end of the book.\\\" Churchill writes that, while not a very \\\"profound\\\" joke, there \\\"must have been, in the mid-eighteenth century, a certain amount of discussion as to the authenticity of the traditional authorship of Shakespeare, and the substitution of\",\n \"title\": \"History of the Shakespeare authorship question\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"894061\",\n \"text\": \"generation of playwrights. His plays (\\\"The Duchess of Malfi\\\", \\\"The White Devil\\\") are known for their 'blood and gore', which is humorously referred to by the child saying that he enjoys \\\"Titus Andronicus\\\", and also saying of \\\"Romeo and Juliet\\\", when asked his opinion by the Queen, \\\"I liked it when she stabbed herself.\\\" When the clown Will Kempe (Patrick Barlow) says to Shakespeare that he would like to play in a drama, he is told that \\\"they would laugh at Seneca if you played it,\\\" a reference to the Roman tragedian renowned for his sombre and bloody plot lines\",\n \"title\": \"Shakespeare in Love\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5658591\",\n \"text\": \"not previously completed, is in pre-production in 2018. The footage is available for viewing through the Fundació Antoni Tàpies. ODNB article by Richard Cork, 'Penrose, Sir Roland Algernon (1900–1984)', rev. \\\"Oxford Dictionary of National Biography\\\", Oxford University Press, 2004; online edn, May 2006 accessed 27 May 2009 Roland Penrose Sir Roland Algernon Penrose CBE (14 October 1900 – 23 April 1984) was an English artist, historian and poet. He was a major promoter and collector of modern art and an associate of the surrealists in the United Kingdom. During the Second World War he put his artistic skills to practical\",\n \"title\": \"Roland Penrose\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1438285\",\n \"text\": \"prey to the collective mirage of a new order, to stay wide awake while others succumb to the lethe of the group mind, to resist the gaze of modern Gorgons\\\". Tony Harrison Tony Harrison (born 30 April 1937) is an English poet, translator and playwright. He was born in Leeds and he received his education in Classics from Leeds Grammar School and Leeds University. He is one of Britain's foremost verse writers and many of his works have been performed at the Royal National Theatre. He is noted for controversial works such as the poem \\\"V\\\", as well as his\",\n \"title\": \"Tony Harrison\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14004591\",\n \"text\": \"venue, seating about 150. The style was set by the first production, \\\"Jupiter Translated\\\", an adaptation of Molière's \\\"Amphitryon\\\" by W. J. Turner with a ballet by Rupert Doone as entr'acte. The theatre's reputation was established in 1935 by the first London productions of T. S. Eliot's \\\"Murder in the Cathedral\\\", transferred from Canterbury, and two years later by Auden and Isherwood's poetic play \\\"The Ascent of F6\\\". 1943 saw the production of Eugene O'Neill's \\\"Days Without End\\\". The Pilgrim Players' seasons in 1945-1947, under the direction of E. Martin Browne, consolidated the position of poetic drama at the Mercury\",\n \"title\": \"Mercury Theatre, Notting Hill Gate\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"658609\",\n \"text\": \"artists and photographers, Dahl was named the greatest storyteller of all time, ranking ahead of Dickens, Shakespeare, Rowling and Spielberg. In 2017, the airline Norwegian announced Dahl's image would appear on the tail fin one of their Boeing 737-800 aircraft. He is one of the company's six \\\"British tail fin heroes\\\", joining Queen frontman Freddie Mercury, England World Cup winner Bobby Moore, novelist Jane Austen, pioneering pilot Amy Johnson and aviation entrepreneur Freddie Laker. Roald Dahl Roald Dahl (; 13 September 1916 – 23 November 1990) was a British novelist, short story writer, poet, screenwriter, and fighter pilot. His books\",\n \"title\": \"Roald Dahl\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14470536\",\n \"text\": \"Savage\\\" with J. M. Barrie which premiered at London's Criterion Theatre in 1891. In 1894, the English poet Rosamund Tomson left her husband, artist Arthur Graham Tomson, and eloped with Marriott Watson; their first and only son Richard was born on 6 October 1895. This resulted in a scandal, one which included the sudden changing of her established pen name from Graham R. Tomson to Rosamund Marriott Watson to honor her third husband, and cancelling a then forthcoming volume of poems. Her career subsequently suffered as many publishers avoided working with her in future. Rosamund and Arthur Tomson officially divorced\",\n \"title\": \"H. B. Marriott Watson\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1621641\",\n \"text\": \"distinctly American themes, including some political issues such as abolition. They included Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, William Cullen Bryant, John Greenleaf Whittier, James Russell Lowell, and Oliver Wendell Holmes, Sr.. Longfellow achieved the highest level of acclaim and is often considered the first internationally acclaimed American poet, being the first American poet given a bust in Westminster Abbey's Poets' Corner. Walt Whitman (1819–1892) and Emily Dickinson (1830–1886), two of America's greatest 19th-century poets could hardly have been more different in temperament and style. Walt Whitman was a working man, a traveler, a self-appointed nurse during the American Civil War (1861–1865), and\",\n \"title\": \"American literature\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13161668\",\n \"text\": \"were published in the newspaper itself. The 1974 winner was Charles Nicholl, who went on to become well-known for historical biographies. It was re-invigorated with the support of literary agents Peters Fraser + Dunlop in 2015 under the new name Sunday Times / Peters Fraser + Dunlop Young Writer of the Year Award. 1974 Winner - Charles Nicholl, 'The Ups and The Downs', the author's disturbing and humorous account of a bad lsd trip in London. In 1999, Paul Farley's \\\"The Boy from the Chemist is Here to See You\\\" \\\"was so well received\\\", according to the \\\"Encyclopedia of British\",\n \"title\": \"Sunday Times Young Writer of the Year Award\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9087971\",\n \"text\": \"Sean O'Brien (writer) Sean O'Brien (born 19 December 1952 in London) is a British poet, critic and playwright. His prizes include the Eric Gregory Award (1979), the Somerset Maugham Award (1984), the Cholmondeley Award (1988), the Forward Poetry Prize (2001 and 2007) and the T. S. Eliot Prize (2007). He is one of only two poets (the other being John Burnside) to have won both the T. S. Eliot Prize and the Forward Poetry Prize for the same collection of poems (The Drowned Book). He grew up in Hull, and was educated at Hymers College and Selwyn College, Cambridge. He\",\n \"title\": \"Sean O'Brien (writer)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1613330\",\n \"text\": \"satire of T. S. Eliot's \\\"Burnt Norton\\\". Eliot himself was amused by \\\"Chard Whitlow\\\"'s mournful imitations of his poetic style (\\\"As we get older we do not get any younger ...\\\"). Reed made a radio programme, reading all of \\\"Lessons of the War\\\", which was broadcast on the BBC's Network Three on 14 February 1966. He was often confused with the poet and critic Herbert Read (1893 – 1968); the two men were unrelated. Reed responded to this confusion by naming his 'alter ego' biographer in the \\\"Hilda Tablet\\\" plays \\\"Herbert Reeve\\\" and then by having everyone get the name\",\n \"title\": \"Henry Reed (poet)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"429242\",\n \"text\": \"(the creator of Sherlock Holmes), romantic literature by Sir Walter Scott, the children's writer J. M. Barrie, the epic adventures of Robert Louis Stevenson and the celebrated poet Robert Burns. More recently the modernist and nationalist Hugh MacDiarmid and Neil M. Gunn contributed to the Scottish Renaissance. A more grim outlook is found in Ian Rankin's stories and the psychological horror-comedy of Iain Banks. Scotland's capital, Edinburgh, was UNESCO's first worldwide City of Literature. Britain's oldest known poem, \\\"Y Gododdin\\\", was composed in \\\"Yr Hen Ogledd\\\" (\\\"The Old North\\\"), most likely in the late 6th century. It was written in\",\n \"title\": \"United Kingdom\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7501158\",\n \"text\": \"is recognised as a major influence on the early work of Peter Cook, particularly the E. L. Wisty monologues. Many comparisons have been drawn to the work of key absurdist playwright Eugène Ionesco. However, Simpson denies any link, adding that he had never even heard of the writer when he commenced a career in nonsense. In his own view, the valid literary parallels are with Lewis Carroll, James Thurber and P. G. Wodehouse. Simpson’s early work must also be viewed in its cultural context. BBC Radio’s \\\"The Goon Show\\\" was widely admired, bringing surrealism to the masses for the first\",\n \"title\": \"N. F. Simpson\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"compressed_ctxs_1":{"kind":"string","value":"{\n \"compressed_prompt\": \"Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\\n\\ntitle: Richard Brinsley Sheridan context: Richard Brinsley Sheridan Richard Brinsley Butler Sheridan (30 October 1757 July 1816) was an Irish satirist, a playwright, poet, and long-term owner of the London Theatre Royal, Drury Lane. He is known for his plays such as \\\"The Rivals\\\", \\\"The School for Scandal\\\", \\\"The Duenna\\\", and \\\"A Trip to Scarborough\\\". He was also a Whig MP for 32 years in the British House of Commons for Stafford (1780–1806), Westminster (1806–1807), and Ilchester (1807–1812). He is buried at Poets' Corner in Westminster Abbey. His plays remain a central part of the canon and are regularly performed worldwide. RB Sheridan was born\\n\\n\\\"What famous British poet and playwright had an m--for \\\"\\\"murderer\\\"\\\"--branded on his left thumb?\\\"\",\n \"compressed_tokens\": 226,\n \"origin_tokens\": 226,\n \"ratio\": \"1.0x\",\n \"saving\": \", Saving $0.0 in GPT-4.\"\n}"},"compressed_ctxs_100":{"kind":"string","value":"{\n \"compressed_prompt\": \"Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\\n\\ntitle: Love Letters of Great Men context: Love Letters of Great Love Letters of Great Men, Vol. 1 is an anthology of romantic letters written by leading male historical figures. The book plays a key role in the plot of the American film \\\"Sex and the City\\\". The book includes love letters written by Roman poet Ovid, explorer Sir Walter Raleigh, writer Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, novelist Nathaniel Hawthorne, poet Robert Browning, short story writer Edgar Allan Poe, novelist Mark Twain, mathematician Lewis Carroll, physicist Pierre Curie, playwright George Bernard Shaw, adventurer Jack London, Admiral Robert Peary, President Woodrow Wilson, poet Lord Byron, poet John Keats,\\n\\n: Day-Lewis context His detective novel, \\\"The Sad Vari\\\" (1964 aathalctr communists, the Soviet Union'session the 1956 Hungarian uprising, and theuthless tactics of intelligence agents. Cecil Day-Lewis Cec Day-Lewis (or Day) (2 April 190 – 22 May 1972), often writing as C. Day-Lewis, was an Anglo-Irish the Poet Laureate of the United Kingdom from 1968 until his death in 1972 He wrote mystery under the pseudonym of Nicholas Blake He is the father of Daniel Day-Lewis a noted actor, and Tamasin Day-Lewis, documentary filmmaker and chef.\\ntitle: Memorial muse thrown to ground. remounted but in a, 9 were97 Most recently the statue re stand Marlowe Theatre Ian McKellen performing redation ceremony in 199. Marlowe Thelowe Memorial is statue four statcted memory of the playright and poet Christophere in 91bury, memed a Mar Memorial Committee bronze statue Muse of Poetryed by Onslow Ford\\n:ov Kennedy: Kennedy Henry (18 journalist,ist and author best known for re-examining cases such as the Lindbergh kidnapping and the murder convictions of Timothy Evans and Derek Bentley, and for his role in the abolition of the death penalty in the United Kingdom. Kennedy was born in 1919 in Edinburgh, the son of a career Royal Navy officer, Edward Coverley Kennedy, and his wife, Rosalind Grant, daughter of Sir Ludovic Grant, 11th Baronet. His mother Rosalind was a cousin of the Conservative politician Robert Boothby, later Lord Boothby.\\n\\n\\\"What famous British poet and playwright had an m--for \\\"\\\"murderer\\\"\\\"--branded on his left thumb?\\\"\",\n \"compressed_tokens\": 547,\n \"origin_tokens\": 15757,\n \"ratio\": \"28.8x\",\n \"saving\": \", Saving $0.9 in GPT-4.\"\n}"}}},{"rowIdx":294,"cells":{"id":{"kind":"number","value":294,"string":"294"},"question":{"kind":"string","value":"What famous character in literature was inspired by an Augustinian monk named Alonso Quizado."},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["Alonso Quijano","Don Chisciotte","Don Kihot","Don Quichotte de Cervantes","Benengeli","Don Qvixote de la Mancha","El Ingenioso Hidalgo don Quixote de la Mancha","El Quijote","The Ingenious Hidalgo Don Quixote of La Mancha","El ingenioso hidalgo don quixote de la mancha","Don Quijote","El Ingenioso Hidalgo Don Quijote de la Mancha","Don kichote","El ingenioso hidalgo Don Quijote de la Mancha","Quixotan","El Ingenioso Hidalgo Don Quixote de la Mancha","Don Quixote (title character)","El ngenioso hidalgo don Quixote de la Mancha","Don Quixote de la Mancha","The History of Don Quixote de le Mancha","Alonso Quixano","En ingenioso hidalgo Don Quixote de la Mancha","Alonzo Quijana","Don quixote de la mancha","Quijote","El ingenioso hidalgo don Quijote de la Mancha","El ingenioso hidalgo don Qvixote de la Mancha","Don Quijote de la Mancha","Alonzo Quijano","El ingenioso hidalgo don Quixote de la Mancha","Don Quixote","Quixote","Knight of the White Moon","The History of Don Quixote de la Mancha","El ingenioso hidalgo don quijote de la mancha","Don Quichote","Quixotian","Don Quiote","Don Qixote","El ingenioso hidalgo Don Quixote de la Mancha","Alonso Quijana","Don Qvixote","Don quixote","El Ingenioso Hidalgo don Quijote de la Mancha","Don Quichotte de la Manche"],"string":"[\n \"Alonso Quijano\",\n \"Don Chisciotte\",\n \"Don Kihot\",\n \"Don Quichotte de Cervantes\",\n \"Benengeli\",\n \"Don Qvixote de la Mancha\",\n \"El Ingenioso Hidalgo don Quixote de la Mancha\",\n \"El Quijote\",\n \"The Ingenious Hidalgo Don Quixote of La Mancha\",\n \"El ingenioso hidalgo don quixote de la mancha\",\n \"Don Quijote\",\n \"El Ingenioso Hidalgo Don Quijote de la Mancha\",\n \"Don kichote\",\n \"El ingenioso hidalgo Don Quijote de la Mancha\",\n \"Quixotan\",\n \"El Ingenioso Hidalgo Don Quixote de la Mancha\",\n \"Don Quixote (title character)\",\n \"El ngenioso hidalgo don Quixote de la Mancha\",\n \"Don Quixote de la Mancha\",\n \"The History of Don Quixote de le Mancha\",\n \"Alonso Quixano\",\n \"En ingenioso hidalgo Don Quixote de la Mancha\",\n \"Alonzo Quijana\",\n \"Don quixote de la mancha\",\n \"Quijote\",\n \"El ingenioso hidalgo don Quijote de la Mancha\",\n \"El ingenioso hidalgo don Qvixote de la Mancha\",\n \"Don Quijote de la Mancha\",\n \"Alonzo Quijano\",\n \"El ingenioso hidalgo don Quixote de la Mancha\",\n \"Don Quixote\",\n \"Quixote\",\n \"Knight of the White Moon\",\n \"The History of Don Quixote de la Mancha\",\n \"El ingenioso hidalgo don quijote de la mancha\",\n \"Don Quichote\",\n \"Quixotian\",\n \"Don Quiote\",\n \"Don Qixote\",\n \"El ingenioso hidalgo Don Quixote de la Mancha\",\n \"Alonso Quijana\",\n \"Don Qvixote\",\n \"Don quixote\",\n \"El Ingenioso Hidalgo don Quijote de la Mancha\",\n \"Don Quichotte de la Manche\"\n]","isConversational":false},"target":{"kind":"string","value":"Don Quixote"},"ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"id":"6104797","text":"Cervantes' renowned novel, Don Quixote, who charged against a windmill, thinking it to be a giant. Like Quixote, the Hidalgo spacecraft will 'attack' an object much larger than itself, hopefully with more impressive results. 'Sancho' is named after Sancho Panza, the Quixote's squire, who preferred to stay back and watch from a safe distance, which is the role assigned to that probe. Finally, the name Hidalgo was a minor Spanish title (roughly equivalent to a Baronet), now obsolete. In the novel, it was the title Alonso Quijano had even before becoming Don Quijote. Don Quijote (spacecraft) Don Quijote is a","title":"Don Quijote (spacecraft)"},{"id":"14602348","text":"Alonso Quijano Alonso Quijano (spelled \"Quixano\" in English and Early Modern Spanish) is the personal name of the famous fictional hidalgo or knight better known as Don Quijote, the leading character of the novel \"Don Quijote de la Mancha\", written by Miguel de Cervantes. Other names or nicknames of Alonso Quijano that go appearing in the story are: the Knight of the Sad Face, that puts him alongside his own squire Sancho Panza, or the Knight of the Lions, adopted by Don Quijote after an encounter with lions (in the second part, at chapter 17). In chapter 39 of the","title":"Alonso Quijano"},{"id":"101640","text":"the \"best literary work ever written\". The story follows the adventures of a noble (hidalgo) named Alonso Quixano who reads so many chivalric romances that he loses his sanity and decides to become a knight-errant (\"caballero andante\"), reviving chivalry and serving his country, under the name \"Don Quixote de la Mancha\". He recruits a simple farmer, Sancho Panza, as his squire, who often employs a unique, earthy wit in dealing with Don Quixote's rhetorical orations on antiquated knighthood. Don Quixote, in the first part of the book, does not see the world for what it is and prefers to imagine","title":"Don Quixote"},{"id":"101672","text":"his image. By his deathbed, he has regained his sanity, and is once more \"Alonso Quixano the Good\". Sources for \"Don Quixote\" include the Castilian novel \"Amadis de Gaula\", which had enjoyed great popularity throughout the 16th century. Another prominent source, which Cervantes evidently admires more, is \"Tirant lo Blanch\", which the priest describes in Chapter VI of \"Quixote\" as \"the best book in the world.\" (However, the sense in which it was \"best\" is much debated among scholars. The passage is called since the 19th century \"the most difficult passage of \"Don Quixote\"\".) The scene of the book burning","title":"Don Quixote"},{"id":"101645","text":"intervene violently in matters irrelevant to himself, and his habit of not paying debts, result in privations, injuries, and humiliations (with Sancho often the victim). Finally, Don Quixote is persuaded to return to his home village. The narrator hints that there was a third quest, but says that records of it have been lost. Alonso Quixano, the protagonist of the novel (though he is not given this name until much later in the book), is a Hidalgo (member of the lesser Spanish nobility), nearing 50 years of age, living in an unnamed section of La Mancha with his niece and","title":"Don Quixote"},{"id":"2937130","text":"Sancho Panza Sancho Panza () is a fictional character in the novel \"Don Quixote\" written by Spanish author Don Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra in 1605. Sancho acts as squire to Don Quixote and provides comments throughout the novel, known as \"sanchismos\", that are a combination of broad humour, ironic Spanish proverbs, and earthy wit. \"Panza\" in Spanish means \"belly\" (cf. English \"paunch,\" Italian \"pancia\", several Italian dialects \"panza\", Portuguese \"pança\", French \"panse\"). Before a fit of madness turned Alonso Quijano into Don Quixote, Sancho Panza was indeed his servant. When the novel begins, Sancho has been married for a long","title":"Sancho Panza"},{"id":"1508627","text":"sympathetic criminal known as \"the Governor\" suggests setting up a mock trial instead. Only if Cervantes is found guilty will he have to hand over his possessions. A cynical prisoner, known as \"the Duke,\" charges Cervantes with being an idealist and a bad poet. Cervantes pleads guilty, but then asks if he may offer a defense, in the form of a play, acted out by him and all the prisoners. The \"Governor\" agrees. Cervantes takes out a makeup kit and costume from his trunk, and transforms himself into Alonso Quijano, an old gentleman who has read so many books of","title":"Man of La Mancha"},{"id":"101670","text":"forced to deceive him at certain points. The novel is considered a satire of orthodoxy, veracity and even nationalism. In exploring the individualism of his characters, Cervantes helped move beyond the narrow literary conventions of the chivalric romance literature that he spoofed, which consists of straightforward retelling of a series of acts that redound to the knightly virtues of the hero. The character of Don Quixote became so well known in its time that the word \"quixotic\" was quickly adopted by many languages. Characters such as Sancho Panza and Don Quixote's steed, Rocinante, are emblems of Western literary culture. The","title":"Don Quixote"},{"id":"14363469","text":"Don Quixote (Picasso) Don Quixote is a 1955 sketch by Pablo Picasso of the Spanish literary hero and his sidekick, Sancho Panza. It was featured on the August 18–24 issue of the French weekly journal \"Les Lettres Françaises\" in celebration of the 350th anniversary of the first part of Cervantes’s \"Don Quixote\". Made on August 10, 1955, the drawing \"Don Quixote\" was in a very different style than Picasso’s earlier Blue, Rose, and Cubist periods. The drawing is of Don Quixote de la Mancha, his horse Rocinante, his squire Sancho Panza and his donkey Dapple, the sun, and several windmills.","title":"Don Quixote (Picasso)"},{"id":"2502621","text":"great predecessor \"Don Quixote\". Don Quixote's connection with Mr Pickwick, as Dostoyevsky saw, is basic. With Don Quixote, of course, goes Sancho Panza, who with the reinforcement of the faithful, shrewd, worldly servants of the young heroes Tom Jones, Peregrine Pickle, Roderick Random and the rest, goes to make up Sam Weller.\" The popularity of \"The Pickwick Papers\" spawned many imitations and sequels in print as well as actual Clubs and Societies inspired by the club in the novel. One example is the still in operation Pickwick Bicycle Club in London, which was established in 1870, the same year as","title":"The Pickwick Papers"},{"id":"14363478","text":"of \"Don Quixote\". It is widely recognized as one of the most prominent depictions of the legendary figure who is a popular figure in art. Don Quixote (Picasso) Don Quixote is a 1955 sketch by Pablo Picasso of the Spanish literary hero and his sidekick, Sancho Panza. It was featured on the August 18–24 issue of the French weekly journal \"Les Lettres Françaises\" in celebration of the 350th anniversary of the first part of Cervantes’s \"Don Quixote\". Made on August 10, 1955, the drawing \"Don Quixote\" was in a very different style than Picasso’s earlier Blue, Rose, and Cubist periods.","title":"Don Quixote (Picasso)"},{"id":"11685947","text":"in respect for the dead \"knight\". In a bit of trick photography, the pages of the original 1605 edition of Cervantes's novel arise from the flames rather than being consumed by them - a sign that Don Quixote has achieved immortality. Dulcinea, who appears in the film, is depicted as a not-too-bright milkmaid, and cruelly, she is among those who laugh the hardest when Don Quixote is brought back in a cage. Don Quixote's name \"is\" Don Quixote in this version. He is never referred to as Alonso Quixano. The film makes several striking early uses of trick photography. Immediately","title":"Don Quixote (1933 film)"},{"id":"15562108","text":"Quijote\", which represents the Honourable Knight when he was still Alonso Quijano. He is humanized as an inhabitant of the Village, who would later become an idealist knight who wants to fight against the injustices of the world. The sculpture shows us Alonso Quijano while he is reading one of his countless books of chivalry orders leaning on one hand and looking up, imaging his next adventures. The figure of \"Sancho Panza\" seems to be a native of the Village, as well. \"Sancho\" is carrying some wine and cheese, which are typical products from this area. The \"Aldonza Lorenzo\" sculpture-","title":"Cayetano Hilario Abellan"},{"id":"5510839","text":"a literal adaptation, Gilliam's film was about \"an old, retired, and slightly kooky nobleman named Alonso Quixano [who] reads too many chivalric romances. Taking leave of his senses, he sets out to fix the world and revive chivalry, clad in makeshift armor and accompanied by a donkey-owning farmer named Sancho Panza, who serves as his squire\". Gilliam signed a deal with Phoenix Pictures as the studio to make the film in 1990 under the name \"Don Quixote\". Sean Connery was in talks to star as Quixote, but Gilliam disliked the idea because \"Quixote is air and Sean is earth\". Nigel","title":"The Man Who Killed Don Quixote"},{"id":"1924874","text":"which propagated longstanding antisemitic views of the time, for a short poem which Pierre-Jean de Béranger had derived from a novel of Eugène Sue of 1845. In the 1860s he illustrated a French edition of Cervantes's \"Don Quixote\", and his depictions of the knight and his squire, Sancho Panza, have become so famous that they have influenced subsequent readers, artists, and stage and film directors' ideas of the physical \"look\" of the two characters. Doré also illustrated an oversized edition of Edgar Allan Poe's \"The Raven\", an endeavor that earned him 30,000 francs from publisher Harper & Brothers in 1883.","title":"Gustave Doré"},{"id":"4408585","text":"namesake, Don Quixote, and features a heroic young knight named Don on a quest to save his love, the fair princess Isabella, who has been kidnapped by a wicked witch for human sacrifice to a demon. Don is accompanied on his travels by a donkey (based on Rocinante, the original Don Quixote's horse), and a fat little man named Sancho (based on Don Quixote's trusty sidekick Sancho Panza). The closest parallel to the original tale is a scene in which Don fights a giant at a windmill. However, the rest of the game pits him against a mummy, a dragon,","title":"Super Don Quix-ote"},{"id":"12557656","text":"By\". Rather than offer a literal adaptation of the Miguel de Cervantes novel, Welles opted to bring the characters of Don Quixote and Sancho Panza into the modern age as living anachronisms. Welles explained his idea in an interview, stating: \"My Don Quixote and Sancho Panza are exactly and traditionally drawn from Cervantes, but are nonetheless contemporary.\" Welles later elaborated to Peter Bogdanovich: \"What interests me is the \"idea\" of these dated old virtues. And why they still seem to speak to us when, by all logic, they're so hopelessly irrelevant. That's why I've been obsessed for so long with","title":"Don Quixote (unfinished film)"},{"id":"14602350","text":"to his physique, Cervantes describes Alonso Quijano: \"a brave and noble soul, about the fifty years of age. He was of lean build, wiry with a wrinkled, suntanned face.\" (first part, chapter I). In chapter XIV of Part II (1615), a knight-errant, Bachelor Sansón Carrasco, describes him as \"a tall man, dry of face, pulled and wrinkled limbs, ageing, with the nose something between the beak of an eagle and a hamstring, underlined by a large, black, droopy mustache.\" Alonso Quijano Alonso Quijano (spelled \"Quixano\" in English and Early Modern Spanish) is the personal name of the famous fictional hidalgo","title":"Alonso Quijano"},{"id":"101650","text":"on books Cervantes himself liked and disliked. For example, Cervantes' own pastoral novel \"La Galatea\" is saved, while the rather unbelievable romance \"Felixmarte de Hyrcania\" is burned. After the books are dealt with, they seal up the room which contained the library, later telling Don Quixote that it was the action of a wizard (\"encantador\"). After a short period of feigning health, Don Quixote requests his neighbour, Sancho Panza, to be his squire, promising him a petty governorship (\"ínsula\"). Sancho is a poor and simple farmer but more practical than the head-in-the-clouds Don Quixote and agrees to the offer, sneaking","title":"Don Quixote"},{"id":"260011","text":"qualities, Sancho Panza, a man of low self-esteem, who is a compound of grossness and simplicity. \"Don Quixote\" is cited as the first classic model of the modern romance or novel, and it has served as the prototype of the comic novel. The humorous situations are mostly burlesque, and it includes satire. \"Don Quixote\" is one of the \"Encyclopædia Britannica\"'s Great Books of the Western World, while the Russian author Fyodor Dostoyevsky called it \"the ultimate and most sublime work of human thinking\". It is in \"Don Quixote\" that Cervantes coined the popular phrase \"the proof of the pudding is","title":"Miguel de Cervantes"},{"id":"5757668","text":"Zorro (novel) Zorro is a 2005 novel by Chilean author Isabel Allende. Its subject is the pulp hero Diego de la Vega, better known as El Zorro (The Fox), who was featured in an early 20th-century novel. The novel takes the form of a biography and was the first origin story for this legendary character. In terms of material, it is a prequel to Johnston McCulley's 1919 novella \"The Curse of Capistrano,\" which first featured the character of Zorro. The story incorporates details from a variety of works that have featured the pulp hero, including the 1998 film \"The Mask","title":"Zorro (novel)"},{"id":"125399","text":"The Spanish philosopher Miguel de Unamuno y Jugo, in his 1913 book \"The Tragic Sense of Life in Men and Nations\", emphasized the life of \"flesh and bone\" as opposed to that of abstract rationalism. Unamuno rejected systematic philosophy in favor of the individual's quest for faith. He retained a sense of the tragic, even absurd nature of the quest, symbolized by his enduring interest in Cervantes' fictional character Don Quixote. A novelist, poet and dramatist as well as philosophy professor at the University of Salamanca, Unamuno wrote a short story about a priest's crisis of faith, \"Saint Manuel the","title":"Existentialism"},{"id":"4880232","text":"Alonso Fernández de Avellaneda Alonso Fernández de Avellaneda is the pseudonym of a man who wrote a sequel to Cervantes' \"Don Quixote\". The identity of Fernández de Avellaneda has been the subject of many theories, but there is no consensus on who he was. One theory holds that Avellaneda’s work was a collaboration by friends of Lope de Vega. Another theory is that it was by Gerónimo de Passamonte, the real-life inspiration for the character Ginés de Pasamonte of Part I. Critical opinion has generally held Avellaneda's work in low regard, and Cervantes himself is highly critical of it in","title":"Alonso Fernández de Avellaneda"},{"id":"2420112","text":"does Gutman, (named after Sydney Greenstreet's character from \"The Maltese Falcon\", but bearing more resemblance to Signor Ferrari, Greenstreet's character in \"Casablanca\") manager of the hotel Siete Mares, whose terrace occupies part of the stage. Williams also employs a large cast of characters including many famous literary characters who appear in dream sequences. They include Don Quixote and his partner Sancho, Marguerite \"Camille\" Gautier (see \"The Lady of the Camellias\"), Casanova, Lord Byron, and Esmeralda (see \"The Hunchback of Notre Dame\"), among others. Taking place in the main plaza, the play goes through a series of confusing and almost logic-defying","title":"Camino Real (play)"},{"id":"101669","text":"united by common themes of the nature of reality, reading, and dialogue in general. Although burlesque on the surface, the novel, especially in its second half, has served as an important thematic source not only in literature but also in much of art and music, inspiring works by Pablo Picasso and Richard Strauss. The contrasts between the tall, thin, fancy-struck and idealistic Quixote and the fat, squat, world-weary Panza is a motif echoed ever since the book's publication, and Don Quixote's imaginings are the butt of outrageous and cruel practical jokes in the novel. Even faithful and simple Sancho is","title":"Don Quixote"},{"id":"11220847","text":"Mister Geppetto Mister Geppetto ( ; ), also \"Mastro Geppetto\", is a fictional character in the novel \"The Adventures of Pinocchio\" by Carlo Collodi. Geppetto is an elderly, impoverished woodcarver and the creator (and thus 'father') of Pinocchio. He wears a yellow wig resembling cornmeal mush (called \"polendina\"), and consequently his neighbors call him \"Polendina\" to annoy him. The name \"Geppetto\" is a diminutive form of \"Giuseppe\" (\"Joseph\"). Geppetto is introduced when carpenter Mister Antonio finds a talking block of pinewood that he was about to carve into a leg for his table. When Geppetto drops by looking for a","title":"Mister Geppetto"},{"id":"101653","text":"and Sancho to the funeral of Grisóstomo, a former student who left his studies to become a shepherd after reading pastoral novels (paralleling Don Quixote's decision to become a knight), seeking the shepherdess Marcela. At the funeral Marcela appears, vindicating herself from the bitter verses written about her by Grisóstomo, and claiming her own autonomy and freedom from expectations put on her by pastoral clichés. She disappears into the woods, and Don Quixote and Sancho follow. Ultimately giving up, the two dismount by a pond to rest. Some Galicians arrive to water their ponies, and Rocinante (Don Quixote's horse) attempts","title":"Don Quixote"},{"id":"1508628","text":"chivalry and thought so much about injustice that he has lost his mind and set out as a knight-errant. Quijano renames himself Don Quixote de La Mancha, and goes off to find adventures with his \"squire\", Sancho Panza. (\"Man of La Mancha (I, Don Quixote)\") Don Quixote warns Sancho that they are always in danger of being attacked by Quixote's mortal enemy, an evil magician known as the Enchanter. Suddenly he spots a windmill, mistakes it for a four-armed giant, attacks it, and receives a beating from the encounter. Quijote decides that he lost the battle because he was never","title":"Man of La Mancha"},{"id":"9940683","text":"is John Galt?\" that plays an important role in \"Atlas Shrugged\". Rand is not the only famous author to invent a character with this name. Pulp fiction author Robert E. Howard, creator of heroes such as Conan the Barbarian, used a villain named John Galt—also a man of mystery missing for a long time and possessed of great wealth, trying to manipulate his world from the background—in the tale \"Black Talons\" in 1933, more than twenty years before \"Atlas Shrugged\" was published. The Galt character has been compared to various iconic figures from literature and history. In the novel itself,","title":"John Galt"},{"id":"6795234","text":"creator, Miguel de Cervantes. In the novel Cervantes has Don Quixote satirically present himself as an \"hidalgo de sangre\" and aspire to live the life of a knight-errant despite the fact that his economic position does not allow him to truly do so. Don Quixote's possessions allowed to him a meager life devoted to his reading obsession, yet his concept of honour led him to emulate the knights-errant. The picaresque novel \"Lazarillo\" features an hidalgo so poor that he spreads breadcrumbs on his clothes, to simulate having eaten a meal. His \"hidalgo\" honour forbids him from manual work but does","title":"Hidalgo (nobility)"},{"id":"259982","text":"Miguel de Cervantes Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra (; ; ; 29 September 1547 (assumed)22 April 1616 NS) was a Spanish writer who is widely regarded as the greatest writer in the Spanish language and one of the world's pre-eminent novelists. His novel \"Don Quixote\" has been translated into over 140 languages and dialects; it is, after the Bible, the most-translated book in the world. \"Don Quixote\", a classic of Western literature, is sometimes considered both the first modern novel and the best work of fiction ever written. Cervantes' influence on the Spanish language has been so great that the language","title":"Miguel de Cervantes"},{"id":"12303259","text":"organizer of the First International Symposium on Cultural Property and Patrimony (Columbia University, 1999) and of a panel discussion entitled \"The Art of the Enemy\" (School of Visual Arts in New York City, 2002). Feliciano is currently teaching an honors seminar on religious art at New York University. The character known as Hector Hurtado seen in the French thriller \"L'Antiquaire\" is said to have been loosely based upon Hector Felciano. Héctor Feliciano Hector Feliciano (born 1952) is a Puerto Rican journalist and author whose book \"\"The Lost Museum: The Nazi Conspiracy to Steal the World's Greatest Works of Art\"\" has","title":"Héctor Feliciano"},{"id":"260000","text":"Part, as some have maintained) occurred to him while in jail. Cervantes' idea was to give a picture of real life and manners, and to express himself in clear language. The intrusion of everyday speech into a literary context was acclaimed by the reading public. The author stayed poor until January 1605, when the first part of \"Don Quixote\" appeared. The popularity of \"Don Quixote\" led to the publication of an unauthorized continuation of it by an unknown writer, who masqueraded under the name of Alonso Fernández de Avellaneda. Cervantes produced his own continuation, or Second Part, of \"Don Quixote\",","title":"Miguel de Cervantes"},{"id":"3799205","text":"\"rogue\" or \"rascal\". In these novels, the adventures of the \"pícaro\" expose injustice while simultaneously amusing the reader. Published by Miguel de Cervantes in two volumes a decade apart, Don Quixote is the most influential work of literature to emerge from the Spanish Golden Age and perhaps the entire Spanish literary canon. As a founding work of modern Western literature, it regularly appears at or near the top of lists of the greatest works of fiction ever published. Spain's greatest painters during the Spanish Golden Age period included El Greco, Bartolomé Esteban Murillo, Diego Velázquez, and Francisco Goya, who became","title":"Culture of Spain"},{"id":"471821","text":"Natasha Randall, Orwell believed that Huxley was lying. The scientific futurism in \"Brave New World\" is believed to be cribbed from \"Daedalus\" by J. B. S. Haldane. The events of the Depression in Britain in 1931, with its mass unemployment and the abandonment of the gold currency standard, persuaded Huxley to assert that stability was the \"primal and ultimate need\" if civilisation was to survive the present crisis. The \"Brave New World\" character Mustapha Mond, Resident World Controller of Western Europe, is named after Sir Alfred Mond. Shortly before writing the novel, Huxley visited Mond's technologically advanced plant near Billingham,","title":"Brave New World"},{"id":"4706361","text":"Frank. It is probable, but not clear, that Pancho or Cisco were originally named after the famous Mexican revolutionary general whose nom de guerre was Francisco \"Pancho\" Villa. The Cisco Kid The Cisco Kid is a fictional character found in numerous film, radio, television and comic book series based on the fictional Western character created by O. Henry in his 1907 short story \"The Caballero's Way\", published in the collection \"Heart of the West\", as well as in \"Everybody's Magazine\", v17, July 1907. In films, radio and television, the Kid was depicted as a heroic Mexican caballero, even though he","title":"The Cisco Kid"},{"id":"5861460","text":"Baroness Ungern: Books by Boris Balkan: Books by Enrique Taillefer: Books by an unnamed Nobel-prize-winning author: Book by Don Jaime Astarloa, (hero of Perez-Reverte's novel The Fencing Master): Aristide Torchia, a fictional historical author from the novel, has been referred to in other media including \"The Ninth Gate\" ( a film based on the novel), and video game \"Max Payne\". The fictional character Torchia was described as follows. He was born in 1620. He was apprenticed in Leyden under the Elzevir family. After returning to Venice he published small works on philosophical and esoteric themes. In 1666, Torchia published \"De","title":"The Club Dumas"},{"id":"3611677","text":"era antes y primero de todos los rocines del mundo\"—\"a name, to his thinking, lofty, sonorous, and significant of his condition as a hack before he became what he now was, the first and foremost of all the hacks in the world\". In chapter 1, Cervantes describes Don Quixote's careful naming of his steed: Four days were spent in thinking what name to give him, because (as he said to himself) it was not right that a horse belonging to a knight so famous, and one with such merits of his own, should be without some distinctive name, and he","title":"Rocinante"},{"id":"1606913","text":"Quixote\" (an early novel, perhaps better classified as a satirical romance), for example, Cervantes disapproved of Alonso Fernández de Avellaneda's use of his characters in \"Second Volume of the Ingenious Gentleman Don Quixote of La Mancha\", an unauthorized sequel. In response, Cervantes very firmly kills the protagonist at the end of the Second Part to discourage any more such creative liberties. Another example is Samuel Richardson, an 18th-century author who responded particularly strongly against the appropriation of his material by unauthorized third parties. Richardson was extremely vocal in his disapproval of the way the protagonist of his novel \"Pamela\" was","title":"Sequel"},{"id":"15551556","text":"in great poverty in a village of La Mancha, gave himself up so entirely to reading the romances of chivalry, of which he had a large collection, that in the end they turned his brain, and nothing would satisfy him but that he must ride abroad on his old horse, armed with spear and helmet, a knight-errant, to encounter all adventures, and to redress the innumerable wrongs of the world. He induced a neighbour of his, a poor and ignorant peasant called Sancho Panza, mounted on a very good ass, to accompany him as squire. The knight saw the world","title":"Spanish chivalry"},{"id":"3178843","text":"any shield-carrying duties. The typical jobs of a squire included: The young King Arthur served as Sir Kay's squire in the traditional tale of the sword in the stone that appears in literary works, including \"Le Morte d'Arthur\" and \"The Once and Future King\". One of the pilgrim-storytellers in \"The Canterbury Tales\" is a squire whose father recounts the tale. In Cervantes's \"Don Quixote\", the babbling Sancho Panza serves as squire of the deluded Don. In the children's book \"The Castle in the Attic\", the protagonist William serves as the squire of Sir Simon, a knight from the Middle Ages","title":"Squire"},{"id":"7859043","text":"the base of the monument, and under the feet of the writer, are the statues of Don Quixote and Sancho Panza. The set was finalized when the figures of Dulcinea and Aldonza Lorenzo were added, also characters of the Cervantes novel. Alluding to the universality of Don Quixote, the monument also contemplates the five continents, all of them reading the work of Cervantes. On the other side and above the fountains, is represented the Spanish Literature, dressed in period and holding a book with his right hand. The tree that predominates in the landscaping of the square is the olive","title":"Plaza de España, Madrid"},{"id":"2851953","text":"the original story line. The passage containing Tintin's drunkenness has been ignored entirely, keeping the character consistent with how it is seen in the rest of series - upright, conscientious and of commendable moral standards. Besides, the political narratives, almost ubiquitously present in the latter part of the original album, have also been largely overlooked. Tintin's conflict with the military was also replaced with one with Alonso Pérez and Ramón Bada. The Broken Ear The Broken Ear (, originally published in English as Tintin and the Broken Ear) is the sixth volume of \"The Adventures of Tintin\", the comics series","title":"The Broken Ear"},{"id":"8926294","text":"choreography for the film (including the fight scenes). Gino Conforti, as the barber, is the only member of the original Broadway musical cast to repeat his role for the film. Cervantes and his manservant have been imprisoned by the Spanish Inquisition, and a manuscript by Cervantes is seized by his fellow inmates, who subject him to a mock trial in order to determine whether the manuscript should be returned. Cervantes' defense is in the form of a play, in which Cervantes takes the role of Alonso Quijano, an old gentleman who has lost his mind and now believes that he","title":"Man of La Mancha (film)"},{"id":"3652841","text":"launched a process for giving proper names to certain exoplanets and their host stars. The process involved public nomination and voting for the new names. In December 2015, the IAU announced the winning names were Cervantes for this star and Quijote, Dulcinea, Rocinante and Sancho, for its planets (b, c, d, and e, respectively; the IAU used the Pepe \"et al\" system). The winning names were those submitted by the Planetario de Pamplona, Spain. Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra (1547-1616) was a famous Spanish writer and author of \"El Ingenioso Hidalgo Don Quixote de la Mancha\". The planets are named after","title":"Mu Arae"},{"id":"3179406","text":"romances. In the tale, a giant knight named \"Sir Oliphaunt\" is made to swear an oath by Termagant. In Occitan literature the name Muhammed was corrupted as \"Bafomet\", forming the basis for the legendary Baphomet, at different times an idol, a \"sabbatic goat\", and key link in conspiracy theories. The troubadour Austorc d'Aorlhac refers to Bafomet and Termagant (\"Tervagan\") side-by-side in one \"sirventes\", referring also to the latter's \"companions\". It has been claimed that Termagant became a stock character in a number of medieval mystery plays but another source denies this completely. On the stage, Termagant was usually depicted as","title":"Termagant"},{"id":"2269659","text":"de Cervantes too vast, Gilliam and his co-writer decided to create their own version of the Quixote story. They made a major change inspired by Mark Twain's novel \"A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court\". They planned to have the character of Sancho Panza appear only early in the film. He was to be replaced by character Toby Grisoni, a 21st-century marketing executive thrown back through time, whom Don Quixote mistakes for Panza. Gilliam was excited about the movie, as he felt that the story of Don Quixote embodies many of his own themes (such as the individual versus society,","title":"Lost in La Mancha"},{"id":"260034","text":"he knew people within El Greco's circle of friends. The 1859 portrait by Luis de Madrazo, which the painter himself stated is based on his own imagination, is currently at the Biblioteca Nacional de España. The Spanish euro coins of €0.10, €0.20, and €0.50 bear an image of a bust of Cervantes. Miguel de Cervantes Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra (; ; ; 29 September 1547 (assumed)22 April 1616 NS) was a Spanish writer who is widely regarded as the greatest writer in the Spanish language and one of the world's pre-eminent novelists. His novel \"Don Quixote\" has been translated into","title":"Miguel de Cervantes"},{"id":"8510561","text":"called The Duke. Miguel de Cervantes and his manservant have been thrown into a dungeon by the Spanish Inquisition for an offense against the Church. In the dungeon, a mock trial is staged, with its intention being that the prisoners rob Cervantes of all of his possessions, including a precious manuscript that he refuses to give up. It is, of course, the yet-to-be-published manuscript of \"Don Quixote de la Mancha\", Cervantes's masterpiece. In defending himself, Cervantes begins to narrate his story of Don Quixote, with Cervantes as the Don Quixote, the role of Sancho enacted by Cervantes' own manservant, and","title":"I, Don Quixote"},{"id":"1426073","text":"cannibal, and one of them understands those cannibalistic instincts all too well.\" Hannibal Lecter is parodied in the 2005 musical, \"SILENCE! The Musical\", with the character being originated by actor Brent Barrett. Thomas Harris has given few interviews and did not explain where he got inspiration for Hannibal Lecter until mid-2013. Harris revealed that the character was inspired by a real-life doctor and murderer he met while visiting a prison in the city of Monterrey during a trip to Mexico in the 1960s when he was a 23-year-old reporter. The doctor was serving a life sentence for murdering a young","title":"Hannibal Lecter"},{"id":"101639","text":"Don Quixote The Ingenious Nobleman Sir Quixote of La Mancha (Modern Spanish: ', ), or just ' (, , ; ), is a Spanish novel by Miguel de Cervantes. Published in two parts, in 1605 and 1615, \"Don Quixote\" is the most influential work of literature from the Spanish Golden Age and the entire Spanish literary canon. As a founding work of modern Western literature and the earliest canonical novel, it regularly appears high on lists of the greatest works of fiction ever published, such as the Bokklubben World Library collection that cites \"Don Quixote\" as the authors' choice for","title":"Don Quixote"},{"id":"492116","text":"in doing research, but it is also a trademark of Wilson's writing. The novel \"Telemachus Sneezed\" by the character Atlanta Hope with its catchphrase \"What is John Guilt?\" is a spoof of Ayn Rand's \"Atlas Shrugged\", the origin of the character John Galt. Ayn Rand is mentioned by name a few times in \"Illuminatus!\", and her novel is alluded to by Hagbard who says, \"If Atlas can Shrug and Telemachus can Sneeze, why can't Satan Repent?\" Rand is also disparaged in one of the appendices concerning property, ostensibly written by Hagbard, which serves as an explanation of anarchist Pierre-Joseph Proudhon's","title":"The Illuminatus! Trilogy"},{"id":"16664320","text":"in April 2014. A second Campion \"continuation\" novel followed in 2015 and a third in 2016. His non-fiction reader's history \"Kiss Kiss, Bang Bang\", a survey of the boom in British thrillers 1953-1975 was published in May 2017 and won the H.R.F.Keating Award for non-fiction at \"Crimefest\" 2018. Mike Ripley's most recent project has been the completion of a novel featuring Albert Campion, the detective character created by one of his heroes, the crime writer Margery Allingham. Following Margery's death in 1966, her husband Philip Youngman Carter completed her novel \"Cargo of Eagles\" (published 1968), and two further Campion books:","title":"Mike Ripley"},{"id":"11368705","text":"Pinocchio Pinocchio (; ) is a fictional character and the protagonist of the children's novel \"The Adventures of Pinocchio\" (1883) by Italian writer Carlo Collodi. Carved by a woodcarver named Geppetto in a village near Lucca, he was created as a wooden puppet but dreams of becoming a real boy. He is notably characterized for his frequent tendency to lie, which causes his nose to grow. Pinocchio is a cultural icon. As one of the most reimagined characters in children's literature, his story has been adapted into other media, notably the 1940 Disney film \"Pinocchio\". Pinocchio's characterization varies across interpretations,","title":"Pinocchio"},{"id":"19163850","text":"Lamme Goedzak Lamme Goedzak is a character in Charles De Coster's novel \"The Legend of Thyl Ulenspiegel and Lamme Goedzak\" (1867). He is the best friend of Thyl Ulenspiegel. While Ulenspiegel himself is derived from Dutch-German-Flemish folklore Lamme Goedzak is entirely created by De Coster. Despite this he has become one of the most recognizable Flemish folklore characters since. Camille Huysmans, in his commentary on De Coster, considered Lamme Goedzak to be modeled on Cervantes' Sancho Panza, Don Quixote's loyal companion. Lamme Goedzak's name literally translates as \"lazy kind soul\", which already hints at his personality. Lamme is a jolly,","title":"Lamme Goedzak"},{"id":"8421978","text":"Molinux Molinux was an operating system based on Ubuntu sponsored by the autonomous community of Castilla-La Mancha and the Fundación Ínsula Barataria. The name \"Molinux\" derives from the Spanish word \"molino\", meaning \"mill\" or \"windmill\". Each version of Molinux is named after a character from the classic Spanish novel \"Don Quixote\", by Miguel de Cervantes. Molinux was an initiative begun in 2005 by the government of Castilla-La Mancha to introduce the Castile-La Mancha community to the forefront of the Information Society. The Molinux project is intended to attack the digital divide by reducing the cost of software and offering an","title":"Molinux"},{"id":"8283628","text":"well be the price of our failure\" again add to East Asian stereotypes of exclusion. Fu Manchu's inventively sardonic methods of murder and white protagonist Denis Nayland Smith's grudging respect for his intellect reinforce stereotypes of East Asian intelligence, exoticism/mysticism, and extreme cruelty. Charlie Chan, a fictional character created by author Earl Derr Biggers loosely based on Chang Apana (1871–1933), a real-life Chinese-Hawaiian police officer, has been the subject of 10 novels (spanning from 1925 to as late as 1981), over 40 American films, a comic strip, a board game, a card game, and a 1970s animated television series. In","title":"Stereotypes of East Asians in the United States"},{"id":"2068862","text":"Based on the children's book series \"Basil of Baker Street\" by Eve Titus, it draws heavily on the tradition of Sherlock Holmes with a heroic mouse who consciously emulates the detective; Titus named the main character after actor Basil Rathbone, who is best remembered for playing Holmes in film (and whose voice, sampled from a 1966 reading of \"The Red-Headed League\" was the voice of Holmes in this film, 19 years after his death). Sherlock Holmes also mentions \"Basil\" as one of his aliases in the Arthur Conan Doyle story \"The Adventure of Black Peter\". \"The Great Mouse Detective\" was","title":"The Great Mouse Detective"},{"id":"8646623","text":"new names. In December 2015, the IAU announced the winning name was Quijote for this planet. The winning name was submitted by the Planetario de Pamplona, Spain. Quijote was the lead character of the novel \"El Ingenioso Hidalgo Don Quixote de la Mancha\". Although the character's name is more commonly spelled Quixote, Quijote is the original Spanish spelling. Mu Arae b Mu Arae b, often designated HD 160691 b, later named Quijote, is an extrasolar planet orbiting the star Mu Arae of the constellation Ara. The planet is at least one and a half times the mass of Jupiter, and","title":"Mu Arae b"},{"id":"8698699","text":"Miracle of Marcelino Miracle of Marcelino (, \"Marcelino, bread and wine\") is a 1955 Spanish film. It was a success, and other countries have produced versions of it. The 1955 film was written by José Maria Sanchez-Silva, who based it on his novel, and directed by Ladislao Vajda. Its stars were Rafael Rivelles, Juan Calvo (who also starred together as Don Quixote and Sancho Panza in the 1947 Spanish film version of Cervantes's \"Don Quixote\" and the young child star Pablito Calvo (no relation to Juan) as Marcelino. The musical score and theme song - sung in full during the","title":"Miracle of Marcelino"},{"id":"7336442","text":"The Adventures of Don Coyote and Sancho Panda The Adventures of Don Coyote and Sancho Panda is an American/Italian animated television series produced by Hanna-Barbera with the Italian public service broadcaster RAI and its first channel Rai 1, loosely based on the main characters in Miguel de Cervantes' 17th century novel, \"Don Quixote\": Don Quixote himself and Sancho Panza. It was first broadcast in 1989 in Europe, and then in the United States in 1990 as part of the weekend/weekday morning programming block, \"The Funtastic World of Hanna-Barbera\". Don Coyote (voiced by Frank Welker) is a swordsman who goes around","title":"The Adventures of Don Coyote and Sancho Panda"},{"id":"1387977","text":"virtual world. Noon also credits Joseph Campbell's book \"The Hero with a Thousand Faces\" for inspiring the narrative structure of \"Vurt\". The character of Desdemona is based on the character of the same name from William Shakespeare's play \"Othello\". The Curious Yellow feather is a possible allusion to the 1967 Swedish film \"I Am Curious (Yellow)\", which uses non-linear narrative structures and postmodern techniques like the novel. It might also be a reference to computer worms (the Vurt is riddled with virtual reality serpents which propagate from game to game, like computer worms replicate themselves by hijacking computer programs). \"Vurt\"","title":"Vurt"},{"id":"1528147","text":"own works. It is worth noting that Dostoyevsky, who had just returned from exile in Siberia, was present at this speech, for eight years later he was to write \"The Idiot\", a novel whose tragic hero, Prince Myshkin, resembles Don Quixote in many respects. Turgenev, whose knowledge of Spanish, thanks to his contact with Pauline Viardot and her family, was good enough for him to have considered translating Cervantes's novel into Russian, played an important role in introducing this immortal figure of world literature into the Russian context. \"Fathers and Sons\" (\"Отцы и дети\"), Turgenev's most famous and enduring novel,","title":"Ivan Turgenev"},{"id":"16189739","text":"Anselmo Suárez y Romero Anselmo Suárez y Romero (1818 – 1878) was a renowned Cuban writer and novelist, better known for the first novel in Spanish about slavery in the Americas: \"Francisco\". (In Portuguese, there is a former Brazilian novel about a slave that became a very famous character in Brazilian literature: \"Escrava Isaura\", \"Isaura, the slave\". \"Francisco\" was first published in 1880. \"Escrava Isaura\" in 1776.) Suárez y Romero was educated in his native city, where he devoted himself to teaching and contributing to public education. Anselmo Suárez y Romero's masterpiece: Francisco, also known as El ingenio o las","title":"Anselmo Suárez y Romero"},{"id":"15520180","text":"Science Fiction filming, with a quality that would only be reached again by \"Los cronocrímenes\" (2007), by Nacho Vigalondo. The most important Science Fiction TV series produced in Spain is \"El ministerio del tiempo\" (2015-), even though \"Mañana puede ser verdad\" (1964-1964) by Chicho Ibáñez Serrador, and \"Plutón BRB Nero\" (2008-2009), should also be mentioned. Spanish science fiction Science fiction in Spanish-language literature has its roots in authors such as Antonio de Guevara with \"The Golden Book of Marcus Aurelius\" (1527), Miguel de Cervantes in \"Don Quixote\", and Francisco de Quevedo with \"The Tower of Hercules\". In the 20th century,","title":"Spanish science fiction"},{"id":"4857886","text":"Murder at the ABA Murder at the ABA (1976) is a mystery novel by Isaac Asimov, following the adventures of a writer and amateur detective named Darius Just, whom Asimov modeled on his friend Harlan Ellison. While attending a convention of the American Booksellers Association, Just discovers the dead body of a friend and protégé. Convinced that the death was due to murder, but unable to convince the police, Just decides to investigate on his own. The book is an example of metafiction, as Asimov himself appears as a character doing research for a murder mystery set at a booksellers'","title":"Murder at the ABA"},{"id":"1508636","text":"unwilling prisoner to be tried. The Duke taunts Cervantes for his look of fear, and accuses him of not facing reality. This prompts Cervantes to passionately defend his idealism. The Don Quixote play resumes (\"Man of La Mancha\" – first reprise). Quixote and Sancho have left the inn and encounter a band of Gypsies (\"Moorish Dance\") who take advantage of Quixote's naiveté and steal everything they own, including Quixote's horse Rocinante and Sancho's donkey Dapple. Quixote and Sancho are forced to return to the inn. Aldonza also shows up at the inn, bruised and ashamed. Quixote swears to avenge her,","title":"Man of La Mancha"},{"id":"1861967","text":"Don Juan Don Juan (Spanish ), also Don Giovanni (Italian), is a legendary, fictional libertine. Famous versions of the story include a 17th-century play, \"El burlador de Sevilla y convidado de piedra\" (\"The Trickster of Seville and the Stone Guest\") by Tirso de Molina; and an 18th-century opera, \"Don Giovanni\", with music by Mozart and a libretto by Lorenzo da Ponte. By linguistic extension from the name of the character, Don Juan has become a generic expression for a womanizer, and stemming from this, Don Juanism is the name of a psychiatric diagnosis. In Spanish, \"Don Juan\" is pronounced .","title":"Don Juan"},{"id":"9193828","text":"Ricote (Don Quixote) Ricote is a fictional character who is referred to in Miguel de Cervantes' novel \"Don Quixote\". He was a wealthy (\"\" meaning \"rich\" in Spanish) Morisco shopkeeper and old friend of Sancho Panza, who was banned from Spain in 1609 like all Moriscos. The expulsion of the Moriscos was a highly topical issue at the time when \"Don Quixote\" was written - occurring in between the publication of the first part (1605) and the second one (1615). In 2006 Govert Westerveld asserted that the Morisco Ricote came from the Ricote Valley, which hypothesis was confirmed by the","title":"Ricote (Don Quixote)"},{"id":"13926721","text":"in 1807, spent two years in one of the islands of the Galapagos archipelago during which he captured and enslaved other sailors. In the literature, the life of Oberlus was initially described in sufficient detail in \"The Encantadas\" by the American writer Herman Melville. An essay on the tyrant-hermit Oberlus inspired the Spanish writer Alberto Vázquez-Figueroa to write the novel \"La iguana\". In the novel, there appears Carmen, whom Oberlus keeps locked up, raping and making her bear his child. Vázquez-Figueroa initially discussed a potential adaptation with Italian film producer Franco di Nunzio, who sent him to Monte Hellman. The","title":"Iguana (film)"},{"id":"4727400","text":"Lothario Lothario is a male given name which came to suggest an unscrupulous seducer of women in \"The Impertinent Curious Man\", a story within a story in Miguel de Cervantes' 1605 novel \"Don Quixote\". \"Don Quixote, Part One\" contains stories that do not directly involve the two main characters, but which are narrated by some of the picaresque figures encountered by Quixote and Sancho during their travels. The longest and best known story is \"El Curioso Impertinente\" (\"The Impertinently Curious Man\"), in Part One, Book Four, chapters 33–35, which is read to a group of travellers at an inn, about","title":"Lothario"},{"id":"2937132","text":"the travels with Don Quixote, he keeps contact with his wife by dictating letters addressed to her. Sancho Panza offers interpolated narrative voice throughout the tale, a literary convention invented by Cervantes. Sancho Panza is precursor to \"the sidekick,\" and is symbolic of practicality over idealism. Sancho is the everyman, who, though not sharing his master's delusional \"enchantment\" until late in the novel, remains his ever-faithful companion realist, and functions as the clever sidekick. Salvador de Madariaga detected that, as the book progresses, there is a \"Quixotization\" of Sancho and a \"Sanchification\" of Don Quixote, so much that, when the","title":"Sancho Panza"},{"id":"101703","text":"available on the Internet, although some versions eliminate, as they should not, the prefatory material. The best digital text available is http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/996. This translation, even witbout Douglas and Jones' revisions, is preferible to the other public domain translations available online, those of Charles Jervas and Tobias Smollett. Don Quixote The Ingenious Nobleman Sir Quixote of La Mancha (Modern Spanish: ', ), or just ' (, , ; ), is a Spanish novel by Miguel de Cervantes. Published in two parts, in 1605 and 1615, \"Don Quixote\" is the most influential work of literature from the Spanish Golden Age and the","title":"Don Quixote"},{"id":"6507944","text":"Pepusch who provided the source-structure in \"The Beggar's Opera\" for Bertolt Brecht's \"Threepenny Opera\". There is a characteristic series of illustrations by 'Phiz'. Prologue (1599): Auriol Darcy is surprised attempting to remove the heads of two traitors from the Southwark Gateway of Old London Bridge. He is injured by the warder, Baldred, and carried to the house of Dr Lamb, an alchemist and Auriol Darcy's grandfather, who is assisted by his faithful dwarf Flapdragon. Lamb, on the point of discovering the elixir of life, has a seizure and dies as his ungrateful grandson consumes the draught. Book the first 'Ebba'","title":"Auriol (novel)"},{"id":"260008","text":"now be carried out in an attempt to confirm the findings. On 11 June 2015, the remains of Cervantes were given a formal burial at a Madrid convent, containing a monument holding bone fragments that were believed to have been the author's. The city mayor Ana Botella and military attended the event. \"Don Quixote\" (spelled \"Quijote\" in modern Spanish) is two separate volumes, now nearly always published as one, that cover the adventures of Don Quixote de la Mancha, a hero who carries his enthusiasm and self-deception to unintentional and comic ends. On one level, \"Don Quixote\" works as a","title":"Miguel de Cervantes"},{"id":"6301510","text":"The Eternal Quest The Eternal Quest (U.S. title \"Tilting at Windmills\"; subtitle \"A Novel of Cervantes and the Errant Knight\") is a novel published in 2003. It is the first novel by the writer Julian Branston and concerns the writing of the novel \"Don Quixote\". The U.S. title refers to a famous episode on Don Quixote where the title character comes upon a windmill and mistakes it for a giant. \"The Eternal Quest\" covers a short period of time in Spain in the early 17th century during the reign of King Philip III. The events in the novel circle around","title":"The Eternal Quest"},{"id":"2937133","text":"knight recovers sanity on his deathbed, it is Sancho who tries to convince him to become pastoral shepherds. In the novel, Don Quixote comments on the historical state and condition of Aragón and Castilla, which are vying for power in Europe. Sancho Panza represents, among other things, the quintessentially Spanish brand of skepticism of the period. Sancho obediently follows his master, despite being sometimes puzzled by Quixote's actions. Riding a donkey, he helps Quixote get out of various conflicts while looking forward to rewards of \"aventura\" that Quixote tells him of. Cervantes variously names Sancho in the first book Sancho","title":"Sancho Panza"},{"id":"1861981","text":"Juan. In another Broadway musical, Gaston Leroux's \"The Phantom of the Opera\", the character of the Phantom writes an opera based on the legend of Don Juan called \"Don Juan Triumphant\". Don Juan Don Juan (Spanish ), also Don Giovanni (Italian), is a legendary, fictional libertine. Famous versions of the story include a 17th-century play, \"El burlador de Sevilla y convidado de piedra\" (\"The Trickster of Seville and the Stone Guest\") by Tirso de Molina; and an 18th-century opera, \"Don Giovanni\", with music by Mozart and a libretto by Lorenzo da Ponte. By linguistic extension from the name of the","title":"Don Juan"},{"id":"11120155","text":"is not set in Zamonia, as most of Moers’ other novels are. Illustrations used are taken from \"The Rime of the Ancient Mariner\", \"Orlando Furioso\", \"The Raven\", \"Don Quixote\", \"Legend of Croquemitane\", \"Gargantua and Pantagruel\", \"Paradise Lost\", and the Bible. Blind Guardian's song, from the album A Twist in the Myth, \"This Will Never End\", is based on this book. The story begins with 12-year-old Gustave, captain of the \"Aventure\" as he attempts to escape the deadly Siamese Twins Tornado. When the storm finally catches up with his crew, everyone is killed except Gustave, who meets Death, and his crazy","title":"A Wild Ride Through the Night"},{"id":"10302718","text":"The case established the principle of \"libel by innuendo\" in English law, and \"Monson v Tussauds Ltd\" has been used to draw up defamation laws in many countries since. A notorious case at the time, the trial received renewed attention when it was noted that Joseph Bell, revealed as the inspiration for the popular fictional character Sherlock Holmes, had been called as an expert witness at the murder trial. Alfred John Monson began working as a gentleman's tutor for the Hambrough family in 1891. On 10 August 1893, Alfred John Monson took Cecil Hambrough, his 20-year-old pupil, for a day's","title":"Ardlamont murder"},{"id":"17137603","text":"the famous Princess Leia line, \"Help me, Obi-Wan Kenobi. You're my only hope!\" from \"Star Wars\". The lines that Mother Superior says before that is also a nod to Star Wars as is similar to what Obi-Wan Kenobi says after the destruction of Alderaan. Outside Storybrooke, Cora tells daughter Regina her horse, Rocinante, is ready. Rocinante is the name of Don Quijote's horse in the novel \"El Ingenioso Hidalgo, Don Quijote de La Mancha\" by Miguel de Cervantes. The outing saw a decrease from the previous episode, tied for second in its time period with a 2.2/6 among 18-49s with","title":"The Queen Is Dead (Once Upon a Time)"},{"id":"10815366","text":"the drawing, Lorenzo Domínguez's sculpture \"Barcelona\" appears as homage to the victims of bombings. In the last fall, \"Crucifixion in Health\", the religious dimension of Don Quixote, already suggested in \"Crucifixion in Madness\", becomes clearer. In this final fall, the Spanish knight stops being Don Quixote. In this drawing, Cervantes' character appears at the center, and to his right and left appear the housekeeper and the niece, mimicking the female figures of the Christian crucifixion. Upon breaking the spear, the knight's arms become the arms of a cross. Don Quixote dies on that cross, and only Alonso Quijano is left","title":"Lorenzo Domínguez"},{"id":"3061912","text":"3552 Don Quixote 3552 Don Quixote, provisionally designated , is an exceptionally eccentric asteroid, classified as a near-Earth object of the Amor group, Mars-crosser and Jupiter-crosser, as well as centaur and extinct comet. The asteroid was discovered on 26 September 1983, by Swiss astronomer Paul Wild at Zimmerwald Observatory near Bern, Switzerland. It was named after the comic knight who is the eponymous hero of Cervantes Spanish novel \"Don Quixote\" (1605). The approved naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 2 December 1990 (). \"Don Quixote\" is characterized as a dark D-type asteroid in the Tholen and","title":"3552 Don Quixote"},{"id":"4880235","text":"wife is called by many names (some within just two paragraphs) including \"Juana Panza\", \"Mari Gutiérrez\", \"Juana Gutiérrez\", \"Teresa Cascajo\", etc. \"Teresa Panza\" is settled on only after she becomes a substantial character. It is difficult to decide whether these are true mistakes, as malapropisms, aliases and puns are a running joke throughout the books. Cide Hamete Benengeli is miscalled \"Berengena\" (eggplant), Teresa is called \"Teresona Panza\" (approximately, \"Fat Belly\"), and so on. Alonso Fernández de Avellaneda Alonso Fernández de Avellaneda is the pseudonym of a man who wrote a sequel to Cervantes' \"Don Quixote\". The identity of Fernández de","title":"Alonso Fernández de Avellaneda"},{"id":"11850333","text":"Don Quixote is seen by many scholars to be a stand-in for Ruiz de Burton herself. Quixote is interpreted as a California Hidalgo who has been tricked and conquered by jokesters (standing in for squatters) who faked having aristocratic lineage. Don Quixote's character is transformed from a Hidalgo into a Mexican-American, who rides through stolen lands believing that he is a Spanish savior who must right the wrongs that have injured his people and end the enchantment imposed by the occupiers. In the conclusion, Quixote is deemed a criminal, and ends up a displaced Californio, disgraced, lower-class, and with no","title":"María Ruiz de Burton"},{"id":"2937137","text":"and continue the adventure. Sancho encounters Ricote (\"fat cat\"), his former Morisco neighbor, who has buried a small fortune. Ricote, like all Moriscos, was expelled from Spain and has returned in disguise to retrieve the treasure he left behind. He asks Sancho for his help. Sancho, while sympathetic, refuses to betray his king. When Don Quixote takes to his deathbed, Sancho tries to cheer him. Sancho idealistically proposes they become pastoral shepherds and thus becomes 'Quixotized'. In addition to stage and screen adaptations of the novel itself, Sancho Panza is a major character in the play within a play in","title":"Sancho Panza"},{"id":"11368716","text":"evil witch Mizrabel in her plot to dominate their world; he is imprisoned alongside Genie in the Cave of Wonders until eventually being rescued by Mickey Mouse. Pinocchio Pinocchio (; ) is a fictional character and the protagonist of the children's novel \"The Adventures of Pinocchio\" (1883) by Italian writer Carlo Collodi. Carved by a woodcarver named Geppetto in a village near Lucca, he was created as a wooden puppet but dreams of becoming a real boy. He is notably characterized for his frequent tendency to lie, which causes his nose to grow. Pinocchio is a cultural icon. As one","title":"Pinocchio"},{"id":"2060889","text":"could originate, making Quixote seem even more absurd. However, due to the fame of Cervantes' character, the name of La Mancha did become associated worldwide with romantic chivalry. Several film versions of \"Don Quixote\" have actually been filmed largely in La Mancha. However, some, including the 1957 Russian film version, and the screen version of \"Man of La Mancha\", were not. The 1957 film was shot in Crimea, while \"Man of La Mancha\" was filmed in Italy. G.W. Pabst's 1933 version of Cervantes's novel was shot in Alpes-de-Haute-Provence. The 2000 made-for-TV \"Don Quixote\", starring John Lithgow as Don Quixote and","title":"La Mancha"},{"id":"10134145","text":"later editions use the American title. A coming of age story set in the mythical \"golden age\" of Spain. The titular character is excluded from the inheritance of the family castle on the grounds that given his expertise with sword and mandolin he should be able to win his own estate and bride. Setting out to achieve his place in the world, Rodriguez quickly acquires a Sancho Panza-like servant, Morano, and goes on to experience a series of adventures en route to his goal. Don Rodriguez: Chronicles of Shadow Valley Don Rodriguez: Chronicles of Shadow Valley is a fantasy novel","title":"Don Rodriguez: Chronicles of Shadow Valley"},{"id":"11073658","text":"costume with heads on either end (the neckline of each respective head opening mimics their costumes from \"The Flintstones\": Fred's has a necktie and Barney's features the signature cross-stitching of his tunic). Bill Dana's portrayal of the White Knight is a manifestation of Jose Jimenez, the Hispanic immigrant character he perfected in standup routines and on sitcoms (very likely this interpretation of the White Knight was also a comic nod to the most \"un\"likely and famous fictional knight-errant of all, the Spanish novelist Miguel de Cervantes' Don Quixote). Character actor Allan Melvin provided a voice inspired by Humphrey Bogart for","title":"Alice in Wonderland or What's a Nice Kid Like You Doing in a Place Like This?"},{"id":"19801783","text":"Robert Langdon (film series) The Robert Langdon films are a series of American mystery thriller movies directed by Ron Howard. The films focus on Robert Langdon, a fictional character appearing in the Robert Langdon (book series) by author Dan Brown. The film series has a different chronological order than the novels, and consists of \"The Da Vinci Code\" (2006), \"Angels & Demons\" (2009) and \"Inferno\" (2016). The series has grossed almost $1.5 billion worldwide. Dan Brown’s novels about Professor Robert Langdon: \"Angels & Demons\" (2000), \"The Da Vinci Code\" (2003), and \"Inferno\" (2013), quickly became international bestsellers, and were soon","title":"Robert Langdon (film series)"},{"id":"9193830","text":"as it would be a treason to his king. Later Sancho and Don Quixote meet Ricote and his daughter Ana Félix in Barcelona. She is a fervent Christian and has been rescued from Berbery by a young noble neighbour from Sancho and Ricote's village. Her beauty and sincere faith convinces the authorities to arrange the re-admission of the Ricotes in Spain. Ricote (Don Quixote) Ricote is a fictional character who is referred to in Miguel de Cervantes' novel \"Don Quixote\". He was a wealthy (\"\" meaning \"rich\" in Spanish) Morisco shopkeeper and old friend of Sancho Panza, who was banned","title":"Ricote (Don Quixote)"},{"id":"5402154","text":"has since become common place in fantasy literature and media. One of the character's most prominent appearances is when he disguises himself as a reverend hermit, and with the assistance of Duessa (\"Deceit\") seduces the Red-Cross Knight from Una (\"truth\"). Archimago has thus been interpreted as a symbol of religious hypocrisy, especially the rampant hypocrisy which Spenser perceived within the leadership of the Catholic church. He has also been cited as emblematic of temptation itself and as a character who presents a mutated worldview which causes the knight to doubt the reality of their faith -- the very source of","title":"Archimago"},{"id":"3061914","text":"unknown whether the observed activity is persistent or an outburst, resulting from the excavation of sub-surface ice due to a recent impact of a smaller body. 3552 Don Quixote 3552 Don Quixote, provisionally designated , is an exceptionally eccentric asteroid, classified as a near-Earth object of the Amor group, Mars-crosser and Jupiter-crosser, as well as centaur and extinct comet. The asteroid was discovered on 26 September 1983, by Swiss astronomer Paul Wild at Zimmerwald Observatory near Bern, Switzerland. It was named after the comic knight who is the eponymous hero of Cervantes Spanish novel \"Don Quixote\" (1605). The approved naming","title":"3552 Don Quixote"},{"id":"2137590","text":"features in the 1983 Italian film \"I paladini - Storia d'armi e d'amori\" (aka \"Hearts and Armour\"). Four successive ships of the British Royal Navy were named HMS Rinaldo for this character. Renaud de Montauban Renaud de Montauban (also spelled \"Renaut\", \"Renault\", Italian: \"Rinaldo di Montalbano\", Dutch: \"Reinout van Montalba(e)n\") was a fictional hero and knight who was introduced to literature in a 12th-century Old French \"chanson de geste\" known as \"Les Quatre Fils Aymon\" (\"The Four Sons of Aymon\") (frequently referred to simply as [the tale of] \"Renaud de Montauban\"). The four sons of Duke Aymon are Renaud, Richard,","title":"Renaud de Montauban"},{"id":"5510841","text":"years I wasted on this one! I was so frustrated with Hollywood, I went after European money, needing $20 million. And they said, 'You're on.' But I found out I needed more money. [...] That really hurts, that I let a project I'm convinced I'm the best director on the planet to do, slip by.\" After Schepisi's project collapsed, Gilliam resumed working on the film with co-writer Tony Grisoni, giving it the new name \"The Man Who Killed Don Quixote\". Instead of featuring a man named Alonso Quixano and Sancho Panza, this new version would instead feature Toby Grisoni (a","title":"The Man Who Killed Don Quixote"},{"id":"8646632","text":"Mu Arae d Mu Arae d, also known as HD 160691 d, later named Rocinante, is an extrasolar planet orbiting the star Mu Arae of the constellation Ara. In July 2014 the International Astronomical Union launched a process for giving proper names to certain exoplanets and their host stars. The process involved public nomination and voting for the new names. In December 2015, the IAU announced the winning name was Rocinante for this planet. The winning name was submitted by the Planetario de Pamplona, Spain. Rocinante was the horse of the lead character of the novel \"El Ingenioso Hidalgo Don","title":"Mu Arae d"},{"id":"426459","text":"tale. He attributes it to \"various Genoese\", but this may be seen as a reluctance to credit Marco Polo (as a Venetian an enemy of Florence and greatly disdained by Boccaccio personally); although no specific tale resembling this one appears in Polo's writings, his reports of Kublai Khan's generosity are likely the inspiration for the tale. Messer Gentile de' Carisendi, from Modena, disinters a lady that he loves, who has been buried for dead. She, being reanimated, gives birth to a male child; and Messer Gentile restores her, with her son, to Niccoluccio Caccianimico, her husband. Lauretta gives this story,","title":"Summary of Decameron tales"},{"id":"18181422","text":"The Ribald Decameron The Ribald Decameron (, also known as \"Love, Passion and Pleasure\") is a 1972 Italian commedia sexy all'italiana film directed by Giuseppe Vari (here credited as Walter Pisani). Nominally based on the Giovanni Boccaccio's novel \"Decameron\", it is part of a series of derivative erotic comedies based on the success of Pier Paolo Pasolini's \"The Decameron\". In the Middle Ages, the intrepid Cecco earns eating in taverns and squares as a novelist. His specialty is to re-read the \"Decameron\" of Boccaccio, narrating the stories most erotic and licentious, whose theme loves of nuns and friars, and rich","title":"The Ribald Decameron"},{"id":"12582267","text":"of Sicily. Scholars have even been able to verify the existence of less famous characters, such as the tricksters Bruno and Buffalmacco and their victim Calandrino. Still other fictional characters are based on real people, such as the Madonna Fiordaliso from tale II, 5, who is derived from a Madonna Flora who lived in the red light district of Naples. Boccaccio often intentionally muddled historical (II, 3) and geographical (V, 2) facts for his narrative purposes. Within the tales of \"The Decameron\", the principal characters are usually developed through their dialogue and actions, so that by the end of the","title":"The Decameron"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"id\": \"6104797\",\n \"text\": \"Cervantes' renowned novel, Don Quixote, who charged against a windmill, thinking it to be a giant. Like Quixote, the Hidalgo spacecraft will 'attack' an object much larger than itself, hopefully with more impressive results. 'Sancho' is named after Sancho Panza, the Quixote's squire, who preferred to stay back and watch from a safe distance, which is the role assigned to that probe. Finally, the name Hidalgo was a minor Spanish title (roughly equivalent to a Baronet), now obsolete. In the novel, it was the title Alonso Quijano had even before becoming Don Quijote. Don Quijote (spacecraft) Don Quijote is a\",\n \"title\": \"Don Quijote (spacecraft)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14602348\",\n \"text\": \"Alonso Quijano Alonso Quijano (spelled \\\"Quixano\\\" in English and Early Modern Spanish) is the personal name of the famous fictional hidalgo or knight better known as Don Quijote, the leading character of the novel \\\"Don Quijote de la Mancha\\\", written by Miguel de Cervantes. Other names or nicknames of Alonso Quijano that go appearing in the story are: the Knight of the Sad Face, that puts him alongside his own squire Sancho Panza, or the Knight of the Lions, adopted by Don Quijote after an encounter with lions (in the second part, at chapter 17). In chapter 39 of the\",\n \"title\": \"Alonso Quijano\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"101640\",\n \"text\": \"the \\\"best literary work ever written\\\". The story follows the adventures of a noble (hidalgo) named Alonso Quixano who reads so many chivalric romances that he loses his sanity and decides to become a knight-errant (\\\"caballero andante\\\"), reviving chivalry and serving his country, under the name \\\"Don Quixote de la Mancha\\\". He recruits a simple farmer, Sancho Panza, as his squire, who often employs a unique, earthy wit in dealing with Don Quixote's rhetorical orations on antiquated knighthood. Don Quixote, in the first part of the book, does not see the world for what it is and prefers to imagine\",\n \"title\": \"Don Quixote\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"101672\",\n \"text\": \"his image. By his deathbed, he has regained his sanity, and is once more \\\"Alonso Quixano the Good\\\". Sources for \\\"Don Quixote\\\" include the Castilian novel \\\"Amadis de Gaula\\\", which had enjoyed great popularity throughout the 16th century. Another prominent source, which Cervantes evidently admires more, is \\\"Tirant lo Blanch\\\", which the priest describes in Chapter VI of \\\"Quixote\\\" as \\\"the best book in the world.\\\" (However, the sense in which it was \\\"best\\\" is much debated among scholars. The passage is called since the 19th century \\\"the most difficult passage of \\\"Don Quixote\\\"\\\".) The scene of the book burning\",\n \"title\": \"Don Quixote\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"101645\",\n \"text\": \"intervene violently in matters irrelevant to himself, and his habit of not paying debts, result in privations, injuries, and humiliations (with Sancho often the victim). Finally, Don Quixote is persuaded to return to his home village. The narrator hints that there was a third quest, but says that records of it have been lost. Alonso Quixano, the protagonist of the novel (though he is not given this name until much later in the book), is a Hidalgo (member of the lesser Spanish nobility), nearing 50 years of age, living in an unnamed section of La Mancha with his niece and\",\n \"title\": \"Don Quixote\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2937130\",\n \"text\": \"Sancho Panza Sancho Panza () is a fictional character in the novel \\\"Don Quixote\\\" written by Spanish author Don Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra in 1605. Sancho acts as squire to Don Quixote and provides comments throughout the novel, known as \\\"sanchismos\\\", that are a combination of broad humour, ironic Spanish proverbs, and earthy wit. \\\"Panza\\\" in Spanish means \\\"belly\\\" (cf. English \\\"paunch,\\\" Italian \\\"pancia\\\", several Italian dialects \\\"panza\\\", Portuguese \\\"pança\\\", French \\\"panse\\\"). Before a fit of madness turned Alonso Quijano into Don Quixote, Sancho Panza was indeed his servant. When the novel begins, Sancho has been married for a long\",\n \"title\": \"Sancho Panza\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1508627\",\n \"text\": \"sympathetic criminal known as \\\"the Governor\\\" suggests setting up a mock trial instead. Only if Cervantes is found guilty will he have to hand over his possessions. A cynical prisoner, known as \\\"the Duke,\\\" charges Cervantes with being an idealist and a bad poet. Cervantes pleads guilty, but then asks if he may offer a defense, in the form of a play, acted out by him and all the prisoners. The \\\"Governor\\\" agrees. Cervantes takes out a makeup kit and costume from his trunk, and transforms himself into Alonso Quijano, an old gentleman who has read so many books of\",\n \"title\": \"Man of La Mancha\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"101670\",\n \"text\": \"forced to deceive him at certain points. The novel is considered a satire of orthodoxy, veracity and even nationalism. In exploring the individualism of his characters, Cervantes helped move beyond the narrow literary conventions of the chivalric romance literature that he spoofed, which consists of straightforward retelling of a series of acts that redound to the knightly virtues of the hero. The character of Don Quixote became so well known in its time that the word \\\"quixotic\\\" was quickly adopted by many languages. Characters such as Sancho Panza and Don Quixote's steed, Rocinante, are emblems of Western literary culture. The\",\n \"title\": \"Don Quixote\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14363469\",\n \"text\": \"Don Quixote (Picasso) Don Quixote is a 1955 sketch by Pablo Picasso of the Spanish literary hero and his sidekick, Sancho Panza. It was featured on the August 18–24 issue of the French weekly journal \\\"Les Lettres Françaises\\\" in celebration of the 350th anniversary of the first part of Cervantes’s \\\"Don Quixote\\\". Made on August 10, 1955, the drawing \\\"Don Quixote\\\" was in a very different style than Picasso’s earlier Blue, Rose, and Cubist periods. The drawing is of Don Quixote de la Mancha, his horse Rocinante, his squire Sancho Panza and his donkey Dapple, the sun, and several windmills.\",\n \"title\": \"Don Quixote (Picasso)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2502621\",\n \"text\": \"great predecessor \\\"Don Quixote\\\". Don Quixote's connection with Mr Pickwick, as Dostoyevsky saw, is basic. With Don Quixote, of course, goes Sancho Panza, who with the reinforcement of the faithful, shrewd, worldly servants of the young heroes Tom Jones, Peregrine Pickle, Roderick Random and the rest, goes to make up Sam Weller.\\\" The popularity of \\\"The Pickwick Papers\\\" spawned many imitations and sequels in print as well as actual Clubs and Societies inspired by the club in the novel. One example is the still in operation Pickwick Bicycle Club in London, which was established in 1870, the same year as\",\n \"title\": \"The Pickwick Papers\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14363478\",\n \"text\": \"of \\\"Don Quixote\\\". It is widely recognized as one of the most prominent depictions of the legendary figure who is a popular figure in art. Don Quixote (Picasso) Don Quixote is a 1955 sketch by Pablo Picasso of the Spanish literary hero and his sidekick, Sancho Panza. It was featured on the August 18–24 issue of the French weekly journal \\\"Les Lettres Françaises\\\" in celebration of the 350th anniversary of the first part of Cervantes’s \\\"Don Quixote\\\". Made on August 10, 1955, the drawing \\\"Don Quixote\\\" was in a very different style than Picasso’s earlier Blue, Rose, and Cubist periods.\",\n \"title\": \"Don Quixote (Picasso)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11685947\",\n \"text\": \"in respect for the dead \\\"knight\\\". In a bit of trick photography, the pages of the original 1605 edition of Cervantes's novel arise from the flames rather than being consumed by them - a sign that Don Quixote has achieved immortality. Dulcinea, who appears in the film, is depicted as a not-too-bright milkmaid, and cruelly, she is among those who laugh the hardest when Don Quixote is brought back in a cage. Don Quixote's name \\\"is\\\" Don Quixote in this version. He is never referred to as Alonso Quixano. The film makes several striking early uses of trick photography. Immediately\",\n \"title\": \"Don Quixote (1933 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15562108\",\n \"text\": \"Quijote\\\", which represents the Honourable Knight when he was still Alonso Quijano. He is humanized as an inhabitant of the Village, who would later become an idealist knight who wants to fight against the injustices of the world. The sculpture shows us Alonso Quijano while he is reading one of his countless books of chivalry orders leaning on one hand and looking up, imaging his next adventures. The figure of \\\"Sancho Panza\\\" seems to be a native of the Village, as well. \\\"Sancho\\\" is carrying some wine and cheese, which are typical products from this area. The \\\"Aldonza Lorenzo\\\" sculpture-\",\n \"title\": \"Cayetano Hilario Abellan\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5510839\",\n \"text\": \"a literal adaptation, Gilliam's film was about \\\"an old, retired, and slightly kooky nobleman named Alonso Quixano [who] reads too many chivalric romances. Taking leave of his senses, he sets out to fix the world and revive chivalry, clad in makeshift armor and accompanied by a donkey-owning farmer named Sancho Panza, who serves as his squire\\\". Gilliam signed a deal with Phoenix Pictures as the studio to make the film in 1990 under the name \\\"Don Quixote\\\". Sean Connery was in talks to star as Quixote, but Gilliam disliked the idea because \\\"Quixote is air and Sean is earth\\\". Nigel\",\n \"title\": \"The Man Who Killed Don Quixote\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1924874\",\n \"text\": \"which propagated longstanding antisemitic views of the time, for a short poem which Pierre-Jean de Béranger had derived from a novel of Eugène Sue of 1845. In the 1860s he illustrated a French edition of Cervantes's \\\"Don Quixote\\\", and his depictions of the knight and his squire, Sancho Panza, have become so famous that they have influenced subsequent readers, artists, and stage and film directors' ideas of the physical \\\"look\\\" of the two characters. Doré also illustrated an oversized edition of Edgar Allan Poe's \\\"The Raven\\\", an endeavor that earned him 30,000 francs from publisher Harper & Brothers in 1883.\",\n \"title\": \"Gustave Doré\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4408585\",\n \"text\": \"namesake, Don Quixote, and features a heroic young knight named Don on a quest to save his love, the fair princess Isabella, who has been kidnapped by a wicked witch for human sacrifice to a demon. Don is accompanied on his travels by a donkey (based on Rocinante, the original Don Quixote's horse), and a fat little man named Sancho (based on Don Quixote's trusty sidekick Sancho Panza). The closest parallel to the original tale is a scene in which Don fights a giant at a windmill. However, the rest of the game pits him against a mummy, a dragon,\",\n \"title\": \"Super Don Quix-ote\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12557656\",\n \"text\": \"By\\\". Rather than offer a literal adaptation of the Miguel de Cervantes novel, Welles opted to bring the characters of Don Quixote and Sancho Panza into the modern age as living anachronisms. Welles explained his idea in an interview, stating: \\\"My Don Quixote and Sancho Panza are exactly and traditionally drawn from Cervantes, but are nonetheless contemporary.\\\" Welles later elaborated to Peter Bogdanovich: \\\"What interests me is the \\\"idea\\\" of these dated old virtues. And why they still seem to speak to us when, by all logic, they're so hopelessly irrelevant. That's why I've been obsessed for so long with\",\n \"title\": \"Don Quixote (unfinished film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14602350\",\n \"text\": \"to his physique, Cervantes describes Alonso Quijano: \\\"a brave and noble soul, about the fifty years of age. He was of lean build, wiry with a wrinkled, suntanned face.\\\" (first part, chapter I). In chapter XIV of Part II (1615), a knight-errant, Bachelor Sansón Carrasco, describes him as \\\"a tall man, dry of face, pulled and wrinkled limbs, ageing, with the nose something between the beak of an eagle and a hamstring, underlined by a large, black, droopy mustache.\\\" Alonso Quijano Alonso Quijano (spelled \\\"Quixano\\\" in English and Early Modern Spanish) is the personal name of the famous fictional hidalgo\",\n \"title\": \"Alonso Quijano\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"101650\",\n \"text\": \"on books Cervantes himself liked and disliked. For example, Cervantes' own pastoral novel \\\"La Galatea\\\" is saved, while the rather unbelievable romance \\\"Felixmarte de Hyrcania\\\" is burned. After the books are dealt with, they seal up the room which contained the library, later telling Don Quixote that it was the action of a wizard (\\\"encantador\\\"). After a short period of feigning health, Don Quixote requests his neighbour, Sancho Panza, to be his squire, promising him a petty governorship (\\\"ínsula\\\"). Sancho is a poor and simple farmer but more practical than the head-in-the-clouds Don Quixote and agrees to the offer, sneaking\",\n \"title\": \"Don Quixote\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"260011\",\n \"text\": \"qualities, Sancho Panza, a man of low self-esteem, who is a compound of grossness and simplicity. \\\"Don Quixote\\\" is cited as the first classic model of the modern romance or novel, and it has served as the prototype of the comic novel. The humorous situations are mostly burlesque, and it includes satire. \\\"Don Quixote\\\" is one of the \\\"Encyclopædia Britannica\\\"'s Great Books of the Western World, while the Russian author Fyodor Dostoyevsky called it \\\"the ultimate and most sublime work of human thinking\\\". It is in \\\"Don Quixote\\\" that Cervantes coined the popular phrase \\\"the proof of the pudding is\",\n \"title\": \"Miguel de Cervantes\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5757668\",\n \"text\": \"Zorro (novel) Zorro is a 2005 novel by Chilean author Isabel Allende. Its subject is the pulp hero Diego de la Vega, better known as El Zorro (The Fox), who was featured in an early 20th-century novel. The novel takes the form of a biography and was the first origin story for this legendary character. In terms of material, it is a prequel to Johnston McCulley's 1919 novella \\\"The Curse of Capistrano,\\\" which first featured the character of Zorro. The story incorporates details from a variety of works that have featured the pulp hero, including the 1998 film \\\"The Mask\",\n \"title\": \"Zorro (novel)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"125399\",\n \"text\": \"The Spanish philosopher Miguel de Unamuno y Jugo, in his 1913 book \\\"The Tragic Sense of Life in Men and Nations\\\", emphasized the life of \\\"flesh and bone\\\" as opposed to that of abstract rationalism. Unamuno rejected systematic philosophy in favor of the individual's quest for faith. He retained a sense of the tragic, even absurd nature of the quest, symbolized by his enduring interest in Cervantes' fictional character Don Quixote. A novelist, poet and dramatist as well as philosophy professor at the University of Salamanca, Unamuno wrote a short story about a priest's crisis of faith, \\\"Saint Manuel the\",\n \"title\": \"Existentialism\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4880232\",\n \"text\": \"Alonso Fernández de Avellaneda Alonso Fernández de Avellaneda is the pseudonym of a man who wrote a sequel to Cervantes' \\\"Don Quixote\\\". The identity of Fernández de Avellaneda has been the subject of many theories, but there is no consensus on who he was. One theory holds that Avellaneda’s work was a collaboration by friends of Lope de Vega. Another theory is that it was by Gerónimo de Passamonte, the real-life inspiration for the character Ginés de Pasamonte of Part I. Critical opinion has generally held Avellaneda's work in low regard, and Cervantes himself is highly critical of it in\",\n \"title\": \"Alonso Fernández de Avellaneda\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2420112\",\n \"text\": \"does Gutman, (named after Sydney Greenstreet's character from \\\"The Maltese Falcon\\\", but bearing more resemblance to Signor Ferrari, Greenstreet's character in \\\"Casablanca\\\") manager of the hotel Siete Mares, whose terrace occupies part of the stage. Williams also employs a large cast of characters including many famous literary characters who appear in dream sequences. They include Don Quixote and his partner Sancho, Marguerite \\\"Camille\\\" Gautier (see \\\"The Lady of the Camellias\\\"), Casanova, Lord Byron, and Esmeralda (see \\\"The Hunchback of Notre Dame\\\"), among others. Taking place in the main plaza, the play goes through a series of confusing and almost logic-defying\",\n \"title\": \"Camino Real (play)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"101669\",\n \"text\": \"united by common themes of the nature of reality, reading, and dialogue in general. Although burlesque on the surface, the novel, especially in its second half, has served as an important thematic source not only in literature but also in much of art and music, inspiring works by Pablo Picasso and Richard Strauss. The contrasts between the tall, thin, fancy-struck and idealistic Quixote and the fat, squat, world-weary Panza is a motif echoed ever since the book's publication, and Don Quixote's imaginings are the butt of outrageous and cruel practical jokes in the novel. Even faithful and simple Sancho is\",\n \"title\": \"Don Quixote\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11220847\",\n \"text\": \"Mister Geppetto Mister Geppetto ( ; ), also \\\"Mastro Geppetto\\\", is a fictional character in the novel \\\"The Adventures of Pinocchio\\\" by Carlo Collodi. Geppetto is an elderly, impoverished woodcarver and the creator (and thus 'father') of Pinocchio. He wears a yellow wig resembling cornmeal mush (called \\\"polendina\\\"), and consequently his neighbors call him \\\"Polendina\\\" to annoy him. The name \\\"Geppetto\\\" is a diminutive form of \\\"Giuseppe\\\" (\\\"Joseph\\\"). Geppetto is introduced when carpenter Mister Antonio finds a talking block of pinewood that he was about to carve into a leg for his table. When Geppetto drops by looking for a\",\n \"title\": \"Mister Geppetto\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"101653\",\n \"text\": \"and Sancho to the funeral of Grisóstomo, a former student who left his studies to become a shepherd after reading pastoral novels (paralleling Don Quixote's decision to become a knight), seeking the shepherdess Marcela. At the funeral Marcela appears, vindicating herself from the bitter verses written about her by Grisóstomo, and claiming her own autonomy and freedom from expectations put on her by pastoral clichés. She disappears into the woods, and Don Quixote and Sancho follow. Ultimately giving up, the two dismount by a pond to rest. Some Galicians arrive to water their ponies, and Rocinante (Don Quixote's horse) attempts\",\n \"title\": \"Don Quixote\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1508628\",\n \"text\": \"chivalry and thought so much about injustice that he has lost his mind and set out as a knight-errant. Quijano renames himself Don Quixote de La Mancha, and goes off to find adventures with his \\\"squire\\\", Sancho Panza. (\\\"Man of La Mancha (I, Don Quixote)\\\") Don Quixote warns Sancho that they are always in danger of being attacked by Quixote's mortal enemy, an evil magician known as the Enchanter. Suddenly he spots a windmill, mistakes it for a four-armed giant, attacks it, and receives a beating from the encounter. Quijote decides that he lost the battle because he was never\",\n \"title\": \"Man of La Mancha\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9940683\",\n \"text\": \"is John Galt?\\\" that plays an important role in \\\"Atlas Shrugged\\\". Rand is not the only famous author to invent a character with this name. Pulp fiction author Robert E. Howard, creator of heroes such as Conan the Barbarian, used a villain named John Galt—also a man of mystery missing for a long time and possessed of great wealth, trying to manipulate his world from the background—in the tale \\\"Black Talons\\\" in 1933, more than twenty years before \\\"Atlas Shrugged\\\" was published. The Galt character has been compared to various iconic figures from literature and history. In the novel itself,\",\n \"title\": \"John Galt\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6795234\",\n \"text\": \"creator, Miguel de Cervantes. In the novel Cervantes has Don Quixote satirically present himself as an \\\"hidalgo de sangre\\\" and aspire to live the life of a knight-errant despite the fact that his economic position does not allow him to truly do so. Don Quixote's possessions allowed to him a meager life devoted to his reading obsession, yet his concept of honour led him to emulate the knights-errant. The picaresque novel \\\"Lazarillo\\\" features an hidalgo so poor that he spreads breadcrumbs on his clothes, to simulate having eaten a meal. His \\\"hidalgo\\\" honour forbids him from manual work but does\",\n \"title\": \"Hidalgo (nobility)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"259982\",\n \"text\": \"Miguel de Cervantes Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra (; ; ; 29 September 1547 (assumed)22 April 1616 NS) was a Spanish writer who is widely regarded as the greatest writer in the Spanish language and one of the world's pre-eminent novelists. His novel \\\"Don Quixote\\\" has been translated into over 140 languages and dialects; it is, after the Bible, the most-translated book in the world. \\\"Don Quixote\\\", a classic of Western literature, is sometimes considered both the first modern novel and the best work of fiction ever written. Cervantes' influence on the Spanish language has been so great that the language\",\n \"title\": \"Miguel de Cervantes\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12303259\",\n \"text\": \"organizer of the First International Symposium on Cultural Property and Patrimony (Columbia University, 1999) and of a panel discussion entitled \\\"The Art of the Enemy\\\" (School of Visual Arts in New York City, 2002). Feliciano is currently teaching an honors seminar on religious art at New York University. The character known as Hector Hurtado seen in the French thriller \\\"L'Antiquaire\\\" is said to have been loosely based upon Hector Felciano. Héctor Feliciano Hector Feliciano (born 1952) is a Puerto Rican journalist and author whose book \\\"\\\"The Lost Museum: The Nazi Conspiracy to Steal the World's Greatest Works of Art\\\"\\\" has\",\n \"title\": \"Héctor Feliciano\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"260000\",\n \"text\": \"Part, as some have maintained) occurred to him while in jail. Cervantes' idea was to give a picture of real life and manners, and to express himself in clear language. The intrusion of everyday speech into a literary context was acclaimed by the reading public. The author stayed poor until January 1605, when the first part of \\\"Don Quixote\\\" appeared. The popularity of \\\"Don Quixote\\\" led to the publication of an unauthorized continuation of it by an unknown writer, who masqueraded under the name of Alonso Fernández de Avellaneda. Cervantes produced his own continuation, or Second Part, of \\\"Don Quixote\\\",\",\n \"title\": \"Miguel de Cervantes\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3799205\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"rogue\\\" or \\\"rascal\\\". In these novels, the adventures of the \\\"pícaro\\\" expose injustice while simultaneously amusing the reader. Published by Miguel de Cervantes in two volumes a decade apart, Don Quixote is the most influential work of literature to emerge from the Spanish Golden Age and perhaps the entire Spanish literary canon. As a founding work of modern Western literature, it regularly appears at or near the top of lists of the greatest works of fiction ever published. Spain's greatest painters during the Spanish Golden Age period included El Greco, Bartolomé Esteban Murillo, Diego Velázquez, and Francisco Goya, who became\",\n \"title\": \"Culture of Spain\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"471821\",\n \"text\": \"Natasha Randall, Orwell believed that Huxley was lying. The scientific futurism in \\\"Brave New World\\\" is believed to be cribbed from \\\"Daedalus\\\" by J. B. S. Haldane. The events of the Depression in Britain in 1931, with its mass unemployment and the abandonment of the gold currency standard, persuaded Huxley to assert that stability was the \\\"primal and ultimate need\\\" if civilisation was to survive the present crisis. The \\\"Brave New World\\\" character Mustapha Mond, Resident World Controller of Western Europe, is named after Sir Alfred Mond. Shortly before writing the novel, Huxley visited Mond's technologically advanced plant near Billingham,\",\n \"title\": \"Brave New World\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4706361\",\n \"text\": \"Frank. It is probable, but not clear, that Pancho or Cisco were originally named after the famous Mexican revolutionary general whose nom de guerre was Francisco \\\"Pancho\\\" Villa. The Cisco Kid The Cisco Kid is a fictional character found in numerous film, radio, television and comic book series based on the fictional Western character created by O. Henry in his 1907 short story \\\"The Caballero's Way\\\", published in the collection \\\"Heart of the West\\\", as well as in \\\"Everybody's Magazine\\\", v17, July 1907. In films, radio and television, the Kid was depicted as a heroic Mexican caballero, even though he\",\n \"title\": \"The Cisco Kid\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5861460\",\n \"text\": \"Baroness Ungern: Books by Boris Balkan: Books by Enrique Taillefer: Books by an unnamed Nobel-prize-winning author: Book by Don Jaime Astarloa, (hero of Perez-Reverte's novel The Fencing Master): Aristide Torchia, a fictional historical author from the novel, has been referred to in other media including \\\"The Ninth Gate\\\" ( a film based on the novel), and video game \\\"Max Payne\\\". The fictional character Torchia was described as follows. He was born in 1620. He was apprenticed in Leyden under the Elzevir family. After returning to Venice he published small works on philosophical and esoteric themes. In 1666, Torchia published \\\"De\",\n \"title\": \"The Club Dumas\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3611677\",\n \"text\": \"era antes y primero de todos los rocines del mundo\\\"—\\\"a name, to his thinking, lofty, sonorous, and significant of his condition as a hack before he became what he now was, the first and foremost of all the hacks in the world\\\". In chapter 1, Cervantes describes Don Quixote's careful naming of his steed: Four days were spent in thinking what name to give him, because (as he said to himself) it was not right that a horse belonging to a knight so famous, and one with such merits of his own, should be without some distinctive name, and he\",\n \"title\": \"Rocinante\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1606913\",\n \"text\": \"Quixote\\\" (an early novel, perhaps better classified as a satirical romance), for example, Cervantes disapproved of Alonso Fernández de Avellaneda's use of his characters in \\\"Second Volume of the Ingenious Gentleman Don Quixote of La Mancha\\\", an unauthorized sequel. In response, Cervantes very firmly kills the protagonist at the end of the Second Part to discourage any more such creative liberties. Another example is Samuel Richardson, an 18th-century author who responded particularly strongly against the appropriation of his material by unauthorized third parties. Richardson was extremely vocal in his disapproval of the way the protagonist of his novel \\\"Pamela\\\" was\",\n \"title\": \"Sequel\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15551556\",\n \"text\": \"in great poverty in a village of La Mancha, gave himself up so entirely to reading the romances of chivalry, of which he had a large collection, that in the end they turned his brain, and nothing would satisfy him but that he must ride abroad on his old horse, armed with spear and helmet, a knight-errant, to encounter all adventures, and to redress the innumerable wrongs of the world. He induced a neighbour of his, a poor and ignorant peasant called Sancho Panza, mounted on a very good ass, to accompany him as squire. The knight saw the world\",\n \"title\": \"Spanish chivalry\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3178843\",\n \"text\": \"any shield-carrying duties. The typical jobs of a squire included: The young King Arthur served as Sir Kay's squire in the traditional tale of the sword in the stone that appears in literary works, including \\\"Le Morte d'Arthur\\\" and \\\"The Once and Future King\\\". One of the pilgrim-storytellers in \\\"The Canterbury Tales\\\" is a squire whose father recounts the tale. In Cervantes's \\\"Don Quixote\\\", the babbling Sancho Panza serves as squire of the deluded Don. In the children's book \\\"The Castle in the Attic\\\", the protagonist William serves as the squire of Sir Simon, a knight from the Middle Ages\",\n \"title\": \"Squire\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7859043\",\n \"text\": \"the base of the monument, and under the feet of the writer, are the statues of Don Quixote and Sancho Panza. The set was finalized when the figures of Dulcinea and Aldonza Lorenzo were added, also characters of the Cervantes novel. Alluding to the universality of Don Quixote, the monument also contemplates the five continents, all of them reading the work of Cervantes. On the other side and above the fountains, is represented the Spanish Literature, dressed in period and holding a book with his right hand. The tree that predominates in the landscaping of the square is the olive\",\n \"title\": \"Plaza de España, Madrid\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2851953\",\n \"text\": \"the original story line. The passage containing Tintin's drunkenness has been ignored entirely, keeping the character consistent with how it is seen in the rest of series - upright, conscientious and of commendable moral standards. Besides, the political narratives, almost ubiquitously present in the latter part of the original album, have also been largely overlooked. Tintin's conflict with the military was also replaced with one with Alonso Pérez and Ramón Bada. The Broken Ear The Broken Ear (, originally published in English as Tintin and the Broken Ear) is the sixth volume of \\\"The Adventures of Tintin\\\", the comics series\",\n \"title\": \"The Broken Ear\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8926294\",\n \"text\": \"choreography for the film (including the fight scenes). Gino Conforti, as the barber, is the only member of the original Broadway musical cast to repeat his role for the film. Cervantes and his manservant have been imprisoned by the Spanish Inquisition, and a manuscript by Cervantes is seized by his fellow inmates, who subject him to a mock trial in order to determine whether the manuscript should be returned. Cervantes' defense is in the form of a play, in which Cervantes takes the role of Alonso Quijano, an old gentleman who has lost his mind and now believes that he\",\n \"title\": \"Man of La Mancha (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3652841\",\n \"text\": \"launched a process for giving proper names to certain exoplanets and their host stars. The process involved public nomination and voting for the new names. In December 2015, the IAU announced the winning names were Cervantes for this star and Quijote, Dulcinea, Rocinante and Sancho, for its planets (b, c, d, and e, respectively; the IAU used the Pepe \\\"et al\\\" system). The winning names were those submitted by the Planetario de Pamplona, Spain. Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra (1547-1616) was a famous Spanish writer and author of \\\"El Ingenioso Hidalgo Don Quixote de la Mancha\\\". The planets are named after\",\n \"title\": \"Mu Arae\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3179406\",\n \"text\": \"romances. In the tale, a giant knight named \\\"Sir Oliphaunt\\\" is made to swear an oath by Termagant. In Occitan literature the name Muhammed was corrupted as \\\"Bafomet\\\", forming the basis for the legendary Baphomet, at different times an idol, a \\\"sabbatic goat\\\", and key link in conspiracy theories. The troubadour Austorc d'Aorlhac refers to Bafomet and Termagant (\\\"Tervagan\\\") side-by-side in one \\\"sirventes\\\", referring also to the latter's \\\"companions\\\". It has been claimed that Termagant became a stock character in a number of medieval mystery plays but another source denies this completely. On the stage, Termagant was usually depicted as\",\n \"title\": \"Termagant\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2269659\",\n \"text\": \"de Cervantes too vast, Gilliam and his co-writer decided to create their own version of the Quixote story. They made a major change inspired by Mark Twain's novel \\\"A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court\\\". They planned to have the character of Sancho Panza appear only early in the film. He was to be replaced by character Toby Grisoni, a 21st-century marketing executive thrown back through time, whom Don Quixote mistakes for Panza. Gilliam was excited about the movie, as he felt that the story of Don Quixote embodies many of his own themes (such as the individual versus society,\",\n \"title\": \"Lost in La Mancha\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"260034\",\n \"text\": \"he knew people within El Greco's circle of friends. The 1859 portrait by Luis de Madrazo, which the painter himself stated is based on his own imagination, is currently at the Biblioteca Nacional de España. The Spanish euro coins of €0.10, €0.20, and €0.50 bear an image of a bust of Cervantes. Miguel de Cervantes Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra (; ; ; 29 September 1547 (assumed)22 April 1616 NS) was a Spanish writer who is widely regarded as the greatest writer in the Spanish language and one of the world's pre-eminent novelists. His novel \\\"Don Quixote\\\" has been translated into\",\n \"title\": \"Miguel de Cervantes\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8510561\",\n \"text\": \"called The Duke. Miguel de Cervantes and his manservant have been thrown into a dungeon by the Spanish Inquisition for an offense against the Church. In the dungeon, a mock trial is staged, with its intention being that the prisoners rob Cervantes of all of his possessions, including a precious manuscript that he refuses to give up. It is, of course, the yet-to-be-published manuscript of \\\"Don Quixote de la Mancha\\\", Cervantes's masterpiece. In defending himself, Cervantes begins to narrate his story of Don Quixote, with Cervantes as the Don Quixote, the role of Sancho enacted by Cervantes' own manservant, and\",\n \"title\": \"I, Don Quixote\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1426073\",\n \"text\": \"cannibal, and one of them understands those cannibalistic instincts all too well.\\\" Hannibal Lecter is parodied in the 2005 musical, \\\"SILENCE! The Musical\\\", with the character being originated by actor Brent Barrett. Thomas Harris has given few interviews and did not explain where he got inspiration for Hannibal Lecter until mid-2013. Harris revealed that the character was inspired by a real-life doctor and murderer he met while visiting a prison in the city of Monterrey during a trip to Mexico in the 1960s when he was a 23-year-old reporter. The doctor was serving a life sentence for murdering a young\",\n \"title\": \"Hannibal Lecter\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"101639\",\n \"text\": \"Don Quixote The Ingenious Nobleman Sir Quixote of La Mancha (Modern Spanish: ', ), or just ' (, , ; ), is a Spanish novel by Miguel de Cervantes. Published in two parts, in 1605 and 1615, \\\"Don Quixote\\\" is the most influential work of literature from the Spanish Golden Age and the entire Spanish literary canon. As a founding work of modern Western literature and the earliest canonical novel, it regularly appears high on lists of the greatest works of fiction ever published, such as the Bokklubben World Library collection that cites \\\"Don Quixote\\\" as the authors' choice for\",\n \"title\": \"Don Quixote\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"492116\",\n \"text\": \"in doing research, but it is also a trademark of Wilson's writing. The novel \\\"Telemachus Sneezed\\\" by the character Atlanta Hope with its catchphrase \\\"What is John Guilt?\\\" is a spoof of Ayn Rand's \\\"Atlas Shrugged\\\", the origin of the character John Galt. Ayn Rand is mentioned by name a few times in \\\"Illuminatus!\\\", and her novel is alluded to by Hagbard who says, \\\"If Atlas can Shrug and Telemachus can Sneeze, why can't Satan Repent?\\\" Rand is also disparaged in one of the appendices concerning property, ostensibly written by Hagbard, which serves as an explanation of anarchist Pierre-Joseph Proudhon's\",\n \"title\": \"The Illuminatus! Trilogy\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16664320\",\n \"text\": \"in April 2014. A second Campion \\\"continuation\\\" novel followed in 2015 and a third in 2016. His non-fiction reader's history \\\"Kiss Kiss, Bang Bang\\\", a survey of the boom in British thrillers 1953-1975 was published in May 2017 and won the H.R.F.Keating Award for non-fiction at \\\"Crimefest\\\" 2018. Mike Ripley's most recent project has been the completion of a novel featuring Albert Campion, the detective character created by one of his heroes, the crime writer Margery Allingham. Following Margery's death in 1966, her husband Philip Youngman Carter completed her novel \\\"Cargo of Eagles\\\" (published 1968), and two further Campion books:\",\n \"title\": \"Mike Ripley\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11368705\",\n \"text\": \"Pinocchio Pinocchio (; ) is a fictional character and the protagonist of the children's novel \\\"The Adventures of Pinocchio\\\" (1883) by Italian writer Carlo Collodi. Carved by a woodcarver named Geppetto in a village near Lucca, he was created as a wooden puppet but dreams of becoming a real boy. He is notably characterized for his frequent tendency to lie, which causes his nose to grow. Pinocchio is a cultural icon. As one of the most reimagined characters in children's literature, his story has been adapted into other media, notably the 1940 Disney film \\\"Pinocchio\\\". Pinocchio's characterization varies across interpretations,\",\n \"title\": \"Pinocchio\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19163850\",\n \"text\": \"Lamme Goedzak Lamme Goedzak is a character in Charles De Coster's novel \\\"The Legend of Thyl Ulenspiegel and Lamme Goedzak\\\" (1867). He is the best friend of Thyl Ulenspiegel. While Ulenspiegel himself is derived from Dutch-German-Flemish folklore Lamme Goedzak is entirely created by De Coster. Despite this he has become one of the most recognizable Flemish folklore characters since. Camille Huysmans, in his commentary on De Coster, considered Lamme Goedzak to be modeled on Cervantes' Sancho Panza, Don Quixote's loyal companion. Lamme Goedzak's name literally translates as \\\"lazy kind soul\\\", which already hints at his personality. Lamme is a jolly,\",\n \"title\": \"Lamme Goedzak\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8421978\",\n \"text\": \"Molinux Molinux was an operating system based on Ubuntu sponsored by the autonomous community of Castilla-La Mancha and the Fundación Ínsula Barataria. The name \\\"Molinux\\\" derives from the Spanish word \\\"molino\\\", meaning \\\"mill\\\" or \\\"windmill\\\". Each version of Molinux is named after a character from the classic Spanish novel \\\"Don Quixote\\\", by Miguel de Cervantes. Molinux was an initiative begun in 2005 by the government of Castilla-La Mancha to introduce the Castile-La Mancha community to the forefront of the Information Society. The Molinux project is intended to attack the digital divide by reducing the cost of software and offering an\",\n \"title\": \"Molinux\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8283628\",\n \"text\": \"well be the price of our failure\\\" again add to East Asian stereotypes of exclusion. Fu Manchu's inventively sardonic methods of murder and white protagonist Denis Nayland Smith's grudging respect for his intellect reinforce stereotypes of East Asian intelligence, exoticism/mysticism, and extreme cruelty. Charlie Chan, a fictional character created by author Earl Derr Biggers loosely based on Chang Apana (1871–1933), a real-life Chinese-Hawaiian police officer, has been the subject of 10 novels (spanning from 1925 to as late as 1981), over 40 American films, a comic strip, a board game, a card game, and a 1970s animated television series. In\",\n \"title\": \"Stereotypes of East Asians in the United States\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2068862\",\n \"text\": \"Based on the children's book series \\\"Basil of Baker Street\\\" by Eve Titus, it draws heavily on the tradition of Sherlock Holmes with a heroic mouse who consciously emulates the detective; Titus named the main character after actor Basil Rathbone, who is best remembered for playing Holmes in film (and whose voice, sampled from a 1966 reading of \\\"The Red-Headed League\\\" was the voice of Holmes in this film, 19 years after his death). Sherlock Holmes also mentions \\\"Basil\\\" as one of his aliases in the Arthur Conan Doyle story \\\"The Adventure of Black Peter\\\". \\\"The Great Mouse Detective\\\" was\",\n \"title\": \"The Great Mouse Detective\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8646623\",\n \"text\": \"new names. In December 2015, the IAU announced the winning name was Quijote for this planet. The winning name was submitted by the Planetario de Pamplona, Spain. Quijote was the lead character of the novel \\\"El Ingenioso Hidalgo Don Quixote de la Mancha\\\". Although the character's name is more commonly spelled Quixote, Quijote is the original Spanish spelling. Mu Arae b Mu Arae b, often designated HD 160691 b, later named Quijote, is an extrasolar planet orbiting the star Mu Arae of the constellation Ara. The planet is at least one and a half times the mass of Jupiter, and\",\n \"title\": \"Mu Arae b\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8698699\",\n \"text\": \"Miracle of Marcelino Miracle of Marcelino (, \\\"Marcelino, bread and wine\\\") is a 1955 Spanish film. It was a success, and other countries have produced versions of it. The 1955 film was written by José Maria Sanchez-Silva, who based it on his novel, and directed by Ladislao Vajda. Its stars were Rafael Rivelles, Juan Calvo (who also starred together as Don Quixote and Sancho Panza in the 1947 Spanish film version of Cervantes's \\\"Don Quixote\\\" and the young child star Pablito Calvo (no relation to Juan) as Marcelino. The musical score and theme song - sung in full during the\",\n \"title\": \"Miracle of Marcelino\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7336442\",\n \"text\": \"The Adventures of Don Coyote and Sancho Panda The Adventures of Don Coyote and Sancho Panda is an American/Italian animated television series produced by Hanna-Barbera with the Italian public service broadcaster RAI and its first channel Rai 1, loosely based on the main characters in Miguel de Cervantes' 17th century novel, \\\"Don Quixote\\\": Don Quixote himself and Sancho Panza. It was first broadcast in 1989 in Europe, and then in the United States in 1990 as part of the weekend/weekday morning programming block, \\\"The Funtastic World of Hanna-Barbera\\\". Don Coyote (voiced by Frank Welker) is a swordsman who goes around\",\n \"title\": \"The Adventures of Don Coyote and Sancho Panda\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1387977\",\n \"text\": \"virtual world. Noon also credits Joseph Campbell's book \\\"The Hero with a Thousand Faces\\\" for inspiring the narrative structure of \\\"Vurt\\\". The character of Desdemona is based on the character of the same name from William Shakespeare's play \\\"Othello\\\". The Curious Yellow feather is a possible allusion to the 1967 Swedish film \\\"I Am Curious (Yellow)\\\", which uses non-linear narrative structures and postmodern techniques like the novel. It might also be a reference to computer worms (the Vurt is riddled with virtual reality serpents which propagate from game to game, like computer worms replicate themselves by hijacking computer programs). \\\"Vurt\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"Vurt\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1528147\",\n \"text\": \"own works. It is worth noting that Dostoyevsky, who had just returned from exile in Siberia, was present at this speech, for eight years later he was to write \\\"The Idiot\\\", a novel whose tragic hero, Prince Myshkin, resembles Don Quixote in many respects. Turgenev, whose knowledge of Spanish, thanks to his contact with Pauline Viardot and her family, was good enough for him to have considered translating Cervantes's novel into Russian, played an important role in introducing this immortal figure of world literature into the Russian context. \\\"Fathers and Sons\\\" (\\\"Отцы и дети\\\"), Turgenev's most famous and enduring novel,\",\n \"title\": \"Ivan Turgenev\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16189739\",\n \"text\": \"Anselmo Suárez y Romero Anselmo Suárez y Romero (1818 – 1878) was a renowned Cuban writer and novelist, better known for the first novel in Spanish about slavery in the Americas: \\\"Francisco\\\". (In Portuguese, there is a former Brazilian novel about a slave that became a very famous character in Brazilian literature: \\\"Escrava Isaura\\\", \\\"Isaura, the slave\\\". \\\"Francisco\\\" was first published in 1880. \\\"Escrava Isaura\\\" in 1776.) Suárez y Romero was educated in his native city, where he devoted himself to teaching and contributing to public education. Anselmo Suárez y Romero's masterpiece: Francisco, also known as El ingenio o las\",\n \"title\": \"Anselmo Suárez y Romero\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15520180\",\n \"text\": \"Science Fiction filming, with a quality that would only be reached again by \\\"Los cronocrímenes\\\" (2007), by Nacho Vigalondo. The most important Science Fiction TV series produced in Spain is \\\"El ministerio del tiempo\\\" (2015-), even though \\\"Mañana puede ser verdad\\\" (1964-1964) by Chicho Ibáñez Serrador, and \\\"Plutón BRB Nero\\\" (2008-2009), should also be mentioned. Spanish science fiction Science fiction in Spanish-language literature has its roots in authors such as Antonio de Guevara with \\\"The Golden Book of Marcus Aurelius\\\" (1527), Miguel de Cervantes in \\\"Don Quixote\\\", and Francisco de Quevedo with \\\"The Tower of Hercules\\\". In the 20th century,\",\n \"title\": \"Spanish science fiction\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4857886\",\n \"text\": \"Murder at the ABA Murder at the ABA (1976) is a mystery novel by Isaac Asimov, following the adventures of a writer and amateur detective named Darius Just, whom Asimov modeled on his friend Harlan Ellison. While attending a convention of the American Booksellers Association, Just discovers the dead body of a friend and protégé. Convinced that the death was due to murder, but unable to convince the police, Just decides to investigate on his own. The book is an example of metafiction, as Asimov himself appears as a character doing research for a murder mystery set at a booksellers'\",\n \"title\": \"Murder at the ABA\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1508636\",\n \"text\": \"unwilling prisoner to be tried. The Duke taunts Cervantes for his look of fear, and accuses him of not facing reality. This prompts Cervantes to passionately defend his idealism. The Don Quixote play resumes (\\\"Man of La Mancha\\\" – first reprise). Quixote and Sancho have left the inn and encounter a band of Gypsies (\\\"Moorish Dance\\\") who take advantage of Quixote's naiveté and steal everything they own, including Quixote's horse Rocinante and Sancho's donkey Dapple. Quixote and Sancho are forced to return to the inn. Aldonza also shows up at the inn, bruised and ashamed. Quixote swears to avenge her,\",\n \"title\": \"Man of La Mancha\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1861967\",\n \"text\": \"Don Juan Don Juan (Spanish ), also Don Giovanni (Italian), is a legendary, fictional libertine. Famous versions of the story include a 17th-century play, \\\"El burlador de Sevilla y convidado de piedra\\\" (\\\"The Trickster of Seville and the Stone Guest\\\") by Tirso de Molina; and an 18th-century opera, \\\"Don Giovanni\\\", with music by Mozart and a libretto by Lorenzo da Ponte. By linguistic extension from the name of the character, Don Juan has become a generic expression for a womanizer, and stemming from this, Don Juanism is the name of a psychiatric diagnosis. In Spanish, \\\"Don Juan\\\" is pronounced .\",\n \"title\": \"Don Juan\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9193828\",\n \"text\": \"Ricote (Don Quixote) Ricote is a fictional character who is referred to in Miguel de Cervantes' novel \\\"Don Quixote\\\". He was a wealthy (\\\"\\\" meaning \\\"rich\\\" in Spanish) Morisco shopkeeper and old friend of Sancho Panza, who was banned from Spain in 1609 like all Moriscos. The expulsion of the Moriscos was a highly topical issue at the time when \\\"Don Quixote\\\" was written - occurring in between the publication of the first part (1605) and the second one (1615). In 2006 Govert Westerveld asserted that the Morisco Ricote came from the Ricote Valley, which hypothesis was confirmed by the\",\n \"title\": \"Ricote (Don Quixote)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13926721\",\n \"text\": \"in 1807, spent two years in one of the islands of the Galapagos archipelago during which he captured and enslaved other sailors. In the literature, the life of Oberlus was initially described in sufficient detail in \\\"The Encantadas\\\" by the American writer Herman Melville. An essay on the tyrant-hermit Oberlus inspired the Spanish writer Alberto Vázquez-Figueroa to write the novel \\\"La iguana\\\". In the novel, there appears Carmen, whom Oberlus keeps locked up, raping and making her bear his child. Vázquez-Figueroa initially discussed a potential adaptation with Italian film producer Franco di Nunzio, who sent him to Monte Hellman. The\",\n \"title\": \"Iguana (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4727400\",\n \"text\": \"Lothario Lothario is a male given name which came to suggest an unscrupulous seducer of women in \\\"The Impertinent Curious Man\\\", a story within a story in Miguel de Cervantes' 1605 novel \\\"Don Quixote\\\". \\\"Don Quixote, Part One\\\" contains stories that do not directly involve the two main characters, but which are narrated by some of the picaresque figures encountered by Quixote and Sancho during their travels. The longest and best known story is \\\"El Curioso Impertinente\\\" (\\\"The Impertinently Curious Man\\\"), in Part One, Book Four, chapters 33–35, which is read to a group of travellers at an inn, about\",\n \"title\": \"Lothario\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2937132\",\n \"text\": \"the travels with Don Quixote, he keeps contact with his wife by dictating letters addressed to her. Sancho Panza offers interpolated narrative voice throughout the tale, a literary convention invented by Cervantes. Sancho Panza is precursor to \\\"the sidekick,\\\" and is symbolic of practicality over idealism. Sancho is the everyman, who, though not sharing his master's delusional \\\"enchantment\\\" until late in the novel, remains his ever-faithful companion realist, and functions as the clever sidekick. Salvador de Madariaga detected that, as the book progresses, there is a \\\"Quixotization\\\" of Sancho and a \\\"Sanchification\\\" of Don Quixote, so much that, when the\",\n \"title\": \"Sancho Panza\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"101703\",\n \"text\": \"available on the Internet, although some versions eliminate, as they should not, the prefatory material. The best digital text available is http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/996. This translation, even witbout Douglas and Jones' revisions, is preferible to the other public domain translations available online, those of Charles Jervas and Tobias Smollett. Don Quixote The Ingenious Nobleman Sir Quixote of La Mancha (Modern Spanish: ', ), or just ' (, , ; ), is a Spanish novel by Miguel de Cervantes. Published in two parts, in 1605 and 1615, \\\"Don Quixote\\\" is the most influential work of literature from the Spanish Golden Age and the\",\n \"title\": \"Don Quixote\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6507944\",\n \"text\": \"Pepusch who provided the source-structure in \\\"The Beggar's Opera\\\" for Bertolt Brecht's \\\"Threepenny Opera\\\". There is a characteristic series of illustrations by 'Phiz'. Prologue (1599): Auriol Darcy is surprised attempting to remove the heads of two traitors from the Southwark Gateway of Old London Bridge. He is injured by the warder, Baldred, and carried to the house of Dr Lamb, an alchemist and Auriol Darcy's grandfather, who is assisted by his faithful dwarf Flapdragon. Lamb, on the point of discovering the elixir of life, has a seizure and dies as his ungrateful grandson consumes the draught. Book the first 'Ebba'\",\n \"title\": \"Auriol (novel)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"260008\",\n \"text\": \"now be carried out in an attempt to confirm the findings. On 11 June 2015, the remains of Cervantes were given a formal burial at a Madrid convent, containing a monument holding bone fragments that were believed to have been the author's. The city mayor Ana Botella and military attended the event. \\\"Don Quixote\\\" (spelled \\\"Quijote\\\" in modern Spanish) is two separate volumes, now nearly always published as one, that cover the adventures of Don Quixote de la Mancha, a hero who carries his enthusiasm and self-deception to unintentional and comic ends. On one level, \\\"Don Quixote\\\" works as a\",\n \"title\": \"Miguel de Cervantes\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6301510\",\n \"text\": \"The Eternal Quest The Eternal Quest (U.S. title \\\"Tilting at Windmills\\\"; subtitle \\\"A Novel of Cervantes and the Errant Knight\\\") is a novel published in 2003. It is the first novel by the writer Julian Branston and concerns the writing of the novel \\\"Don Quixote\\\". The U.S. title refers to a famous episode on Don Quixote where the title character comes upon a windmill and mistakes it for a giant. \\\"The Eternal Quest\\\" covers a short period of time in Spain in the early 17th century during the reign of King Philip III. The events in the novel circle around\",\n \"title\": \"The Eternal Quest\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2937133\",\n \"text\": \"knight recovers sanity on his deathbed, it is Sancho who tries to convince him to become pastoral shepherds. In the novel, Don Quixote comments on the historical state and condition of Aragón and Castilla, which are vying for power in Europe. Sancho Panza represents, among other things, the quintessentially Spanish brand of skepticism of the period. Sancho obediently follows his master, despite being sometimes puzzled by Quixote's actions. Riding a donkey, he helps Quixote get out of various conflicts while looking forward to rewards of \\\"aventura\\\" that Quixote tells him of. Cervantes variously names Sancho in the first book Sancho\",\n \"title\": \"Sancho Panza\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1861981\",\n \"text\": \"Juan. In another Broadway musical, Gaston Leroux's \\\"The Phantom of the Opera\\\", the character of the Phantom writes an opera based on the legend of Don Juan called \\\"Don Juan Triumphant\\\". Don Juan Don Juan (Spanish ), also Don Giovanni (Italian), is a legendary, fictional libertine. Famous versions of the story include a 17th-century play, \\\"El burlador de Sevilla y convidado de piedra\\\" (\\\"The Trickster of Seville and the Stone Guest\\\") by Tirso de Molina; and an 18th-century opera, \\\"Don Giovanni\\\", with music by Mozart and a libretto by Lorenzo da Ponte. By linguistic extension from the name of the\",\n \"title\": \"Don Juan\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11120155\",\n \"text\": \"is not set in Zamonia, as most of Moers’ other novels are. Illustrations used are taken from \\\"The Rime of the Ancient Mariner\\\", \\\"Orlando Furioso\\\", \\\"The Raven\\\", \\\"Don Quixote\\\", \\\"Legend of Croquemitane\\\", \\\"Gargantua and Pantagruel\\\", \\\"Paradise Lost\\\", and the Bible. Blind Guardian's song, from the album A Twist in the Myth, \\\"This Will Never End\\\", is based on this book. The story begins with 12-year-old Gustave, captain of the \\\"Aventure\\\" as he attempts to escape the deadly Siamese Twins Tornado. When the storm finally catches up with his crew, everyone is killed except Gustave, who meets Death, and his crazy\",\n \"title\": \"A Wild Ride Through the Night\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10302718\",\n \"text\": \"The case established the principle of \\\"libel by innuendo\\\" in English law, and \\\"Monson v Tussauds Ltd\\\" has been used to draw up defamation laws in many countries since. A notorious case at the time, the trial received renewed attention when it was noted that Joseph Bell, revealed as the inspiration for the popular fictional character Sherlock Holmes, had been called as an expert witness at the murder trial. Alfred John Monson began working as a gentleman's tutor for the Hambrough family in 1891. On 10 August 1893, Alfred John Monson took Cecil Hambrough, his 20-year-old pupil, for a day's\",\n \"title\": \"Ardlamont murder\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17137603\",\n \"text\": \"the famous Princess Leia line, \\\"Help me, Obi-Wan Kenobi. You're my only hope!\\\" from \\\"Star Wars\\\". The lines that Mother Superior says before that is also a nod to Star Wars as is similar to what Obi-Wan Kenobi says after the destruction of Alderaan. Outside Storybrooke, Cora tells daughter Regina her horse, Rocinante, is ready. Rocinante is the name of Don Quijote's horse in the novel \\\"El Ingenioso Hidalgo, Don Quijote de La Mancha\\\" by Miguel de Cervantes. The outing saw a decrease from the previous episode, tied for second in its time period with a 2.2/6 among 18-49s with\",\n \"title\": \"The Queen Is Dead (Once Upon a Time)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10815366\",\n \"text\": \"the drawing, Lorenzo Domínguez's sculpture \\\"Barcelona\\\" appears as homage to the victims of bombings. In the last fall, \\\"Crucifixion in Health\\\", the religious dimension of Don Quixote, already suggested in \\\"Crucifixion in Madness\\\", becomes clearer. In this final fall, the Spanish knight stops being Don Quixote. In this drawing, Cervantes' character appears at the center, and to his right and left appear the housekeeper and the niece, mimicking the female figures of the Christian crucifixion. Upon breaking the spear, the knight's arms become the arms of a cross. Don Quixote dies on that cross, and only Alonso Quijano is left\",\n \"title\": \"Lorenzo Domínguez\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3061912\",\n \"text\": \"3552 Don Quixote 3552 Don Quixote, provisionally designated , is an exceptionally eccentric asteroid, classified as a near-Earth object of the Amor group, Mars-crosser and Jupiter-crosser, as well as centaur and extinct comet. The asteroid was discovered on 26 September 1983, by Swiss astronomer Paul Wild at Zimmerwald Observatory near Bern, Switzerland. It was named after the comic knight who is the eponymous hero of Cervantes Spanish novel \\\"Don Quixote\\\" (1605). The approved naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 2 December 1990 (). \\\"Don Quixote\\\" is characterized as a dark D-type asteroid in the Tholen and\",\n \"title\": \"3552 Don Quixote\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4880235\",\n \"text\": \"wife is called by many names (some within just two paragraphs) including \\\"Juana Panza\\\", \\\"Mari Gutiérrez\\\", \\\"Juana Gutiérrez\\\", \\\"Teresa Cascajo\\\", etc. \\\"Teresa Panza\\\" is settled on only after she becomes a substantial character. It is difficult to decide whether these are true mistakes, as malapropisms, aliases and puns are a running joke throughout the books. Cide Hamete Benengeli is miscalled \\\"Berengena\\\" (eggplant), Teresa is called \\\"Teresona Panza\\\" (approximately, \\\"Fat Belly\\\"), and so on. Alonso Fernández de Avellaneda Alonso Fernández de Avellaneda is the pseudonym of a man who wrote a sequel to Cervantes' \\\"Don Quixote\\\". The identity of Fernández de\",\n \"title\": \"Alonso Fernández de Avellaneda\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11850333\",\n \"text\": \"Don Quixote is seen by many scholars to be a stand-in for Ruiz de Burton herself. Quixote is interpreted as a California Hidalgo who has been tricked and conquered by jokesters (standing in for squatters) who faked having aristocratic lineage. Don Quixote's character is transformed from a Hidalgo into a Mexican-American, who rides through stolen lands believing that he is a Spanish savior who must right the wrongs that have injured his people and end the enchantment imposed by the occupiers. In the conclusion, Quixote is deemed a criminal, and ends up a displaced Californio, disgraced, lower-class, and with no\",\n \"title\": \"María Ruiz de Burton\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2937137\",\n \"text\": \"and continue the adventure. Sancho encounters Ricote (\\\"fat cat\\\"), his former Morisco neighbor, who has buried a small fortune. Ricote, like all Moriscos, was expelled from Spain and has returned in disguise to retrieve the treasure he left behind. He asks Sancho for his help. Sancho, while sympathetic, refuses to betray his king. When Don Quixote takes to his deathbed, Sancho tries to cheer him. Sancho idealistically proposes they become pastoral shepherds and thus becomes 'Quixotized'. In addition to stage and screen adaptations of the novel itself, Sancho Panza is a major character in the play within a play in\",\n \"title\": \"Sancho Panza\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11368716\",\n \"text\": \"evil witch Mizrabel in her plot to dominate their world; he is imprisoned alongside Genie in the Cave of Wonders until eventually being rescued by Mickey Mouse. Pinocchio Pinocchio (; ) is a fictional character and the protagonist of the children's novel \\\"The Adventures of Pinocchio\\\" (1883) by Italian writer Carlo Collodi. Carved by a woodcarver named Geppetto in a village near Lucca, he was created as a wooden puppet but dreams of becoming a real boy. He is notably characterized for his frequent tendency to lie, which causes his nose to grow. Pinocchio is a cultural icon. As one\",\n \"title\": \"Pinocchio\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2060889\",\n \"text\": \"could originate, making Quixote seem even more absurd. However, due to the fame of Cervantes' character, the name of La Mancha did become associated worldwide with romantic chivalry. Several film versions of \\\"Don Quixote\\\" have actually been filmed largely in La Mancha. However, some, including the 1957 Russian film version, and the screen version of \\\"Man of La Mancha\\\", were not. The 1957 film was shot in Crimea, while \\\"Man of La Mancha\\\" was filmed in Italy. G.W. Pabst's 1933 version of Cervantes's novel was shot in Alpes-de-Haute-Provence. The 2000 made-for-TV \\\"Don Quixote\\\", starring John Lithgow as Don Quixote and\",\n \"title\": \"La Mancha\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10134145\",\n \"text\": \"later editions use the American title. A coming of age story set in the mythical \\\"golden age\\\" of Spain. The titular character is excluded from the inheritance of the family castle on the grounds that given his expertise with sword and mandolin he should be able to win his own estate and bride. Setting out to achieve his place in the world, Rodriguez quickly acquires a Sancho Panza-like servant, Morano, and goes on to experience a series of adventures en route to his goal. Don Rodriguez: Chronicles of Shadow Valley Don Rodriguez: Chronicles of Shadow Valley is a fantasy novel\",\n \"title\": \"Don Rodriguez: Chronicles of Shadow Valley\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11073658\",\n \"text\": \"costume with heads on either end (the neckline of each respective head opening mimics their costumes from \\\"The Flintstones\\\": Fred's has a necktie and Barney's features the signature cross-stitching of his tunic). Bill Dana's portrayal of the White Knight is a manifestation of Jose Jimenez, the Hispanic immigrant character he perfected in standup routines and on sitcoms (very likely this interpretation of the White Knight was also a comic nod to the most \\\"un\\\"likely and famous fictional knight-errant of all, the Spanish novelist Miguel de Cervantes' Don Quixote). Character actor Allan Melvin provided a voice inspired by Humphrey Bogart for\",\n \"title\": \"Alice in Wonderland or What's a Nice Kid Like You Doing in a Place Like This?\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19801783\",\n \"text\": \"Robert Langdon (film series) The Robert Langdon films are a series of American mystery thriller movies directed by Ron Howard. The films focus on Robert Langdon, a fictional character appearing in the Robert Langdon (book series) by author Dan Brown. The film series has a different chronological order than the novels, and consists of \\\"The Da Vinci Code\\\" (2006), \\\"Angels & Demons\\\" (2009) and \\\"Inferno\\\" (2016). The series has grossed almost $1.5 billion worldwide. Dan Brown’s novels about Professor Robert Langdon: \\\"Angels & Demons\\\" (2000), \\\"The Da Vinci Code\\\" (2003), and \\\"Inferno\\\" (2013), quickly became international bestsellers, and were soon\",\n \"title\": \"Robert Langdon (film series)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9193830\",\n \"text\": \"as it would be a treason to his king. Later Sancho and Don Quixote meet Ricote and his daughter Ana Félix in Barcelona. She is a fervent Christian and has been rescued from Berbery by a young noble neighbour from Sancho and Ricote's village. Her beauty and sincere faith convinces the authorities to arrange the re-admission of the Ricotes in Spain. Ricote (Don Quixote) Ricote is a fictional character who is referred to in Miguel de Cervantes' novel \\\"Don Quixote\\\". He was a wealthy (\\\"\\\" meaning \\\"rich\\\" in Spanish) Morisco shopkeeper and old friend of Sancho Panza, who was banned\",\n \"title\": \"Ricote (Don Quixote)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5402154\",\n \"text\": \"has since become common place in fantasy literature and media. One of the character's most prominent appearances is when he disguises himself as a reverend hermit, and with the assistance of Duessa (\\\"Deceit\\\") seduces the Red-Cross Knight from Una (\\\"truth\\\"). Archimago has thus been interpreted as a symbol of religious hypocrisy, especially the rampant hypocrisy which Spenser perceived within the leadership of the Catholic church. He has also been cited as emblematic of temptation itself and as a character who presents a mutated worldview which causes the knight to doubt the reality of their faith -- the very source of\",\n \"title\": \"Archimago\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3061914\",\n \"text\": \"unknown whether the observed activity is persistent or an outburst, resulting from the excavation of sub-surface ice due to a recent impact of a smaller body. 3552 Don Quixote 3552 Don Quixote, provisionally designated , is an exceptionally eccentric asteroid, classified as a near-Earth object of the Amor group, Mars-crosser and Jupiter-crosser, as well as centaur and extinct comet. The asteroid was discovered on 26 September 1983, by Swiss astronomer Paul Wild at Zimmerwald Observatory near Bern, Switzerland. It was named after the comic knight who is the eponymous hero of Cervantes Spanish novel \\\"Don Quixote\\\" (1605). The approved naming\",\n \"title\": \"3552 Don Quixote\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2137590\",\n \"text\": \"features in the 1983 Italian film \\\"I paladini - Storia d'armi e d'amori\\\" (aka \\\"Hearts and Armour\\\"). Four successive ships of the British Royal Navy were named HMS Rinaldo for this character. Renaud de Montauban Renaud de Montauban (also spelled \\\"Renaut\\\", \\\"Renault\\\", Italian: \\\"Rinaldo di Montalbano\\\", Dutch: \\\"Reinout van Montalba(e)n\\\") was a fictional hero and knight who was introduced to literature in a 12th-century Old French \\\"chanson de geste\\\" known as \\\"Les Quatre Fils Aymon\\\" (\\\"The Four Sons of Aymon\\\") (frequently referred to simply as [the tale of] \\\"Renaud de Montauban\\\"). The four sons of Duke Aymon are Renaud, Richard,\",\n \"title\": \"Renaud de Montauban\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5510841\",\n \"text\": \"years I wasted on this one! I was so frustrated with Hollywood, I went after European money, needing $20 million. And they said, 'You're on.' But I found out I needed more money. [...] That really hurts, that I let a project I'm convinced I'm the best director on the planet to do, slip by.\\\" After Schepisi's project collapsed, Gilliam resumed working on the film with co-writer Tony Grisoni, giving it the new name \\\"The Man Who Killed Don Quixote\\\". Instead of featuring a man named Alonso Quixano and Sancho Panza, this new version would instead feature Toby Grisoni (a\",\n \"title\": \"The Man Who Killed Don Quixote\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8646632\",\n \"text\": \"Mu Arae d Mu Arae d, also known as HD 160691 d, later named Rocinante, is an extrasolar planet orbiting the star Mu Arae of the constellation Ara. In July 2014 the International Astronomical Union launched a process for giving proper names to certain exoplanets and their host stars. The process involved public nomination and voting for the new names. In December 2015, the IAU announced the winning name was Rocinante for this planet. The winning name was submitted by the Planetario de Pamplona, Spain. Rocinante was the horse of the lead character of the novel \\\"El Ingenioso Hidalgo Don\",\n \"title\": \"Mu Arae d\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"426459\",\n \"text\": \"tale. He attributes it to \\\"various Genoese\\\", but this may be seen as a reluctance to credit Marco Polo (as a Venetian an enemy of Florence and greatly disdained by Boccaccio personally); although no specific tale resembling this one appears in Polo's writings, his reports of Kublai Khan's generosity are likely the inspiration for the tale. Messer Gentile de' Carisendi, from Modena, disinters a lady that he loves, who has been buried for dead. She, being reanimated, gives birth to a male child; and Messer Gentile restores her, with her son, to Niccoluccio Caccianimico, her husband. Lauretta gives this story,\",\n \"title\": \"Summary of Decameron tales\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18181422\",\n \"text\": \"The Ribald Decameron The Ribald Decameron (, also known as \\\"Love, Passion and Pleasure\\\") is a 1972 Italian commedia sexy all'italiana film directed by Giuseppe Vari (here credited as Walter Pisani). Nominally based on the Giovanni Boccaccio's novel \\\"Decameron\\\", it is part of a series of derivative erotic comedies based on the success of Pier Paolo Pasolini's \\\"The Decameron\\\". In the Middle Ages, the intrepid Cecco earns eating in taverns and squares as a novelist. His specialty is to re-read the \\\"Decameron\\\" of Boccaccio, narrating the stories most erotic and licentious, whose theme loves of nuns and friars, and rich\",\n \"title\": \"The Ribald Decameron\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12582267\",\n \"text\": \"of Sicily. Scholars have even been able to verify the existence of less famous characters, such as the tricksters Bruno and Buffalmacco and their victim Calandrino. Still other fictional characters are based on real people, such as the Madonna Fiordaliso from tale II, 5, who is derived from a Madonna Flora who lived in the red light district of Naples. Boccaccio often intentionally muddled historical (II, 3) and geographical (V, 2) facts for his narrative purposes. Within the tales of \\\"The Decameron\\\", the principal characters are usually developed through their dialogue and actions, so that by the end of the\",\n \"title\": \"The Decameron\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"compressed_ctxs_1":{"kind":"string","value":"{\n \"compressed_prompt\": \"Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\\n\\ntitle: Don Quijote (spacecraft) context: Cervantes' renowned novel, Don Quixote, who charged against a windmill, thinking it to be a giant. Like Quixote, the Hidalgo spacecraft will 'attack' an object much larger than itself, hopefully with more impressive results. 'Sancho' is named after Sancho Panza, the Quixote's squire, who preferred to stay back and watch from a safe distance, which is the role assigned to that probe. Finally, the name Hidalgo was a minor Spanish title (roughly equivalent to a Baronet), now obsolete. In the novel, it was the title Alonso Quijano had even before becoming Don Quijote. Don Quijote (spacecraft) Don Quijote is a\\n\\nWhat famous character in literature was inspired by an Augustinian monk named Alonso Quizado.\",\n \"compressed_tokens\": 221,\n \"origin_tokens\": 221,\n \"ratio\": \"1.0x\",\n \"saving\": \", Saving $0.0 in GPT-4.\"\n}"},"compressed_ctxs_100":{"kind":"string","value":"{\n \"compressed_prompt\": \"Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\\n\\ntitle: Man of La Mancha context: chivalry and thought so much about injustice that he has lost his mind and set out as a knight-errant. Quijano renames himself Don Quixote de La Mancha, and goes off to find adventures with his \\\"squire\\\", Sancho Panza. (\\\"Man of La Mancha (I Don Quixote)\\\") Don Quixote warns Sancho that they are always in danger of being attacked by Quixote's mortal enemy, an evil magician known as the Enchanter. Suddenly he spots a windmill, mistakes it for a four-armed giant, attacks it, and receives a beating from the encounter. Quijote decides that he lost the battle because he was never\\n\\ntitle: Don Quixote (Picasso context: ofDon Quix\\\". It is widely recognized as one of the most depictions of legendary figure a popular figure. Don QuixotePicasso) Don Quixote is a 195 sketch by Pablo Picasso of the Spanish and sidekick, Sancho Panza. It was featured on the August 8–2 issue French weekly \\\"Les Lettres Françaises\\\" in celebration of the350th anniversary of the part Cerv’s \\\"Don Quixote\\\". Made August 10, 1955 the \\\"Don Quixote\\\" in different than Picasso’ earlier, Rose and Cubist periods.\\n: Donixote: forced deceive him at The isire orthy, veracity evenism.oring individualism of characters Cervantes move the narrow literaryions chanceof, consists straightforward of a that theues The of Quote so well its time that the word \\\"quixotic quickly adopted by many languages. Charchoza andote's ste Roc,s of literary culture The\\n:ote) hero and ly journal of the 350th anniversary of the first part of Cervantes’s \\\"Don Quixote\\\". Made on August 10, 1955, the drawing \\\"Don Quixote\\\" was in a very different style than Picasso’s earlier Blue, Rose, and Cubist periods. The drawing is of Don Quixote de la Mancha, his horse Rocinante, his squire Sancho Panza and his donkey Dapple, the sun, and several windmills.\\n\\nWhat famous character in literature was inspired by an Augustinian monk named Alonso Quizado.\",\n \"compressed_tokens\": 525,\n \"origin_tokens\": 15508,\n \"ratio\": \"29.5x\",\n \"saving\": \", Saving $0.9 in GPT-4.\"\n}"}}},{"rowIdx":295,"cells":{"id":{"kind":"number","value":295,"string":"295"},"question":{"kind":"string","value":"The title of what poetic drama by Robert Browning was used to name a Kentucky town?"},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["Pipa Passes","Song from Pippa Passes","Pippa Passes"],"string":"[\n \"Pipa Passes\",\n \"Song from Pippa Passes\",\n \"Pippa Passes\"\n]","isConversational":false},"target":{"kind":"string","value":"Pippa Passes"},"ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"id":"3814297","text":"in His heaven—All's right with the world!\" The town of Pippa Passes, Kentucky, is formally named after the poem thanks to a grant from the Browning Society. In the Israeli playwright Nissim Aloni play \"Napoleon – dead or alive!\" (1970) there is a character named Pippa, who acts as the secretary of the VIP department in the afterworld. Aloni refers to Browning also in his play The American Princess. Pippa Passes Pippa Passes is a verse drama by Robert Browning. It was published in 1841 as the first volume of his \"Bells and Pomegranates\" series, in a low-priced two-column edition","title":"Pippa Passes"},{"id":"1083324","text":"the construction of a local post office and the founding of Caney Creek Junior College, which were opened in 1917 and 1923, respectively. A donation from the Browning Society led to the post office's being named after Robert Browning's \"Pippa Passes.\" In this verse drama he coined the phrase \"God's in His heaven, all's right with the world.\" (Given the U.S. Postal Service's preference for monogrammatic names, this location was known as Pippapass until 1955.) The city of Pippa Passes was incorporated by the state assembly on July 1, 1983. It is governed by a mayor elected at-large and a","title":"Pippa Passes, Kentucky"},{"id":"715016","text":"the United Kingdom of a notable person. Browning is now popularly known for such poems as \"\", \"\", \"\", and \"\", and also for certain famous lines: \"Grow old along with me!\" (\"\"), \"A man's reach should exceed his grasp\" and \"Less is more\" (\"Andrea Del Sarto\"), \"It was roses, roses all the way\" (\"The Patriot\"), and \"God's in His heaven—All's right with the world!\" (\"Pippa Passes\"). His critical reputation rests mainly on his dramatic monologues, in which the words not only convey setting and action but reveal the speaker's character. In a Browning monologue, unlike a soliloquy, the meaning","title":"Robert Browning"},{"id":"714990","text":"Robert Browning Robert Browning (7 May 1812 – 12 December 1889) was an English poet and playwright whose mastery of the dramatic monologue made him one of the foremost Victorian poets. His poems are known for their irony, characterization, dark humour, social commentary, historical settings, and challenging vocabulary and syntax. Browning's early career began promisingly, but collapsed. The long poems \"Pauline\" and \"Paracelsus\" received some acclaim, but in 1840 the difficult \"Sordello\", which was seen as wilfully obscure, brought his poetry into disrepute. His reputation took more than a decade to recover, during which time he moved away from the","title":"Robert Browning"},{"id":"18600354","text":"'Oh, Whistle, and I'll Come to You, My Lad' \"'Oh, Whistle, and I'll Come to You, My Lad'\" is a ghost story by British writer M. R. James, included in his collection \"Ghost Stories of an Antiquary\" (1904). It is named after the poem by Robert Burns. Parkins, the protagonist, a skeptical Cambridge professor, is on holiday in the town of \"Burnstow\" (a fictionalized version of Felixstowe, Suffolk), on the southeast coast of England. While investigating a Templar ruin for a colleague, he finds a whistle with two Latin inscriptions. On one side it says \"Quis est iste, qui venit?\".","title":"'Oh, Whistle, and I'll Come to You, My Lad'"},{"id":"715015","text":"S. Byatt's \"Possession\" refer directly to Browning's work. Today Browning's critically most esteemed poems include the monologues \"Childe Roland to the Dark Tower Came\", \"Fra Lippo Lippi\", \"Andrea Del Sarto\", and \"My Last Duchess\". His most popular poems include \"Porphyria's Lover\", \"How They Brought the Good News from Ghent to Aix\", the diptych \"Meeting at Night\", the patriotic \"Home Thoughts from Abroad\", and the children's poem \"The Pied Piper of Hamelin\". His abortive dinner-party recital of \"How They Brought The Good News\" was recorded on an Edison wax cylinder, and is believed to be the oldest surviving recording made in","title":"Robert Browning"},{"id":"5686742","text":"Dramatic Lyrics Dramatic Lyrics is a collection of English poems by Robert Browning, first published in 1842 as the third volume in a series of self-published books entitled \"Bells and Pomegranates\". It is most famous as the first appearance of Browning's poem \"The Pied Piper of Hamelin\", but also contains several of the poet's other best-known pieces, including \"My Last Duchess\", \"Soliloquy of the Spanish Cloister\", \"Porphyria's Lover\", and \"Johannes Agricola in Meditation\". Many of the original titles given by Browning to the poems in this collection, as with its \"follow-up\" collection \"Dramatic Romances and Lyrics\", are different from the","title":"Dramatic Lyrics"},{"id":"715025","text":"of poetry Browning published in his lifetime. Some individually notable poems are also listed, under the volumes in which they were published. (His only notable prose work, with the exception of his letters, is his \"Essay on Shelley\".) Robert Browning Robert Browning (7 May 1812 – 12 December 1889) was an English poet and playwright whose mastery of the dramatic monologue made him one of the foremost Victorian poets. His poems are known for their irony, characterization, dark humour, social commentary, historical settings, and challenging vocabulary and syntax. Browning's early career began promisingly, but collapsed. The long poems \"Pauline\" and","title":"Robert Browning"},{"id":"3814289","text":"Pippa Passes Pippa Passes is a verse drama by Robert Browning. It was published in 1841 as the first volume of his \"Bells and Pomegranates\" series, in a low-priced two-column edition for sixpence and next republished in \"Poems\" in 1848, which received much more critical attention. It was dedicated to Thomas Noon Talfourd, who had recently attained fame as the author of the tragedy \"Ion\". The author described the work as \"the first of a series of dramatic pieces\". A young, blameless silk-winding girl is wandering innocently through the environs of Asolo, in her mind attributing kindness and virtue to","title":"Pippa Passes"},{"id":"18600357","text":"Michael Hordern, and again in 2010 starring John Hurt and Sophie Thompson. Abby Howard adapted the story as a web comic. The phrase \"Quis est iste qui venit\" is also referenced in the survival horror video game \"\", written on a cabin in the town with the same name. 'Oh, Whistle, and I'll Come to You, My Lad' \"'Oh, Whistle, and I'll Come to You, My Lad'\" is a ghost story by British writer M. R. James, included in his collection \"Ghost Stories of an Antiquary\" (1904). It is named after the poem by Robert Burns. Parkins, the protagonist, a","title":"'Oh, Whistle, and I'll Come to You, My Lad'"},{"id":"2225200","text":"the poem. Tennyson shares similar ideas in \"The Lady of Shalott\", as do other Victorian authors who contribute to the popular conversation about the artistic processes. Porphyria's Lover \"Porphyria's Lover\" is a poem by Robert Browning which was first published as \"Porphyria\" in the January 1836 issue of \"Monthly Repository\". Browning later republished it in \"Dramatic Lyrics\" (1842) paired with \"Johannes Agricola in Meditation\" under the title \"Madhouse Cells\". The poem did not receive its definitive title until 1863. \"Porphyria's Lover\" is Browning's first ever short dramatic monologue, and also the first of his poems to examine abnormal psychology. Although","title":"Porphyria's Lover"},{"id":"715010","text":"and the Book\" was his most ambitious project and is arguably his greatest work; it has been called a \"tour de force\" of dramatic poetry. Published in four parts from November 1868 to February 1869, the poem was a success both commercially and critically, and finally brought Browning the renown he had sought for nearly 40 years. The Robert Browning Society was formed in 1881 and his work was recognised as belonging within the British literary canon. In the remaining years of his life Browning travelled extensively. After a series of long poems published in the early 1870s, of which","title":"Robert Browning"},{"id":"6239616","text":"The Hippopotamus The Hippopotamus (1994) is a comic novel by Stephen Fry. Written in part as an epistolary novel, it is largely narrated by the main character Edward \"Ted\" Wallace. Wallace is an alcoholic washed-up poet and theatre critic who, having been fired from his newspaper job, accepts a lucrative commission from his terminally ill goddaughter to investigate rumours of miracle healings at Swafford Hall, country mansion of Wallace's old friend Lord Logan. The novel's title comes from the poem of the same name by T. S. Eliot, whose first verse is quoted as the epigraph: The title draws comparisons","title":"The Hippopotamus"},{"id":"3535151","text":"Dramatis Personae Dramatis Personae is a poetry collection by Robert Browning. It was published in 1864. Browning wrote the collection in London, where he had returned with his son after his wife's death. It was his first publication after a nine-year hiatus. During this time, Browning's reputation was fluctuating, and \"Dramatis Personae\" along with \"The Ring and the Book\", which is widely considered his greatest work, were enough to begin a critical re-evaluation of the writer. The poems in \"Dramatis Personae\" are dramatic, with a wide range of narrators. The narrator is usually in a situation that reveals to the","title":"Dramatis Personae"},{"id":"7906148","text":"– July 11, 2007), who was three years his senior, on May 11, 1956. Humphrey died in 2007, aged 88. His other notable plays include \"Dear Love\", a love story based on the poems and letters of Robert and Elizabeth Barrett Browning; \"The Ides of March\", dealing with the actions and events surrounding the end of the Roman Empire; and \"The Little Black Book\", wherein a lawyer falls in love with girl number 134 from his little black book. His play, \"Look Away\", based on the book, \"Mary Todd Lincoln\", by Justin and Linda Levitt, is set in an insane","title":"Jerome Kilty"},{"id":"5686743","text":"ones he later gave them in various editions of his collected works. Since this book was originally self-published in a very small edition, these poems are now always referred to by their later titles. Dramatic Lyrics Dramatic Lyrics is a collection of English poems by Robert Browning, first published in 1842 as the third volume in a series of self-published books entitled \"Bells and Pomegranates\". It is most famous as the first appearance of Browning's poem \"The Pied Piper of Hamelin\", but also contains several of the poet's other best-known pieces, including \"My Last Duchess\", \"Soliloquy of the Spanish Cloister\",","title":"Dramatic Lyrics"},{"id":"715024","text":"Royston, Hertfordshire, is named after Robert Browning. Browning Street in Berkeley, California, is located in an area known as Poets' Corner and is also named after him. Browning Street in Yokine, Western Australia, is named after him, in an area likewise known as Poets' Corner. Browning Street and Robert Browning School in Walworth, London, near to his birthplace in Camberwell, are named after him. Two of a group of three culs-de-sac in Little Venice, London, are named Browning Close and Robert Close after him; the third, Elizabeth Close, is named after his wife. This section lists the plays and volumes","title":"Robert Browning"},{"id":"714992","text":"through his writing had made contributions to Victorian social and political discourse. Unusually for a poet, societies for the study of his work were founded while he was still alive. Such Browning Societies remained common in Britain and the United States until the early 20th century. Robert Browning was born in Walworth in the parish of Camberwell, Surrey, which now forms part of the Borough of Southwark in south London. He was baptized on 14 June 1812, at Lock's Fields Independent Chapel, York Street, Walworth, the only son of Sarah Anna (née Wiedemann) and Robert Browning. His father was a","title":"Robert Browning"},{"id":"2225187","text":"Porphyria's Lover \"Porphyria's Lover\" is a poem by Robert Browning which was first published as \"Porphyria\" in the January 1836 issue of \"Monthly Repository\". Browning later republished it in \"Dramatic Lyrics\" (1842) paired with \"Johannes Agricola in Meditation\" under the title \"Madhouse Cells\". The poem did not receive its definitive title until 1863. \"Porphyria's Lover\" is Browning's first ever short dramatic monologue, and also the first of his poems to examine abnormal psychology. Although its initial publication passed nearly unnoticed and received little critical attention in the nineteenth century, the poem is now heavily anthologised and much studied. In the","title":"Porphyria's Lover"},{"id":"1350809","text":"reburied in individual graves in consecrated ground in Am Wehl Cemetery. The coat of arms (German: \"Wappen\") of Hamelin depicts the St. Boniface Minster, the oldest church in the city. 2018 { 72, 655' The town is famous for the folk tale of the Pied Piper of Hamelin (), a medieval story that tells of a tragedy that befell the town in the 13th century. The version written by the Brothers Grimm made it popular throughout the world; it is also the subject of well-known poems by Goethe and Robert Browning. In the summer every Sunday, the tale is performed","title":"Hamelin"},{"id":"4043459","text":"good-hearted young soldier preparing to go to war, and in the mystery \"23 Paces to Baker Street\", in which he played a blind playwright residing in London. He returned to MGM for \"Slander\" (1956) and \"Action of the Tiger\" (1957). Baby boomers still fondly recall Johnson's appearance as the title character of the highly rated \"spectacular,\" \"The Pied Piper of Hamelin\", a musical version of Robert Browning's poem utilizing the music of Edvard Grieg. Featuring Claude Rains in his only singing and dancing role, it was shown on Tuesday, November 26, 1957 as part of NBC's week-long Thanksgiving specials. The","title":"Van Johnson"},{"id":"5316402","text":"Childe Roland to the Dark Tower Came \"Childe Roland to the Dark Tower Came\" is a poem by English author Robert Browning, written in 1855 and first published that same year in the collection titled \"Men and Women\". The title, \"Childe Roland to the Dark Tower Came\", which forms the last words of the poem, is a line from William Shakespeare's play \"King Lear\" (\"ca.\" 1607). In the play, Gloucester's son, Edgar, lends credence to his disguise as Tom o' Bedlam by talking nonsense, of which this is a part: Child Rowland to the dark tower came,His word was still","title":"Childe Roland to the Dark Tower Came"},{"id":"13398087","text":"How They Brought the Good News from Ghent to Aix \"How They Brought the Good News from Ghent to Aix\" is a poem by Robert Browning published in \"Dramatic Romances and Lyrics\", 1845. The poem, one of the volume's \"dramatic romances\", is a first-person narrative told, in breathless galloping meter, by one of three riders; the midnight errand is urgent—\"the news which alone could save Aix from her fate\"—but what that good news actually is never revealed. The poem is \"noted for its onomatopoetic effects. It describes a purely imaginary incident\", observed William Rose Benet. Browning himself remarked in a","title":"How They Brought the Good News from Ghent to Aix"},{"id":"5316403","text":"'Fie, foh, and fum I smell the blood of a British man. — \"King Lear\", Act 3, scene 4 Shakespeare took inspiration from the fairy tale \"Childe Rowland\". Browning claimed that the poem came to him in a dream. Browning explores Roland's journey to the Dark Tower in 34 six line stanzas with the rhyme form A-B-B-A-A-B and iambic pentameter. It is filled with images from nightmare but the setting is given unusual reality by much fuller descriptions of the landscape than was normal for Browning at any other time in his career. In general, however, the work is one","title":"Childe Roland to the Dark Tower Came"},{"id":"11297328","text":"the vestiges of feudal and mercantile restrictions on workers and businesses were lifted, a move of people (at least in theory) from \"status to contract\". On the other hand, a preference for \"laissez faire\" thought concealed the inequality of bargaining power in multiple contracts, particularly for employment, consumer goods and services, and tenancies. At the centre of the general law of contracts, captured in nursery rhymes like Robert Browning's \"Pied Piper of Hamelin\" in 1842, was the fabled notion that if people had promised something \"let us keep our promise\". But then, the law purported to cover every form of","title":"English contract law"},{"id":"3193783","text":"to philosophy, ay, to life itself, than this incessant business.' The logic is clear: destruction of the Sabbath is contrary to 'life itself.' That, I suggest, is the context in which we should read the Sabbath poems that Berry has been writing for nearly the last thirty years. Berry's fiction to date consists of eight novels and fifty-one short stories (forty-three of which are collected in \"That Distant Land\", 2004 and \"A Place in Time\", 2012) which, when read as a whole, form a chronicle of the fictional small Kentucky town of Port William. Because of his long-term, ongoing exploration","title":"Wendell Berry"},{"id":"17599098","text":"\"freedom of contract\". It was partly a sign of progress, as the vestiges of feudal and mercantile restrictions on workers and businesses were lifted, a move of people from \"status to contract\". On the other hand, a preference for \"laissez faire\" thought concealed the inequality of bargaining power in contracts of employment, consumer, and tenancy. At the centre, captured in nursery rhymes like Robert Browning's \"Pied Piper of Hamelin\" in 1842 was the fabled notion that if people had promised something \"let us keep our promise\". But then, as if everybody had the same degree of free will, a generalised","title":"History of contract law"},{"id":"715001","text":"wife had read the poem through and could not tell whether Sordello was a man, a city or a book. Browning's reputation began to make a partial recovery with the publication, 1841–1846, of \"Bells and Pomegranates\", a series of eight pamphlets, originally intended just to include his plays. Fortunately for Browning's career, his publisher, Moxon, persuaded him to include some \"dramatic lyrics\", some of which had already appeared in periodicals. In 1845, Browning met the poet Elizabeth Barrett, six years his elder, who lived as a semi-invalid in her father's house in Wimpole Street, London. They began regularly corresponding and","title":"Robert Browning"},{"id":"13799534","text":"that it is typical of what those men went through. they passed through storm into calm – \"The worst turns to best, the bleak months end, the elements rage, and vaunting breezes that rave shall dwindle, shall change, shall become first peace out of pain, then light.\"\" [Allenby was quoting Robert Browning's poem \"Prospice\", here...] \"And those who have died for us have now entered into the light of heaven, and even as they stepped into heaven, the light shone, the full glory of heaven shone into their unblinking eyes, and they passed into the presence of God – Gentlemen:","title":"Hamilton Road Cemetery, Deal"},{"id":"5711811","text":"Jocoseria Jocoseria is a collection of short poems by Robert Browning, first published in 1883. Effectively a continuation of the \"Dramatic Idyls\" series, the book was not well received by critics at the time and has continued to be considered one of the poet's least effective collections, aside from the famous prologue to the collection. The prologue, which has no official title but is usually referred to by its first line, \"Wanting is—what?\", became one of Browning's favourite short lyrics and is a standard fixture in anthologies. \"Jocoseria\"—whose title comes from a 1598 collection of jokes and anecdotes, referring to","title":"Jocoseria"},{"id":"307525","text":"group of persons. Examples of epic poems are Homer's \"Iliad\" and \"Odyssey\", Virgil's Aeneid, the \"Nibelungenlied\", Luís de Camões' \"Os Lusíadas\", the \"Cantar de Mio Cid\", the \"Epic of Gilgamesh\", the \"Mahabharata\", Valmiki's \"Ramayana\", Ferdowsi's \"Shahnama\", Nizami (or Nezami)'s Khamse (Five Books), and the \"Epic of King Gesar\". While the composition of epic poetry, and of long poems generally, became less common in the west after the early 20th century, some notable epics have continued to be written. Derek Walcott won a Nobel prize to a great extent on the basis of his epic, \"Omeros\". Poetry can be a powerful","title":"Poetry"},{"id":"11017508","text":"Love Among the Ruins (poem) \"Love Among the Ruins\" is an 1855 poem by Robert Browning. It is the first poem in the collection \"Men and Women\". The poem begins: \"Where the quiet-coloured end of evening smiles,<br> \"Miles and miles<br> \"On the solitary pastures where our sheep<br> \"Half-asleep<br> \"Tinkle homeward thro' the twilight, stray or stop<br> \"As they crop---<br> \"Was the site once of a city great and gay,<br> \"(So they say)<br> \"Of our country's very capital, its prince<br> \"Ages since<br> \"Held his court in, gathered councils, wielding far<br> \"Peace or war.\" Browning here employs an unusual structure of rhyming","title":"Love Among the Ruins (poem)"},{"id":"4808035","text":"the poem. The story is re-told in Derek Parker's 2001 true crime book \"Roman Murder Mystery: The True Story of Pompilia\". In July 2008, a two part play adaptation of this story, set in poetry and prose by Martyn Wade and starring Anton Lesser as Browning, Roger Allam as Guido Franceschini and Louise Brealey as Pompilia, was broadcast as the BBC Radio 4 \"Classic Serial\". Abigail le Fleming produced and directed. The Ring and the Book The Ring and the Book is a long dramatic narrative poem, and, more specifically, a verse novel, of 21,000 lines, written by Robert Browning.","title":"The Ring and the Book"},{"id":"13610820","text":"Surrounded by his exotic possessions and \"in the most perfect congeniality with his wife\", Edwards was reported to be the host of a \"cultivated home\". Two years after Alfred, Lord Tennyson, completed his \"Idylls of the King\", a poetic telling of the King Arthur legend, Edwards and George Parsons Lathrop adapted it to the stage as a drama in four acts. The result was \"Elaine\", a story of young love between Elaine of Astolat and Lancelot, fashioned with \"flower-like fragility\" and \"winning touches of tenderness\". Its first public presentation was a staged \"author's reading\" at Madison Square Theatre on 28","title":"Henry Edwards (entomologist)"},{"id":"715018","text":"as Artist\", Browning is given a famously ironical assessment: \"He is the most Shakespearean creature since Shakespeare. If Shakespeare could sing with myriad lips, Browning could stammer through a thousand mouths. [...] Yes, Browning was great. And as what will he be remembered? As a poet? Ah, not as a poet! He will be remembered as a writer of fiction, as the most supreme writer of fiction, it may be, that we have ever had. His sense of dramatic situation was unrivalled, and, if he could not answer his own problems, he could at least put problems forth, and what","title":"Robert Browning"},{"id":"8455246","text":"than the Middle Eastern locale he starts out from, but Kentuckys that, while appearing to share much of the \"real\" world's history, have developed in radically alternate directions due to differences in their worlds' psychological or physical properties. Finch's new home sets the pattern; it is entirely \"too\" rational, with its denizens acting solely from self-interest in a society organized on a strict patron-client basis. The regimentation extends to naming conventions: people's names are ordered surname first, given name second, and occupation last. Finch initially finds himself classed as \"Finch Arthur Poet\" — and is, indeed, a poet. Poets are,","title":"The Carnelian Cube"},{"id":"4751865","text":"London, Connecticut. The main plot deals with the middle son, 16-year-old Richard, and his coming of age in turn-of-the-century America. \"Perhaps the most atypical of the author's works, the play presents a sentimental tale of youthful indiscretion in a turn-of-the-century New England town.\" The title derives from Quatrain XII of Edward Fitzgerald's translation of the Rubáiyát of Omar Khayyám (5th edition, 1889), one of Richard's favorite poems: Theatre Guild Producer<BR> Philip Moeller Director<BR> Robert Edmond Jones Scenic Designer<BR> CAST<BR> George M. Cohan as Nat Miller <br> Adelaide Bean as Mildred Miller <br> John Butler as Salesman <br> Ruth Chorpenning as","title":"Ah, Wilderness!"},{"id":"2452849","text":"defied links to well-known American poetic movements and forms such as poet and literary critic Robert Peters, greatly influenced by the Victorian English poet Robert Browning’s poetic monologues, became reputable for executing his monologic personae like his Mad King Ludwig II of Bavaria into popular one-man performances. Events, like the 9/11 attacks, influenced both content of poems and the public's attention to poetry. Robert Pinsky has a special place in American poetry as he was the Poet Laureate of the United States for three terms. No other poet has been so honored. His \"Favorite Poem Project\" is unique, inviting all","title":"American poetry"},{"id":"2091913","text":"and \"Spudmouth\" in \"The Merry Adventures of Robin Hood\" by Howard Pyle, are both based on the town. In G. A. Henty's book \"With Wolfe in Canada\" the hero James Walsham is from Sidmouth and parts of the book take place there at the beginning and end. The poet Elizabeth Barrett lived in the town from 1832 until 1835. Sidmouth has been the setting for television shows, most recently an ITV adaptation of Agatha Christie's \"Marple\" in summer 2005. It was a favourite spot for Sir John Betjeman. He chose it as the subject of the first programme of the","title":"Sidmouth"},{"id":"14150898","text":"Red Cotton Night-Cap Country Red Cotton Night-Cap Country, or Turf and Towers (1873) is a poem in blank verse by Robert Browning. It tells a story of sexual intrigue, religious obsession and violent death in contemporary Paris and Normandy, closely based on the true story of the death, supposedly by suicide, of the jewellery heir Antoine Mellerio. \"Red Cotton Night-Cap Country\" has never been one of Browning's more popular poems, originally because of the perceived sordidness of the story, and later on grounds thus summarised by the critic C. H. Herford: The poet followed on the heels of the journalist,","title":"Red Cotton Night-Cap Country"},{"id":"10763913","text":"with the displayed toys. The most famous resident was the poet Elizabeth Barrett, who lived at 50 Wimpole Street with her family from 1838 until 1846 when she eloped with Robert Browning. The street became famous from the play based on their courtship, \"The Barretts of Wimpole Street\". The play starred Katharine Cornell, and when she retired, she moved to E. 51st St. in New York. As she was now neighbour to two other actors who also starred in the play, the street was nicknamed \"Wimpole Street\". Virginia Woolf memorably describes Wimpole Street in \"\", beginning: \"It is the most","title":"Wimpole Street"},{"id":"1130594","text":"day, four of them with music. His composition \"Lanquan li jorn\" is thought to be the model for the Minnesinger Walther von der Vogelweide's crusade song \"Allerest lebe ich mir werde\" (\"Palästinalied\"). Nineteenth-century Romanticism found his legend irresistible. It was the subject of poems by Ludwig Uhland, Heinrich Heine, Robert Browning (\"Rudel to the Lady of Tripoli\") and Giosué Carducci (\"Jaufré Rudel\"). Algernon Charles Swinburne returned several times to the story in his poetry, in \"The Triumph of Time\", \"The Death of Rudel\" and the now-lost \"Rudel in Paradise\" (also titled \"The Golden House\"). In \"The Triumph of Time\", he","title":"Jaufre Rudel"},{"id":"3535153","text":"Browning didn't have much commercial success as a poet. The sales of this work and most notably his \"Collected Poems\" were helped by public sympathy after the death of his wife. Dramatis Personae Dramatis Personae is a poetry collection by Robert Browning. It was published in 1864. Browning wrote the collection in London, where he had returned with his son after his wife's death. It was his first publication after a nine-year hiatus. During this time, Browning's reputation was fluctuating, and \"Dramatis Personae\" along with \"The Ring and the Book\", which is widely considered his greatest work, were enough to","title":"Dramatis Personae"},{"id":"3814293","text":"be Browning's best, but even the sentimental passages of the work had not been able to win over all Victorian critics. In Chapter XVII of the novel \"With Harp and Crown\" (1875), Walter Besant mentioned the poem, singling out \"The hill-side's dew-pearled!\" (\"Was there ever such a stuttering collocation of syllables to confound the reader and utterly destroy a sweet little lyric?\") and took the opportunity to deny Browning's future appeal: Besides the oft-quoted line \"God's in his Heaven/All's right with the world!\" above, the poem contains an error rooted in Robert Browning's unfamiliarity with vulgar slang. Right at the","title":"Pippa Passes"},{"id":"740573","text":"vast desert and beyond in search of the man in black. Roland meets several people along his journey, including a boy named Jake Chambers who travels with him part of the way. The novel was inspired by Robert Browning's poem \"Childe Roland to the Dark Tower Came\" (1855), which King read as a sophomore at the University of Maine. King explains that he \"played with the idea of trying a long romantic novel embodying the feel, if not the exact sense, of the Browning poem.\" King started writing this novel in 1970 on a ream of bright green paper that","title":"The Dark Tower: The Gunslinger"},{"id":"9674731","text":"You beg a porter to collect your luggage, and he entreats you not to be uneasy, for he'll 'fix it presently:' and if you complain of indisposition, you are advised to have recourse to Doctor So-and-so, who will 'fix you' in no time.\" Ms. Banette explains some of the meanings. But the most interesting thing about Louisville is that everyone there seems to have their own pronouncement of the city’s name. Loo-ee-ville Lewis-ville Loo-ville Loser-ville And on and on. Miriam heads to St. Louis Is that pronounced saint lewis or saint loo-ee? Part Eight - The Delta Queen - Cairo,","title":"Dickens in America"},{"id":"9654680","text":"the drama, Politian recites the poem \"The Coliseum\", which Poe had previously published in 1833. \"Politian\" was written in blank verse and styled after Jacobean-era tragedies. Like many of Poe's tales, \"Politian\" questions the finality of death or what happens when life is over. Politian proposes a suicide pact to an orphan named Lalage so that they can meet in the afterlife. The title character is named after a 15th-century Italian poet, scholar and teacher named Poliziano. Poe was dramatizing a murder which occurred on November 7, 1825, in Kentucky. Anna Cooke of Frankfort, Kentucky gave birth to the child","title":"Politian (play)"},{"id":"14761282","text":"animation studio Cosgrove Hall in the late 1970s and early 1980s, she did adaptations of \"The Talking Parcel\" (1978), Robert Browning's poem of \"The Pied Piper of Hamelin\" (1980) and \"The Wind in the Willows\". She also wrote six episodes for the first series of the subsequent \"TV series based on The Wind in the Willows\" which followed on from her film adaptation. Three episodes were based on chapters from Kenneth Grahame's original book that were omitted from the film adaptation and she also wrote three original stories; the other episodes were written by Cosgrove Hall's main writer at the","title":"Rosemary Anne Sisson"},{"id":"20320790","text":"Michael's manor have reignited his sense of wonder; having written five new poems for the first time in nearly 30 years and preparing to write a sixth, a solitary Ted ushers a toast \"to miracles.\" The Hippopotamus (film) The Hippopotamus is a 2017 British film, adapted from Stephen Fry's 1994 novel of the same name. Filmed in 2015 under the direction of John Jenks, the film chronicles a poet who is summoned to his friend's country manor to investigate a series of unexplained miracles. Edward \"Ted\" Wallace (Roger Allam) is an aging, jaded writer and former poet. Having not written","title":"The Hippopotamus (film)"},{"id":"2739601","text":"county of Cambridgeshire. The poem takes its name from the opening line \"Flen, flyys and freris\" meaning \"fleas, flies and friars\". The famous line reads \"Non sunt in coeli, quia gxddbov xxkxzt pg ifmk.\" meaning \"They [the friars] are not in heaven, since ...\" followed by words that when decoded, taking in account the alphabet of the time (where u and v were interchangeable, as were i and j, and uu represented w), read \"fvccant vvivys of heli\", a Latin/English mix that means \"...they fuck the wives of Ely (a city near Cambridge).\" The poem also contains the lines \"Fratres","title":"Flen flyys"},{"id":"6317227","text":"Leigh\" (1857) by Elizabeth Barrett Browning, \"Lucile\" (1860) by 'Owen Meredith' (Robert Bulwer-Lytton), and \"The Ring and the Book\" (1868-9) by Robert Browning. The form appears to have declined with Modernism, but has since the 1960s-70s undergone a remarkable revival. Vladimir Nabokov's \"Pale Fire\" (1962) takes the form of a 999-line poem four cantos, though the plot of the novel unfolds in the commentary. Of particular note, Vikram Seth's \"The Golden Gate\" (1986) was a surprise bestseller, and Derek Walcott's \"Omeros\" (1990) a more predictable success. The form has been particularly popular in the Caribbean, with work since 1980 by","title":"Verse novel"},{"id":"2332099","text":"from these banker landowners; Biddulph was later ennobled. Ledbury was home to poet Elizabeth Barrett Browning, who spent her childhood at Hope End. It is also the birthplace of poet laureate John Masefield, after whom the local secondary school is named. William Wordsworth's 1835 sonnet \"St. Catherine of Ledbury\", concerning a local anchoress called Katherine, begins \"When ... Ledbury bells broke forth in concert\". In 1901 St. Katharine's priest was Charles Madison Green, whose wife, Ella, was the eldest sister of author H. Rider Haggard. During the twentieth century the population stabilised, hardly growing at all to the Census of","title":"Ledbury"},{"id":"11017511","text":"The poem is quoted by the character Rupert Birkin in \"Women in Love\", a novel by D. H. Lawrence. The title of the poem is also made the title of a novella by the British satirist Evelyn Waugh. Love Among the Ruins (poem) \"Love Among the Ruins\" is an 1855 poem by Robert Browning. It is the first poem in the collection \"Men and Women\". The poem begins: \"Where the quiet-coloured end of evening smiles,<br> \"Miles and miles<br> \"On the solitary pastures where our sheep<br> \"Half-asleep<br> \"Tinkle homeward thro' the twilight, stray or stop<br> \"As they crop---<br> \"Was the site","title":"Love Among the Ruins (poem)"},{"id":"5981411","text":"as well as the human presence on Turquoise. In the end, Naqi takes a final swim in the ocean, and joins her sister in the Juggler collective. \"Diamond Dogs\" (1974) is an album by David Bowie. \"Turquoise Days\" is a song on the album \"Heaven Up Here\" (1981) by Echo and the Bunnymen. The character Roland Childe and his obsession with the spire are references to Robert Browning's poem \"Childe Roland to the Dark Tower Came\". During their hibernated sleep on the way to the planet, the characters in \"Diamond Dogs\" share dreams which reference the novel \"Rogue Moon\" by","title":"Diamond Dogs, Turquoise Days"},{"id":"20440702","text":"Synagogue and the Jewess;\" a poem in honor of Sir Moses Montefiore; \"The Influence of Faith;\" \"Hebrew Women;\" \"Jewish Working Girls ;\" studies of Robert Browning's poems, among them \"Rabbi Ben Ezra,\" \"Saul,\" and \" Jochanan Ha Kadosh\" (the Holy); \"Miss Hattie;\" \"A Book That Has Helped Me,\" being a review of \"The Story of Avis\", by Elizabeth Stuart Phelps; and a paper on Emma Lazarus's writings. At the Hebrew Women's Congress, held in Chicago during the World's Columbian Exhibition, in 1893, Cohen read her paper on \"The Influence of the Jewish Religion on the Home;\" and another, on \"What","title":"Mary M. Cohen"},{"id":"15152720","text":"Lord Judge, opened on 22 June 2012. One of the arguments made by Chambers' barrister for this last appeal, John Cooper QC, was that if the tweet was \"menacing\" so was John Betjeman's poem, \"Slough\", pleading \"Come, friendly bombs, and fall on Slough!\". He also asked whether Shakespeare would have been prosecuted if he had tweeted his line from \"Henry VI, Part 2\" (Act IV, Scene 2), \"The first thing we do, let's kill all the lawyers\". The latter reputedly drew laughter from the judges. On 27 June, the judges announced a reserved judgement. Chambers arrived at court accompanied by","title":"Twitter Joke Trial"},{"id":"12535282","text":"Flobots. Save the World. Get the Girl was released on 20 October 2008 in the UK. The album was produced by Peter Miles, who produced \"Under the Fog\", and Clive Langer (producer of Elvis Costello, Madness, Dexy's Midnight Runners, Morrissey). The album received positive reviews. \"My Boulder\" was released as a single on 13 October 2008 in the UK. Zane Lowe played this track several times on BBC Radio 1 and recommended it on air to Noel Gallagher. \"My Boulder\" includes an excerpt from a reading of the poem \"The Pied Piper of Hamelin\" by Robert Browning. Other tracks from","title":"The King Blues"},{"id":"4874786","text":"filmmaking was only temporary. \"Doing something once in a while, like \"The Mirror Crack'd,\" is fine and it makes me feel like Cinderella at the ball. But as a steady diet - no way.\" The title - shortened from the one used for Christie's book - is part of a line from \"The Lady of Shalott\" by the English poet Alfred, Lord Tennyson: Biographers theorise that Christie used an incident in the real-life of American film star Gene Tierney as the basis of the plot of \"The Mirror Crack'd from Side to Side\". In June 1943, while pregnant with her","title":"The Mirror Crack'd"},{"id":"1479813","text":"a classicist whose poetry forms a link between the Augustans and Robert Browning, who much admired it. The Victorian era was a period of great political, social and economic change. The Empire recovered from the loss of the American colonies and entered a period of rapid expansion. This expansion, combined with increasing industrialisation and mechanisation, led to a prolonged period of economic growth. The Reform Act 1832 was the beginning of a process that would eventually lead to universal suffrage. The major Victorian poets were John Clare, Alfred, Lord Tennyson, Robert Browning, Elizabeth Barrett Browning, Matthew Arnold and Gerard Manley","title":"English poetry"},{"id":"714998","text":"of the British Museum and wrote to Browning, then in Florence to ask if he was the author. John Stuart Mill, however, wrote that the author suffered from an \"intense and morbid self-consciousness\". Later Browning was rather embarrassed by the work, and only included it in his collected poems of 1868 after making substantial changes and adding a preface in which he asked for indulgence for a boyish work. In 1834, he accompanied the Chevalier George de Benkhausen, the Russian consul-general, on a brief visit to St Petersburg and began \"Paracelsus\", which was published in 1835. The subject of the","title":"Robert Browning"},{"id":"17622140","text":"an example of syllable rhyme. Eliot employs forced rhyme (also called \"oblique rhyme\") on \"peace\" and \"ease\" (lines 8 and 11), and eye rhyme on \"home\" and \"come\" (lines 14 and 15). \"A Song for Simeon\" is structured as a first-person dramatic monologue spoken by Simeon. Eliot's style of monologue used in the poem (and in many of his works) draws heavily from the influence of English Victorian poet Robert Browning (1812–1889). Literary scholar Martin Scofield directly identifies Simeon's recitation as \"the voice of the Browningesque dramatic monologue\" and characterises Eliot's use of Simeon as a speaker as a \"mask","title":"A Song for Simeon"},{"id":"13719048","text":"Blake's \"The Tiger\" and Rudyard Kipling's \"A Smuggler's Song\": \"Five and twenty ponies, Trotting through the dark\". Though agreeing that the metre is \"almost indispensable for comic purposes\", the editors also selected serious examples, by among others Matthew Prior, Isaac Watts and Robert Browning – \"The Lost Leader\": \"Just for a handful of silver he left us, Just for a riband to stick in his coat\". Nonetheless the poet most represented in this section is Edward Lear, with \"The Owl and the Pussy-Cat\", \"The Quangle Wangle's Hat\" and \"How Pleasant to Know Mr Lear\". In their introduction to this section,","title":"An Eton Poetry Book"},{"id":"6718153","text":"to the training area. Three British schools, two primary one being William Wordsworth School named after the poet who wrote a poem about daffodils, and the other Robert Browning School, named after the writer who wrote the Pied Piper story set in Hamelin (Hameln), and one middle school called John Buchan Middle School, exist to educate the children of the British families resident in the area. When the children reach year 9 they go on to Kings School in Gütersloh which is about 45 minutes away. There is also a primary school, a Catholic and a civic kindergarten for the","title":"Sennelager"},{"id":"20320782","text":"The Hippopotamus (film) The Hippopotamus is a 2017 British film, adapted from Stephen Fry's 1994 novel of the same name. Filmed in 2015 under the direction of John Jenks, the film chronicles a poet who is summoned to his friend's country manor to investigate a series of unexplained miracles. Edward \"Ted\" Wallace (Roger Allam) is an aging, jaded writer and former poet. Having not written a poem since 1987, he is stuck writing reviews of small-time plays, wallowing in his bath, and compulsively drinking. After a dispute at a poorly-performed play leads to him being fired from his position as","title":"The Hippopotamus (film)"},{"id":"8609433","text":"In ...;\" \"Travelling [sic] Through Your Country;\" \"Propeller Sleep;\" \"Fish & Swimmers & Lonely Birds ...;\" \"Spaces are Death;\" \"The Second Moment;\" \"The Third Moment;\" \"Perpetual Motions;\" \"Leaving Your Country;\" \"The Old Know By Midsummer;\" and \"Abortion.\" Group 3: \"Written Before Easter in New York;\" \"Chronicle;\" \"Tracks;\" \"On The Winter Solstice;\" \"Blossom;\" \"Hudson Ice Floes;\" \"Poor Mouse;\" \"Sky;\" and \"March Wind.\" Group 4: The play, \"One, Two Cups.\" Random Possession was published by I. Reed Books in 1982. On the contents page the poems are separated spatially into five unnumbered groups (with only the first three listed on the contents","title":"Mei-mei Berssenbrugge"},{"id":"3144220","text":"\"Properzia Rossi\" are all exemplars of this technique. Algernon Charles Swinburne's \"Hymn to Proserpine\" has been called a dramatic monologue vaguely reminiscent of Browning's work. Some American poets have also written poems in the genre- famous examples include Edgar Allan Poe's The Raven and Sylvia Plath's Daddy. Post-Victorian examples include William Butler Yeats's \"The Gift of Harun al-Rashid\", Elizabeth Bishop's \"Crusoe in England\", and T.S. Eliot's \"The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock\" and \"Gerontion\". Dramatic monologue Dramatic monologue, also known as a persona poem, is a type of poetry written in the form of a speech of an individual","title":"Dramatic monologue"},{"id":"715000","text":"one of which was not performed, while the other failed, Browning having fallen out with Macready. In 1838, he visited Italy looking for background for \"Sordello\", a long poem in heroic couplets, presented as the imaginary biography of the Mantuan bard spoken of by Dante in the Divine Comedy, canto 6 of Purgatory, set against a background of hate and conflict during the Guelph-Ghibelline wars. This was published in 1840 and met with widespread derision, gaining him the reputation of wanton carelessness and obscurity. Tennyson commented that he only understood the first and last lines and Carlyle wrote that his","title":"Robert Browning"},{"id":"12737945","text":"Comin' Thro' the Rye \"Comin' Thro' the Rye\" is a poem written in 1782 by Robert Burns (1759–96). The words are put to the melody of the Scottish Minstrel \"Common' Frae The Town\". This is a variant of the tune to which \"Auld Lang Syne\" is usually sung—the melodic shape is almost identical, the difference lying in the tempo and rhythm. G. W. Napier, in an 1876 \"Notes and Queries\", wrote that, The protagonist, \"Jenny\", is not further identified, but there has been reference to a \"Jenny from Dalry\" and a longstanding legend in the Drakemyre suburb of the town","title":"Comin' Thro' the Rye"},{"id":"9220753","text":"to ITV television. For Radio 4, she has written a number of comedy series (which pay unusual attention to music and sound-effects): \"The Wordsmiths at Gorsemere\" (a pastiche of the poet William Wordsworth and his circle at Grasmere, two series), \"The Sit Crom\" (set in the English Civil War), \"Four Joneses and a Jenkins\" (a reference to \"Four Weddings and a Funeral\"); \"Alison and Maud\"; and most recently \"Gloomsbury\", \"a rhapsody about bohemians\", about members of the Bloomsbury Group and starring Miriam Margolyes and Alison Steadman. Other works include \"Growing Pains\" (a documentary about ageing), \"Hilaire Belloc\", \"Cities\" (six programmes","title":"Sue Limb"},{"id":"6239617","text":"between the animal as described in the poem and the main character, Ted Wallace, a slovenly man who enjoys long baths. (Hence cover designs picturing an actual hippopotamus or Fry himself in a bathtub.) The title and epigraph imply as well one of the novel's themes: the practicality of poetry and how that helps Wallace, a poet, regard the \"miracles\" in the story with a sceptical eye. The \"hippo\" of the title (occasionally referred to as \"the happy hippo\" and given to wallowing in long baths) is Edward (Ted/Tedward) Lennox Wallace, an aging, lecherous, one-time hell-raising poet, reduced by diminishing","title":"The Hippopotamus"},{"id":"1480072","text":"1930s W. H. Auden and Christopher Isherwood co-authored verse dramas, of which The Ascent of F6 (1936) is the most notable, that owed much to Bertolt Brecht. T. S. Eliot had begun this attempt to revive poetic drama with \"Sweeney Agonistes\" in 1932, and this was followed by \"The Rock\" (1934), \"Murder in the Cathedral\" (1935) and \"The Family Reunion\" (1939). There were three further plays after the war. An important cultural movement in the British theatre which developed in the late 1950s and early 1960s was Kitchen sink realism (or \"kitchen sink drama\"), a term coined to describe art","title":"English drama"},{"id":"1621644","text":"me.\" The opening of another Dickinson poem toys with her position as a woman in a male-dominated society and an unrecognized poet: \"I'm nobody! Who are you? / Are you nobody too?\" American poetry arguably reached its peak in the early-to-mid-20th century, with such noted writers as Wallace Stevens and his \"Harmonium\" (1923) and \"The Auroras of Autumn\" (1950), T. S. Eliot and his \"The Waste Land\" (1922), Robert Frost and his \"North of Boston\" (1914) and \"New Hampshire\" (1923), Hart Crane and his \"White Buildings\" (1926) and the epic cycle, \"The Bridge\" (1930), Ezra Pound, William Carlos Williams and","title":"American literature"},{"id":"6521315","text":"party, well then, I might ferget America,\"). He also told traditional, humorous Southern stories, the most notable among these being \"The Motorcycle Story\", \"When John Gets Here\" (also called \"The Haunted House\"), and his version of Shakespeare's \"Julius Caesar\" as set in Rome, Georgia. Brother Dave got a good deal of comic mileage from his boosting of all things Southern, making him a latter-day version of Kenny Delmar's \"Senator Claghorn\" on Fred Allen's classic radio show. He smoked cigarettes during his routines, describing them as \"a Southern product,\" and declaring \"I like cigarettes - I'd smoke chains if I could","title":"Brother Dave Gardner"},{"id":"8645305","text":"Piano di Sorrento Piano di Sorrento () is a \"comune\" (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Naples in the Italian region Campania, located about southeast of Naples. Piano di Sorrento borders the following municipalities: Meta, Sant'Agnello, Vico Equense. Victorian poet Robert Browning sojourned in the area and mentions the countryside of Piano and other localities of the Surrentine peninsula in the poem \"The Englishman in Italy\". In the nineteenth century, Piano di Sorrento's economy was based mainly on fishing, agriculture and shipbuilding activities. At the beginning of the twentieth century, Piano di Sorrento encountered socio-economic mutation which will - given","title":"Piano di Sorrento"},{"id":"4074883","text":"Caliban upon Setebos Caliban upon Setebos is a poem written by the British poet Robert Browning and published in his 1864 \"Dramatis Personae\" collection. It deals with Caliban, a character from Shakespeare's \"The Tempest\", and his reflections on Setebos, the brutal god he believes in. Some scholars see Browning as being of the belief that God is in the eye of the beholder, and this is emphasized by a barbaric character believing in a barbaric god. An offshoot of this interpretation is the argument that Browning is applying evolutionary theory to religious development. Others feel that he was satirizing theologians","title":"Caliban upon Setebos"},{"id":"1458787","text":"notation for the many satisfying and variable rhythms of language. Slavish adherence to meter produces doggerel. Skillful poets structure their poems around a meter and line length, and then depart from it and play against it as needed in order to create effect, as Robert Browning does in the first line of \"My Last Duchess\": The opening spondees, which throw the iambic line out of pattern, gives the Duke's words a certain virulent energy: he's spitting the words out. Gerard Manley Hopkins took this idea of poetric energy through departure from meter to its extreme, with his theory and practice","title":"Poetry analysis"},{"id":"715011","text":"\"Balaustion's Adventure\" and \"Red Cotton Night-Cap Country\" were the best-received, the volume \"Pacchiarotto, and How He Worked in Distemper\" included an attack against Browning's critics, especially Alfred Austin, who was later to become Poet Laureate. According to some reports Browning became romantically involved with Louisa Caroline Stewart-Mackenzie, Lady Ashburton, but he refused her proposal of marriage, and did not remarry. In 1878, he revisited Italy for the first time in the seventeen years since Elizabeth's death, and returned there on several further occasions. In 1887, Browning produced the major work of his later years, \"Parleyings with Certain People of Importance","title":"Robert Browning"},{"id":"15100866","text":"The Battle of Marathon: A Poem The Battle of Marathon is a rhymed, dramatic, narrative-poem by Elizabeth Barrett (later Browning). Written in 1820, when Barrett was just 14, it retells powerfully The Battle of Marathon: during which the Athenian state defeated the much larger invading force during the first Persian invasion of Greece. When Darius the Great orders his immense army march west to annex additional territories; no-one in the Persian court predicted that some fractious, independent Greek city-states stood any chance against the Persian super-power. And yet at Marathon in 490BC, Darius' plans received a decisive check in the","title":"The Battle of Marathon: A Poem"},{"id":"215605","text":"also derived from Milton's writings. Examples include Thomas Wolfe's \"Look Homeward, Angel\", Aldous Huxley's \"Eyeless in Gaza\", Arthur Koestler's \"Darkness at Noon\", and William Golding's \"Darkness Visible\". T. S. Eliot believed that \"of no other poet is it so difficult to consider the poetry simply as poetry, without our theological and political dispositions... making unlawful entry\". Milton's use of blank verse, in addition to his stylistic innovations (such as grandiloquence of voice and vision, peculiar diction and phraseology) influenced later poets. At the time, poetic blank verse was considered distinct from its use in verse drama, and \"Paradise Lost\" was","title":"John Milton"},{"id":"17183973","text":"King Victor and King Charles King Victor and King Charles was the second play written by Robert Browning for the stage. He completed it in 1839 for William Macready, who had staged \"Strafford\" two years before, but Macready rejected it as unsuitable and it was never performed. It was published in 1842 as the second number of \"Bells and Pomegranates\". The subject of the play is the strange incident in 1730–32 in the Kingdom of Sardinia in which the elderly king, Victor Amadeus II, first abdicated in favour of his son Charles Emmanuel III, and then after months of ever-increasing","title":"King Victor and King Charles"},{"id":"688130","text":"been recorded by Christie Purcell (1952), Mary Delaney on \"From Puck to Appleby\" (2003), and the Dubliners on \"Double Dubliners\" (1972) among others. Robert Burns dedicated a poem to the Louse, inspired by witnessing one on a lady's bonnet in church: \"Ye ugly, creepin, blastid wonner, Detested, shunn'd, by saint and sinner, How dare ye set your fit upon her, sae fine lady! Gae somewhere else, and seek your dinner on some poor body.\" John Milton in \"Paradise Lost\" mentioned the biblical plague of lice visited upon pharaoh: \"Frogs, lice, and flies must all his palace fill with loathed intrusion,","title":"Louse"},{"id":"19326448","text":"was one of the best known of Forster's biographies in 2016. \"Elizabeth Barrett Browning\" is the first full biography of the poet to be published since Gardner Taplin's life of 1957, and reviews substantial material uncovered during the intervening thirty years, including letters, diaries, papers and juvenilia collected by Philip Kelley and others. Forster draws on the new material to expand on Barrett Browning's life before she met Robert Browning in 1845, at the age of almost forty. She stresses the importance of Barrett Browning's rural childhood at Hope End in Herefordshire, and discusses the nature of her mysterious childhood","title":"Elizabeth Barrett Browning: A Biography"},{"id":"714991","text":"Shelleyan forms of his early period and developed a more personal style. In 1846, Browning married the older poet Elizabeth Barrett, and went to live in Italy. By the time of her death in 1861, he had published the crucial collection \"Men and Women\". The collection \"Dramatis Personae\" and the book-length epic poem \"The Ring and the Book\" followed, and made him a leading British poet. He continued to write prolifically, but his reputation today rests largely on the poetry he wrote in this middle period. When Browning died in 1889, he was regarded as a sage and philosopher-poet who","title":"Robert Browning"},{"id":"14588505","text":"revive their marriage, but it was short-lived. Browning sold Ca' Rezzonico in 1906 and thereafter divided his time between two other homes in Italy, the Torre all' Antella, near Florence, and Asolo, a location closely associated with his father, who set his poem \"Pippa Passes\" there and wrote his last book, \"Asolando\" while living there. Browning grew old contentedly, despite failing eyesight. In May 1912, a street in Asolo was named \"Via Browning\" in honour of his father's centenary, and Browning, who was unwell, left his bed to attend the celebration. It was his last public appearance. On 8 July","title":"Robert Barrett Browning"},{"id":"13908346","text":"Shakespeare, Walt Whitman, William Wordsworth, W.B. Yeats, Alfred, Lord Tennyson, Robert Browning, Dante, Robert Burns, Matthew Arnold, Dante Gabriel Rossetti and Henrik Ibsen. \"The Poets' Corner\" was republished in 1943 as a King Penguin publication with an introduction by John Rothenstein and expanded to twenty-four colour illustrations. The Poets' Corner The Poets' Corner is a book of twenty caricatures by English caricaturist, essayist and parodist Max Beerbohm. It was published in 1904 by William Heinemann, and was Beerbohm's second book of caricatures, the first being \"Caricatures of Twenty-five Gentlemen\" (1896). Named after Poets' Corner, the name traditionally given to a","title":"The Poets' Corner"},{"id":"14950407","text":"Last Duchess'. On a third interpretation, the ambiguity between these two readings is the poem's major attribute. Count Gismond \"Count Gismond\" is a poem by Robert Browning, frequently anthologised as an example of the dramatic monologue. It first appeared in 1842 in Browning's \"Dramatic Lyrics\", where it was known simply as \"France\". The poem is written in 21 verses. \"Count Gismond: Aix in Provence\" may, on one reading, be seen as a story of the vindication of innocence. A woman relates to a friend an episode of her own life, when a defender arose for her when she was caught","title":"Count Gismond"},{"id":"14481090","text":"is frequently alluded to by Horace Rumpole. The lines \"We that had loved him so, followed him, honoured him, / ... / Made him our pattern to live and to die!\" are framed as the deciding quiz bowl question in Nan Willard Kappo's \"Cheating Lessons\", published in 2002. An excerpt of the poem is featured in Cassandra Clare's \"Clockwork Angel\" published in 2010. Different approaches to the poem—personal idiosyncratic approaches and those informed by historical context or metrical structure—are discussed as an introduction to \"cognitive poetics\". The Lost Leader (poem) The Lost Leader is an 1845 poem by Robert Browning","title":"The Lost Leader (poem)"},{"id":"8520688","text":"\"Carnac,\" \"Disillusion,\" \"Ghost Ships,\" \"Jewels,\" \"Leaves,\" \"Mother and Son,\" \"Preferences,\" \"Tehuantepec,\" \"Teotihuacán,\" \"The Elephant,\" \"The Hippopotamus,\" \"The Home of the Gods,\" \"The Indian Rhinoceros,\" \"The Iron Pillar of Delhi,\" \"The Lizards of Tula,\" \"The Mantis,\" \"The Newt,\" \"The Old-Fashioned Lover,\" \"The Olmec,\" \"The Other Baghdad,\" \"The Reaper,\" \"The Saviors,\" \"The Trap,\" \"Thoth-Amon's Complaint,\" \"Tiger in the Rain,\" and \"Xeroxing the Necomonicon\" are shared with \"Phantoms and Fancies\" only. The remaining poems are common to all three collections. Heroes and Hobgoblins Heroes and Hobgoblins is a 1981 collection of poetry by science fiction and fantasy author L. Sprague de Camp, illustrated","title":"Heroes and Hobgoblins"},{"id":"715021","text":"Anthony Burgess wrote: \"We all want to like Browning, but we find it very hard.\" Gerard Manley Hopkins and George Santayana were also critical. The latter expressed his views in the essay \"The Poetry of Barbarism,\" which attacks Browning and Walt Whitman for what he regarded as their embrace of irrationality. In 1914 American modernist composer Charles Ives created the Robert Browning Overture, a dense and darkly dramatic piece with gloomy overtones reminiscent of the Second Viennese School. In 1930 the story of Browning and his wife was made into the play \"The Barretts of Wimpole Street\", by Rudolph Besier.","title":"Robert Browning"},{"id":"9462756","text":"for Crowley as it was the first to refer to himself as \"The Beast\" without any reticence as regards his critics, and the cover daringly had \"Aleister Crowley = 666\" written in Hebrew. It was basically a work based on Robert Browning's \"Christmas-Eve and Easter-Day\" and itself contained two long, likewise-colloquial poems called \"Ascension Day\" and \"Pentacoste\", both quite anarchic and unreadable because of the constant use of neologisms, disenjambment and punctuation, the poems really set way by means of hundreds of footnotes for collected prose witticisms in the back (even the line-numbering, going up naturally in five, cheekily missed","title":"Collected Works of Aleister Crowley 1905-1907"},{"id":"17073986","text":"\"Black or White\" was inspired by the 1925 poem \"The Hollow Men\" by British poet T. S. Eliot. Talking to \"The Observer\" in 1976, Harley revealed that T. S. Eliot was a big hero to him, and that he nicked the form of \"The Hollow Men\" for the song. \"Black or White\" was released by EMI Records on 7\" vinyl in the UK, the Netherlands, Belgium, Germany, Italy and Japan. In the UK, a promotional demo/DJ copy was also issued by EMI. The Japanese edition of the single, unlike the other countries, was promotional only. The B-Side was \"Mad, Mad","title":"Black or White (Steve Harley & Cockney Rebel song)"},{"id":"12737948","text":"Salinger comes from the poem's name. Holden Caulfield, the protagonist, misinterprets a part of this poem to mean \"if a body catch a body\" rather than \"if a body meet a body.\" He keeps picturing children playing in a field of rye near the edge of a cliff, and him catching them when they start to fall off. Comin' Thro' the Rye \"Comin' Thro' the Rye\" is a poem written in 1782 by Robert Burns (1759–96). The words are put to the melody of the Scottish Minstrel \"Common' Frae The Town\". This is a variant of the tune to which","title":"Comin' Thro' the Rye"},{"id":"11825260","text":"is a 501(c)(3) not-for-profit organization. \"Wuthering Heights\", \"A Female Philoctetes\", \"Twelfth Night\", \"Fahrenheit 451\", \"Herakles\", \"Cyrano de Bergerac\", \"Taming Of The Shrew\", \"Macbeth\", \"The Importance Of Being Earnest\", \"Six Characters In Search Of An Author\", \"A Midsummer Night's Dream\", \"As You Like It\", \"An Enemy Of The People\", \"The Iliad\", \"The Comedy of Errors\", \"Catch-22\", \"Julius Caesar\", \"Prometheus Bound\" with David Oyelowo, \"Romeo & Juliet\", \"The Canterbury Tales\", \"Much Ado About Nothing\", \"Hamlet\", \"The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll & Mr. Hyde\", H G Wells' \"The Invisible Man\", with choreographer Doug Varone, \"Twelfth Night\", \"A Very Naughty Greek Play\", \"Oedipus","title":"Aquila Theatre"},{"id":"4911713","text":"to 2012 on BBC Radio 4. In 2005 \"Time Magazine\" included the novel in its list of \"100 Best English-language Novels from 1923 to 2005\". In 2003 the novel was listed on the BBC's survey The Big Read. The novel concerns the relationship between two fictional Victorian poets, Randolph Henry Ash (whose life and work are loosely based on those of the English poet Robert Browning, or Alfred, Lord Tennyson, whose work is more consonant with the themes expressed by Ash, as well as Tennyson's having been poet-laureate to Queen Victoria) and Christabel LaMotte (based on Christina Rossetti), as uncovered","title":"Possession (Byatt novel)"},{"id":"121187","text":"\"Silappatikaram\", the Persian \"Shahnameh\", the Ancient Greek \"Odyssey\" and \"Iliad\", Virgil's \"Aeneid\", the Old English \"Beowulf\", Dante's \"Divine Comedy\", the Finnish \"Kalevala\", the German \"Nibelungenlied\", the French \"Song of Roland\", the Spanish \"Cantar de mio Cid\", Camões' Os \"Lusíadas\", John Milton's \"Paradise Lost\", and Adam Mickiewicz's \"Pan Tadeusz\". The first epics were products of preliterate societies and oral history poetic traditions. Oral tradition was used alongside written scriptures to communicate and facilitate the spread culture. In these traditions, poetry is transmitted to the audience and from performer to performer by purely oral means. Early twentieth-century study of living oral epic","title":"Epic poetry"},{"id":"714997","text":"of the author, Robert Browning, who received the money from his aunt, Mrs Silverthorne. It is a long poem composed in homage to Shelley and somewhat in his style. Originally Browning considered \"Pauline\" as the first of a series written by different aspects of himself, but he soon abandoned this idea. The press noticed the publication. W. J. Fox writing in \"The Monthly Repository\" of April 1833 discerned merit in the work. Allan Cunningham praised it in the \"Athenaeum\". However, it sold no copies. Some years later, probably in 1850, Dante Gabriel Rossetti came across it in the Reading Room","title":"Robert Browning"},{"id":"7044704","text":"his deceased friend, echoing Gray's narrator reading the tombstones to connect to the dead. Robert Browning relied on a similar setting to the Elegy in his pastoral poem \"Love Among the Ruins\", which describes the desire for glory and how everything ends in death. Unlike Gray, Browning adds a female figure and argues that nothing but love matters. Thomas Hardy, who had memorised Gray's poem, took the title of his fourth novel, Far from the Madding Crowd, from a line in it. In addition, many in his \"Wessex Poems and Other Verses\" (1898) contain a graveyard theme and take a","title":"Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard"},{"id":"11920973","text":"and \"Prairie Bell\" bursts into flames and explodes. Jim is rescued and returns to Gilgal to marry Kate. \"Jim Bludso\" was a poem from the Pike County Ballads of John Hay, a familiar set piece in the repertoire of elocutionists, actors and other public speakers; the Kalem Company had already made a one-reeler out of the same property in 1912. For the film, Browning fashioned his script from both \"Jim Bludso\" and another poem, \"Little Breeches.\" Much of the film's dramatic arc also came from a 1903 stage play adaptation by I.N. Morris. Hay's original poem memorialized Jim Bludso's courage","title":"Jim Bludso"},{"id":"5686694","text":"are given here; see the bottom of the page for a list of the originals. \"Claret and Tokay\" here became the first two parts of \"Nationality in Drinks\". Dramatic Romances and Lyrics Dramatic Romances and Lyrics is a collection of English poems by Robert Browning, first published in 1845 in London, as the seventh volume in a series of self-published books entitled \"Bells and Pomegranates\". Many of the original titles given by Browning to the poems in this collection, as with its predecessor \"Dramatic Lyrics\", are different from the ones he later gave them in various editions of his collected","title":"Dramatic Romances and Lyrics"},{"id":"4100029","text":"had been considering writing a long poem since around 1905, but work did not begin until May 1915 when Pound wrote to his mother that he was working on a long poem. He published the first three cantos in June, July and August 1917, in the journal \"Poetry\". In this version, the poem began as an address by the poet to Robert Browning. Pound came to believe that this narrative voice compromised the intent of his poetic vision, and these first three ur-cantos were soon abandoned and a new starting point sought. The answer was a Latin version of Homer's","title":"The Cantos"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"id\": \"3814297\",\n \"text\": \"in His heaven—All's right with the world!\\\" The town of Pippa Passes, Kentucky, is formally named after the poem thanks to a grant from the Browning Society. In the Israeli playwright Nissim Aloni play \\\"Napoleon – dead or alive!\\\" (1970) there is a character named Pippa, who acts as the secretary of the VIP department in the afterworld. Aloni refers to Browning also in his play The American Princess. Pippa Passes Pippa Passes is a verse drama by Robert Browning. It was published in 1841 as the first volume of his \\\"Bells and Pomegranates\\\" series, in a low-priced two-column edition\",\n \"title\": \"Pippa Passes\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1083324\",\n \"text\": \"the construction of a local post office and the founding of Caney Creek Junior College, which were opened in 1917 and 1923, respectively. A donation from the Browning Society led to the post office's being named after Robert Browning's \\\"Pippa Passes.\\\" In this verse drama he coined the phrase \\\"God's in His heaven, all's right with the world.\\\" (Given the U.S. Postal Service's preference for monogrammatic names, this location was known as Pippapass until 1955.) The city of Pippa Passes was incorporated by the state assembly on July 1, 1983. It is governed by a mayor elected at-large and a\",\n \"title\": \"Pippa Passes, Kentucky\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"715016\",\n \"text\": \"the United Kingdom of a notable person. Browning is now popularly known for such poems as \\\"\\\", \\\"\\\", \\\"\\\", and \\\"\\\", and also for certain famous lines: \\\"Grow old along with me!\\\" (\\\"\\\"), \\\"A man's reach should exceed his grasp\\\" and \\\"Less is more\\\" (\\\"Andrea Del Sarto\\\"), \\\"It was roses, roses all the way\\\" (\\\"The Patriot\\\"), and \\\"God's in His heaven—All's right with the world!\\\" (\\\"Pippa Passes\\\"). His critical reputation rests mainly on his dramatic monologues, in which the words not only convey setting and action but reveal the speaker's character. In a Browning monologue, unlike a soliloquy, the meaning\",\n \"title\": \"Robert Browning\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"714990\",\n \"text\": \"Robert Browning Robert Browning (7 May 1812 – 12 December 1889) was an English poet and playwright whose mastery of the dramatic monologue made him one of the foremost Victorian poets. His poems are known for their irony, characterization, dark humour, social commentary, historical settings, and challenging vocabulary and syntax. Browning's early career began promisingly, but collapsed. The long poems \\\"Pauline\\\" and \\\"Paracelsus\\\" received some acclaim, but in 1840 the difficult \\\"Sordello\\\", which was seen as wilfully obscure, brought his poetry into disrepute. His reputation took more than a decade to recover, during which time he moved away from the\",\n \"title\": \"Robert Browning\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18600354\",\n \"text\": \"'Oh, Whistle, and I'll Come to You, My Lad' \\\"'Oh, Whistle, and I'll Come to You, My Lad'\\\" is a ghost story by British writer M. R. James, included in his collection \\\"Ghost Stories of an Antiquary\\\" (1904). It is named after the poem by Robert Burns. Parkins, the protagonist, a skeptical Cambridge professor, is on holiday in the town of \\\"Burnstow\\\" (a fictionalized version of Felixstowe, Suffolk), on the southeast coast of England. While investigating a Templar ruin for a colleague, he finds a whistle with two Latin inscriptions. On one side it says \\\"Quis est iste, qui venit?\\\".\",\n \"title\": \"'Oh, Whistle, and I'll Come to You, My Lad'\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"715015\",\n \"text\": \"S. Byatt's \\\"Possession\\\" refer directly to Browning's work. Today Browning's critically most esteemed poems include the monologues \\\"Childe Roland to the Dark Tower Came\\\", \\\"Fra Lippo Lippi\\\", \\\"Andrea Del Sarto\\\", and \\\"My Last Duchess\\\". His most popular poems include \\\"Porphyria's Lover\\\", \\\"How They Brought the Good News from Ghent to Aix\\\", the diptych \\\"Meeting at Night\\\", the patriotic \\\"Home Thoughts from Abroad\\\", and the children's poem \\\"The Pied Piper of Hamelin\\\". His abortive dinner-party recital of \\\"How They Brought The Good News\\\" was recorded on an Edison wax cylinder, and is believed to be the oldest surviving recording made in\",\n \"title\": \"Robert Browning\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5686742\",\n \"text\": \"Dramatic Lyrics Dramatic Lyrics is a collection of English poems by Robert Browning, first published in 1842 as the third volume in a series of self-published books entitled \\\"Bells and Pomegranates\\\". It is most famous as the first appearance of Browning's poem \\\"The Pied Piper of Hamelin\\\", but also contains several of the poet's other best-known pieces, including \\\"My Last Duchess\\\", \\\"Soliloquy of the Spanish Cloister\\\", \\\"Porphyria's Lover\\\", and \\\"Johannes Agricola in Meditation\\\". Many of the original titles given by Browning to the poems in this collection, as with its \\\"follow-up\\\" collection \\\"Dramatic Romances and Lyrics\\\", are different from the\",\n \"title\": \"Dramatic Lyrics\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"715025\",\n \"text\": \"of poetry Browning published in his lifetime. Some individually notable poems are also listed, under the volumes in which they were published. (His only notable prose work, with the exception of his letters, is his \\\"Essay on Shelley\\\".) Robert Browning Robert Browning (7 May 1812 – 12 December 1889) was an English poet and playwright whose mastery of the dramatic monologue made him one of the foremost Victorian poets. His poems are known for their irony, characterization, dark humour, social commentary, historical settings, and challenging vocabulary and syntax. Browning's early career began promisingly, but collapsed. The long poems \\\"Pauline\\\" and\",\n \"title\": \"Robert Browning\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3814289\",\n \"text\": \"Pippa Passes Pippa Passes is a verse drama by Robert Browning. It was published in 1841 as the first volume of his \\\"Bells and Pomegranates\\\" series, in a low-priced two-column edition for sixpence and next republished in \\\"Poems\\\" in 1848, which received much more critical attention. It was dedicated to Thomas Noon Talfourd, who had recently attained fame as the author of the tragedy \\\"Ion\\\". The author described the work as \\\"the first of a series of dramatic pieces\\\". A young, blameless silk-winding girl is wandering innocently through the environs of Asolo, in her mind attributing kindness and virtue to\",\n \"title\": \"Pippa Passes\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18600357\",\n \"text\": \"Michael Hordern, and again in 2010 starring John Hurt and Sophie Thompson. Abby Howard adapted the story as a web comic. The phrase \\\"Quis est iste qui venit\\\" is also referenced in the survival horror video game \\\"\\\", written on a cabin in the town with the same name. 'Oh, Whistle, and I'll Come to You, My Lad' \\\"'Oh, Whistle, and I'll Come to You, My Lad'\\\" is a ghost story by British writer M. R. James, included in his collection \\\"Ghost Stories of an Antiquary\\\" (1904). It is named after the poem by Robert Burns. Parkins, the protagonist, a\",\n \"title\": \"'Oh, Whistle, and I'll Come to You, My Lad'\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2225200\",\n \"text\": \"the poem. Tennyson shares similar ideas in \\\"The Lady of Shalott\\\", as do other Victorian authors who contribute to the popular conversation about the artistic processes. Porphyria's Lover \\\"Porphyria's Lover\\\" is a poem by Robert Browning which was first published as \\\"Porphyria\\\" in the January 1836 issue of \\\"Monthly Repository\\\". Browning later republished it in \\\"Dramatic Lyrics\\\" (1842) paired with \\\"Johannes Agricola in Meditation\\\" under the title \\\"Madhouse Cells\\\". The poem did not receive its definitive title until 1863. \\\"Porphyria's Lover\\\" is Browning's first ever short dramatic monologue, and also the first of his poems to examine abnormal psychology. Although\",\n \"title\": \"Porphyria's Lover\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"715010\",\n \"text\": \"and the Book\\\" was his most ambitious project and is arguably his greatest work; it has been called a \\\"tour de force\\\" of dramatic poetry. Published in four parts from November 1868 to February 1869, the poem was a success both commercially and critically, and finally brought Browning the renown he had sought for nearly 40 years. The Robert Browning Society was formed in 1881 and his work was recognised as belonging within the British literary canon. In the remaining years of his life Browning travelled extensively. After a series of long poems published in the early 1870s, of which\",\n \"title\": \"Robert Browning\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6239616\",\n \"text\": \"The Hippopotamus The Hippopotamus (1994) is a comic novel by Stephen Fry. Written in part as an epistolary novel, it is largely narrated by the main character Edward \\\"Ted\\\" Wallace. Wallace is an alcoholic washed-up poet and theatre critic who, having been fired from his newspaper job, accepts a lucrative commission from his terminally ill goddaughter to investigate rumours of miracle healings at Swafford Hall, country mansion of Wallace's old friend Lord Logan. The novel's title comes from the poem of the same name by T. S. Eliot, whose first verse is quoted as the epigraph: The title draws comparisons\",\n \"title\": \"The Hippopotamus\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3535151\",\n \"text\": \"Dramatis Personae Dramatis Personae is a poetry collection by Robert Browning. It was published in 1864. Browning wrote the collection in London, where he had returned with his son after his wife's death. It was his first publication after a nine-year hiatus. During this time, Browning's reputation was fluctuating, and \\\"Dramatis Personae\\\" along with \\\"The Ring and the Book\\\", which is widely considered his greatest work, were enough to begin a critical re-evaluation of the writer. The poems in \\\"Dramatis Personae\\\" are dramatic, with a wide range of narrators. The narrator is usually in a situation that reveals to the\",\n \"title\": \"Dramatis Personae\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7906148\",\n \"text\": \"– July 11, 2007), who was three years his senior, on May 11, 1956. Humphrey died in 2007, aged 88. His other notable plays include \\\"Dear Love\\\", a love story based on the poems and letters of Robert and Elizabeth Barrett Browning; \\\"The Ides of March\\\", dealing with the actions and events surrounding the end of the Roman Empire; and \\\"The Little Black Book\\\", wherein a lawyer falls in love with girl number 134 from his little black book. His play, \\\"Look Away\\\", based on the book, \\\"Mary Todd Lincoln\\\", by Justin and Linda Levitt, is set in an insane\",\n \"title\": \"Jerome Kilty\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5686743\",\n \"text\": \"ones he later gave them in various editions of his collected works. Since this book was originally self-published in a very small edition, these poems are now always referred to by their later titles. Dramatic Lyrics Dramatic Lyrics is a collection of English poems by Robert Browning, first published in 1842 as the third volume in a series of self-published books entitled \\\"Bells and Pomegranates\\\". It is most famous as the first appearance of Browning's poem \\\"The Pied Piper of Hamelin\\\", but also contains several of the poet's other best-known pieces, including \\\"My Last Duchess\\\", \\\"Soliloquy of the Spanish Cloister\\\",\",\n \"title\": \"Dramatic Lyrics\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"715024\",\n \"text\": \"Royston, Hertfordshire, is named after Robert Browning. Browning Street in Berkeley, California, is located in an area known as Poets' Corner and is also named after him. Browning Street in Yokine, Western Australia, is named after him, in an area likewise known as Poets' Corner. Browning Street and Robert Browning School in Walworth, London, near to his birthplace in Camberwell, are named after him. Two of a group of three culs-de-sac in Little Venice, London, are named Browning Close and Robert Close after him; the third, Elizabeth Close, is named after his wife. This section lists the plays and volumes\",\n \"title\": \"Robert Browning\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"714992\",\n \"text\": \"through his writing had made contributions to Victorian social and political discourse. Unusually for a poet, societies for the study of his work were founded while he was still alive. Such Browning Societies remained common in Britain and the United States until the early 20th century. Robert Browning was born in Walworth in the parish of Camberwell, Surrey, which now forms part of the Borough of Southwark in south London. He was baptized on 14 June 1812, at Lock's Fields Independent Chapel, York Street, Walworth, the only son of Sarah Anna (née Wiedemann) and Robert Browning. His father was a\",\n \"title\": \"Robert Browning\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2225187\",\n \"text\": \"Porphyria's Lover \\\"Porphyria's Lover\\\" is a poem by Robert Browning which was first published as \\\"Porphyria\\\" in the January 1836 issue of \\\"Monthly Repository\\\". Browning later republished it in \\\"Dramatic Lyrics\\\" (1842) paired with \\\"Johannes Agricola in Meditation\\\" under the title \\\"Madhouse Cells\\\". The poem did not receive its definitive title until 1863. \\\"Porphyria's Lover\\\" is Browning's first ever short dramatic monologue, and also the first of his poems to examine abnormal psychology. Although its initial publication passed nearly unnoticed and received little critical attention in the nineteenth century, the poem is now heavily anthologised and much studied. In the\",\n \"title\": \"Porphyria's Lover\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1350809\",\n \"text\": \"reburied in individual graves in consecrated ground in Am Wehl Cemetery. The coat of arms (German: \\\"Wappen\\\") of Hamelin depicts the St. Boniface Minster, the oldest church in the city. 2018 { 72, 655' The town is famous for the folk tale of the Pied Piper of Hamelin (), a medieval story that tells of a tragedy that befell the town in the 13th century. The version written by the Brothers Grimm made it popular throughout the world; it is also the subject of well-known poems by Goethe and Robert Browning. In the summer every Sunday, the tale is performed\",\n \"title\": \"Hamelin\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4043459\",\n \"text\": \"good-hearted young soldier preparing to go to war, and in the mystery \\\"23 Paces to Baker Street\\\", in which he played a blind playwright residing in London. He returned to MGM for \\\"Slander\\\" (1956) and \\\"Action of the Tiger\\\" (1957). Baby boomers still fondly recall Johnson's appearance as the title character of the highly rated \\\"spectacular,\\\" \\\"The Pied Piper of Hamelin\\\", a musical version of Robert Browning's poem utilizing the music of Edvard Grieg. Featuring Claude Rains in his only singing and dancing role, it was shown on Tuesday, November 26, 1957 as part of NBC's week-long Thanksgiving specials. The\",\n \"title\": \"Van Johnson\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5316402\",\n \"text\": \"Childe Roland to the Dark Tower Came \\\"Childe Roland to the Dark Tower Came\\\" is a poem by English author Robert Browning, written in 1855 and first published that same year in the collection titled \\\"Men and Women\\\". The title, \\\"Childe Roland to the Dark Tower Came\\\", which forms the last words of the poem, is a line from William Shakespeare's play \\\"King Lear\\\" (\\\"ca.\\\" 1607). In the play, Gloucester's son, Edgar, lends credence to his disguise as Tom o' Bedlam by talking nonsense, of which this is a part: Child Rowland to the dark tower came,His word was still\",\n \"title\": \"Childe Roland to the Dark Tower Came\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13398087\",\n \"text\": \"How They Brought the Good News from Ghent to Aix \\\"How They Brought the Good News from Ghent to Aix\\\" is a poem by Robert Browning published in \\\"Dramatic Romances and Lyrics\\\", 1845. The poem, one of the volume's \\\"dramatic romances\\\", is a first-person narrative told, in breathless galloping meter, by one of three riders; the midnight errand is urgent—\\\"the news which alone could save Aix from her fate\\\"—but what that good news actually is never revealed. The poem is \\\"noted for its onomatopoetic effects. It describes a purely imaginary incident\\\", observed William Rose Benet. Browning himself remarked in a\",\n \"title\": \"How They Brought the Good News from Ghent to Aix\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5316403\",\n \"text\": \"'Fie, foh, and fum I smell the blood of a British man. — \\\"King Lear\\\", Act 3, scene 4 Shakespeare took inspiration from the fairy tale \\\"Childe Rowland\\\". Browning claimed that the poem came to him in a dream. Browning explores Roland's journey to the Dark Tower in 34 six line stanzas with the rhyme form A-B-B-A-A-B and iambic pentameter. It is filled with images from nightmare but the setting is given unusual reality by much fuller descriptions of the landscape than was normal for Browning at any other time in his career. In general, however, the work is one\",\n \"title\": \"Childe Roland to the Dark Tower Came\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11297328\",\n \"text\": \"the vestiges of feudal and mercantile restrictions on workers and businesses were lifted, a move of people (at least in theory) from \\\"status to contract\\\". On the other hand, a preference for \\\"laissez faire\\\" thought concealed the inequality of bargaining power in multiple contracts, particularly for employment, consumer goods and services, and tenancies. At the centre of the general law of contracts, captured in nursery rhymes like Robert Browning's \\\"Pied Piper of Hamelin\\\" in 1842, was the fabled notion that if people had promised something \\\"let us keep our promise\\\". But then, the law purported to cover every form of\",\n \"title\": \"English contract law\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3193783\",\n \"text\": \"to philosophy, ay, to life itself, than this incessant business.' The logic is clear: destruction of the Sabbath is contrary to 'life itself.' That, I suggest, is the context in which we should read the Sabbath poems that Berry has been writing for nearly the last thirty years. Berry's fiction to date consists of eight novels and fifty-one short stories (forty-three of which are collected in \\\"That Distant Land\\\", 2004 and \\\"A Place in Time\\\", 2012) which, when read as a whole, form a chronicle of the fictional small Kentucky town of Port William. Because of his long-term, ongoing exploration\",\n \"title\": \"Wendell Berry\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17599098\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"freedom of contract\\\". It was partly a sign of progress, as the vestiges of feudal and mercantile restrictions on workers and businesses were lifted, a move of people from \\\"status to contract\\\". On the other hand, a preference for \\\"laissez faire\\\" thought concealed the inequality of bargaining power in contracts of employment, consumer, and tenancy. At the centre, captured in nursery rhymes like Robert Browning's \\\"Pied Piper of Hamelin\\\" in 1842 was the fabled notion that if people had promised something \\\"let us keep our promise\\\". But then, as if everybody had the same degree of free will, a generalised\",\n \"title\": \"History of contract law\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"715001\",\n \"text\": \"wife had read the poem through and could not tell whether Sordello was a man, a city or a book. Browning's reputation began to make a partial recovery with the publication, 1841–1846, of \\\"Bells and Pomegranates\\\", a series of eight pamphlets, originally intended just to include his plays. Fortunately for Browning's career, his publisher, Moxon, persuaded him to include some \\\"dramatic lyrics\\\", some of which had already appeared in periodicals. In 1845, Browning met the poet Elizabeth Barrett, six years his elder, who lived as a semi-invalid in her father's house in Wimpole Street, London. They began regularly corresponding and\",\n \"title\": \"Robert Browning\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13799534\",\n \"text\": \"that it is typical of what those men went through. they passed through storm into calm – \\\"The worst turns to best, the bleak months end, the elements rage, and vaunting breezes that rave shall dwindle, shall change, shall become first peace out of pain, then light.\\\"\\\" [Allenby was quoting Robert Browning's poem \\\"Prospice\\\", here...] \\\"And those who have died for us have now entered into the light of heaven, and even as they stepped into heaven, the light shone, the full glory of heaven shone into their unblinking eyes, and they passed into the presence of God – Gentlemen:\",\n \"title\": \"Hamilton Road Cemetery, Deal\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5711811\",\n \"text\": \"Jocoseria Jocoseria is a collection of short poems by Robert Browning, first published in 1883. Effectively a continuation of the \\\"Dramatic Idyls\\\" series, the book was not well received by critics at the time and has continued to be considered one of the poet's least effective collections, aside from the famous prologue to the collection. The prologue, which has no official title but is usually referred to by its first line, \\\"Wanting is—what?\\\", became one of Browning's favourite short lyrics and is a standard fixture in anthologies. \\\"Jocoseria\\\"—whose title comes from a 1598 collection of jokes and anecdotes, referring to\",\n \"title\": \"Jocoseria\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"307525\",\n \"text\": \"group of persons. Examples of epic poems are Homer's \\\"Iliad\\\" and \\\"Odyssey\\\", Virgil's Aeneid, the \\\"Nibelungenlied\\\", Luís de Camões' \\\"Os Lusíadas\\\", the \\\"Cantar de Mio Cid\\\", the \\\"Epic of Gilgamesh\\\", the \\\"Mahabharata\\\", Valmiki's \\\"Ramayana\\\", Ferdowsi's \\\"Shahnama\\\", Nizami (or Nezami)'s Khamse (Five Books), and the \\\"Epic of King Gesar\\\". While the composition of epic poetry, and of long poems generally, became less common in the west after the early 20th century, some notable epics have continued to be written. Derek Walcott won a Nobel prize to a great extent on the basis of his epic, \\\"Omeros\\\". Poetry can be a powerful\",\n \"title\": \"Poetry\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11017508\",\n \"text\": \"Love Among the Ruins (poem) \\\"Love Among the Ruins\\\" is an 1855 poem by Robert Browning. It is the first poem in the collection \\\"Men and Women\\\". The poem begins: \\\"Where the quiet-coloured end of evening smiles,<br> \\\"Miles and miles<br> \\\"On the solitary pastures where our sheep<br> \\\"Half-asleep<br> \\\"Tinkle homeward thro' the twilight, stray or stop<br> \\\"As they crop---<br> \\\"Was the site once of a city great and gay,<br> \\\"(So they say)<br> \\\"Of our country's very capital, its prince<br> \\\"Ages since<br> \\\"Held his court in, gathered councils, wielding far<br> \\\"Peace or war.\\\" Browning here employs an unusual structure of rhyming\",\n \"title\": \"Love Among the Ruins (poem)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4808035\",\n \"text\": \"the poem. The story is re-told in Derek Parker's 2001 true crime book \\\"Roman Murder Mystery: The True Story of Pompilia\\\". In July 2008, a two part play adaptation of this story, set in poetry and prose by Martyn Wade and starring Anton Lesser as Browning, Roger Allam as Guido Franceschini and Louise Brealey as Pompilia, was broadcast as the BBC Radio 4 \\\"Classic Serial\\\". Abigail le Fleming produced and directed. The Ring and the Book The Ring and the Book is a long dramatic narrative poem, and, more specifically, a verse novel, of 21,000 lines, written by Robert Browning.\",\n \"title\": \"The Ring and the Book\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13610820\",\n \"text\": \"Surrounded by his exotic possessions and \\\"in the most perfect congeniality with his wife\\\", Edwards was reported to be the host of a \\\"cultivated home\\\". Two years after Alfred, Lord Tennyson, completed his \\\"Idylls of the King\\\", a poetic telling of the King Arthur legend, Edwards and George Parsons Lathrop adapted it to the stage as a drama in four acts. The result was \\\"Elaine\\\", a story of young love between Elaine of Astolat and Lancelot, fashioned with \\\"flower-like fragility\\\" and \\\"winning touches of tenderness\\\". Its first public presentation was a staged \\\"author's reading\\\" at Madison Square Theatre on 28\",\n \"title\": \"Henry Edwards (entomologist)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"715018\",\n \"text\": \"as Artist\\\", Browning is given a famously ironical assessment: \\\"He is the most Shakespearean creature since Shakespeare. If Shakespeare could sing with myriad lips, Browning could stammer through a thousand mouths. [...] Yes, Browning was great. And as what will he be remembered? As a poet? Ah, not as a poet! He will be remembered as a writer of fiction, as the most supreme writer of fiction, it may be, that we have ever had. His sense of dramatic situation was unrivalled, and, if he could not answer his own problems, he could at least put problems forth, and what\",\n \"title\": \"Robert Browning\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8455246\",\n \"text\": \"than the Middle Eastern locale he starts out from, but Kentuckys that, while appearing to share much of the \\\"real\\\" world's history, have developed in radically alternate directions due to differences in their worlds' psychological or physical properties. Finch's new home sets the pattern; it is entirely \\\"too\\\" rational, with its denizens acting solely from self-interest in a society organized on a strict patron-client basis. The regimentation extends to naming conventions: people's names are ordered surname first, given name second, and occupation last. Finch initially finds himself classed as \\\"Finch Arthur Poet\\\" — and is, indeed, a poet. Poets are,\",\n \"title\": \"The Carnelian Cube\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4751865\",\n \"text\": \"London, Connecticut. The main plot deals with the middle son, 16-year-old Richard, and his coming of age in turn-of-the-century America. \\\"Perhaps the most atypical of the author's works, the play presents a sentimental tale of youthful indiscretion in a turn-of-the-century New England town.\\\" The title derives from Quatrain XII of Edward Fitzgerald's translation of the Rubáiyát of Omar Khayyám (5th edition, 1889), one of Richard's favorite poems: Theatre Guild Producer<BR> Philip Moeller Director<BR> Robert Edmond Jones Scenic Designer<BR> CAST<BR> George M. Cohan as Nat Miller <br> Adelaide Bean as Mildred Miller <br> John Butler as Salesman <br> Ruth Chorpenning as\",\n \"title\": \"Ah, Wilderness!\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2452849\",\n \"text\": \"defied links to well-known American poetic movements and forms such as poet and literary critic Robert Peters, greatly influenced by the Victorian English poet Robert Browning’s poetic monologues, became reputable for executing his monologic personae like his Mad King Ludwig II of Bavaria into popular one-man performances. Events, like the 9/11 attacks, influenced both content of poems and the public's attention to poetry. Robert Pinsky has a special place in American poetry as he was the Poet Laureate of the United States for three terms. No other poet has been so honored. His \\\"Favorite Poem Project\\\" is unique, inviting all\",\n \"title\": \"American poetry\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2091913\",\n \"text\": \"and \\\"Spudmouth\\\" in \\\"The Merry Adventures of Robin Hood\\\" by Howard Pyle, are both based on the town. In G. A. Henty's book \\\"With Wolfe in Canada\\\" the hero James Walsham is from Sidmouth and parts of the book take place there at the beginning and end. The poet Elizabeth Barrett lived in the town from 1832 until 1835. Sidmouth has been the setting for television shows, most recently an ITV adaptation of Agatha Christie's \\\"Marple\\\" in summer 2005. It was a favourite spot for Sir John Betjeman. He chose it as the subject of the first programme of the\",\n \"title\": \"Sidmouth\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14150898\",\n \"text\": \"Red Cotton Night-Cap Country Red Cotton Night-Cap Country, or Turf and Towers (1873) is a poem in blank verse by Robert Browning. It tells a story of sexual intrigue, religious obsession and violent death in contemporary Paris and Normandy, closely based on the true story of the death, supposedly by suicide, of the jewellery heir Antoine Mellerio. \\\"Red Cotton Night-Cap Country\\\" has never been one of Browning's more popular poems, originally because of the perceived sordidness of the story, and later on grounds thus summarised by the critic C. H. Herford: The poet followed on the heels of the journalist,\",\n \"title\": \"Red Cotton Night-Cap Country\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10763913\",\n \"text\": \"with the displayed toys. The most famous resident was the poet Elizabeth Barrett, who lived at 50 Wimpole Street with her family from 1838 until 1846 when she eloped with Robert Browning. The street became famous from the play based on their courtship, \\\"The Barretts of Wimpole Street\\\". The play starred Katharine Cornell, and when she retired, she moved to E. 51st St. in New York. As she was now neighbour to two other actors who also starred in the play, the street was nicknamed \\\"Wimpole Street\\\". Virginia Woolf memorably describes Wimpole Street in \\\"\\\", beginning: \\\"It is the most\",\n \"title\": \"Wimpole Street\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1130594\",\n \"text\": \"day, four of them with music. His composition \\\"Lanquan li jorn\\\" is thought to be the model for the Minnesinger Walther von der Vogelweide's crusade song \\\"Allerest lebe ich mir werde\\\" (\\\"Palästinalied\\\"). Nineteenth-century Romanticism found his legend irresistible. It was the subject of poems by Ludwig Uhland, Heinrich Heine, Robert Browning (\\\"Rudel to the Lady of Tripoli\\\") and Giosué Carducci (\\\"Jaufré Rudel\\\"). Algernon Charles Swinburne returned several times to the story in his poetry, in \\\"The Triumph of Time\\\", \\\"The Death of Rudel\\\" and the now-lost \\\"Rudel in Paradise\\\" (also titled \\\"The Golden House\\\"). In \\\"The Triumph of Time\\\", he\",\n \"title\": \"Jaufre Rudel\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3535153\",\n \"text\": \"Browning didn't have much commercial success as a poet. The sales of this work and most notably his \\\"Collected Poems\\\" were helped by public sympathy after the death of his wife. Dramatis Personae Dramatis Personae is a poetry collection by Robert Browning. It was published in 1864. Browning wrote the collection in London, where he had returned with his son after his wife's death. It was his first publication after a nine-year hiatus. During this time, Browning's reputation was fluctuating, and \\\"Dramatis Personae\\\" along with \\\"The Ring and the Book\\\", which is widely considered his greatest work, were enough to\",\n \"title\": \"Dramatis Personae\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3814293\",\n \"text\": \"be Browning's best, but even the sentimental passages of the work had not been able to win over all Victorian critics. In Chapter XVII of the novel \\\"With Harp and Crown\\\" (1875), Walter Besant mentioned the poem, singling out \\\"The hill-side's dew-pearled!\\\" (\\\"Was there ever such a stuttering collocation of syllables to confound the reader and utterly destroy a sweet little lyric?\\\") and took the opportunity to deny Browning's future appeal: Besides the oft-quoted line \\\"God's in his Heaven/All's right with the world!\\\" above, the poem contains an error rooted in Robert Browning's unfamiliarity with vulgar slang. Right at the\",\n \"title\": \"Pippa Passes\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"740573\",\n \"text\": \"vast desert and beyond in search of the man in black. Roland meets several people along his journey, including a boy named Jake Chambers who travels with him part of the way. The novel was inspired by Robert Browning's poem \\\"Childe Roland to the Dark Tower Came\\\" (1855), which King read as a sophomore at the University of Maine. King explains that he \\\"played with the idea of trying a long romantic novel embodying the feel, if not the exact sense, of the Browning poem.\\\" King started writing this novel in 1970 on a ream of bright green paper that\",\n \"title\": \"The Dark Tower: The Gunslinger\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9674731\",\n \"text\": \"You beg a porter to collect your luggage, and he entreats you not to be uneasy, for he'll 'fix it presently:' and if you complain of indisposition, you are advised to have recourse to Doctor So-and-so, who will 'fix you' in no time.\\\" Ms. Banette explains some of the meanings. But the most interesting thing about Louisville is that everyone there seems to have their own pronouncement of the city’s name. Loo-ee-ville Lewis-ville Loo-ville Loser-ville And on and on. Miriam heads to St. Louis Is that pronounced saint lewis or saint loo-ee? Part Eight - The Delta Queen - Cairo,\",\n \"title\": \"Dickens in America\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9654680\",\n \"text\": \"the drama, Politian recites the poem \\\"The Coliseum\\\", which Poe had previously published in 1833. \\\"Politian\\\" was written in blank verse and styled after Jacobean-era tragedies. Like many of Poe's tales, \\\"Politian\\\" questions the finality of death or what happens when life is over. Politian proposes a suicide pact to an orphan named Lalage so that they can meet in the afterlife. The title character is named after a 15th-century Italian poet, scholar and teacher named Poliziano. Poe was dramatizing a murder which occurred on November 7, 1825, in Kentucky. Anna Cooke of Frankfort, Kentucky gave birth to the child\",\n \"title\": \"Politian (play)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14761282\",\n \"text\": \"animation studio Cosgrove Hall in the late 1970s and early 1980s, she did adaptations of \\\"The Talking Parcel\\\" (1978), Robert Browning's poem of \\\"The Pied Piper of Hamelin\\\" (1980) and \\\"The Wind in the Willows\\\". She also wrote six episodes for the first series of the subsequent \\\"TV series based on The Wind in the Willows\\\" which followed on from her film adaptation. Three episodes were based on chapters from Kenneth Grahame's original book that were omitted from the film adaptation and she also wrote three original stories; the other episodes were written by Cosgrove Hall's main writer at the\",\n \"title\": \"Rosemary Anne Sisson\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20320790\",\n \"text\": \"Michael's manor have reignited his sense of wonder; having written five new poems for the first time in nearly 30 years and preparing to write a sixth, a solitary Ted ushers a toast \\\"to miracles.\\\" The Hippopotamus (film) The Hippopotamus is a 2017 British film, adapted from Stephen Fry's 1994 novel of the same name. Filmed in 2015 under the direction of John Jenks, the film chronicles a poet who is summoned to his friend's country manor to investigate a series of unexplained miracles. Edward \\\"Ted\\\" Wallace (Roger Allam) is an aging, jaded writer and former poet. Having not written\",\n \"title\": \"The Hippopotamus (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2739601\",\n \"text\": \"county of Cambridgeshire. The poem takes its name from the opening line \\\"Flen, flyys and freris\\\" meaning \\\"fleas, flies and friars\\\". The famous line reads \\\"Non sunt in coeli, quia gxddbov xxkxzt pg ifmk.\\\" meaning \\\"They [the friars] are not in heaven, since ...\\\" followed by words that when decoded, taking in account the alphabet of the time (where u and v were interchangeable, as were i and j, and uu represented w), read \\\"fvccant vvivys of heli\\\", a Latin/English mix that means \\\"...they fuck the wives of Ely (a city near Cambridge).\\\" The poem also contains the lines \\\"Fratres\",\n \"title\": \"Flen flyys\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6317227\",\n \"text\": \"Leigh\\\" (1857) by Elizabeth Barrett Browning, \\\"Lucile\\\" (1860) by 'Owen Meredith' (Robert Bulwer-Lytton), and \\\"The Ring and the Book\\\" (1868-9) by Robert Browning. The form appears to have declined with Modernism, but has since the 1960s-70s undergone a remarkable revival. Vladimir Nabokov's \\\"Pale Fire\\\" (1962) takes the form of a 999-line poem four cantos, though the plot of the novel unfolds in the commentary. Of particular note, Vikram Seth's \\\"The Golden Gate\\\" (1986) was a surprise bestseller, and Derek Walcott's \\\"Omeros\\\" (1990) a more predictable success. The form has been particularly popular in the Caribbean, with work since 1980 by\",\n \"title\": \"Verse novel\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2332099\",\n \"text\": \"from these banker landowners; Biddulph was later ennobled. Ledbury was home to poet Elizabeth Barrett Browning, who spent her childhood at Hope End. It is also the birthplace of poet laureate John Masefield, after whom the local secondary school is named. William Wordsworth's 1835 sonnet \\\"St. Catherine of Ledbury\\\", concerning a local anchoress called Katherine, begins \\\"When ... Ledbury bells broke forth in concert\\\". In 1901 St. Katharine's priest was Charles Madison Green, whose wife, Ella, was the eldest sister of author H. Rider Haggard. During the twentieth century the population stabilised, hardly growing at all to the Census of\",\n \"title\": \"Ledbury\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11017511\",\n \"text\": \"The poem is quoted by the character Rupert Birkin in \\\"Women in Love\\\", a novel by D. H. Lawrence. The title of the poem is also made the title of a novella by the British satirist Evelyn Waugh. Love Among the Ruins (poem) \\\"Love Among the Ruins\\\" is an 1855 poem by Robert Browning. It is the first poem in the collection \\\"Men and Women\\\". The poem begins: \\\"Where the quiet-coloured end of evening smiles,<br> \\\"Miles and miles<br> \\\"On the solitary pastures where our sheep<br> \\\"Half-asleep<br> \\\"Tinkle homeward thro' the twilight, stray or stop<br> \\\"As they crop---<br> \\\"Was the site\",\n \"title\": \"Love Among the Ruins (poem)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5981411\",\n \"text\": \"as well as the human presence on Turquoise. In the end, Naqi takes a final swim in the ocean, and joins her sister in the Juggler collective. \\\"Diamond Dogs\\\" (1974) is an album by David Bowie. \\\"Turquoise Days\\\" is a song on the album \\\"Heaven Up Here\\\" (1981) by Echo and the Bunnymen. The character Roland Childe and his obsession with the spire are references to Robert Browning's poem \\\"Childe Roland to the Dark Tower Came\\\". During their hibernated sleep on the way to the planet, the characters in \\\"Diamond Dogs\\\" share dreams which reference the novel \\\"Rogue Moon\\\" by\",\n \"title\": \"Diamond Dogs, Turquoise Days\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20440702\",\n \"text\": \"Synagogue and the Jewess;\\\" a poem in honor of Sir Moses Montefiore; \\\"The Influence of Faith;\\\" \\\"Hebrew Women;\\\" \\\"Jewish Working Girls ;\\\" studies of Robert Browning's poems, among them \\\"Rabbi Ben Ezra,\\\" \\\"Saul,\\\" and \\\" Jochanan Ha Kadosh\\\" (the Holy); \\\"Miss Hattie;\\\" \\\"A Book That Has Helped Me,\\\" being a review of \\\"The Story of Avis\\\", by Elizabeth Stuart Phelps; and a paper on Emma Lazarus's writings. At the Hebrew Women's Congress, held in Chicago during the World's Columbian Exhibition, in 1893, Cohen read her paper on \\\"The Influence of the Jewish Religion on the Home;\\\" and another, on \\\"What\",\n \"title\": \"Mary M. Cohen\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15152720\",\n \"text\": \"Lord Judge, opened on 22 June 2012. One of the arguments made by Chambers' barrister for this last appeal, John Cooper QC, was that if the tweet was \\\"menacing\\\" so was John Betjeman's poem, \\\"Slough\\\", pleading \\\"Come, friendly bombs, and fall on Slough!\\\". He also asked whether Shakespeare would have been prosecuted if he had tweeted his line from \\\"Henry VI, Part 2\\\" (Act IV, Scene 2), \\\"The first thing we do, let's kill all the lawyers\\\". The latter reputedly drew laughter from the judges. On 27 June, the judges announced a reserved judgement. Chambers arrived at court accompanied by\",\n \"title\": \"Twitter Joke Trial\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12535282\",\n \"text\": \"Flobots. Save the World. Get the Girl was released on 20 October 2008 in the UK. The album was produced by Peter Miles, who produced \\\"Under the Fog\\\", and Clive Langer (producer of Elvis Costello, Madness, Dexy's Midnight Runners, Morrissey). The album received positive reviews. \\\"My Boulder\\\" was released as a single on 13 October 2008 in the UK. Zane Lowe played this track several times on BBC Radio 1 and recommended it on air to Noel Gallagher. \\\"My Boulder\\\" includes an excerpt from a reading of the poem \\\"The Pied Piper of Hamelin\\\" by Robert Browning. Other tracks from\",\n \"title\": \"The King Blues\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4874786\",\n \"text\": \"filmmaking was only temporary. \\\"Doing something once in a while, like \\\"The Mirror Crack'd,\\\" is fine and it makes me feel like Cinderella at the ball. But as a steady diet - no way.\\\" The title - shortened from the one used for Christie's book - is part of a line from \\\"The Lady of Shalott\\\" by the English poet Alfred, Lord Tennyson: Biographers theorise that Christie used an incident in the real-life of American film star Gene Tierney as the basis of the plot of \\\"The Mirror Crack'd from Side to Side\\\". In June 1943, while pregnant with her\",\n \"title\": \"The Mirror Crack'd\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1479813\",\n \"text\": \"a classicist whose poetry forms a link between the Augustans and Robert Browning, who much admired it. The Victorian era was a period of great political, social and economic change. The Empire recovered from the loss of the American colonies and entered a period of rapid expansion. This expansion, combined with increasing industrialisation and mechanisation, led to a prolonged period of economic growth. The Reform Act 1832 was the beginning of a process that would eventually lead to universal suffrage. The major Victorian poets were John Clare, Alfred, Lord Tennyson, Robert Browning, Elizabeth Barrett Browning, Matthew Arnold and Gerard Manley\",\n \"title\": \"English poetry\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"714998\",\n \"text\": \"of the British Museum and wrote to Browning, then in Florence to ask if he was the author. John Stuart Mill, however, wrote that the author suffered from an \\\"intense and morbid self-consciousness\\\". Later Browning was rather embarrassed by the work, and only included it in his collected poems of 1868 after making substantial changes and adding a preface in which he asked for indulgence for a boyish work. In 1834, he accompanied the Chevalier George de Benkhausen, the Russian consul-general, on a brief visit to St Petersburg and began \\\"Paracelsus\\\", which was published in 1835. The subject of the\",\n \"title\": \"Robert Browning\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17622140\",\n \"text\": \"an example of syllable rhyme. Eliot employs forced rhyme (also called \\\"oblique rhyme\\\") on \\\"peace\\\" and \\\"ease\\\" (lines 8 and 11), and eye rhyme on \\\"home\\\" and \\\"come\\\" (lines 14 and 15). \\\"A Song for Simeon\\\" is structured as a first-person dramatic monologue spoken by Simeon. Eliot's style of monologue used in the poem (and in many of his works) draws heavily from the influence of English Victorian poet Robert Browning (1812–1889). Literary scholar Martin Scofield directly identifies Simeon's recitation as \\\"the voice of the Browningesque dramatic monologue\\\" and characterises Eliot's use of Simeon as a speaker as a \\\"mask\",\n \"title\": \"A Song for Simeon\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13719048\",\n \"text\": \"Blake's \\\"The Tiger\\\" and Rudyard Kipling's \\\"A Smuggler's Song\\\": \\\"Five and twenty ponies, Trotting through the dark\\\". Though agreeing that the metre is \\\"almost indispensable for comic purposes\\\", the editors also selected serious examples, by among others Matthew Prior, Isaac Watts and Robert Browning – \\\"The Lost Leader\\\": \\\"Just for a handful of silver he left us, Just for a riband to stick in his coat\\\". Nonetheless the poet most represented in this section is Edward Lear, with \\\"The Owl and the Pussy-Cat\\\", \\\"The Quangle Wangle's Hat\\\" and \\\"How Pleasant to Know Mr Lear\\\". In their introduction to this section,\",\n \"title\": \"An Eton Poetry Book\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6718153\",\n \"text\": \"to the training area. Three British schools, two primary one being William Wordsworth School named after the poet who wrote a poem about daffodils, and the other Robert Browning School, named after the writer who wrote the Pied Piper story set in Hamelin (Hameln), and one middle school called John Buchan Middle School, exist to educate the children of the British families resident in the area. When the children reach year 9 they go on to Kings School in Gütersloh which is about 45 minutes away. There is also a primary school, a Catholic and a civic kindergarten for the\",\n \"title\": \"Sennelager\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20320782\",\n \"text\": \"The Hippopotamus (film) The Hippopotamus is a 2017 British film, adapted from Stephen Fry's 1994 novel of the same name. Filmed in 2015 under the direction of John Jenks, the film chronicles a poet who is summoned to his friend's country manor to investigate a series of unexplained miracles. Edward \\\"Ted\\\" Wallace (Roger Allam) is an aging, jaded writer and former poet. Having not written a poem since 1987, he is stuck writing reviews of small-time plays, wallowing in his bath, and compulsively drinking. After a dispute at a poorly-performed play leads to him being fired from his position as\",\n \"title\": \"The Hippopotamus (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8609433\",\n \"text\": \"In ...;\\\" \\\"Travelling [sic] Through Your Country;\\\" \\\"Propeller Sleep;\\\" \\\"Fish & Swimmers & Lonely Birds ...;\\\" \\\"Spaces are Death;\\\" \\\"The Second Moment;\\\" \\\"The Third Moment;\\\" \\\"Perpetual Motions;\\\" \\\"Leaving Your Country;\\\" \\\"The Old Know By Midsummer;\\\" and \\\"Abortion.\\\" Group 3: \\\"Written Before Easter in New York;\\\" \\\"Chronicle;\\\" \\\"Tracks;\\\" \\\"On The Winter Solstice;\\\" \\\"Blossom;\\\" \\\"Hudson Ice Floes;\\\" \\\"Poor Mouse;\\\" \\\"Sky;\\\" and \\\"March Wind.\\\" Group 4: The play, \\\"One, Two Cups.\\\" Random Possession was published by I. Reed Books in 1982. On the contents page the poems are separated spatially into five unnumbered groups (with only the first three listed on the contents\",\n \"title\": \"Mei-mei Berssenbrugge\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3144220\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Properzia Rossi\\\" are all exemplars of this technique. Algernon Charles Swinburne's \\\"Hymn to Proserpine\\\" has been called a dramatic monologue vaguely reminiscent of Browning's work. Some American poets have also written poems in the genre- famous examples include Edgar Allan Poe's The Raven and Sylvia Plath's Daddy. Post-Victorian examples include William Butler Yeats's \\\"The Gift of Harun al-Rashid\\\", Elizabeth Bishop's \\\"Crusoe in England\\\", and T.S. Eliot's \\\"The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock\\\" and \\\"Gerontion\\\". Dramatic monologue Dramatic monologue, also known as a persona poem, is a type of poetry written in the form of a speech of an individual\",\n \"title\": \"Dramatic monologue\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"715000\",\n \"text\": \"one of which was not performed, while the other failed, Browning having fallen out with Macready. In 1838, he visited Italy looking for background for \\\"Sordello\\\", a long poem in heroic couplets, presented as the imaginary biography of the Mantuan bard spoken of by Dante in the Divine Comedy, canto 6 of Purgatory, set against a background of hate and conflict during the Guelph-Ghibelline wars. This was published in 1840 and met with widespread derision, gaining him the reputation of wanton carelessness and obscurity. Tennyson commented that he only understood the first and last lines and Carlyle wrote that his\",\n \"title\": \"Robert Browning\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12737945\",\n \"text\": \"Comin' Thro' the Rye \\\"Comin' Thro' the Rye\\\" is a poem written in 1782 by Robert Burns (1759–96). The words are put to the melody of the Scottish Minstrel \\\"Common' Frae The Town\\\". This is a variant of the tune to which \\\"Auld Lang Syne\\\" is usually sung—the melodic shape is almost identical, the difference lying in the tempo and rhythm. G. W. Napier, in an 1876 \\\"Notes and Queries\\\", wrote that, The protagonist, \\\"Jenny\\\", is not further identified, but there has been reference to a \\\"Jenny from Dalry\\\" and a longstanding legend in the Drakemyre suburb of the town\",\n \"title\": \"Comin' Thro' the Rye\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9220753\",\n \"text\": \"to ITV television. For Radio 4, she has written a number of comedy series (which pay unusual attention to music and sound-effects): \\\"The Wordsmiths at Gorsemere\\\" (a pastiche of the poet William Wordsworth and his circle at Grasmere, two series), \\\"The Sit Crom\\\" (set in the English Civil War), \\\"Four Joneses and a Jenkins\\\" (a reference to \\\"Four Weddings and a Funeral\\\"); \\\"Alison and Maud\\\"; and most recently \\\"Gloomsbury\\\", \\\"a rhapsody about bohemians\\\", about members of the Bloomsbury Group and starring Miriam Margolyes and Alison Steadman. Other works include \\\"Growing Pains\\\" (a documentary about ageing), \\\"Hilaire Belloc\\\", \\\"Cities\\\" (six programmes\",\n \"title\": \"Sue Limb\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6239617\",\n \"text\": \"between the animal as described in the poem and the main character, Ted Wallace, a slovenly man who enjoys long baths. (Hence cover designs picturing an actual hippopotamus or Fry himself in a bathtub.) The title and epigraph imply as well one of the novel's themes: the practicality of poetry and how that helps Wallace, a poet, regard the \\\"miracles\\\" in the story with a sceptical eye. The \\\"hippo\\\" of the title (occasionally referred to as \\\"the happy hippo\\\" and given to wallowing in long baths) is Edward (Ted/Tedward) Lennox Wallace, an aging, lecherous, one-time hell-raising poet, reduced by diminishing\",\n \"title\": \"The Hippopotamus\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1480072\",\n \"text\": \"1930s W. H. Auden and Christopher Isherwood co-authored verse dramas, of which The Ascent of F6 (1936) is the most notable, that owed much to Bertolt Brecht. T. S. Eliot had begun this attempt to revive poetic drama with \\\"Sweeney Agonistes\\\" in 1932, and this was followed by \\\"The Rock\\\" (1934), \\\"Murder in the Cathedral\\\" (1935) and \\\"The Family Reunion\\\" (1939). There were three further plays after the war. An important cultural movement in the British theatre which developed in the late 1950s and early 1960s was Kitchen sink realism (or \\\"kitchen sink drama\\\"), a term coined to describe art\",\n \"title\": \"English drama\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1621644\",\n \"text\": \"me.\\\" The opening of another Dickinson poem toys with her position as a woman in a male-dominated society and an unrecognized poet: \\\"I'm nobody! Who are you? / Are you nobody too?\\\" American poetry arguably reached its peak in the early-to-mid-20th century, with such noted writers as Wallace Stevens and his \\\"Harmonium\\\" (1923) and \\\"The Auroras of Autumn\\\" (1950), T. S. Eliot and his \\\"The Waste Land\\\" (1922), Robert Frost and his \\\"North of Boston\\\" (1914) and \\\"New Hampshire\\\" (1923), Hart Crane and his \\\"White Buildings\\\" (1926) and the epic cycle, \\\"The Bridge\\\" (1930), Ezra Pound, William Carlos Williams and\",\n \"title\": \"American literature\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6521315\",\n \"text\": \"party, well then, I might ferget America,\\\"). He also told traditional, humorous Southern stories, the most notable among these being \\\"The Motorcycle Story\\\", \\\"When John Gets Here\\\" (also called \\\"The Haunted House\\\"), and his version of Shakespeare's \\\"Julius Caesar\\\" as set in Rome, Georgia. Brother Dave got a good deal of comic mileage from his boosting of all things Southern, making him a latter-day version of Kenny Delmar's \\\"Senator Claghorn\\\" on Fred Allen's classic radio show. He smoked cigarettes during his routines, describing them as \\\"a Southern product,\\\" and declaring \\\"I like cigarettes - I'd smoke chains if I could\",\n \"title\": \"Brother Dave Gardner\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8645305\",\n \"text\": \"Piano di Sorrento Piano di Sorrento () is a \\\"comune\\\" (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Naples in the Italian region Campania, located about southeast of Naples. Piano di Sorrento borders the following municipalities: Meta, Sant'Agnello, Vico Equense. Victorian poet Robert Browning sojourned in the area and mentions the countryside of Piano and other localities of the Surrentine peninsula in the poem \\\"The Englishman in Italy\\\". In the nineteenth century, Piano di Sorrento's economy was based mainly on fishing, agriculture and shipbuilding activities. At the beginning of the twentieth century, Piano di Sorrento encountered socio-economic mutation which will - given\",\n \"title\": \"Piano di Sorrento\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4074883\",\n \"text\": \"Caliban upon Setebos Caliban upon Setebos is a poem written by the British poet Robert Browning and published in his 1864 \\\"Dramatis Personae\\\" collection. It deals with Caliban, a character from Shakespeare's \\\"The Tempest\\\", and his reflections on Setebos, the brutal god he believes in. Some scholars see Browning as being of the belief that God is in the eye of the beholder, and this is emphasized by a barbaric character believing in a barbaric god. An offshoot of this interpretation is the argument that Browning is applying evolutionary theory to religious development. Others feel that he was satirizing theologians\",\n \"title\": \"Caliban upon Setebos\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1458787\",\n \"text\": \"notation for the many satisfying and variable rhythms of language. Slavish adherence to meter produces doggerel. Skillful poets structure their poems around a meter and line length, and then depart from it and play against it as needed in order to create effect, as Robert Browning does in the first line of \\\"My Last Duchess\\\": The opening spondees, which throw the iambic line out of pattern, gives the Duke's words a certain virulent energy: he's spitting the words out. Gerard Manley Hopkins took this idea of poetric energy through departure from meter to its extreme, with his theory and practice\",\n \"title\": \"Poetry analysis\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"715011\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Balaustion's Adventure\\\" and \\\"Red Cotton Night-Cap Country\\\" were the best-received, the volume \\\"Pacchiarotto, and How He Worked in Distemper\\\" included an attack against Browning's critics, especially Alfred Austin, who was later to become Poet Laureate. According to some reports Browning became romantically involved with Louisa Caroline Stewart-Mackenzie, Lady Ashburton, but he refused her proposal of marriage, and did not remarry. In 1878, he revisited Italy for the first time in the seventeen years since Elizabeth's death, and returned there on several further occasions. In 1887, Browning produced the major work of his later years, \\\"Parleyings with Certain People of Importance\",\n \"title\": \"Robert Browning\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15100866\",\n \"text\": \"The Battle of Marathon: A Poem The Battle of Marathon is a rhymed, dramatic, narrative-poem by Elizabeth Barrett (later Browning). Written in 1820, when Barrett was just 14, it retells powerfully The Battle of Marathon: during which the Athenian state defeated the much larger invading force during the first Persian invasion of Greece. When Darius the Great orders his immense army march west to annex additional territories; no-one in the Persian court predicted that some fractious, independent Greek city-states stood any chance against the Persian super-power. And yet at Marathon in 490BC, Darius' plans received a decisive check in the\",\n \"title\": \"The Battle of Marathon: A Poem\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"215605\",\n \"text\": \"also derived from Milton's writings. Examples include Thomas Wolfe's \\\"Look Homeward, Angel\\\", Aldous Huxley's \\\"Eyeless in Gaza\\\", Arthur Koestler's \\\"Darkness at Noon\\\", and William Golding's \\\"Darkness Visible\\\". T. S. Eliot believed that \\\"of no other poet is it so difficult to consider the poetry simply as poetry, without our theological and political dispositions... making unlawful entry\\\". Milton's use of blank verse, in addition to his stylistic innovations (such as grandiloquence of voice and vision, peculiar diction and phraseology) influenced later poets. At the time, poetic blank verse was considered distinct from its use in verse drama, and \\\"Paradise Lost\\\" was\",\n \"title\": \"John Milton\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17183973\",\n \"text\": \"King Victor and King Charles King Victor and King Charles was the second play written by Robert Browning for the stage. He completed it in 1839 for William Macready, who had staged \\\"Strafford\\\" two years before, but Macready rejected it as unsuitable and it was never performed. It was published in 1842 as the second number of \\\"Bells and Pomegranates\\\". The subject of the play is the strange incident in 1730–32 in the Kingdom of Sardinia in which the elderly king, Victor Amadeus II, first abdicated in favour of his son Charles Emmanuel III, and then after months of ever-increasing\",\n \"title\": \"King Victor and King Charles\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"688130\",\n \"text\": \"been recorded by Christie Purcell (1952), Mary Delaney on \\\"From Puck to Appleby\\\" (2003), and the Dubliners on \\\"Double Dubliners\\\" (1972) among others. Robert Burns dedicated a poem to the Louse, inspired by witnessing one on a lady's bonnet in church: \\\"Ye ugly, creepin, blastid wonner, Detested, shunn'd, by saint and sinner, How dare ye set your fit upon her, sae fine lady! Gae somewhere else, and seek your dinner on some poor body.\\\" John Milton in \\\"Paradise Lost\\\" mentioned the biblical plague of lice visited upon pharaoh: \\\"Frogs, lice, and flies must all his palace fill with loathed intrusion,\",\n \"title\": \"Louse\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19326448\",\n \"text\": \"was one of the best known of Forster's biographies in 2016. \\\"Elizabeth Barrett Browning\\\" is the first full biography of the poet to be published since Gardner Taplin's life of 1957, and reviews substantial material uncovered during the intervening thirty years, including letters, diaries, papers and juvenilia collected by Philip Kelley and others. Forster draws on the new material to expand on Barrett Browning's life before she met Robert Browning in 1845, at the age of almost forty. She stresses the importance of Barrett Browning's rural childhood at Hope End in Herefordshire, and discusses the nature of her mysterious childhood\",\n \"title\": \"Elizabeth Barrett Browning: A Biography\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"714991\",\n \"text\": \"Shelleyan forms of his early period and developed a more personal style. In 1846, Browning married the older poet Elizabeth Barrett, and went to live in Italy. By the time of her death in 1861, he had published the crucial collection \\\"Men and Women\\\". The collection \\\"Dramatis Personae\\\" and the book-length epic poem \\\"The Ring and the Book\\\" followed, and made him a leading British poet. He continued to write prolifically, but his reputation today rests largely on the poetry he wrote in this middle period. When Browning died in 1889, he was regarded as a sage and philosopher-poet who\",\n \"title\": \"Robert Browning\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14588505\",\n \"text\": \"revive their marriage, but it was short-lived. Browning sold Ca' Rezzonico in 1906 and thereafter divided his time between two other homes in Italy, the Torre all' Antella, near Florence, and Asolo, a location closely associated with his father, who set his poem \\\"Pippa Passes\\\" there and wrote his last book, \\\"Asolando\\\" while living there. Browning grew old contentedly, despite failing eyesight. In May 1912, a street in Asolo was named \\\"Via Browning\\\" in honour of his father's centenary, and Browning, who was unwell, left his bed to attend the celebration. It was his last public appearance. On 8 July\",\n \"title\": \"Robert Barrett Browning\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13908346\",\n \"text\": \"Shakespeare, Walt Whitman, William Wordsworth, W.B. Yeats, Alfred, Lord Tennyson, Robert Browning, Dante, Robert Burns, Matthew Arnold, Dante Gabriel Rossetti and Henrik Ibsen. \\\"The Poets' Corner\\\" was republished in 1943 as a King Penguin publication with an introduction by John Rothenstein and expanded to twenty-four colour illustrations. The Poets' Corner The Poets' Corner is a book of twenty caricatures by English caricaturist, essayist and parodist Max Beerbohm. It was published in 1904 by William Heinemann, and was Beerbohm's second book of caricatures, the first being \\\"Caricatures of Twenty-five Gentlemen\\\" (1896). Named after Poets' Corner, the name traditionally given to a\",\n \"title\": \"The Poets' Corner\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14950407\",\n \"text\": \"Last Duchess'. On a third interpretation, the ambiguity between these two readings is the poem's major attribute. Count Gismond \\\"Count Gismond\\\" is a poem by Robert Browning, frequently anthologised as an example of the dramatic monologue. It first appeared in 1842 in Browning's \\\"Dramatic Lyrics\\\", where it was known simply as \\\"France\\\". The poem is written in 21 verses. \\\"Count Gismond: Aix in Provence\\\" may, on one reading, be seen as a story of the vindication of innocence. A woman relates to a friend an episode of her own life, when a defender arose for her when she was caught\",\n \"title\": \"Count Gismond\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14481090\",\n \"text\": \"is frequently alluded to by Horace Rumpole. The lines \\\"We that had loved him so, followed him, honoured him, / ... / Made him our pattern to live and to die!\\\" are framed as the deciding quiz bowl question in Nan Willard Kappo's \\\"Cheating Lessons\\\", published in 2002. An excerpt of the poem is featured in Cassandra Clare's \\\"Clockwork Angel\\\" published in 2010. Different approaches to the poem—personal idiosyncratic approaches and those informed by historical context or metrical structure—are discussed as an introduction to \\\"cognitive poetics\\\". The Lost Leader (poem) The Lost Leader is an 1845 poem by Robert Browning\",\n \"title\": \"The Lost Leader (poem)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8520688\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Carnac,\\\" \\\"Disillusion,\\\" \\\"Ghost Ships,\\\" \\\"Jewels,\\\" \\\"Leaves,\\\" \\\"Mother and Son,\\\" \\\"Preferences,\\\" \\\"Tehuantepec,\\\" \\\"Teotihuacán,\\\" \\\"The Elephant,\\\" \\\"The Hippopotamus,\\\" \\\"The Home of the Gods,\\\" \\\"The Indian Rhinoceros,\\\" \\\"The Iron Pillar of Delhi,\\\" \\\"The Lizards of Tula,\\\" \\\"The Mantis,\\\" \\\"The Newt,\\\" \\\"The Old-Fashioned Lover,\\\" \\\"The Olmec,\\\" \\\"The Other Baghdad,\\\" \\\"The Reaper,\\\" \\\"The Saviors,\\\" \\\"The Trap,\\\" \\\"Thoth-Amon's Complaint,\\\" \\\"Tiger in the Rain,\\\" and \\\"Xeroxing the Necomonicon\\\" are shared with \\\"Phantoms and Fancies\\\" only. The remaining poems are common to all three collections. Heroes and Hobgoblins Heroes and Hobgoblins is a 1981 collection of poetry by science fiction and fantasy author L. Sprague de Camp, illustrated\",\n \"title\": \"Heroes and Hobgoblins\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"715021\",\n \"text\": \"Anthony Burgess wrote: \\\"We all want to like Browning, but we find it very hard.\\\" Gerard Manley Hopkins and George Santayana were also critical. The latter expressed his views in the essay \\\"The Poetry of Barbarism,\\\" which attacks Browning and Walt Whitman for what he regarded as their embrace of irrationality. In 1914 American modernist composer Charles Ives created the Robert Browning Overture, a dense and darkly dramatic piece with gloomy overtones reminiscent of the Second Viennese School. In 1930 the story of Browning and his wife was made into the play \\\"The Barretts of Wimpole Street\\\", by Rudolph Besier.\",\n \"title\": \"Robert Browning\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9462756\",\n \"text\": \"for Crowley as it was the first to refer to himself as \\\"The Beast\\\" without any reticence as regards his critics, and the cover daringly had \\\"Aleister Crowley = 666\\\" written in Hebrew. It was basically a work based on Robert Browning's \\\"Christmas-Eve and Easter-Day\\\" and itself contained two long, likewise-colloquial poems called \\\"Ascension Day\\\" and \\\"Pentacoste\\\", both quite anarchic and unreadable because of the constant use of neologisms, disenjambment and punctuation, the poems really set way by means of hundreds of footnotes for collected prose witticisms in the back (even the line-numbering, going up naturally in five, cheekily missed\",\n \"title\": \"Collected Works of Aleister Crowley 1905-1907\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17073986\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Black or White\\\" was inspired by the 1925 poem \\\"The Hollow Men\\\" by British poet T. S. Eliot. Talking to \\\"The Observer\\\" in 1976, Harley revealed that T. S. Eliot was a big hero to him, and that he nicked the form of \\\"The Hollow Men\\\" for the song. \\\"Black or White\\\" was released by EMI Records on 7\\\" vinyl in the UK, the Netherlands, Belgium, Germany, Italy and Japan. In the UK, a promotional demo/DJ copy was also issued by EMI. The Japanese edition of the single, unlike the other countries, was promotional only. The B-Side was \\\"Mad, Mad\",\n \"title\": \"Black or White (Steve Harley & Cockney Rebel song)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12737948\",\n \"text\": \"Salinger comes from the poem's name. Holden Caulfield, the protagonist, misinterprets a part of this poem to mean \\\"if a body catch a body\\\" rather than \\\"if a body meet a body.\\\" He keeps picturing children playing in a field of rye near the edge of a cliff, and him catching them when they start to fall off. Comin' Thro' the Rye \\\"Comin' Thro' the Rye\\\" is a poem written in 1782 by Robert Burns (1759–96). The words are put to the melody of the Scottish Minstrel \\\"Common' Frae The Town\\\". This is a variant of the tune to which\",\n \"title\": \"Comin' Thro' the Rye\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11825260\",\n \"text\": \"is a 501(c)(3) not-for-profit organization. \\\"Wuthering Heights\\\", \\\"A Female Philoctetes\\\", \\\"Twelfth Night\\\", \\\"Fahrenheit 451\\\", \\\"Herakles\\\", \\\"Cyrano de Bergerac\\\", \\\"Taming Of The Shrew\\\", \\\"Macbeth\\\", \\\"The Importance Of Being Earnest\\\", \\\"Six Characters In Search Of An Author\\\", \\\"A Midsummer Night's Dream\\\", \\\"As You Like It\\\", \\\"An Enemy Of The People\\\", \\\"The Iliad\\\", \\\"The Comedy of Errors\\\", \\\"Catch-22\\\", \\\"Julius Caesar\\\", \\\"Prometheus Bound\\\" with David Oyelowo, \\\"Romeo & Juliet\\\", \\\"The Canterbury Tales\\\", \\\"Much Ado About Nothing\\\", \\\"Hamlet\\\", \\\"The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll & Mr. Hyde\\\", H G Wells' \\\"The Invisible Man\\\", with choreographer Doug Varone, \\\"Twelfth Night\\\", \\\"A Very Naughty Greek Play\\\", \\\"Oedipus\",\n \"title\": \"Aquila Theatre\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4911713\",\n \"text\": \"to 2012 on BBC Radio 4. In 2005 \\\"Time Magazine\\\" included the novel in its list of \\\"100 Best English-language Novels from 1923 to 2005\\\". In 2003 the novel was listed on the BBC's survey The Big Read. The novel concerns the relationship between two fictional Victorian poets, Randolph Henry Ash (whose life and work are loosely based on those of the English poet Robert Browning, or Alfred, Lord Tennyson, whose work is more consonant with the themes expressed by Ash, as well as Tennyson's having been poet-laureate to Queen Victoria) and Christabel LaMotte (based on Christina Rossetti), as uncovered\",\n \"title\": \"Possession (Byatt novel)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"121187\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Silappatikaram\\\", the Persian \\\"Shahnameh\\\", the Ancient Greek \\\"Odyssey\\\" and \\\"Iliad\\\", Virgil's \\\"Aeneid\\\", the Old English \\\"Beowulf\\\", Dante's \\\"Divine Comedy\\\", the Finnish \\\"Kalevala\\\", the German \\\"Nibelungenlied\\\", the French \\\"Song of Roland\\\", the Spanish \\\"Cantar de mio Cid\\\", Camões' Os \\\"Lusíadas\\\", John Milton's \\\"Paradise Lost\\\", and Adam Mickiewicz's \\\"Pan Tadeusz\\\". The first epics were products of preliterate societies and oral history poetic traditions. Oral tradition was used alongside written scriptures to communicate and facilitate the spread culture. In these traditions, poetry is transmitted to the audience and from performer to performer by purely oral means. Early twentieth-century study of living oral epic\",\n \"title\": \"Epic poetry\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"714997\",\n \"text\": \"of the author, Robert Browning, who received the money from his aunt, Mrs Silverthorne. It is a long poem composed in homage to Shelley and somewhat in his style. Originally Browning considered \\\"Pauline\\\" as the first of a series written by different aspects of himself, but he soon abandoned this idea. The press noticed the publication. W. J. Fox writing in \\\"The Monthly Repository\\\" of April 1833 discerned merit in the work. Allan Cunningham praised it in the \\\"Athenaeum\\\". However, it sold no copies. Some years later, probably in 1850, Dante Gabriel Rossetti came across it in the Reading Room\",\n \"title\": \"Robert Browning\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7044704\",\n \"text\": \"his deceased friend, echoing Gray's narrator reading the tombstones to connect to the dead. Robert Browning relied on a similar setting to the Elegy in his pastoral poem \\\"Love Among the Ruins\\\", which describes the desire for glory and how everything ends in death. Unlike Gray, Browning adds a female figure and argues that nothing but love matters. Thomas Hardy, who had memorised Gray's poem, took the title of his fourth novel, Far from the Madding Crowd, from a line in it. In addition, many in his \\\"Wessex Poems and Other Verses\\\" (1898) contain a graveyard theme and take a\",\n \"title\": \"Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11920973\",\n \"text\": \"and \\\"Prairie Bell\\\" bursts into flames and explodes. Jim is rescued and returns to Gilgal to marry Kate. \\\"Jim Bludso\\\" was a poem from the Pike County Ballads of John Hay, a familiar set piece in the repertoire of elocutionists, actors and other public speakers; the Kalem Company had already made a one-reeler out of the same property in 1912. For the film, Browning fashioned his script from both \\\"Jim Bludso\\\" and another poem, \\\"Little Breeches.\\\" Much of the film's dramatic arc also came from a 1903 stage play adaptation by I.N. Morris. Hay's original poem memorialized Jim Bludso's courage\",\n \"title\": \"Jim Bludso\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5686694\",\n \"text\": \"are given here; see the bottom of the page for a list of the originals. \\\"Claret and Tokay\\\" here became the first two parts of \\\"Nationality in Drinks\\\". Dramatic Romances and Lyrics Dramatic Romances and Lyrics is a collection of English poems by Robert Browning, first published in 1845 in London, as the seventh volume in a series of self-published books entitled \\\"Bells and Pomegranates\\\". Many of the original titles given by Browning to the poems in this collection, as with its predecessor \\\"Dramatic Lyrics\\\", are different from the ones he later gave them in various editions of his collected\",\n \"title\": \"Dramatic Romances and Lyrics\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4100029\",\n \"text\": \"had been considering writing a long poem since around 1905, but work did not begin until May 1915 when Pound wrote to his mother that he was working on a long poem. He published the first three cantos in June, July and August 1917, in the journal \\\"Poetry\\\". In this version, the poem began as an address by the poet to Robert Browning. Pound came to believe that this narrative voice compromised the intent of his poetic vision, and these first three ur-cantos were soon abandoned and a new starting point sought. The answer was a Latin version of Homer's\",\n \"title\": \"The Cantos\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"compressed_ctxs_1":{"kind":"string","value":"{\n \"compressed_prompt\": \"Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\\n\\ntitle: Pippa Passes context: in His heaven—All's right with the world!\\\" The town of Pippa Passes, Kentucky, is formally named after the poem thanks to a grant from the Browning Society. In the Israeli playwright Nissim Aloni play \\\"Napoleon – dead or alive!\\\" (1970) there is a character named Pippa, who acts as the secretary of the VIP department in the afterworld. Aloni refers to Browning also in his play The American Princess. Pippa Passes Pippa Passes is a verse drama by Robert Browning. It was published in 1841 as the first volume of his \\\"Bells and Pomegranates\\\" series, in a low-priced two-column edition\\n\\nThe title of what poetic drama by Robert Browning was used to name a Kentucky town?\",\n \"compressed_tokens\": 213,\n \"origin_tokens\": 213,\n \"ratio\": \"1.0x\",\n \"saving\": \", Saving $0.0 in GPT-4.\"\n}"},"compressed_ctxs_100":{"kind":"string","value":"{\n \"compressed_prompt\": \"Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\\n\\ntitle: Pippa Passes context: in His heaven—All's right with the world!\\\" The town of Pippa Passes, Kentucky, is formally named after the poem thanks to a grant from the Browning Society. In the Israeli playwright Nissim Aloni play \\\"Napoleon – dead or alive!\\\" (1970) there is a character named Pippa, who acts as the secretary of the VIP department in the afterworld. Aloni refers to Browning also in his play The American Princess. Pippa Passes Pippa Passes is a verse drama by Robert Browning. It was published in 1841 as the first volume of his \\\"Bells and Pomegranates\\\" series, in a low-priced two-column edition\\n\\ntitle: Pippa Pass, context: the construction of a local post office the founding Caney Creek College, which were opened in 1917 and 192, respectively. A donation from the Browning Society led to the post office' being after Robert Browning's \\\"Pippa Pass.\\\" In this verse drama he coined the \\\"God's His all's right with the.\\\" (G the U.S. Postal Service's preference for monogrammatic names this was known asppapass until 195.) The of Pippa Passes incorporated by the state assembly July 1, 1983 It is governed by a mayor elected at- and a\\n: Pippa Passes: be Browning's, but the sentimental pass work able to Victor In of novelWith Harp and1 mentioned poem,ling hillwpearW such stutteringlocation of sy to reader and utterly destroy a sweet little\\\") opportunity den Browning's Besides the oft-quoted line \\\"God in his/s right with the world above poem contains insfamiliar vul slang Right\\n The (em): is to byace. had, / Made pattern liveapp's \\\"Cheating Lessons\\\", published in 2002. An excerpt of the poem is featured in Cassandra Clare's \\\"Clockwork Angel\\\" published in 2010. Different approaches to the poem—personal idiosyncratic approaches and those informed by historical context or metrical structure—are discussed as an introduction to \\\"cognitive poetics\\\". The Lost Leader (poem) The Lost Leader is an 1845 poem by Robert Browning\\n\\nThe title of what poetic drama by Robert Browning was used to name a Kentucky town?\",\n \"compressed_tokens\": 535,\n \"origin_tokens\": 15568,\n \"ratio\": \"29.1x\",\n \"saving\": \", Saving $0.9 in GPT-4.\"\n}"}}},{"rowIdx":296,"cells":{"id":{"kind":"number","value":296,"string":"296"},"question":{"kind":"string","value":"What were the names of the brothers Karamozov in the novel by Feodor Dostoevsky?"},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["Dmitri, Ivan, Alexei and Smerdyakov"],"string":"[\n \"Dmitri, Ivan, Alexei and Smerdyakov\"\n]","isConversational":false},"target":{"kind":"string","value":"Dmitri, Ivan, Alexei and Smerdyakov"},"ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"id":"6734468","text":"characteristics which he sought and most admired, including that of Jesus Christ. Dostoevsky is believed to have based the character of Alyosha on his friend, Vladimir Solovyov, a Russian philosopher and poet who led a generous life, to the point of giving away his clothes to people in the street. Alyosha Karamazov Alyosha Karamazov () is the protagonist in \"The Brothers Karamazov\" by Fyodor Dostoevsky. His full name is given as Alexei Fyodorovich Karamazov and he is also referred to as Alyosha, Alyoshka, Alyoshenka, Alyoshechka, Alexeichik, Lyosha, and Lyoshenka. He is the youngest of the Karamazov brothers, being nineteen years","title":"Alyosha Karamazov"},{"id":"3005721","text":"The Brothers Karamazov The Brothers Karamazov (, \"Brat'ya Karamazovy\", ), also translated as The Karamazov Brothers, is the final novel by the Russian author Fyodor Dostoevsky. Dostoevsky spent nearly two years writing \"The Brothers Karamazov\", which was published as a serial in \"The Russian Messenger\" from January 1879 to November 1880. Dostoevsky died less than four months after its publication. \"The Brothers Karamazov\" is a passionate philosophical novel set in 19th-century Russia, that enters deeply into the ethical debates of God, free will, and morality. It is a spiritual drama of moral struggles concerning faith, doubt, judgment, and reason, set","title":"The Brothers Karamazov"},{"id":"3005755","text":"Kyodai\" (2013, created by Misato Sato) is a modern retelling of the book. Footnotes Bibliography The Brothers Karamazov The Brothers Karamazov (, \"Brat'ya Karamazovy\", ), also translated as The Karamazov Brothers, is the final novel by the Russian author Fyodor Dostoevsky. Dostoevsky spent nearly two years writing \"The Brothers Karamazov\", which was published as a serial in \"The Russian Messenger\" from January 1879 to November 1880. Dostoevsky died less than four months after its publication. \"The Brothers Karamazov\" is a passionate philosophical novel set in 19th-century Russia, that enters deeply into the ethical debates of God, free will, and morality.","title":"The Brothers Karamazov"},{"id":"153515","text":"Fyodor Dostoevsky Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky (; ; 11 November 18219 February 1881), sometimes transliterated Dostoyevsky, was a Russian novelist, short story writer, essayist, journalist and philosopher. Dostoevsky's literary works explore human psychology in the troubled political, social, and spiritual atmospheres of 19th-century Russia, and engage with a variety of philosophical and religious themes. His most acclaimed works include \"Crime and Punishment\" (1866), \"The Idiot\" (1869), \"Demons\" (1872) and \"The Brothers Karamazov\" (1880). Dostoevsky's oeuvre consists of 11 novels, three novellas, 17 short stories and numerous other works. Many literary critics rate him as one of the greatest psychologists in world","title":"Fyodor Dostoevsky"},{"id":"5724398","text":"The Flying Karamazov Brothers The Flying Karamazov Brothers (FKB) are a juggling and comedy troupe who have been performing since 1973. They learned their trade performing as street artists in Santa Cruz, California. They began by busking, but have gone on to perform internationally, including on Broadway stages. The \"brothers\" take their act's name from the Fyodor Dostoevsky novel \"The Brothers Karamazov\", and draw parallels between themselves and the characters of the novel. Though they refer to themselves onstage as \"brothers\", none of them are actually blood relatives. The troupe is led by its sole remaining co-founder Paul David Magid","title":"The Flying Karamazov Brothers"},{"id":"6734464","text":"Alyosha Karamazov Alyosha Karamazov () is the protagonist in \"The Brothers Karamazov\" by Fyodor Dostoevsky. His full name is given as Alexei Fyodorovich Karamazov and he is also referred to as Alyosha, Alyoshka, Alyoshenka, Alyoshechka, Alexeichik, Lyosha, and Lyoshenka. He is the youngest of the Karamazov brothers, being nineteen years old at the start of the novel. The preface and the opening chapter proclaim him as the hero. Dostoevsky intended to write a sequel, which would detail the rest of Alyosha's life, but died shortly after the publication of \"The Brothers Karamazov\". At the outset of the story Alyosha is","title":"Alyosha Karamazov"},{"id":"3005725","text":"a personal tragedy altered the work. In May 1878, Dostoevsky's three-year-old son Alyosha died of epilepsy, a condition inherited from his father. The novelist's grief is apparent throughout the book; Dostoevsky named the hero Alyosha, as well as imbuing him with qualities which he sought and most admired. His loss is also reflected in the story of Captain Snegiryov and his young son Ilyusha. The death of his son brought Dostoevsky to the Optina Monastery later that year. There, he found inspiration for several aspects of \"The Brothers Karamazov\", though at the time he intended to write a novel about","title":"The Brothers Karamazov"},{"id":"3403344","text":"Demons (Dostoevsky novel) Demons (pre-reform Russian: ; post-reform ; sometimes also called The Possessed or The Devils) is a novel by Fyodor Dostoevsky, first published in the journal \"The Russian Messenger\" in 1871–2. It is considered one of the four masterworks written by Dostoevsky after his return from Siberian exile, along with \"Crime and Punishment\" (1866), \"The Idiot\" (1869) and \"The Brothers Karamazov\" (1880). \"Demons\" is a social and political satire, a psychological drama, and large scale tragedy. Joyce Carol Oates has described it as \"Dostoevsky's most confused and violent novel, and his most satisfactorily 'tragic' work.\" According to Ronald","title":"Demons (Dostoevsky novel)"},{"id":"8655093","text":"minor league baseball career and the upheavals of the Vietnam War. It is also a deeply religious novel about love and family and spiritual growth and the difference between church and religion. The title is a reference to Dostoevsky's \"The Brothers Karamazov\" and to the baseball abbreviation for a strikeout. Papa Chance is a former MLB pitcher who has settled down with his wife in the mill town of Camas, Washington. They have six children. Everett Chance, the eldest, is a natural politician and powerful speaker whose passionate opposition to the Vietnam war creates much of the family tension in","title":"The Brothers K"},{"id":"1899867","text":"of Serbia\", a reference to Karađorđe. The surname Karamazov, used in the Russian writer Fyodor Dostoyevsky's 1880 novel \"The Brothers Karamazov\", is believed to have partially been inspired by Karađorđe, whose exploits popularized the use of the prefix \"kara\" to mean \"black\" within Russia. Karađorđe's likeness was featured on the obverse of five-million dinar banknotes issued by the National Bank of Yugoslavia in 1993 and 1994. The anniversary of the First Serbian Uprising's commencement, 15 February, is celebrated annually in Serbia through a public holiday known as Statehood Day, first introduced in July 2001. A statue of Karađorđe stands in","title":"Karađorđe"},{"id":"19498089","text":"Charles Darwin (1809–82) (\"On Origin of Species\") (1859), Ernst Mach (1838–1916), Henri Bergson (1859–1941), Friedrich Nietzsche (1844–1900), James G. Frazer (1854–1941), Karl Marx (1818–83) (\"Das Kapital\", 1867), and the psychoanalytic theories of Sigmund Freud (1856–1939), among others. The continental art movements of Impressionism, and later Cubism, were also important inspirations for modernist writers. Important literary precursors of modernism, were: Fyodor Dostoevsky (1821–81) (\"Crime and Punishment\" (1866), \"The Brothers Karamazov\" (1880); Walt Whitman (1819–92) (\"Leaves of Grass\") (1855–91); Charles Baudelaire (1821–67) (\"Les Fleurs du mal\"), Rimbaud (1854–91) (\"Illuminations\", 1874); August Strindberg (1849–1912), especially his later plays. A major British lyric poet","title":"Twentieth-century English literature"},{"id":"3005735","text":"rumored to have fathered an illegitimate son, Pavel Fyodorovich Smerdyakov, whom he employs as his servant. Fyodor takes no interest in any of his sons, who are, as a result, raised apart from each other and their father. The relationship between Fyodor and his adult sons drives much of the plot in the novel. Dmitri Fyodorovich Karamazov (a.k.a. Mitya, Mitka, Mitenka, Mitri) is Fyodor Karamazov's eldest son and the only offspring of his first marriage, with Adelaida Ivanovna Miusov. Dmitri is considered to be a sensualist, much like his father, spending large amounts of money on nights filled with champagne,","title":"The Brothers Karamazov"},{"id":"3005754","text":"and the First World War, Nobel Prize-winning author Hermann Hesse described Dostoevsky as not a \"poet\" but a \"prophet\". The acclaimed novelist W. Somerset Maugham included \"The Brothers Karamazov\" in his list of ten greatest novels in the world. Pope Benedict XVI cited this book in the 2007 encyclical \"Spe Salvi\". This is a list of the unabridged English translations of the novel: There have been several film adaptations of \"The Brothers Karamazov\". They include: A Russian 12-episode mini-series was produced in 2009, and is considered to be as close to the book as possible. The Japanese drama \"Karamazov no","title":"The Brothers Karamazov"},{"id":"18844306","text":"Constance en tante Mathilde\" (\"Auntie Constanze and Auntie Mathilde\"). The title refers to The Brothers Karamazov, a well-known book by Russian writer, Fyodor Dostoyevsky. The melody of the chorus was derived from the first part of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart’s \"\"Piano Sonata nr. 11 in A major (KV 331)\".\" In 2013, the American actress Christina Applegate explained to talkshow host Conan O'Brien that her (Dutch) husband was teaching this song to their little daughter. De Zusters Karamazov \"De Zusters Karamazov\" (The Karamazov Sisters) is a song from 1957 by Dutch poet and writer Drs. P. The song describes the sad history","title":"De Zusters Karamazov"},{"id":"615633","text":"and a relatively small reference group to relate to, such as the band, clan, or tribe. In Albert Camus's existentialist novel \"The Stranger\", the bored, alienated protagonist Meursault struggles to construct an individual system of values as he responds to the disappearance of the old. He exists largely in a state of anomie, as seen from the apathy evinced in the opening lines: \"\" (\"Today mother died. Or maybe yesterday, I don't know\"). Fyodor Dostoyevsky expressed a similar concern about anomie in his novel \"The Brothers Karamazov\". The Grand Inquisitor remarks that in the absence of God and immortal life,","title":"Anomie"},{"id":"4394203","text":"The Brothers Karamazov (1958 film) The Brothers Karamazov is a 1958 film made by MGM, based on Fyodor Dostoevsky's novel \"The Brothers Karamazov\". It was directed by Richard Brooks and produced by Pandro S. Berman. The screenplay was by Julius J. Epstein, Philip G. Epstein and Richard Brooks. It was entered into the 1958 Cannes Film Festival. The brothers are played by Yul Brynner, Richard Basehart and William Shatner in his film debut. The story follows Fyodor, the patriarch of the Karamazov family, and his sons. When he tries to decide on an heir, the tensions between the brothers run","title":"The Brothers Karamazov (1958 film)"},{"id":"4649528","text":"La Fayette's \"The Princess of Cleves\" are considered early precursors of the psychological novel. The modern psychological novel originated, according to \"The Encyclopedia of the Novel\", primarily in the works of Nobel laureate Knut Hamsun – in particular, \"Hunger\" (1890), \"Mysteries\" (1892), \"Pan\" (1894) and \"Victoria\" (1898). One of the greatest writers of the genre was Fyodor Dostoyevsky. His novels deal strongly with ideas, and characters who embody these ideas, how they play out in real world circumstances, and the value of them, most notably \"The Brothers Karamazov\" and \"Crime and Punishment\". In the literature of the United States, Henry","title":"Psychological fiction"},{"id":"3150655","text":"The Grand Inquisitor \"The Grand Inquisitor\" is a poem in Fyodor Dostoevsky's novel \"The Brothers Karamazov\" (1879–1880). It is recited by Ivan Karamazov, who questions the possibility of a personal and benevolent God, to his brother Alexei (Alyosha), a novice monk. \"The Grand Inquisitor\" is an important part of the novel and one of the best-known passages in because of its ideas about human nature and freedom, and its fundamental ambiguity. Scholars cite Friedrich Schiller's play \"Don Carlos\" (1787) as a major inspiration for Dostoevsky's Grand Inquisitor, while also noting that \"The sources of the legend are extraordinarily varied and","title":"The Grand Inquisitor"},{"id":"3005722","text":"against a modernizing Russia, with a plot which revolves around the subject of patricide. Dostoevsky composed much of the novel in Staraya Russa, which inspired the main setting. Since its publication, it has been acclaimed as one of the supreme achievements in world literature. Although Dostoevsky began his first notes for \"The Brothers Karamazov\" in April 1878, he had written several unfinished works years earlier. He would incorporate some elements into his future work, particularly from the planned epos \"The Life of a Great Sinner\", which he began work on in the summer of 1869. It eventually remained unfinished after","title":"The Brothers Karamazov"},{"id":"10971188","text":"a slightly sad air. In the end, Kandata condemned himself by being concerned only with his own salvation and not that of others. But Paradise continues on as it has, and it is nearly noontime there. Thus the Buddha continues his meanderings. Akutagawa was known for piecing together many different sources for many of his stories, and \"The Spider's Thread\" is no exception. He read Fyodor Dostoevsky's \"The Brothers Karamazov\" in English translation sometime between 1917 and 1918, and the story of \"The Spider's Thread\" is a retell of a very short fable from the novel known as the Fable","title":"The Spider's Thread"},{"id":"4989911","text":"behind the restoration of the Cathedral of Christ the Saviour and one of the co-founders of the All-Russian Society for Protection of Historical and Cultural Monuments (VOOPIiK). Glazunov died from heart failure on 9 July 2017 at the age of 87. He was buried at the Novodevichy Cemetery on July 11. Illustrations for F. Dostoyevsky's novel \"The Brothers Karamazov\": A minor planet, 3616 Glazunov, discovered by Soviet astronomer Lyudmila Zhuravlyova in 1984, is named after him. Ilya Glazunov Ilya Glazunov (; 10 June 1930 – 9 July 2017) was a Russian artist from Saint Petersburg. He was the founder of","title":"Ilya Glazunov"},{"id":"5976218","text":"the play \"Julius of Tarent\" (1774) by Johann Anton Leisewitz, a play Friedrich Schiller considered a favourite. Other characters The play is referred to in Dostoyevsky's \"The Brothers Karamazov\". Fyodor Karamazov compares himself to Count von Moor, whilst comparing his eldest son, Dmitri, to Franz Moor, and Ivan Karamazov to Karl Moor. It is also referred to in the first chapter of Ivan Turgenev's \"First Love\" and in chapter 28 of Charlotte Brontë's Jane Eyre. Peter Newmark notes three translations in the \"Encyclopedia of Literary Translation\": Klaus van den Berg has compared the Lamport and MacDonald translations, \"The two most","title":"The Robbers"},{"id":"498155","text":"pronounced \"\"OH-meh-lahss\"\". Le Guin hit upon the name of the town on seeing a road sign for Salem, Oregon, in a car mirror. \"[… People ask me] 'Where \"do\" you get your ideas from, Ms. Le Guin?' From forgetting Dostoyevsky and reading road signs backwards, naturally. Where else?\" \"The central idea of this psychomyth, the scapegoat\", writes Le Guin, \"turns up in Dostoyevsky's \"Brothers Karamazov\", and several people have asked me, rather suspiciously, why I gave the credit to William James. The fact is, I haven't been able to re-read Dostoyevsky, much as I loved him, since I was twenty-five,","title":"The Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas"},{"id":"135767","text":"the room below from time to time. Notes Bibliography The Trial The Trial (original German title: , later , and ) is a novel written by Franz Kafka between 1914 and 1915 and published posthumously in 1925. One of his most well-known works, it tells the story of Josef K., a man arrested and prosecuted by a remote, inaccessible authority, with the nature of his crime revealed neither to him nor to the reader. Heavily influenced by Dostoyevsky's \"Crime and Punishment\" and \"The Brothers Karamazov\", Kafka even went so far as to call Dostoyevsky a blood relative. Like Kafka's other","title":"The Trial"},{"id":"261473","text":"twentieth-century novelists,\" especially those Modernists who used the stream of consciousness technique, such as Dorothy Richardson, James Joyce, and Virginia Woolf (1882–1941). Also important in Bergson's philosophy was the idea of \"élan vital\", the life force, which \"brings about the creative evolution of everything.\" His philosophy also placed a high value on intuition, though without rejecting the importance of the intellect. Important literary precursors of modernism were Fyodor Dostoyevsky (1821–1881), who wrote the novels \"Crime and Punishment\" (1866) and \"The Brothers Karamazov\" (1880); Walt Whitman (1819–1892), who published the poetry collection \"Leaves of Grass\" (1855–1891); and August Strindberg (1849–1912), especially","title":"Modernism"},{"id":"8286918","text":"or the Victim of the Inquisition\", which has been attributed to Spaniard Luiz Gutiérrez, and is based on the case of María de Bohórquez, ferociously criticizes the Inquisition and its representatives. The Inquisition also appears in one of the chapters of the novel \"The Brothers Karamazov\" (1880) by Fyodor Dostoevsky, which imagines an encounter between Jesus and the Inquisitor General. One of the best known stories of Edgar Allan Poe, \"The Pit and the Pendulum\", explores along the same lines the use of torture by the Inquisition. The novel Cornelia Bororquia was published in France, probably by a French writer","title":"Spanish Inquisition"},{"id":"12603529","text":"attempts to sue God. In the episode \"\" (2006–2007) of the television legal drama comedy \"Boston Legal\", a woman sues God for the death of her husband. \"God in the Dock\", a 1980 episode of Christian TV series \"Insight\", features Richard Beymer as God put on trial by humanity. In the Fyodor Dostoyevsky novel \"The Brothers Karamazov\" (1880), one of the characters tells the story of a grand inquisitor in Spain who meets an incarnation of Jesus, interrogates him and exiles him. Former Auschwitz concentration camp inmate Elie Wiesel is said to have witnessed three Jewish prisoners try God \"in","title":"Lawsuits against God"},{"id":"153605","text":"a fellow conspirator. Pyotr plans to have Kirillov, who is committed to killing himself, take credit for the murder in his suicide note. Kirillov complies and Pyotr murders Shatov, but his scheme goes awry. Pyotr escapes, but the remainder of his aspiring revolutionary crew is arrested. In the denouement, Nikolai kills himself, tortured by his own misdeeds. At nearly 800 pages, \"The Brothers Karamazov\" is Dostoevsky's largest work. It received both critical and popular acclaim and is often cited as his \"magnum opus\". Composed of 12 \"books\", the novel tells the story of the novice Alyosha Karamazov, the non-believer Ivan","title":"Fyodor Dostoevsky"},{"id":"19331337","text":"In Boundlessness In Boundlessness () is a second major poetry collection by Konstantin Balmont, first published in 1895 in Moscow. Following \"Under the Northern Sky\", it features 95 poems, some of which bear first signs of the author's experiments with the Russian language's musical and rhythmical structures he would later become famous for. The book came with an epigraph from Fyodor Dostoyevsky's \"The Brothers Karamazov\": \"Kiss the earth and love tirelessly and insatiably; love everyone and everything, keep seeking delight and ecstasy.\" Balmont read \"Crime and Punishment\" at sixteen, and \"The Brothers Karamazov\" a year later. \"It gave me more","title":"In Boundlessness"},{"id":"3005741","text":"and, like Dostoevsky, suffers from epilepsy. The narrator notes that as a child, Smerdyakov collected stray cats to hang and bury them. Generally aloof, Smerdyakov admires Ivan and shares his atheism. Agrafena Alexandrovna Svetlova (a.k.a. Grushenka, Grusha, Grushka), a beautiful 22-year-old, is the local Jezebel and has an uncanny charm for men. In her youth she was jilted by a Polish officer and subsequently came under the protection of a tyrannical miser. The episode leaves Grushenka with an urge for independence and control of her life. Grushenka inspires complete admiration and lust in both Fyodor and Dmitri Karamazov. Their rivalry","title":"The Brothers Karamazov"},{"id":"10525103","text":"German label Exile On Mainstream. Extensive touring has included supporting Clutch on a 2005 US tour, and in the UK in 2006 they toured with Clutch and Corrosion of Conformity. The band gets its name from a character in the 1880 Russian novel The Brothers Karamazov by Fyodor Dostoevsky. Stinking Lizaveta Stinking Lizaveta is a power trio from Philadelphia that plays heavy instrumental rock. MusicMight categorizes them as \"doom jazz\". Their 1996 debut album \"Hopelessness and Shame\" was recorded by Steve Albini. Albini was so impressed by them, he brought them to the All Tomorrow's Parties festival he co-curated in","title":"Stinking Lizaveta"},{"id":"3005723","text":"Dostoevsky was interested in the Nechayev affair, which involved a group of radicals murdering one of their former members. He picked up that story and started with \"Demons\". The unfinished \"Drama in Tobolsk\" (Драма. В Тобольске) is considered the first draft of the first chapter of \"The Brothers Karamazov\". Dated 13 September 1874, it tells about a fictional murder in Staraya Russa committed by a \"praporshchik\" named Dmitry Ilynskov (based on a real soldier from Omsk), who is thought to have murdered his father. It goes on noting that his body was suddenly discovered in a pit under a house.","title":"The Brothers Karamazov"},{"id":"3005747","text":"writing about Einstein's admiration of the novel, wrote, \"\"The Brothers Karamazov\" - that for him in 1919 was the supreme summit of all literature. It remained so when I talked to him in 1937, and probably until the end of his life.\" Sigmund Freud called it \"the most magnificent novel ever written\" and was fascinated with the book for its Oedipal themes. In 1928 Freud published a paper titled \"Dostoevsky and Parricide\" in which he investigated Dostoevsky's own neuroses. Freud claimed that Dostoevsky's epilepsy was not a natural condition but instead a physical manifestation of the author's hidden guilt over","title":"The Brothers Karamazov"},{"id":"135740","text":"The Trial The Trial (original German title: , later , and ) is a novel written by Franz Kafka between 1914 and 1915 and published posthumously in 1925. One of his most well-known works, it tells the story of Josef K., a man arrested and prosecuted by a remote, inaccessible authority, with the nature of his crime revealed neither to him nor to the reader. Heavily influenced by Dostoyevsky's \"Crime and Punishment\" and \"The Brothers Karamazov\", Kafka even went so far as to call Dostoyevsky a blood relative. Like Kafka's other novels, \"The Trial\" was never completed, although it does","title":"The Trial"},{"id":"7309099","text":"also sought to come to terms with the new industrial age. The works of the Englishman Charles Dickens (including his novels \"Oliver Twist\" and \"A Christmas Carol\") and the Frenchman Victor Hugo (including \"Les Miserables\") remain among the best known and widely influential. The first great Russian novelist was Nikolai Gogol (\"Dead Souls\"). Then came Ivan Goncharov, Nikolai Leskov and Ivan Turgenev. Leo Tolstoy (\"War and Peace\", \"Anna Karenina\") and Fyodor Dostoevsky (\"Crime and Punishment\", \"The Idiot\", \"The Brothers Karamazov\") soon became internationally renowned to the point that many scholars such as F. R. Leavis have described one or the","title":"History of Western civilization"},{"id":"153524","text":"When a nine-year-old girl had been raped by a drunk, he was asked to fetch his father to attend to her. The incident haunted him, and the theme of the desire of a mature man for a young girl appears in \"The Devils\", \"The Brothers Karamazov\", \"Crime and Punishment\", and other writings. An incident involving a family servant, or serf, in the estate in Darovoye, is described in \"The Peasant Marey\": when the young Dostoevsky imagines hearing a wolf in the forest, Marey, who is working nearby, comforts him. Although Dostoevsky had a delicate physical constitution, his parents described him","title":"Fyodor Dostoevsky"},{"id":"3150663","text":"After relating the tale, Ivan asks Alyosha if he \"renounces\" Ivan for his views. Alyosha responds by giving Ivan a soft kiss on the lips, to which the delighted Ivan replies: \"That's plagiarism... Thank you, though\". The brothers part soon afterward. The Grand Inquisitor \"The Grand Inquisitor\" is a poem in Fyodor Dostoevsky's novel \"The Brothers Karamazov\" (1879–1880). It is recited by Ivan Karamazov, who questions the possibility of a personal and benevolent God, to his brother Alexei (Alyosha), a novice monk. \"The Grand Inquisitor\" is an important part of the novel and one of the best-known passages in because","title":"The Grand Inquisitor"},{"id":"1557654","text":"While Vonnegut re-uses characters, the characters are frequently rebooted and do not necessarily maintain the same biographical details from appearance to appearance. Kilgore Trout in particular is palpably a different person (although with distinct, consistent character traits) in each of his appearances in Vonnegut's work. Mr. Rosewater says that Fyodor Dostoyevsky's novel \"The Brothers Karamazov\" contains \"everything there was to know about life.\" Vonnegut refers to \"The Marriage of Heaven and Hell\" when talking about William Blake, Billy's hospital mate's favorite poet. In the \"Twayne's United States Authors\" series volume on Kurt Vonnegut, about the protagonist's name, Stanley Schatt says:","title":"Slaughterhouse-Five"},{"id":"6004270","text":"These various thinkers were united by a distrust of Victorian positivism and certainty. Modernism as a literary movement can also be seen as a reaction to industrialization, urbanization and new technologies. Important literary precursors of modernism were Fyodor Dostoyevsky (1821–81) (\"Crime and Punishment\" (1866), \"The Brothers Karamazov\" (1880)); Walt Whitman (1819–92) (\"Leaves of Grass\") (1855–91); Charles Baudelaire (1821–67) (\"Les Fleurs du mal\"), Rimbaud (1854–91) (\"Illuminations\", 1874); August Strindberg (1849–1912), especially his later plays, including the trilogy \"To Damascus\" 1898–1901, \"A Dream Play\" (1902), \"The Ghost Sonata\" (1907). Initially, some modernists fostered a utopian spirit, stimulated by innovations in anthropology, psychology,","title":"Literary modernism"},{"id":"3005726","text":"childhood instead. Parts of the biographical section of Zosima's life are based on \"The Life of the Elder Leonid\", a text he found at Optina and copied \"almost word for word\". Although written in the 19th century, \"The Brothers Karamazov\" displays a number of modern elements. Dostoevsky composed the book with a variety of literary techniques. Though privy to many of the thoughts and feelings of the protagonists, the narrator is a self-proclaimed writer; he discusses his own mannerisms and personal perceptions so often in the novel that he becomes a character. Through his descriptions, the narrator's voice merges imperceptibly","title":"The Brothers Karamazov"},{"id":"15215823","text":"Karadağlar Karadağlar is a Turkish television drama loosely based on the novel \"The Brothers Karamazov\" by Fyodor Dostoyevsky. It airs on Show TV every week on Monday evenings at 20:00 , and is repeated on Wednesdays at 23:00, as well as on Sundays at 16:45. \"Karadağlar\" is set in the 1930s, when Turkey was suffering the effects of the Great Depression, and it focuses on the generally strained relationships of the landowner, Halit Karadağ, with his sons, as well as the relationships between his sons. Set in the fictional village of Payidar, the series also shows the tensions that exist","title":"Karadağlar"},{"id":"1239503","text":"historical architecture, a classic Texas town square, modern art installments, art galleries, and the Marfa lights. Marfa was founded in the early 1880s as a railroad water stop. The town was named \"Marfa\" (Russian for \"Martha\") at the suggestion of the wife of a railroad executive. Although some historians have hypothesized that the name came from a character in Fyodor Dostoevsky's novel \"The Brothers Karamazov\", Marfa was actually named after Marfa Strogoff, a character in Jules Verne's novel \"Michael Strogoff\". The town grew quickly during the 1920s. The Marfa Army Airfield served as a training facility for several thousand pilots","title":"Marfa, Texas"},{"id":"3005740","text":"his family. In a secondary plotline, Alyosha befriends a group of school boys, whose fate adds a hopeful message to the conclusion of the novel. Pavel Fyodorovich Smerdyakov, widely rumored to be the illegitimate son of Fyodor Karamazov, is the son of \"Reeking Lizaveta\", a mute woman of the street who died in childbirth. His name, Smerdyakov, means \"son of the 'reeking one'\". He was brought up by Fyodor Karamazov's trusted servant Grigory Vasilievich Kutuzov and his wife Marfa. Smerdyakov grows up in the Karamazov house as a servant, working as Fyodor's lackey and cook. He is morose and sullen,","title":"The Brothers Karamazov"},{"id":"1501782","text":"aging and disease as examples of factors that limit human freedom. The philosopher Slavoj Žižek, writing in \"Absolute Recoil: Towards a New Foundation of Dialectical Materialism\" (2004), argued that there is a parallel between Sartre's views and claims made by the character Father Zosima in Fyodor Dostoyevsky's novel \"The Brothers Karamazov\" (1880): whereas Sartre believes that with total freedom comes total responsibility, for Father Zosima \"each of us must make us responsible for all men's sins\". Existentialism Is a Humanism Existentialism Is a Humanism () is a 1946 work by the philosopher Jean-Paul Sartre, based on a lecture by the","title":"Existentialism Is a Humanism"},{"id":"125397","text":"thinking. The first important literary author also important to existentialism was the Russian Fyodor Dostoyevsky. Dostoyevsky's \"Notes from Underground\" portrays a man unable to fit into society and unhappy with the identities he creates for himself. Jean-Paul Sartre, in his book on existentialism \"Existentialism is a Humanism\", quoted Dostoyevsky's \"The Brothers Karamazov\" as an example of existential crisis. Sartre attributes Ivan Karamazov's claim, \"If God did not exist, everything would be permitted\" to Dostoyevsky himself, though this quote does not appear in the novel. However, a similar sentiment is explicitly stated when Alyosha visits Dimitri in prison. Dimitri mentions his","title":"Existentialism"},{"id":"11424175","text":"the same name) where he performed the role of the uncle. In cinema he got his big break when director Elem Klimov offered him the lead role in the satiric film \"Adventures of a Dentist\" (1965). His next work in cinema was a role of Alyosha in critically acclaimed \"The Brothers Karamazov\" (1969) based on Dostoevsky's eponymous novel, which made him known. In 1975 he shot to stardom in the enormously popular comedy-drama film \"The Irony of Fate\" as a surgeon Zhenya Lukashin. In 1977 he starred in another Ryazanov hit, \"Office Romance\", as timid statistician Anatoly Novoseltsev, alongside Alisa","title":"Andrey Myagkov"},{"id":"6734466","text":"of school boys whose fate adds a hopeful message to the conclusion of an otherwise tragic novel. Alyosha's place in the novel is usually that of a messenger or witness to the actions of his brothers and others. He is very close to Dmitri. Alyosha is depicted as a positive character, kind, loving and sensitive. Anna-Teresa Tymieniecka states that Alyosha, like Prince Myshkin, the protagonist in another Dostoyevsky novel, \"The Idiot\", are almost Jesus-like characters, who are nevertheless unable to prevent the suffering of those around them. She suggests that as a witness or messenger, Alyosha is not a true","title":"Alyosha Karamazov"},{"id":"20215178","text":"now known) joined the Moscow Art Theatre where his premiere parts included Varlaam (in Alexander Pushkin's \"Boris Godunov\", 1907), Someone in Grey (\"The Life of Man\", 1907), the Mayor (\"Revizor\", 1908), Bolshintsov (\"A Month in the Country\", Ivan Turgenev, 1909) and Grigory (\"The Karamazov Brothers\", after Dostoyevsky's novel, 1910). In 1911 Uralov left the theatre to join Alexandrinka; Stanislavsky later called MAT's decision to let him go a 'regrettable mistake'. During his eight years stint with the Alexanrinsky Theatre (which he in 1918 became one of the administrators of), Uralov has made his mark with his \"juicy, fulsome realism\"; his","title":"Ilya Uralov"},{"id":"3005746","text":"One: \"A Nice Little Family\" Book Two: \"An Inappropriate Gathering\" Book Three: \"Sensualists\" Book Four: \"Lacerations/Strains\" Book Five: \"Pro and Contra\" Book Six: \"The Russian Monk\" Book Seven: \"Alyosha\" Book Eight: \"Mitya\" Book Nine: \"The Preliminary Investigation\" Book Ten: \"Boys\" Book Eleven: \"Brother Ivan Fyodorovich\" Book Twelve: \"A Judicial Error\" Epilogue \"The Brothers Karamazov\" has had a deep influence on many writers, philosophers, and public figures over the years. Admirers of the novel include Albert Einstein, Sigmund Freud, Ludwig Wittgenstein, Martin Heidegger, Cormac McCarthy, Kurt Vonnegut, Haruki Murakami, Vladimir Putin, Frederick Buechner Laura Bush, and Hillary Clinton. C. P. Snow,","title":"The Brothers Karamazov"},{"id":"3630128","text":"in 1996 with \"Everyone Says I Love You\", Allen did in fact shoot a number of films abroad. Coming between Allen's \"Sleeper\" and \"Annie Hall\", \"Love and Death\" is in many respects an artistic transition between the two. Allen pays tribute to the humor of The Marx Brothers, Bob Hope and Charlie Chaplin throughout the film. The dialogue and scenarios parody Russian novels, particularly those by Dostoyevsky and Tolstoy, such as \"The Brothers Karamazov\", \"Crime and Punishment\", \"The Gambler\", \"The Idiot\" and \"War and Peace\". This includes a dialogue between Boris and his father in which each line alludes to,","title":"Love and Death"},{"id":"6396526","text":"townspeople have already congregated. He musters enough strength to climb the scaffold on his own. In the ensuing moments, M'sieur Pierre dons his apron and demonstrates to Cincinnatus how to lay on the block. Cincinnatus begins counting backwards from ten in preparation for the apparent beheading. Suddenly, he gets up and walks down the scaffolding, presumably free from his physical body and existence. Some suggest that the names of Rodion, Rodrig Ivanovich, and Roman Vissarionovich are taken from that of Rodion Romanovich Raskolnikov, protagonist of Fyodor Dostoyevsky's 1866 novel, \"Crime and Punishment\". Nabokov employs a wide range of symbols and","title":"Invitation to a Beheading"},{"id":"15215824","text":"between the area's rich landowners and poor villagers. Karadağlar Karadağlar is a Turkish television drama loosely based on the novel \"The Brothers Karamazov\" by Fyodor Dostoyevsky. It airs on Show TV every week on Monday evenings at 20:00 , and is repeated on Wednesdays at 23:00, as well as on Sundays at 16:45. \"Karadağlar\" is set in the 1930s, when Turkey was suffering the effects of the Great Depression, and it focuses on the generally strained relationships of the landowner, Halit Karadağ, with his sons, as well as the relationships between his sons. Set in the fictional village of Payidar,","title":"Karadağlar"},{"id":"12694114","text":"Dostoevsky Museum The F. M. Dostoyevsky Literary Memorial Museum (Государственный Литературно-мемориальный музей Ф. М. Достоевского), located on Kuznechny Lane 5/2 in Saint Petersburg, was opened on November 12, 1971 in the former apartment of the famous writer. Fyodor Dostoyevsky lived in the apartment twice during his life: first for a short period in 1846 in the beginnings of his career, and later from October 1878 until his death in January 1881. The apartment was his home during the composition of some of his most notable works, including \"\" and \"The Brothers Karamazov\". The apartment has been reconstructed based on the","title":"Dostoevsky Museum"},{"id":"8693191","text":"was satisfied by the punishments he had inflicted on himself, the inhibition on his work became less severe.” Dostoevsky and Parricide \"Dostoevsky and Parricide\" () is an introductory article contributed by Sigmund Freud to a scholarly collection on \"The Brothers Karamazov\" by Fyodor Dostoyevsky. The collection was published in 1928. The article argues that it is no coincidence that some of the greatest works of world literature - including \"Oedipus Rex\", \"Hamlet\", as well as \"The Brothers Karamazov\" – all concern parricide, which in Dostoevsky's case Freud links to his epilepsy. Ernest Jones termed the piece “Freud's last contribution to","title":"Dostoevsky and Parricide"},{"id":"18811568","text":"The Murderer Dimitri Karamazov The Murderer Dimitri Karamazov () is a 1931 German drama film directed by Erich Engels and Fedor Ozep, starring Fritz Kortner and Anna Sten. It tells the story of a lieutenant who is suspected of having murdered his father. The film is based on motifs from Fyodor Dostoyevsky's novel \"The Brothers Karamazov\". The film was produced by Terra Film. Filming took place from 22 October to 24 November 1930. The film's sets were designed by the art directors Heinrich Richter and Victor Trivas. The British film critic Raymond Durgnat wrote in a 1993 article about Ozep","title":"The Murderer Dimitri Karamazov"},{"id":"7205636","text":"Richard Pevear and Larissa Volokhonsky Richard Pevear and Larissa Volokhonsky (, ) are a couple who are best known for their collaborative translations. Most of their translations are of works in Russian, but also French, Italian, and Greek. Their translations have been nominated three times and twice won the PEN/Book-of-the-Month Club Translation Prize (for Tolstoy's \"Anna Karenina\" and Dostoevsky's \"The Brothers Karamazov\"). Their translation of Dostoevsky's \"The Idiot\" also won the first Efim Etkind Translation Prize. Richard Pevear was born in Waltham, Massachusetts on 21 April 1943. Pevear earned a B.A. degree from Allegheny College in 1964, and a M.A.","title":"Richard Pevear and Larissa Volokhonsky"},{"id":"50045","text":"d'Or, is heavily influenced by the themes of the Book of Job, as the film starts with a quote from the beginning of God's speech to Job. A 2014 Malayalam film called \"Iyobinte Pusthakam\" tells the story of a man who is losing everything in his life and also has parallels with Dostoevsky's (\"The Brothers Karamazov\"). The Russian film \"Leviathan\" also draws themes from the Book of Job. The 2015 critically acclaimed novel, \"The Suffering of Innocents\", by Marc Zirogiannis is loosely based on the Book of Job and asks the question, \"Why Do the Righteous Suffer?\". In 2015 two","title":"Book of Job"},{"id":"153587","text":"of which profoundly influenced \"The Trial\". Sigmund Freud called \"The Brothers Karamazov\" \"the most magnificent novel ever written\". Modern cultural movements such as the surrealists, the existentialists and the Beats cite Dostoevsky as an influence, and he is cited as the forerunner of Russian symbolism, existentialism, expressionism and psychoanalysis. In 1956 an olive-green postage stamp dedicated to Dostoevsky was released in the Soviet Union, with a print run of 1,000 copies. A Dostoevsky Museum was opened on 12 November 1971 in the apartment where he wrote his first and final novels. A crater on Mercury was named after him in","title":"Fyodor Dostoevsky"},{"id":"3005728","text":"the attorney Fetyukovich (based on Vladimir Spasovich) is characterized by malapropisms (e.g. 'robbed' for 'stolen', and at one point declares possible suspects in the murder 'irresponsible' rather than innocent). Several plot digressions provide insight into other apparently minor characters. For example, the narrative in Book Six is almost entirely devoted to Zosima's biography, which contains a confession from a man whom he met many years before. Dostoevsky does not rely on a single source or a group of major characters to convey the themes of this book, but uses a variety of viewpoints, narratives and characters throughout. Although \"The Brothers","title":"The Brothers Karamazov"},{"id":"3005752","text":"Wallace's novel \"Infinite Jest\". Joseph Stalin had read Dostoevsky since his youth and considered the author as a great psychologist. His copy of \"The Brothers Karamazov\" reveals extensive highlights and notes in the margins that he made while reading the work, which have been studied and analyzed by multiple researchers. The President of the Russian Federation Vladimir Putin has described \"The Brothers Karamazov\" as one of his favorite books. According to Serbian state news agency Tanjug, Serbian president Aleksandar Vučić described Fyodor Dostoevsky as his dearest novelist. He also said that \"\"The Brothers Karamazov\" may be the best work of","title":"The Brothers Karamazov"},{"id":"14684179","text":"other. Together they decided to go into the studio to record. Their first release was an extended play, \"The Verse, the Chorus,\" produced by Eli Thomson in Los Angeles, California. At the time the band did not have a name, but during a discussion about the nameless project Eli Thompson suggested \"Ivan and Alyosha\" from the 'Brothers Karamazov'. The two original members were fans of the genre and the name stuck. Ivan & Alyosha performed in Texas at SXSW 2010. The band derives its name from two characters of Fyodor Dostoevsky's masterwork The Brothers Karamazov. The two characters hold opposite","title":"Ivan & Alyosha"},{"id":"4645776","text":"Theatre Guild. He briefly studied Stanislavski's system under the tutelage of Richard Boleslavsky (Carnickle 39), and became Jacques Copeau's translator/assistant on his production of \"The Brothers Karamazov\", based on the novel by the Russian writer Fyodor Dostoevsky. Clurman began work as an actor in New York. He felt that the standard American theater, though successful at the box office, was not providing the experience which he wanted. He said, \"I was interested in what the theater was going to say ... The theater must say something. It must relate to society. It must relate to the world we live in.\"","title":"Harold Clurman"},{"id":"866326","text":"story that influence the hero's actions (there are others that even the author himself admits are purely digressive). A commonly independently anthologised story is \"The Grand Inquisitor\" by Dostoevsky from his long psychological novel \"The Brothers Karamazov\", which is told by one brother to another to explain, in part, his view on religion and morality. It also, in a succinct way, dramatizes many of Dostoevsky's interior conflicts. An example of a \"bonus material\" style inner story is the chapter \"The Town Ho's Story\" in Herman Melville's novel \"Moby-Dick\"; that chapter tells a fully formed story of an exciting mutiny and","title":"Story within a story"},{"id":"4423150","text":"in competition at the 1990 Cannes Film Festival. Oliveira then made \"The Divine Comedy\" (\"A Divina Comédia\") in 1991. Set in a mental institution, the film is not an adaptation of Dante Alighieri's famous work but is derived from stories in the Bible, José Régio's play \"A Salvacao do Mundo\", Fyodor Dostoyevsky's \"Crime and Punishment\" and \"The Brothers Karamazov\", and Friedrich Nietzsche's \"Antichrist\". Oliveira stated that all of the texts he uses \"deal in some way with the problem of sin and the possibility of redemption, and in this sense they all derive ultimately from the same source.\" The film","title":"Manoel de Oliveira"},{"id":"13706078","text":"escapes. The anti-Catholic Gothic tradition continued with Charlotte Brontë's semi-autobiographical novel \"Villette\" (1853). Bronte explores the culture clash between the heroine's English Protestantism and the Catholicism of the environment at her school in 'Villette' (aka Brussels) before magisterially pronouncing \"God is not with Rome.\" In a chapter of Fyodor Dostoevsky's \"The Brothers Karamazov\" called \"The Grand Inquisitor\", the Catholic Church convicts a returned-from-Heaven Jesus Christ of heresy and is portrayed as a servant of Satan. Dan Brown's best-selling novel \"The Da Vinci Code\" depicts the Catholic Church as determined to hide the truth about Mary Magdalene. An article in an","title":"Anti-Catholicism in literature and media"},{"id":"1782236","text":"Mephi) are seen as allusions to Satan and his rebellion against Heaven in the Bible (Ezekiel 28:11–19; Isaiah 14:12–15). The novel itself could be considered a criticism of organised religion given this interpretation. However, Zamyatin, influenced by Fyodor Dostoyevsky's \"Notes from Underground\" and \"The Brothers Karamazov\", made the novel a criticism of the excesses of a militantly atheistic society. The novel displayed an indebtedness to H. G. Wells's dystopia \"When the Sleeper Wakes\" (1899). The novel uses mathematical concepts symbolically. The spaceship that D-503 is supervising the construction of is called the \"Integral\", which he hopes will \"integrate the grandiose","title":"We (novel)"},{"id":"8693189","text":"Dostoevsky and Parricide \"Dostoevsky and Parricide\" () is an introductory article contributed by Sigmund Freud to a scholarly collection on \"The Brothers Karamazov\" by Fyodor Dostoyevsky. The collection was published in 1928. The article argues that it is no coincidence that some of the greatest works of world literature - including \"Oedipus Rex\", \"Hamlet\", as well as \"The Brothers Karamazov\" – all concern parricide, which in Dostoevsky's case Freud links to his epilepsy. Ernest Jones termed the piece “Freud's last contribution to the psychology of literature and his most brilliant”; Freud himself however called it “this trivial essay. It was","title":"Dostoevsky and Parricide"},{"id":"832670","text":"heart failure on July 2, 1999 at his home on Manor Lane in West Bay Shore, New York. His family now lives in East Islip, New York. Fyodor Dostoyevsky was an influence on Puzo, providing several quotations, particularly from \"The Brothers Karamazov\", in Puzo's books: \"The Dark Arena\", \"Fools Die\", \"The Fourth K\", and \"The Family\". The Corleone family in \"The Godfather\" closely resembles the Karamazov family in \"The Brothers Karamazov\" with a powerful father, an impulsive elder son, a philosophical son, a sweet-tempered son, and an adopted stepson who is maintained as an employee. All short stories, except \"The","title":"Mario Puzo"},{"id":"17432488","text":"of the finest achievements in Russian prose.\" Sergey Andreyevsky died in 1918 in Petrograd, of pneumonia. As a literary critic Andreyevsky is credited with being the first to positively review Fyodor Dostoyevsky. His essay \"The Karamazov Brothers\" (1888) is regarded as one of the best of its kind. Andreyevsky did a lot to revive interest in early 19th-century Russian poetry, notably Yevgeny Baratynsky who he introduced to a general readership for the first time. Sergey Andreyevsky Sergey Arkadievich Andreyevsky (, December 29, 1847, – November 9, 1918) was a leading defense attorney of Imperial Russia. He was also known as","title":"Sergey Andreyevsky"},{"id":"10738966","text":"part determined the author's success, as audience appetite created demand for further installments. In the German-speaking countries, the serialized novel was widely popularized by the weekly family magazine \"Die Gartenlaube\", which reached a circulation of 382,000 by 1875. In Russia, \"The Russian Messenger\" serialized Leo Tolstoy's \"Anna Karenina\" from 1873 to 1877 and Fyodor Dostoevsky's \"The Brothers Karamazov\" from 1879 to 1880. In Poland, Bolesław Prus wrote several serialized novels: \"The Outpost\" (1885–86), \"The Doll\" (1887–89), \"The New Woman\" (1890–93), and his sole historical novel, \"Pharaoh\" (the latter, exceptionally, written entire over a year's time in 1894–95 and serialized only","title":"Serial (literature)"},{"id":"3005724","text":"The similarly unfinished \"Sorokoviny\" (Сороковины), dated 1 August 1875, is reflected in book IX, chapter 3–5 and book XI, chapter nine. In the October 1877 \"A Writer's Diary\" article \"To the Reader\", Dostoevsky mentioned a \"literary work that has imperceptibly and involuntarily been taking shape within me over these two years of publishing the \"Diary\"\". His \"Diary\", a collection of numerous articles, had included similar themes \"The Brothers Karamazov\" would later borrow from. These include patricide, law and order and social problems. Although Dostoevsky was influenced by religion and philosophy, in his life and the writing of \"The Brothers Karamazov\",","title":"The Brothers Karamazov"},{"id":"153590","text":"positive reception. Several critics, such as Nikolay Dobrolyubov, Ivan Bunin and Vladimir Nabokov, viewed his writing as excessively psychological and philosophical rather than artistic. Others found fault with chaotic and disorganised plots, and others, like Turgenev, objected to \"excessive psychologising\" and too-detailed naturalism. His style was deemed \"prolix, repetitious and lacking in polish, balance, restraint and good taste\". Saltykov-Shchedrin, Tolstoy, Nikolay Mikhaylovsky and others criticised his puppet-like characters, most prominently in \"The Idiot\", \"Demons\" (\"The Possessed\", \"The Devils\") and \"The Brothers Karamazov\". These characters were compared to those of Hoffmann, an author whom Dostoevsky admired. Basing his estimation on stated","title":"Fyodor Dostoevsky"},{"id":"4394209","text":"all about.\" According to MGM records the film made $2,390,000 in the US and Canada and $3,050,000 elsewhere resulting in a profit of $441,000. The Brothers Karamazov (1958 film) The Brothers Karamazov is a 1958 film made by MGM, based on Fyodor Dostoevsky's novel \"The Brothers Karamazov\". It was directed by Richard Brooks and produced by Pandro S. Berman. The screenplay was by Julius J. Epstein, Philip G. Epstein and Richard Brooks. It was entered into the 1958 Cannes Film Festival. The brothers are played by Yul Brynner, Richard Basehart and William Shatner in his film debut. The story follows","title":"The Brothers Karamazov (1958 film)"},{"id":"498513","text":"He chooses action over contemplation, aware of the fact that nothing can last and no victory is final. Here Camus explores the absurd creator or artist. Since explanation is impossible, absurd art is restricted to a description of the myriad experiences in the world. \"If the world were clear, art would not exist.\" Absurd creation, of course, also must refrain from judging and from alluding to even the slightest shadow of hope. He then analyzes the work of Dostoevsky in this light, especially \"The Diary of a Writer\", \"The Possessed\" and \"The Brothers Karamazov\". All these works start from the","title":"The Myth of Sisyphus"},{"id":"9906490","text":"Zephaniah Phillips published \"The Problem of Evil and the Problem of God\" in 2004, presenting a challenge to the Irenaean theodicy. Phillips maintained throughout his work that humans are incapable of fully understanding God, and presented an understanding of the moral diversity of human existence. With reference to the suffering of the Holocaust, he rejected any theodicy which presents suffering as instrumental, arguing that such suffering cannot be justified, regardless of any good that comes of it. Russian novelist Fyodor Dostoyevsky presented a similar argument in his novel, \"The Brothers Karamazov\". This is however not a final argument, given the","title":"Irenaean theodicy"},{"id":"153586","text":"the insanity of gambling were there to know\". James Joyce praised Dostoevsky's prose: \"... he is the man more than any other who has created modern prose, and intensified it to its present-day pitch. It was his explosive power which shattered the Victorian novel with its simpering maidens and ordered commonplaces; books which were without imagination or violence.\" In her essay \"The Russian Point of View\", Virginia Woolf said, \"Out of Shakespeare there is no more exciting reading\". Franz Kafka called Dostoevsky his \"blood-relative\" and was heavily influenced by his works, particularly \"The Brothers Karamazov\" and \"Crime and Punishment\", both","title":"Fyodor Dostoevsky"},{"id":"12502580","text":"has been telling him have been about his own family. \"Yes, man is broad, too broad indeed. I'd have him narrower.\" - Dmitri Fyodorovitch Karamazov: \"The Brothers Karamazov\", Fyodor Dostoevsky The Fern Tattoo The Fern Tattoo is a 2007 novel by the Australian author David Brooks. \"To my daughter Jessica\" Benedict's mother has recently died; after the funeral he receives a phone call from Mrs. Darling, a friend of his mother's. Benedict visits the old woman in the countryside where she tells him various tales that involve three generations of families. He spends the next several years visiting Mrs. Darling,","title":"The Fern Tattoo"},{"id":"4323652","text":"Meilhac and Ludovic Halévy, reached the stage. Dostoevsky published \"The Raw Youth\" (or \"The Adolescent\"). In 1876 Lewis Carroll published \"The Hunting of the Snark\". Mark Twain published \"The Adventures of Tom Sawyer\". In 1877 Leo Tolstoy published \"Anna Karenina\". In 1878 Gilbert and Sullivan's operetta \"HMS Pinafore, or, The Lass That Loved a Sailor\" was staged. In 1879 Octave Crémazie died. Gilbert and Sullivan's operetta \"The Pirates of Penzance\", or, \"The Slave of Duty\" was staged. In 1880 Dostoevsky published \"The Brothers Karamazov\". Norwegian writer Knut Hamsun published \"Hunger\". In 1881 Dostoevsky died. Oscar Wilde published his first book","title":"History of modern literature"},{"id":"3005745","text":"in some translations, is one of the local schoolboys, and the central figure of a crucial subplot in the novel. His father, Captain Snegiryov, is an impoverished officer who is insulted by Dmitri after Fyodor Karamazov hires him to threaten the latter over his debts, and the Snegiryov family is brought to shame as a result. The reader is led to believe that it is partly because of this that Ilyusha falls ill, possibly to illustrate the theme that even minor actions can touch heavily on the lives of others, and that we are \"all responsible for one another\". Book","title":"The Brothers Karamazov"},{"id":"1908636","text":"an abridged version, \"The Dream of the Red Chamber\", by Florence and Isabel McHugh published in 1958, and a later French version. Bramwell Seaton Bonsall, completed a translation in the 1950s, \"Red Chamber Dream\", a typescript of which is available on the web. Critic Anthony West wrote in \"The New Yorker\" in 1958 that the novel is to the Chinese \"very much what \"The Brothers Karamazov\" is to Russian and \"Remembrance of Things Past\" is to French literature\" and \"it is beyond question one of the great novels of all literature.\" Kenneth Rexroth in a 1958 review of the McHugh","title":"Dream of the Red Chamber"},{"id":"5744625","text":"happened, but in the context that Jesus is not divine. The temptation of Christ has been a frequent subject in the art and literature of Christian cultures. It is largely the subject of John Milton's four-book epic \"Paradise Regained\". Fyodor Dostoyevsky's \"The Grand Inquisitor\", part of the novel \"The Brothers Karamazov\", features an extended treatment of the temptation of Christ. Nathan Toulane's novel \"The Ring In The Glass\" encompasses the spot where The temptation of Christ occurred. French Artist Jean Giroud Moebius created an artbook called \"40 days dans le desert B\" depicting a similar theme. Andrew Lloyd Webber's \"Jesus","title":"Temptation of Christ"},{"id":"17432486","text":"text book for Russian lawyers. Andreyevsky became interested in poetry in his thirties, starting with translations from French which he published, along with his own verse, in \"Severny Vestnik\". His first book (where among minor verses there were three long poems, \"The Dawn of Days\", \"Darkness\" and \"The Engaged Ones\") came out in 1885, to be re-issued in 1888 and 1891. In the late 1880s Andreyevsky abandoned poetry and became a literary critic; his essays and literary portraits were few and far between but gained much acclaim. His treatise \"The Karamazov Brothers\" (1888), later came to be regarded as the","title":"Sergey Andreyevsky"},{"id":"18799788","text":"care what happens after his disappearance. Karl Marx wrote in \"Das Kapital\" (Vol. 1, Part III, Chapter Ten, Section 5) \"Après moi, le déluge! is the watchword of every capitalist and of every capitalist nation. Hence Capital is reckless of the health or length of life of the labourer, unless under compulsion from society.\" During the trial of Dimitri Fyodorovich Karamazov in Dostoyevsky’s \"The Brothers Karamazov\", the prosecution uses the phrase to describe the defendant’s reprobate father and to lament the deterioration of Russian values more generally. The phrase \"\"Après moi le déluge\" was adopted as the motto of the","title":"Après nous le déluge"},{"id":"13476038","text":"economics at the University of Chicago, he was drawn to Slavic studies after discovering Dostoevsky's \"The Brothers Karamazov\" in a required literature course and being (in his words) \"knocked for a loop\". He reports that he ran to a bookstore, picked up a copy of \"Crime and Punishment\", read it in two days, and resolved to learn the language of such a great body of literature. Weil received his bachelor's degree from the University of Chicago in 1948 and his master's degree in Slavic studies in 1951. After three years of working on a Soviet census for the U.S. Library","title":"Irwin Weil"},{"id":"19276895","text":"new translation by Constance Borde and Sheila Malovany-Chevalier appeared in 2009 and was felt by many critics to be a more accurate representation of de Beauvoir's text. As some commentators have pointed out, however, when a translation has been enormously influential it can be hard to argue that it is somehow a failure. Many classic Russian novels have been translated a number of times; in recent years Richard Pevear and Larissa Volokhonsky have produced well-received retranslations of works including Dostoevsky's \"The Brothers Karamazov\" and The Idiot, and Leo Tolstoy's \"War and Peace\" and \"Anna Karenina\". Translations of Russian novels are","title":"Retranslation"},{"id":"5641872","text":"segment was unrelated to the Super Six, and starred a bizarre, three-headed character known collectively as \"The Brothers Matzoriley\" a parody in name, of The Brothers Karamazov. They were \"Siamese triplets\" who were Three Stooges-style bumblers, always looking for a new job. Their names (Weft, Wight and Wong) were a play on \"left\", \"right\" and \"wrong\". Although occupying one body, each head had its own distinct personality, one head (Weft) being that of a tough guy or ruffian with a Brooklyn accent. another (Wight) being a wimpy coward with a very nervous delivery, and the middle head (Wong) being a","title":"The Super 6"},{"id":"3524690","text":"in telemachry.” Orin then asks whether Hal meant telemetry. Christopher Bartlett has argued that Hal's mistake is a direct reference to Telemachus, who for the first four books of the \"Odyssey\" believes that his father is dead. Links to \"The Brothers Karamazov\" have been analyzed by Timothy Jacobs, who sees Orin representing the nihilistic Dmitri, Hal standing for Ivan and Mario the simple and good Alyosha. The film so entertaining that its viewers lose interest in anything else has been likened to the Monty Python sketch \"The Funniest Joke in the World\", as well as to \"the experience machine\", a","title":"Infinite Jest"},{"id":"14840090","text":"The band places the theme of the album focuses on \"man and his place in the universe\". The band specified critiques of Christianity inspired by the questions of Dostoyevsky, Nietzsche and Richard Dawkins. At the base of the album are three songs with the titles \"\"The Grand Inquisitor I, II and III\"\". These songs have been inspired by the chapter of the same title in Fyodor Dostoyevsky's novel The Brothers Karamazov: a conversation between the brothers Ivan, an atheist, and Alyoscha, a monk. Ivan tells Alyoscha the story of a Second Coming of Christ in 16th century Sevilla. According to","title":"Anthropocentric (album)"},{"id":"19833941","text":"of some kind. Motion pictures - Novelist, but I probably haven't the slightest talent. March 26) Gloomy drizzling rain last two days. ...Next Tuesday I leave for Fort Snelling for physical exam. Hope I don’t pass it for very justified reasons. But hardly dare hope. Reading \"Brothers Karamazov\" rather strange, almost unintelligible. But I gather some vague ideas from it. These characters seem to suffer so intensely from doubt, religious doubt and confusion. I believe I have a clearer philosophy of life. Thanks to J. Dewey, H. G. Wells, Shaw. Perhaps it is too simple. Maybe it won't stand any","title":"Virgil John Tangborn"},{"id":"18353896","text":"in 2005 with the Golden George winning film \"Dreaming of Space\" by Alexei Uchitel. In 2005 she had roles in Ekaterina Shagalova's melodrama \"Pavlov's Dog\" and in Andrei Proshkin's comedy \"Soldier's Decameron\". Elena acted in the 2009 television series \"The Brothers Karamazov\" by Yuri Moroz, based on the novel of the same name by Fyodor Dostoyevsky. In the film, Elena played the scandalous and vicious Grushenka. In 2012 she was awarded the Best Actress Golden Eagle and Nika for her role as the daughter of the main character in Andrey Zvyagintsev's \"Elena\". Two years later, she again received the Best","title":"Elena Lyadova"},{"id":"3005753","text":"world literature\". The philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein is said to have read \"The Brothers Karamazov\" \"so often he knew whole passages of it by heart.” A copy of the novel was one of the few possessions Wittgenstein brought with him to the front during World War I. Martin Heidegger, the seminal figure of existentialism, identified Dostoevsky's thought as one of the most important sources for his early and best known book, \"Being and Time\". Of the two portraits Heidegger kept on the wall of his office, one was of Dostoevsky. In an essay on the novel written after the Russian Revolution","title":"The Brothers Karamazov"},{"id":"17908902","text":"not nominated. Winter Sleep (film) Winter Sleep () is a 2014 Turkish drama film directed by Nuri Bilge Ceylan, adapted from the short story, \"The Wife\" by Anton Chekhov and one subplot of \"The Brothers Karamazov\" by Fyodor Dostoyevsky. The story is set in Anatolia and examines the significant divide between the rich and the poor as well as the powerful and the powerless in Turkey. It stars Haluk Bilginer, Demet Akbag and Melisa Sözen. Ceylan had long wished to adapt \"The Wife\", and shot it in Cappadocia. At the 2014 Cannes Film Festival, the film won the Palme d'Or","title":"Winter Sleep (film)"},{"id":"8502362","text":"can be seen in Leo Tolstoy's \"Resurrection\" and Fyodor Dostoyevsky's \"The Brothers Karamazov\". In 1878, the revolutionary Vera Zasulich failed to assassinate St. Petersburg Governor-General Fyodor Trepov, who had ordered a political prisoner to be flogged. Even though it was obvious that Zasulich was guilty, the jury acquitted her completely. The verdict of the jury was based not on the law but on their feeling of injustice committed by Trepov, a case of jury nullification. Judicial chambers were courts of appeal for cases heard in district courts. They also had original jurisdiction in certain high crimes (usually if the offender","title":"Judicial reform of Alexander II"},{"id":"12321669","text":"Sonia (name) Sonia is a feminine given name in many areas of the world including the West, Russia, Iran, and South Asia. Sonia and its variant spellings Sonja and Sonya are derived from the Russian hypocoristic \"Sonya\", an abbreviation of \"Sofiya\" (Greek \"Sophia\" \"Wisdom\") The name was popularised in the English-speaking world by characters in the novels \"Crime and Punishment\" by Fyodor Dostoyevsky (1866, English translation 1885) and \"War and Peace\" Leo Tolstoy (1869, English translation 1886), and later by a 1917 bestselling novel, \"Sonia: Between Two Worlds\", by Stephen McKenna Sonya and its variations are occasionally found as surnames","title":"Sonia (name)"},{"id":"2179163","text":"Gogol is seen as an influence, as is the case in other of Bulgakov's novels. The dialogue between Pontius Pilate and Yeshua Ha-Notsri is strongly influenced by Fyodor Dostoyevsky's parable \"The Grand Inquisitor\" from \"The Brothers Karamazov\". The \"luckless visitors chapter\" refers to Tolstoy's \"Anna Karenina\": \"everything became jumbled in the Oblonsky household\". The theme of the Devil exposing society as an apartment block, as it could be seen if the entire façade would be removed, has some precedents in \"El diablo cojuelo\" (1641, \"The Lame Devil\" or \"The Crippled Devil\") by the Spaniard Luís Vélez de Guevara. (This was","title":"The Master and Margarita"},{"id":"20768825","text":"Candle Ball\" based on the novel by Mikhail Bulgakov \"The Master and Margarita\", staged by his son, Vladimir Prudkin. In 1969, \"The Brothers Karamazov\" was released, with Mark Prudkin in the role of Fyodor Karamazov – the same one that he played on stage. Apart from a tiny episode in the silent film by Yakov Protazanov \"Man from the Restaurant\", it was his first role in the cinema at the age of 71. He played small but memorable roles in the films \"The Twelve Chairs\", \"The Blonde Around the Corner\" in the television movie \"Uncle's Dream\" by Fyodor Dostoyevsky and","title":"Mark Prudkin"},{"id":"153595","text":"and \"Diary of a Writer\". His philosophy, particularly in \"Demons\", was deemed anti-capitalist but also anti-Communist and reactionary. The idea that Dostoevsky's writings were strictly censored under Soviet leadership is a myth: the writer was very popular and well received in the Soviet Union, his books selling over 34.4 million copies from 1917 to 1981, around 540 thousand copies per year. According to historian Boris Ilizarov, Stalin read Dostoevsky's \"The Brothers Karamazov\" several times. Dostoevsky's works of fiction include 15 novels and novellas, 17 short stories, and 5 translations. Many of his longer novels were first published in serialised form","title":"Fyodor Dostoevsky"},{"id":"1709046","text":"The Three Musketeers The Three Musketeers ( ) is a historical adventure novel written in 1844 by French author Alexandre Dumas. Situated between 1625 and 1628, it recounts the adventures of a young man named d'Artagnan (based on Charles de Batz-Castelmore d'Artagnan) after he leaves home to travel to Paris, to join the Musketeers of the Guard. Although d'Artagnan is not able to join this elite corps immediately, he befriends the three most formidable musketeers of the age – Athos, Porthos and Aramis, \"the three inseparables,\" as these are called – and gets involved in affairs of the state and","title":"The Three Musketeers"},{"id":"3005737","text":"as his \"cherub\". Ivan Fyodorovich Karamazov (a.k.a. Vanya, Vanka, Vanechka) is the 24-year-old middle son and first from Fyodor's second marriage to Sofia Ivanovna. He is disturbed especially by the apparently senseless suffering in the world. He says to Alyosha in the chapter \"Rebellion\" (Bk. 5, Ch. 4), \"It's not God that I don't accept, Alyosha, only I most respectfully return him the ticket.\" From an early age, Ivan is sullen and isolated. His father tells Alyosha that he fears Ivan more than Dmitri. Some of the most memorable and acclaimed passages of the novel involve Ivan, including the chapter","title":"The Brothers Karamazov"},{"id":"9470364","text":"was heavily influenced by \"The Grand Inquisitor\"—a chapter in Fyodor Dostoyevsky's novel \"The Brothers Karamazov\"—on the suggestion of Duchovny. The title of the episode is Aramaic for \"arise maiden,\" a reference to the healing power of Jeremiah Smith. At a fast food restaurant in Arlington, Virginia, a man draws a gun and shoots three people before he is shot by police snipers outside. An older man revives the gunman and his victims by touching them with the palms of his hands. Fox Mulder (David Duchovny) and Dana Scully (Gillian Anderson) arrive to investigate. They interview the victims and gunman, finding","title":"Talitha Cumi (The X-Files)"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"id\": \"6734468\",\n \"text\": \"characteristics which he sought and most admired, including that of Jesus Christ. Dostoevsky is believed to have based the character of Alyosha on his friend, Vladimir Solovyov, a Russian philosopher and poet who led a generous life, to the point of giving away his clothes to people in the street. Alyosha Karamazov Alyosha Karamazov () is the protagonist in \\\"The Brothers Karamazov\\\" by Fyodor Dostoevsky. His full name is given as Alexei Fyodorovich Karamazov and he is also referred to as Alyosha, Alyoshka, Alyoshenka, Alyoshechka, Alexeichik, Lyosha, and Lyoshenka. He is the youngest of the Karamazov brothers, being nineteen years\",\n \"title\": \"Alyosha Karamazov\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3005721\",\n \"text\": \"The Brothers Karamazov The Brothers Karamazov (, \\\"Brat'ya Karamazovy\\\", ), also translated as The Karamazov Brothers, is the final novel by the Russian author Fyodor Dostoevsky. Dostoevsky spent nearly two years writing \\\"The Brothers Karamazov\\\", which was published as a serial in \\\"The Russian Messenger\\\" from January 1879 to November 1880. Dostoevsky died less than four months after its publication. \\\"The Brothers Karamazov\\\" is a passionate philosophical novel set in 19th-century Russia, that enters deeply into the ethical debates of God, free will, and morality. It is a spiritual drama of moral struggles concerning faith, doubt, judgment, and reason, set\",\n \"title\": \"The Brothers Karamazov\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3005755\",\n \"text\": \"Kyodai\\\" (2013, created by Misato Sato) is a modern retelling of the book. Footnotes Bibliography The Brothers Karamazov The Brothers Karamazov (, \\\"Brat'ya Karamazovy\\\", ), also translated as The Karamazov Brothers, is the final novel by the Russian author Fyodor Dostoevsky. Dostoevsky spent nearly two years writing \\\"The Brothers Karamazov\\\", which was published as a serial in \\\"The Russian Messenger\\\" from January 1879 to November 1880. Dostoevsky died less than four months after its publication. \\\"The Brothers Karamazov\\\" is a passionate philosophical novel set in 19th-century Russia, that enters deeply into the ethical debates of God, free will, and morality.\",\n \"title\": \"The Brothers Karamazov\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"153515\",\n \"text\": \"Fyodor Dostoevsky Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky (; ; 11 November 18219 February 1881), sometimes transliterated Dostoyevsky, was a Russian novelist, short story writer, essayist, journalist and philosopher. Dostoevsky's literary works explore human psychology in the troubled political, social, and spiritual atmospheres of 19th-century Russia, and engage with a variety of philosophical and religious themes. His most acclaimed works include \\\"Crime and Punishment\\\" (1866), \\\"The Idiot\\\" (1869), \\\"Demons\\\" (1872) and \\\"The Brothers Karamazov\\\" (1880). Dostoevsky's oeuvre consists of 11 novels, three novellas, 17 short stories and numerous other works. Many literary critics rate him as one of the greatest psychologists in world\",\n \"title\": \"Fyodor Dostoevsky\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5724398\",\n \"text\": \"The Flying Karamazov Brothers The Flying Karamazov Brothers (FKB) are a juggling and comedy troupe who have been performing since 1973. They learned their trade performing as street artists in Santa Cruz, California. They began by busking, but have gone on to perform internationally, including on Broadway stages. The \\\"brothers\\\" take their act's name from the Fyodor Dostoevsky novel \\\"The Brothers Karamazov\\\", and draw parallels between themselves and the characters of the novel. Though they refer to themselves onstage as \\\"brothers\\\", none of them are actually blood relatives. The troupe is led by its sole remaining co-founder Paul David Magid\",\n \"title\": \"The Flying Karamazov Brothers\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6734464\",\n \"text\": \"Alyosha Karamazov Alyosha Karamazov () is the protagonist in \\\"The Brothers Karamazov\\\" by Fyodor Dostoevsky. His full name is given as Alexei Fyodorovich Karamazov and he is also referred to as Alyosha, Alyoshka, Alyoshenka, Alyoshechka, Alexeichik, Lyosha, and Lyoshenka. He is the youngest of the Karamazov brothers, being nineteen years old at the start of the novel. The preface and the opening chapter proclaim him as the hero. Dostoevsky intended to write a sequel, which would detail the rest of Alyosha's life, but died shortly after the publication of \\\"The Brothers Karamazov\\\". At the outset of the story Alyosha is\",\n \"title\": \"Alyosha Karamazov\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3005725\",\n \"text\": \"a personal tragedy altered the work. In May 1878, Dostoevsky's three-year-old son Alyosha died of epilepsy, a condition inherited from his father. The novelist's grief is apparent throughout the book; Dostoevsky named the hero Alyosha, as well as imbuing him with qualities which he sought and most admired. His loss is also reflected in the story of Captain Snegiryov and his young son Ilyusha. The death of his son brought Dostoevsky to the Optina Monastery later that year. There, he found inspiration for several aspects of \\\"The Brothers Karamazov\\\", though at the time he intended to write a novel about\",\n \"title\": \"The Brothers Karamazov\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3403344\",\n \"text\": \"Demons (Dostoevsky novel) Demons (pre-reform Russian: ; post-reform ; sometimes also called The Possessed or The Devils) is a novel by Fyodor Dostoevsky, first published in the journal \\\"The Russian Messenger\\\" in 1871–2. It is considered one of the four masterworks written by Dostoevsky after his return from Siberian exile, along with \\\"Crime and Punishment\\\" (1866), \\\"The Idiot\\\" (1869) and \\\"The Brothers Karamazov\\\" (1880). \\\"Demons\\\" is a social and political satire, a psychological drama, and large scale tragedy. Joyce Carol Oates has described it as \\\"Dostoevsky's most confused and violent novel, and his most satisfactorily 'tragic' work.\\\" According to Ronald\",\n \"title\": \"Demons (Dostoevsky novel)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8655093\",\n \"text\": \"minor league baseball career and the upheavals of the Vietnam War. It is also a deeply religious novel about love and family and spiritual growth and the difference between church and religion. The title is a reference to Dostoevsky's \\\"The Brothers Karamazov\\\" and to the baseball abbreviation for a strikeout. Papa Chance is a former MLB pitcher who has settled down with his wife in the mill town of Camas, Washington. They have six children. Everett Chance, the eldest, is a natural politician and powerful speaker whose passionate opposition to the Vietnam war creates much of the family tension in\",\n \"title\": \"The Brothers K\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1899867\",\n \"text\": \"of Serbia\\\", a reference to Karađorđe. The surname Karamazov, used in the Russian writer Fyodor Dostoyevsky's 1880 novel \\\"The Brothers Karamazov\\\", is believed to have partially been inspired by Karađorđe, whose exploits popularized the use of the prefix \\\"kara\\\" to mean \\\"black\\\" within Russia. Karađorđe's likeness was featured on the obverse of five-million dinar banknotes issued by the National Bank of Yugoslavia in 1993 and 1994. The anniversary of the First Serbian Uprising's commencement, 15 February, is celebrated annually in Serbia through a public holiday known as Statehood Day, first introduced in July 2001. A statue of Karađorđe stands in\",\n \"title\": \"Karađorđe\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19498089\",\n \"text\": \"Charles Darwin (1809–82) (\\\"On Origin of Species\\\") (1859), Ernst Mach (1838–1916), Henri Bergson (1859–1941), Friedrich Nietzsche (1844–1900), James G. Frazer (1854–1941), Karl Marx (1818–83) (\\\"Das Kapital\\\", 1867), and the psychoanalytic theories of Sigmund Freud (1856–1939), among others. The continental art movements of Impressionism, and later Cubism, were also important inspirations for modernist writers. Important literary precursors of modernism, were: Fyodor Dostoevsky (1821–81) (\\\"Crime and Punishment\\\" (1866), \\\"The Brothers Karamazov\\\" (1880); Walt Whitman (1819–92) (\\\"Leaves of Grass\\\") (1855–91); Charles Baudelaire (1821–67) (\\\"Les Fleurs du mal\\\"), Rimbaud (1854–91) (\\\"Illuminations\\\", 1874); August Strindberg (1849–1912), especially his later plays. A major British lyric poet\",\n \"title\": \"Twentieth-century English literature\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3005735\",\n \"text\": \"rumored to have fathered an illegitimate son, Pavel Fyodorovich Smerdyakov, whom he employs as his servant. Fyodor takes no interest in any of his sons, who are, as a result, raised apart from each other and their father. The relationship between Fyodor and his adult sons drives much of the plot in the novel. Dmitri Fyodorovich Karamazov (a.k.a. Mitya, Mitka, Mitenka, Mitri) is Fyodor Karamazov's eldest son and the only offspring of his first marriage, with Adelaida Ivanovna Miusov. Dmitri is considered to be a sensualist, much like his father, spending large amounts of money on nights filled with champagne,\",\n \"title\": \"The Brothers Karamazov\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3005754\",\n \"text\": \"and the First World War, Nobel Prize-winning author Hermann Hesse described Dostoevsky as not a \\\"poet\\\" but a \\\"prophet\\\". The acclaimed novelist W. Somerset Maugham included \\\"The Brothers Karamazov\\\" in his list of ten greatest novels in the world. Pope Benedict XVI cited this book in the 2007 encyclical \\\"Spe Salvi\\\". This is a list of the unabridged English translations of the novel: There have been several film adaptations of \\\"The Brothers Karamazov\\\". They include: A Russian 12-episode mini-series was produced in 2009, and is considered to be as close to the book as possible. The Japanese drama \\\"Karamazov no\",\n \"title\": \"The Brothers Karamazov\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18844306\",\n \"text\": \"Constance en tante Mathilde\\\" (\\\"Auntie Constanze and Auntie Mathilde\\\"). The title refers to The Brothers Karamazov, a well-known book by Russian writer, Fyodor Dostoyevsky. The melody of the chorus was derived from the first part of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart’s \\\"\\\"Piano Sonata nr. 11 in A major (KV 331)\\\".\\\" In 2013, the American actress Christina Applegate explained to talkshow host Conan O'Brien that her (Dutch) husband was teaching this song to their little daughter. De Zusters Karamazov \\\"De Zusters Karamazov\\\" (The Karamazov Sisters) is a song from 1957 by Dutch poet and writer Drs. P. The song describes the sad history\",\n \"title\": \"De Zusters Karamazov\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"615633\",\n \"text\": \"and a relatively small reference group to relate to, such as the band, clan, or tribe. In Albert Camus's existentialist novel \\\"The Stranger\\\", the bored, alienated protagonist Meursault struggles to construct an individual system of values as he responds to the disappearance of the old. He exists largely in a state of anomie, as seen from the apathy evinced in the opening lines: \\\"\\\" (\\\"Today mother died. Or maybe yesterday, I don't know\\\"). Fyodor Dostoyevsky expressed a similar concern about anomie in his novel \\\"The Brothers Karamazov\\\". The Grand Inquisitor remarks that in the absence of God and immortal life,\",\n \"title\": \"Anomie\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4394203\",\n \"text\": \"The Brothers Karamazov (1958 film) The Brothers Karamazov is a 1958 film made by MGM, based on Fyodor Dostoevsky's novel \\\"The Brothers Karamazov\\\". It was directed by Richard Brooks and produced by Pandro S. Berman. The screenplay was by Julius J. Epstein, Philip G. Epstein and Richard Brooks. It was entered into the 1958 Cannes Film Festival. The brothers are played by Yul Brynner, Richard Basehart and William Shatner in his film debut. The story follows Fyodor, the patriarch of the Karamazov family, and his sons. When he tries to decide on an heir, the tensions between the brothers run\",\n \"title\": \"The Brothers Karamazov (1958 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4649528\",\n \"text\": \"La Fayette's \\\"The Princess of Cleves\\\" are considered early precursors of the psychological novel. The modern psychological novel originated, according to \\\"The Encyclopedia of the Novel\\\", primarily in the works of Nobel laureate Knut Hamsun – in particular, \\\"Hunger\\\" (1890), \\\"Mysteries\\\" (1892), \\\"Pan\\\" (1894) and \\\"Victoria\\\" (1898). One of the greatest writers of the genre was Fyodor Dostoyevsky. His novels deal strongly with ideas, and characters who embody these ideas, how they play out in real world circumstances, and the value of them, most notably \\\"The Brothers Karamazov\\\" and \\\"Crime and Punishment\\\". In the literature of the United States, Henry\",\n \"title\": \"Psychological fiction\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3150655\",\n \"text\": \"The Grand Inquisitor \\\"The Grand Inquisitor\\\" is a poem in Fyodor Dostoevsky's novel \\\"The Brothers Karamazov\\\" (1879–1880). It is recited by Ivan Karamazov, who questions the possibility of a personal and benevolent God, to his brother Alexei (Alyosha), a novice monk. \\\"The Grand Inquisitor\\\" is an important part of the novel and one of the best-known passages in because of its ideas about human nature and freedom, and its fundamental ambiguity. Scholars cite Friedrich Schiller's play \\\"Don Carlos\\\" (1787) as a major inspiration for Dostoevsky's Grand Inquisitor, while also noting that \\\"The sources of the legend are extraordinarily varied and\",\n \"title\": \"The Grand Inquisitor\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3005722\",\n \"text\": \"against a modernizing Russia, with a plot which revolves around the subject of patricide. Dostoevsky composed much of the novel in Staraya Russa, which inspired the main setting. Since its publication, it has been acclaimed as one of the supreme achievements in world literature. Although Dostoevsky began his first notes for \\\"The Brothers Karamazov\\\" in April 1878, he had written several unfinished works years earlier. He would incorporate some elements into his future work, particularly from the planned epos \\\"The Life of a Great Sinner\\\", which he began work on in the summer of 1869. It eventually remained unfinished after\",\n \"title\": \"The Brothers Karamazov\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10971188\",\n \"text\": \"a slightly sad air. In the end, Kandata condemned himself by being concerned only with his own salvation and not that of others. But Paradise continues on as it has, and it is nearly noontime there. Thus the Buddha continues his meanderings. Akutagawa was known for piecing together many different sources for many of his stories, and \\\"The Spider's Thread\\\" is no exception. He read Fyodor Dostoevsky's \\\"The Brothers Karamazov\\\" in English translation sometime between 1917 and 1918, and the story of \\\"The Spider's Thread\\\" is a retell of a very short fable from the novel known as the Fable\",\n \"title\": \"The Spider's Thread\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4989911\",\n \"text\": \"behind the restoration of the Cathedral of Christ the Saviour and one of the co-founders of the All-Russian Society for Protection of Historical and Cultural Monuments (VOOPIiK). Glazunov died from heart failure on 9 July 2017 at the age of 87. He was buried at the Novodevichy Cemetery on July 11. Illustrations for F. Dostoyevsky's novel \\\"The Brothers Karamazov\\\": A minor planet, 3616 Glazunov, discovered by Soviet astronomer Lyudmila Zhuravlyova in 1984, is named after him. Ilya Glazunov Ilya Glazunov (; 10 June 1930 – 9 July 2017) was a Russian artist from Saint Petersburg. He was the founder of\",\n \"title\": \"Ilya Glazunov\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5976218\",\n \"text\": \"the play \\\"Julius of Tarent\\\" (1774) by Johann Anton Leisewitz, a play Friedrich Schiller considered a favourite. Other characters The play is referred to in Dostoyevsky's \\\"The Brothers Karamazov\\\". Fyodor Karamazov compares himself to Count von Moor, whilst comparing his eldest son, Dmitri, to Franz Moor, and Ivan Karamazov to Karl Moor. It is also referred to in the first chapter of Ivan Turgenev's \\\"First Love\\\" and in chapter 28 of Charlotte Brontë's Jane Eyre. Peter Newmark notes three translations in the \\\"Encyclopedia of Literary Translation\\\": Klaus van den Berg has compared the Lamport and MacDonald translations, \\\"The two most\",\n \"title\": \"The Robbers\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"498155\",\n \"text\": \"pronounced \\\"\\\"OH-meh-lahss\\\"\\\". Le Guin hit upon the name of the town on seeing a road sign for Salem, Oregon, in a car mirror. \\\"[… People ask me] 'Where \\\"do\\\" you get your ideas from, Ms. Le Guin?' From forgetting Dostoyevsky and reading road signs backwards, naturally. Where else?\\\" \\\"The central idea of this psychomyth, the scapegoat\\\", writes Le Guin, \\\"turns up in Dostoyevsky's \\\"Brothers Karamazov\\\", and several people have asked me, rather suspiciously, why I gave the credit to William James. The fact is, I haven't been able to re-read Dostoyevsky, much as I loved him, since I was twenty-five,\",\n \"title\": \"The Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"135767\",\n \"text\": \"the room below from time to time. Notes Bibliography The Trial The Trial (original German title: , later , and ) is a novel written by Franz Kafka between 1914 and 1915 and published posthumously in 1925. One of his most well-known works, it tells the story of Josef K., a man arrested and prosecuted by a remote, inaccessible authority, with the nature of his crime revealed neither to him nor to the reader. Heavily influenced by Dostoyevsky's \\\"Crime and Punishment\\\" and \\\"The Brothers Karamazov\\\", Kafka even went so far as to call Dostoyevsky a blood relative. Like Kafka's other\",\n \"title\": \"The Trial\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"261473\",\n \"text\": \"twentieth-century novelists,\\\" especially those Modernists who used the stream of consciousness technique, such as Dorothy Richardson, James Joyce, and Virginia Woolf (1882–1941). Also important in Bergson's philosophy was the idea of \\\"élan vital\\\", the life force, which \\\"brings about the creative evolution of everything.\\\" His philosophy also placed a high value on intuition, though without rejecting the importance of the intellect. Important literary precursors of modernism were Fyodor Dostoyevsky (1821–1881), who wrote the novels \\\"Crime and Punishment\\\" (1866) and \\\"The Brothers Karamazov\\\" (1880); Walt Whitman (1819–1892), who published the poetry collection \\\"Leaves of Grass\\\" (1855–1891); and August Strindberg (1849–1912), especially\",\n \"title\": \"Modernism\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8286918\",\n \"text\": \"or the Victim of the Inquisition\\\", which has been attributed to Spaniard Luiz Gutiérrez, and is based on the case of María de Bohórquez, ferociously criticizes the Inquisition and its representatives. The Inquisition also appears in one of the chapters of the novel \\\"The Brothers Karamazov\\\" (1880) by Fyodor Dostoevsky, which imagines an encounter between Jesus and the Inquisitor General. One of the best known stories of Edgar Allan Poe, \\\"The Pit and the Pendulum\\\", explores along the same lines the use of torture by the Inquisition. The novel Cornelia Bororquia was published in France, probably by a French writer\",\n \"title\": \"Spanish Inquisition\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12603529\",\n \"text\": \"attempts to sue God. In the episode \\\"\\\" (2006–2007) of the television legal drama comedy \\\"Boston Legal\\\", a woman sues God for the death of her husband. \\\"God in the Dock\\\", a 1980 episode of Christian TV series \\\"Insight\\\", features Richard Beymer as God put on trial by humanity. In the Fyodor Dostoyevsky novel \\\"The Brothers Karamazov\\\" (1880), one of the characters tells the story of a grand inquisitor in Spain who meets an incarnation of Jesus, interrogates him and exiles him. Former Auschwitz concentration camp inmate Elie Wiesel is said to have witnessed three Jewish prisoners try God \\\"in\",\n \"title\": \"Lawsuits against God\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"153605\",\n \"text\": \"a fellow conspirator. Pyotr plans to have Kirillov, who is committed to killing himself, take credit for the murder in his suicide note. Kirillov complies and Pyotr murders Shatov, but his scheme goes awry. Pyotr escapes, but the remainder of his aspiring revolutionary crew is arrested. In the denouement, Nikolai kills himself, tortured by his own misdeeds. At nearly 800 pages, \\\"The Brothers Karamazov\\\" is Dostoevsky's largest work. It received both critical and popular acclaim and is often cited as his \\\"magnum opus\\\". Composed of 12 \\\"books\\\", the novel tells the story of the novice Alyosha Karamazov, the non-believer Ivan\",\n \"title\": \"Fyodor Dostoevsky\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19331337\",\n \"text\": \"In Boundlessness In Boundlessness () is a second major poetry collection by Konstantin Balmont, first published in 1895 in Moscow. Following \\\"Under the Northern Sky\\\", it features 95 poems, some of which bear first signs of the author's experiments with the Russian language's musical and rhythmical structures he would later become famous for. The book came with an epigraph from Fyodor Dostoyevsky's \\\"The Brothers Karamazov\\\": \\\"Kiss the earth and love tirelessly and insatiably; love everyone and everything, keep seeking delight and ecstasy.\\\" Balmont read \\\"Crime and Punishment\\\" at sixteen, and \\\"The Brothers Karamazov\\\" a year later. \\\"It gave me more\",\n \"title\": \"In Boundlessness\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3005741\",\n \"text\": \"and, like Dostoevsky, suffers from epilepsy. The narrator notes that as a child, Smerdyakov collected stray cats to hang and bury them. Generally aloof, Smerdyakov admires Ivan and shares his atheism. Agrafena Alexandrovna Svetlova (a.k.a. Grushenka, Grusha, Grushka), a beautiful 22-year-old, is the local Jezebel and has an uncanny charm for men. In her youth she was jilted by a Polish officer and subsequently came under the protection of a tyrannical miser. The episode leaves Grushenka with an urge for independence and control of her life. Grushenka inspires complete admiration and lust in both Fyodor and Dmitri Karamazov. Their rivalry\",\n \"title\": \"The Brothers Karamazov\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10525103\",\n \"text\": \"German label Exile On Mainstream. Extensive touring has included supporting Clutch on a 2005 US tour, and in the UK in 2006 they toured with Clutch and Corrosion of Conformity. The band gets its name from a character in the 1880 Russian novel The Brothers Karamazov by Fyodor Dostoevsky. Stinking Lizaveta Stinking Lizaveta is a power trio from Philadelphia that plays heavy instrumental rock. MusicMight categorizes them as \\\"doom jazz\\\". Their 1996 debut album \\\"Hopelessness and Shame\\\" was recorded by Steve Albini. Albini was so impressed by them, he brought them to the All Tomorrow's Parties festival he co-curated in\",\n \"title\": \"Stinking Lizaveta\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3005723\",\n \"text\": \"Dostoevsky was interested in the Nechayev affair, which involved a group of radicals murdering one of their former members. He picked up that story and started with \\\"Demons\\\". The unfinished \\\"Drama in Tobolsk\\\" (Драма. В Тобольске) is considered the first draft of the first chapter of \\\"The Brothers Karamazov\\\". Dated 13 September 1874, it tells about a fictional murder in Staraya Russa committed by a \\\"praporshchik\\\" named Dmitry Ilynskov (based on a real soldier from Omsk), who is thought to have murdered his father. It goes on noting that his body was suddenly discovered in a pit under a house.\",\n \"title\": \"The Brothers Karamazov\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3005747\",\n \"text\": \"writing about Einstein's admiration of the novel, wrote, \\\"\\\"The Brothers Karamazov\\\" - that for him in 1919 was the supreme summit of all literature. It remained so when I talked to him in 1937, and probably until the end of his life.\\\" Sigmund Freud called it \\\"the most magnificent novel ever written\\\" and was fascinated with the book for its Oedipal themes. In 1928 Freud published a paper titled \\\"Dostoevsky and Parricide\\\" in which he investigated Dostoevsky's own neuroses. Freud claimed that Dostoevsky's epilepsy was not a natural condition but instead a physical manifestation of the author's hidden guilt over\",\n \"title\": \"The Brothers Karamazov\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"135740\",\n \"text\": \"The Trial The Trial (original German title: , later , and ) is a novel written by Franz Kafka between 1914 and 1915 and published posthumously in 1925. One of his most well-known works, it tells the story of Josef K., a man arrested and prosecuted by a remote, inaccessible authority, with the nature of his crime revealed neither to him nor to the reader. Heavily influenced by Dostoyevsky's \\\"Crime and Punishment\\\" and \\\"The Brothers Karamazov\\\", Kafka even went so far as to call Dostoyevsky a blood relative. Like Kafka's other novels, \\\"The Trial\\\" was never completed, although it does\",\n \"title\": \"The Trial\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7309099\",\n \"text\": \"also sought to come to terms with the new industrial age. The works of the Englishman Charles Dickens (including his novels \\\"Oliver Twist\\\" and \\\"A Christmas Carol\\\") and the Frenchman Victor Hugo (including \\\"Les Miserables\\\") remain among the best known and widely influential. The first great Russian novelist was Nikolai Gogol (\\\"Dead Souls\\\"). Then came Ivan Goncharov, Nikolai Leskov and Ivan Turgenev. Leo Tolstoy (\\\"War and Peace\\\", \\\"Anna Karenina\\\") and Fyodor Dostoevsky (\\\"Crime and Punishment\\\", \\\"The Idiot\\\", \\\"The Brothers Karamazov\\\") soon became internationally renowned to the point that many scholars such as F. R. Leavis have described one or the\",\n \"title\": \"History of Western civilization\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"153524\",\n \"text\": \"When a nine-year-old girl had been raped by a drunk, he was asked to fetch his father to attend to her. The incident haunted him, and the theme of the desire of a mature man for a young girl appears in \\\"The Devils\\\", \\\"The Brothers Karamazov\\\", \\\"Crime and Punishment\\\", and other writings. An incident involving a family servant, or serf, in the estate in Darovoye, is described in \\\"The Peasant Marey\\\": when the young Dostoevsky imagines hearing a wolf in the forest, Marey, who is working nearby, comforts him. Although Dostoevsky had a delicate physical constitution, his parents described him\",\n \"title\": \"Fyodor Dostoevsky\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3150663\",\n \"text\": \"After relating the tale, Ivan asks Alyosha if he \\\"renounces\\\" Ivan for his views. Alyosha responds by giving Ivan a soft kiss on the lips, to which the delighted Ivan replies: \\\"That's plagiarism... Thank you, though\\\". The brothers part soon afterward. The Grand Inquisitor \\\"The Grand Inquisitor\\\" is a poem in Fyodor Dostoevsky's novel \\\"The Brothers Karamazov\\\" (1879–1880). It is recited by Ivan Karamazov, who questions the possibility of a personal and benevolent God, to his brother Alexei (Alyosha), a novice monk. \\\"The Grand Inquisitor\\\" is an important part of the novel and one of the best-known passages in because\",\n \"title\": \"The Grand Inquisitor\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1557654\",\n \"text\": \"While Vonnegut re-uses characters, the characters are frequently rebooted and do not necessarily maintain the same biographical details from appearance to appearance. Kilgore Trout in particular is palpably a different person (although with distinct, consistent character traits) in each of his appearances in Vonnegut's work. Mr. Rosewater says that Fyodor Dostoyevsky's novel \\\"The Brothers Karamazov\\\" contains \\\"everything there was to know about life.\\\" Vonnegut refers to \\\"The Marriage of Heaven and Hell\\\" when talking about William Blake, Billy's hospital mate's favorite poet. In the \\\"Twayne's United States Authors\\\" series volume on Kurt Vonnegut, about the protagonist's name, Stanley Schatt says:\",\n \"title\": \"Slaughterhouse-Five\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6004270\",\n \"text\": \"These various thinkers were united by a distrust of Victorian positivism and certainty. Modernism as a literary movement can also be seen as a reaction to industrialization, urbanization and new technologies. Important literary precursors of modernism were Fyodor Dostoyevsky (1821–81) (\\\"Crime and Punishment\\\" (1866), \\\"The Brothers Karamazov\\\" (1880)); Walt Whitman (1819–92) (\\\"Leaves of Grass\\\") (1855–91); Charles Baudelaire (1821–67) (\\\"Les Fleurs du mal\\\"), Rimbaud (1854–91) (\\\"Illuminations\\\", 1874); August Strindberg (1849–1912), especially his later plays, including the trilogy \\\"To Damascus\\\" 1898–1901, \\\"A Dream Play\\\" (1902), \\\"The Ghost Sonata\\\" (1907). Initially, some modernists fostered a utopian spirit, stimulated by innovations in anthropology, psychology,\",\n \"title\": \"Literary modernism\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3005726\",\n \"text\": \"childhood instead. Parts of the biographical section of Zosima's life are based on \\\"The Life of the Elder Leonid\\\", a text he found at Optina and copied \\\"almost word for word\\\". Although written in the 19th century, \\\"The Brothers Karamazov\\\" displays a number of modern elements. Dostoevsky composed the book with a variety of literary techniques. Though privy to many of the thoughts and feelings of the protagonists, the narrator is a self-proclaimed writer; he discusses his own mannerisms and personal perceptions so often in the novel that he becomes a character. Through his descriptions, the narrator's voice merges imperceptibly\",\n \"title\": \"The Brothers Karamazov\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15215823\",\n \"text\": \"Karadağlar Karadağlar is a Turkish television drama loosely based on the novel \\\"The Brothers Karamazov\\\" by Fyodor Dostoyevsky. It airs on Show TV every week on Monday evenings at 20:00 , and is repeated on Wednesdays at 23:00, as well as on Sundays at 16:45. \\\"Karadağlar\\\" is set in the 1930s, when Turkey was suffering the effects of the Great Depression, and it focuses on the generally strained relationships of the landowner, Halit Karadağ, with his sons, as well as the relationships between his sons. Set in the fictional village of Payidar, the series also shows the tensions that exist\",\n \"title\": \"Karadağlar\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1239503\",\n \"text\": \"historical architecture, a classic Texas town square, modern art installments, art galleries, and the Marfa lights. Marfa was founded in the early 1880s as a railroad water stop. The town was named \\\"Marfa\\\" (Russian for \\\"Martha\\\") at the suggestion of the wife of a railroad executive. Although some historians have hypothesized that the name came from a character in Fyodor Dostoevsky's novel \\\"The Brothers Karamazov\\\", Marfa was actually named after Marfa Strogoff, a character in Jules Verne's novel \\\"Michael Strogoff\\\". The town grew quickly during the 1920s. The Marfa Army Airfield served as a training facility for several thousand pilots\",\n \"title\": \"Marfa, Texas\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3005740\",\n \"text\": \"his family. In a secondary plotline, Alyosha befriends a group of school boys, whose fate adds a hopeful message to the conclusion of the novel. Pavel Fyodorovich Smerdyakov, widely rumored to be the illegitimate son of Fyodor Karamazov, is the son of \\\"Reeking Lizaveta\\\", a mute woman of the street who died in childbirth. His name, Smerdyakov, means \\\"son of the 'reeking one'\\\". He was brought up by Fyodor Karamazov's trusted servant Grigory Vasilievich Kutuzov and his wife Marfa. Smerdyakov grows up in the Karamazov house as a servant, working as Fyodor's lackey and cook. He is morose and sullen,\",\n \"title\": \"The Brothers Karamazov\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1501782\",\n \"text\": \"aging and disease as examples of factors that limit human freedom. The philosopher Slavoj Žižek, writing in \\\"Absolute Recoil: Towards a New Foundation of Dialectical Materialism\\\" (2004), argued that there is a parallel between Sartre's views and claims made by the character Father Zosima in Fyodor Dostoyevsky's novel \\\"The Brothers Karamazov\\\" (1880): whereas Sartre believes that with total freedom comes total responsibility, for Father Zosima \\\"each of us must make us responsible for all men's sins\\\". Existentialism Is a Humanism Existentialism Is a Humanism () is a 1946 work by the philosopher Jean-Paul Sartre, based on a lecture by the\",\n \"title\": \"Existentialism Is a Humanism\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"125397\",\n \"text\": \"thinking. The first important literary author also important to existentialism was the Russian Fyodor Dostoyevsky. Dostoyevsky's \\\"Notes from Underground\\\" portrays a man unable to fit into society and unhappy with the identities he creates for himself. Jean-Paul Sartre, in his book on existentialism \\\"Existentialism is a Humanism\\\", quoted Dostoyevsky's \\\"The Brothers Karamazov\\\" as an example of existential crisis. Sartre attributes Ivan Karamazov's claim, \\\"If God did not exist, everything would be permitted\\\" to Dostoyevsky himself, though this quote does not appear in the novel. However, a similar sentiment is explicitly stated when Alyosha visits Dimitri in prison. Dimitri mentions his\",\n \"title\": \"Existentialism\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11424175\",\n \"text\": \"the same name) where he performed the role of the uncle. In cinema he got his big break when director Elem Klimov offered him the lead role in the satiric film \\\"Adventures of a Dentist\\\" (1965). His next work in cinema was a role of Alyosha in critically acclaimed \\\"The Brothers Karamazov\\\" (1969) based on Dostoevsky's eponymous novel, which made him known. In 1975 he shot to stardom in the enormously popular comedy-drama film \\\"The Irony of Fate\\\" as a surgeon Zhenya Lukashin. In 1977 he starred in another Ryazanov hit, \\\"Office Romance\\\", as timid statistician Anatoly Novoseltsev, alongside Alisa\",\n \"title\": \"Andrey Myagkov\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6734466\",\n \"text\": \"of school boys whose fate adds a hopeful message to the conclusion of an otherwise tragic novel. Alyosha's place in the novel is usually that of a messenger or witness to the actions of his brothers and others. He is very close to Dmitri. Alyosha is depicted as a positive character, kind, loving and sensitive. Anna-Teresa Tymieniecka states that Alyosha, like Prince Myshkin, the protagonist in another Dostoyevsky novel, \\\"The Idiot\\\", are almost Jesus-like characters, who are nevertheless unable to prevent the suffering of those around them. She suggests that as a witness or messenger, Alyosha is not a true\",\n \"title\": \"Alyosha Karamazov\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20215178\",\n \"text\": \"now known) joined the Moscow Art Theatre where his premiere parts included Varlaam (in Alexander Pushkin's \\\"Boris Godunov\\\", 1907), Someone in Grey (\\\"The Life of Man\\\", 1907), the Mayor (\\\"Revizor\\\", 1908), Bolshintsov (\\\"A Month in the Country\\\", Ivan Turgenev, 1909) and Grigory (\\\"The Karamazov Brothers\\\", after Dostoyevsky's novel, 1910). In 1911 Uralov left the theatre to join Alexandrinka; Stanislavsky later called MAT's decision to let him go a 'regrettable mistake'. During his eight years stint with the Alexanrinsky Theatre (which he in 1918 became one of the administrators of), Uralov has made his mark with his \\\"juicy, fulsome realism\\\"; his\",\n \"title\": \"Ilya Uralov\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3005746\",\n \"text\": \"One: \\\"A Nice Little Family\\\" Book Two: \\\"An Inappropriate Gathering\\\" Book Three: \\\"Sensualists\\\" Book Four: \\\"Lacerations/Strains\\\" Book Five: \\\"Pro and Contra\\\" Book Six: \\\"The Russian Monk\\\" Book Seven: \\\"Alyosha\\\" Book Eight: \\\"Mitya\\\" Book Nine: \\\"The Preliminary Investigation\\\" Book Ten: \\\"Boys\\\" Book Eleven: \\\"Brother Ivan Fyodorovich\\\" Book Twelve: \\\"A Judicial Error\\\" Epilogue \\\"The Brothers Karamazov\\\" has had a deep influence on many writers, philosophers, and public figures over the years. Admirers of the novel include Albert Einstein, Sigmund Freud, Ludwig Wittgenstein, Martin Heidegger, Cormac McCarthy, Kurt Vonnegut, Haruki Murakami, Vladimir Putin, Frederick Buechner Laura Bush, and Hillary Clinton. C. P. Snow,\",\n \"title\": \"The Brothers Karamazov\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3630128\",\n \"text\": \"in 1996 with \\\"Everyone Says I Love You\\\", Allen did in fact shoot a number of films abroad. Coming between Allen's \\\"Sleeper\\\" and \\\"Annie Hall\\\", \\\"Love and Death\\\" is in many respects an artistic transition between the two. Allen pays tribute to the humor of The Marx Brothers, Bob Hope and Charlie Chaplin throughout the film. The dialogue and scenarios parody Russian novels, particularly those by Dostoyevsky and Tolstoy, such as \\\"The Brothers Karamazov\\\", \\\"Crime and Punishment\\\", \\\"The Gambler\\\", \\\"The Idiot\\\" and \\\"War and Peace\\\". This includes a dialogue between Boris and his father in which each line alludes to,\",\n \"title\": \"Love and Death\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6396526\",\n \"text\": \"townspeople have already congregated. He musters enough strength to climb the scaffold on his own. In the ensuing moments, M'sieur Pierre dons his apron and demonstrates to Cincinnatus how to lay on the block. Cincinnatus begins counting backwards from ten in preparation for the apparent beheading. Suddenly, he gets up and walks down the scaffolding, presumably free from his physical body and existence. Some suggest that the names of Rodion, Rodrig Ivanovich, and Roman Vissarionovich are taken from that of Rodion Romanovich Raskolnikov, protagonist of Fyodor Dostoyevsky's 1866 novel, \\\"Crime and Punishment\\\". Nabokov employs a wide range of symbols and\",\n \"title\": \"Invitation to a Beheading\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15215824\",\n \"text\": \"between the area's rich landowners and poor villagers. Karadağlar Karadağlar is a Turkish television drama loosely based on the novel \\\"The Brothers Karamazov\\\" by Fyodor Dostoyevsky. It airs on Show TV every week on Monday evenings at 20:00 , and is repeated on Wednesdays at 23:00, as well as on Sundays at 16:45. \\\"Karadağlar\\\" is set in the 1930s, when Turkey was suffering the effects of the Great Depression, and it focuses on the generally strained relationships of the landowner, Halit Karadağ, with his sons, as well as the relationships between his sons. Set in the fictional village of Payidar,\",\n \"title\": \"Karadağlar\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12694114\",\n \"text\": \"Dostoevsky Museum The F. M. Dostoyevsky Literary Memorial Museum (Государственный Литературно-мемориальный музей Ф. М. Достоевского), located on Kuznechny Lane 5/2 in Saint Petersburg, was opened on November 12, 1971 in the former apartment of the famous writer. Fyodor Dostoyevsky lived in the apartment twice during his life: first for a short period in 1846 in the beginnings of his career, and later from October 1878 until his death in January 1881. The apartment was his home during the composition of some of his most notable works, including \\\"\\\" and \\\"The Brothers Karamazov\\\". The apartment has been reconstructed based on the\",\n \"title\": \"Dostoevsky Museum\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8693191\",\n \"text\": \"was satisfied by the punishments he had inflicted on himself, the inhibition on his work became less severe.” Dostoevsky and Parricide \\\"Dostoevsky and Parricide\\\" () is an introductory article contributed by Sigmund Freud to a scholarly collection on \\\"The Brothers Karamazov\\\" by Fyodor Dostoyevsky. The collection was published in 1928. The article argues that it is no coincidence that some of the greatest works of world literature - including \\\"Oedipus Rex\\\", \\\"Hamlet\\\", as well as \\\"The Brothers Karamazov\\\" – all concern parricide, which in Dostoevsky's case Freud links to his epilepsy. Ernest Jones termed the piece “Freud's last contribution to\",\n \"title\": \"Dostoevsky and Parricide\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18811568\",\n \"text\": \"The Murderer Dimitri Karamazov The Murderer Dimitri Karamazov () is a 1931 German drama film directed by Erich Engels and Fedor Ozep, starring Fritz Kortner and Anna Sten. It tells the story of a lieutenant who is suspected of having murdered his father. The film is based on motifs from Fyodor Dostoyevsky's novel \\\"The Brothers Karamazov\\\". The film was produced by Terra Film. Filming took place from 22 October to 24 November 1930. The film's sets were designed by the art directors Heinrich Richter and Victor Trivas. The British film critic Raymond Durgnat wrote in a 1993 article about Ozep\",\n \"title\": \"The Murderer Dimitri Karamazov\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7205636\",\n \"text\": \"Richard Pevear and Larissa Volokhonsky Richard Pevear and Larissa Volokhonsky (, ) are a couple who are best known for their collaborative translations. Most of their translations are of works in Russian, but also French, Italian, and Greek. Their translations have been nominated three times and twice won the PEN/Book-of-the-Month Club Translation Prize (for Tolstoy's \\\"Anna Karenina\\\" and Dostoevsky's \\\"The Brothers Karamazov\\\"). Their translation of Dostoevsky's \\\"The Idiot\\\" also won the first Efim Etkind Translation Prize. Richard Pevear was born in Waltham, Massachusetts on 21 April 1943. Pevear earned a B.A. degree from Allegheny College in 1964, and a M.A.\",\n \"title\": \"Richard Pevear and Larissa Volokhonsky\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"50045\",\n \"text\": \"d'Or, is heavily influenced by the themes of the Book of Job, as the film starts with a quote from the beginning of God's speech to Job. A 2014 Malayalam film called \\\"Iyobinte Pusthakam\\\" tells the story of a man who is losing everything in his life and also has parallels with Dostoevsky's (\\\"The Brothers Karamazov\\\"). The Russian film \\\"Leviathan\\\" also draws themes from the Book of Job. The 2015 critically acclaimed novel, \\\"The Suffering of Innocents\\\", by Marc Zirogiannis is loosely based on the Book of Job and asks the question, \\\"Why Do the Righteous Suffer?\\\". In 2015 two\",\n \"title\": \"Book of Job\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"153587\",\n \"text\": \"of which profoundly influenced \\\"The Trial\\\". Sigmund Freud called \\\"The Brothers Karamazov\\\" \\\"the most magnificent novel ever written\\\". Modern cultural movements such as the surrealists, the existentialists and the Beats cite Dostoevsky as an influence, and he is cited as the forerunner of Russian symbolism, existentialism, expressionism and psychoanalysis. In 1956 an olive-green postage stamp dedicated to Dostoevsky was released in the Soviet Union, with a print run of 1,000 copies. A Dostoevsky Museum was opened on 12 November 1971 in the apartment where he wrote his first and final novels. A crater on Mercury was named after him in\",\n \"title\": \"Fyodor Dostoevsky\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3005728\",\n \"text\": \"the attorney Fetyukovich (based on Vladimir Spasovich) is characterized by malapropisms (e.g. 'robbed' for 'stolen', and at one point declares possible suspects in the murder 'irresponsible' rather than innocent). Several plot digressions provide insight into other apparently minor characters. For example, the narrative in Book Six is almost entirely devoted to Zosima's biography, which contains a confession from a man whom he met many years before. Dostoevsky does not rely on a single source or a group of major characters to convey the themes of this book, but uses a variety of viewpoints, narratives and characters throughout. Although \\\"The Brothers\",\n \"title\": \"The Brothers Karamazov\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3005752\",\n \"text\": \"Wallace's novel \\\"Infinite Jest\\\". Joseph Stalin had read Dostoevsky since his youth and considered the author as a great psychologist. His copy of \\\"The Brothers Karamazov\\\" reveals extensive highlights and notes in the margins that he made while reading the work, which have been studied and analyzed by multiple researchers. The President of the Russian Federation Vladimir Putin has described \\\"The Brothers Karamazov\\\" as one of his favorite books. According to Serbian state news agency Tanjug, Serbian president Aleksandar Vučić described Fyodor Dostoevsky as his dearest novelist. He also said that \\\"\\\"The Brothers Karamazov\\\" may be the best work of\",\n \"title\": \"The Brothers Karamazov\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14684179\",\n \"text\": \"other. Together they decided to go into the studio to record. Their first release was an extended play, \\\"The Verse, the Chorus,\\\" produced by Eli Thomson in Los Angeles, California. At the time the band did not have a name, but during a discussion about the nameless project Eli Thompson suggested \\\"Ivan and Alyosha\\\" from the 'Brothers Karamazov'. The two original members were fans of the genre and the name stuck. Ivan & Alyosha performed in Texas at SXSW 2010. The band derives its name from two characters of Fyodor Dostoevsky's masterwork The Brothers Karamazov. The two characters hold opposite\",\n \"title\": \"Ivan & Alyosha\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4645776\",\n \"text\": \"Theatre Guild. He briefly studied Stanislavski's system under the tutelage of Richard Boleslavsky (Carnickle 39), and became Jacques Copeau's translator/assistant on his production of \\\"The Brothers Karamazov\\\", based on the novel by the Russian writer Fyodor Dostoevsky. Clurman began work as an actor in New York. He felt that the standard American theater, though successful at the box office, was not providing the experience which he wanted. He said, \\\"I was interested in what the theater was going to say ... The theater must say something. It must relate to society. It must relate to the world we live in.\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"Harold Clurman\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"866326\",\n \"text\": \"story that influence the hero's actions (there are others that even the author himself admits are purely digressive). A commonly independently anthologised story is \\\"The Grand Inquisitor\\\" by Dostoevsky from his long psychological novel \\\"The Brothers Karamazov\\\", which is told by one brother to another to explain, in part, his view on religion and morality. It also, in a succinct way, dramatizes many of Dostoevsky's interior conflicts. An example of a \\\"bonus material\\\" style inner story is the chapter \\\"The Town Ho's Story\\\" in Herman Melville's novel \\\"Moby-Dick\\\"; that chapter tells a fully formed story of an exciting mutiny and\",\n \"title\": \"Story within a story\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4423150\",\n \"text\": \"in competition at the 1990 Cannes Film Festival. Oliveira then made \\\"The Divine Comedy\\\" (\\\"A Divina Comédia\\\") in 1991. Set in a mental institution, the film is not an adaptation of Dante Alighieri's famous work but is derived from stories in the Bible, José Régio's play \\\"A Salvacao do Mundo\\\", Fyodor Dostoyevsky's \\\"Crime and Punishment\\\" and \\\"The Brothers Karamazov\\\", and Friedrich Nietzsche's \\\"Antichrist\\\". Oliveira stated that all of the texts he uses \\\"deal in some way with the problem of sin and the possibility of redemption, and in this sense they all derive ultimately from the same source.\\\" The film\",\n \"title\": \"Manoel de Oliveira\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13706078\",\n \"text\": \"escapes. The anti-Catholic Gothic tradition continued with Charlotte Brontë's semi-autobiographical novel \\\"Villette\\\" (1853). Bronte explores the culture clash between the heroine's English Protestantism and the Catholicism of the environment at her school in 'Villette' (aka Brussels) before magisterially pronouncing \\\"God is not with Rome.\\\" In a chapter of Fyodor Dostoevsky's \\\"The Brothers Karamazov\\\" called \\\"The Grand Inquisitor\\\", the Catholic Church convicts a returned-from-Heaven Jesus Christ of heresy and is portrayed as a servant of Satan. Dan Brown's best-selling novel \\\"The Da Vinci Code\\\" depicts the Catholic Church as determined to hide the truth about Mary Magdalene. An article in an\",\n \"title\": \"Anti-Catholicism in literature and media\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1782236\",\n \"text\": \"Mephi) are seen as allusions to Satan and his rebellion against Heaven in the Bible (Ezekiel 28:11–19; Isaiah 14:12–15). The novel itself could be considered a criticism of organised religion given this interpretation. However, Zamyatin, influenced by Fyodor Dostoyevsky's \\\"Notes from Underground\\\" and \\\"The Brothers Karamazov\\\", made the novel a criticism of the excesses of a militantly atheistic society. The novel displayed an indebtedness to H. G. Wells's dystopia \\\"When the Sleeper Wakes\\\" (1899). The novel uses mathematical concepts symbolically. The spaceship that D-503 is supervising the construction of is called the \\\"Integral\\\", which he hopes will \\\"integrate the grandiose\",\n \"title\": \"We (novel)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8693189\",\n \"text\": \"Dostoevsky and Parricide \\\"Dostoevsky and Parricide\\\" () is an introductory article contributed by Sigmund Freud to a scholarly collection on \\\"The Brothers Karamazov\\\" by Fyodor Dostoyevsky. The collection was published in 1928. The article argues that it is no coincidence that some of the greatest works of world literature - including \\\"Oedipus Rex\\\", \\\"Hamlet\\\", as well as \\\"The Brothers Karamazov\\\" – all concern parricide, which in Dostoevsky's case Freud links to his epilepsy. Ernest Jones termed the piece “Freud's last contribution to the psychology of literature and his most brilliant”; Freud himself however called it “this trivial essay. It was\",\n \"title\": \"Dostoevsky and Parricide\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"832670\",\n \"text\": \"heart failure on July 2, 1999 at his home on Manor Lane in West Bay Shore, New York. His family now lives in East Islip, New York. Fyodor Dostoyevsky was an influence on Puzo, providing several quotations, particularly from \\\"The Brothers Karamazov\\\", in Puzo's books: \\\"The Dark Arena\\\", \\\"Fools Die\\\", \\\"The Fourth K\\\", and \\\"The Family\\\". The Corleone family in \\\"The Godfather\\\" closely resembles the Karamazov family in \\\"The Brothers Karamazov\\\" with a powerful father, an impulsive elder son, a philosophical son, a sweet-tempered son, and an adopted stepson who is maintained as an employee. All short stories, except \\\"The\",\n \"title\": \"Mario Puzo\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17432488\",\n \"text\": \"of the finest achievements in Russian prose.\\\" Sergey Andreyevsky died in 1918 in Petrograd, of pneumonia. As a literary critic Andreyevsky is credited with being the first to positively review Fyodor Dostoyevsky. His essay \\\"The Karamazov Brothers\\\" (1888) is regarded as one of the best of its kind. Andreyevsky did a lot to revive interest in early 19th-century Russian poetry, notably Yevgeny Baratynsky who he introduced to a general readership for the first time. Sergey Andreyevsky Sergey Arkadievich Andreyevsky (, December 29, 1847, – November 9, 1918) was a leading defense attorney of Imperial Russia. He was also known as\",\n \"title\": \"Sergey Andreyevsky\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10738966\",\n \"text\": \"part determined the author's success, as audience appetite created demand for further installments. In the German-speaking countries, the serialized novel was widely popularized by the weekly family magazine \\\"Die Gartenlaube\\\", which reached a circulation of 382,000 by 1875. In Russia, \\\"The Russian Messenger\\\" serialized Leo Tolstoy's \\\"Anna Karenina\\\" from 1873 to 1877 and Fyodor Dostoevsky's \\\"The Brothers Karamazov\\\" from 1879 to 1880. In Poland, Bolesław Prus wrote several serialized novels: \\\"The Outpost\\\" (1885–86), \\\"The Doll\\\" (1887–89), \\\"The New Woman\\\" (1890–93), and his sole historical novel, \\\"Pharaoh\\\" (the latter, exceptionally, written entire over a year's time in 1894–95 and serialized only\",\n \"title\": \"Serial (literature)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3005724\",\n \"text\": \"The similarly unfinished \\\"Sorokoviny\\\" (Сороковины), dated 1 August 1875, is reflected in book IX, chapter 3–5 and book XI, chapter nine. In the October 1877 \\\"A Writer's Diary\\\" article \\\"To the Reader\\\", Dostoevsky mentioned a \\\"literary work that has imperceptibly and involuntarily been taking shape within me over these two years of publishing the \\\"Diary\\\"\\\". His \\\"Diary\\\", a collection of numerous articles, had included similar themes \\\"The Brothers Karamazov\\\" would later borrow from. These include patricide, law and order and social problems. Although Dostoevsky was influenced by religion and philosophy, in his life and the writing of \\\"The Brothers Karamazov\\\",\",\n \"title\": \"The Brothers Karamazov\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"153590\",\n \"text\": \"positive reception. Several critics, such as Nikolay Dobrolyubov, Ivan Bunin and Vladimir Nabokov, viewed his writing as excessively psychological and philosophical rather than artistic. Others found fault with chaotic and disorganised plots, and others, like Turgenev, objected to \\\"excessive psychologising\\\" and too-detailed naturalism. His style was deemed \\\"prolix, repetitious and lacking in polish, balance, restraint and good taste\\\". Saltykov-Shchedrin, Tolstoy, Nikolay Mikhaylovsky and others criticised his puppet-like characters, most prominently in \\\"The Idiot\\\", \\\"Demons\\\" (\\\"The Possessed\\\", \\\"The Devils\\\") and \\\"The Brothers Karamazov\\\". These characters were compared to those of Hoffmann, an author whom Dostoevsky admired. Basing his estimation on stated\",\n \"title\": \"Fyodor Dostoevsky\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4394209\",\n \"text\": \"all about.\\\" According to MGM records the film made $2,390,000 in the US and Canada and $3,050,000 elsewhere resulting in a profit of $441,000. The Brothers Karamazov (1958 film) The Brothers Karamazov is a 1958 film made by MGM, based on Fyodor Dostoevsky's novel \\\"The Brothers Karamazov\\\". It was directed by Richard Brooks and produced by Pandro S. Berman. The screenplay was by Julius J. Epstein, Philip G. Epstein and Richard Brooks. It was entered into the 1958 Cannes Film Festival. The brothers are played by Yul Brynner, Richard Basehart and William Shatner in his film debut. The story follows\",\n \"title\": \"The Brothers Karamazov (1958 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"498513\",\n \"text\": \"He chooses action over contemplation, aware of the fact that nothing can last and no victory is final. Here Camus explores the absurd creator or artist. Since explanation is impossible, absurd art is restricted to a description of the myriad experiences in the world. \\\"If the world were clear, art would not exist.\\\" Absurd creation, of course, also must refrain from judging and from alluding to even the slightest shadow of hope. He then analyzes the work of Dostoevsky in this light, especially \\\"The Diary of a Writer\\\", \\\"The Possessed\\\" and \\\"The Brothers Karamazov\\\". All these works start from the\",\n \"title\": \"The Myth of Sisyphus\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9906490\",\n \"text\": \"Zephaniah Phillips published \\\"The Problem of Evil and the Problem of God\\\" in 2004, presenting a challenge to the Irenaean theodicy. Phillips maintained throughout his work that humans are incapable of fully understanding God, and presented an understanding of the moral diversity of human existence. With reference to the suffering of the Holocaust, he rejected any theodicy which presents suffering as instrumental, arguing that such suffering cannot be justified, regardless of any good that comes of it. Russian novelist Fyodor Dostoyevsky presented a similar argument in his novel, \\\"The Brothers Karamazov\\\". This is however not a final argument, given the\",\n \"title\": \"Irenaean theodicy\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"153586\",\n \"text\": \"the insanity of gambling were there to know\\\". James Joyce praised Dostoevsky's prose: \\\"... he is the man more than any other who has created modern prose, and intensified it to its present-day pitch. It was his explosive power which shattered the Victorian novel with its simpering maidens and ordered commonplaces; books which were without imagination or violence.\\\" In her essay \\\"The Russian Point of View\\\", Virginia Woolf said, \\\"Out of Shakespeare there is no more exciting reading\\\". Franz Kafka called Dostoevsky his \\\"blood-relative\\\" and was heavily influenced by his works, particularly \\\"The Brothers Karamazov\\\" and \\\"Crime and Punishment\\\", both\",\n \"title\": \"Fyodor Dostoevsky\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12502580\",\n \"text\": \"has been telling him have been about his own family. \\\"Yes, man is broad, too broad indeed. I'd have him narrower.\\\" - Dmitri Fyodorovitch Karamazov: \\\"The Brothers Karamazov\\\", Fyodor Dostoevsky The Fern Tattoo The Fern Tattoo is a 2007 novel by the Australian author David Brooks. \\\"To my daughter Jessica\\\" Benedict's mother has recently died; after the funeral he receives a phone call from Mrs. Darling, a friend of his mother's. Benedict visits the old woman in the countryside where she tells him various tales that involve three generations of families. He spends the next several years visiting Mrs. Darling,\",\n \"title\": \"The Fern Tattoo\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4323652\",\n \"text\": \"Meilhac and Ludovic Halévy, reached the stage. Dostoevsky published \\\"The Raw Youth\\\" (or \\\"The Adolescent\\\"). In 1876 Lewis Carroll published \\\"The Hunting of the Snark\\\". Mark Twain published \\\"The Adventures of Tom Sawyer\\\". In 1877 Leo Tolstoy published \\\"Anna Karenina\\\". In 1878 Gilbert and Sullivan's operetta \\\"HMS Pinafore, or, The Lass That Loved a Sailor\\\" was staged. In 1879 Octave Crémazie died. Gilbert and Sullivan's operetta \\\"The Pirates of Penzance\\\", or, \\\"The Slave of Duty\\\" was staged. In 1880 Dostoevsky published \\\"The Brothers Karamazov\\\". Norwegian writer Knut Hamsun published \\\"Hunger\\\". In 1881 Dostoevsky died. Oscar Wilde published his first book\",\n \"title\": \"History of modern literature\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3005745\",\n \"text\": \"in some translations, is one of the local schoolboys, and the central figure of a crucial subplot in the novel. His father, Captain Snegiryov, is an impoverished officer who is insulted by Dmitri after Fyodor Karamazov hires him to threaten the latter over his debts, and the Snegiryov family is brought to shame as a result. The reader is led to believe that it is partly because of this that Ilyusha falls ill, possibly to illustrate the theme that even minor actions can touch heavily on the lives of others, and that we are \\\"all responsible for one another\\\". Book\",\n \"title\": \"The Brothers Karamazov\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1908636\",\n \"text\": \"an abridged version, \\\"The Dream of the Red Chamber\\\", by Florence and Isabel McHugh published in 1958, and a later French version. Bramwell Seaton Bonsall, completed a translation in the 1950s, \\\"Red Chamber Dream\\\", a typescript of which is available on the web. Critic Anthony West wrote in \\\"The New Yorker\\\" in 1958 that the novel is to the Chinese \\\"very much what \\\"The Brothers Karamazov\\\" is to Russian and \\\"Remembrance of Things Past\\\" is to French literature\\\" and \\\"it is beyond question one of the great novels of all literature.\\\" Kenneth Rexroth in a 1958 review of the McHugh\",\n \"title\": \"Dream of the Red Chamber\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5744625\",\n \"text\": \"happened, but in the context that Jesus is not divine. The temptation of Christ has been a frequent subject in the art and literature of Christian cultures. It is largely the subject of John Milton's four-book epic \\\"Paradise Regained\\\". Fyodor Dostoyevsky's \\\"The Grand Inquisitor\\\", part of the novel \\\"The Brothers Karamazov\\\", features an extended treatment of the temptation of Christ. Nathan Toulane's novel \\\"The Ring In The Glass\\\" encompasses the spot where The temptation of Christ occurred. French Artist Jean Giroud Moebius created an artbook called \\\"40 days dans le desert B\\\" depicting a similar theme. Andrew Lloyd Webber's \\\"Jesus\",\n \"title\": \"Temptation of Christ\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17432486\",\n \"text\": \"text book for Russian lawyers. Andreyevsky became interested in poetry in his thirties, starting with translations from French which he published, along with his own verse, in \\\"Severny Vestnik\\\". His first book (where among minor verses there were three long poems, \\\"The Dawn of Days\\\", \\\"Darkness\\\" and \\\"The Engaged Ones\\\") came out in 1885, to be re-issued in 1888 and 1891. In the late 1880s Andreyevsky abandoned poetry and became a literary critic; his essays and literary portraits were few and far between but gained much acclaim. His treatise \\\"The Karamazov Brothers\\\" (1888), later came to be regarded as the\",\n \"title\": \"Sergey Andreyevsky\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18799788\",\n \"text\": \"care what happens after his disappearance. Karl Marx wrote in \\\"Das Kapital\\\" (Vol. 1, Part III, Chapter Ten, Section 5) \\\"Après moi, le déluge! is the watchword of every capitalist and of every capitalist nation. Hence Capital is reckless of the health or length of life of the labourer, unless under compulsion from society.\\\" During the trial of Dimitri Fyodorovich Karamazov in Dostoyevsky’s \\\"The Brothers Karamazov\\\", the prosecution uses the phrase to describe the defendant’s reprobate father and to lament the deterioration of Russian values more generally. The phrase \\\"\\\"Après moi le déluge\\\" was adopted as the motto of the\",\n \"title\": \"Après nous le déluge\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13476038\",\n \"text\": \"economics at the University of Chicago, he was drawn to Slavic studies after discovering Dostoevsky's \\\"The Brothers Karamazov\\\" in a required literature course and being (in his words) \\\"knocked for a loop\\\". He reports that he ran to a bookstore, picked up a copy of \\\"Crime and Punishment\\\", read it in two days, and resolved to learn the language of such a great body of literature. Weil received his bachelor's degree from the University of Chicago in 1948 and his master's degree in Slavic studies in 1951. After three years of working on a Soviet census for the U.S. Library\",\n \"title\": \"Irwin Weil\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19276895\",\n \"text\": \"new translation by Constance Borde and Sheila Malovany-Chevalier appeared in 2009 and was felt by many critics to be a more accurate representation of de Beauvoir's text. As some commentators have pointed out, however, when a translation has been enormously influential it can be hard to argue that it is somehow a failure. Many classic Russian novels have been translated a number of times; in recent years Richard Pevear and Larissa Volokhonsky have produced well-received retranslations of works including Dostoevsky's \\\"The Brothers Karamazov\\\" and The Idiot, and Leo Tolstoy's \\\"War and Peace\\\" and \\\"Anna Karenina\\\". Translations of Russian novels are\",\n \"title\": \"Retranslation\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5641872\",\n \"text\": \"segment was unrelated to the Super Six, and starred a bizarre, three-headed character known collectively as \\\"The Brothers Matzoriley\\\" a parody in name, of The Brothers Karamazov. They were \\\"Siamese triplets\\\" who were Three Stooges-style bumblers, always looking for a new job. Their names (Weft, Wight and Wong) were a play on \\\"left\\\", \\\"right\\\" and \\\"wrong\\\". Although occupying one body, each head had its own distinct personality, one head (Weft) being that of a tough guy or ruffian with a Brooklyn accent. another (Wight) being a wimpy coward with a very nervous delivery, and the middle head (Wong) being a\",\n \"title\": \"The Super 6\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3524690\",\n \"text\": \"in telemachry.” Orin then asks whether Hal meant telemetry. Christopher Bartlett has argued that Hal's mistake is a direct reference to Telemachus, who for the first four books of the \\\"Odyssey\\\" believes that his father is dead. Links to \\\"The Brothers Karamazov\\\" have been analyzed by Timothy Jacobs, who sees Orin representing the nihilistic Dmitri, Hal standing for Ivan and Mario the simple and good Alyosha. The film so entertaining that its viewers lose interest in anything else has been likened to the Monty Python sketch \\\"The Funniest Joke in the World\\\", as well as to \\\"the experience machine\\\", a\",\n \"title\": \"Infinite Jest\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14840090\",\n \"text\": \"The band places the theme of the album focuses on \\\"man and his place in the universe\\\". The band specified critiques of Christianity inspired by the questions of Dostoyevsky, Nietzsche and Richard Dawkins. At the base of the album are three songs with the titles \\\"\\\"The Grand Inquisitor I, II and III\\\"\\\". These songs have been inspired by the chapter of the same title in Fyodor Dostoyevsky's novel The Brothers Karamazov: a conversation between the brothers Ivan, an atheist, and Alyoscha, a monk. Ivan tells Alyoscha the story of a Second Coming of Christ in 16th century Sevilla. According to\",\n \"title\": \"Anthropocentric (album)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19833941\",\n \"text\": \"of some kind. Motion pictures - Novelist, but I probably haven't the slightest talent. March 26) Gloomy drizzling rain last two days. ...Next Tuesday I leave for Fort Snelling for physical exam. Hope I don’t pass it for very justified reasons. But hardly dare hope. Reading \\\"Brothers Karamazov\\\" rather strange, almost unintelligible. But I gather some vague ideas from it. These characters seem to suffer so intensely from doubt, religious doubt and confusion. I believe I have a clearer philosophy of life. Thanks to J. Dewey, H. G. Wells, Shaw. Perhaps it is too simple. Maybe it won't stand any\",\n \"title\": \"Virgil John Tangborn\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18353896\",\n \"text\": \"in 2005 with the Golden George winning film \\\"Dreaming of Space\\\" by Alexei Uchitel. In 2005 she had roles in Ekaterina Shagalova's melodrama \\\"Pavlov's Dog\\\" and in Andrei Proshkin's comedy \\\"Soldier's Decameron\\\". Elena acted in the 2009 television series \\\"The Brothers Karamazov\\\" by Yuri Moroz, based on the novel of the same name by Fyodor Dostoyevsky. In the film, Elena played the scandalous and vicious Grushenka. In 2012 she was awarded the Best Actress Golden Eagle and Nika for her role as the daughter of the main character in Andrey Zvyagintsev's \\\"Elena\\\". Two years later, she again received the Best\",\n \"title\": \"Elena Lyadova\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3005753\",\n \"text\": \"world literature\\\". The philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein is said to have read \\\"The Brothers Karamazov\\\" \\\"so often he knew whole passages of it by heart.” A copy of the novel was one of the few possessions Wittgenstein brought with him to the front during World War I. Martin Heidegger, the seminal figure of existentialism, identified Dostoevsky's thought as one of the most important sources for his early and best known book, \\\"Being and Time\\\". Of the two portraits Heidegger kept on the wall of his office, one was of Dostoevsky. In an essay on the novel written after the Russian Revolution\",\n \"title\": \"The Brothers Karamazov\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17908902\",\n \"text\": \"not nominated. Winter Sleep (film) Winter Sleep () is a 2014 Turkish drama film directed by Nuri Bilge Ceylan, adapted from the short story, \\\"The Wife\\\" by Anton Chekhov and one subplot of \\\"The Brothers Karamazov\\\" by Fyodor Dostoyevsky. The story is set in Anatolia and examines the significant divide between the rich and the poor as well as the powerful and the powerless in Turkey. It stars Haluk Bilginer, Demet Akbag and Melisa Sözen. Ceylan had long wished to adapt \\\"The Wife\\\", and shot it in Cappadocia. At the 2014 Cannes Film Festival, the film won the Palme d'Or\",\n \"title\": \"Winter Sleep (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8502362\",\n \"text\": \"can be seen in Leo Tolstoy's \\\"Resurrection\\\" and Fyodor Dostoyevsky's \\\"The Brothers Karamazov\\\". In 1878, the revolutionary Vera Zasulich failed to assassinate St. Petersburg Governor-General Fyodor Trepov, who had ordered a political prisoner to be flogged. Even though it was obvious that Zasulich was guilty, the jury acquitted her completely. The verdict of the jury was based not on the law but on their feeling of injustice committed by Trepov, a case of jury nullification. Judicial chambers were courts of appeal for cases heard in district courts. They also had original jurisdiction in certain high crimes (usually if the offender\",\n \"title\": \"Judicial reform of Alexander II\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12321669\",\n \"text\": \"Sonia (name) Sonia is a feminine given name in many areas of the world including the West, Russia, Iran, and South Asia. Sonia and its variant spellings Sonja and Sonya are derived from the Russian hypocoristic \\\"Sonya\\\", an abbreviation of \\\"Sofiya\\\" (Greek \\\"Sophia\\\" \\\"Wisdom\\\") The name was popularised in the English-speaking world by characters in the novels \\\"Crime and Punishment\\\" by Fyodor Dostoyevsky (1866, English translation 1885) and \\\"War and Peace\\\" Leo Tolstoy (1869, English translation 1886), and later by a 1917 bestselling novel, \\\"Sonia: Between Two Worlds\\\", by Stephen McKenna Sonya and its variations are occasionally found as surnames\",\n \"title\": \"Sonia (name)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2179163\",\n \"text\": \"Gogol is seen as an influence, as is the case in other of Bulgakov's novels. The dialogue between Pontius Pilate and Yeshua Ha-Notsri is strongly influenced by Fyodor Dostoyevsky's parable \\\"The Grand Inquisitor\\\" from \\\"The Brothers Karamazov\\\". The \\\"luckless visitors chapter\\\" refers to Tolstoy's \\\"Anna Karenina\\\": \\\"everything became jumbled in the Oblonsky household\\\". The theme of the Devil exposing society as an apartment block, as it could be seen if the entire façade would be removed, has some precedents in \\\"El diablo cojuelo\\\" (1641, \\\"The Lame Devil\\\" or \\\"The Crippled Devil\\\") by the Spaniard Luís Vélez de Guevara. (This was\",\n \"title\": \"The Master and Margarita\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20768825\",\n \"text\": \"Candle Ball\\\" based on the novel by Mikhail Bulgakov \\\"The Master and Margarita\\\", staged by his son, Vladimir Prudkin. In 1969, \\\"The Brothers Karamazov\\\" was released, with Mark Prudkin in the role of Fyodor Karamazov – the same one that he played on stage. Apart from a tiny episode in the silent film by Yakov Protazanov \\\"Man from the Restaurant\\\", it was his first role in the cinema at the age of 71. He played small but memorable roles in the films \\\"The Twelve Chairs\\\", \\\"The Blonde Around the Corner\\\" in the television movie \\\"Uncle's Dream\\\" by Fyodor Dostoyevsky and\",\n \"title\": \"Mark Prudkin\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"153595\",\n \"text\": \"and \\\"Diary of a Writer\\\". His philosophy, particularly in \\\"Demons\\\", was deemed anti-capitalist but also anti-Communist and reactionary. The idea that Dostoevsky's writings were strictly censored under Soviet leadership is a myth: the writer was very popular and well received in the Soviet Union, his books selling over 34.4 million copies from 1917 to 1981, around 540 thousand copies per year. According to historian Boris Ilizarov, Stalin read Dostoevsky's \\\"The Brothers Karamazov\\\" several times. Dostoevsky's works of fiction include 15 novels and novellas, 17 short stories, and 5 translations. Many of his longer novels were first published in serialised form\",\n \"title\": \"Fyodor Dostoevsky\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1709046\",\n \"text\": \"The Three Musketeers The Three Musketeers ( ) is a historical adventure novel written in 1844 by French author Alexandre Dumas. Situated between 1625 and 1628, it recounts the adventures of a young man named d'Artagnan (based on Charles de Batz-Castelmore d'Artagnan) after he leaves home to travel to Paris, to join the Musketeers of the Guard. Although d'Artagnan is not able to join this elite corps immediately, he befriends the three most formidable musketeers of the age – Athos, Porthos and Aramis, \\\"the three inseparables,\\\" as these are called – and gets involved in affairs of the state and\",\n \"title\": \"The Three Musketeers\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3005737\",\n \"text\": \"as his \\\"cherub\\\". Ivan Fyodorovich Karamazov (a.k.a. Vanya, Vanka, Vanechka) is the 24-year-old middle son and first from Fyodor's second marriage to Sofia Ivanovna. He is disturbed especially by the apparently senseless suffering in the world. He says to Alyosha in the chapter \\\"Rebellion\\\" (Bk. 5, Ch. 4), \\\"It's not God that I don't accept, Alyosha, only I most respectfully return him the ticket.\\\" From an early age, Ivan is sullen and isolated. His father tells Alyosha that he fears Ivan more than Dmitri. Some of the most memorable and acclaimed passages of the novel involve Ivan, including the chapter\",\n \"title\": \"The Brothers Karamazov\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9470364\",\n \"text\": \"was heavily influenced by \\\"The Grand Inquisitor\\\"—a chapter in Fyodor Dostoyevsky's novel \\\"The Brothers Karamazov\\\"—on the suggestion of Duchovny. The title of the episode is Aramaic for \\\"arise maiden,\\\" a reference to the healing power of Jeremiah Smith. At a fast food restaurant in Arlington, Virginia, a man draws a gun and shoots three people before he is shot by police snipers outside. An older man revives the gunman and his victims by touching them with the palms of his hands. Fox Mulder (David Duchovny) and Dana Scully (Gillian Anderson) arrive to investigate. They interview the victims and gunman, finding\",\n \"title\": \"Talitha Cumi (The X-Files)\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"compressed_ctxs_1":{"kind":"string","value":"{\n \"compressed_prompt\": \"Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\\n\\ntitle: Alyosha Karamazov context: characteristics which he sought and most admired, including that of Jesus Christ. Dostoevsky is believed to have based the character of Alyosha on his friend, Vladimir Solovyov, a Russian philosopher and poet who led a generous life, to the point of giving away his clothes to people in the street. Alyosha Karamaz Alyosha Karamazov () is the protagonist in \\\"The Brothers Karamazov\\\" by Fyodor Dostoevsky. His full name is given as Alexei Fyodorovich Karamazov and he is also referred to as Alyosha, Alyoshka, Alyoshenka, Alyoshechka, Alexeichik, Lyosha, and Lyoshenka. He is the youngest of the Karamazov brothers, being nineteen years\\n\\nWhat were the names of the brothers Karamozov in the novel by Feodor Dostoevsky?\",\n \"compressed_tokens\": 244,\n \"origin_tokens\": 245,\n \"ratio\": \"1.0x\",\n \"saving\": \", Saving $0.0 in GPT-4.\"\n}"},"compressed_ctxs_100":{"kind":"string","value":"{\n \"compressed_prompt\": \"Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\\n\\ntitle: The Brothers Karamazov context: Dostoevsky was interested in the Nechayev affair, which involved a group of radicals murdering one of their former members. He picked up that story and started with \\\"Demons\\\". The unfinished \\\"Drama in Tobolsk\\\" (Драма. В Тобольске) is considered the first draft of the first chapter of \\\"The Brothers Karamazov\\\".ated 13 September 1874, it tells about a fictional murder in Staraya Russa committed by a \\\"praporshchik\\\" named Dmitry Ilynskov (based on a real soldier from Omsk), who is thought to have murdered his father. It goes on noting that his body was suddenly discovered in a pit under a house.\\n\\n: The Brothers Karamaz context Kyodai\\\" (201 created by Misatoato is retelling of Bibliography The Brothers Karamazov The Brothers Karamazov,rat'ya Karam\\\", translated as The Karamazov Brothers final novel by the Russian Fyodor Dev. Dostoevsky spent nearly two years \\\" Brothers Karamazov\\\", which was published as a serial in \\\"The Russian Messenger\\\" from January 1879 to November 1880. Dostoev died less than four months its publication \\\"The Brothers Karamazov\\\" is a passionate philosophical novel set in 19th-century Russia that enters deeply into the ethical debates of God, free will, and morality.\\n\\ntitle: The Brothers Karazov in some transl, is of the localbo, central figure acial sub in the His Captain an impover officer Driyodor him to threaten the his debts,iry is brought to a reader is led to that it is partly because of thislyusha falls ill, actions can touch heavily on lives others \\\" for one\\n: After tale asks by, the Ivanliess, The part after. The Grand Inquisitor \\\"The Grand Inquisitor\\\" is a poem in Fyodor Dostoevsky's novel \\\"The Brothers Karamazov\\\" (1879–1880). It is recited by Ivan Karamazov, who questions the possibility of a personal and benevolent God, to his brother Alexei (Alyosha), a novice monk. \\\"The Grand Inquisitor\\\" is an important part of the novel and one of the best-known passages in because\\n\\nWhat were the names of the brothers Karamozov in the novel by Feodor Dostoevsky?\",\n \"compressed_tokens\": 560,\n \"origin_tokens\": 16677,\n \"ratio\": \"29.8x\",\n \"saving\": \", Saving $1.0 in GPT-4.\"\n}"}}},{"rowIdx":297,"cells":{"id":{"kind":"number","value":297,"string":"297"},"question":{"kind":"string","value":"What exotic city was featured in National Geographic magazine's first photo story in 1905?"},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["Lhasa","Lhasa, Tibet","拉萨","Administrative divisions of Lhasa","Lahasa","Lhosa","拉萨市","拉薩","Capital of Tibet","Lasa, Xizang","Lhasa, Xizang","拉薩市","Chengguan District, Lhasa","Lhassa","Dharkay Restaurant","Lāsà"],"string":"[\n \"Lhasa\",\n \"Lhasa, Tibet\",\n \"拉萨\",\n \"Administrative divisions of Lhasa\",\n \"Lahasa\",\n \"Lhosa\",\n \"拉萨市\",\n \"拉薩\",\n \"Capital of Tibet\",\n \"Lasa, Xizang\",\n \"Lhasa, Xizang\",\n \"拉薩市\",\n \"Chengguan District, Lhasa\",\n \"Lhassa\",\n \"Dharkay Restaurant\",\n \"Lāsà\"\n]","isConversational":false},"target":{"kind":"string","value":"Lhasa, Tibet"},"ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"id":"1758190","text":"40 million people each month. Starting with its January 1905 publication of several full-page pictures of Tibet in 1900–1901, the magazine changed from being a text-oriented publication closer to a scientific journal to featuring extensive pictorial content, and became well known for this style. The June 1985 cover portrait of the presumed to be 12-year-old Afghan girl Sharbat Gula, shot by photographer Steve McCurry, became one of the magazine's most recognizable images. \"National Geographic Kids\", the children's version of the magazine, was launched in 1975 under the name \"National Geographic World\". From the 1970s through about 2010 the magazine was","title":"National Geographic"},{"id":"12258653","text":"spent 888 days from 1900 to 1901. There, he secretly made around 200 pictures. These, together with pictures made independently on the same pilgrimage by another, less documented Russian explorer, Kalmyk (Tsybikov arriving in Lhasa in August, 1900, and Norzunov in the end of the year), were later to become the so-called Hallmark for National Geographic. The history of the magazine as it is known today, delivering pictures first, started with January 1905 edition of several full-page reprints of Tsybikov and Norzunov's pictures. Originally done because of the lack of texts, this publication gained the magazine wide success and popularity.","title":"Gombojab Tsybikov"},{"id":"16405241","text":"in 1911. He was also the official photographer for the St. Louis World's Fair in 1904 and the Lewis and Clark Centennial Exposition in Portland the following year. With the rise of the Photo-Secession in New York in the 1900s, Rau, like many commercial photographers, gradually fell into obscurity. He died at his home in Philadelphia on November 19, 1920. Rau's photographs span a wide range of topics in places around the world. Cities photographed by Rau include New York City, Paris, Moscow, Cairo, Tokyo, Naples, Nablus, St. Pierre, Martinique, Butte, Montana, and his native Philadelphia. Individuals who posed for","title":"William H. Rau"},{"id":"163469","text":"during the Yongle era, J.J.L. Duyvendak exclaims, \"Can it possibly have been a Pandah?\" The comparative obscurity of the giant panda throughout most of China's history is illustrated by the fact that, despite there being a number of depictions of bears in Chinese art starting from its most ancient times, and the bamboo being one of the favorite subjects for Chinese painters, there are no known pre-20th-century artistic representations of giant pandas. The West first learned of the giant panda on 11 March 1869, when the French missionary Armand David received a skin from a hunter. The first Westerner known","title":"Giant panda"},{"id":"10627923","text":"Carnegie offered the king a plaster copy, which was installed May 12, 1905 in London (see Dippy (London)). (The original bones, however, were not prepared and erected at the Carnegie in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania until 1907.) Kaiser Wilhelm II and other European royalty followed suit and asked for \"Diplodocus carnegii\" copies for their national museums. During the next 25 years replicas were installed in Berlin, Germany; Paris, France; Vienna, Austria; Bologna, Italy; St. Petersburg, Russia; La Plata, Argentina; Madrid, Spain; and Mexico City, Mexico, making Dippy the first dinosaur specimen to be duplicated so frequently and internationally for viewing by the","title":"Bone Wars (book)"},{"id":"20996480","text":"to 1905, when a young man found the image floating near the riverbank of \"Barrio\" Guibang in the town of Gamu in the province of Isabela. The young man brought the image to the hut of a poor couple, \"Francisco Noble\" and \"Maria Noble\". The couple, at first, were hesitant to receive the image because the cannot afford to give alms. Nevertheless, they were persuaded to welcome the image into their humble home. They were asked to pray the Holy Rosary and offer works of mercy in honor of the image. On the night of the visit, they were amazed","title":"Our Lady of the Visitation of Guibang"},{"id":"11458446","text":"meters beneath the Caucasus Mountains in the breakaway Russian republic of Abkhazia. He photographed subterranean Rome in 2005 for National Geographic. In 2006 National Geographic assigned Alvarez the story Raging Danger, which documents the river caves of Papua New Guinea. This story won a Communication Arts award in Editorial Series. Traveling across the Pacific in 2007, Alvarez photographed Peopling the Pacific, a story about the earliest voyagers of the Pacific Islands. His adventure included sailing on the traditional Hawaiian vessel, the Hokule'a. The story was published in National Geographic Magazine in March 2008. In June 2009 Deep South, Alvarez's photographs","title":"Stephen Alvarez"},{"id":"9649375","text":"indeed, have an impact. No. 17 Seoul — Finally making the move in Asia, not No. 1, but a respectable No. 3 regionally. No. 21 Washington, DC — A move into respectability!? No. 28 Melbourne and No. 34 Sydney — Trading Places No. 44 Portland, OR — A very nice debut. No. 47 Kuala Lumpur — Another solid debut. No. 46 Boston, No. 48 Miami, No.53 Chicago, No. 54 Houston, and No. 59 Toronto — All down by twenty spots, or more. No. 63 Caracas — On Hiatus due to Insurrection. Fashion capital A fashion capital is a city which","title":"Fashion capital"},{"id":"330709","text":"the Bibbulmun. On 19 September 2006, the Federal Court of Australia brought down a judgment recognising Noongar native title over the Perth metropolitan area in the case of \"Bennell v State of Western Australia\" [2006] FCA 1243. The judgment was overturned on appeal. The first documented sighting of the region was made by the Dutch Captain Willem de Vlamingh and his crew on 10 January 1697. Subsequent sightings between this date and 1829 were made by other Europeans, but as in the case of the sighting and observations made by Vlamingh, the area was considered to be inhospitable and unsuitable","title":"Perth"},{"id":"9456060","text":"evidence that billions of dollars Do, indeed, have an impact. No. 17 Seoul — Finally making the move in Asia, not No. 1, but a respectable No. 3 regionally. No. 21 Washington, DC — A move into respectability!? No. 28 Melbourne and No. 34 Sydney — Trading Places No. 44 Portland, OR — A very nice debut. No. 47 Kuala Lumpur — Another solid debut. No. 46 Boston, No. 48 Miami, No.53 Chicago, No. 54 Houston, and No. 59 Toronto — All down by twenty spots, or more. No. 63 Caracas — On Hiatus due to Insurrection. Methodology: For this","title":"Global Language Monitor"},{"id":"15226566","text":"of the Panama Canal. Davidson believed an expo would help improve commerce (it would advertise that San Diego was the first U.S. port of call vessels encountered after passing through the canal and sailing north), build the city's population, and expand the infrastructure of the park. He later explained the significance of holding the expo in San Diego: After a 1910 contest to rename City Park, the park was named after Vasco Núñez de Balboa, the first European to cross Central America and see the Pacific Ocean. San Diego would be the smallest city to ever hold a World's Fair;","title":"Balboa Park (San Diego)"},{"id":"446596","text":"Venice, Los Angeles Venice is a residential, commercial, and recreational beachfront neighborhood within Los Angeles, California. It is located within the urban region of western Los Angeles County known as the Westside. Venice was founded in 1905 as a seaside resort town. It was an independent city until 1926, when it merged with Los Angeles. Today, Venice is known for its canals, beaches, and the circus-like Ocean Front Walk, a pedestrian promenade that features performers, mystics, artists and vendors. In the later half of the 2010s, the neighborhood has faced severe gentrification raising real-estate prices and thereby pushing out long-term","title":"Venice, Los Angeles"},{"id":"2585962","text":"by Graphic Art Service, based in Marietta, Georgia. McCurry did not record the name of the person he had photographed. The picture, titled \"Afghan Girl\", appeared on the June 1985 cover of \"National Geographic\". The image of her face, with a red scarf draped loosely over her head and her eyes staring directly into the camera was named \"the most recognized photograph\" in the history of the magazine, and the cover itself is one of the most famous of the \"National Geographic\". \"American Photo\" magazine says the image has an \"unusual combination of grittiness and glamour\". Her green eyes are","title":"Afghan Girl"},{"id":"11018838","text":"Pedro Alonso Pablos made an animated mini-series featuring some of the Tales of the Alhambra: \"The Arab Astrologer\", \"The three beautiful princesses\" and \"The rose of the Alhambra\". Tales of the Alhambra Tales of the Alhambra is a collection of essays, verbal sketches, and stories by Washington Irving. Shortly after completing a biography of Christopher Columbus in 1828, Washington Irving travelled from Madrid, where he had been staying, to Granada, Spain. At first sight, he described it as \"a most picturesque and beautiful city, situated in one of the loveliest landscapes that I have ever seen.\" Irving was preparing a","title":"Tales of the Alhambra"},{"id":"1495525","text":"Australia, Canada and Japan and the top-ten of the other countries. The song was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) on January 10, 1985, for shipping a million copies across United States – the requirement for a gold single prior to 1989. The music video portrayed Madonna sailing down the riverways of Venice in a gondola, as well as roaming around a palace wearing a white wedding dress. With the video, scholars noted Madonna's portrayal of a sexually independent woman, the symbolism of the appearance of a man with lion's mask to that of Saint Mark,","title":"Like a Virgin (album)"},{"id":"16571870","text":"to any one actual settlement, much less one representing a city of the Pre-Columbian era. Spanish conquistador Hernán Cortés reported hearing \"trustworthy\" information on a region with \"towns and villages\" of extreme wealth in Honduras, but never located them. In 1927, aviator Charles Lindbergh reported seeing a \"white city\" while flying over eastern Honduras. The first known mention by an academic of the ruins under the name Ciudad Blanca (White City) was by Eduard Conzemius, an ethnographer from Luxembourg in 1927. In his report on the Pech people of Honduras to the Society of Americanists, he said the ruins had","title":"La Ciudad Blanca"},{"id":"446637","text":"locations in Venice, including the beach, pleasure piers, canals and colonnades, boardwalk, schools, and restaurants. Some locations include the following: Venice, Los Angeles Venice is a residential, commercial, and recreational beachfront neighborhood within Los Angeles, California. It is located within the urban region of western Los Angeles County known as the Westside. Venice was founded in 1905 as a seaside resort town. It was an independent city until 1926, when it merged with Los Angeles. Today, Venice is known for its canals, beaches, and the circus-like Ocean Front Walk, a pedestrian promenade that features performers, mystics, artists and vendors. In","title":"Venice, Los Angeles"},{"id":"1758198","text":"Issues of \"National Geographic\" are often kept by subscribers for years and re-sold at thrift stores as collectibles. The standard for photography has remained high over the subsequent decades and the magazine is still illustrated with some of the highest-quality photojournalism in the world. In 2006, \"National Geographic\" began an international photography competition , called the with over eighteen countries participating. In conservative Muslim countries like Iran and Malaysia, photographs featuring topless or scantily clad members of primitive tribal societies are often blacked out; buyers and subscribers often complain that this practice decreases the artistic value of the photographs for","title":"National Geographic"},{"id":"7858862","text":"were from outside the Pacific Northwest, a huge number of visitors for a city of approximately 120,000 residents. It did much to demonstrate the national status of the United States as having become not just an Atlantic but a Pacific nation and a gateway to Asia. Portland in the process became a city of world note in 1905. The Exposition that Henry W. Corbett had done much to bring to life opened two years after his death. \"The Oregonian\", June 3, 1905 wrote on the opening: This is a time when it should be said that the Lewis and Clark","title":"Henry W. Corbett"},{"id":"12789033","text":"workshops and lectures throughout the world. He is also a frequent lecturer and conducts workshops around the world. Ira Block Ira Block (born 1949) is an American photographer. Since the mid-1970s, he has shot many stories for the \"National Geographic Magazine\", \"National Geographic Traveler\", and also National Geographic Adventure. He has photographed diverse locations in Africa, the Australian outback, the Gobi Desert, Siberia, and the North Pole where he spent three months with the late Japanese explorer Naomi Uemura. Block's archive includes rare archaeological relics from ancient sites in Eastern Europe and the Middle East, as well as some of","title":"Ira Block"},{"id":"7453126","text":"peoples and places. He travelled extensively throughout the mainland territories of Malaya and the island of Sumatra, exploring the villages and photographing the native peoples and their activities. After visiting Ceylon and India from October to November 1864 to document the destruction caused by a recent cyclone, Thomson sold his Singapore studio and moved to Siam. After arrival in Bangkok in September 1865, Thomson undertook a series of photographs of the King of Siam and other senior members of the royal court and government. Inspired by Henri Mouhot's account of the rediscovery of the ancient cities of Angkor in the","title":"John Thomson (photographer)"},{"id":"5465043","text":"a place to centralize his power in the newly conquered region of Wollo, he stayed overnight in a pre-existing town that is now contained within Dessie. While there, he spotted a comet. He was so impressed by the sight of it that he interpreted it to be a sign from heaven to found his capital city there. Thus, he named it Dessie (Amharic \"My Joy\"), as a reference to the elation that the comet had made him feel. Dessie's location led to the telegraph line the Italians constructed between 1902 and 1904 from Asmara south to Addis Ababa passing through","title":"Dessie"},{"id":"20942030","text":"(1826-1900) acquired a specimen that hunters in Sichuan captured alive, which was killed and shipped to Paris for study. He coined the giant panda's original binomial name \"Ursus melanoleucus\" (from Latin \"black and white bear\") and the corresponding French name \"ours blanc et noir\" (David 1869 5: 13). The first Westerner known to have seen a living giant panda is the German zoologist Hugo Weigold, who purchased a cub in 1916. Kermit and Theodore Roosevelt, Jr., became the first foreigners to shoot a panda, on a 1929 expedition funded by the Field Museum of Natural History. In 1936, Ruth Harkness","title":"Mo (Chinese zoology)"},{"id":"2085222","text":"12 May 1905, the exhibit was unveiled to great public and media interest. The real fossil had yet to be mounted, as the Carnegie Museum in Pittsburgh was still being constructed to house it. As word of Dippy spread, Mr Carnegie paid to have additional copies made for display in most major European capitals and in Latin and South America, making Dippy the most-viewed dinosaur skeleton in the world. The dinosaur quickly became an iconic representation of the museum, and has featured in many cartoons and other media, including the 1975 Disney comedy \"One of Our Dinosaurs Is Missing\". After","title":"Natural History Museum, London"},{"id":"12412031","text":"the potato. The Industrial Revolution made Europe rich, but at great cost to its natural resources. The birth of tourism encouraged a new appreciation of nature, and modern Europeans have switched their attitude from consumption to custodianship. As a result, wildlife is returning. Europe is home to more than 700 million people, most of them city dwellers. Much of its wildlife has suffered as a result, but efforts are underway to protect and reintroduce some species. Others have exploited new opportunities offered by man-made environments. In Rome, the first metropolis on the continent, winter tourists watch swirling clouds of starlings","title":"Europe: A Natural History"},{"id":"18486575","text":"back accounts of his travels and poems, his tour of the 'old world' included Paris, Monte Carlo, Nice, Budapest, Vienna, Munich, Nuremberg, Switzerland, Italy (Palermo, Rome, Milan, Turin, Naples, Capri), Spain (Barcelona, Zaragoza, Madrid, Toledo, Corboda, Seville (\"The Spanish Paris\"), Cadiz). He also travelled to Morocco (Tangier), Gibraltar, Algeciras, Granada, Tunisia and Algeria. He was back in London in the summer of 1905 where he regularly \"mined\" the British Museum. He joined the New Bohemian Club at The Prince's Head in the Strand, and drank what he thought was rather tepid English ale with literary figures such as Stephen Phillips,","title":"Herman George Scheffauer"},{"id":"708716","text":"together in a room at the Salon d'Automne in 1905. The paintings expressed emotion with wild, often dissonant colours, without regard for the subject's natural colours. Matisse showed \"Open Window\" and \"Woman with the Hat\" at the Salon. Critic Louis Vauxcelles commented on a lone sculpture surround by an \"orgie of pure tones\" as \"Donatello chez les fauves\" (Donatello among the wild beasts), referring to a Renaissance-type sculpture that shared the room with them. His comment was printed on 17 October 1905 in \"Gil Blas\", a daily newspaper, and passed into popular usage. The exhibition garnered harsh criticism—\"A pot of","title":"Henri Matisse"},{"id":"5865549","text":"Lost City of Atlantis (\"Not much different from a trailer park, really\"), traveled out West (\"When they call a guy a cowpoke they really mean it\"), and survived an overturned cruise ship (\"Trust me, it's not the first time I've seen that many sailors with their legs in the air\"). Weekly World News Issue: June 6, 2005 Tagline: \"I not only cleaned up the West, I redecorated it\" and \"I was disappointed to learn that the correct bronco-busting phrase is 'ride 'em cowboy!' and not the suggestion 'ride them cowboys'\". Following his undercover work for the FBI, Andrews took on","title":"Miss Adventure"},{"id":"7879412","text":"of monarchs who were obsessed with themselves. The half-century delayed Renaissance starts from the Italian peninsula, and there are many nobles who collect rare treasures and artifacts. Venice is a small city-state floating on the sea. It is called the \"City of Water\". Venice's maritime industry had long been prosperous, and Venice had long held a monopoly on the profits of the Mediterranean trade on pepper from Alexandria. However, recently the Ottoman Empire appeared in the East and Portugal discovered a sea route to the Indies. The story line is intertwined with the French story line, and they have many","title":"Uncharted Waters Online"},{"id":"12422556","text":"Andre Laguerre asked fashion reporter Jule Campbell to help find a model for the issue. She found Berlin-born fashion model Babette March and featured her on the cover, wearing a white bikini, wading in the surf on Cozumel, Mexico. The issue was the first Swimsuit Issue. The \"Swimsuit Issue\" became an annual publication of the magazine, featuring fashion models wearing swimwear in exotic locales. Inclusion is considered a stick by which supermodels are measured. In addition, the issue is a media nexus that in 2005 carried $35 million in advertising. New issues come out around the middle of February or","title":"Bikini in popular culture"},{"id":"2928172","text":"attracted a large number of tourists by the 1890s. New York's population grew from 300,000 in 1840 to 800,000 in 1850. Chicago experienced a dramatic increase from 4,000 residents in 1840 to 300,000 by 1870. Dictionaries first published the word 'tourist' sometime in 1800, when it referred to those going to Europe or making a round trip of natural wonders in New York and New England. The absence of urban tourism during the nineteenth century was in part because American cities lacked the architecture and art which attracted thousands to Europe. American cities tended to offend the sensitive with ugliness","title":"Tourism in the United States"},{"id":"292454","text":"Disney Company announced it will buy the majority of 21st Century Fox. Disney would assume the controlling interest in the National Geographic partnership. There were 33 original founders in 1888. Although Alexander Graham Bell is sometimes discussed as a founder, he was actually the second president, elected on January 7, 1898, and serving until 1903. \"The National Geographic Magazine\", later shortened to \"National Geographic\", published its first issue in October 1888, nine months after the Society was founded, as the Society's official journal, a benefit for joining the tax-exempt National Geographic Society. Starting with the February 1910 (Vol XXI, No.","title":"National Geographic Society"},{"id":"6891126","text":"took a garden gnome, dubbed \"Gnome Severson\" in news, from a property in Redmond, Washington, U.S. and brought it on a roadtrip to California and Nevada. Gnome Severson became a national news story after the group ran into socialite Paris Hilton at a gas station, who posed for a picture with the gnome that was printed in \"People\" magazine. At the end of the week-long trip, the friends anonymously returned the gnome to its owner's front porch with a photo album titled \"Gnome’s Spring Break 2005\", which included the issue of \"People\" and other pictures of the gnome around Hollywood,","title":"Travelling gnome"},{"id":"848655","text":"were lost in a shipwreck near Australia. Upon encountering the Salish coastal tribes, either Pérouse or someone in his crew remarked, \"What must astonish most is to see painting everywhere, everywhere sculpture, among a nation of hunters\". Maritime fur trader Charles William Barkley also visited the area in \"Imperial Eagle\", a British ship falsely flying the flag of the Austrian Empire. American merchant sea-captain Robert Gray traded along the coast, and discovered the mouth of the Columbia River. Initial formal claims to the region were asserted by Spain in 1513 with explorer Nuñez de Balboa, the first European to sight","title":"Pacific Northwest"},{"id":"341511","text":"Russian bear is an animal symbol and a national personification of Russia, though this image has a Western origin and Russians themselves have accepted it only fairly recently. The native Russian national personification is Mother Russia. Tourism in Russia has seen rapid growth since the late Soviet period, first domestic tourism and then international tourism, fueled by the rich cultural heritage and great natural variety of the country. Major tourist routes in Russia include a journey around the Golden Ring of ancient cities, cruises on the big rivers like the Volga, and long journeys on the famous Trans-Siberian Railway. In","title":"Russia"},{"id":"2928171","text":"been completed by 1840, by 1860 all major eastern US cities were linked by rail, and by 1869 the first trans-American railroad link was completed. Yosemite Park was developed as a tourist attraction in the late 1850s and early 1860s for an audience who wanted a national icon and place to symbolize exotic wonder of its region. Photography played an important role for the first time in the development of tourist attractions, making it possible to distribute hundreds of images showing various places of interest. New York City, Chicago, Boston, Philadelphia, Washington, D.C., and San Francisco, all major US cities,","title":"Tourism in the United States"},{"id":"15664685","text":"clients ranging from high-end hotel groups such as W Hotels and Shangri-La, to National Parks, to airlines and marketing companies, his work has a presence in many countries around the world in both advertising and collectible fine art prints. His signature iconic landscapes and cityscapes have been published by National Geographic as well as the international press and used by tourism boards around the globe, while he continues to sell limited edition prints to collectors worldwide. In 2016, his latest venture – a collaboration with Minor Hotel Group – resulted in his opening of the \"world’s most exclusive photo gallery\",","title":"Paul Reiffer"},{"id":"98339","text":"expedition in 1900, including a Belgian national who caused the shooting of at least 122 Congolese natives. Estimates of the total death toll vary considerably. The first census was only done in 1924, so it is even more difficult to quantify the population loss of the period. Roger Casement's famous 1904 report estimated ten million people. According to Casement's report, indiscriminate \"war\", starvation, reduction of births and tropical diseases caused the country's depopulation. European and U.S. press agencies exposed the conditions in the Congo Free State to the public in 1900. By 1908 public and diplomatic pressure had led Leopold","title":"History of the Democratic Republic of the Congo"},{"id":"13965074","text":"profits in its history. However, this partial recovery did not last long and soon profits were falling once more. Leopold was embarrassed by complaints made by the British government about human rights abuses in the Congo Free State and dispatched a Commission of Inquiry to investigate the entirety of the Congo. This commission visited the Abir concession from 1 December 1904 to 5 January 1905 and, despite Abir's attempts to keep witnesses away, heard evidence of violence committed by Abir. This included the desolation of villages, murder, rape, hostage taking and excessive flogging. Abir was the only commercial body mentioned","title":"Abir Congo Company"},{"id":"12812397","text":"person was put ashore at Kamchatka and made his way across land back to Petersburg. What hasn't been said about him . . . .\" Tolstoy's voyage concluded with his arrival in Petersburg at the beginning of August 1805. Thanks to his adventures, which gave rise to much gossip in high society, the count acquired an almost legendary celebrity, as well as the lifelong nickname \"the American\", referring his stay in Russian America. Immediately upon Tolstoy's arrival in Petersburg, he was greeted with new problems: he was arrested at the city gates and sent to the guardhouse. Moreover, a special","title":"Fyodor Ivanovich Tolstoy"},{"id":"5363397","text":"intersected there, the area of Las Vegas was quickly growing. On May 15, 1905, Las Vegas officially was founded as a city, when , in what would later become downtown, were auctioned to ready buyers. Las Vegas was the driving force in the creation of Clark County, Nevada in 1909 and the city was incorporated in 1911 as a part of the county. The first mayor of Las Vegas was Peter Buol who served from 1911-1913. Shortly after the city's incorporation, the State of Nevada reluctantly became the last western state to outlaw gaming. This occurred at midnight, October 1,","title":"History of Las Vegas"},{"id":"1758187","text":"National Geographic National Geographic (formerly the National Geographic Magazine and branded also as NAT GEO) is the official magazine of the National Geographic Society. It has been published continuously since its first issue in 1888, nine months after the Society itself was founded. It primarily contains articles about science, geography, history, and world culture. The magazine is known for its thick square-bound glossy format with a yellow rectangular border and its extensive use of dramatic photographs. Controlling interest in the magazine has been held by 21st Century Fox since 2015. The magazine is published monthly, and additional map supplements are","title":"National Geographic"},{"id":"5376304","text":"London, , 1995 Location: Orlando, , 1997 Location: , Dates: August 5–6 1999 Location: Toronto, , Dates: August 10–11 2001 Location: Vancouver, , Dates: August 1–2 2003 Location: Tampa, , Dates: July 15–16 2005 Location: Budapest, Dates: July 11–14 2007 Location: San Diego, , Dates: August 5–10 2009 Location: Mexico City, Dates: July 9–16 2011 Location: San Francisco, , Dates: July 23–28 2013 Location: St. Petersburg, Dates: July 28–31 2015 Cancelled (Original Location: Stockholm, ) Note: These are all from the official page of the National Geographic World Championship. National Geographic World Championship The National Geographic World Championship (previously called","title":"National Geographic World Championship"},{"id":"19735295","text":"as they once were. Moving from the kombonis to the nicer areas of the towns (known as kuma yards) often entailed a change of lifestyle, such as avoiding cooking fish in the house because the fish makes the house smell like the komboni. The culture of kombonis is often seen as different or more traditional than life outside the kombonis, with more traditional gender roles. Lusaka has been considered a poorly planned city, which grew slowly and in ways its planners failed to anticipate. It was founded in 1905 as a railway station named for a local leader, and did","title":"Komboni"},{"id":"1587584","text":"building of the railway in 1905, though, the falls were seldom visited by other Europeans. Some writers believe that the Portuguese priest Gonçalo da Silveira was the first European to catch sight of the falls back in the sixteenth century. European settlement of the Victoria Falls area started around 1900 in response to the desire of Cecil Rhodes' British South Africa Company for mineral rights and imperial rule north of the Zambezi, and the exploitation of other natural resources such as timber forests north-east of the falls, and ivory and animal skins. Before 1905, the river was crossed above the","title":"Victoria Falls"},{"id":"684212","text":"is a botanical garden and arboretum located near the Norfolk International Airport. It is open year-round. The Virginia Zoological Park, opened in 1900, is a zoo with hundreds of animals on display, including the critically endangered Siberian tiger and threatened white rhino. The city is also known for its \",\" a public art program launched in 2002 to place mermaid statues all over the city. Tourists can take a walking tour of downtown and locate 17 mermaids while others can be found further afield. Norfolk is an independent city with services that both counties and cities in Virginia provide, such","title":"Norfolk, Virginia"},{"id":"134781","text":"the second-largest part of the economy. The war brought the islands newfound fame, and tourists came both to see the islands' wildlife and go on war tours. Cruise ships often visit, frequently as a tie-in to Antarctica. Nonetheless, the remoteness of the archipelago, and the lack of direct flights to major cities, have made the islands an expensive holiday destination, and as a result mass tourism has not really begun. In line with the increasing global interest in environmental issues, some nature reserves have been set up around the islands, although there are no national parks. In the 1990s, two","title":"History of the Falkland Islands"},{"id":"4334073","text":"exonyms \"Dunaj\" (Vienna) and \"Benetke\" (Venice), and the borrowed exonyms \"Kijev\" (Kiev) and \"Vilna\" (Vilnius), from Russian. A substantial proportion of English exonyms for places in continental Europe are borrowed (or adapted) from French; for example: Navarre (\"Navarra/Nafarroa\"), Belgrade (\"Beograd\"), Cologne (\"Köln\"), Munich (\"München\"), Prague (\"Praha\"), Rome (\"Roma\"), Naples (\"Napoli\"), and Florence (\"Firenze\"). According to James A. Matisoff, who introduced the term \"autonym\" into linguistics, \"Human nature being what it is, exonyms are liable to be pejorative rather than complimentary, especially where there is a real or fancied difference in cultural level between the ingroup and the outgroup.\" For example,","title":"Exonym and endonym"},{"id":"920055","text":"derive from the northwest, as winds are driven downward along the axis of the California Central Valley; in December, January and February there is an increased presence of southeastern wind directions in the wind rose statistics. Fresno meteorology was selected in a national U.S. Environmental Protection Agency study for analysis of equilibrium temperature for use of ten-year meteorological data to represent a warm, dry western United States locale. The official record high temperature for Fresno is , set on July 8, 1905, while the official record low is , set on January 6, 1913. The average windows for temperatures to","title":"Fresno, California"},{"id":"274693","text":"oysters, and sailcloth. For the year of 1911–12, Manama was visited by 52 steamships, the majority being British and the rest Turkish-Arabian. The role of Manama as a regional port city in the Persian Gulf made it a hub for migrant workers in search of a better living. As a result, Manama has often been described, both in the pre-oil and post-oil era, as a cosmopolitan city. In 1904, it was estimated that Manama's population numbered 25,000, out of which half were believed to have been foreigners from Basra, Najd, Al Hasa and Iran, as well as from India and","title":"Manama"},{"id":"1794324","text":"the Irish Canals and Rivers on a trip from Dublin to Limerick (Dara's Greyhound Snip Nua also tagged along for the trip), went to Scotland, and sailed along the Balkan coast ending up in Venice for a gondola race. His documentary series \"Mountain\", for which he climbed 15 British peaks during 2006, was broadcast on BBC One 29 July–26 August 2007. Rhys Jones fronted \"Greatest Cities of the World\", which saw him visiting a different city each week. The first series, featuring London, New York and Paris, aired on primetime ITV in October 2008. A second series featuring Rome, Sydney","title":"Griff Rhys Jones"},{"id":"9286058","text":"who participated in the 1925 serum run to Nome. Barks had read an article about Balto in an issue of \"National Geographic\", and was inspired to create this character. The story starts with a photographer from \"Jolt\" magazine, wanting to do a picture story on Scrooge. Donald is partly to blame after he tries to convince Scrooge that if he does it, he will be paid fifty thousand dollars. Scrooge refuses, saying that if more people knew that he was the Richest Duck in the World, \"every chisler from Cape Town to Nome would be waylaying me!\" It is not","title":"North of the Yukon"},{"id":"1359762","text":"He was highly critical of European imperialists, notably Cecil Rhodes, who greatly expanded the British Empire, and Leopold II, King of the Belgians. \"King Leopold's Soliloquy\" is a stinging political satire about his private colony, the Congo Free State. Reports of outrageous exploitation and grotesque abuses led to widespread international protest in the early 1900s, arguably the first large-scale human rights movement. In the soliloquy, the King argues that bringing Christianity to the country outweighs a little starvation. Leopold's rubber gatherers were tortured, maimed and slaughtered until the movement forced Brussels to call a halt. During the Philippine–American War, Twain","title":"Mark Twain"},{"id":"17025236","text":"and the \"Tribune\", as well as the Fair's publicity department. In addition to photographing the various exhibits at the Fair, Beals also captured a candid photograph of President Theodore Roosevelt. This initial encounter earned her a special pass to photograph Roosevelt and the Rough Riders at their reunion in San Antonio, Texas in 1905. In 1905 Beals opened her own studio on Sixth Avenue in New York City. Beals continued to take on a variety of photograph assignments, ranging from shots of auto races and portraits of society figures, to her well-known photographs of Bohemian Greenwich Village and the New","title":"Jessie Tarbox Beals"},{"id":"16571889","text":"in Costa Rica. While some believe earliest mention of the \"White City\" appears to have been made by pilot Charles Lindbergh, who is said to have reported ruins he saw while flying over Honduras in 1927. However, author Jason Colavito notes, \"So far as I know, Lindbergh’s 1927 claim is where many believe the name Ciudad Blanca comes from, but even this isn’t certain since this legend saw print only in the 1950s, some three decades after the fact.\" Lindbergh is said to have described it as \"an amazing ancient metropolis.\" However, according to Colavito, \"The oft-quoted phrase 'an amazing","title":"La Ciudad Blanca"},{"id":"20476183","text":"was wholeheartedly embraced and became championed as the \"American Adam of landscape painting.” Cole is considered to be one of the pioneers of American environmentalism, for his concern for the impending destruction by “Copper-hearted barbarians … pushing a railroad up through his valley to exploit its natural resources – through mining, quarrying, and logging” and in his effort to inform the public, Thomas Cole’s labors are among those that motivated the creation of the National Park Service. Catskill Park was established in 1904 to protect thousands of acres, incredible vistas, and mountain ranges including thirty-three Catskill’s high peaks, a natural","title":"Lake with Dead Trees"},{"id":"409713","text":"and reprinted as \"Song\" in \"The Harvard Advocate\", Harvard University's student magazine. He also published three short stories in 1905, \"Birds of Prey\", \"A Tale of a Whale\" and \"The Man Who Was King\". The last mentioned story significantly reflects his exploration of Igorot Village while visiting the 1904 World's Fair of St. Louis. Such a link with primitive people importantly antedates his anthropological studies at Harvard. Eliot lived in St. Louis, Missouri for the first sixteen years of his life at the house on Locust St. where he was born. After going away to school in 1905, he only","title":"T. S. Eliot"},{"id":"20078007","text":"shoot its 2016 global campaign. In 2016, his photograph \"Sinking Venice\" was chosen as part of the CIWEM - Environmental Photographer of the Year exhibition held at the Royal Geographical Society in London, the third time his work was so honored. In the same year Busiello started freelancing for the renown Italian magazine DOVE, where his first assignments focus on Naples, his hometown. Busiello's storytelling through photography has caught the interest of museums, including the Smithsonian Museum of Natural History in Washington, DC and London's Natural History Museum which have featured his work. Additionally, his images have appeared in a","title":"Antonio Busiello"},{"id":"3867852","text":"his work featured in Wildlife Conservation, Audubon, \"Geo\", \"National Geographic\", \"\", \"Stern\", \"Der Spiegel\" and the \"New York Times\" among others. In 1997 National Geographic Magazine published Mattias Klum's photographs for the first time, which made him the first Swede to have his work on the cover, then he was one of National Geographic's youngest contributors. Since 1997, he has produced a number of articles and twelve cover stories for the magazine, including \"Malaysia's Secret Realm\" (August 1997), \"Asia's Last Lions\" (June 2001), \"Meerkats Stand Tall\" (September 2002), \"What Darwin Didn't Know\" (February 2009) and \"The Bite That Heals\" (February","title":"Mattias Klum"},{"id":"10447018","text":"the first four words (\"a rare bird in the land\") are often used ironically. For some 1500 years, the black swan existed in the European imagination as a metaphor for that which could not exist. The Dutch explorer Willem de Vlamingh made the first European record of sighting a black swan in 1697, when he sailed into, and named, the Swan River on the western coast of New Holland. The sighting was significant in Europe, where \"all swans are white\" had long been used as a standard example of a well-known truth. In 1726, two birds were captured near Dirk","title":"Black swan emblems and popular culture"},{"id":"11018833","text":"Tales of the Alhambra Tales of the Alhambra is a collection of essays, verbal sketches, and stories by Washington Irving. Shortly after completing a biography of Christopher Columbus in 1828, Washington Irving travelled from Madrid, where he had been staying, to Granada, Spain. At first sight, he described it as \"a most picturesque and beautiful city, situated in one of the loveliest landscapes that I have ever seen.\" Irving was preparing a book called \"A Chronicle of the Conquest of Granada\", a history of the years 1478–1492, and was continuing his research on the topic. He immediately asked the then-governor","title":"Tales of the Alhambra"},{"id":"14915063","text":"present-day Bay of Rincón. On his first voyage, Christopher Columbus had mostly amicable encounters with the Taínos, one of the indigenous people of the Caribbean islands. He sailed along the islands' coast, entering into capes and harbors to look at the scenery, hoping to find cities and large groups of population to trade with. Ultimately, what he expected was to reach the outer limits of the Chinese empire. Because he never found what he was looking for, he rarely went onto the land, but rather stayed on board his ship \"Santa María\". He saw several fires and canoes that showed","title":"Bay of Arrows"},{"id":"12348437","text":"Arnold Wilson, Britain's representative in the Persian Gulf and author of \"The Persian Gulf\", arrived in Bahrain from Muscat at this time. The uprising developed further with some protesters killed by British forces. Before the development of petroleum, the island was largely devoted to pearl fisheries and, as late as the 19th century, was considered to be the finest in the world. In 1903, German explorer, Hermann Burchardt, visited Bahrain and took many photographs of historical sites, including the old \"Qaṣr es-Sheikh\", photos now stored at the Ethnological Museum of Berlin. Prior to the First World War, there were about","title":"Bahrain"},{"id":"20756039","text":"William Chadeayne William Chadeayne was an early long-distance motorcyclist from Buffalo, New York. He set a transcontinental record for North America in 1905, going from New York City to San Francisco in 47 and a half days. He was an officer of the Thomas Auto-Bi company and rode one of their motorcycles on the transcontinental record-setting trip. The 1905 transcontinental journey took place between September 13 and October 30, 1905. He described the roads even east of the Mississippi as \"unspeakably vile ... seas of mud or oceans of sand\", taking exactly two weeks to arrive in Chicago. There were","title":"William Chadeayne"},{"id":"18674842","text":"Wodehouse. \"The Romance of Terence O’Rourke, Gentleman Adventurer\" by Louis Joseph Vance, a pulp novel from 1907 probably based on magazine stories published in 1904, is a romanticized version of the \"Empire of the Sahara\", with Terence O'Rourke being an American adventurer who is recruited to help a cowardly French millionaire become the \"Emperor of the Sahara\". Another work on Lebaudy was English artist John Copley's 1909 collection of lithographs \"The Fall and Rise of His Imperial Majesty Jacques Démodé\". The adventures of Lebaudy even inspired a French game-maker to produce a wire puzzle in his honor. Jacques Lebaudy Jacques","title":"Jacques Lebaudy"},{"id":"3743266","text":"of the region's subtropical climate and decided to build a high-class resort there. Having raised a large sum of money from the government, he built himself a palace there and constructed a number of other buildings in an eclectic variety of styles from around Europe. A park was laid out with tropical trees and even parrots and monkeys imported to give it an exotic feel. Despite the expensive work, the resort was not initially a success, although it did later attract a growing number of foreign tourists visiting on cruises of the Black Sea. In the Russian Revolution of 1905,","title":"Gagra"},{"id":"10660235","text":"the fuel trade beyond the 20th century. Workaday purposes were not the only ones pursued on the waters. Mark Twain's \"Innocents Abroad\" recounts one of the first cruise ship voyages out of Brooklyn in the 1860s for rich people, while the 1904 General Slocum disaster points out the late 19th- and early 20th-century habit of organizing day excursions for humbler folk. Some trips went to amusement parks or other attractions, and some merely to a dock with a footpath to a meadow for dancing, picnicking and other pleasures made more pleasurable by absence from the hectic, noisy city. Day-trippers visited","title":"History of transportation in New York City"},{"id":"2141360","text":"In his 1903 general history of Taiwan, US Consul to Formosa (1898–1904) James W. Davidson related that \"Kelung\" was among the few well-known names, thus warranting no alternate Japanese romanization. However, the Taiwanese people have long called the city \"Kelang\" (). It has been proposed that this name was derived from the local mountain that took the shape of a rooster cage. However, it is more probable that the name was derived from the first inhabitants of the region, as are the names of many other Taiwanese cities. In this case, the Ketagalan people were the first inhabitants, and early","title":"Keelung"},{"id":"20404032","text":"Out of Paradise \"Out of Paradise\" is a short story by E. W. Hornung, and features the gentleman thief A. J. Raffles, and his companion and biographer, Bunny Manders. The story was first published in December 1904 by \"Collier's Weekly\" in New York, and in January 1905 by \"Pall Mall Magazine\" in London. The story was also included as the first story in the collection \"A Thief in the Night\", published by Chatto & Windus in London, and Charles Scribner's Sons in New York, both in 1905. Bunny was once engaged to a niece to a rich politician, Hector Carruthers,","title":"Out of Paradise"},{"id":"7418783","text":"4, 1905. Venice came to be known as the \"Coney Island of the Pacific.\" By mid-January 1906, an area was built along the edge of the Grand Lagoon patterned after the amusement thoroughfares of the great 19th and 20th century expositions. It featured foreign exhibits, amusements, and freak shows. Trolley service was available from Downtown Los Angeles and nearby Santa Monica. Visitors were dazzled by the system of canals complete with gondolas and gondoliers brought in from Venice, Italy. There were ornate Venetian-style businesses and a full-sized amusement pier. Around the entire park, a miniature steam railroad ran on a","title":"Abbot Kinney"},{"id":"2015075","text":"a small pocket of air, which at certain angles produced a rainbow, or Newton's rings. Shortly after its discovery, Cullinan went on public display at the Standard Bank in Johannesburg, where it was seen by an estimated 8,000–9,000 visitors. In April 1905, the rough gem was deposited with Premier Mining Co.'s London sales agent, S. Neumann & Co. Due to its immense value, detectives were assigned to a steamboat that was rumoured to be carrying the stone, and a parcel was ceremoniously locked in the captain's safe and guarded on the entire journey. It was a diversionary tactic – the","title":"Cullinan Diamond"},{"id":"10755008","text":"coureurs des bois in Canada, the Cossacks and the promyshlenniki in Siberia and in Alaska, the bands of pioneers in the central and western United States, and the voortrekkers in Southern Africa. Foundational stories are accounts of the development of cities and nations. A foundational story represents the view that the creation of the city is a human achievement. Human control and the removal of \"wild, uncontrolled\" nature is underlined. There are two versions of foundational stories: \"civilization story\" and \"degradation story\". \"Civilization stories\" take a view of nature as dangerous and wild. The development of the city is seen","title":"Origin myth"},{"id":"7939464","text":"The lower section of the river was the site of some of the worst flooding of the Great Flood of 1993. Near the central, western boundary of the city is Forest Park, site of the 1904 World's fair, the Louisiana Purchase Exposition of 1904, and the 1904 Summer Olympics, the first Olympic Games held in North America. At the time, St. Louis was the fourth most populous city in the United States. The Missouri River forms the northern border of St. Louis County, exclusive of a few areas where the river has changed its course. The Meramec River forms most","title":"Geography of St. Louis"},{"id":"18638198","text":"the trans-ecology of water. Set in the year 2054, it takes the form of a natural history display. A diorama features plastic eating creatures, their physiologies built on vacuum cleaners & the parts thereof the artist found discarded on Sydney's streets. The creatures have been genetically engineered using the CRISPR method to clean up the plastics polluting oceans and rivers. The diorama is contextualised by photographs of pristine nature as it would have been in 1905, the year bakelite was invented, plus case studies of rivers in Athens, Kassel and Sydney, 2017, showing plastic pollution off city streets floating towards","title":"Bonita Ely"},{"id":"9164055","text":"Verde Islands. It is here that Darwin's description in his published \"Journal\" begins. His initial impression was of a desolate and sterile volcanic island, but after visiting the town he came to a deep valley where he \"first saw the glory of tropical vegetation\" and had \"a glorious day\", finding overwhelming novelty in the sights and sounds. FitzRoy set up tents and an observatory on Quail Island to determine the exact position of the islands, while Darwin collected numerous sea animals, delighting in vivid tropical corals in tidal pools, and investigating the geology of Quail Island. Though Daubeny's book in","title":"Second voyage of HMS Beagle"},{"id":"18429870","text":"History of Santa Catalina Island (California) The history of human activity on Santa Catalina Island, California begins with the Native Americans who called the island \"Pimugna\" or \"Pimu\" and referred to themselves as \"Pimugnans\" or \"Pimuvit\". The first Europeans to arrive on Catalina claimed it for the Spanish Empire. Over the years, territorial claims to the island transferred to Mexico and then to the United States. During this time, the island was sporadically used for smuggling, otter hunting, and gold-digging. Catalina was successfully developed into a tourist destination by chewing gum magnate William Wrigley, Jr. beginning in the 1920s, with","title":"History of Santa Catalina Island (California)"},{"id":"2049627","text":"been built by Native Americans somewhere in the desert Southwest. As early as 1611, Sebastián Vizcaíno surveyed the east coast of Japan and searched for two mythical islands called Rico de Oro (Rich in Gold) and Rico de Plata (Rich in Silver). Books such as The Travels of Marco Polo fuelled rumours of mythical places. Stories included the half-fabulous Christian Empire of \"Prester John\", the kingdom of the White Queen on the \"Western Nile\" (Sénégal River), the Fountain of Youth, cities of Gold in North and South America such as Quivira, Zuni-Cibola Complex, and El Dorado, and wonderful kingdoms of","title":"Conquistador"},{"id":"17014320","text":"Polo\" is one of the Ensemble's biggest successes, having spent a few weeks at the top of the classical music charts in Germany, in the 1993. The 13th century was the time of great political and economic expansion in the Republic of Venice. Marco Polo was a famous Venetian merchant traveler whose travels are recorded in \"Il Milione\", a book which did much to introduce Europeans to Central Asia and China. He learned about trading whilst his father and uncle, Niccolò and Maffeo, travelled through Asia and apparently met Kublai Khan. In 1269, they returned to Venice to meet Marco","title":"Marco Polo – The Journey"},{"id":"2952414","text":"The city's name is said to derive from the name of Kyi, one of its four legendary founders (see Name, below). During its history, Kiev, one of the oldest cities in Eastern Europe, passed through several stages of great prominence and relative obscurity. The city probably existed as a commercial centre as early as the 5th century. A Slavic settlement on the great trade route between Scandinavia and Constantinople, Kiev was a tributary of the Khazars, until seized by the Varangians (Vikings) in the mid-9th century. Under Varangian rule, the city became a capital of the Kievan Rus', the first","title":"Kiev"},{"id":"230317","text":"streames, and all sorts of beasts of chase and game, and in the middest thereof a sumptuous house of pleasure, which may be moved from place to place. This quotation was based upon the writings of the Venetian explorer Marco Polo who is widely believed to have visited Xanadu in about 1275. In about 1298–1299, he dictated a description of Xanadu which includes these lines: Marco Polo also mentioned a large portable palace made of gilded and lacquered cane or bamboo which could be taken apart quickly and moved from place to place. He described it this way: Moreover at","title":"Kubla Khan"},{"id":"11409592","text":"It describes a fashionable and star-encrusted area in the south of France starting from the peninsula Cap Martin and including the Monte Carlo beach and the Riviera. Names of famous people, places and events, as well as geographical features, are capitalised for emphasis. The amenities provided by hotels, night clubs, casinos, museums and beaches, as well as a fish farm out at sea (producing the luxury fish, sea bass), are all named and occasionally described for the wealthy visitor.\" Between 1990 and 1994, Bond collaborated with artist Liam Gillick on their Documents Series a group of eighty-three fine art works","title":"Henry Bond"},{"id":"11916868","text":"of which it is one of the world's largest exporters. The national bird of Grenada is the critically endangered Grenada dove. Before the arrival of Europeans in the Americas, Grenada was inhabited by the indigenous Arawaks and later by the Island Caribs. Christopher Columbus sighted Grenada in 1498 during his third voyage to the Americas. Although it was deemed the property of the King of Spain, there are no records to suggest the Spanish ever landed or settled on the island. Following several unsuccessful attempts by Europeans to colonise the island due to resistance from the Island Caribs, French settlement","title":"Grenada"},{"id":"351072","text":"of its five star hotels were the second most expensive in the world after only New York City. Rio de Janeiro is Brazil's primary tourist attraction and resort. It receives the most visitors per year of any city in South America with 2.82 million international tourists a year. The city world-class hotels, approximately 80 kilometres of beaches and the famous Corcovado and Sugarloaf mountains. While the city had in past had a thriving tourism sector, the industry entered a decline in the last quarter of the 20th century. Annual international airport arrivals dropped from 621,000 to 378,000 and average hotel","title":"Rio de Janeiro"},{"id":"7433786","text":"in the musical, \"The Little Michus\" at Daly's Theatre, London, in 1905. A contemporary magazine described it thus: \"According to Mr. Graves, the Gazeka was first discovered by an explorer who was accompanied in his travels by a case of whiskey, and who half thought that he had seen it before in a sort of dream.\" Graves's idea became a fad of the season and George Edwardes mounted a competition to encourage artists to give sketches of what the beast might look like. Charles Folkard won the competition, and the Gazeka suddenly appeared in the form of various items of","title":"Gazeka"},{"id":"17369558","text":"Michael Melford (photographer) Michael Melford (born February 18, 1950, Hastings-on-Hudson, NY) is an American photographer, artist and teacher known for his \"National Geographic\" magazine assignments. Michael Melford was born and raised in Hastings-on-Hudson, NY. He has a BS in photography from Syracuse University. Melford is known for his raw, natural landscapes and his ability to capture vibrant motion in nature. He has produced over 30 stories for National Geographic Traveler magazine, including eight covers. He has extensively photographed the marvels of America's National Parks and Alaska. His inspirations are Ansel Adams and Ernst Haas. Melford's photographs have appeared in The","title":"Michael Melford (photographer)"},{"id":"175578","text":"founded in 1907 by Carl Hagenbeck as the first zoo with moated, barless enclosures. In 2016, the average visitor spent two nights in Hamburg. The majority of visitors come from Germany. Most foreigners are European, especially from Denmark (395,681 overnight stays), the United Kingdom (301,000 overnight stays), Switzerland (340,156 overnight stays), Austria (about 252,397 overnight stays) and the Netherlands (about 182,610 overnight stays). The largest group from outside Europe comes from the United States (206,614 overnight stays). The \"Queen Mary 2\" has docked regularly since 2004, and there were six departures planned from 2010 onwards. Media businesses employ over 70,000","title":"Hamburg"},{"id":"16009240","text":"his work Moses Bowness Moses Bowness (1833–1894) was a Victorian photographer, farmer, entrepreneur and poet. Born into a copper-miner's family, he built in Ambleside in the Lake District, England, the largest photographic business in Westmorland at that time. He photographed many notable people and visitors, as well as local views and residents. In May 1857 he photographed the visiting party of the young Prince of Wales, later King Edward VII. The Prince recorded this event in his diary. From then on the reverse of his carte-de-visite say \"Photographer to HRH the Prince of Wales\". He trained a number of local","title":"Moses Bowness"},{"id":"2108564","text":"Portage Bay), as late as 1900 on land given him by pioneer David Denny (or property he purchased— \"see Cheshiahud\"). Photographer Orion O. Denny recorded Old Tom and Madeline, c. 1904, further noted in the archives of the University of Washington Library as Madeline and Old John, also known as Indian John or Cheshishon, who had a house on Portage Bay in the 1900s, south of what is now the UW campus. Chudups John and his family, like Princess Angeline, seem to have been excepted from the law by which Native people had been prohibited from residence in Seattle since","title":"Duwamish people"},{"id":"8173200","text":"sides contribute to its unique and year-round warm climate, with some of the warmest winters west of the Rocky Mountains. Its average annual high temperature is and its average annual low is . Summer highs above are common and sometimes exceed , while summer night lows often stay above . Winters are warm with daytime highs often between . The average annual precipitation is under , with over 348 days of sunshine per year. The hottest temperature ever recorded in the area was on July 6, 1905. The mean annual temperature is . The 2010 United States Census reported that","title":"Thermal, California"},{"id":"10583620","text":"also a scale model of the Quarry Hill flats. The exhibits are organised among several galleries. See a slideshow here. This is the natural history gallery. This exhibit - so beloved of the Leeds populace that when the curators wanted to throw it away, the Yorkshire Post newspaper held a campaign to retain it - has a strange history. It was a tigerskin rug when presented to the Museum in the 19th century. Museum records give the impression that the tiger had been shot for spending too much time near a village in India. The pelt was then combined with","title":"Leeds City Museum"},{"id":"17919408","text":"killed. Afterwards, Brown has a change of heart after seeing the Kid's true character and courage. The sheriff agrees to keep the Kid's identity secret so Enrique can continue his life with his new family. \"The Texan\" is based on the short story \"The Double-Dyed Deceiver\" by O. Henry, which was first published in \"Everybody's Magazine\" in December 1905. The story was previously filmed as \"A Double-Dyed Deceiver\" (1920) with Jack Pickford in the lead role. In his review for \"The New York Times\", Mordaunt Hall called the film \"an expertly touched-up audible pictorial adaptation of O. Henry's story\". Hall","title":"The Texan (film)"},{"id":"292446","text":"cities for 18 months; and an exhibition of China's Terracotta Warriors in its Washington headquarters in 2009–10. Its Education Foundation gives grants to education organizations and individuals to improve geography education. Its Committee for Research and Exploration has awarded more than 11,000 grants for scientific research and exploration. National Geographic has retail stores in Washington, D.C., London, Sydney, and Panama. The locations outside of the United States are operated by Worldwide Retail Store S.L., a Spanish holding company. The Society's media arm is National Geographic Partners, a joint venture between 21st Century Fox and the Society, which publishes a journal,","title":"National Geographic Society"},{"id":"50382","text":"1982, and were featured as toys, on clothing and in film. Around the world, many children—and some adults—have teddy bears, stuffed toys in the form of bears, named after the American statesman Theodore Roosevelt when in 1902 he had refused to shoot an American black bear tied to a tree. Bears, like other animals, may symbolize nations. In 1911, the British satirical magazine \"Punch\" published a cartoon about the Anglo-Russian Entente by Leonard Raven-Hill in which the British lion watches as the Russian bear sits on the tail of the Persian cat. The Russian Bear has been a common national","title":"Bear"},{"id":"5432571","text":"been photographed. The image itself was named as \"the most recognized photograph\" in the history of the \"National Geographic\" magazine, and her face became famous as the cover photograph on the June 1985 issue. The photo has also been widely used on Amnesty International brochures, posters, and calendars. The identity of the \"Afghan Girl\" remained unknown for over 17 years until McCurry and a \"National Geographic\" team located the woman, Sharbat Gula, in 2002. McCurry said, “Her skin is weathered; there are wrinkles now, but she is as striking as she was all those years ago.” In 2016 McCurry was","title":"Steve McCurry"},{"id":"11744967","text":"Hotel Boulderado houses three restaurants. Located off of the main lobby are Spruce Farm and Fish, a fine-dining restaurant, and the Corner Bar, a more casual eatery. The basement contains a speakeasy-style bar, License No. 1, which recently replaced Catacombs. All three restaurants share a kitchen. The Hotel Boulderado appears in Stephen King's novel \"Misery\". In 1905, Boulder was home to 8,000 residents, the University of Colorado, one of the Chautauqua cultural and educational resorts, and twenty-six automobiles. Residents called the city the \"Athens of the West.\" As a new-forged railroad hub, the city did have some hotels to accommodate","title":"Hotel Boulderado"},{"id":"7094329","text":"round the Mediterranean and traveled to Paris, Rome and Venice in the fall while working on frontispieces for an American edition of Henry James' novels. While in Paris he saw Steichen's Autochrome color photographs and learned the process from him. By 1907 Coburn was so well established in his career that Shaw called him \"the greatest photographer in the world,\" although he was only 24 years old at the time. He continued his success by having a one-man show at Stieglitz's prestigious \"Little Galleries of the Photo-Secession\" in New York and by organizing an international exhibition of photography at the","title":"Alvin Langdon Coburn"},{"id":"18404002","text":"sibling, Ernest W. Kurrle. Prior to his entry into the film industry, Kurrle was already an innovative filmmaker. In 1909, flying in a Curtiss open cockpit bi-plane, he photographed the Panama Canal from the air. In 1913, Kurrle would become the first photographer to take an aerial photograph of the city of Oakland, California. Describing the experience, Kurrle said \"... we went along just as smoothly as if we were riding on velvet\". Kurrle's first foray into the film industry was on the 1916 film, \"Her Great Price\", directed by Edwin Carewe. He later collaborated with Carewe on a number","title":"Robert Kurrle"},{"id":"12668159","text":"Panda Bear, Panda Bear, What Do You See? Panda Bear, Panda Bear, What Do You See? is a children's picture book by Bill Martin, Jr. and illustrated by Eric Carle. It is the third companion book to \"Brown Bear, Brown Bear, What Do You See?\". Various endangered animals answer the question \"What do you see?\" and the answers are what animal they see. The text is in rhyme. The list of animals includes a panda bear, a bald eagle, a water buffalo, a spider monkey, a green sea turtle, a macaroni penguin, a sea lion, a red wolf, a whooping","title":"Panda Bear, Panda Bear, What Do You See?"},{"id":"241044","text":"few or no clues to their decline. For example, Malden Island, in the central Pacific, was deserted when first visited by Europeans in 1825, but the unsuspected presence of ruined temples and the remains of other structures found on the island indicate that a population of Polynesians had lived there for perhaps several generations some centuries earlier. Prolonged drought seems the most likely explanation for their demise and the remote nature of the island meant few visitors. With the development of archaeology and the application of modern techniques, many previously lost cities have been rediscovered. Machu Picchu is a pre-Columbian","title":"Lost city"},{"id":"903220","text":"(as a jazz fan, he used to scour record catalogues and was intrigued by titles such as \"I want to be alone in the South\"), the name of an American city such as Durango or Daytona, a title card from a silent film, or an image from a talking picture such as White Shadows in the South Seas which he had seen in Paris. The metrical schemes and rhyme patterns of the first two collections are largely abandoned; only a few of the poems in this book are written in alexandrine quatrains. Such metrical regularity is not a feature of","title":"Luis Cernuda"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"id\": \"1758190\",\n \"text\": \"40 million people each month. Starting with its January 1905 publication of several full-page pictures of Tibet in 1900–1901, the magazine changed from being a text-oriented publication closer to a scientific journal to featuring extensive pictorial content, and became well known for this style. The June 1985 cover portrait of the presumed to be 12-year-old Afghan girl Sharbat Gula, shot by photographer Steve McCurry, became one of the magazine's most recognizable images. \\\"National Geographic Kids\\\", the children's version of the magazine, was launched in 1975 under the name \\\"National Geographic World\\\". From the 1970s through about 2010 the magazine was\",\n \"title\": \"National Geographic\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12258653\",\n \"text\": \"spent 888 days from 1900 to 1901. There, he secretly made around 200 pictures. These, together with pictures made independently on the same pilgrimage by another, less documented Russian explorer, Kalmyk (Tsybikov arriving in Lhasa in August, 1900, and Norzunov in the end of the year), were later to become the so-called Hallmark for National Geographic. The history of the magazine as it is known today, delivering pictures first, started with January 1905 edition of several full-page reprints of Tsybikov and Norzunov's pictures. Originally done because of the lack of texts, this publication gained the magazine wide success and popularity.\",\n \"title\": \"Gombojab Tsybikov\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16405241\",\n \"text\": \"in 1911. He was also the official photographer for the St. Louis World's Fair in 1904 and the Lewis and Clark Centennial Exposition in Portland the following year. With the rise of the Photo-Secession in New York in the 1900s, Rau, like many commercial photographers, gradually fell into obscurity. He died at his home in Philadelphia on November 19, 1920. Rau's photographs span a wide range of topics in places around the world. Cities photographed by Rau include New York City, Paris, Moscow, Cairo, Tokyo, Naples, Nablus, St. Pierre, Martinique, Butte, Montana, and his native Philadelphia. Individuals who posed for\",\n \"title\": \"William H. Rau\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"163469\",\n \"text\": \"during the Yongle era, J.J.L. Duyvendak exclaims, \\\"Can it possibly have been a Pandah?\\\" The comparative obscurity of the giant panda throughout most of China's history is illustrated by the fact that, despite there being a number of depictions of bears in Chinese art starting from its most ancient times, and the bamboo being one of the favorite subjects for Chinese painters, there are no known pre-20th-century artistic representations of giant pandas. The West first learned of the giant panda on 11 March 1869, when the French missionary Armand David received a skin from a hunter. The first Westerner known\",\n \"title\": \"Giant panda\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10627923\",\n \"text\": \"Carnegie offered the king a plaster copy, which was installed May 12, 1905 in London (see Dippy (London)). (The original bones, however, were not prepared and erected at the Carnegie in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania until 1907.) Kaiser Wilhelm II and other European royalty followed suit and asked for \\\"Diplodocus carnegii\\\" copies for their national museums. During the next 25 years replicas were installed in Berlin, Germany; Paris, France; Vienna, Austria; Bologna, Italy; St. Petersburg, Russia; La Plata, Argentina; Madrid, Spain; and Mexico City, Mexico, making Dippy the first dinosaur specimen to be duplicated so frequently and internationally for viewing by the\",\n \"title\": \"Bone Wars (book)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20996480\",\n \"text\": \"to 1905, when a young man found the image floating near the riverbank of \\\"Barrio\\\" Guibang in the town of Gamu in the province of Isabela. The young man brought the image to the hut of a poor couple, \\\"Francisco Noble\\\" and \\\"Maria Noble\\\". The couple, at first, were hesitant to receive the image because the cannot afford to give alms. Nevertheless, they were persuaded to welcome the image into their humble home. They were asked to pray the Holy Rosary and offer works of mercy in honor of the image. On the night of the visit, they were amazed\",\n \"title\": \"Our Lady of the Visitation of Guibang\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11458446\",\n \"text\": \"meters beneath the Caucasus Mountains in the breakaway Russian republic of Abkhazia. He photographed subterranean Rome in 2005 for National Geographic. In 2006 National Geographic assigned Alvarez the story Raging Danger, which documents the river caves of Papua New Guinea. This story won a Communication Arts award in Editorial Series. Traveling across the Pacific in 2007, Alvarez photographed Peopling the Pacific, a story about the earliest voyagers of the Pacific Islands. His adventure included sailing on the traditional Hawaiian vessel, the Hokule'a. The story was published in National Geographic Magazine in March 2008. In June 2009 Deep South, Alvarez's photographs\",\n \"title\": \"Stephen Alvarez\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9649375\",\n \"text\": \"indeed, have an impact. No. 17 Seoul — Finally making the move in Asia, not No. 1, but a respectable No. 3 regionally. No. 21 Washington, DC — A move into respectability!? No. 28 Melbourne and No. 34 Sydney — Trading Places No. 44 Portland, OR — A very nice debut. No. 47 Kuala Lumpur — Another solid debut. No. 46 Boston, No. 48 Miami, No.53 Chicago, No. 54 Houston, and No. 59 Toronto — All down by twenty spots, or more. No. 63 Caracas — On Hiatus due to Insurrection. Fashion capital A fashion capital is a city which\",\n \"title\": \"Fashion capital\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"330709\",\n \"text\": \"the Bibbulmun. On 19 September 2006, the Federal Court of Australia brought down a judgment recognising Noongar native title over the Perth metropolitan area in the case of \\\"Bennell v State of Western Australia\\\" [2006] FCA 1243. The judgment was overturned on appeal. The first documented sighting of the region was made by the Dutch Captain Willem de Vlamingh and his crew on 10 January 1697. Subsequent sightings between this date and 1829 were made by other Europeans, but as in the case of the sighting and observations made by Vlamingh, the area was considered to be inhospitable and unsuitable\",\n \"title\": \"Perth\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9456060\",\n \"text\": \"evidence that billions of dollars Do, indeed, have an impact. No. 17 Seoul — Finally making the move in Asia, not No. 1, but a respectable No. 3 regionally. No. 21 Washington, DC — A move into respectability!? No. 28 Melbourne and No. 34 Sydney — Trading Places No. 44 Portland, OR — A very nice debut. No. 47 Kuala Lumpur — Another solid debut. No. 46 Boston, No. 48 Miami, No.53 Chicago, No. 54 Houston, and No. 59 Toronto — All down by twenty spots, or more. No. 63 Caracas — On Hiatus due to Insurrection. Methodology: For this\",\n \"title\": \"Global Language Monitor\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15226566\",\n \"text\": \"of the Panama Canal. Davidson believed an expo would help improve commerce (it would advertise that San Diego was the first U.S. port of call vessels encountered after passing through the canal and sailing north), build the city's population, and expand the infrastructure of the park. He later explained the significance of holding the expo in San Diego: After a 1910 contest to rename City Park, the park was named after Vasco Núñez de Balboa, the first European to cross Central America and see the Pacific Ocean. San Diego would be the smallest city to ever hold a World's Fair;\",\n \"title\": \"Balboa Park (San Diego)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"446596\",\n \"text\": \"Venice, Los Angeles Venice is a residential, commercial, and recreational beachfront neighborhood within Los Angeles, California. It is located within the urban region of western Los Angeles County known as the Westside. Venice was founded in 1905 as a seaside resort town. It was an independent city until 1926, when it merged with Los Angeles. Today, Venice is known for its canals, beaches, and the circus-like Ocean Front Walk, a pedestrian promenade that features performers, mystics, artists and vendors. In the later half of the 2010s, the neighborhood has faced severe gentrification raising real-estate prices and thereby pushing out long-term\",\n \"title\": \"Venice, Los Angeles\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2585962\",\n \"text\": \"by Graphic Art Service, based in Marietta, Georgia. McCurry did not record the name of the person he had photographed. The picture, titled \\\"Afghan Girl\\\", appeared on the June 1985 cover of \\\"National Geographic\\\". The image of her face, with a red scarf draped loosely over her head and her eyes staring directly into the camera was named \\\"the most recognized photograph\\\" in the history of the magazine, and the cover itself is one of the most famous of the \\\"National Geographic\\\". \\\"American Photo\\\" magazine says the image has an \\\"unusual combination of grittiness and glamour\\\". Her green eyes are\",\n \"title\": \"Afghan Girl\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11018838\",\n \"text\": \"Pedro Alonso Pablos made an animated mini-series featuring some of the Tales of the Alhambra: \\\"The Arab Astrologer\\\", \\\"The three beautiful princesses\\\" and \\\"The rose of the Alhambra\\\". Tales of the Alhambra Tales of the Alhambra is a collection of essays, verbal sketches, and stories by Washington Irving. Shortly after completing a biography of Christopher Columbus in 1828, Washington Irving travelled from Madrid, where he had been staying, to Granada, Spain. At first sight, he described it as \\\"a most picturesque and beautiful city, situated in one of the loveliest landscapes that I have ever seen.\\\" Irving was preparing a\",\n \"title\": \"Tales of the Alhambra\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1495525\",\n \"text\": \"Australia, Canada and Japan and the top-ten of the other countries. The song was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) on January 10, 1985, for shipping a million copies across United States – the requirement for a gold single prior to 1989. The music video portrayed Madonna sailing down the riverways of Venice in a gondola, as well as roaming around a palace wearing a white wedding dress. With the video, scholars noted Madonna's portrayal of a sexually independent woman, the symbolism of the appearance of a man with lion's mask to that of Saint Mark,\",\n \"title\": \"Like a Virgin (album)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16571870\",\n \"text\": \"to any one actual settlement, much less one representing a city of the Pre-Columbian era. Spanish conquistador Hernán Cortés reported hearing \\\"trustworthy\\\" information on a region with \\\"towns and villages\\\" of extreme wealth in Honduras, but never located them. In 1927, aviator Charles Lindbergh reported seeing a \\\"white city\\\" while flying over eastern Honduras. The first known mention by an academic of the ruins under the name Ciudad Blanca (White City) was by Eduard Conzemius, an ethnographer from Luxembourg in 1927. In his report on the Pech people of Honduras to the Society of Americanists, he said the ruins had\",\n \"title\": \"La Ciudad Blanca\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"446637\",\n \"text\": \"locations in Venice, including the beach, pleasure piers, canals and colonnades, boardwalk, schools, and restaurants. Some locations include the following: Venice, Los Angeles Venice is a residential, commercial, and recreational beachfront neighborhood within Los Angeles, California. It is located within the urban region of western Los Angeles County known as the Westside. Venice was founded in 1905 as a seaside resort town. It was an independent city until 1926, when it merged with Los Angeles. Today, Venice is known for its canals, beaches, and the circus-like Ocean Front Walk, a pedestrian promenade that features performers, mystics, artists and vendors. In\",\n \"title\": \"Venice, Los Angeles\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1758198\",\n \"text\": \"Issues of \\\"National Geographic\\\" are often kept by subscribers for years and re-sold at thrift stores as collectibles. The standard for photography has remained high over the subsequent decades and the magazine is still illustrated with some of the highest-quality photojournalism in the world. In 2006, \\\"National Geographic\\\" began an international photography competition , called the with over eighteen countries participating. In conservative Muslim countries like Iran and Malaysia, photographs featuring topless or scantily clad members of primitive tribal societies are often blacked out; buyers and subscribers often complain that this practice decreases the artistic value of the photographs for\",\n \"title\": \"National Geographic\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7858862\",\n \"text\": \"were from outside the Pacific Northwest, a huge number of visitors for a city of approximately 120,000 residents. It did much to demonstrate the national status of the United States as having become not just an Atlantic but a Pacific nation and a gateway to Asia. Portland in the process became a city of world note in 1905. The Exposition that Henry W. Corbett had done much to bring to life opened two years after his death. \\\"The Oregonian\\\", June 3, 1905 wrote on the opening: This is a time when it should be said that the Lewis and Clark\",\n \"title\": \"Henry W. Corbett\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12789033\",\n \"text\": \"workshops and lectures throughout the world. He is also a frequent lecturer and conducts workshops around the world. Ira Block Ira Block (born 1949) is an American photographer. Since the mid-1970s, he has shot many stories for the \\\"National Geographic Magazine\\\", \\\"National Geographic Traveler\\\", and also National Geographic Adventure. He has photographed diverse locations in Africa, the Australian outback, the Gobi Desert, Siberia, and the North Pole where he spent three months with the late Japanese explorer Naomi Uemura. Block's archive includes rare archaeological relics from ancient sites in Eastern Europe and the Middle East, as well as some of\",\n \"title\": \"Ira Block\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7453126\",\n \"text\": \"peoples and places. He travelled extensively throughout the mainland territories of Malaya and the island of Sumatra, exploring the villages and photographing the native peoples and their activities. After visiting Ceylon and India from October to November 1864 to document the destruction caused by a recent cyclone, Thomson sold his Singapore studio and moved to Siam. After arrival in Bangkok in September 1865, Thomson undertook a series of photographs of the King of Siam and other senior members of the royal court and government. Inspired by Henri Mouhot's account of the rediscovery of the ancient cities of Angkor in the\",\n \"title\": \"John Thomson (photographer)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5465043\",\n \"text\": \"a place to centralize his power in the newly conquered region of Wollo, he stayed overnight in a pre-existing town that is now contained within Dessie. While there, he spotted a comet. He was so impressed by the sight of it that he interpreted it to be a sign from heaven to found his capital city there. Thus, he named it Dessie (Amharic \\\"My Joy\\\"), as a reference to the elation that the comet had made him feel. Dessie's location led to the telegraph line the Italians constructed between 1902 and 1904 from Asmara south to Addis Ababa passing through\",\n \"title\": \"Dessie\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20942030\",\n \"text\": \"(1826-1900) acquired a specimen that hunters in Sichuan captured alive, which was killed and shipped to Paris for study. He coined the giant panda's original binomial name \\\"Ursus melanoleucus\\\" (from Latin \\\"black and white bear\\\") and the corresponding French name \\\"ours blanc et noir\\\" (David 1869 5: 13). The first Westerner known to have seen a living giant panda is the German zoologist Hugo Weigold, who purchased a cub in 1916. Kermit and Theodore Roosevelt, Jr., became the first foreigners to shoot a panda, on a 1929 expedition funded by the Field Museum of Natural History. In 1936, Ruth Harkness\",\n \"title\": \"Mo (Chinese zoology)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2085222\",\n \"text\": \"12 May 1905, the exhibit was unveiled to great public and media interest. The real fossil had yet to be mounted, as the Carnegie Museum in Pittsburgh was still being constructed to house it. As word of Dippy spread, Mr Carnegie paid to have additional copies made for display in most major European capitals and in Latin and South America, making Dippy the most-viewed dinosaur skeleton in the world. The dinosaur quickly became an iconic representation of the museum, and has featured in many cartoons and other media, including the 1975 Disney comedy \\\"One of Our Dinosaurs Is Missing\\\". After\",\n \"title\": \"Natural History Museum, London\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12412031\",\n \"text\": \"the potato. The Industrial Revolution made Europe rich, but at great cost to its natural resources. The birth of tourism encouraged a new appreciation of nature, and modern Europeans have switched their attitude from consumption to custodianship. As a result, wildlife is returning. Europe is home to more than 700 million people, most of them city dwellers. Much of its wildlife has suffered as a result, but efforts are underway to protect and reintroduce some species. Others have exploited new opportunities offered by man-made environments. In Rome, the first metropolis on the continent, winter tourists watch swirling clouds of starlings\",\n \"title\": \"Europe: A Natural History\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18486575\",\n \"text\": \"back accounts of his travels and poems, his tour of the 'old world' included Paris, Monte Carlo, Nice, Budapest, Vienna, Munich, Nuremberg, Switzerland, Italy (Palermo, Rome, Milan, Turin, Naples, Capri), Spain (Barcelona, Zaragoza, Madrid, Toledo, Corboda, Seville (\\\"The Spanish Paris\\\"), Cadiz). He also travelled to Morocco (Tangier), Gibraltar, Algeciras, Granada, Tunisia and Algeria. He was back in London in the summer of 1905 where he regularly \\\"mined\\\" the British Museum. He joined the New Bohemian Club at The Prince's Head in the Strand, and drank what he thought was rather tepid English ale with literary figures such as Stephen Phillips,\",\n \"title\": \"Herman George Scheffauer\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"708716\",\n \"text\": \"together in a room at the Salon d'Automne in 1905. The paintings expressed emotion with wild, often dissonant colours, without regard for the subject's natural colours. Matisse showed \\\"Open Window\\\" and \\\"Woman with the Hat\\\" at the Salon. Critic Louis Vauxcelles commented on a lone sculpture surround by an \\\"orgie of pure tones\\\" as \\\"Donatello chez les fauves\\\" (Donatello among the wild beasts), referring to a Renaissance-type sculpture that shared the room with them. His comment was printed on 17 October 1905 in \\\"Gil Blas\\\", a daily newspaper, and passed into popular usage. The exhibition garnered harsh criticism—\\\"A pot of\",\n \"title\": \"Henri Matisse\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5865549\",\n \"text\": \"Lost City of Atlantis (\\\"Not much different from a trailer park, really\\\"), traveled out West (\\\"When they call a guy a cowpoke they really mean it\\\"), and survived an overturned cruise ship (\\\"Trust me, it's not the first time I've seen that many sailors with their legs in the air\\\"). Weekly World News Issue: June 6, 2005 Tagline: \\\"I not only cleaned up the West, I redecorated it\\\" and \\\"I was disappointed to learn that the correct bronco-busting phrase is 'ride 'em cowboy!' and not the suggestion 'ride them cowboys'\\\". Following his undercover work for the FBI, Andrews took on\",\n \"title\": \"Miss Adventure\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7879412\",\n \"text\": \"of monarchs who were obsessed with themselves. The half-century delayed Renaissance starts from the Italian peninsula, and there are many nobles who collect rare treasures and artifacts. Venice is a small city-state floating on the sea. It is called the \\\"City of Water\\\". Venice's maritime industry had long been prosperous, and Venice had long held a monopoly on the profits of the Mediterranean trade on pepper from Alexandria. However, recently the Ottoman Empire appeared in the East and Portugal discovered a sea route to the Indies. The story line is intertwined with the French story line, and they have many\",\n \"title\": \"Uncharted Waters Online\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12422556\",\n \"text\": \"Andre Laguerre asked fashion reporter Jule Campbell to help find a model for the issue. She found Berlin-born fashion model Babette March and featured her on the cover, wearing a white bikini, wading in the surf on Cozumel, Mexico. The issue was the first Swimsuit Issue. The \\\"Swimsuit Issue\\\" became an annual publication of the magazine, featuring fashion models wearing swimwear in exotic locales. Inclusion is considered a stick by which supermodels are measured. In addition, the issue is a media nexus that in 2005 carried $35 million in advertising. New issues come out around the middle of February or\",\n \"title\": \"Bikini in popular culture\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2928172\",\n \"text\": \"attracted a large number of tourists by the 1890s. New York's population grew from 300,000 in 1840 to 800,000 in 1850. Chicago experienced a dramatic increase from 4,000 residents in 1840 to 300,000 by 1870. Dictionaries first published the word 'tourist' sometime in 1800, when it referred to those going to Europe or making a round trip of natural wonders in New York and New England. The absence of urban tourism during the nineteenth century was in part because American cities lacked the architecture and art which attracted thousands to Europe. American cities tended to offend the sensitive with ugliness\",\n \"title\": \"Tourism in the United States\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"292454\",\n \"text\": \"Disney Company announced it will buy the majority of 21st Century Fox. Disney would assume the controlling interest in the National Geographic partnership. There were 33 original founders in 1888. Although Alexander Graham Bell is sometimes discussed as a founder, he was actually the second president, elected on January 7, 1898, and serving until 1903. \\\"The National Geographic Magazine\\\", later shortened to \\\"National Geographic\\\", published its first issue in October 1888, nine months after the Society was founded, as the Society's official journal, a benefit for joining the tax-exempt National Geographic Society. Starting with the February 1910 (Vol XXI, No.\",\n \"title\": \"National Geographic Society\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6891126\",\n \"text\": \"took a garden gnome, dubbed \\\"Gnome Severson\\\" in news, from a property in Redmond, Washington, U.S. and brought it on a roadtrip to California and Nevada. Gnome Severson became a national news story after the group ran into socialite Paris Hilton at a gas station, who posed for a picture with the gnome that was printed in \\\"People\\\" magazine. At the end of the week-long trip, the friends anonymously returned the gnome to its owner's front porch with a photo album titled \\\"Gnome’s Spring Break 2005\\\", which included the issue of \\\"People\\\" and other pictures of the gnome around Hollywood,\",\n \"title\": \"Travelling gnome\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"848655\",\n \"text\": \"were lost in a shipwreck near Australia. Upon encountering the Salish coastal tribes, either Pérouse or someone in his crew remarked, \\\"What must astonish most is to see painting everywhere, everywhere sculpture, among a nation of hunters\\\". Maritime fur trader Charles William Barkley also visited the area in \\\"Imperial Eagle\\\", a British ship falsely flying the flag of the Austrian Empire. American merchant sea-captain Robert Gray traded along the coast, and discovered the mouth of the Columbia River. Initial formal claims to the region were asserted by Spain in 1513 with explorer Nuñez de Balboa, the first European to sight\",\n \"title\": \"Pacific Northwest\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"341511\",\n \"text\": \"Russian bear is an animal symbol and a national personification of Russia, though this image has a Western origin and Russians themselves have accepted it only fairly recently. The native Russian national personification is Mother Russia. Tourism in Russia has seen rapid growth since the late Soviet period, first domestic tourism and then international tourism, fueled by the rich cultural heritage and great natural variety of the country. Major tourist routes in Russia include a journey around the Golden Ring of ancient cities, cruises on the big rivers like the Volga, and long journeys on the famous Trans-Siberian Railway. In\",\n \"title\": \"Russia\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2928171\",\n \"text\": \"been completed by 1840, by 1860 all major eastern US cities were linked by rail, and by 1869 the first trans-American railroad link was completed. Yosemite Park was developed as a tourist attraction in the late 1850s and early 1860s for an audience who wanted a national icon and place to symbolize exotic wonder of its region. Photography played an important role for the first time in the development of tourist attractions, making it possible to distribute hundreds of images showing various places of interest. New York City, Chicago, Boston, Philadelphia, Washington, D.C., and San Francisco, all major US cities,\",\n \"title\": \"Tourism in the United States\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15664685\",\n \"text\": \"clients ranging from high-end hotel groups such as W Hotels and Shangri-La, to National Parks, to airlines and marketing companies, his work has a presence in many countries around the world in both advertising and collectible fine art prints. His signature iconic landscapes and cityscapes have been published by National Geographic as well as the international press and used by tourism boards around the globe, while he continues to sell limited edition prints to collectors worldwide. In 2016, his latest venture – a collaboration with Minor Hotel Group – resulted in his opening of the \\\"world’s most exclusive photo gallery\\\",\",\n \"title\": \"Paul Reiffer\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"98339\",\n \"text\": \"expedition in 1900, including a Belgian national who caused the shooting of at least 122 Congolese natives. Estimates of the total death toll vary considerably. The first census was only done in 1924, so it is even more difficult to quantify the population loss of the period. Roger Casement's famous 1904 report estimated ten million people. According to Casement's report, indiscriminate \\\"war\\\", starvation, reduction of births and tropical diseases caused the country's depopulation. European and U.S. press agencies exposed the conditions in the Congo Free State to the public in 1900. By 1908 public and diplomatic pressure had led Leopold\",\n \"title\": \"History of the Democratic Republic of the Congo\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13965074\",\n \"text\": \"profits in its history. However, this partial recovery did not last long and soon profits were falling once more. Leopold was embarrassed by complaints made by the British government about human rights abuses in the Congo Free State and dispatched a Commission of Inquiry to investigate the entirety of the Congo. This commission visited the Abir concession from 1 December 1904 to 5 January 1905 and, despite Abir's attempts to keep witnesses away, heard evidence of violence committed by Abir. This included the desolation of villages, murder, rape, hostage taking and excessive flogging. Abir was the only commercial body mentioned\",\n \"title\": \"Abir Congo Company\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12812397\",\n \"text\": \"person was put ashore at Kamchatka and made his way across land back to Petersburg. What hasn't been said about him . . . .\\\" Tolstoy's voyage concluded with his arrival in Petersburg at the beginning of August 1805. Thanks to his adventures, which gave rise to much gossip in high society, the count acquired an almost legendary celebrity, as well as the lifelong nickname \\\"the American\\\", referring his stay in Russian America. Immediately upon Tolstoy's arrival in Petersburg, he was greeted with new problems: he was arrested at the city gates and sent to the guardhouse. Moreover, a special\",\n \"title\": \"Fyodor Ivanovich Tolstoy\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5363397\",\n \"text\": \"intersected there, the area of Las Vegas was quickly growing. On May 15, 1905, Las Vegas officially was founded as a city, when , in what would later become downtown, were auctioned to ready buyers. Las Vegas was the driving force in the creation of Clark County, Nevada in 1909 and the city was incorporated in 1911 as a part of the county. The first mayor of Las Vegas was Peter Buol who served from 1911-1913. Shortly after the city's incorporation, the State of Nevada reluctantly became the last western state to outlaw gaming. This occurred at midnight, October 1,\",\n \"title\": \"History of Las Vegas\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1758187\",\n \"text\": \"National Geographic National Geographic (formerly the National Geographic Magazine and branded also as NAT GEO) is the official magazine of the National Geographic Society. It has been published continuously since its first issue in 1888, nine months after the Society itself was founded. It primarily contains articles about science, geography, history, and world culture. The magazine is known for its thick square-bound glossy format with a yellow rectangular border and its extensive use of dramatic photographs. Controlling interest in the magazine has been held by 21st Century Fox since 2015. The magazine is published monthly, and additional map supplements are\",\n \"title\": \"National Geographic\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5376304\",\n \"text\": \"London, , 1995 Location: Orlando, , 1997 Location: , Dates: August 5–6 1999 Location: Toronto, , Dates: August 10–11 2001 Location: Vancouver, , Dates: August 1–2 2003 Location: Tampa, , Dates: July 15–16 2005 Location: Budapest, Dates: July 11–14 2007 Location: San Diego, , Dates: August 5–10 2009 Location: Mexico City, Dates: July 9–16 2011 Location: San Francisco, , Dates: July 23–28 2013 Location: St. Petersburg, Dates: July 28–31 2015 Cancelled (Original Location: Stockholm, ) Note: These are all from the official page of the National Geographic World Championship. National Geographic World Championship The National Geographic World Championship (previously called\",\n \"title\": \"National Geographic World Championship\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19735295\",\n \"text\": \"as they once were. Moving from the kombonis to the nicer areas of the towns (known as kuma yards) often entailed a change of lifestyle, such as avoiding cooking fish in the house because the fish makes the house smell like the komboni. The culture of kombonis is often seen as different or more traditional than life outside the kombonis, with more traditional gender roles. Lusaka has been considered a poorly planned city, which grew slowly and in ways its planners failed to anticipate. It was founded in 1905 as a railway station named for a local leader, and did\",\n \"title\": \"Komboni\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1587584\",\n \"text\": \"building of the railway in 1905, though, the falls were seldom visited by other Europeans. Some writers believe that the Portuguese priest Gonçalo da Silveira was the first European to catch sight of the falls back in the sixteenth century. European settlement of the Victoria Falls area started around 1900 in response to the desire of Cecil Rhodes' British South Africa Company for mineral rights and imperial rule north of the Zambezi, and the exploitation of other natural resources such as timber forests north-east of the falls, and ivory and animal skins. Before 1905, the river was crossed above the\",\n \"title\": \"Victoria Falls\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"684212\",\n \"text\": \"is a botanical garden and arboretum located near the Norfolk International Airport. It is open year-round. The Virginia Zoological Park, opened in 1900, is a zoo with hundreds of animals on display, including the critically endangered Siberian tiger and threatened white rhino. The city is also known for its \\\",\\\" a public art program launched in 2002 to place mermaid statues all over the city. Tourists can take a walking tour of downtown and locate 17 mermaids while others can be found further afield. Norfolk is an independent city with services that both counties and cities in Virginia provide, such\",\n \"title\": \"Norfolk, Virginia\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"134781\",\n \"text\": \"the second-largest part of the economy. The war brought the islands newfound fame, and tourists came both to see the islands' wildlife and go on war tours. Cruise ships often visit, frequently as a tie-in to Antarctica. Nonetheless, the remoteness of the archipelago, and the lack of direct flights to major cities, have made the islands an expensive holiday destination, and as a result mass tourism has not really begun. In line with the increasing global interest in environmental issues, some nature reserves have been set up around the islands, although there are no national parks. In the 1990s, two\",\n \"title\": \"History of the Falkland Islands\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4334073\",\n \"text\": \"exonyms \\\"Dunaj\\\" (Vienna) and \\\"Benetke\\\" (Venice), and the borrowed exonyms \\\"Kijev\\\" (Kiev) and \\\"Vilna\\\" (Vilnius), from Russian. A substantial proportion of English exonyms for places in continental Europe are borrowed (or adapted) from French; for example: Navarre (\\\"Navarra/Nafarroa\\\"), Belgrade (\\\"Beograd\\\"), Cologne (\\\"Köln\\\"), Munich (\\\"München\\\"), Prague (\\\"Praha\\\"), Rome (\\\"Roma\\\"), Naples (\\\"Napoli\\\"), and Florence (\\\"Firenze\\\"). According to James A. Matisoff, who introduced the term \\\"autonym\\\" into linguistics, \\\"Human nature being what it is, exonyms are liable to be pejorative rather than complimentary, especially where there is a real or fancied difference in cultural level between the ingroup and the outgroup.\\\" For example,\",\n \"title\": \"Exonym and endonym\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"920055\",\n \"text\": \"derive from the northwest, as winds are driven downward along the axis of the California Central Valley; in December, January and February there is an increased presence of southeastern wind directions in the wind rose statistics. Fresno meteorology was selected in a national U.S. Environmental Protection Agency study for analysis of equilibrium temperature for use of ten-year meteorological data to represent a warm, dry western United States locale. The official record high temperature for Fresno is , set on July 8, 1905, while the official record low is , set on January 6, 1913. The average windows for temperatures to\",\n \"title\": \"Fresno, California\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"274693\",\n \"text\": \"oysters, and sailcloth. For the year of 1911–12, Manama was visited by 52 steamships, the majority being British and the rest Turkish-Arabian. The role of Manama as a regional port city in the Persian Gulf made it a hub for migrant workers in search of a better living. As a result, Manama has often been described, both in the pre-oil and post-oil era, as a cosmopolitan city. In 1904, it was estimated that Manama's population numbered 25,000, out of which half were believed to have been foreigners from Basra, Najd, Al Hasa and Iran, as well as from India and\",\n \"title\": \"Manama\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1794324\",\n \"text\": \"the Irish Canals and Rivers on a trip from Dublin to Limerick (Dara's Greyhound Snip Nua also tagged along for the trip), went to Scotland, and sailed along the Balkan coast ending up in Venice for a gondola race. His documentary series \\\"Mountain\\\", for which he climbed 15 British peaks during 2006, was broadcast on BBC One 29 July–26 August 2007. Rhys Jones fronted \\\"Greatest Cities of the World\\\", which saw him visiting a different city each week. The first series, featuring London, New York and Paris, aired on primetime ITV in October 2008. A second series featuring Rome, Sydney\",\n \"title\": \"Griff Rhys Jones\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9286058\",\n \"text\": \"who participated in the 1925 serum run to Nome. Barks had read an article about Balto in an issue of \\\"National Geographic\\\", and was inspired to create this character. The story starts with a photographer from \\\"Jolt\\\" magazine, wanting to do a picture story on Scrooge. Donald is partly to blame after he tries to convince Scrooge that if he does it, he will be paid fifty thousand dollars. Scrooge refuses, saying that if more people knew that he was the Richest Duck in the World, \\\"every chisler from Cape Town to Nome would be waylaying me!\\\" It is not\",\n \"title\": \"North of the Yukon\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1359762\",\n \"text\": \"He was highly critical of European imperialists, notably Cecil Rhodes, who greatly expanded the British Empire, and Leopold II, King of the Belgians. \\\"King Leopold's Soliloquy\\\" is a stinging political satire about his private colony, the Congo Free State. Reports of outrageous exploitation and grotesque abuses led to widespread international protest in the early 1900s, arguably the first large-scale human rights movement. In the soliloquy, the King argues that bringing Christianity to the country outweighs a little starvation. Leopold's rubber gatherers were tortured, maimed and slaughtered until the movement forced Brussels to call a halt. During the Philippine–American War, Twain\",\n \"title\": \"Mark Twain\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17025236\",\n \"text\": \"and the \\\"Tribune\\\", as well as the Fair's publicity department. In addition to photographing the various exhibits at the Fair, Beals also captured a candid photograph of President Theodore Roosevelt. This initial encounter earned her a special pass to photograph Roosevelt and the Rough Riders at their reunion in San Antonio, Texas in 1905. In 1905 Beals opened her own studio on Sixth Avenue in New York City. Beals continued to take on a variety of photograph assignments, ranging from shots of auto races and portraits of society figures, to her well-known photographs of Bohemian Greenwich Village and the New\",\n \"title\": \"Jessie Tarbox Beals\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16571889\",\n \"text\": \"in Costa Rica. While some believe earliest mention of the \\\"White City\\\" appears to have been made by pilot Charles Lindbergh, who is said to have reported ruins he saw while flying over Honduras in 1927. However, author Jason Colavito notes, \\\"So far as I know, Lindbergh’s 1927 claim is where many believe the name Ciudad Blanca comes from, but even this isn’t certain since this legend saw print only in the 1950s, some three decades after the fact.\\\" Lindbergh is said to have described it as \\\"an amazing ancient metropolis.\\\" However, according to Colavito, \\\"The oft-quoted phrase 'an amazing\",\n \"title\": \"La Ciudad Blanca\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20476183\",\n \"text\": \"was wholeheartedly embraced and became championed as the \\\"American Adam of landscape painting.” Cole is considered to be one of the pioneers of American environmentalism, for his concern for the impending destruction by “Copper-hearted barbarians … pushing a railroad up through his valley to exploit its natural resources – through mining, quarrying, and logging” and in his effort to inform the public, Thomas Cole’s labors are among those that motivated the creation of the National Park Service. Catskill Park was established in 1904 to protect thousands of acres, incredible vistas, and mountain ranges including thirty-three Catskill’s high peaks, a natural\",\n \"title\": \"Lake with Dead Trees\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"409713\",\n \"text\": \"and reprinted as \\\"Song\\\" in \\\"The Harvard Advocate\\\", Harvard University's student magazine. He also published three short stories in 1905, \\\"Birds of Prey\\\", \\\"A Tale of a Whale\\\" and \\\"The Man Who Was King\\\". The last mentioned story significantly reflects his exploration of Igorot Village while visiting the 1904 World's Fair of St. Louis. Such a link with primitive people importantly antedates his anthropological studies at Harvard. Eliot lived in St. Louis, Missouri for the first sixteen years of his life at the house on Locust St. where he was born. After going away to school in 1905, he only\",\n \"title\": \"T. S. Eliot\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20078007\",\n \"text\": \"shoot its 2016 global campaign. In 2016, his photograph \\\"Sinking Venice\\\" was chosen as part of the CIWEM - Environmental Photographer of the Year exhibition held at the Royal Geographical Society in London, the third time his work was so honored. In the same year Busiello started freelancing for the renown Italian magazine DOVE, where his first assignments focus on Naples, his hometown. Busiello's storytelling through photography has caught the interest of museums, including the Smithsonian Museum of Natural History in Washington, DC and London's Natural History Museum which have featured his work. Additionally, his images have appeared in a\",\n \"title\": \"Antonio Busiello\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3867852\",\n \"text\": \"his work featured in Wildlife Conservation, Audubon, \\\"Geo\\\", \\\"National Geographic\\\", \\\"\\\", \\\"Stern\\\", \\\"Der Spiegel\\\" and the \\\"New York Times\\\" among others. In 1997 National Geographic Magazine published Mattias Klum's photographs for the first time, which made him the first Swede to have his work on the cover, then he was one of National Geographic's youngest contributors. Since 1997, he has produced a number of articles and twelve cover stories for the magazine, including \\\"Malaysia's Secret Realm\\\" (August 1997), \\\"Asia's Last Lions\\\" (June 2001), \\\"Meerkats Stand Tall\\\" (September 2002), \\\"What Darwin Didn't Know\\\" (February 2009) and \\\"The Bite That Heals\\\" (February\",\n \"title\": \"Mattias Klum\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10447018\",\n \"text\": \"the first four words (\\\"a rare bird in the land\\\") are often used ironically. For some 1500 years, the black swan existed in the European imagination as a metaphor for that which could not exist. The Dutch explorer Willem de Vlamingh made the first European record of sighting a black swan in 1697, when he sailed into, and named, the Swan River on the western coast of New Holland. The sighting was significant in Europe, where \\\"all swans are white\\\" had long been used as a standard example of a well-known truth. In 1726, two birds were captured near Dirk\",\n \"title\": \"Black swan emblems and popular culture\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11018833\",\n \"text\": \"Tales of the Alhambra Tales of the Alhambra is a collection of essays, verbal sketches, and stories by Washington Irving. Shortly after completing a biography of Christopher Columbus in 1828, Washington Irving travelled from Madrid, where he had been staying, to Granada, Spain. At first sight, he described it as \\\"a most picturesque and beautiful city, situated in one of the loveliest landscapes that I have ever seen.\\\" Irving was preparing a book called \\\"A Chronicle of the Conquest of Granada\\\", a history of the years 1478–1492, and was continuing his research on the topic. He immediately asked the then-governor\",\n \"title\": \"Tales of the Alhambra\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14915063\",\n \"text\": \"present-day Bay of Rincón. On his first voyage, Christopher Columbus had mostly amicable encounters with the Taínos, one of the indigenous people of the Caribbean islands. He sailed along the islands' coast, entering into capes and harbors to look at the scenery, hoping to find cities and large groups of population to trade with. Ultimately, what he expected was to reach the outer limits of the Chinese empire. Because he never found what he was looking for, he rarely went onto the land, but rather stayed on board his ship \\\"Santa María\\\". He saw several fires and canoes that showed\",\n \"title\": \"Bay of Arrows\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12348437\",\n \"text\": \"Arnold Wilson, Britain's representative in the Persian Gulf and author of \\\"The Persian Gulf\\\", arrived in Bahrain from Muscat at this time. The uprising developed further with some protesters killed by British forces. Before the development of petroleum, the island was largely devoted to pearl fisheries and, as late as the 19th century, was considered to be the finest in the world. In 1903, German explorer, Hermann Burchardt, visited Bahrain and took many photographs of historical sites, including the old \\\"Qaṣr es-Sheikh\\\", photos now stored at the Ethnological Museum of Berlin. Prior to the First World War, there were about\",\n \"title\": \"Bahrain\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20756039\",\n \"text\": \"William Chadeayne William Chadeayne was an early long-distance motorcyclist from Buffalo, New York. He set a transcontinental record for North America in 1905, going from New York City to San Francisco in 47 and a half days. He was an officer of the Thomas Auto-Bi company and rode one of their motorcycles on the transcontinental record-setting trip. The 1905 transcontinental journey took place between September 13 and October 30, 1905. He described the roads even east of the Mississippi as \\\"unspeakably vile ... seas of mud or oceans of sand\\\", taking exactly two weeks to arrive in Chicago. There were\",\n \"title\": \"William Chadeayne\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18674842\",\n \"text\": \"Wodehouse. \\\"The Romance of Terence O’Rourke, Gentleman Adventurer\\\" by Louis Joseph Vance, a pulp novel from 1907 probably based on magazine stories published in 1904, is a romanticized version of the \\\"Empire of the Sahara\\\", with Terence O'Rourke being an American adventurer who is recruited to help a cowardly French millionaire become the \\\"Emperor of the Sahara\\\". Another work on Lebaudy was English artist John Copley's 1909 collection of lithographs \\\"The Fall and Rise of His Imperial Majesty Jacques Démodé\\\". The adventures of Lebaudy even inspired a French game-maker to produce a wire puzzle in his honor. Jacques Lebaudy Jacques\",\n \"title\": \"Jacques Lebaudy\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3743266\",\n \"text\": \"of the region's subtropical climate and decided to build a high-class resort there. Having raised a large sum of money from the government, he built himself a palace there and constructed a number of other buildings in an eclectic variety of styles from around Europe. A park was laid out with tropical trees and even parrots and monkeys imported to give it an exotic feel. Despite the expensive work, the resort was not initially a success, although it did later attract a growing number of foreign tourists visiting on cruises of the Black Sea. In the Russian Revolution of 1905,\",\n \"title\": \"Gagra\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10660235\",\n \"text\": \"the fuel trade beyond the 20th century. Workaday purposes were not the only ones pursued on the waters. Mark Twain's \\\"Innocents Abroad\\\" recounts one of the first cruise ship voyages out of Brooklyn in the 1860s for rich people, while the 1904 General Slocum disaster points out the late 19th- and early 20th-century habit of organizing day excursions for humbler folk. Some trips went to amusement parks or other attractions, and some merely to a dock with a footpath to a meadow for dancing, picnicking and other pleasures made more pleasurable by absence from the hectic, noisy city. Day-trippers visited\",\n \"title\": \"History of transportation in New York City\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2141360\",\n \"text\": \"In his 1903 general history of Taiwan, US Consul to Formosa (1898–1904) James W. Davidson related that \\\"Kelung\\\" was among the few well-known names, thus warranting no alternate Japanese romanization. However, the Taiwanese people have long called the city \\\"Kelang\\\" (). It has been proposed that this name was derived from the local mountain that took the shape of a rooster cage. However, it is more probable that the name was derived from the first inhabitants of the region, as are the names of many other Taiwanese cities. In this case, the Ketagalan people were the first inhabitants, and early\",\n \"title\": \"Keelung\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20404032\",\n \"text\": \"Out of Paradise \\\"Out of Paradise\\\" is a short story by E. W. Hornung, and features the gentleman thief A. J. Raffles, and his companion and biographer, Bunny Manders. The story was first published in December 1904 by \\\"Collier's Weekly\\\" in New York, and in January 1905 by \\\"Pall Mall Magazine\\\" in London. The story was also included as the first story in the collection \\\"A Thief in the Night\\\", published by Chatto & Windus in London, and Charles Scribner's Sons in New York, both in 1905. Bunny was once engaged to a niece to a rich politician, Hector Carruthers,\",\n \"title\": \"Out of Paradise\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7418783\",\n \"text\": \"4, 1905. Venice came to be known as the \\\"Coney Island of the Pacific.\\\" By mid-January 1906, an area was built along the edge of the Grand Lagoon patterned after the amusement thoroughfares of the great 19th and 20th century expositions. It featured foreign exhibits, amusements, and freak shows. Trolley service was available from Downtown Los Angeles and nearby Santa Monica. Visitors were dazzled by the system of canals complete with gondolas and gondoliers brought in from Venice, Italy. There were ornate Venetian-style businesses and a full-sized amusement pier. Around the entire park, a miniature steam railroad ran on a\",\n \"title\": \"Abbot Kinney\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2015075\",\n \"text\": \"a small pocket of air, which at certain angles produced a rainbow, or Newton's rings. Shortly after its discovery, Cullinan went on public display at the Standard Bank in Johannesburg, where it was seen by an estimated 8,000–9,000 visitors. In April 1905, the rough gem was deposited with Premier Mining Co.'s London sales agent, S. Neumann & Co. Due to its immense value, detectives were assigned to a steamboat that was rumoured to be carrying the stone, and a parcel was ceremoniously locked in the captain's safe and guarded on the entire journey. It was a diversionary tactic – the\",\n \"title\": \"Cullinan Diamond\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10755008\",\n \"text\": \"coureurs des bois in Canada, the Cossacks and the promyshlenniki in Siberia and in Alaska, the bands of pioneers in the central and western United States, and the voortrekkers in Southern Africa. Foundational stories are accounts of the development of cities and nations. A foundational story represents the view that the creation of the city is a human achievement. Human control and the removal of \\\"wild, uncontrolled\\\" nature is underlined. There are two versions of foundational stories: \\\"civilization story\\\" and \\\"degradation story\\\". \\\"Civilization stories\\\" take a view of nature as dangerous and wild. The development of the city is seen\",\n \"title\": \"Origin myth\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7939464\",\n \"text\": \"The lower section of the river was the site of some of the worst flooding of the Great Flood of 1993. Near the central, western boundary of the city is Forest Park, site of the 1904 World's fair, the Louisiana Purchase Exposition of 1904, and the 1904 Summer Olympics, the first Olympic Games held in North America. At the time, St. Louis was the fourth most populous city in the United States. The Missouri River forms the northern border of St. Louis County, exclusive of a few areas where the river has changed its course. The Meramec River forms most\",\n \"title\": \"Geography of St. Louis\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18638198\",\n \"text\": \"the trans-ecology of water. Set in the year 2054, it takes the form of a natural history display. A diorama features plastic eating creatures, their physiologies built on vacuum cleaners & the parts thereof the artist found discarded on Sydney's streets. The creatures have been genetically engineered using the CRISPR method to clean up the plastics polluting oceans and rivers. The diorama is contextualised by photographs of pristine nature as it would have been in 1905, the year bakelite was invented, plus case studies of rivers in Athens, Kassel and Sydney, 2017, showing plastic pollution off city streets floating towards\",\n \"title\": \"Bonita Ely\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9164055\",\n \"text\": \"Verde Islands. It is here that Darwin's description in his published \\\"Journal\\\" begins. His initial impression was of a desolate and sterile volcanic island, but after visiting the town he came to a deep valley where he \\\"first saw the glory of tropical vegetation\\\" and had \\\"a glorious day\\\", finding overwhelming novelty in the sights and sounds. FitzRoy set up tents and an observatory on Quail Island to determine the exact position of the islands, while Darwin collected numerous sea animals, delighting in vivid tropical corals in tidal pools, and investigating the geology of Quail Island. Though Daubeny's book in\",\n \"title\": \"Second voyage of HMS Beagle\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18429870\",\n \"text\": \"History of Santa Catalina Island (California) The history of human activity on Santa Catalina Island, California begins with the Native Americans who called the island \\\"Pimugna\\\" or \\\"Pimu\\\" and referred to themselves as \\\"Pimugnans\\\" or \\\"Pimuvit\\\". The first Europeans to arrive on Catalina claimed it for the Spanish Empire. Over the years, territorial claims to the island transferred to Mexico and then to the United States. During this time, the island was sporadically used for smuggling, otter hunting, and gold-digging. Catalina was successfully developed into a tourist destination by chewing gum magnate William Wrigley, Jr. beginning in the 1920s, with\",\n \"title\": \"History of Santa Catalina Island (California)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2049627\",\n \"text\": \"been built by Native Americans somewhere in the desert Southwest. As early as 1611, Sebastián Vizcaíno surveyed the east coast of Japan and searched for two mythical islands called Rico de Oro (Rich in Gold) and Rico de Plata (Rich in Silver). Books such as The Travels of Marco Polo fuelled rumours of mythical places. Stories included the half-fabulous Christian Empire of \\\"Prester John\\\", the kingdom of the White Queen on the \\\"Western Nile\\\" (Sénégal River), the Fountain of Youth, cities of Gold in North and South America such as Quivira, Zuni-Cibola Complex, and El Dorado, and wonderful kingdoms of\",\n \"title\": \"Conquistador\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17014320\",\n \"text\": \"Polo\\\" is one of the Ensemble's biggest successes, having spent a few weeks at the top of the classical music charts in Germany, in the 1993. The 13th century was the time of great political and economic expansion in the Republic of Venice. Marco Polo was a famous Venetian merchant traveler whose travels are recorded in \\\"Il Milione\\\", a book which did much to introduce Europeans to Central Asia and China. He learned about trading whilst his father and uncle, Niccolò and Maffeo, travelled through Asia and apparently met Kublai Khan. In 1269, they returned to Venice to meet Marco\",\n \"title\": \"Marco Polo – The Journey\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2952414\",\n \"text\": \"The city's name is said to derive from the name of Kyi, one of its four legendary founders (see Name, below). During its history, Kiev, one of the oldest cities in Eastern Europe, passed through several stages of great prominence and relative obscurity. The city probably existed as a commercial centre as early as the 5th century. A Slavic settlement on the great trade route between Scandinavia and Constantinople, Kiev was a tributary of the Khazars, until seized by the Varangians (Vikings) in the mid-9th century. Under Varangian rule, the city became a capital of the Kievan Rus', the first\",\n \"title\": \"Kiev\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"230317\",\n \"text\": \"streames, and all sorts of beasts of chase and game, and in the middest thereof a sumptuous house of pleasure, which may be moved from place to place. This quotation was based upon the writings of the Venetian explorer Marco Polo who is widely believed to have visited Xanadu in about 1275. In about 1298–1299, he dictated a description of Xanadu which includes these lines: Marco Polo also mentioned a large portable palace made of gilded and lacquered cane or bamboo which could be taken apart quickly and moved from place to place. He described it this way: Moreover at\",\n \"title\": \"Kubla Khan\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11409592\",\n \"text\": \"It describes a fashionable and star-encrusted area in the south of France starting from the peninsula Cap Martin and including the Monte Carlo beach and the Riviera. Names of famous people, places and events, as well as geographical features, are capitalised for emphasis. The amenities provided by hotels, night clubs, casinos, museums and beaches, as well as a fish farm out at sea (producing the luxury fish, sea bass), are all named and occasionally described for the wealthy visitor.\\\" Between 1990 and 1994, Bond collaborated with artist Liam Gillick on their Documents Series a group of eighty-three fine art works\",\n \"title\": \"Henry Bond\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11916868\",\n \"text\": \"of which it is one of the world's largest exporters. The national bird of Grenada is the critically endangered Grenada dove. Before the arrival of Europeans in the Americas, Grenada was inhabited by the indigenous Arawaks and later by the Island Caribs. Christopher Columbus sighted Grenada in 1498 during his third voyage to the Americas. Although it was deemed the property of the King of Spain, there are no records to suggest the Spanish ever landed or settled on the island. Following several unsuccessful attempts by Europeans to colonise the island due to resistance from the Island Caribs, French settlement\",\n \"title\": \"Grenada\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"351072\",\n \"text\": \"of its five star hotels were the second most expensive in the world after only New York City. Rio de Janeiro is Brazil's primary tourist attraction and resort. It receives the most visitors per year of any city in South America with 2.82 million international tourists a year. The city world-class hotels, approximately 80 kilometres of beaches and the famous Corcovado and Sugarloaf mountains. While the city had in past had a thriving tourism sector, the industry entered a decline in the last quarter of the 20th century. Annual international airport arrivals dropped from 621,000 to 378,000 and average hotel\",\n \"title\": \"Rio de Janeiro\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7433786\",\n \"text\": \"in the musical, \\\"The Little Michus\\\" at Daly's Theatre, London, in 1905. A contemporary magazine described it thus: \\\"According to Mr. Graves, the Gazeka was first discovered by an explorer who was accompanied in his travels by a case of whiskey, and who half thought that he had seen it before in a sort of dream.\\\" Graves's idea became a fad of the season and George Edwardes mounted a competition to encourage artists to give sketches of what the beast might look like. Charles Folkard won the competition, and the Gazeka suddenly appeared in the form of various items of\",\n \"title\": \"Gazeka\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17369558\",\n \"text\": \"Michael Melford (photographer) Michael Melford (born February 18, 1950, Hastings-on-Hudson, NY) is an American photographer, artist and teacher known for his \\\"National Geographic\\\" magazine assignments. Michael Melford was born and raised in Hastings-on-Hudson, NY. He has a BS in photography from Syracuse University. Melford is known for his raw, natural landscapes and his ability to capture vibrant motion in nature. He has produced over 30 stories for National Geographic Traveler magazine, including eight covers. He has extensively photographed the marvels of America's National Parks and Alaska. His inspirations are Ansel Adams and Ernst Haas. Melford's photographs have appeared in The\",\n \"title\": \"Michael Melford (photographer)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"175578\",\n \"text\": \"founded in 1907 by Carl Hagenbeck as the first zoo with moated, barless enclosures. In 2016, the average visitor spent two nights in Hamburg. The majority of visitors come from Germany. Most foreigners are European, especially from Denmark (395,681 overnight stays), the United Kingdom (301,000 overnight stays), Switzerland (340,156 overnight stays), Austria (about 252,397 overnight stays) and the Netherlands (about 182,610 overnight stays). The largest group from outside Europe comes from the United States (206,614 overnight stays). The \\\"Queen Mary 2\\\" has docked regularly since 2004, and there were six departures planned from 2010 onwards. Media businesses employ over 70,000\",\n \"title\": \"Hamburg\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16009240\",\n \"text\": \"his work Moses Bowness Moses Bowness (1833–1894) was a Victorian photographer, farmer, entrepreneur and poet. Born into a copper-miner's family, he built in Ambleside in the Lake District, England, the largest photographic business in Westmorland at that time. He photographed many notable people and visitors, as well as local views and residents. In May 1857 he photographed the visiting party of the young Prince of Wales, later King Edward VII. The Prince recorded this event in his diary. From then on the reverse of his carte-de-visite say \\\"Photographer to HRH the Prince of Wales\\\". He trained a number of local\",\n \"title\": \"Moses Bowness\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2108564\",\n \"text\": \"Portage Bay), as late as 1900 on land given him by pioneer David Denny (or property he purchased— \\\"see Cheshiahud\\\"). Photographer Orion O. Denny recorded Old Tom and Madeline, c. 1904, further noted in the archives of the University of Washington Library as Madeline and Old John, also known as Indian John or Cheshishon, who had a house on Portage Bay in the 1900s, south of what is now the UW campus. Chudups John and his family, like Princess Angeline, seem to have been excepted from the law by which Native people had been prohibited from residence in Seattle since\",\n \"title\": \"Duwamish people\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8173200\",\n \"text\": \"sides contribute to its unique and year-round warm climate, with some of the warmest winters west of the Rocky Mountains. Its average annual high temperature is and its average annual low is . Summer highs above are common and sometimes exceed , while summer night lows often stay above . Winters are warm with daytime highs often between . The average annual precipitation is under , with over 348 days of sunshine per year. The hottest temperature ever recorded in the area was on July 6, 1905. The mean annual temperature is . The 2010 United States Census reported that\",\n \"title\": \"Thermal, California\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10583620\",\n \"text\": \"also a scale model of the Quarry Hill flats. The exhibits are organised among several galleries. See a slideshow here. This is the natural history gallery. This exhibit - so beloved of the Leeds populace that when the curators wanted to throw it away, the Yorkshire Post newspaper held a campaign to retain it - has a strange history. It was a tigerskin rug when presented to the Museum in the 19th century. Museum records give the impression that the tiger had been shot for spending too much time near a village in India. The pelt was then combined with\",\n \"title\": \"Leeds City Museum\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17919408\",\n \"text\": \"killed. Afterwards, Brown has a change of heart after seeing the Kid's true character and courage. The sheriff agrees to keep the Kid's identity secret so Enrique can continue his life with his new family. \\\"The Texan\\\" is based on the short story \\\"The Double-Dyed Deceiver\\\" by O. Henry, which was first published in \\\"Everybody's Magazine\\\" in December 1905. The story was previously filmed as \\\"A Double-Dyed Deceiver\\\" (1920) with Jack Pickford in the lead role. In his review for \\\"The New York Times\\\", Mordaunt Hall called the film \\\"an expertly touched-up audible pictorial adaptation of O. Henry's story\\\". Hall\",\n \"title\": \"The Texan (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"292446\",\n \"text\": \"cities for 18 months; and an exhibition of China's Terracotta Warriors in its Washington headquarters in 2009–10. Its Education Foundation gives grants to education organizations and individuals to improve geography education. Its Committee for Research and Exploration has awarded more than 11,000 grants for scientific research and exploration. National Geographic has retail stores in Washington, D.C., London, Sydney, and Panama. The locations outside of the United States are operated by Worldwide Retail Store S.L., a Spanish holding company. The Society's media arm is National Geographic Partners, a joint venture between 21st Century Fox and the Society, which publishes a journal,\",\n \"title\": \"National Geographic Society\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"50382\",\n \"text\": \"1982, and were featured as toys, on clothing and in film. Around the world, many children—and some adults—have teddy bears, stuffed toys in the form of bears, named after the American statesman Theodore Roosevelt when in 1902 he had refused to shoot an American black bear tied to a tree. Bears, like other animals, may symbolize nations. In 1911, the British satirical magazine \\\"Punch\\\" published a cartoon about the Anglo-Russian Entente by Leonard Raven-Hill in which the British lion watches as the Russian bear sits on the tail of the Persian cat. The Russian Bear has been a common national\",\n \"title\": \"Bear\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5432571\",\n \"text\": \"been photographed. The image itself was named as \\\"the most recognized photograph\\\" in the history of the \\\"National Geographic\\\" magazine, and her face became famous as the cover photograph on the June 1985 issue. The photo has also been widely used on Amnesty International brochures, posters, and calendars. The identity of the \\\"Afghan Girl\\\" remained unknown for over 17 years until McCurry and a \\\"National Geographic\\\" team located the woman, Sharbat Gula, in 2002. McCurry said, “Her skin is weathered; there are wrinkles now, but she is as striking as she was all those years ago.” In 2016 McCurry was\",\n \"title\": \"Steve McCurry\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11744967\",\n \"text\": \"Hotel Boulderado houses three restaurants. Located off of the main lobby are Spruce Farm and Fish, a fine-dining restaurant, and the Corner Bar, a more casual eatery. The basement contains a speakeasy-style bar, License No. 1, which recently replaced Catacombs. All three restaurants share a kitchen. The Hotel Boulderado appears in Stephen King's novel \\\"Misery\\\". In 1905, Boulder was home to 8,000 residents, the University of Colorado, one of the Chautauqua cultural and educational resorts, and twenty-six automobiles. Residents called the city the \\\"Athens of the West.\\\" As a new-forged railroad hub, the city did have some hotels to accommodate\",\n \"title\": \"Hotel Boulderado\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7094329\",\n \"text\": \"round the Mediterranean and traveled to Paris, Rome and Venice in the fall while working on frontispieces for an American edition of Henry James' novels. While in Paris he saw Steichen's Autochrome color photographs and learned the process from him. By 1907 Coburn was so well established in his career that Shaw called him \\\"the greatest photographer in the world,\\\" although he was only 24 years old at the time. He continued his success by having a one-man show at Stieglitz's prestigious \\\"Little Galleries of the Photo-Secession\\\" in New York and by organizing an international exhibition of photography at the\",\n \"title\": \"Alvin Langdon Coburn\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18404002\",\n \"text\": \"sibling, Ernest W. Kurrle. Prior to his entry into the film industry, Kurrle was already an innovative filmmaker. In 1909, flying in a Curtiss open cockpit bi-plane, he photographed the Panama Canal from the air. In 1913, Kurrle would become the first photographer to take an aerial photograph of the city of Oakland, California. Describing the experience, Kurrle said \\\"... we went along just as smoothly as if we were riding on velvet\\\". Kurrle's first foray into the film industry was on the 1916 film, \\\"Her Great Price\\\", directed by Edwin Carewe. He later collaborated with Carewe on a number\",\n \"title\": \"Robert Kurrle\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12668159\",\n \"text\": \"Panda Bear, Panda Bear, What Do You See? Panda Bear, Panda Bear, What Do You See? is a children's picture book by Bill Martin, Jr. and illustrated by Eric Carle. It is the third companion book to \\\"Brown Bear, Brown Bear, What Do You See?\\\". Various endangered animals answer the question \\\"What do you see?\\\" and the answers are what animal they see. The text is in rhyme. The list of animals includes a panda bear, a bald eagle, a water buffalo, a spider monkey, a green sea turtle, a macaroni penguin, a sea lion, a red wolf, a whooping\",\n \"title\": \"Panda Bear, Panda Bear, What Do You See?\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"241044\",\n \"text\": \"few or no clues to their decline. For example, Malden Island, in the central Pacific, was deserted when first visited by Europeans in 1825, but the unsuspected presence of ruined temples and the remains of other structures found on the island indicate that a population of Polynesians had lived there for perhaps several generations some centuries earlier. Prolonged drought seems the most likely explanation for their demise and the remote nature of the island meant few visitors. With the development of archaeology and the application of modern techniques, many previously lost cities have been rediscovered. Machu Picchu is a pre-Columbian\",\n \"title\": \"Lost city\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"903220\",\n \"text\": \"(as a jazz fan, he used to scour record catalogues and was intrigued by titles such as \\\"I want to be alone in the South\\\"), the name of an American city such as Durango or Daytona, a title card from a silent film, or an image from a talking picture such as White Shadows in the South Seas which he had seen in Paris. The metrical schemes and rhyme patterns of the first two collections are largely abandoned; only a few of the poems in this book are written in alexandrine quatrains. Such metrical regularity is not a feature of\",\n \"title\": \"Luis Cernuda\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"compressed_ctxs_1":{"kind":"string","value":"{\n \"compressed_prompt\": \"Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\\n\\ntitle: National Geographic context: 4 million people each month. Starting with its January 1905 publication of several full-page pictures of Tibet in 1900–1901, the magazine changed from being a text-oriented publication closer to a scientific journal to featuring extensive pictorial content, and became well known for this style. The June 1985 cover portrait of the presumed to be 12-year-old Afghan girl Sharbat Gula, shot by photographer Steve McCurry, became one of the magazine's most recognizable images. \\\"National Geographic Kids\\\", the children's version of the magazine, was launched in 1975 under the name \\\"National Geographic World\\\". From the 1970s through about 2010 the magazine was\\n\\nWhat exotic city was featured in National Geographic magazine's first photo story in 1905?\",\n \"compressed_tokens\": 202,\n \"origin_tokens\": 202,\n \"ratio\": \"1.0x\",\n \"saving\": \", Saving $0.0 in GPT-4.\"\n}"},"compressed_ctxs_100":{"kind":"string","value":"{\n \"compressed_prompt\": \"Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\\n\\ntitle: Gombojab Tsybikov context: spent 888 days from 1900 to 190. There, he secretly made around 200 pictures. These, together with pictures made independently on the same pilgrimage by another, less documented Russian explorer, Kalmyk (Tsybikov arriving in Lhasa in August, 1900, and Norzunov in the end of the year), were later to become the so-called Hallmark for National Geographic. The history of the magazine as it is known today, delivering pictures first, started with January 1905 edition of several full-page reprints of Tsybikov and Norzunov's pictures. Originally done because of the lack of texts, this publication gained the magazine wide success and popularity.\\n\\ntitle: Lost city context: few or no clues to their decline. For exampleden Island, in the central Pacific, deserted when first visited Europeans in 185, but the unsuspected presence ru temples and the remains of other found on the island indicate that a of Polynesians had lived there for perhaps several gener some centuries earlier Prolonged drought the most explanation their demise and the remote nature meant few visitors. With the development of archaeology and the application of modern techniques, many lost cities have been rediscovered. Machu Picchu is a pre-Columbian\\ntitle: National context: IssNational Geographic often kept by subscribers for-s at thr collect. standard for has high over the and the the highestqualityournalism in the. In0,National Geographic began an international photography competition called the with over countries In countries Iran Malaysia,pl scad primitive;bers comp that practice thes for:ism States attractedists by the1. Yorks population 8 0. a increase 0aries published the word 'tourist' sometime in 1800, when it referred to those going to Europe or making a round trip of natural wonders in New York and New England. The absence of urban tourism during the nineteenth century was in part because American cities lacked the architecture and art which attracted thousands to Europe. American cities tended to offend the sensitive with ugliness\\n\\nWhat exotic city was featured in National Geographic magazine's first photo story in 1905?\",\n \"compressed_tokens\": 492,\n \"origin_tokens\": 14394,\n \"ratio\": \"29.3x\",\n \"saving\": \", Saving $0.8 in GPT-4.\"\n}"}}},{"rowIdx":298,"cells":{"id":{"kind":"number","value":298,"string":"298"},"question":{"kind":"string","value":"What was mystery writer Dashiell Hammett's first name?"},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["Samuel, or Sam"],"string":"[\n \"Samuel, or Sam\"\n]","isConversational":false},"target":{"kind":"string","value":"Samuel, or Sam"},"ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"id":"1292537","text":"Dashiell Hammett Samuel Dashiell Hammett (; May 27, 1894 – January 10, 1961) was an American author of hard-boiled detective novels and short stories. He was also a screenwriter and political activist. Among the enduring characters he created are Sam Spade (\"The Maltese Falcon\"), Nick and Nora Charles (\"The Thin Man\"), and the Continental Op (\"Red Harvest\" and \"The Dain Curse\"). Hammett \"is now widely regarded as one of the finest mystery writers of all time\". In his obituary in \"The New York Times\", he was described as \"the dean of the... 'hard-boiled' school of detective fiction.\" \"Time\" magazine included","title":"Dashiell Hammett"},{"id":"1292556","text":"Davis as Hellman. The Continental Op Sam Spade Nick and Nora Charles In 2011, magazine editor Andrew Gulli found fifteen previously unknown short stories by Dashiell Hammett in the archives of the Harry Ransom Center at the University of Texas in Austin. Dashiell Hammett Samuel Dashiell Hammett (; May 27, 1894 – January 10, 1961) was an American author of hard-boiled detective novels and short stories. He was also a screenwriter and political activist. Among the enduring characters he created are Sam Spade (\"The Maltese Falcon\"), Nick and Nora Charles (\"The Thin Man\"), and the Continental Op (\"Red Harvest\" and","title":"Dashiell Hammett"},{"id":"6824408","text":"Dashiell Hammett, trying to put his Pinkerton detective days behind him while establishing himself as a writer, finds himself drawn back into his old life one last time by the irresistible call of friendship and to honor a debt. In 1928, Hammett, known to his librarian neighbor Kit and other acquaintances as \"Sam,\" is holed up in a cheap apartment, hard at work at his typewriter each day. He drinks heavily, smokes too much and has coughing fits. One day, a friend and mentor from his Pinkerton days, Jimmy Ryan, turns up with a request, that Hammett help him track","title":"Hammett (film)"},{"id":"1292538","text":"Hammett's 1929 novel \"Red Harvest\" on its list of the 100 best English-language novels published between 1923 and 2005. His novels and stories also had a significant influence on films, including the genres of private-eye/detective fiction, mystery thrillers, and film-noir. Hammett was born on a farm in Saint Mary's County, Maryland. His parents were Richard Thomas Hammett and Anne Bond Dashiell; his mother belonged to an old Maryland family, whose name in French was De Chiel. He had an older sister, Aronia, and a younger brother, Richard, Jr. Known as Sam, Hammett was baptized a Catholic, and grew up in","title":"Dashiell Hammett"},{"id":"1292541","text":"daughters with the income he made from his writing. Hammett was first published in 1922 in the magazine \"The Smart Set\". Known for the authenticity and realism of his writing, he drew on his experiences as a Pinkerton operative. Hammett wrote most of his detective fiction while he was living in San Francisco in the 1920s; streets and other locations in San Francisco are frequently mentioned in his stories. He said that \"All my characters were based on people I've known personally, or known about.\" His novels were some of the first to use dialogue that sounded authentic to the","title":"Dashiell Hammett"},{"id":"1846510","text":"music video \"So Pure\". Mihok is a photographer as well. His photography of Morissette is used on the back cover of her \"Thank U\" single and is credited for \"Supposed Former Infatuation Junkie.\" Mihok was named after writer Dashiell Hammett, the author of \"The Thin Man\", \"The Glass Key\" and \"The Maltese Falcon\". His last name is usually mispronounced \"me-Hawk,\" but he says the Czech surname is pronounced \"my\"-Hawk. Mihok was diagnosed with Tourette syndrome at age six, and is a spokesperson and is on the board for the nonprofit Jaylens Challenge, founded by the then 9-year old, Jaylen Arnold.","title":"Dash Mihok"},{"id":"4999351","text":"to form: Bernie breaks into a residence (usually on Manhattan's Upper East Side) and, through a series of implausible events, becomes involved in a murder investigation—often as the prime suspect. Not even an eleven-year hiatus (between 1983's \"The Burglar Who Painted Like Mondrian\" and 1994's \"The Burglar Who Traded Ted Williams\") would see that basic formula change. There is, however, a meta quality to the more recent entries: Bernie, the reluctant detective, is himself a bookseller and genre fan, and is apt to make references to Agatha Christie, E.W. Hornung (his cat is named \"Raffles\"), Dashiell Hammett, Raymond Chandler, Sue","title":"Lawrence Block"},{"id":"6824412","text":"A number of actors from the \"Golden Age\" of Hollywood were cast in the film, including Hank Worden, Royal Dano, and Elisha Cook, Jr. (who played Wilmer \"the gunsel\" in John Huston's 1941 film \"The Maltese Falcon\"). Hammett (film) Hammett is a 1982 mystery film directed by Wim Wenders and executive produced by Francis Ford Coppola. The screenplay was written by Ross Thomas and Dennis O'Flaherty, based on the novel of the same name by Joe Gores. It stars Frederic Forrest as detective story writer Dashiell Hammett, who gets caught up in a mystery very much like one of his","title":"Hammett (film)"},{"id":"4609368","text":"series of eccentric characters in the forgotten town. The books biography lists this as Bradbury's first novel since \"Something Wicked This Way Comes\", although the young adult novel \"The Halloween Tree\" was published later. It evokes both the milieu and style of other mystery writers Raymond Chandler, Dashiell Hammett, James M. Cain, and Ross Macdonald, all of whom Bradbury names in the book's dedication, and James Crumley, after whom Bradbury named his detective. Yet the main character is undoubtedly Bradbury himself, portrayed in a period of his life just before his marriage and his success with \"The Martian Chronicles\". Two","title":"Death Is a Lonely Business"},{"id":"6824407","text":"Hammett (film) Hammett is a 1982 mystery film directed by Wim Wenders and executive produced by Francis Ford Coppola. The screenplay was written by Ross Thomas and Dennis O'Flaherty, based on the novel of the same name by Joe Gores. It stars Frederic Forrest as detective story writer Dashiell Hammett, who gets caught up in a mystery very much like one of his own stories. Marilu Henner plays Hammett's neighbor, Kit Conger, and Peter Boyle plays Jimmy Ryan, an old friend from Hammett's days as a Pinkerton agent. The film was entered into the 1982 Cannes Film Festival. San Francisco-based","title":"Hammett (film)"},{"id":"2434321","text":"a predilection for certain casts of characters and certain settings, with the secluded English country house at the top of the list. A typical plot of the Golden Age mystery followed these lines: An American reaction to the cozy convention of British murder mysteries was the American hardboiled school of crime writing (certain works in the field are also referred to as noir fiction). Writers like Dashiell Hammett (1894–1961), Raymond Chandler (1888–1959), Jonathan Latimer (1906–1983), Mickey Spillane (1918–2006), and many others decided on an altogether different, innovative approach to crime fiction. This created whole new stereotypes of crime fiction writing.","title":"History of crime fiction"},{"id":"8906714","text":"his wife, Pippa Gordon, a medical social worker. They have a son, Dashiell, and a daughter, Caitlin. They named their son Dashiell, now a deputy counsel for the County of Los Angeles, after San Francisco mystery writer Dashiell Hammett. His daughter, Caitlin, is an actress and yoga instructor, who graduated with an M.F.A. from American Conservatory Theater, in San Francisco. In 2015, he wrote a story reminiscing about the home birth of his daughter. Talbot's sister, \"New Yorker\" magazine staffer Margaret Talbot, wrote \"The Entertainer: Movies, Magic and My Father's Twentieth Century\" (Riverhead Books, 2012), about their father, Lyle Talbot,","title":"Stephen Talbot"},{"id":"1668692","text":"United States. Years later she wrote, \"Then for the first time in my life I thought about being a Jew.\" Beginning in 1930, for about a year she earned $50 a week as a reader for Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer in Hollywood, writing summaries of novels and periodical literature for potential screenplays. Although she found the job rather dull, it created many opportunities for her to meet a greater range of creative people while she became involved in more political and artistic scenes during that time. While there she met and fell in love with mystery writer Dashiell Hammett. She divorced Kober and","title":"Lillian Hellman"},{"id":"1668688","text":"had belonged to the Communist Party. As a playwright, Hellman had many successes on Broadway, including \"Watch on the Rhine\", \"The Autumn Garden\", \"Toys in the Attic\", \"Another Part of the Forest\", \"The Children's Hour\" and \"The Little Foxes\". She adapted her semi-autobiographical play \"The Little Foxes\" into a screenplay, which starred Bette Davis and received an Academy Award nomination in 1942. Hellman was romantically involved with fellow writer and political activist Dashiell Hammett, author of the classic detective novels \"The Maltese Falcon\" and \"The Thin Man\", who also was blacklisted for 10 years until his death in 1961. The","title":"Lillian Hellman"},{"id":"13348561","text":"anthropological insights into the nature of man and how one person can be a catalyst for good in an overwhelmingly materialistic world. A member of the International Association of Crime Writers (IACW), Staecker twice chaired the Hammett Prize Reading Committee. The Hammett Prize, named for Dashiel Hammett, author of \"The Maltese Falcon\" and \"The Thin Man\", among other works, is awarded annually. The Lady Gangster: A Sailor’s Memoir (2009) Sailor Man: The Troubled Life and Times of J.P. Nunnally, USN (2015) The Muted Mermaid (2008) Shaved Ice (2008) Chocolate Soup (2010) Tales of Tomasewski (2012) More Tomasewski (2014) One Good","title":"Del Staecker"},{"id":"4530916","text":"double homage: first to Dashiell Hammett (\"Miles Archer\" was the name of Sam Spade's murdered partner in \"The Maltese Falcon\" ), while Lew Wallace was the author of the novel \"\" (1880). \"The Galton Case\" is the eighth novel in the Lew Archer detective series written by Ross Macdonald and published by Alfred A. Knopf, Inc. in 1959. The lead character is hired to find the Galton fortune's lost heir. Archer finds a series of murders, web of secrets and deception. From the back of the 1983 Bantam edition: Rich boy Anthony Galton had dropped out of sight more than","title":"Lew Archer"},{"id":"8779939","text":"the early life of one of those heroes: Dashiell Hammett, the originator of the hard-boiled crime novel. As a Pinkerton Agency detective, Hammett investigated the rape and manslaughter case against early Hollywood star Roscoe Arbuckle, one of the most sensational trials of the 20th Century. Atkins' 2010 novel \"Infamous\" is based on the 1933 Charles Urschel kidnapping and subsequent misadventures of the gangster spouses George \"Machine Gun\" and Kathryn Kelly. In 2011 Atkins was selected by the estate of Robert B. Parker to take over writing the Spenser series of novels. \"The Boston Globe\" wrote that while some people might","title":"Ace Atkins"},{"id":"2256400","text":"Donald Hamilton Donald Bengtsson Hamilton (March 24, 1916 – November 20, 2006) was an American writer of novels, short stories, and non-fiction about the outdoors. His novels consist mostly of paperback originals, principally spy fiction, but also crime fiction and westerns, such as \"The Big Country\". He is best known for his long-running Matt Helm series (1960-1993), which chronicles the adventures of an undercover counter-agent/assassin working for a secret American government agency. The noted critic Anthony Boucher wrote: \"Donald Hamilton has brought to the spy novel the authentic hard realism of Dashiell Hammett; and his stories are as compelling, and","title":"Donald Hamilton"},{"id":"1292587","text":"the bantering, romantically involved detective duo has become a well-used trope in literature, stage, screen, and television ever since. The characters first appear in Dashiell Hammett's best-selling last novel \"The Thin Man\" (1934). Nick is an alcoholic former private detective who retired when he married Nora, a wealthy Nob Hill heiress. Hammett reportedly modeled Nora on his longtime partner Lillian Hellman, and the characters' boozy, flippant dialogue on their relationship. (The novel also mentions that Nick was once a Pinkerton detective, as was Hammett.) The novel is considered one of the seminal texts of the hard-boiled subgenre of mystery novels,","title":"Nick and Nora Charles"},{"id":"8404037","text":"Berrell. Most of the original American episodes have not survived. The Fat Man (radio) The Fat Man, a popular radio show during the 1940s and early 1950s was a detective drama created by (or at least credited to) Dashiell Hammett, author of \"The Thin Man\". It starred J. Scott Smart in the title role, as a detective who started out anonymous but rapidly acquired the name 'Brad Runyon'. Broadcast from the studios of WJZ in Newark, New Jersey, the series premiered on the ABC Radio Network on Monday, January 21, 1946, at 8:30 p.m., as part of a block of","title":"The Fat Man (radio)"},{"id":"6757284","text":"Edmund Crispin (1921-1978), Cyril Hare (1900-1958), and many more. Dame Ngaio Marsh (1895–1982), was a New Zealander but was also British, as was her detective Roderick Alleyn. Georges Simenon was from Belgium and wrote in French; his detective, Jules Maigret, was a Frenchman. Some writers, such as Mary Roberts Rinehart, S. S. Van Dine, Earl Derr Biggers, John Dickson Carr, Ellery Queen, Erle Stanley Gardner and Elizabeth Daley , were American but had similar styles. Others, such as Raymond Chandler, Dashiell Hammett, and James M. Cain, had a more hard-boiled, American style. Christie, Sayers, Allingham and Marsh are often described","title":"Golden Age of Detective Fiction"},{"id":"100805","text":"and injustice surrounding the criminals, not the circumstances behind the crime. Very often, no actual mystery even existed: the books simply revolved around justice being served to those who deserved harsh treatment, which was described in explicit detail.\" The overall theme these writers portrayed reflected \"the changing face of America itself.\" In the 1930s, the private eye genre was adopted wholeheartedly by American writers. One of the primary contributors to this style was Dashiell Hammett with his famous private investigator character, Sam Spade. His style of crime fiction came to be known as \"hardboiled\", which is described as a genre","title":"Detective fiction"},{"id":"2989686","text":"translated into 21 languages. His direct inspirations include the detective fiction of Dashiell Hammett, Graham Greene and Raymond Chandler. Mosley's fame increased in 1992 when presidential candidate Bill Clinton, a fan of murder mysteries, named Mosley as one of his favorite authors. Mosley made publishing history in 1997 by foregoing an advance to give the manuscript of \"Gone Fishin' \" to a small, independent publisher, Black Classic Press in Baltimore, run by former Black Panther Paul Coates. His first published book, \"Devil in a Blue Dress\", was the basis of a 1995 movie starring Denzel Washington. The world premiere of","title":"Walter Mosley"},{"id":"1291116","text":"The murderer is revealed to be David (the mysterious \"Anderson\"), who has harbored a vengeful hatred of Selma after she passed him over and married Robert. The case solved, and once again traveling by train, Nora reveals to Nick that they are expecting a baby, although Nick has to be prodded into putting the \"clues\" together and she comments: \"And you call yourself a detective.\" The cast is listed in order as documented by the American Film Institute. Cast note: The film's story was written by Dashiell Hammett, based on his characters Nick and Nora, but not a particular novel","title":"After the Thin Man"},{"id":"3067389","text":"no one was apprehended or prosecuted for Little's murder there have been a number of speculations. The author Dashiell Hammett was working as a strikebreaker in Butte for Pinkerton's, and (allegedly) turned down an offer of $5,000 to assassinate Little. Hammett later made use of his experiences in Butte to write \"Red Harvest\". 'In her memoirs Lillian Hellman, Hammett's companion, said he told her he was offered to murder Little. \"Through the years he was to repeat that bribe offer so many times that I came to believe … that it was a kind of key to his life. He","title":"Frank Little (unionist)"},{"id":"9966543","text":"co-wrote Universal's \"The Fat Man\" (1951), which starred J. Scott Smart as the obese detective Brad Runyon, a role he had played on radio since 1946. (The series was developed especially for radio by Dashiell Hammett, creator of \"The Thin Man\", but as he had just been jailed for refusing to co-operate with the House of Representatives' Committee on Un-American Activities, Hammett's name was conspicuous by its absence on the screen credits of \"The Fat Man\".) Another sign of those paranoid times was that Essex and Earl Felton received screenplay credit on \"The Las Vegas Story\" (1952), but not their","title":"Harry Essex"},{"id":"8404033","text":"The Fat Man (radio) The Fat Man, a popular radio show during the 1940s and early 1950s was a detective drama created by (or at least credited to) Dashiell Hammett, author of \"The Thin Man\". It starred J. Scott Smart in the title role, as a detective who started out anonymous but rapidly acquired the name 'Brad Runyon'. Broadcast from the studios of WJZ in Newark, New Jersey, the series premiered on the ABC Radio Network on Monday, January 21, 1946, at 8:30 p.m., as part of a block of four new programs (\"I Deal in Crime\", \"Forever Tops\", and","title":"The Fat Man (radio)"},{"id":"8565830","text":"Série noire Série noire is a French publishing imprint, founded in 1945 by Marcel Duhamel. It has released a collection of crime fiction of the hardboiled detective thrillers variety published by Gallimard. Anglo-American literature forms the bulk of their collection: it features especially Raymond Chandler, Dashiell Hammett, Horace McCoy, William R. Burnett, Ed McBain, Chester Himes, Lou Cameron, Jim Thompson, Rene Brabazon Raymond (under his pseudonym James Hadley Chase) and Peter Cheney. Books from the series were adapted into episodes on the 1984 television series of the same name. This name became a generic term for works of detective, and","title":"Série noire"},{"id":"1292543","text":"He wrote scenes that seemed never to have been written before. In 1929 and 1930, he was romantically involved with Nell Martin, a writer of short stories and several novels. He dedicated \"The Glass Key\" to her, and in turn, she dedicated her novel \"Lovers Should Marry\" to him. In 1931, Hammett embarked on a 30-year romantic relationship with the playwright Lillian Hellman. Though he sporadically continued to work on material, he wrote his final novel in 1934, more than 25 years before his death. Why he moved away from fiction is not certain; Hellman speculated in a posthumous collection","title":"Dashiell Hammett"},{"id":"13453733","text":"Joe Gores Joseph Nicholas \"Joe\" Gores (born December 25, 1931, in Rochester, Minnesota, United States; died January 10, 2011, in Greenbrae, California) was an American mystery writer. He was known best for his novels and short stories set in San Francisco and featuring the fictional \"Dan Kearney and Associates\" (the \"DKA Files\") private investigation firm specializing in repossessing cars, a thinly veiled escalation of his own experiences as a confidential sleuth and repo man. Gores was also recognized for his novels \"Hammett\" (1975; made into the 1982 film \"Hammett\"), \"Spade & Archer\" (the 2009 prequel to Dashiell Hammett's \"The Maltese","title":"Joe Gores"},{"id":"9539482","text":"Bloodsimple Bloodsimple was an American heavy metal band from New York City that formed in 2002. They were signed to Warner Bros. Records. The band's name comes from a term coined by detective novelist Dashiell Hammett. The term apparently describes the addled, fearful mindset people are in after a prolonged immersion in violent situations. The term was coined in the novel \"Red Harvest\", which is also the title of Bloodsimple's second album. Bloodsimple formed in 2002, originally under the name Fix 8, and featured former Vision of Disorder members vocalist Tim Williams and guitarist Mike Kennedy, along with ex-Piece Dogs,","title":"Bloodsimple"},{"id":"7989892","text":"automobile accident. A puzzling codicil to the Russells' will, a break-in at the family house, and a failed attempt on Mary's life quickly draw Holmes and eventually Mary into an investigation of the real cause of her parents' death. Holmes and Russell team up with a former Pinkerton agent Dashiell Hammett, several residents of Chinatown, and a cast of irregulars to solve the mystery that has plagued Mary for ten years. On their way back to Britain from India, Holmes and Russell stop at Russell's childhood home in San Francisco. As they approach San Francisco, Russell becomes more and more","title":"Locked Rooms"},{"id":"1167480","text":"World War II, the village had taken on the appearance that it bears today. Pleasantville merits interest for its literary history. Playwright Lillian Hellman (\"The Children's Hour,\" \"The Little Foxes\") bought Hardscrabble Farm on the western outskirts of Pleasantville and lived there in the 1940s and 1950s. For many years author Dashiell Hammett (\"The Thin Man,\" \"The Maltese Falcon\"), with whom Hellman was romantically involved, lived and worked at Hardscrabble Farm. DeWitt Wallace and Lila Bell Wallace, co-founders of \"Reader's Digest\", made Pleasantville their headquarters in 1922, using a converted garage and pony shed on Eastview Avenue as their office","title":"Pleasantville, New York"},{"id":"15707130","text":"Vintage Crime/Black Lizard Vintage Crime/Black Lizard is the corporate amalgamation of Random House's Vintage Crime, and Random House's 1990 acquisition, Black Lizard, a major publisher of classic crime fiction. Vintage Crime/Black Lizard was founded in June 1990 after Random House's acquisition of Black Lizard, the publishing company created by Donald S. Ellis and Barry Gifford. Before the acquisition Vintage Books was publishing the work of American mystery-authors such as Dashiell Hammett, James M. Cain and Raymond Chandler under Vintage Crime. As a result of the unification Random House came into the possession of the literature of Jim Thompson, and David","title":"Vintage Crime/Black Lizard"},{"id":"11317","text":"Agatha Christie Dame Agatha Mary Clarissa Christie, Lady Mallowan, (née Miller; 15 September 1890 – 12 January 1976) was an English writer. She is known for her 66 detective novels and 14 short story collections, particularly those revolving around her fictional detectives Hercule Poirot and Miss Marple. Christie also wrote the world's longest-running play, a murder mystery, \"The Mousetrap\", and, under the pen name Mary Westmacott, six romances. In 1971 she was appointed a Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire (DBE) for her contribution to literature. Christie was born into a wealthy upper-middle-class family in Torquay, Devon.","title":"Agatha Christie"},{"id":"1664831","text":"Cornell Woolrich Cornell George Hopley-Woolrich (December 4, 1903 – September 25, 1968) was an American novelist and short story writer who wrote using the name Cornell Woolrich, and sometimes the pseudonyms William Irish and George Hopley. His biographer, Francis Nevins Jr., rated Woolrich the fourth best crime writer of his day, behind Dashiell Hammett, Erle Stanley Gardner and Raymond Chandler. A check of film titles reveals that more film noir screenplays were adapted from works by Woolrich than any other crime novelist, and many of his stories were adapted during the 1940s for \"Suspense\" and other dramatic radio programs. Woolrich","title":"Cornell Woolrich"},{"id":"708363","text":"The Maltese Falcon (novel) The Maltese Falcon is a 1930 detective novel by American writer Dashiell Hammett, originally serialized in the magazine \"Black Mask\" beginning with the September 1929 issue. The story is told entirely in external third-person narrative; there is no description whatever of any character's internal thoughts or feelings, only what they say and do, and how they look. The novel has been adapted several times for the cinema. The main character, Sam Spade (who also appeared later in some lesser-known short stories), was a departure from Hammett's nameless detective, The Continental Op. Spade combined several features of","title":"The Maltese Falcon (novel)"},{"id":"346393","text":"Parker). All but \"Playback\" have been made into motion pictures, some more than once. In the year before his death, he was elected president of the Mystery Writers of America. Chandler had an immense stylistic influence on American popular literature. He is considered to be a founder of the hard-boiled school of detective fiction, along with Dashiell Hammett, James M. Cain and other \"Black Mask\" writers. The protagonist of his novels, Philip Marlowe, like Hammett's Sam Spade, is considered by some to be synonymous with \"private detective\". Both were played in films by Humphrey Bogart, whom many consider to be","title":"Raymond Chandler"},{"id":"9539496","text":"song \"Dead Man Walking\" was featured on the video game \"WWE Smackdown vs Raw 2009\". In October 2008, Vision of Disorder reformed to record a new album. Final lineup Former members Live musicians Mourning Grey 2007 Interview with Tim Williams of Bloodsimple Bloodsimple Bloodsimple was an American heavy metal band from New York City that formed in 2002. They were signed to Warner Bros. Records. The band's name comes from a term coined by detective novelist Dashiell Hammett. The term apparently describes the addled, fearful mindset people are in after a prolonged immersion in violent situations. The term was coined","title":"Bloodsimple"},{"id":"4608086","text":"Robert Crais Robert Crais (pronounced to rhyme with 'chase') (born June 20, 1953) is an American author of detective fiction. Crais began his career writing scripts for television shows such as \"Hill Street Blues\", \"Cagney & Lacey\", \"Quincy\", \"Miami Vice\" and \"L.A. Law\". His writing is influenced by Raymond Chandler, Dashiell Hammett, Ernest Hemingway, Robert B. Parker and John Steinbeck. Crais has won numerous awards for his crime novels. Lee Child has cited him in interviews as one of his favourite American crime writers. The novels of Robert Crais have been published in 62 countries and are bestsellers around the","title":"Robert Crais"},{"id":"585578","text":"Pinkerton in a Season 2 episode of \"Drunk History\". Pinkerton is also a recurring character in the 2014 series \"The Pinkertons\", played by Angus Macfadyen. Pinkerton is also portrayed in an episode of \"The Life and Times of Grizzly Adams\", by Don Galloway (1937-2009), and in the 1994 American biographical western film \"Frank and Jesse\" by William Atherton. In but in these cases, as in the others, he seems to be portrayed with an American accent, although he was Scottish by birth, and may still have retained his Scots accent. Hardboiled crime fiction writer Dashiell Hammett was employed by the","title":"Allan Pinkerton"},{"id":"1668657","text":"turned the magazine into an outlet for the growing school of naturalistic crime writers led by Carroll John Daly. Daly's private detective Race Williams was a rough-and-ready character with a sharp tongue, establishing a model for many later acerbic private eyes. \"Black Mask\" later published stories by the profoundly influential Dashiell Hammett, creator of Sam Spade and The Continental Op, and other hardboiled writers who came in his wake, such as Raymond Chandler, Erle Stanley Gardner, Paul Cain, Frederick Nebel, Frederick C. Davis, Raoul F. Whitfield, Theodore Tinsley, Todhunter Ballard (as W.T. Ballard), Dwight V. Babcock, and Roger Torrey. The","title":"Black Mask (magazine)"},{"id":"9506749","text":"all of the buildings in the neighborhood were destroyed by the 1906 earthquake and the backfires that were set by firefighters to contain the devastation. The area was immediately rebuilt with some hotels opening by 1907 and apartment buildings shortly thereafter, including the historic Cadillac Hotel. By the 1920s, the neighborhood was notorious for its gambling, billiard halls, boxing gyms, \"speakeasies\", theaters, restaurants and other nightlife depicted in the hard boiled detective fiction of Dashiell Hammett, who lived at 891 Post Street, the apartment he gave to Sam Spade in \"The Maltese Falcon\". Also around this time, due to Red","title":"Tenderloin, San Francisco"},{"id":"8865603","text":"(Tess Harper)'s then-boyfriend (Joe Henry) with a shovel because she caught him sexually abusing Emily (Episode 19). They buried him in the woods next to the cabin and eventually grew distant from each other. Samantha learns that as a result of this abuse, Emily had a son, Randy, who now has cancer so she sought a bone marrow donor. Sam is not a match but her mother is a possibility. Spade received her name because her mother was a fan of fictional detective Sam Spade from \"The Maltese Falcon\", created by Dashiell Hammett. Samantha Spade Special Agent Samantha \"Sam\" Spade","title":"Samantha Spade"},{"id":"7493142","text":"leave, Spade calls the police and tells them where to pick up the pair. Spade then angrily confronts O'Shaughnessy, telling her he knows she killed Archer to implicate Thursby, her unwanted accomplice. She confesses, but begs Spade to not turn her over to the police. Despite his feelings for her, Spade gives O'Shaughnessy up. Though Hammett had once worked as a private detective for the Pinkerton Detective Agency in San Francisco (and used his birth name \"Samuel\" for the story's protagonist), he wrote of the book's main character in 1934: Spade has no original. He is a dream man in","title":"The Maltese Falcon (1941 film)"},{"id":"154142","text":"be easily adapted from it. The gun-type and implosion-type designs were codenamed \"Thin Man\" and \"Fat Man\" respectively. These code names were created by Robert Serber, a former student of Oppenheimer's who worked on the Manhattan Project. He chose them based on their design shapes; the Thin Man was a very long device, and the name came from the Dashiell Hammett detective novel \"The Thin Man\" and series of movies. The Fat Man was round and fat and was named after Sydney Greenstreet's character in \"The Maltese Falcon\". Little Boy came last as a variation of Thin Man. Neddermeyer discarded","title":"Fat Man"},{"id":"6385384","text":"government archives—if not their own lawful identity, then one appropriated from a person no longer using it. In the 21st century, advances in technology have made ghosting increasingly difficult to achieve, while governments have increased the penalties for those who get caught. Dashiell Hammett's novel \"The Maltese Falcon\" (1930) recounts the story, apparently based on a true case, of a businessman named Flitcraft who spontaneously abandons his career and his marriage, abruptly moving to another city and inventing another identity. If this incident did indeed occur in the 1920s or earlier, Flitcraft would have encountered little difficulty in establishing a","title":"Ghosting (identity theft)"},{"id":"4106207","text":"“loitering while walking, or walking down the street with no clear destination or purpose”, and was used by police to stop and interview counterculture \"hippies\" who were regarded as unsavory. Some of those arrested were aggressively prosecuted by public prosecutor Karl T. Chrastan. In discussions of law, \"mopery\" is used as a placeholder name to mean some crime whose nature is not important to the problem at hand. This is sometimes expanded to \"mopery with intent to creep\" or \"mopery with intent to gawk\". The word \"mopery\" has been used by authors Thomas Pynchon \"(Gravity's Rainbow)\" and Dashiell Hammett \"(The","title":"Mopery"},{"id":"15649051","text":"Roadhouse Nights Roadhouse Nights is a 1930 American Pre-Code gangster film. A number of sources including Sally Cline in her book \"Dashiell Hammett Man of Mystery\" claim it is based on the classic novel \"Red Harvest\" written by Dashiell Hammett (author of \"The Maltese Falcon\", \"The Thin Man\", and \"The Glass Key\"). However the credits of the film itself say only \"An Original Screenplay by Ben Hecht.\" Hammett receives no mention at all (and the plots are not similar). The movie, an unusual amalgam of musical comedy and gangster melodrama, was directed by Hobart Henley, stars Helen Morgan, Charles Ruggles,","title":"Roadhouse Nights"},{"id":"782507","text":"Several authors excelled, after successfully misleading their readers, in revealing an unlikely suspect as the real villain of the story. They often had a predilection for certain casts of characters and settings, with the secluded English country house at the top of the list. One reaction to the conventionality of British murder mysteries was American \"hard-boiled\" crime fiction, epitomized by the writings of Raymond Chandler, Dashiell Hammett and Mickey Spillane, among others. Though the settings were grittier, the violence more abundant and the style more colloquial, plots were, as often as not, whodunits constructed in much the same way as","title":"Whodunit"},{"id":"13024920","text":"Fratricide, and Fear in the Middle East\" in 2004 (Free Press), about Israeli and Palestinian societies. \"The New York Times\" called \"The Collaborator of Bethlehem\", the first of his Palestinian crime novels about Bethlehem sleuth Omar Yussef, \"an astonishing first novel.\" \"'Le Figaro\" called the book \"a masterpiece.\" Rees's writing has been compared with the work of Graham Greene, John Le Carre, Georges Simenon and Henning Mankell. The French magazine L'Express called him \"the Dashiell Hammett of Palestine.\" Rees's books have sold in 25 languages. Rees was born in Newport, Wales. As a journalist, Rees covered the Middle East and","title":"Matt Rees"},{"id":"6059689","text":"rights to the Dashiell Hammett novel \"The Maltese Falcon\", economical Warner Bros. executives decided to film another version of the book and assigned contract writer Brown Holmes to pen the screenplay. Showing little regard for the original material, Holmes converted its object of desire - a jewel-encrusted statuette of a falcon - into a ram's horn filled with precious gems, changed character names (Sam Spade became \"Ted Shane\"), altered the sex of one of the criminal masterminds from male to female, and retitled the story, first to \"The Man in the Black Hat\" and then \"Men on Her Mind\". Filming","title":"Satan Met a Lady"},{"id":"1292542","text":"era. \"I distrust a man that says when. If he's got to be careful not to drink too much, it's because he's not to be trusted when he does\". Raymond Chandler, often considered Hammett's successor, summarized his accomplishments in \"The Simple Art of Murder\": Hammett was the ace performer... He is said to have lacked heart; yet the story he himself thought the most of, \"The Glass Key\", is the record of a man's devotion to a friend. He was spare, frugal, hard-boiled, but he did over and over again what only the best writers can ever do at all.","title":"Dashiell Hammett"},{"id":"2408568","text":"Anthony Boucher Anthony Boucher (; born William Anthony Parker White; August 21, 1911 – April 29, 1968) was an American author, critic, and editor, who wrote several classic mystery novels, short stories, science fiction, and radio dramas. Between 1942 and 1947 he acted as reviewer of mostly mystery fiction for the \"San Francisco Chronicle\". In addition to \"Anthony Boucher\", White also employed the pseudonym \"H. H. Holmes\", which was the pseudonym of a late-19th-century American serial killer; Boucher would also write light verse and sign it \"Herman W. Mudgett\" (another of the murderer's aliases). In a 1981 poll of 17","title":"Anthony Boucher"},{"id":"18482070","text":"clerk at Gimbels. He then found work as a theatrical press agent for the Shubert brothers, Jed Harris, Herman Shumlin, and Ruth Draper. Kober married Lillian Hellman on December 31, 1925. During their marriage, they often lived apart. They divorced in 1932, after Hellman had started a relationship with Dashiell Hammett. He later married Margaret Frohnknecht in 1941, who died in 1951. They had one daughter, Catherine. Kober began writing humorous short fiction for \"The New Yorker\" in 1926 and became a prolific contributor. Many of his characters, such as the husband-hunter Bella Gross, were based on his Jewish upbringing","title":"Arthur Kober"},{"id":"1616378","text":"names of the protagonists to Philip Marlowe. His first two stories, \"Blackmailers Don't Shoot\" and \"Smart-Aleck Kill\" (with a detective named Mallory), were never altered in print but did join the others as Marlowe cases for the television series \"Philip Marlowe, Private Eye\". Marlowe's character is foremost within the genre of hardboiled crime fiction that originated in the 1920s, notably in \"Black Mask\" magazine, in which Dashiell Hammett's The Continental Op and Sam Spade first appeared. Underneath the wisecracking, hard-drinking, tough private eye, Marlowe is quietly contemplative and philosophical and enjoys chess and poetry. While he is not afraid to","title":"Philip Marlowe"},{"id":"19616863","text":"and remained until 12 April 1947. The British Mission ended when he departed. In 1943, development efforts were directed to a gun-type fission weapon using plutonium called Thin Man. The names for all three atomic bomb design projects—Fat Man, Thin Man, and Little Boy—were created by Serber, who chose them based on their design shapes. Thin Man was a long device, and its name came from the Dashiell Hammett detective novel and series of movies of the same name. The Fat Man was round and fat, and was named after Sydney Greenstreet's \"Kasper Gutman\" character in \"The Maltese Falcon\". Little","title":"Project Y"},{"id":"3677491","text":"complains about contrivances and formulas and an inability to move beyond them. The classic detective story \"has learned nothing and forgotten nothing.\" Chandler reserves his praise for Dashiell Hammett. Although Chandler and Hammett were contemporaries and grouped as the founders of the hard-boiled school, Chandler speaks of Hammett as the \"one individual... picked out to represent the whole movement,\" noting Hammett's mastery of the \"American language\", his adherence to reality, and that he \"gave murder back to the kind of people that commit it for reasons, not just to provide a corpse.\" Chandler concludes his essay by moving from reality","title":"The Simple Art of Murder"},{"id":"4169693","text":"the Red Channels book, he was not invited to play the role when the series made the switch to NBC in 1950. In 1961 \"Broadcasting\" reported that Four Star Productions planned to film a \"Sam Spade\" television pilot with Peter Falk in the title role, but no such series ever arrived on TV. The different incarnations of the series were: The Adventures of Sam Spade The Adventures of Sam Spade, Detective was a radio series based loosely on the private detective character Sam Spade, created by writer Dashiell Hammett for \"The Maltese Falcon\". The show ran for 13 episodes on","title":"The Adventures of Sam Spade"},{"id":"14393954","text":"several other American authors including Mark Twain and Dashiell Hammett. Twain wrote in his \"Tom Sawyer Abroad\": “We took him a blip in the back and knocked him off.” Hammett’s usage, in \"The Maltese Falcon\", expanded the definition to include murder: “You could have blipped them both.” However, for reasons unknown, this older definition was discarded on the advent of modern radar systems in favor of one which remains in use today: a point of light on a radar screen to locate a searched for object. The definition received a further update when, in 2009, two companies independently began using","title":"Blip (internet)"},{"id":"1473906","text":"period were Fredric Brown, Paul Chadwick and, to a certain extent, Cornell Woolrich, although these writers tended to rarely use the Private Eye protagonists that many associate with pulp fiction. Quite a few comic book impossible crimes seem to draw on the \"weird menace\" tradition of the pulps. However, celebrated writers such as G. K. Chesterton, Arthur Conan Doyle, Clayton Rawson, and Sax Rohmer have had their works adapted to comic book form. In 1934, Dashiell Hammett created the comic strip \"Secret Agent X9\", illustrated by Alex Raymond, which contained a locked-room episode, albeit a rather feeble one. One American","title":"Locked-room mystery"},{"id":"9136652","text":"that crime fiction is at best merely escapist fare. Ellin identifies not only with Dashiell Hammett, Raymond Chandler, Agatha Christie, and Arthur Conan Doyle but also with Fyodor Dostoevski and William Faulkner, who also dealt with the theme of crime and punishment.\" Art Taylor, a writer of stories for such venues as \"Ellery Queen's Mystery Magazine\" and a reviewer for the \"Washington Post Book World\" and other periodicals, wrote that \"what has given Ellin such lasting renown in the pantheon of short story writers is surely the precision of his plotting: the clockwork accuracy by which each element of a","title":"Stanley Ellin"},{"id":"12543343","text":"Eugene Izzi Eugene Izzi (March 23, 1953 – December 7, 1996) was an American crime writer. Izzi, a lifelong resident of Chicago, set most of his work in that city. He wrote in the classic hard-boiled style made famous by Mickey Spillane and Dashiell Hammett. Despite moderate popularity, he is best known for the unusual circumstances surrounding his death. Although few details are known of Izzi's early life, most accounts describe a trouble-prone youth. Izzi himself dropped out of high school and enlisted in the army. During his military service, Izzi completed his high school equivalency degree. Upon his return","title":"Eugene Izzi"},{"id":"714961","text":"he almost takes the life of someone who knows too much. Cast notes: The film was based on the novel of the same name by Dashiell Hammett, released in January 1934. Hammett's novel drew on his experiences as a union-busting Pinkerton detective in Butte, Montana. Hammett based Nick and Nora's banter upon his rocky on-again, off-again relationship with playwright Lillian Hellman. MGM paid Hammett $21,000 for the screen rights to the novel. The screenplay was written by Albert Hackett and Frances Goodrich, who had been married for three years. Director W.S. Van Dyke encouraged them to use Hammett's writing as","title":"The Thin Man (film)"},{"id":"3194305","text":"The Continental Op The Continental Op is a fictional character created by Dashiell Hammett. He is a private investigator employed as an operative of the Continental Detective Agency's San Francisco office. The stories are all told in the first person and his name is never mentioned. The Continental Op is a master of deceit in the exercise of his occupation. In his 1927 \"Black Mask\" story \"$106,000 Blood Money\" the Op is confronted with two dilemmas: shall he expose a corrupt fellow detective, thereby hurting the reputation of his agency; and shall he also allow an informant to collect the","title":"The Continental Op"},{"id":"15649053","text":"Prohibition-era entertainment, with a reasonably \"straight\" performance from comic actor Ruggles and a few songs from Helen Morgan. Roadhouse Nights Roadhouse Nights is a 1930 American Pre-Code gangster film. A number of sources including Sally Cline in her book \"Dashiell Hammett Man of Mystery\" claim it is based on the classic novel \"Red Harvest\" written by Dashiell Hammett (author of \"The Maltese Falcon\", \"The Thin Man\", and \"The Glass Key\"). However the credits of the film itself say only \"An Original Screenplay by Ben Hecht.\" Hammett receives no mention at all (and the plots are not similar). The movie, an","title":"Roadhouse Nights"},{"id":"15960690","text":"Waters, Chick Corea, Al Di Meola, and Larry Coryell, among others. Still haunted by the murder of a fifteen-year-old girl near his home as a boy, Ellis's interest in crime fiction began to evolve with the films of Alfred Hitchcock and books by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, John Buchan, and Dashiell Hammett. Soon he gave up music to write and study filmmaking, and began skipping classes at Conestoga High School to attend murder trials. These experiences became short stories, with Ellis sharing the position of co-editor of the school newspaper. Ellis attended Ohio University in Athens, Ohio, majoring in film","title":"Robert Ellis (author)"},{"id":"9783436","text":"of the same title by MGM in 1930. She was at one time the lover of the mystery writer Dashiell Hammett and he dedicated his 1931 novel \"The Glass Key\" to her. She was married to Ashley Weed Dickinson, a journalist and author. Martin wrote eight novels and over 200 short stories. Her novels include: Nell Martin Nell Martin (1890–1961) was an American author from Illinois specializing in light-hearted mysteries and short stories. She also published under Columbia Boyer and her full name Nell Columbia Boyer Martin. Having worked as a strawberry picker, newspaper reporter, taxi-cab driver, lawyer's assistant, laundry","title":"Nell Martin"},{"id":"12543349","text":"a white supremacist group and was planning to detail their activities in a future book. In addition, the bizarre scene is said to resemble one portrayed in the unfinished manuscript. All United States publication dates are per Library Of Congress catalog. Eugene Izzi Eugene Izzi (March 23, 1953 – December 7, 1996) was an American crime writer. Izzi, a lifelong resident of Chicago, set most of his work in that city. He wrote in the classic hard-boiled style made famous by Mickey Spillane and Dashiell Hammett. Despite moderate popularity, he is best known for the unusual circumstances surrounding his death.","title":"Eugene Izzi"},{"id":"6090334","text":"tells Brendan that Emily expressed regret that she couldn't keep her pregnancy because she did not love the prospective father, and that Emily was three months pregnant when she died, implying that the baby was his. Brendan watches Laura walk away. The origins of \"Brick\" were Rian Johnson's obsessions with Dashiell Hammett's novels. Hammett was known for hardboiled detective novels, and Johnson wanted to make a straightforward American detective story. He had discovered Hammett's work through an interview of the Coen brothers about their 1990 gangster film, \"Miller's Crossing\". He read \"Red Harvest\" (1929) and then moved on to \"The","title":"Brick (film)"},{"id":"1417294","text":"the USSR. When Lillian reaches London, she receives word that Julia has been killed in the Frankfurt apartment of a friend by Nazi agents although the details of her death are shrouded in secrecy. Lillian unsuccessfully looks for Julia's daughter in Alsace. She returns to the United States and is reunited with Dashiell Hammett. She is haunted by her memories of Julia and is distraught over not having found Julia's baby. She is shocked that Julia's family pretends not to remember Lillian, clearly wanting to excise from their memory a granddaughter who refused to conform at a time when conformity","title":"Julia (1977 film)"},{"id":"13222435","text":"winning author receives a certificate of merit and a falcon sculpture crafted in wood. Maltese Falcon Society The Maltese Falcon Society is an organization for admirers of Dashiell Hammett, his novel \"The Maltese Falcon,\" and hardboiled mystery books and writers in general. Founded in San Francisco in 1981, the organization is no longer active in the United States; however, a chapter in Japan has been active continuously since 1982. The Japanese branch of the society presents the Falcon Award, Japan's highest honor in the mystery field, to honor the best hardboiled mystery novel published in Japan. The Maltese Falcon Society","title":"Maltese Falcon Society"},{"id":"5295519","text":"can't touch Dolores without destroying Mavis and her career and leaves, only to see Lagardie heading up to see her. Marlowe deduces that he was Dolores’ former husband, whom she had left for Steelgrave when they all lived in Cleveland before moving to California. Marlowe notifies the police, who are searching for Lagardie, but they arrive to find he has stabbed Dolores. Chandler, along with Dashiell Hammett, defined the hardboiled school of detective fiction, popularised in pulp magazines such as \"Black Mask\". The hardboiled school was an alternative to the traditional murder mysteries of people like Agatha Christie and Dorothy","title":"The Little Sister"},{"id":"3921973","text":"wartime female section leader. Serber created the code-names for all three design projects, the \"Little Boy\" (uranium gun), \"Thin Man\" (plutonium gun), and \"Fat Man\" (plutonium implosion), according to his reminiscences (1998). The names were based on their design shapes; the \"Thin Man\" would be a very long device, and the name came from the Dashiell Hammett detective novel and series of movies of the same name; the \"Fat Man\" bomb would be round and fat and was named after Sydney Greenstreet's character in \"The Maltese Falcon\" (from Hammett's novel). \"Little Boy\" would come last and be named only to","title":"Robert Serber"},{"id":"1417291","text":"such luminaries as Sigmund Freud, Lillian (Jane Fonda), a struggling writer, suffers through revisions of her play with her mentor and sometime lover, famed author Dashiell Hammett (Jason Robards), at a beachhouse. Julia's school in Vienna is overrun by Nazi thugs, and Julia is severely injured trying to protect her colleagues. Lillian receives word of Julia's condition and rushes to Vienna to be with her. Julia is taken away for \"treatment\", and Lillian is unable to find her again since the hospital denies any knowledge of her being treated there. She remains in Europe to try to find Julia again","title":"Julia (1977 film)"},{"id":"1292554","text":"He may have meant to start a new literary life with the novel \"Tulip\", but left it unfinished, perhaps because he was \"just too ill to care, too worn out to listen to plans or read contracts. The fact of breathing, just breathing, took up all the days and nights.\" Hammett could no longer live alone, and they both knew it, so he spent the last four years of his life with Hellman. \"Not all of that time was easy, and some of it very bad\", she wrote, but, \"guessing death was not too far away, I would try for","title":"Dashiell Hammett"},{"id":"5155925","text":"The Glass Key The Glass Key is a novel by American writer Dashiell Hammett. It was first published as a serial in \"Black Mask\" magazine in 1930, then was collected in 1931 (in London; the American edition followed 3 months later) It tells the story of a gambler and racketeer, Ned Beaumont, whose devotion to Paul Madvig, a crooked political boss, leads him to investigate the murder of a local senator's son as a potential gang war brews. Hammett dedicated the novel to his onetime lover Nell Martin. There have been two US film adaptations (1935 and 1942) of the","title":"The Glass Key"},{"id":"8565831","text":"is considered having inspired the French critic Nino Frank to create in 1946 the phrase Film noir, which describes Hollywood crime dramas. In common parlance, today, the term also means a series of dramatic events with similarities, or affecting the same victims. Série noire Série noire is a French publishing imprint, founded in 1945 by Marcel Duhamel. It has released a collection of crime fiction of the hardboiled detective thrillers variety published by Gallimard. Anglo-American literature forms the bulk of their collection: it features especially Raymond Chandler, Dashiell Hammett, Horace McCoy, William R. Burnett, Ed McBain, Chester Himes, Lou Cameron,","title":"Série noire"},{"id":"19998744","text":"Charlie Wild, Private Detective (radio program) Charlie Wild, Private Detective is an American old-time radio detective mystery drama. It was broadcast on NBC September 24, 1950 - December 17, 1950, and on CBS January 7, 1951 - July 1, 1951. The episodes broadcast on CBS were also carried on six stations of the Alaska Broadcasting System. \"Charlie Wild, Private Detective\" replaced \"The Adventures of Sam Spade\" on the air. The change followed the listing of \"Sam Spade\"'s star (Howard Duff) and creator (Dashiell Hammett) in the anti-Communist tract \"Red Channels\". Radio historian John Dunning wrote that the association of the","title":"Charlie Wild, Private Detective (radio program)"},{"id":"20719514","text":"sold the rights to MacBride and Kennedy to Warner Bros., who made nine film adaptations. The CBS Radio series \"Meet MacBride\", beginning in 1936, was also adapted from the series. Nebel created Donny “Tough Dick” Donahue at the request of Shaw for a character similar to Dashiel Hammett’s Sam Spade. Following the huge success of \"The Maltese Falcon\", Shaw wanted more Spade stories but Hammett, a personal friend of Nebel’s, had quit the pulps for Hollywood. Donahue was an ex-cop discharged for not giving into corruption, now working for the Inter-State Detective Agency. From 1930 to 1935, Nebel wrote 15","title":"Frederick Nebel"},{"id":"12877289","text":"Dash and Lilly Dash and Lilly is a 1999 Emmy- and Golden Globe Award-nominated biographical television film about writers Dashiell Hammett and Lillian Hellman. The film was directed by actress Kathy Bates and written by Jerrold L. Ludwig. It stars Sam Shepard and Judy Davis. The lives of Dashiell Hammett (Shepard) and Lillian Hellman (Davis) are set against the golden era of Hollywood, HUAC and the issue of McCarthyism of the 1950s. This intimate look at the lives of two of this century's literary titans follows their tumultuous affair, drinking bouts, career highs and lows, and activities in support of","title":"Dash and Lilly"},{"id":"13453737","text":"assistant motel manager and an English teacher at a boys' school in Kenya. In his novels he used variations of the names of former associates—such as Stan Groner. According to The Thrilling Detective Web Site, \"He has often relied on his former occupations, particularly his stint as a private eye, to lend an air of authenticity to his work, blasting through the 'glamour' of detective work, [and] showing the drudgery and grunt work of detection.\" Gores died in a Marin County, California, hospital 50 years to the day after Dashiell Hammett died. Novels: Hammett Novels: DKA Novels (involving detective agency","title":"Joe Gores"},{"id":"2537028","text":"Sam Spade Sam Spade is a fictional private detective and the protagonist of Dashiell Hammett's 1930 novel, \"The Maltese Falcon\". Spade also appeared in four lesser-known short stories by Hammett. \"The Maltese Falcon\", first published as a serial in the pulp magazine \"Black Mask\", is the only full-length novel in which Spade appears. The character, however, is widely cited as a crystallizing figure in the development of hard-boiled private detective fiction—Raymond Chandler's Philip Marlowe, for instance, was strongly influenced by Spade. Spade was a departure from Hammett's nameless and less-than-glamorous detective, The Continental Op. Spade combined several features of previous","title":"Sam Spade"},{"id":"13146285","text":"ABC's \"The Rifleman\" with Chuck Connors. Alcaide's \"The Rifleman\" episodes aired between 1959 and 1962 and included the roles of: Alcaide also appeared in network drama series: Alcaide came out of retirement in 1982 to play an unnamed man in a corporate boardroom in the film \"Hammett\", a fictional story of author Dashiell Hammett. He appeared as the Chief Justice in the 1987 Charles Bronson film \"Assassination\". In 1948, Alcaide married Georgia Sarkisian, briefly becoming the step-father of her young daughter Cher, before their 1949 divorce. In 1956, Alcaide married the former Peri Hatman (July 27, 1923 – March 15,","title":"Chris Alcaide"},{"id":"14370727","text":"William Deverell William Herbert Deverell (born March 4, 1937) is a Canadian novelist, activist, and criminal lawyer. He is one of Canada's best-known novelists, whose first book, \"Needles\", which drew on his experiences as a criminal lawyer, won the McClelland & Stewart $50,000 Seal Award. In 1997 he won the Dashiell Hammett Prize for literary excellence in crime writing in North America for \"Trail of Passion\". That book also won the 1998 Arthur Ellis Award for best Canadian crime novel, as did \"April Fool\" in 2003. \"Trial of Passion\" launched his first crime series, featuring the classically trained, self-doubting Arthur","title":"William Deverell"},{"id":"8906701","text":"journalism and did not dwell on his \"\"Leave It To Beaver\"\" heritage, turning down numerous \"LITB\" reunion offers in order to be taken seriously as a reporter. But in recent years he has begun to reflect affectionately on his \"Beaver\" experience in articles and interviews and even in a \"Frontline\" documentary, \"Diet Wars.\" Talbot's many TV documentaries include two Peabody Award winners, \"Broken Arrow\", about nuclear weapons accidents, and \"The Case of Dashiell Hammett,\" a biography of the crime writer. Talbot has had a long association with the PBS series \"Frontline\" beginning with his documentary on the financing of the","title":"Stephen Talbot"},{"id":"5155940","text":"story. He has made the reader as much interested in the relation of his individuals to each other as in the solution of the story\". Somerset Maugham saw in Ned Beaumont \"a curious, intriguing character whom any novelist would have been proud to conceive\" And Raymond Chandler found \"an effect of movement, intrigue, cross-purposes, and the gradual elucidation of character, which is all the detective story has any right to be about anyway. All the rest is spillikins in the parlor\". Dashiell Hammett and his novel \"The Glass Key\" have influenced many other hardboiled writers. Raymond Chandler wrote in his","title":"The Glass Key"},{"id":"2537033","text":"both critics and audiences alike. Peter Falk delivered a more successful spoof the following year as \"Sam Diamond\" in Neil Simon's \"Murder by Death\". This was preceded by the spoof character \"Sam Diamond\" in the 1965 \"Addams Family\" episode \"Thing Is Missing\", portrayed by Tommy Farrell. In 2009, with the approval of the estate of Dashiell Hammett, the veteran detective-story writer Joe Gores published \"Spade & Archer: The Prequel to Dashiell Hammett's THE MALTESE FALCON\" with Alfred A. Knopf, the original publisher of Hammett's \"The Maltese Falcon\". Sam Spade Sam Spade is a fictional private detective and the protagonist of","title":"Sam Spade"},{"id":"9073512","text":"Lake City.) The harassment of the young woman reflects a popular literary theme in Queen Victoria's England. In Dashiell Hammett's \"The Dain Curse\" (1929), much of the mystery puzzle revolves around the Temple of the Holy Grail, a fictitious California circle that Hammett's characters repeatedly describe as a \"cult\". Hammett depicts it as starting as a scam, although the putative leader begins to believe in his own fraudulent claims. A.E.W. Mason, in \"The Prisoner in the Opal\" (1928), one of his Inspector Hanaud mysteries, describes the unmasking of a Satanist cult. The Italian novelist Sibilla Aleramo, in \"Amo, dunque sono\"","title":"New religious movements and cults in popular culture"},{"id":"708372","text":"before being published in book form in 1930 by Alfred A. Knopf. The novel has been filmed four times, twice under its original title: There have been two audiobooks of the novel: There has been one stage adaptation: The Maltese Falcon (novel) The Maltese Falcon is a 1930 detective novel by American writer Dashiell Hammett, originally serialized in the magazine \"Black Mask\" beginning with the September 1929 issue. The story is told entirely in external third-person narrative; there is no description whatever of any character's internal thoughts or feelings, only what they say and do, and how they look. The","title":"The Maltese Falcon (novel)"},{"id":"5091878","text":"Blue City (novel) Blue City was a thriller written in 1947 by Ross Macdonald. The novel was originally released under his real name, Kenneth Millar, by Alfred A. Knopf, while a condensed version was serialized in the August and September 1950 issues of \"Esquire\". In 1986 it was considerably adapted to film. Macdonald later described his third novel, \"Blue City\", as \"a tough thriller in the Spillane tradition\", although \"The Chicago Sun\" noted that he was in a different league from Mickey Spillane. Publicity for the novel linked the author's name with James M. Cain, Dashiell Hammett and Raymond Chandler,","title":"Blue City (novel)"},{"id":"4169691","text":"The Adventures of Sam Spade The Adventures of Sam Spade, Detective was a radio series based loosely on the private detective character Sam Spade, created by writer Dashiell Hammett for \"The Maltese Falcon\". The show ran for 13 episodes on ABC in 1946, for 157 episodes on CBS in 1946-1949, and finally for 51 episodes on NBC in 1949-1951. The series starred Howard Duff (and later, Steve Dunne) as Sam Spade and Lurene Tuttle as his secretary Effie, and took a considerably more tongue-in-cheek approach to the character than the novel or movie. The announcer was Dick Joy. The series","title":"The Adventures of Sam Spade"},{"id":"3672912","text":"and literary critics alike. The Lew Archer novels are recognized as some of the most significant American mystery books of the mid 20th century, bringing a literary sophistication to the genre. The critic John Leonard declared that Macdonald had surpassed the limits of crime fiction to become \"a major American novelist\". He has also been called the primary heir to Dashiell Hammett and Raymond Chandler as the master of American hardboiled mysteries. Macdonald's writing built on the pithy style of his predecessors by adding psychological depth and insights into the motivations of his characters. Their plots of \"baroque splendor\" were","title":"Ross Macdonald"},{"id":"1292547","text":"attack on Pearl Harbor, Hammett again enlisted in the United States Army. He was a disabled veteran of World War I, a victim of tuberculosis, and a Communist, but he pulled strings to be admitted. However, biographer Diane Johnson suggests that confusion over Hammett's forenames was the reason he was able to re-enlist. He served as a sergeant in the Aleutian Islands, where he edited an Army newspaper entitled \"The Adakian\". In 1943, while still a member of the military, he co-authored \"The Battle of the Aleutians\" with Cpl. Robert Colodny, under the direction of an infantry intelligence officer, Major","title":"Dashiell Hammett"},{"id":"1292553","text":"continued to trouble him until 1948, when he quit after his doctor's orders. However, years of heavy drinking and smoking worsened the tuberculosis he contracted in World War I, and then according to Hellman, \"jail had made a thin man thinner, a sick man sicker ... I knew he would now always be sick.\" Hellman wrote that during the 1950s, Hammett became \"a hermit\", his decline evident in the clutter of his rented \"ugly little country cottage\", where \"signs of sickness were all around: now the phonograph was unplayed, the typewriter untouched, the beloved foolish gadgets unopened in their packages.\"","title":"Dashiell Hammett"},{"id":"5970556","text":"III called \"Garfield Fantasies\" the most unusual of the \"Garfield\" DVD collections, adding \"Babes and Bullets\" \"ain't exactly \"Sin City\" here, but this amusing caper is one of the best of the bunch.\" Author Mitzi M. Brunsdale described Sam Spayed as one of the \"strange spinoffs\" of the Sam Spade character, created by Dashiell Hammett in the novel \"The Maltese Falcon\". \"Turner Classic Movies\" identified Sam Spayed particularly as a parody of 1940s film detectives and Humphrey Bogart, who starred as Spade in the 1941 film version of \"The Maltese Falcon\". Garfield's Babes and Bullets Garfield's Babes and Bullets is","title":"Garfield's Babes and Bullets"},{"id":"255990","text":"another 25 Little Boy assemblies in 1947 for use by the Lockheed P2V Neptune nuclear strike aircraft which could be launched from the Midway-class aircraft carriers. All the Little Boy units were withdrawn from service by the end of January 1951. Physicist Robert Serber named the first two atomic bomb designs during World War II based on their shapes: Thin Man and Fat Man. The \"Thin Man\" was a long, thin device and its name came from the Dashiell Hammett detective novel and series of movies about \"The Thin Man\". The \"Fat Man\" was round and fat so it was","title":"Little Boy"},{"id":"4169692","text":"was largely overseen by producer/director William Spier. In 1947, scriptwriters Jason James and Bob Tallman received an Edgar Award for Best Radio Drama from the Mystery Writers of America. Before the series, Sam Spade had been played in radio adaptations of \"The Maltese Falcon\" by both Edward G. Robinson (in a 1943 \"Lux Radio Theater\" production) and by Humphrey Bogart (in a 1941 \"Academy Award Theater\" production), both on CBS. Dashiell Hammett's name was removed from the series in the late 1940s because he was being investigated for involvement with the Communist Party. Later, when Howard Duff's name appeared in","title":"The Adventures of Sam Spade"},{"id":"1897918","text":"novel) into the story and softened Bruno from a coarse alcoholic into a dapper, charming mama's boy — a much more Hitchcockian villain. With treatment in hand, Hitchcock shopped for a screenwriter; he wanted a \"name\" writer to lend some prestige to the screenplay, but was turned down by eight writers, including John Steinbeck and Thornton Wilder, all of whom thought the story too tawdry and were put off by Highsmith's first-timer status. Talks with Dashiell Hammett got further, but here too communications ultimately broke down, and Hammett never took the assignment. Hitchcock then tried Raymond Chandler, who had earned","title":"Strangers on a Train (film)"},{"id":"2454366","text":"\"Vaccination Brought Home to You,\" which documented two cases of children's bad reactions to vaccines. Clymer's involvement in new religious movements, the drama that invariably followed Clymer and similar leaders (such as Father Divine), inspired a number of early 20th century detective stories, such as Dashiell Hammett's \"The Dain Curse\". Clymer's works are also standard reading for American Rosicrucians, and his interest in medicine is continued by the FRC to this day, with the Beverly Hall headquarters housing chiropractic and naturopathic clinics. His prolific writing about Paschal Beverly Randolph and his teachings remain influential in the study of Randolph, in","title":"Reuben Swinburne Clymer"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"id\": \"1292537\",\n \"text\": \"Dashiell Hammett Samuel Dashiell Hammett (; May 27, 1894 – January 10, 1961) was an American author of hard-boiled detective novels and short stories. He was also a screenwriter and political activist. Among the enduring characters he created are Sam Spade (\\\"The Maltese Falcon\\\"), Nick and Nora Charles (\\\"The Thin Man\\\"), and the Continental Op (\\\"Red Harvest\\\" and \\\"The Dain Curse\\\"). Hammett \\\"is now widely regarded as one of the finest mystery writers of all time\\\". In his obituary in \\\"The New York Times\\\", he was described as \\\"the dean of the... 'hard-boiled' school of detective fiction.\\\" \\\"Time\\\" magazine included\",\n \"title\": \"Dashiell Hammett\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1292556\",\n \"text\": \"Davis as Hellman. The Continental Op Sam Spade Nick and Nora Charles In 2011, magazine editor Andrew Gulli found fifteen previously unknown short stories by Dashiell Hammett in the archives of the Harry Ransom Center at the University of Texas in Austin. Dashiell Hammett Samuel Dashiell Hammett (; May 27, 1894 – January 10, 1961) was an American author of hard-boiled detective novels and short stories. He was also a screenwriter and political activist. Among the enduring characters he created are Sam Spade (\\\"The Maltese Falcon\\\"), Nick and Nora Charles (\\\"The Thin Man\\\"), and the Continental Op (\\\"Red Harvest\\\" and\",\n \"title\": \"Dashiell Hammett\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6824408\",\n \"text\": \"Dashiell Hammett, trying to put his Pinkerton detective days behind him while establishing himself as a writer, finds himself drawn back into his old life one last time by the irresistible call of friendship and to honor a debt. In 1928, Hammett, known to his librarian neighbor Kit and other acquaintances as \\\"Sam,\\\" is holed up in a cheap apartment, hard at work at his typewriter each day. He drinks heavily, smokes too much and has coughing fits. One day, a friend and mentor from his Pinkerton days, Jimmy Ryan, turns up with a request, that Hammett help him track\",\n \"title\": \"Hammett (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1292538\",\n \"text\": \"Hammett's 1929 novel \\\"Red Harvest\\\" on its list of the 100 best English-language novels published between 1923 and 2005. His novels and stories also had a significant influence on films, including the genres of private-eye/detective fiction, mystery thrillers, and film-noir. Hammett was born on a farm in Saint Mary's County, Maryland. His parents were Richard Thomas Hammett and Anne Bond Dashiell; his mother belonged to an old Maryland family, whose name in French was De Chiel. He had an older sister, Aronia, and a younger brother, Richard, Jr. Known as Sam, Hammett was baptized a Catholic, and grew up in\",\n \"title\": \"Dashiell Hammett\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1292541\",\n \"text\": \"daughters with the income he made from his writing. Hammett was first published in 1922 in the magazine \\\"The Smart Set\\\". Known for the authenticity and realism of his writing, he drew on his experiences as a Pinkerton operative. Hammett wrote most of his detective fiction while he was living in San Francisco in the 1920s; streets and other locations in San Francisco are frequently mentioned in his stories. He said that \\\"All my characters were based on people I've known personally, or known about.\\\" His novels were some of the first to use dialogue that sounded authentic to the\",\n \"title\": \"Dashiell Hammett\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1846510\",\n \"text\": \"music video \\\"So Pure\\\". Mihok is a photographer as well. His photography of Morissette is used on the back cover of her \\\"Thank U\\\" single and is credited for \\\"Supposed Former Infatuation Junkie.\\\" Mihok was named after writer Dashiell Hammett, the author of \\\"The Thin Man\\\", \\\"The Glass Key\\\" and \\\"The Maltese Falcon\\\". His last name is usually mispronounced \\\"me-Hawk,\\\" but he says the Czech surname is pronounced \\\"my\\\"-Hawk. Mihok was diagnosed with Tourette syndrome at age six, and is a spokesperson and is on the board for the nonprofit Jaylens Challenge, founded by the then 9-year old, Jaylen Arnold.\",\n \"title\": \"Dash Mihok\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4999351\",\n \"text\": \"to form: Bernie breaks into a residence (usually on Manhattan's Upper East Side) and, through a series of implausible events, becomes involved in a murder investigation—often as the prime suspect. Not even an eleven-year hiatus (between 1983's \\\"The Burglar Who Painted Like Mondrian\\\" and 1994's \\\"The Burglar Who Traded Ted Williams\\\") would see that basic formula change. There is, however, a meta quality to the more recent entries: Bernie, the reluctant detective, is himself a bookseller and genre fan, and is apt to make references to Agatha Christie, E.W. Hornung (his cat is named \\\"Raffles\\\"), Dashiell Hammett, Raymond Chandler, Sue\",\n \"title\": \"Lawrence Block\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6824412\",\n \"text\": \"A number of actors from the \\\"Golden Age\\\" of Hollywood were cast in the film, including Hank Worden, Royal Dano, and Elisha Cook, Jr. (who played Wilmer \\\"the gunsel\\\" in John Huston's 1941 film \\\"The Maltese Falcon\\\"). Hammett (film) Hammett is a 1982 mystery film directed by Wim Wenders and executive produced by Francis Ford Coppola. The screenplay was written by Ross Thomas and Dennis O'Flaherty, based on the novel of the same name by Joe Gores. It stars Frederic Forrest as detective story writer Dashiell Hammett, who gets caught up in a mystery very much like one of his\",\n \"title\": \"Hammett (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4609368\",\n \"text\": \"series of eccentric characters in the forgotten town. The books biography lists this as Bradbury's first novel since \\\"Something Wicked This Way Comes\\\", although the young adult novel \\\"The Halloween Tree\\\" was published later. It evokes both the milieu and style of other mystery writers Raymond Chandler, Dashiell Hammett, James M. Cain, and Ross Macdonald, all of whom Bradbury names in the book's dedication, and James Crumley, after whom Bradbury named his detective. Yet the main character is undoubtedly Bradbury himself, portrayed in a period of his life just before his marriage and his success with \\\"The Martian Chronicles\\\". Two\",\n \"title\": \"Death Is a Lonely Business\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6824407\",\n \"text\": \"Hammett (film) Hammett is a 1982 mystery film directed by Wim Wenders and executive produced by Francis Ford Coppola. The screenplay was written by Ross Thomas and Dennis O'Flaherty, based on the novel of the same name by Joe Gores. It stars Frederic Forrest as detective story writer Dashiell Hammett, who gets caught up in a mystery very much like one of his own stories. Marilu Henner plays Hammett's neighbor, Kit Conger, and Peter Boyle plays Jimmy Ryan, an old friend from Hammett's days as a Pinkerton agent. The film was entered into the 1982 Cannes Film Festival. San Francisco-based\",\n \"title\": \"Hammett (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2434321\",\n \"text\": \"a predilection for certain casts of characters and certain settings, with the secluded English country house at the top of the list. A typical plot of the Golden Age mystery followed these lines: An American reaction to the cozy convention of British murder mysteries was the American hardboiled school of crime writing (certain works in the field are also referred to as noir fiction). Writers like Dashiell Hammett (1894–1961), Raymond Chandler (1888–1959), Jonathan Latimer (1906–1983), Mickey Spillane (1918–2006), and many others decided on an altogether different, innovative approach to crime fiction. This created whole new stereotypes of crime fiction writing.\",\n \"title\": \"History of crime fiction\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8906714\",\n \"text\": \"his wife, Pippa Gordon, a medical social worker. They have a son, Dashiell, and a daughter, Caitlin. They named their son Dashiell, now a deputy counsel for the County of Los Angeles, after San Francisco mystery writer Dashiell Hammett. His daughter, Caitlin, is an actress and yoga instructor, who graduated with an M.F.A. from American Conservatory Theater, in San Francisco. In 2015, he wrote a story reminiscing about the home birth of his daughter. Talbot's sister, \\\"New Yorker\\\" magazine staffer Margaret Talbot, wrote \\\"The Entertainer: Movies, Magic and My Father's Twentieth Century\\\" (Riverhead Books, 2012), about their father, Lyle Talbot,\",\n \"title\": \"Stephen Talbot\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1668692\",\n \"text\": \"United States. Years later she wrote, \\\"Then for the first time in my life I thought about being a Jew.\\\" Beginning in 1930, for about a year she earned $50 a week as a reader for Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer in Hollywood, writing summaries of novels and periodical literature for potential screenplays. Although she found the job rather dull, it created many opportunities for her to meet a greater range of creative people while she became involved in more political and artistic scenes during that time. While there she met and fell in love with mystery writer Dashiell Hammett. She divorced Kober and\",\n \"title\": \"Lillian Hellman\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1668688\",\n \"text\": \"had belonged to the Communist Party. As a playwright, Hellman had many successes on Broadway, including \\\"Watch on the Rhine\\\", \\\"The Autumn Garden\\\", \\\"Toys in the Attic\\\", \\\"Another Part of the Forest\\\", \\\"The Children's Hour\\\" and \\\"The Little Foxes\\\". She adapted her semi-autobiographical play \\\"The Little Foxes\\\" into a screenplay, which starred Bette Davis and received an Academy Award nomination in 1942. Hellman was romantically involved with fellow writer and political activist Dashiell Hammett, author of the classic detective novels \\\"The Maltese Falcon\\\" and \\\"The Thin Man\\\", who also was blacklisted for 10 years until his death in 1961. The\",\n \"title\": \"Lillian Hellman\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13348561\",\n \"text\": \"anthropological insights into the nature of man and how one person can be a catalyst for good in an overwhelmingly materialistic world. A member of the International Association of Crime Writers (IACW), Staecker twice chaired the Hammett Prize Reading Committee. The Hammett Prize, named for Dashiel Hammett, author of \\\"The Maltese Falcon\\\" and \\\"The Thin Man\\\", among other works, is awarded annually. The Lady Gangster: A Sailor’s Memoir (2009) Sailor Man: The Troubled Life and Times of J.P. Nunnally, USN (2015) The Muted Mermaid (2008) Shaved Ice (2008) Chocolate Soup (2010) Tales of Tomasewski (2012) More Tomasewski (2014) One Good\",\n \"title\": \"Del Staecker\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4530916\",\n \"text\": \"double homage: first to Dashiell Hammett (\\\"Miles Archer\\\" was the name of Sam Spade's murdered partner in \\\"The Maltese Falcon\\\" ), while Lew Wallace was the author of the novel \\\"\\\" (1880). \\\"The Galton Case\\\" is the eighth novel in the Lew Archer detective series written by Ross Macdonald and published by Alfred A. Knopf, Inc. in 1959. The lead character is hired to find the Galton fortune's lost heir. Archer finds a series of murders, web of secrets and deception. From the back of the 1983 Bantam edition: Rich boy Anthony Galton had dropped out of sight more than\",\n \"title\": \"Lew Archer\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8779939\",\n \"text\": \"the early life of one of those heroes: Dashiell Hammett, the originator of the hard-boiled crime novel. As a Pinkerton Agency detective, Hammett investigated the rape and manslaughter case against early Hollywood star Roscoe Arbuckle, one of the most sensational trials of the 20th Century. Atkins' 2010 novel \\\"Infamous\\\" is based on the 1933 Charles Urschel kidnapping and subsequent misadventures of the gangster spouses George \\\"Machine Gun\\\" and Kathryn Kelly. In 2011 Atkins was selected by the estate of Robert B. Parker to take over writing the Spenser series of novels. \\\"The Boston Globe\\\" wrote that while some people might\",\n \"title\": \"Ace Atkins\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2256400\",\n \"text\": \"Donald Hamilton Donald Bengtsson Hamilton (March 24, 1916 – November 20, 2006) was an American writer of novels, short stories, and non-fiction about the outdoors. His novels consist mostly of paperback originals, principally spy fiction, but also crime fiction and westerns, such as \\\"The Big Country\\\". He is best known for his long-running Matt Helm series (1960-1993), which chronicles the adventures of an undercover counter-agent/assassin working for a secret American government agency. The noted critic Anthony Boucher wrote: \\\"Donald Hamilton has brought to the spy novel the authentic hard realism of Dashiell Hammett; and his stories are as compelling, and\",\n \"title\": \"Donald Hamilton\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1292587\",\n \"text\": \"the bantering, romantically involved detective duo has become a well-used trope in literature, stage, screen, and television ever since. The characters first appear in Dashiell Hammett's best-selling last novel \\\"The Thin Man\\\" (1934). Nick is an alcoholic former private detective who retired when he married Nora, a wealthy Nob Hill heiress. Hammett reportedly modeled Nora on his longtime partner Lillian Hellman, and the characters' boozy, flippant dialogue on their relationship. (The novel also mentions that Nick was once a Pinkerton detective, as was Hammett.) The novel is considered one of the seminal texts of the hard-boiled subgenre of mystery novels,\",\n \"title\": \"Nick and Nora Charles\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8404037\",\n \"text\": \"Berrell. Most of the original American episodes have not survived. The Fat Man (radio) The Fat Man, a popular radio show during the 1940s and early 1950s was a detective drama created by (or at least credited to) Dashiell Hammett, author of \\\"The Thin Man\\\". It starred J. Scott Smart in the title role, as a detective who started out anonymous but rapidly acquired the name 'Brad Runyon'. Broadcast from the studios of WJZ in Newark, New Jersey, the series premiered on the ABC Radio Network on Monday, January 21, 1946, at 8:30 p.m., as part of a block of\",\n \"title\": \"The Fat Man (radio)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6757284\",\n \"text\": \"Edmund Crispin (1921-1978), Cyril Hare (1900-1958), and many more. Dame Ngaio Marsh (1895–1982), was a New Zealander but was also British, as was her detective Roderick Alleyn. Georges Simenon was from Belgium and wrote in French; his detective, Jules Maigret, was a Frenchman. Some writers, such as Mary Roberts Rinehart, S. S. Van Dine, Earl Derr Biggers, John Dickson Carr, Ellery Queen, Erle Stanley Gardner and Elizabeth Daley , were American but had similar styles. Others, such as Raymond Chandler, Dashiell Hammett, and James M. Cain, had a more hard-boiled, American style. Christie, Sayers, Allingham and Marsh are often described\",\n \"title\": \"Golden Age of Detective Fiction\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"100805\",\n \"text\": \"and injustice surrounding the criminals, not the circumstances behind the crime. Very often, no actual mystery even existed: the books simply revolved around justice being served to those who deserved harsh treatment, which was described in explicit detail.\\\" The overall theme these writers portrayed reflected \\\"the changing face of America itself.\\\" In the 1930s, the private eye genre was adopted wholeheartedly by American writers. One of the primary contributors to this style was Dashiell Hammett with his famous private investigator character, Sam Spade. His style of crime fiction came to be known as \\\"hardboiled\\\", which is described as a genre\",\n \"title\": \"Detective fiction\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2989686\",\n \"text\": \"translated into 21 languages. His direct inspirations include the detective fiction of Dashiell Hammett, Graham Greene and Raymond Chandler. Mosley's fame increased in 1992 when presidential candidate Bill Clinton, a fan of murder mysteries, named Mosley as one of his favorite authors. Mosley made publishing history in 1997 by foregoing an advance to give the manuscript of \\\"Gone Fishin' \\\" to a small, independent publisher, Black Classic Press in Baltimore, run by former Black Panther Paul Coates. His first published book, \\\"Devil in a Blue Dress\\\", was the basis of a 1995 movie starring Denzel Washington. The world premiere of\",\n \"title\": \"Walter Mosley\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1291116\",\n \"text\": \"The murderer is revealed to be David (the mysterious \\\"Anderson\\\"), who has harbored a vengeful hatred of Selma after she passed him over and married Robert. The case solved, and once again traveling by train, Nora reveals to Nick that they are expecting a baby, although Nick has to be prodded into putting the \\\"clues\\\" together and she comments: \\\"And you call yourself a detective.\\\" The cast is listed in order as documented by the American Film Institute. Cast note: The film's story was written by Dashiell Hammett, based on his characters Nick and Nora, but not a particular novel\",\n \"title\": \"After the Thin Man\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3067389\",\n \"text\": \"no one was apprehended or prosecuted for Little's murder there have been a number of speculations. The author Dashiell Hammett was working as a strikebreaker in Butte for Pinkerton's, and (allegedly) turned down an offer of $5,000 to assassinate Little. Hammett later made use of his experiences in Butte to write \\\"Red Harvest\\\". 'In her memoirs Lillian Hellman, Hammett's companion, said he told her he was offered to murder Little. \\\"Through the years he was to repeat that bribe offer so many times that I came to believe … that it was a kind of key to his life. He\",\n \"title\": \"Frank Little (unionist)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9966543\",\n \"text\": \"co-wrote Universal's \\\"The Fat Man\\\" (1951), which starred J. Scott Smart as the obese detective Brad Runyon, a role he had played on radio since 1946. (The series was developed especially for radio by Dashiell Hammett, creator of \\\"The Thin Man\\\", but as he had just been jailed for refusing to co-operate with the House of Representatives' Committee on Un-American Activities, Hammett's name was conspicuous by its absence on the screen credits of \\\"The Fat Man\\\".) Another sign of those paranoid times was that Essex and Earl Felton received screenplay credit on \\\"The Las Vegas Story\\\" (1952), but not their\",\n \"title\": \"Harry Essex\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8404033\",\n \"text\": \"The Fat Man (radio) The Fat Man, a popular radio show during the 1940s and early 1950s was a detective drama created by (or at least credited to) Dashiell Hammett, author of \\\"The Thin Man\\\". It starred J. Scott Smart in the title role, as a detective who started out anonymous but rapidly acquired the name 'Brad Runyon'. Broadcast from the studios of WJZ in Newark, New Jersey, the series premiered on the ABC Radio Network on Monday, January 21, 1946, at 8:30 p.m., as part of a block of four new programs (\\\"I Deal in Crime\\\", \\\"Forever Tops\\\", and\",\n \"title\": \"The Fat Man (radio)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8565830\",\n \"text\": \"Série noire Série noire is a French publishing imprint, founded in 1945 by Marcel Duhamel. It has released a collection of crime fiction of the hardboiled detective thrillers variety published by Gallimard. Anglo-American literature forms the bulk of their collection: it features especially Raymond Chandler, Dashiell Hammett, Horace McCoy, William R. Burnett, Ed McBain, Chester Himes, Lou Cameron, Jim Thompson, Rene Brabazon Raymond (under his pseudonym James Hadley Chase) and Peter Cheney. Books from the series were adapted into episodes on the 1984 television series of the same name. This name became a generic term for works of detective, and\",\n \"title\": \"Série noire\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1292543\",\n \"text\": \"He wrote scenes that seemed never to have been written before. In 1929 and 1930, he was romantically involved with Nell Martin, a writer of short stories and several novels. He dedicated \\\"The Glass Key\\\" to her, and in turn, she dedicated her novel \\\"Lovers Should Marry\\\" to him. In 1931, Hammett embarked on a 30-year romantic relationship with the playwright Lillian Hellman. Though he sporadically continued to work on material, he wrote his final novel in 1934, more than 25 years before his death. Why he moved away from fiction is not certain; Hellman speculated in a posthumous collection\",\n \"title\": \"Dashiell Hammett\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13453733\",\n \"text\": \"Joe Gores Joseph Nicholas \\\"Joe\\\" Gores (born December 25, 1931, in Rochester, Minnesota, United States; died January 10, 2011, in Greenbrae, California) was an American mystery writer. He was known best for his novels and short stories set in San Francisco and featuring the fictional \\\"Dan Kearney and Associates\\\" (the \\\"DKA Files\\\") private investigation firm specializing in repossessing cars, a thinly veiled escalation of his own experiences as a confidential sleuth and repo man. Gores was also recognized for his novels \\\"Hammett\\\" (1975; made into the 1982 film \\\"Hammett\\\"), \\\"Spade & Archer\\\" (the 2009 prequel to Dashiell Hammett's \\\"The Maltese\",\n \"title\": \"Joe Gores\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9539482\",\n \"text\": \"Bloodsimple Bloodsimple was an American heavy metal band from New York City that formed in 2002. They were signed to Warner Bros. Records. The band's name comes from a term coined by detective novelist Dashiell Hammett. The term apparently describes the addled, fearful mindset people are in after a prolonged immersion in violent situations. The term was coined in the novel \\\"Red Harvest\\\", which is also the title of Bloodsimple's second album. Bloodsimple formed in 2002, originally under the name Fix 8, and featured former Vision of Disorder members vocalist Tim Williams and guitarist Mike Kennedy, along with ex-Piece Dogs,\",\n \"title\": \"Bloodsimple\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7989892\",\n \"text\": \"automobile accident. A puzzling codicil to the Russells' will, a break-in at the family house, and a failed attempt on Mary's life quickly draw Holmes and eventually Mary into an investigation of the real cause of her parents' death. Holmes and Russell team up with a former Pinkerton agent Dashiell Hammett, several residents of Chinatown, and a cast of irregulars to solve the mystery that has plagued Mary for ten years. On their way back to Britain from India, Holmes and Russell stop at Russell's childhood home in San Francisco. As they approach San Francisco, Russell becomes more and more\",\n \"title\": \"Locked Rooms\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1167480\",\n \"text\": \"World War II, the village had taken on the appearance that it bears today. Pleasantville merits interest for its literary history. Playwright Lillian Hellman (\\\"The Children's Hour,\\\" \\\"The Little Foxes\\\") bought Hardscrabble Farm on the western outskirts of Pleasantville and lived there in the 1940s and 1950s. For many years author Dashiell Hammett (\\\"The Thin Man,\\\" \\\"The Maltese Falcon\\\"), with whom Hellman was romantically involved, lived and worked at Hardscrabble Farm. DeWitt Wallace and Lila Bell Wallace, co-founders of \\\"Reader's Digest\\\", made Pleasantville their headquarters in 1922, using a converted garage and pony shed on Eastview Avenue as their office\",\n \"title\": \"Pleasantville, New York\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15707130\",\n \"text\": \"Vintage Crime/Black Lizard Vintage Crime/Black Lizard is the corporate amalgamation of Random House's Vintage Crime, and Random House's 1990 acquisition, Black Lizard, a major publisher of classic crime fiction. Vintage Crime/Black Lizard was founded in June 1990 after Random House's acquisition of Black Lizard, the publishing company created by Donald S. Ellis and Barry Gifford. Before the acquisition Vintage Books was publishing the work of American mystery-authors such as Dashiell Hammett, James M. Cain and Raymond Chandler under Vintage Crime. As a result of the unification Random House came into the possession of the literature of Jim Thompson, and David\",\n \"title\": \"Vintage Crime/Black Lizard\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11317\",\n \"text\": \"Agatha Christie Dame Agatha Mary Clarissa Christie, Lady Mallowan, (née Miller; 15 September 1890 – 12 January 1976) was an English writer. She is known for her 66 detective novels and 14 short story collections, particularly those revolving around her fictional detectives Hercule Poirot and Miss Marple. Christie also wrote the world's longest-running play, a murder mystery, \\\"The Mousetrap\\\", and, under the pen name Mary Westmacott, six romances. In 1971 she was appointed a Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire (DBE) for her contribution to literature. Christie was born into a wealthy upper-middle-class family in Torquay, Devon.\",\n \"title\": \"Agatha Christie\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1664831\",\n \"text\": \"Cornell Woolrich Cornell George Hopley-Woolrich (December 4, 1903 – September 25, 1968) was an American novelist and short story writer who wrote using the name Cornell Woolrich, and sometimes the pseudonyms William Irish and George Hopley. His biographer, Francis Nevins Jr., rated Woolrich the fourth best crime writer of his day, behind Dashiell Hammett, Erle Stanley Gardner and Raymond Chandler. A check of film titles reveals that more film noir screenplays were adapted from works by Woolrich than any other crime novelist, and many of his stories were adapted during the 1940s for \\\"Suspense\\\" and other dramatic radio programs. Woolrich\",\n \"title\": \"Cornell Woolrich\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"708363\",\n \"text\": \"The Maltese Falcon (novel) The Maltese Falcon is a 1930 detective novel by American writer Dashiell Hammett, originally serialized in the magazine \\\"Black Mask\\\" beginning with the September 1929 issue. The story is told entirely in external third-person narrative; there is no description whatever of any character's internal thoughts or feelings, only what they say and do, and how they look. The novel has been adapted several times for the cinema. The main character, Sam Spade (who also appeared later in some lesser-known short stories), was a departure from Hammett's nameless detective, The Continental Op. Spade combined several features of\",\n \"title\": \"The Maltese Falcon (novel)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"346393\",\n \"text\": \"Parker). All but \\\"Playback\\\" have been made into motion pictures, some more than once. In the year before his death, he was elected president of the Mystery Writers of America. Chandler had an immense stylistic influence on American popular literature. He is considered to be a founder of the hard-boiled school of detective fiction, along with Dashiell Hammett, James M. Cain and other \\\"Black Mask\\\" writers. The protagonist of his novels, Philip Marlowe, like Hammett's Sam Spade, is considered by some to be synonymous with \\\"private detective\\\". Both were played in films by Humphrey Bogart, whom many consider to be\",\n \"title\": \"Raymond Chandler\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9539496\",\n \"text\": \"song \\\"Dead Man Walking\\\" was featured on the video game \\\"WWE Smackdown vs Raw 2009\\\". In October 2008, Vision of Disorder reformed to record a new album. Final lineup Former members Live musicians Mourning Grey 2007 Interview with Tim Williams of Bloodsimple Bloodsimple Bloodsimple was an American heavy metal band from New York City that formed in 2002. They were signed to Warner Bros. Records. The band's name comes from a term coined by detective novelist Dashiell Hammett. The term apparently describes the addled, fearful mindset people are in after a prolonged immersion in violent situations. The term was coined\",\n \"title\": \"Bloodsimple\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4608086\",\n \"text\": \"Robert Crais Robert Crais (pronounced to rhyme with 'chase') (born June 20, 1953) is an American author of detective fiction. Crais began his career writing scripts for television shows such as \\\"Hill Street Blues\\\", \\\"Cagney & Lacey\\\", \\\"Quincy\\\", \\\"Miami Vice\\\" and \\\"L.A. Law\\\". His writing is influenced by Raymond Chandler, Dashiell Hammett, Ernest Hemingway, Robert B. Parker and John Steinbeck. Crais has won numerous awards for his crime novels. Lee Child has cited him in interviews as one of his favourite American crime writers. The novels of Robert Crais have been published in 62 countries and are bestsellers around the\",\n \"title\": \"Robert Crais\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"585578\",\n \"text\": \"Pinkerton in a Season 2 episode of \\\"Drunk History\\\". Pinkerton is also a recurring character in the 2014 series \\\"The Pinkertons\\\", played by Angus Macfadyen. Pinkerton is also portrayed in an episode of \\\"The Life and Times of Grizzly Adams\\\", by Don Galloway (1937-2009), and in the 1994 American biographical western film \\\"Frank and Jesse\\\" by William Atherton. In but in these cases, as in the others, he seems to be portrayed with an American accent, although he was Scottish by birth, and may still have retained his Scots accent. Hardboiled crime fiction writer Dashiell Hammett was employed by the\",\n \"title\": \"Allan Pinkerton\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1668657\",\n \"text\": \"turned the magazine into an outlet for the growing school of naturalistic crime writers led by Carroll John Daly. Daly's private detective Race Williams was a rough-and-ready character with a sharp tongue, establishing a model for many later acerbic private eyes. \\\"Black Mask\\\" later published stories by the profoundly influential Dashiell Hammett, creator of Sam Spade and The Continental Op, and other hardboiled writers who came in his wake, such as Raymond Chandler, Erle Stanley Gardner, Paul Cain, Frederick Nebel, Frederick C. Davis, Raoul F. Whitfield, Theodore Tinsley, Todhunter Ballard (as W.T. Ballard), Dwight V. Babcock, and Roger Torrey. The\",\n \"title\": \"Black Mask (magazine)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9506749\",\n \"text\": \"all of the buildings in the neighborhood were destroyed by the 1906 earthquake and the backfires that were set by firefighters to contain the devastation. The area was immediately rebuilt with some hotels opening by 1907 and apartment buildings shortly thereafter, including the historic Cadillac Hotel. By the 1920s, the neighborhood was notorious for its gambling, billiard halls, boxing gyms, \\\"speakeasies\\\", theaters, restaurants and other nightlife depicted in the hard boiled detective fiction of Dashiell Hammett, who lived at 891 Post Street, the apartment he gave to Sam Spade in \\\"The Maltese Falcon\\\". Also around this time, due to Red\",\n \"title\": \"Tenderloin, San Francisco\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8865603\",\n \"text\": \"(Tess Harper)'s then-boyfriend (Joe Henry) with a shovel because she caught him sexually abusing Emily (Episode 19). They buried him in the woods next to the cabin and eventually grew distant from each other. Samantha learns that as a result of this abuse, Emily had a son, Randy, who now has cancer so she sought a bone marrow donor. Sam is not a match but her mother is a possibility. Spade received her name because her mother was a fan of fictional detective Sam Spade from \\\"The Maltese Falcon\\\", created by Dashiell Hammett. Samantha Spade Special Agent Samantha \\\"Sam\\\" Spade\",\n \"title\": \"Samantha Spade\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7493142\",\n \"text\": \"leave, Spade calls the police and tells them where to pick up the pair. Spade then angrily confronts O'Shaughnessy, telling her he knows she killed Archer to implicate Thursby, her unwanted accomplice. She confesses, but begs Spade to not turn her over to the police. Despite his feelings for her, Spade gives O'Shaughnessy up. Though Hammett had once worked as a private detective for the Pinkerton Detective Agency in San Francisco (and used his birth name \\\"Samuel\\\" for the story's protagonist), he wrote of the book's main character in 1934: Spade has no original. He is a dream man in\",\n \"title\": \"The Maltese Falcon (1941 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"154142\",\n \"text\": \"be easily adapted from it. The gun-type and implosion-type designs were codenamed \\\"Thin Man\\\" and \\\"Fat Man\\\" respectively. These code names were created by Robert Serber, a former student of Oppenheimer's who worked on the Manhattan Project. He chose them based on their design shapes; the Thin Man was a very long device, and the name came from the Dashiell Hammett detective novel \\\"The Thin Man\\\" and series of movies. The Fat Man was round and fat and was named after Sydney Greenstreet's character in \\\"The Maltese Falcon\\\". Little Boy came last as a variation of Thin Man. Neddermeyer discarded\",\n \"title\": \"Fat Man\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6385384\",\n \"text\": \"government archives—if not their own lawful identity, then one appropriated from a person no longer using it. In the 21st century, advances in technology have made ghosting increasingly difficult to achieve, while governments have increased the penalties for those who get caught. Dashiell Hammett's novel \\\"The Maltese Falcon\\\" (1930) recounts the story, apparently based on a true case, of a businessman named Flitcraft who spontaneously abandons his career and his marriage, abruptly moving to another city and inventing another identity. If this incident did indeed occur in the 1920s or earlier, Flitcraft would have encountered little difficulty in establishing a\",\n \"title\": \"Ghosting (identity theft)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4106207\",\n \"text\": \"“loitering while walking, or walking down the street with no clear destination or purpose”, and was used by police to stop and interview counterculture \\\"hippies\\\" who were regarded as unsavory. Some of those arrested were aggressively prosecuted by public prosecutor Karl T. Chrastan. In discussions of law, \\\"mopery\\\" is used as a placeholder name to mean some crime whose nature is not important to the problem at hand. This is sometimes expanded to \\\"mopery with intent to creep\\\" or \\\"mopery with intent to gawk\\\". The word \\\"mopery\\\" has been used by authors Thomas Pynchon \\\"(Gravity's Rainbow)\\\" and Dashiell Hammett \\\"(The\",\n \"title\": \"Mopery\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15649051\",\n \"text\": \"Roadhouse Nights Roadhouse Nights is a 1930 American Pre-Code gangster film. A number of sources including Sally Cline in her book \\\"Dashiell Hammett Man of Mystery\\\" claim it is based on the classic novel \\\"Red Harvest\\\" written by Dashiell Hammett (author of \\\"The Maltese Falcon\\\", \\\"The Thin Man\\\", and \\\"The Glass Key\\\"). However the credits of the film itself say only \\\"An Original Screenplay by Ben Hecht.\\\" Hammett receives no mention at all (and the plots are not similar). The movie, an unusual amalgam of musical comedy and gangster melodrama, was directed by Hobart Henley, stars Helen Morgan, Charles Ruggles,\",\n \"title\": \"Roadhouse Nights\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"782507\",\n \"text\": \"Several authors excelled, after successfully misleading their readers, in revealing an unlikely suspect as the real villain of the story. They often had a predilection for certain casts of characters and settings, with the secluded English country house at the top of the list. One reaction to the conventionality of British murder mysteries was American \\\"hard-boiled\\\" crime fiction, epitomized by the writings of Raymond Chandler, Dashiell Hammett and Mickey Spillane, among others. Though the settings were grittier, the violence more abundant and the style more colloquial, plots were, as often as not, whodunits constructed in much the same way as\",\n \"title\": \"Whodunit\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13024920\",\n \"text\": \"Fratricide, and Fear in the Middle East\\\" in 2004 (Free Press), about Israeli and Palestinian societies. \\\"The New York Times\\\" called \\\"The Collaborator of Bethlehem\\\", the first of his Palestinian crime novels about Bethlehem sleuth Omar Yussef, \\\"an astonishing first novel.\\\" \\\"'Le Figaro\\\" called the book \\\"a masterpiece.\\\" Rees's writing has been compared with the work of Graham Greene, John Le Carre, Georges Simenon and Henning Mankell. The French magazine L'Express called him \\\"the Dashiell Hammett of Palestine.\\\" Rees's books have sold in 25 languages. Rees was born in Newport, Wales. As a journalist, Rees covered the Middle East and\",\n \"title\": \"Matt Rees\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6059689\",\n \"text\": \"rights to the Dashiell Hammett novel \\\"The Maltese Falcon\\\", economical Warner Bros. executives decided to film another version of the book and assigned contract writer Brown Holmes to pen the screenplay. Showing little regard for the original material, Holmes converted its object of desire - a jewel-encrusted statuette of a falcon - into a ram's horn filled with precious gems, changed character names (Sam Spade became \\\"Ted Shane\\\"), altered the sex of one of the criminal masterminds from male to female, and retitled the story, first to \\\"The Man in the Black Hat\\\" and then \\\"Men on Her Mind\\\". Filming\",\n \"title\": \"Satan Met a Lady\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1292542\",\n \"text\": \"era. \\\"I distrust a man that says when. If he's got to be careful not to drink too much, it's because he's not to be trusted when he does\\\". Raymond Chandler, often considered Hammett's successor, summarized his accomplishments in \\\"The Simple Art of Murder\\\": Hammett was the ace performer... He is said to have lacked heart; yet the story he himself thought the most of, \\\"The Glass Key\\\", is the record of a man's devotion to a friend. He was spare, frugal, hard-boiled, but he did over and over again what only the best writers can ever do at all.\",\n \"title\": \"Dashiell Hammett\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2408568\",\n \"text\": \"Anthony Boucher Anthony Boucher (; born William Anthony Parker White; August 21, 1911 – April 29, 1968) was an American author, critic, and editor, who wrote several classic mystery novels, short stories, science fiction, and radio dramas. Between 1942 and 1947 he acted as reviewer of mostly mystery fiction for the \\\"San Francisco Chronicle\\\". In addition to \\\"Anthony Boucher\\\", White also employed the pseudonym \\\"H. H. Holmes\\\", which was the pseudonym of a late-19th-century American serial killer; Boucher would also write light verse and sign it \\\"Herman W. Mudgett\\\" (another of the murderer's aliases). In a 1981 poll of 17\",\n \"title\": \"Anthony Boucher\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18482070\",\n \"text\": \"clerk at Gimbels. He then found work as a theatrical press agent for the Shubert brothers, Jed Harris, Herman Shumlin, and Ruth Draper. Kober married Lillian Hellman on December 31, 1925. During their marriage, they often lived apart. They divorced in 1932, after Hellman had started a relationship with Dashiell Hammett. He later married Margaret Frohnknecht in 1941, who died in 1951. They had one daughter, Catherine. Kober began writing humorous short fiction for \\\"The New Yorker\\\" in 1926 and became a prolific contributor. Many of his characters, such as the husband-hunter Bella Gross, were based on his Jewish upbringing\",\n \"title\": \"Arthur Kober\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1616378\",\n \"text\": \"names of the protagonists to Philip Marlowe. His first two stories, \\\"Blackmailers Don't Shoot\\\" and \\\"Smart-Aleck Kill\\\" (with a detective named Mallory), were never altered in print but did join the others as Marlowe cases for the television series \\\"Philip Marlowe, Private Eye\\\". Marlowe's character is foremost within the genre of hardboiled crime fiction that originated in the 1920s, notably in \\\"Black Mask\\\" magazine, in which Dashiell Hammett's The Continental Op and Sam Spade first appeared. Underneath the wisecracking, hard-drinking, tough private eye, Marlowe is quietly contemplative and philosophical and enjoys chess and poetry. While he is not afraid to\",\n \"title\": \"Philip Marlowe\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19616863\",\n \"text\": \"and remained until 12 April 1947. The British Mission ended when he departed. In 1943, development efforts were directed to a gun-type fission weapon using plutonium called Thin Man. The names for all three atomic bomb design projects—Fat Man, Thin Man, and Little Boy—were created by Serber, who chose them based on their design shapes. Thin Man was a long device, and its name came from the Dashiell Hammett detective novel and series of movies of the same name. The Fat Man was round and fat, and was named after Sydney Greenstreet's \\\"Kasper Gutman\\\" character in \\\"The Maltese Falcon\\\". Little\",\n \"title\": \"Project Y\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3677491\",\n \"text\": \"complains about contrivances and formulas and an inability to move beyond them. The classic detective story \\\"has learned nothing and forgotten nothing.\\\" Chandler reserves his praise for Dashiell Hammett. Although Chandler and Hammett were contemporaries and grouped as the founders of the hard-boiled school, Chandler speaks of Hammett as the \\\"one individual... picked out to represent the whole movement,\\\" noting Hammett's mastery of the \\\"American language\\\", his adherence to reality, and that he \\\"gave murder back to the kind of people that commit it for reasons, not just to provide a corpse.\\\" Chandler concludes his essay by moving from reality\",\n \"title\": \"The Simple Art of Murder\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4169693\",\n \"text\": \"the Red Channels book, he was not invited to play the role when the series made the switch to NBC in 1950. In 1961 \\\"Broadcasting\\\" reported that Four Star Productions planned to film a \\\"Sam Spade\\\" television pilot with Peter Falk in the title role, but no such series ever arrived on TV. The different incarnations of the series were: The Adventures of Sam Spade The Adventures of Sam Spade, Detective was a radio series based loosely on the private detective character Sam Spade, created by writer Dashiell Hammett for \\\"The Maltese Falcon\\\". The show ran for 13 episodes on\",\n \"title\": \"The Adventures of Sam Spade\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14393954\",\n \"text\": \"several other American authors including Mark Twain and Dashiell Hammett. Twain wrote in his \\\"Tom Sawyer Abroad\\\": “We took him a blip in the back and knocked him off.” Hammett’s usage, in \\\"The Maltese Falcon\\\", expanded the definition to include murder: “You could have blipped them both.” However, for reasons unknown, this older definition was discarded on the advent of modern radar systems in favor of one which remains in use today: a point of light on a radar screen to locate a searched for object. The definition received a further update when, in 2009, two companies independently began using\",\n \"title\": \"Blip (internet)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1473906\",\n \"text\": \"period were Fredric Brown, Paul Chadwick and, to a certain extent, Cornell Woolrich, although these writers tended to rarely use the Private Eye protagonists that many associate with pulp fiction. Quite a few comic book impossible crimes seem to draw on the \\\"weird menace\\\" tradition of the pulps. However, celebrated writers such as G. K. Chesterton, Arthur Conan Doyle, Clayton Rawson, and Sax Rohmer have had their works adapted to comic book form. In 1934, Dashiell Hammett created the comic strip \\\"Secret Agent X9\\\", illustrated by Alex Raymond, which contained a locked-room episode, albeit a rather feeble one. One American\",\n \"title\": \"Locked-room mystery\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9136652\",\n \"text\": \"that crime fiction is at best merely escapist fare. Ellin identifies not only with Dashiell Hammett, Raymond Chandler, Agatha Christie, and Arthur Conan Doyle but also with Fyodor Dostoevski and William Faulkner, who also dealt with the theme of crime and punishment.\\\" Art Taylor, a writer of stories for such venues as \\\"Ellery Queen's Mystery Magazine\\\" and a reviewer for the \\\"Washington Post Book World\\\" and other periodicals, wrote that \\\"what has given Ellin such lasting renown in the pantheon of short story writers is surely the precision of his plotting: the clockwork accuracy by which each element of a\",\n \"title\": \"Stanley Ellin\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12543343\",\n \"text\": \"Eugene Izzi Eugene Izzi (March 23, 1953 – December 7, 1996) was an American crime writer. Izzi, a lifelong resident of Chicago, set most of his work in that city. He wrote in the classic hard-boiled style made famous by Mickey Spillane and Dashiell Hammett. Despite moderate popularity, he is best known for the unusual circumstances surrounding his death. Although few details are known of Izzi's early life, most accounts describe a trouble-prone youth. Izzi himself dropped out of high school and enlisted in the army. During his military service, Izzi completed his high school equivalency degree. Upon his return\",\n \"title\": \"Eugene Izzi\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"714961\",\n \"text\": \"he almost takes the life of someone who knows too much. Cast notes: The film was based on the novel of the same name by Dashiell Hammett, released in January 1934. Hammett's novel drew on his experiences as a union-busting Pinkerton detective in Butte, Montana. Hammett based Nick and Nora's banter upon his rocky on-again, off-again relationship with playwright Lillian Hellman. MGM paid Hammett $21,000 for the screen rights to the novel. The screenplay was written by Albert Hackett and Frances Goodrich, who had been married for three years. Director W.S. Van Dyke encouraged them to use Hammett's writing as\",\n \"title\": \"The Thin Man (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3194305\",\n \"text\": \"The Continental Op The Continental Op is a fictional character created by Dashiell Hammett. He is a private investigator employed as an operative of the Continental Detective Agency's San Francisco office. The stories are all told in the first person and his name is never mentioned. The Continental Op is a master of deceit in the exercise of his occupation. In his 1927 \\\"Black Mask\\\" story \\\"$106,000 Blood Money\\\" the Op is confronted with two dilemmas: shall he expose a corrupt fellow detective, thereby hurting the reputation of his agency; and shall he also allow an informant to collect the\",\n \"title\": \"The Continental Op\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15649053\",\n \"text\": \"Prohibition-era entertainment, with a reasonably \\\"straight\\\" performance from comic actor Ruggles and a few songs from Helen Morgan. Roadhouse Nights Roadhouse Nights is a 1930 American Pre-Code gangster film. A number of sources including Sally Cline in her book \\\"Dashiell Hammett Man of Mystery\\\" claim it is based on the classic novel \\\"Red Harvest\\\" written by Dashiell Hammett (author of \\\"The Maltese Falcon\\\", \\\"The Thin Man\\\", and \\\"The Glass Key\\\"). However the credits of the film itself say only \\\"An Original Screenplay by Ben Hecht.\\\" Hammett receives no mention at all (and the plots are not similar). The movie, an\",\n \"title\": \"Roadhouse Nights\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15960690\",\n \"text\": \"Waters, Chick Corea, Al Di Meola, and Larry Coryell, among others. Still haunted by the murder of a fifteen-year-old girl near his home as a boy, Ellis's interest in crime fiction began to evolve with the films of Alfred Hitchcock and books by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, John Buchan, and Dashiell Hammett. Soon he gave up music to write and study filmmaking, and began skipping classes at Conestoga High School to attend murder trials. These experiences became short stories, with Ellis sharing the position of co-editor of the school newspaper. Ellis attended Ohio University in Athens, Ohio, majoring in film\",\n \"title\": \"Robert Ellis (author)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9783436\",\n \"text\": \"of the same title by MGM in 1930. She was at one time the lover of the mystery writer Dashiell Hammett and he dedicated his 1931 novel \\\"The Glass Key\\\" to her. She was married to Ashley Weed Dickinson, a journalist and author. Martin wrote eight novels and over 200 short stories. Her novels include: Nell Martin Nell Martin (1890–1961) was an American author from Illinois specializing in light-hearted mysteries and short stories. She also published under Columbia Boyer and her full name Nell Columbia Boyer Martin. Having worked as a strawberry picker, newspaper reporter, taxi-cab driver, lawyer's assistant, laundry\",\n \"title\": \"Nell Martin\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12543349\",\n \"text\": \"a white supremacist group and was planning to detail their activities in a future book. In addition, the bizarre scene is said to resemble one portrayed in the unfinished manuscript. All United States publication dates are per Library Of Congress catalog. Eugene Izzi Eugene Izzi (March 23, 1953 – December 7, 1996) was an American crime writer. Izzi, a lifelong resident of Chicago, set most of his work in that city. He wrote in the classic hard-boiled style made famous by Mickey Spillane and Dashiell Hammett. Despite moderate popularity, he is best known for the unusual circumstances surrounding his death.\",\n \"title\": \"Eugene Izzi\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6090334\",\n \"text\": \"tells Brendan that Emily expressed regret that she couldn't keep her pregnancy because she did not love the prospective father, and that Emily was three months pregnant when she died, implying that the baby was his. Brendan watches Laura walk away. The origins of \\\"Brick\\\" were Rian Johnson's obsessions with Dashiell Hammett's novels. Hammett was known for hardboiled detective novels, and Johnson wanted to make a straightforward American detective story. He had discovered Hammett's work through an interview of the Coen brothers about their 1990 gangster film, \\\"Miller's Crossing\\\". He read \\\"Red Harvest\\\" (1929) and then moved on to \\\"The\",\n \"title\": \"Brick (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1417294\",\n \"text\": \"the USSR. When Lillian reaches London, she receives word that Julia has been killed in the Frankfurt apartment of a friend by Nazi agents although the details of her death are shrouded in secrecy. Lillian unsuccessfully looks for Julia's daughter in Alsace. She returns to the United States and is reunited with Dashiell Hammett. She is haunted by her memories of Julia and is distraught over not having found Julia's baby. She is shocked that Julia's family pretends not to remember Lillian, clearly wanting to excise from their memory a granddaughter who refused to conform at a time when conformity\",\n \"title\": \"Julia (1977 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13222435\",\n \"text\": \"winning author receives a certificate of merit and a falcon sculpture crafted in wood. Maltese Falcon Society The Maltese Falcon Society is an organization for admirers of Dashiell Hammett, his novel \\\"The Maltese Falcon,\\\" and hardboiled mystery books and writers in general. Founded in San Francisco in 1981, the organization is no longer active in the United States; however, a chapter in Japan has been active continuously since 1982. The Japanese branch of the society presents the Falcon Award, Japan's highest honor in the mystery field, to honor the best hardboiled mystery novel published in Japan. The Maltese Falcon Society\",\n \"title\": \"Maltese Falcon Society\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5295519\",\n \"text\": \"can't touch Dolores without destroying Mavis and her career and leaves, only to see Lagardie heading up to see her. Marlowe deduces that he was Dolores’ former husband, whom she had left for Steelgrave when they all lived in Cleveland before moving to California. Marlowe notifies the police, who are searching for Lagardie, but they arrive to find he has stabbed Dolores. Chandler, along with Dashiell Hammett, defined the hardboiled school of detective fiction, popularised in pulp magazines such as \\\"Black Mask\\\". The hardboiled school was an alternative to the traditional murder mysteries of people like Agatha Christie and Dorothy\",\n \"title\": \"The Little Sister\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3921973\",\n \"text\": \"wartime female section leader. Serber created the code-names for all three design projects, the \\\"Little Boy\\\" (uranium gun), \\\"Thin Man\\\" (plutonium gun), and \\\"Fat Man\\\" (plutonium implosion), according to his reminiscences (1998). The names were based on their design shapes; the \\\"Thin Man\\\" would be a very long device, and the name came from the Dashiell Hammett detective novel and series of movies of the same name; the \\\"Fat Man\\\" bomb would be round and fat and was named after Sydney Greenstreet's character in \\\"The Maltese Falcon\\\" (from Hammett's novel). \\\"Little Boy\\\" would come last and be named only to\",\n \"title\": \"Robert Serber\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1417291\",\n \"text\": \"such luminaries as Sigmund Freud, Lillian (Jane Fonda), a struggling writer, suffers through revisions of her play with her mentor and sometime lover, famed author Dashiell Hammett (Jason Robards), at a beachhouse. Julia's school in Vienna is overrun by Nazi thugs, and Julia is severely injured trying to protect her colleagues. Lillian receives word of Julia's condition and rushes to Vienna to be with her. Julia is taken away for \\\"treatment\\\", and Lillian is unable to find her again since the hospital denies any knowledge of her being treated there. She remains in Europe to try to find Julia again\",\n \"title\": \"Julia (1977 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1292554\",\n \"text\": \"He may have meant to start a new literary life with the novel \\\"Tulip\\\", but left it unfinished, perhaps because he was \\\"just too ill to care, too worn out to listen to plans or read contracts. The fact of breathing, just breathing, took up all the days and nights.\\\" Hammett could no longer live alone, and they both knew it, so he spent the last four years of his life with Hellman. \\\"Not all of that time was easy, and some of it very bad\\\", she wrote, but, \\\"guessing death was not too far away, I would try for\",\n \"title\": \"Dashiell Hammett\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5155925\",\n \"text\": \"The Glass Key The Glass Key is a novel by American writer Dashiell Hammett. It was first published as a serial in \\\"Black Mask\\\" magazine in 1930, then was collected in 1931 (in London; the American edition followed 3 months later) It tells the story of a gambler and racketeer, Ned Beaumont, whose devotion to Paul Madvig, a crooked political boss, leads him to investigate the murder of a local senator's son as a potential gang war brews. Hammett dedicated the novel to his onetime lover Nell Martin. There have been two US film adaptations (1935 and 1942) of the\",\n \"title\": \"The Glass Key\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8565831\",\n \"text\": \"is considered having inspired the French critic Nino Frank to create in 1946 the phrase Film noir, which describes Hollywood crime dramas. In common parlance, today, the term also means a series of dramatic events with similarities, or affecting the same victims. Série noire Série noire is a French publishing imprint, founded in 1945 by Marcel Duhamel. It has released a collection of crime fiction of the hardboiled detective thrillers variety published by Gallimard. Anglo-American literature forms the bulk of their collection: it features especially Raymond Chandler, Dashiell Hammett, Horace McCoy, William R. Burnett, Ed McBain, Chester Himes, Lou Cameron,\",\n \"title\": \"Série noire\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19998744\",\n \"text\": \"Charlie Wild, Private Detective (radio program) Charlie Wild, Private Detective is an American old-time radio detective mystery drama. It was broadcast on NBC September 24, 1950 - December 17, 1950, and on CBS January 7, 1951 - July 1, 1951. The episodes broadcast on CBS were also carried on six stations of the Alaska Broadcasting System. \\\"Charlie Wild, Private Detective\\\" replaced \\\"The Adventures of Sam Spade\\\" on the air. The change followed the listing of \\\"Sam Spade\\\"'s star (Howard Duff) and creator (Dashiell Hammett) in the anti-Communist tract \\\"Red Channels\\\". Radio historian John Dunning wrote that the association of the\",\n \"title\": \"Charlie Wild, Private Detective (radio program)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20719514\",\n \"text\": \"sold the rights to MacBride and Kennedy to Warner Bros., who made nine film adaptations. The CBS Radio series \\\"Meet MacBride\\\", beginning in 1936, was also adapted from the series. Nebel created Donny “Tough Dick” Donahue at the request of Shaw for a character similar to Dashiel Hammett’s Sam Spade. Following the huge success of \\\"The Maltese Falcon\\\", Shaw wanted more Spade stories but Hammett, a personal friend of Nebel’s, had quit the pulps for Hollywood. Donahue was an ex-cop discharged for not giving into corruption, now working for the Inter-State Detective Agency. From 1930 to 1935, Nebel wrote 15\",\n \"title\": \"Frederick Nebel\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12877289\",\n \"text\": \"Dash and Lilly Dash and Lilly is a 1999 Emmy- and Golden Globe Award-nominated biographical television film about writers Dashiell Hammett and Lillian Hellman. The film was directed by actress Kathy Bates and written by Jerrold L. Ludwig. It stars Sam Shepard and Judy Davis. The lives of Dashiell Hammett (Shepard) and Lillian Hellman (Davis) are set against the golden era of Hollywood, HUAC and the issue of McCarthyism of the 1950s. This intimate look at the lives of two of this century's literary titans follows their tumultuous affair, drinking bouts, career highs and lows, and activities in support of\",\n \"title\": \"Dash and Lilly\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13453737\",\n \"text\": \"assistant motel manager and an English teacher at a boys' school in Kenya. In his novels he used variations of the names of former associates—such as Stan Groner. According to The Thrilling Detective Web Site, \\\"He has often relied on his former occupations, particularly his stint as a private eye, to lend an air of authenticity to his work, blasting through the 'glamour' of detective work, [and] showing the drudgery and grunt work of detection.\\\" Gores died in a Marin County, California, hospital 50 years to the day after Dashiell Hammett died. Novels: Hammett Novels: DKA Novels (involving detective agency\",\n \"title\": \"Joe Gores\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2537028\",\n \"text\": \"Sam Spade Sam Spade is a fictional private detective and the protagonist of Dashiell Hammett's 1930 novel, \\\"The Maltese Falcon\\\". Spade also appeared in four lesser-known short stories by Hammett. \\\"The Maltese Falcon\\\", first published as a serial in the pulp magazine \\\"Black Mask\\\", is the only full-length novel in which Spade appears. The character, however, is widely cited as a crystallizing figure in the development of hard-boiled private detective fiction—Raymond Chandler's Philip Marlowe, for instance, was strongly influenced by Spade. Spade was a departure from Hammett's nameless and less-than-glamorous detective, The Continental Op. Spade combined several features of previous\",\n \"title\": \"Sam Spade\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13146285\",\n \"text\": \"ABC's \\\"The Rifleman\\\" with Chuck Connors. Alcaide's \\\"The Rifleman\\\" episodes aired between 1959 and 1962 and included the roles of: Alcaide also appeared in network drama series: Alcaide came out of retirement in 1982 to play an unnamed man in a corporate boardroom in the film \\\"Hammett\\\", a fictional story of author Dashiell Hammett. He appeared as the Chief Justice in the 1987 Charles Bronson film \\\"Assassination\\\". In 1948, Alcaide married Georgia Sarkisian, briefly becoming the step-father of her young daughter Cher, before their 1949 divorce. In 1956, Alcaide married the former Peri Hatman (July 27, 1923 – March 15,\",\n \"title\": \"Chris Alcaide\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14370727\",\n \"text\": \"William Deverell William Herbert Deverell (born March 4, 1937) is a Canadian novelist, activist, and criminal lawyer. He is one of Canada's best-known novelists, whose first book, \\\"Needles\\\", which drew on his experiences as a criminal lawyer, won the McClelland & Stewart $50,000 Seal Award. In 1997 he won the Dashiell Hammett Prize for literary excellence in crime writing in North America for \\\"Trail of Passion\\\". That book also won the 1998 Arthur Ellis Award for best Canadian crime novel, as did \\\"April Fool\\\" in 2003. \\\"Trial of Passion\\\" launched his first crime series, featuring the classically trained, self-doubting Arthur\",\n \"title\": \"William Deverell\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8906701\",\n \"text\": \"journalism and did not dwell on his \\\"\\\"Leave It To Beaver\\\"\\\" heritage, turning down numerous \\\"LITB\\\" reunion offers in order to be taken seriously as a reporter. But in recent years he has begun to reflect affectionately on his \\\"Beaver\\\" experience in articles and interviews and even in a \\\"Frontline\\\" documentary, \\\"Diet Wars.\\\" Talbot's many TV documentaries include two Peabody Award winners, \\\"Broken Arrow\\\", about nuclear weapons accidents, and \\\"The Case of Dashiell Hammett,\\\" a biography of the crime writer. Talbot has had a long association with the PBS series \\\"Frontline\\\" beginning with his documentary on the financing of the\",\n \"title\": \"Stephen Talbot\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5155940\",\n \"text\": \"story. He has made the reader as much interested in the relation of his individuals to each other as in the solution of the story\\\". Somerset Maugham saw in Ned Beaumont \\\"a curious, intriguing character whom any novelist would have been proud to conceive\\\" And Raymond Chandler found \\\"an effect of movement, intrigue, cross-purposes, and the gradual elucidation of character, which is all the detective story has any right to be about anyway. All the rest is spillikins in the parlor\\\". Dashiell Hammett and his novel \\\"The Glass Key\\\" have influenced many other hardboiled writers. Raymond Chandler wrote in his\",\n \"title\": \"The Glass Key\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2537033\",\n \"text\": \"both critics and audiences alike. Peter Falk delivered a more successful spoof the following year as \\\"Sam Diamond\\\" in Neil Simon's \\\"Murder by Death\\\". This was preceded by the spoof character \\\"Sam Diamond\\\" in the 1965 \\\"Addams Family\\\" episode \\\"Thing Is Missing\\\", portrayed by Tommy Farrell. In 2009, with the approval of the estate of Dashiell Hammett, the veteran detective-story writer Joe Gores published \\\"Spade & Archer: The Prequel to Dashiell Hammett's THE MALTESE FALCON\\\" with Alfred A. Knopf, the original publisher of Hammett's \\\"The Maltese Falcon\\\". Sam Spade Sam Spade is a fictional private detective and the protagonist of\",\n \"title\": \"Sam Spade\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9073512\",\n \"text\": \"Lake City.) The harassment of the young woman reflects a popular literary theme in Queen Victoria's England. In Dashiell Hammett's \\\"The Dain Curse\\\" (1929), much of the mystery puzzle revolves around the Temple of the Holy Grail, a fictitious California circle that Hammett's characters repeatedly describe as a \\\"cult\\\". Hammett depicts it as starting as a scam, although the putative leader begins to believe in his own fraudulent claims. A.E.W. Mason, in \\\"The Prisoner in the Opal\\\" (1928), one of his Inspector Hanaud mysteries, describes the unmasking of a Satanist cult. The Italian novelist Sibilla Aleramo, in \\\"Amo, dunque sono\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"New religious movements and cults in popular culture\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"708372\",\n \"text\": \"before being published in book form in 1930 by Alfred A. Knopf. The novel has been filmed four times, twice under its original title: There have been two audiobooks of the novel: There has been one stage adaptation: The Maltese Falcon (novel) The Maltese Falcon is a 1930 detective novel by American writer Dashiell Hammett, originally serialized in the magazine \\\"Black Mask\\\" beginning with the September 1929 issue. The story is told entirely in external third-person narrative; there is no description whatever of any character's internal thoughts or feelings, only what they say and do, and how they look. The\",\n \"title\": \"The Maltese Falcon (novel)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5091878\",\n \"text\": \"Blue City (novel) Blue City was a thriller written in 1947 by Ross Macdonald. The novel was originally released under his real name, Kenneth Millar, by Alfred A. Knopf, while a condensed version was serialized in the August and September 1950 issues of \\\"Esquire\\\". In 1986 it was considerably adapted to film. Macdonald later described his third novel, \\\"Blue City\\\", as \\\"a tough thriller in the Spillane tradition\\\", although \\\"The Chicago Sun\\\" noted that he was in a different league from Mickey Spillane. Publicity for the novel linked the author's name with James M. Cain, Dashiell Hammett and Raymond Chandler,\",\n \"title\": \"Blue City (novel)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4169691\",\n \"text\": \"The Adventures of Sam Spade The Adventures of Sam Spade, Detective was a radio series based loosely on the private detective character Sam Spade, created by writer Dashiell Hammett for \\\"The Maltese Falcon\\\". The show ran for 13 episodes on ABC in 1946, for 157 episodes on CBS in 1946-1949, and finally for 51 episodes on NBC in 1949-1951. The series starred Howard Duff (and later, Steve Dunne) as Sam Spade and Lurene Tuttle as his secretary Effie, and took a considerably more tongue-in-cheek approach to the character than the novel or movie. The announcer was Dick Joy. The series\",\n \"title\": \"The Adventures of Sam Spade\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3672912\",\n \"text\": \"and literary critics alike. The Lew Archer novels are recognized as some of the most significant American mystery books of the mid 20th century, bringing a literary sophistication to the genre. The critic John Leonard declared that Macdonald had surpassed the limits of crime fiction to become \\\"a major American novelist\\\". He has also been called the primary heir to Dashiell Hammett and Raymond Chandler as the master of American hardboiled mysteries. Macdonald's writing built on the pithy style of his predecessors by adding psychological depth and insights into the motivations of his characters. Their plots of \\\"baroque splendor\\\" were\",\n \"title\": \"Ross Macdonald\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1292547\",\n \"text\": \"attack on Pearl Harbor, Hammett again enlisted in the United States Army. He was a disabled veteran of World War I, a victim of tuberculosis, and a Communist, but he pulled strings to be admitted. However, biographer Diane Johnson suggests that confusion over Hammett's forenames was the reason he was able to re-enlist. He served as a sergeant in the Aleutian Islands, where he edited an Army newspaper entitled \\\"The Adakian\\\". In 1943, while still a member of the military, he co-authored \\\"The Battle of the Aleutians\\\" with Cpl. Robert Colodny, under the direction of an infantry intelligence officer, Major\",\n \"title\": \"Dashiell Hammett\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1292553\",\n \"text\": \"continued to trouble him until 1948, when he quit after his doctor's orders. However, years of heavy drinking and smoking worsened the tuberculosis he contracted in World War I, and then according to Hellman, \\\"jail had made a thin man thinner, a sick man sicker ... I knew he would now always be sick.\\\" Hellman wrote that during the 1950s, Hammett became \\\"a hermit\\\", his decline evident in the clutter of his rented \\\"ugly little country cottage\\\", where \\\"signs of sickness were all around: now the phonograph was unplayed, the typewriter untouched, the beloved foolish gadgets unopened in their packages.\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"Dashiell Hammett\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5970556\",\n \"text\": \"III called \\\"Garfield Fantasies\\\" the most unusual of the \\\"Garfield\\\" DVD collections, adding \\\"Babes and Bullets\\\" \\\"ain't exactly \\\"Sin City\\\" here, but this amusing caper is one of the best of the bunch.\\\" Author Mitzi M. Brunsdale described Sam Spayed as one of the \\\"strange spinoffs\\\" of the Sam Spade character, created by Dashiell Hammett in the novel \\\"The Maltese Falcon\\\". \\\"Turner Classic Movies\\\" identified Sam Spayed particularly as a parody of 1940s film detectives and Humphrey Bogart, who starred as Spade in the 1941 film version of \\\"The Maltese Falcon\\\". Garfield's Babes and Bullets Garfield's Babes and Bullets is\",\n \"title\": \"Garfield's Babes and Bullets\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"255990\",\n \"text\": \"another 25 Little Boy assemblies in 1947 for use by the Lockheed P2V Neptune nuclear strike aircraft which could be launched from the Midway-class aircraft carriers. All the Little Boy units were withdrawn from service by the end of January 1951. Physicist Robert Serber named the first two atomic bomb designs during World War II based on their shapes: Thin Man and Fat Man. The \\\"Thin Man\\\" was a long, thin device and its name came from the Dashiell Hammett detective novel and series of movies about \\\"The Thin Man\\\". The \\\"Fat Man\\\" was round and fat so it was\",\n \"title\": \"Little Boy\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4169692\",\n \"text\": \"was largely overseen by producer/director William Spier. In 1947, scriptwriters Jason James and Bob Tallman received an Edgar Award for Best Radio Drama from the Mystery Writers of America. Before the series, Sam Spade had been played in radio adaptations of \\\"The Maltese Falcon\\\" by both Edward G. Robinson (in a 1943 \\\"Lux Radio Theater\\\" production) and by Humphrey Bogart (in a 1941 \\\"Academy Award Theater\\\" production), both on CBS. Dashiell Hammett's name was removed from the series in the late 1940s because he was being investigated for involvement with the Communist Party. Later, when Howard Duff's name appeared in\",\n \"title\": \"The Adventures of Sam Spade\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1897918\",\n \"text\": \"novel) into the story and softened Bruno from a coarse alcoholic into a dapper, charming mama's boy — a much more Hitchcockian villain. With treatment in hand, Hitchcock shopped for a screenwriter; he wanted a \\\"name\\\" writer to lend some prestige to the screenplay, but was turned down by eight writers, including John Steinbeck and Thornton Wilder, all of whom thought the story too tawdry and were put off by Highsmith's first-timer status. Talks with Dashiell Hammett got further, but here too communications ultimately broke down, and Hammett never took the assignment. Hitchcock then tried Raymond Chandler, who had earned\",\n \"title\": \"Strangers on a Train (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2454366\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Vaccination Brought Home to You,\\\" which documented two cases of children's bad reactions to vaccines. Clymer's involvement in new religious movements, the drama that invariably followed Clymer and similar leaders (such as Father Divine), inspired a number of early 20th century detective stories, such as Dashiell Hammett's \\\"The Dain Curse\\\". Clymer's works are also standard reading for American Rosicrucians, and his interest in medicine is continued by the FRC to this day, with the Beverly Hall headquarters housing chiropractic and naturopathic clinics. His prolific writing about Paschal Beverly Randolph and his teachings remain influential in the study of Randolph, in\",\n \"title\": \"Reuben Swinburne Clymer\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"compressed_ctxs_1":{"kind":"string","value":"{\n \"compressed_prompt\": \"Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\\n\\ntitle: Dashiell Hammett context: Dashiell Hammett Samuel Dashiell Hammett (; May 27, 1894 – January 10, 1961) was an American author of hard-boiled detective novels and short stories. He was also a screenwriter and political activist. Among the enduring characters he created are Sam Spade (\\\"The Maltese Falcon\\\"), Nick and Nora Charles (\\\"The Thin Man\\\"), and the Continental Op (\\\"Red Harvest\\\" and \\\"The Dain Curse\\\"). Hammett \\\"is now widely regarded as one of the finest mystery writers of all time\\\". In his obituary in \\\"The New York Times\\\", he was described as \\\"the dean of the... 'hard-boiled' school of detective fiction.\\\" \\\"Time\\\" magazine included\\n\\nWhat was mystery writer Dashiell Hammett's first name?\",\n \"compressed_tokens\": 213,\n \"origin_tokens\": 213,\n \"ratio\": \"1.0x\",\n \"saving\": \", Saving $0.0 in GPT-4.\"\n}"},"compressed_ctxs_100":{"kind":"string","value":"{\n \"compressed_prompt\": \"Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\\n\\ntitle: Dashiell Hammett context continued to trouble him until 1948, when he quit after his doctor's orders. However, years of heavy drinking and smoking worsened the tuberculosis he contracted in World War I, and then according to Hellman, \\\"jail had made a thin man thinner, a sick man sicker ... I knew he would now always be sick.\\\" Hellman wrote that during the 1950s, Hammett became \\\"a hermit\\\", his decline evident in the clutter of his rented \\\"ugly little country cottage\\\", where \\\"signs of sickness were all around: now the phonograph was unplayed, the typewriter untouched, the beloved foolish gadgets unopened in their packages.\\\"\\n\\ntitle: Dashiell Hamm context: era \\\" distrust a man that says. If he's got to be careful not to drink too much it's because he' not to be trusted when he does\\\". Raymond Chandler, often considered Hammett', summarized his accomplishments in \\\"The Simple Art of Murder\\\": Hammett the ace performer He said to lacked heart yet the story he himself of, \\\"lass Key record of a man's devotion to a friend was spare, frugal,-boiled, but he did over and over again what only the best writers can ever do at all.\\n\\n: Dashiell context: Dashi Hammett Samuel Dashi Hammett (2 18 10 1961 author-bo detect novels and. was also a screenwriter and political activist. Among the enduring he Sam Spade Maltese Fal\\\"), Nick andora CharlesThe Th\\\"), and the Cont (\\\"Red Harvest\\\" andThe Cur Hamm as ofest of his obitu in as \\\"the de of thehardiled' of detect fiction magazine included\\n\\n: Mese Society: winning author receives a ofit andure inesecon Society forett novelcon andiled and writers1981, the organization is no longer active in the United States; however, a chapter in Japan has been active continuously since 1982. The Japanese branch of the society presents the Falcon Award, Japan's highest honor in the mystery field, to honor the best hardboiled mystery novel published in Japan. The Maltese Falcon Society\\n\\nWhat was mystery writer Dashiell Hammett's first name?\",\n \"compressed_tokens\": 504,\n \"origin_tokens\": 15177,\n \"ratio\": \"30.1x\",\n \"saving\": \", Saving $0.9 in GPT-4.\"\n}"}}},{"rowIdx":299,"cells":{"id":{"kind":"number","value":299,"string":"299"},"question":{"kind":"string","value":"How many exclamation points did author Tom Wolfe use in his blockbuster bestseller The Bonfire of the Vanities?"},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["two thousand, three hundred and forty-three","2343","2,343"],"string":"[\n \"two thousand, three hundred and forty-three\",\n \"2343\",\n \"2,343\"\n]","isConversational":false},"target":{"kind":"string","value":"2,343"},"ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"id":"1542261","text":"the terms \"statusphere\", \"the right stuff\", \"radical chic\", \"the Me Decade\" and \"good ol' boy\" into the English lexicon. Wolfe was at times incorrectly credited with coining the term \"trophy wife\". His term for extremely thin women in his novel \"The Bonfire of the Vanities\" was \"X-rays\". According to journalism professor Ben Yagoda, Wolfe is also responsible for the use of the present tense in magazine profile pieces; before he began doing so in the early 1960s, profile articles had always been written in the past tense. Tom Wolfe Thomas Kennerly Wolfe Jr. (March 2, 1930 – May 14, 2018)","title":"Tom Wolfe"},{"id":"1542230","text":"and \"The Kandy-Kolored Tangerine-Flake Streamline Baby\". In 1979, he published the influential book \"The Right Stuff\" about the Mercury Seven astronauts, which was made into a 1983 film of the same name directed by Philip Kaufman. His first novel, \"The Bonfire of the Vanities\", published in 1987, was met with critical acclaim and also became a commercial success. It was adapted as a major motion picture of the same name directed by Brian De Palma. Wolfe was born on March 2, 1930, in Richmond, Virginia, the son of Helen Perkins Hughes Wolfe, a garden designer, and Thomas Kennerly Wolfe Sr.,","title":"Tom Wolfe"},{"id":"2734175","text":"The Bonfire of the Vanities The Bonfire of the Vanities is a 1987 satirical novel by Tom Wolfe. The story is a drama about ambition, racism, social class, politics, and greed in 1980s New York City and centers on three main characters: WASP bond trader Sherman McCoy, Jewish assistant district attorney Larry Kramer, and British expatriate journalist Peter Fallow. The novel was originally conceived as a serial in the style of Charles Dickens' writings; it ran in 27 installments in \"Rolling Stone\" starting in 1984. Wolfe heavily revised it before it was published in book form. The novel was a","title":"The Bonfire of the Vanities"},{"id":"7842262","text":"The Bonfire of the Vanities (film) The Bonfire of the Vanities is a 1990 American satirical black comedy film directed by Brian De Palma. The screenplay, written by Michael Cristofer, was adapted from the best-selling novel of the same name by Tom Wolfe. The film, which was a critical and commercial flop, stars Tom Hanks, Bruce Willis, Melanie Griffith, and Kim Cattrall. The original music score was composed by Dave Grusin. The film was a box office bomb, grossing just $15 million against its $47 million budget. The controversies surrounding the film were detailed in a book called \"The Devil's","title":"The Bonfire of the Vanities (film)"},{"id":"6278996","text":"Appeals in January 1985. The same month as his appointment, Wachtler was quoted by the New York Daily News as saying that \"district attorneys now have so much influence on grand juries that 'by and large' they could get them to 'indict a ham sandwich.'\" This quote was then used by Tom Wolfe (and attributed to Wachtler) in Wolfe's 1987 novel \"The Bonfire of the Vanities\", paraphrased into \"a grand jury would 'indict a ham sandwich,' if that's what you wanted.\" As of 2018, the \"ham sandwich\" phrase remains in common usage in legal discussions. Wachtler's decision in \"Chapadeau v.","title":"Sol Wachtler"},{"id":"2734192","text":"direction by Michael Bergmann, premiered in New York on October 9, 2015. Amazon Studios, in association with Warner Bros. TV, is working on an eight-episode, one-hour drama series based on the book, produced by Chuck Lorre. It will be distributed through Amazon Video. The Bonfire of the Vanities The Bonfire of the Vanities is a 1987 satirical novel by Tom Wolfe. The story is a drama about ambition, racism, social class, politics, and greed in 1980s New York City and centers on three main characters: WASP bond trader Sherman McCoy, Jewish assistant district attorney Larry Kramer, and British expatriate journalist","title":"The Bonfire of the Vanities"},{"id":"7842275","text":"the human condition, that the satire is about as socially incisive as a Police Academy entry.\" Vincent Canby in \"The New York Times\" denounced \"Brian De Palma's gross, unfunny movie adaptation.\" Owen Gleiberman of \"Entertainment Weekly\" called it, \"one of the most indecently bad movies of the year.\" Rita Kempley said in \"The Washington Post\", \"the director has become one with the buffoons Wolfe scored in his bestseller. He has not only filed Wolfe's teeth but stuck his tail between his legs,\" and called the film, \"A calamity of miscasting and commercial concessions.\" In \"Rolling Stone\", Peter Travers wrote, \"On","title":"The Bonfire of the Vanities (film)"},{"id":"7842277","text":"scribes of the Old Testament among its victims - but you'd be hard-pressed to find an adaptation that screws up as royally as Brian De Palma's take on \"The Bonfire of the Vanities\". Miscast, misguided and miserably unfunny, Tom Wolfe's black satire about avarice, prejudice and criminal injustice in the loony-toon town of New York has been raped, stripped of all ambiguity and dimension,\" and he ended the review by saying, \"What a mess.\" Of the way Tom Wolfe's story was adapted, Brian De Palma said, \"The initial concept of it was incorrect. If you're going to do \"The Bonfire","title":"The Bonfire of the Vanities (film)"},{"id":"7842283","text":"a revised title, \"The Devil's Candy: The Anatomy of a Hollywood Fiasco\", and further material by Salamon (in which she describes Bruce Willis's negative reaction to the book). The Bonfire of the Vanities (film) The Bonfire of the Vanities is a 1990 American satirical black comedy film directed by Brian De Palma. The screenplay, written by Michael Cristofer, was adapted from the best-selling novel of the same name by Tom Wolfe. The film, which was a critical and commercial flop, stars Tom Hanks, Bruce Willis, Melanie Griffith, and Kim Cattrall. The original music score was composed by Dave Grusin. The","title":"The Bonfire of the Vanities (film)"},{"id":"5933509","text":"the first of 16 great guest stars on \"The Simpsons\". The episode is also notable for having predicted the team matchup for Super Bowl XLVIII between the Denver Broncos and the Seattle Seahawks. The title of the episode is a reference to the novel \"The Bonfire of the Vanities\" by Tom Wolfe. The Bonfire of the Manatees \"The Bonfire of the Manatees\" is the first episode of \"The Simpsons<nowiki>'</nowiki>\" seventeenth season. It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on September 11, 2005, making it the first \"Simpsons\" season premiere to air in September since the eleventh","title":"The Bonfire of the Manatees"},{"id":"2734176","text":"bestseller and a phenomenal success, even in comparison with Wolfe's other books. It has often been called the quintessential novel of the 1980s. The title is a reference to the historical Bonfire of the Vanities, which happened in 1497 in Florence, Italy, when the city was under the rule of the Dominican priest Girolamo Savonarola, who ordered the burning of objects that church authorities considered sinful, such as cosmetics, mirrors, books and art. Wolfe intended his novel to capture the essence of New York City in the 1980s. Wall Street in the 1980s was newly resurgent after most of the","title":"The Bonfire of the Vanities"},{"id":"1542248","text":"Wolfe researched and revised for two years, and his \"The Bonfire of the Vanities\" was published in 1987. The book was a commercial and critical success, spending weeks on bestseller lists and earning praise from the very literary establishment on which Wolfe had long heaped scorn. Because of the success of Wolfe's first novel, there was widespread interest in his second. This novel took him more than 11 years to complete; \"A Man in Full\" was published in 1998. The book's reception was not universally favorable, though it received glowing reviews in \"Time\", \"Newsweek\", \"The Wall Street Journal\", and elsewhere.","title":"Tom Wolfe"},{"id":"2734189","text":"resulted in the freezing of his assets. The all-but-forgotten Henry Lamb succumbs to his injuries from the accident; McCoy, penniless and estranged from his wife and daughter, awaits trial for vehicular manslaughter. In the novel's closing, Tommy Killian holds forth: \"Bonfire\" was Wolfe's first novel. Wolfe's prior works were mostly non-fiction journalistic articles and books. His earlier short stories appeared in his collection \"Mauve Gloves & Madmen, Clutter & Vine\". According to Wolfe, the characters are composites of many individuals and cultural observations. However, some characters were based on real people. Wolfe has acknowledged the character of Tommy Killian is","title":"The Bonfire of the Vanities"},{"id":"2734190","text":"based on New York lawyer Edward Hayes, to whom the book is dedicated. The character of the Reverend Bacon is considered by many to be based on the Reverends Al Sharpton and/or Jesse Jackson, who have both campaigned under the banner of eliminating racism. In 2007, on the book's 20th anniversary of publication, \"The New York Times\" published a retrospective on how the city had changed since Wolfe's novel. The book was a major bestseller, and also received strong reviews. \"The New York Times\" praised the book, saying it was \"a big, bitter, funny, craftily plotted book that grabs you","title":"The Bonfire of the Vanities"},{"id":"10844864","text":"to Dream\". Stalking the Billion-Footed Beast \"Stalking the Billion-Footed Beast\" is an essay by Tom Wolfe that appeared in the November 1989 issue of \"Harper's Magazine\" criticizing the American literary establishment for retreating from realism. After being serialized in \"Rolling Stone\" magazine, Wolfe's first novel, \"The Bonfire of the Vanities\" was published in 1987. Prior to the novel, Wolfe had made his career as a journalist and author of non-fiction books. Wolfe had been a pioneer of \"New Journalism,\" a style of non-fiction that relied heavily on novelistic techniques such as the use of scene, dialogue, first-person point of view","title":"Stalking the Billion-Footed Beast"},{"id":"10844856","text":"Stalking the Billion-Footed Beast \"Stalking the Billion-Footed Beast\" is an essay by Tom Wolfe that appeared in the November 1989 issue of \"Harper's Magazine\" criticizing the American literary establishment for retreating from realism. After being serialized in \"Rolling Stone\" magazine, Wolfe's first novel, \"The Bonfire of the Vanities\" was published in 1987. Prior to the novel, Wolfe had made his career as a journalist and author of non-fiction books. Wolfe had been a pioneer of \"New Journalism,\" a style of non-fiction that relied heavily on novelistic techniques such as the use of scene, dialogue, first-person point of view from the","title":"Stalking the Billion-Footed Beast"},{"id":"13331530","text":"Loren and Mario Van Peebles. Best Feature Film, Feature Audience Award, Best Actress for Bonnie Loren – The New York International Independent Film and Video Festival. Bergmann wrote the libretto for Stefania de Kenessey’s opera based on Tom Wolfe’s novel \"The Bonfire of the Vanities\" and directed the premiere in New York on October 9th, 2015. Bergmann has been inspired by the innovative dialogue of Harold Pinter and David Mamet, but says he does not share their concerns. \"To be as angry as Pinter you have to be able to see something from a single point of view. The minute","title":"Michael Bergmann"},{"id":"2734178","text":"of Brooklyn in 1982, and Michael Griffith in Howard Beach, Queens, in 1986. In another episode that became a subject of much media attention, Bernhard Goetz became something of a folk-hero in the city for shooting a group of black men who tried to rob him in the subway in 1984. Burton B. Roberts, a Bronx judge known for his no-nonsense imperious handling of cases in his courtroom, became the model for the character of Myron Kovitsky in the book. Throughout his early career, Wolfe had planned to write a novel that would capture the wide spectrum of American society.","title":"The Bonfire of the Vanities"},{"id":"11224501","text":"from the processed meat. A ham sandwich was suspected of causing an outbreak of swine fever in the UK in 2000. New York State chief judge Sol Wachtler was famously quoted by Tom Wolfe in \"The Bonfire of the Vanities\" that \"a grand jury would 'indict a ham sandwich,' if that's what you wanted.\" A fictional talking ham sandwich appeared in an online noir serial in the late 1990s, and the publishers sued in 1999 when a similar character appeared in a television advertisement for Florida orange juice, though the suit was withdrawn. The name \"ham sandwich\" is sometimes used","title":"Ham sandwich"},{"id":"2734181","text":"with many of the traders who later founded the notorious hedge fund Long-Term Capital Management.) Wolfe researched and revised for two years. \"The Bonfire of the Vanities\" appeared in 1987. The book was a commercial and critical success, spending weeks on bestseller lists and earning praise from much of the literary establishment on which Wolfe had long heaped scorn. The story centers on Sherman McCoy, a successful New York City bond trader. His $3 million Park Avenue co-op, combined with his aristocratic wife's extravagances and other expenses required to keep up appearances are depleting his great income, or as Sherman","title":"The Bonfire of the Vanities"},{"id":"10733181","text":"currently writing a script for Maven Pictures about the life of Clementine Churchill. She is also developing a series of Tom Wolfe's classic book, \"Bonfire of the Vanities\" with Chuck Lorre and Warner Brothers TV. Nagle's paternal descent is Irish. Nagle is named after her great aunt, modern dance pioneer Margaret Newell H'Doubler. Nagle, who has a brother with a brain injury from a car accident, is actively involved in furthering rights and visibility for people with disabilities and is on the board of United Cerebral Palsy of Southern California. Nagle recently received the Media Access Award from the Writers","title":"Margaret Nagle"},{"id":"3862796","text":"Global Markets. Two members of the Salomon Brothers' bond arbitrage, John Meriwether and Myron Scholes, later became a founder and a consultant for Long-Term Capital Management, a hedge fund that collapsed in 1998. The firm's top bond traders called themselves \"Big Swinging Dicks,\" and were the inspiration for the book \"The Bonfire of the Vanities\", by Tom Wolfe. Salomon Brothers' success and decline in the 1980s is documented in Michael Lewis' 1989 book, \"Liar's Poker\". Lewis went through Salomon's training program and then became a bond salesman at Salomon Brothers in London. The last years of Salomon Brothers, culminating in","title":"Salomon Brothers"},{"id":"1561523","text":"he had not \"seen anything that looked like this since London after the Blitz\". The 1987 novel \"The Bonfire of the Vanities\", by the American writer Tom Wolfe, presented the South Bronx as a nightmare world, not to be entered by middle or upper-class whites. Beginning in the late 1980s, parts of the South Bronx started to experience urban renewal with rehabilitated and brand new residential structures, including both subsidized multifamily townhomes and apartment buildings. The Bright Temple A.M.E. Church was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983. Over 1 billion US dollars were spent on rebuilding","title":"South Bronx"},{"id":"10844857","text":"subjects of the stories and recording minute details of everyday routine. In his novel, \"Bonfire of the Vanities\", Wolfe used many of the writing techniques in his journalism, but this time to tell what Wolfe called a \"fictional novel\" (though novel traditionally denotes fiction and is hence redundant, Wolfe's \"New Journalism\" was sometimes described as non-fiction novels). In addition, Wolfe set out in \"Bonfire\" to capture the spirit of New York City in the 1980s. The book was a commercial success, becoming a New York Times Bestseller and earning critical praise. In his \"Harper's\" essay, Wolfe (at the time a","title":"Stalking the Billion-Footed Beast"},{"id":"7842269","text":"is applauding Peter Fallow's premiere of his book. Fallow says that Sherman McCoy has moved away from New York City to an unknown destination, presumably to live in obscurity. The novel of \"The Bonfire of the Vanities\" was a bestseller. Warner Bros. bought the rights from author Tom Wolfe for $750,000. The film was plagued by controversy. Among them were the acting choices: The studio made significant changes to the source material, making Sherman McCoy more sympathetic and adding a subplot involving a minor character, Judge Leonard White. In one notable scene in the film, Maria Ruskin (Melanie Griffith) arrives","title":"The Bonfire of the Vanities (film)"},{"id":"11793066","text":"of the Art World\", published by Grove Atlantic. Haden-Guest is known for being humorously irreverent, as seen in the following quote on Gawker.com: The massive streak of Puritanism in America has reasserted itself, especially amongst liberals. When I moved to New York there were still a bunch of good writers, often half-drunk, but still very good writers. That doesn't exist any more. Where do they go? They probably go and teach at Bard. In response to a suggestion that Peter Fallow in the Tom Wolfe novel \"The Bonfire of the Vanities\" (1987) was based on British expatriate journalist Christopher Hitchens,","title":"Anthony Haden-Guest"},{"id":"1542253","text":"Wolfe as \"a brilliantly gifted social observer and satirist\" who \"made a fetish of close and often comically slashing detail\" and was \"unafraid of kicking up at the pretensions of the literary establishment.\" Critic James Wood disparaged Wolfe's \"big subjects, big people, and yards of flapping exaggeration. No one of average size emerges from his shop; in fact, no real human variety can be found in his fiction, because everyone has the same enormous excitability.\" Wolfe was in 2000 criticised by Norman Mailer, John Updike and John Irving, after they were asked if they believed that his books were deserving","title":"Tom Wolfe"},{"id":"17792435","text":"1907: 1908: 1909: 1910: 1911: 1912: 1913: 1914: 1915: 1917: 1918: 1920: 1921: 1922: 1923: 1925: 1926: 1927: 1928: 1929: 1930: 1931: 1932: 1933: 1934: 1935: 1936: 1937: 1938: 1940: 1941: 1942: 1943: 1945: 1946: 1947: 1949: 1950: 1951: 1955: 1957: 1959: 1962: 1963: 1964: 1965: 1966: 1969: 1970: 1971: 1972: 1975: 1976: 1977: 1978: 1979: 1980: 1982: 1983: 1984: 1987: 1988: 1994: 1996: 2001: 2005–2006: 2006: 2011: 2013: 2016: Timeline of women's education This is a timeline of women's education. 1237 1239 1608 1636 1639 1644 1674 1678 1685 1727 1732 1742 1751 1783 1786 1787 1788 1803 1818","title":"Timeline of women's education"},{"id":"8731813","text":"Roach in poetry. Winner: Nominees: Winner: 2 Finalists: Nominees: Winner: Finalists: Nominees: Winner: Finalists: Nominees: Winner: Nominees: Winner: 2 Finalists: Nominees\":\" Winner: 2 Finalists: Nominees: Winner: 2 Finalists: Nominees: Winner: Nominees Winner: 2 Finalists: Nominees\":\" Winner: 2 Finalists: Nominees: Winner: 2 Finalists: Nominees: Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Nominees Winner Nominees Winner Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winners Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Nominees Winner","title":"Hurston-Wright Legacy Award"},{"id":"5206797","text":"and more moneyed classes, Kempner defied the dress code of La Côte Basque's ladies’ room (which forbade pants for women) by simply removed her trousers. The thin, elegant blonde was said to be the inspiration for the term “social X-ray” in Tom Wolfe’s novel Bonfire of the Vanities. Kempner died on July 3, 2005, aged 74, from emphysema. Two months later her family held a memorial service in her honour at the auction house Christie's. 500 of her friends were in attendance. In December 2006 the Metropolitan Museum of Art's Costume Institute opened an exhibition of Kempner's extensive couture collection.","title":"Nan Kempner"},{"id":"15014547","text":"Burton B. Roberts Burton Bennett Roberts (July 25, 1922 – October 24, 2010) served as Bronx district attorney before his election as a judge, later serving as the chief administrative judge for the New York Supreme Court in the Bronx until his retirement in 1998 after 25 years on the bench. His no-nonsense manner as a prosecutor and in court made him the model for the character Myron Kovitsky in the 1987 book \"The Bonfire of the Vanities\" by Tom Wolfe. Roberts was born on July 25, 1922, in New York City and earned his undergraduate degree in 1943 at","title":"Burton B. Roberts"},{"id":"3361177","text":"more junk bonds. Lewis remarked in his conclusion that the 1980s were a time when anyone could make millions, provided they were in the right place at the right time, as exemplified by Lewis Ranieri's success. Liar's Poker Liar's Poker is a non-fiction, semi-autobiographical book by Michael Lewis describing the author's experiences as a bond salesman on Wall Street during the late 1980s. First published in 1989, it is considered one of the books that defined Wall Street during the 1980s, along with Bryan Burrough and John Helyar's \"\", and the fictional \"The Bonfire of the Vanities\" by Tom Wolfe.","title":"Liar's Poker"},{"id":"124923","text":"\"makes frantic clinging to earthly things completely pointless.\" Pope Francis cited Ecclesiastes on his address on September 9, 2014. Speaking of vain people, he said, \"How many Christians live for appearances? Their life seems like a soap bubble.\" Ecclesiastes has had a deep influence on Western literature. It contains several phrases that have resonated in British and American culture, such as \"eat, drink and be merry,\" \"nothing new under the sun,\" \"a time to be born and a time to die,\" and \"vanity of vanities; all is vanity.\" American novelist Thomas Wolfe wrote: \"[O]f all I have ever seen or","title":"Ecclesiastes"},{"id":"1542254","text":"of their critical acclaim. Mailer compared reading a Wolfe novel to having sex with a 300lb woman, saying 'Once she gets to the top it's all over. Fall in love or be asphyxiated.' Updike was more literary in his reservedness: he claimed that one of his books 'amounts to entertainment, not literature, even literature in a modest aspirant form.' Irving was perhaps the most dismissive, saying 'It's like reading a bad newspaper or a bad piece in a magazine ... read sentences and watch yourself gag.' Wolfe responded, saying, 'It's a tantrum. It's a wonderful tantrum. \"A Man in Full\"","title":"Tom Wolfe"},{"id":"8100347","text":"Box\", directed by Paul Newman (Golden Globe Award, Emmy nomination); \"Falling in Love\"; \"The Witches of Eastwick\", adapted from the novel by John Updike; \"The Bonfire of the Vanities,\" adapted from the novel by Tom Wolfe and directed by Brian De Palma; \"Breaking Up\", and \"Casanova\". His directing credits include \"Gia\", for HBO Pictures (starring Angelina Jolie, Mercedes Ruehl and Faye Dunaway), which was nominated for five Emmy Awards and for which he won a Directors Guild Award. He next directed \"Body Shots\"; and \"Original Sin\", which was released in 2001. For eight years he worked as artistic advisor and","title":"Michael Cristofer"},{"id":"9480572","text":"in Robert Louis Stevenson's novel \"Treasure Island\" (1883). Her habitual refrain: \"Pieces of eight! Pieces of eight!\" In the narrative poem \"The Raven\" by Edgar Allan Poe the titular bird famously recites the word \"Nevermore\" throughout. Talking ravens are a notable element in the series \"A Song of Ice and Fire\" by author George R. R. Martin. One in particular has the ability to say \"Corn!\" when hungry, but many say \"Snow!\" as well. The 2017 \"Doctor Who\" episode \"The Eaters of Light\" depicts talking crows in Scotland at the time of the Picts' wars against the Romans. It further","title":"Talking bird"},{"id":"235823","text":"three years old as a child fashion model in television commercials. She was signed with Ford Models and Elite Model Management. At the age of six, she made her feature film debut in a minor role in Woody Allen's short film \"Oedipus Wrecks\"; it was released as one-third of the anthology film \"New York Stories\" (1989). Soon after, Dunst performed in the comedy-drama \"The Bonfire of the Vanities\" (1990), based on Tom Wolfe's novel of the same name, in which she played the daughter of Tom Hanks's character. In 1993, Dunst made a guest appearance in an episode of the","title":"Kirsten Dunst"},{"id":"2277222","text":"wife, Jane Schindelheim. Throughout the 1970s and 1980s, Wenner played an integral role in popularizing writers such as Hunter S. Thompson, Ben Fong-Torres, Paul Nelson, Greil Marcus, Dave Marsh, Grover Lewis, Timothy Crouse, Timothy Ferris, Joe Klein, Cameron Crowe, Joe Eszterhas and P.J. O'Rourke. He also discovered photographer Annie Leibovitz when she was a 21-year-old San Francisco Art Institute student. Many of Wenner's proteges, such as Crowe, credit him with giving them their biggest breaks. Tom Wolfe recognized Wenner's influence in ensuring that his first novel, \"The Bonfire of the Vanities\", was completed, stating \"I was absolutely frozen with fright","title":"Jann Wenner"},{"id":"5933853","text":"flying by Tom into a full wine glass – but Jerry saves him by hurling a tomato at Tom, followed by multiple vegetables and meat chunks. After impaling them all on his rapier, Tom then heats and eats them like a shish kebab. Nibbles, now drunk, climbs out of the glass. He pokes Tom in the rear-end, making him yowl and jump up, as Nibbles waves his sword, saying \"Touché, pussycat!\" But as he runs away, Tom catches him. Jerry makes the save by hitting Tom on the head with a mace so hard that Tom falls through the table,","title":"The Two Mouseketeers"},{"id":"3858198","text":"which Croker is indebted, Roger Too White's former fraternity brother (now mayor of Atlanta), and the entirety of 'respectable' Atlanta society. \"A Man In Full\" is written much in the style of Wolfe's other fictions, such as \"The Bonfire of the Vanities\" and \"I Am Charlotte Simmons\". Released eleven years after Wolfe's bestselling novel \"The Bonfire of the Vanities\", \"A Man in Full\" was widely anticipated; Wolfe was known to be working on the research for this follow-up effort for several years. Most of the mainstream American newspapers and news magazines gave the book positive reviews. However, a second wave","title":"A Man in Full"},{"id":"7842271","text":"requiring a 24-hour timelapse of Manhattan, from a camera platform beside a gargoyle on top of the Chrysler Building. Several of the sets parodied the home decorated by Robert Denning and Vincent Fourcade for Carolyne Roehm and Henry Kravis. The cover of Peter Fallow's book in the film has a similar design to the original first edition of Tom Wolfe's novel from 1987. Cristofer's original script ended cynically with the supposed victim of the hit-and-run walking out of the hospital, suggesting that the whole scenario was concocted. That ending did not test well with audiences and was dropped. Sherman and","title":"The Bonfire of the Vanities (film)"},{"id":"9065736","text":"exclamation mark (e.g., , , 'Oops! Oh!'), an interjection should only be separated from an extended exclamation by a comma (e.g., , , 'Oops! I left the stove on.'). In Spanish, a sentence or clause ending in an exclamation mark must also begin with an inverted exclamation mark (the same also applies to the question mark): , 'Are you crazy? You almost killed her!' As in British English, a bracketed exclamation mark may be used to indicate irony or surprise at a statement: , 'He said that he's not going to a party tonight(!).' Such use is not matched by","title":"Exclamation mark"},{"id":"7368143","text":"to dedicating his 1987 novel \"The Bonfire of the Vanities\" to Hayes, Wolfe has acknowledged that he based the lawyer character Tommy Killian on him. Andy Warhol had met the lawyer briefly in the fall of 1980 and wrote in his diary: Defense lawyer named Ed Hayes who looked like he was from Laverne and Shirley, like a plant that people invite to parties to wear funny clothes and jump around and make things ‘kooky.’ Sort of forties clothes, really crew cut, about twenty-nine. He said, ‘I can get ya outta anything.’ In the 1990 American film classic Goodfellas, Hayes","title":"Eddie Hayes (lawyer)"},{"id":"121754","text":"\"Chrononhotonthologos\" (1743) holds the opening line: \"Aldiborontiphoscophornio! Where left you Chrononhotonthologos?\" Thomas Love Peacock put these creations into the mouth of the phrenologist Mr. Cranium in his 1816 romp \"Headlong Hall\": \"osteosarchaematosplanchnochondroneuromuelous\" (44 characters) and \"osseocarnisanguineoviscericartilaginonervomedullary\" (51 characters). James Joyce made up nine 100-letter words plus one 101-letter word in his novel \"Finnegans Wake\", the most famous of which is Bababadalgharaghtakamminarronnkonnbronntonnerronntuonnthunntrovarrhounawnskawntoohoohoordenenthurnuk. Appearing on the first page, it allegedly represents the symbolic thunderclap associated with the fall of Adam and Eve. As it appears nowhere else except in reference to this passage, it is generally not accepted as a real word.","title":"Longest word in English"},{"id":"257981","text":"as his German captors die laughing, with one German officer (Cleese) insisting the joke isn't funny before finally cracking up and then uttering a Woody Woodpecker-style laugh before expiring. The Germans attempt counter-jokes. For example, film is shown of Adolf Hitler supposedly saying \"My dog has no nose\", then a German soldier asking \"How does he smell?\", with Hitler replying \"Awful!\" Eventually their best \"V-joke\" (in reference to the V-1 flying bomb) is attempted on a radio broadcast: \"Der ver zwei peanuts, valking down der strasse, und von vas assaulted...peanut. Ohohohoho!\" Although the joke is followed triumphantly by the German","title":"The Funniest Joke in the World"},{"id":"15014553","text":"retirement from the bench in 1998. Immortalized in \"The Bonfire of the Vanities\" as judge Myron Kovitsky, a character based on Roberts, he was one of the few sympathetic characters in the book, one who would not be swayed by prosecutors or the press. Wolfe dedicated the book to Roberts and one of his assistants, calling Roberts \"one of the great figures in New York\" and considered him \"the greatest single figure I've run into\". In the 1990 film adaptation of the book starring Tom Hanks, Bruce Willis and Melanie Griffith, the role of the judge was renamed to Leonard","title":"Burton B. Roberts"},{"id":"4835132","text":"exclamation point. A few writers have used three or more exclamation points (\"!!!\") for an exceptionally brilliant move. For example, in Rotlewi-Rubinstein 1907, Hans Kmoch awarded Rubinstein's 22...Rxc3 three exclamation points. Likewise, an exceptionally bad blunder may be awarded three or more question marks (\"???\"). The general consensus among chess writers is that these symbols are unnecessary. A few writers have used unusual combinations of question marks and exclamation points (e.g. \"!!?\", \"?!?\", \"??!\") for particularly unusual or controversial moves, but these have no generally accepted meaning, and are typically used for humorous or entertainment purposes. Occasionally an annotation symbol","title":"Chess annotation symbols"},{"id":"13775082","text":"bombs by hostile student audiences. However public opinion in the English-speaking world was slowly won over. By the eighties free market institutions were once again widely respected if not widely admired, despite the occasional popular work that tried to bring their dark side to the public's attention, such as Oliver Stone's film \"Wall Street\" and Tom Wolfe's novel \"The Bonfire of the Vanities\". Labour unrest and aggressive wage bargaining was a significant cause of the displacement especially in Britain but also in the United States. For about the first 15 years of the Keynesian age, labour relations were generally peaceful.","title":"Post-war displacement of Keynesianism"},{"id":"10395908","text":"as one of his generation's most prominent social critics. The stories in \"The Pump House Gang\" are written in the style of New Journalism that Wolfe and other writers like Joan Didion and Gay Talese helped to popularize. According to Time Magazine's review of Wolfe's book: He uses a language that explodes with comic-book words like \"POW!\" and \"boing.\" His sentences are shot with ellipses, stabbed with exclamation points, or bombarded with long lists of brand names and anatomical terms. He is irritating, but he did develop a new journalistic idiom that has brought relief from standard Middle-High Journalese. Wolfe's","title":"The Pump House Gang"},{"id":"11485869","text":"has failed to place among the top four teams only once, in 2012.Below is the list of eight nations that have finished in the top two in Thomas Cup. 2018: 2016: 2014: 2012: 2010: 2008: 2006: 2004: 2002: 2000: 1998: 1996: 1994: 1992: 2018: 2016: 2014: 2012: 2010: 2008: 2006: 2004: 2002: 2000: 1998: 1996: 1994: 1992: 1990: 1988: 1986: 1984: 1981: 1978: 1975: 1972: 1969: 2017 2015 2013 2011 2009 Even though they actually have a balance of strength in all events, they are known for producing many great doubles in the men's category. Their doubles had conquered the","title":"Indonesia national badminton team"},{"id":"17056748","text":"the letter and publish it intact as reportage. The result, published in the November 1963 issue, was \"There Goes (Varoom! Varoom!) That Kandy-Kolored Tangerine-Flake Streamline Baby.\" The article was widely discussed — loved by some, hated by others — and helped Wolfe publish his first book, \"The Kandy-Kolored Tangerine-Flake Streamline Baby\". Wolfe also credited Dobell with the idea of changing Sherman McCoy, the protagonist of Wolfe's novel \"Bonfire of the Vanities\", from a writer to a bond trader. As the editor of \"Book World\" from 1967-1969, Dobell published numerous book reviews by Mario Puzo, including the first book review Puzo","title":"Byron Dobell"},{"id":"2044544","text":"Callahan foils a bank robbery. He kills two of the robbers and wounds a third. Confronting the wounded robber, Callahan delivers the film's iconic line: I know what you're thinking: 'Did he fire six shots or only five?' Well, to tell you the truth, in all this excitement, I've kinda lost track myself. But being this is a .44 Magnum, the most powerful handgun in the world, and would blow your head clean off, you've got to ask yourself one question: 'Do I feel lucky?' Well, do you, punk? The robber surrenders to Callahan, but then replies that he needs","title":"Dirty Harry"},{"id":"1583443","text":"the source of the popular writers' adage \"murder your darlings\". He is mentioned briefly in \"The Well of Lost Plots\" by Jasper Fforde as one of the few authors with a name beginning with the letter \"Q\". It is Quiller-Couch who originated the saying \"kill your darlings\": A collected edition of Q's fiction appeared as \"Tales and Romances\" (30 volumes, 1928–29). Arthur Quiller-Couch Sir Arthur Thomas Quiller-Couch (; 21 November 186312 May 1944) was a Cornish writer who published using the pseudonym Q. Although a prolific novelist, he is remembered mainly for the monumental publication \"The Oxford Book Of English","title":"Arthur Quiller-Couch"},{"id":"6715859","text":"Tom Wolfe's 1987 novel \"The Bonfire of the Vanities\". New York publicist Mortimer Matz recommends an old raincoat. In addition to concealing the handcuffs, he says, it is not a problem when the garment inevitably gets smudged by fingerprint ink remaining on the defendant's hands. New York Mafia boss John Gotti wore the expensive custom-tailored suits that earned him his \"Dapper Don\" nickname during perp walks, in contrast to the sweatpants and jackets seen among other contemporary organized-crime figures. Susan McDougal, subjected to a brief perp walk in a miniskirt, leg irons and a waist chain as she was taken","title":"Perp walk"},{"id":"2466229","text":"the groin with the handle pointing upward. This led to a very long burst of laughter from the audience, which has been called the longest sustained laugh by a live audience in television history. After a moment, Ames proceeded to walk toward the target to retrieve the tomahawk but Carson stopped him and allowed the situation to be appreciated for its humor. Carson ad-libbed: \"I didn't even know you were Jewish!\" and \"Welcome to \"Frontier Bris\".\" Ames then asked Carson if he would like to take a turn throwing, to which Carson replied: \"I can't hurt him any more than","title":"Ed Ames"},{"id":"10718050","text":"book's most famous passages in the essay \"The 'Me' Decade and the Third Great Awakening\", exemplifying his style of description, Wolfe called Jimmy Carter a \"Missionary lectern-pounding Amen ten-finger C-major-chord Sister-Martha-at-the-Yamaha-keyboard loblolly piney-woods Baptist.\" The 12 pieces in the book are divided into four sections as follows: Mauve Gloves & Madmen, Clutter & Vine Mauve Gloves & Madmen, Clutter & Vine is a 1976 book by Tom Wolfe, consisting of eleven essays and one short story that Wolfe wrote between 1967 and 1976. It includes the essay in which he coined the term \"the 'Me' Decade\" to refer to the","title":"Mauve Gloves & Madmen, Clutter & Vine"},{"id":"13028006","text":"as sarcastic, suggesting that the term \"sarcasm\" is more widely used than its technical definition suggests it should be (Bryant & Fox Tree, 2002; Gibbs, 2000). Some psycholinguistic theorists (e.g., Gibbs, 2000) suggest that sarcasm (\"Great idea!\", \"I hear they do fine work.\"), hyperbole (\"That's the best idea I have heard in years!\"), understatement (\"Sure, what the hell, it's only cancer...\"), rhetorical questions (\"What, does your spirit have cancer?\"), double entendre (\"I'll bet if you do that, you'll be communing with spirits in no time...\") and jocularity (\"Get them to fix your bad back while you're at it.\") should all","title":"Irony"},{"id":"121755","text":"Sylvia Plath made mention of it in her semi-autobiographical novel \"The Bell Jar\", when the protagonist was reading \"Finnegans Wake\". \"Supercalifragilisticexpialidocious\", the 34-letter title of a song from the movie \"Mary Poppins\", does appear in several dictionaries, but only as a proper noun defined in reference to the song title. The attributed meaning is \"a word that you say when you don't know what to say.\" The idea and invention of the word is credited to songwriters Robert and Richard Sherman. The English language permits the legitimate extension of existing words to serve new purposes by the addition of prefixes","title":"Longest word in English"},{"id":"13550827","text":"is part of their conversation: <poem> Joyce: \"Why did you go back to Oxford?\" Endeavour: \"Oh! A policeman goes where he's sent.\" Joyce: \"When I told Pop, he just said, 'Proverbs 26:11.'\" Endeavour: [Recognizing the verse] \"Well I've many faults, God knows, but I try to draw the line at masochism. Besides, traditionally it's the killer that returns to the scene of the crime, not the... whatever I was.\" </poem> As a dog returns to his vomit, so a fool repeats his folly \"As a dog returns to his vomit, so a fool repeats his folly\" is an aphorism which","title":"As a dog returns to his vomit, so a fool repeats his folly"},{"id":"9065732","text":"with a single, nonstandard punctuation mark, the interrobang, which is the combination of a question mark and an exclamation mark. Overly frequent use of the exclamation mark is generally considered poor writing, for it distracts the reader and devalues the mark's significance. Some authors, however, most notably Tom Wolfe and Madison Acampora, are known for unashamedly liberal use of the exclamation mark. In comic books, the very frequent use of exclamation mark is common—see Comics, below. For information on the use of spaces after an exclamation mark, see the discussion of spacing after a full stop. Several studies have shown","title":"Exclamation mark"},{"id":"10995214","text":"GUS: Light what?<br> BEN: The kettle.<br> GUS: You mean the gas.<br> BEN: Who does?<br> GUS: You do.<br> BEN: (\"his eyes narrowing\"): What do you mean, I mean the gas?<br> GUS: Well, that's what you mean, don't you? The gas.<br> BEN: (\"Powerfully\"): If I say go and light the kettle I mean go and light the kettle.<br> GUS: How can you light a kettle?<br> BEN: It's a figure of speech! Light the kettle. It's a figure of speech! (Qtd. in Billington 90–91) As Billington observes further, This kind of comic pedantry has precise echoes of the great Sid Field – ironically","title":"Comedy of menace"},{"id":"7368138","text":"Eddie Hayes (lawyer) Edward Walter Hayes is an American lawyer, journalist, and memoirist. He is known for his role in settling the estate of Andy Warhol and representing several organized crime figures. Tom Wolfe's character Tommy Killian in \"The Bonfire of the Vanities\" is based on Hayes. Hayes is often regularly featured on different radio stations, in both Ireland and the USA. Most recently, Hayes was portrayed as a character in the Broadway hit, Lucky Guy, starring Tom Hanks. Hayes was born in New York City in the neighborhood of Sunnyside, Queens, and grew up for a period of time","title":"Eddie Hayes (lawyer)"},{"id":"7045718","text":"sequence of events which led up to Bertram Wooster [...] standing at the door [...] through the aromatic smoke of a meditative cigarette\". Bertie often uses unnecessary abbreviations, sometimes referring to words by only their initial letters. This can be seen in chapter 21, when Sir Roderick Glossop is imprisoned in a shed: \"Can you remove Sir R. from the s., Jeeves?\". Another stylistic device Wodehouse uses to create humour is the pun. For example, a pun is used in chapter 1, after Jeeves gives notice: \"No, sir. I fear I cannot recede from my position.\"\"But, dash it, you say","title":"Thank You, Jeeves"},{"id":"11395946","text":"were a key source of tension in \"The Bonfire of the Vanities\"—\"Back to Blood\" will similarly feature characters of Cuban, Haitian, Russian, and French ancestry in the melting pot of Miami. Of the subject matter, Wolfe said, \"Two years ago when I got the idea of doing a book on immigration, people would say, 'Oh, that’s fascinating,' and then they would go to sleep standing up like a horse. Since then the subject has become a little more exciting, and in Miami, it's not only exciting, it’s red hot.\" Wolfe, who is well known for the depth of reporting that","title":"Back to Blood"},{"id":"12032029","text":"entirely clear\"; the same article reported Goodwin stating that he had made the remarks \"impromptu - and after a wholly sleepless night\". The comparison of inner-city youth to primates, accompanied by the use of the word \"jungle\", was widely viewed as racist. Writer Tom Wolfe, though sympathetic to Goodwin's argument, stated in his 1996 essay \"Sorry, But Your Soul Just Died\", that this \"may have been the stupidest single word uttered by an American public official in the year 1992\". Violence Initiative The Violence Initiative was a proposal for research into reducing violence in American inner cities, first announced on","title":"Violence Initiative"},{"id":"5947255","text":"Shiver my timbers \"Shiver me timbers\" (or \"shiver my timbers\" in Standard English ) is an exclamation in the form of a mock oath usually attributed to the speech of pirates in works of fiction. It is employed as a literary device by authors to express shock, surprise or annoyance. The phrase is based on real nautical slang and is a reference to the timbers, which are the wooden support frames of a sailing ship. In heavy seas, ships would be lifted up and pounded down so hard as to \"shiver\" the timbers, startling the sailors. Such an exclamation was","title":"Shiver my timbers"},{"id":"193704","text":"20th century, and despite arguments that the protagonist and the tenor of the book are anti-racist, criticism of the book continued due to both its perceived use of racial stereotypes and its frequent use of the racial slur \"nigger\". In order of appearance: The story begins in fictional St. Petersburg, Missouri (based on the actual town of Hannibal, Missouri), on the shore of the Mississippi River \"forty to fifty years ago\" (the novel having been published in 1884). Huckleberry \"Huck\" Finn (the protagonist and first-person narrator) and his friend, Thomas \"Tom\" Sawyer, have each come into a considerable sum of","title":"Adventures of Huckleberry Finn"},{"id":"10844862","text":"with his essay, stating that he essentially had argued that other writers need to be more like himself. Critics also noted that while many authors wrote the sorts of books Wolfe criticized, there were countless authors like Don DeLillo or John le Carré, Louise Erdrich or Toni Morrison, who wrote realism and were critically praised. \"The Times\" described the essay as \"one part serious argument with two parts calculated provocation,\" noting that the essay had helped continue discussion (and boost sales) of \"Bonfire of the Vanities\". Others were outright dismissive, with author Jim Harrison opining that Wolfe's ideas were \"the","title":"Stalking the Billion-Footed Beast"},{"id":"226323","text":"is.\" Unless otherwise cited, items in this list are taken from Thomas F. Marvin's 2002 book \"Kurt Vonnegut: A Critical Companion\", and the date in brackets is the date the work was first published: Novels Short fiction collections Nonfiction Interviews Art Kurt Vonnegut Kurt Vonnegut Jr. (; November 11, 1922April 11, 2007) was an American writer. In a career spanning over 50 years, Vonnegut published 14 novels, three short story collections, five plays, and five works of non-fiction. He is most famous for his darkly satirical, best-selling novel \"Slaughterhouse-Five\" (1969). Born and raised in Indianapolis, Indiana, Vonnegut attended Cornell University","title":"Kurt Vonnegut"},{"id":"1542242","text":"things, how American life in the 1960s had been transformed by post-WWII economic prosperity. His defining work from this era is \"The Electric Kool-Aid Acid Test\" (published the same day as \"The Pump House Gang\" in 1968), which for many epitomized the 1960s. Although a conservative in many ways (in 2008, he claimed never to have used LSD and to have tried marijuana only once) Wolfe became one of the notable figures of the decade. In 1970, he published two essays in book form as \"Radical Chic & Mau-Mauing the Flak Catchers\". \"Radical Chic\" was a biting account of a","title":"Tom Wolfe"},{"id":"226244","text":"Kurt Vonnegut Kurt Vonnegut Jr. (; November 11, 1922April 11, 2007) was an American writer. In a career spanning over 50 years, Vonnegut published 14 novels, three short story collections, five plays, and five works of non-fiction. He is most famous for his darkly satirical, best-selling novel \"Slaughterhouse-Five\" (1969). Born and raised in Indianapolis, Indiana, Vonnegut attended Cornell University but dropped out in January 1943 and enlisted in the United States Army. As part of his training, he studied mechanical engineering at Carnegie Institute of Technology (now Carnegie Mellon University) and the University of Tennessee. He was then deployed to","title":"Kurt Vonnegut"},{"id":"7368147","text":"their fathers. Eddie Hayes (lawyer) Edward Walter Hayes is an American lawyer, journalist, and memoirist. He is known for his role in settling the estate of Andy Warhol and representing several organized crime figures. Tom Wolfe's character Tommy Killian in \"The Bonfire of the Vanities\" is based on Hayes. Hayes is often regularly featured on different radio stations, in both Ireland and the USA. Most recently, Hayes was portrayed as a character in the Broadway hit, Lucky Guy, starring Tom Hanks. Hayes was born in New York City in the neighborhood of Sunnyside, Queens, and grew up for a period","title":"Eddie Hayes (lawyer)"},{"id":"1542249","text":"An initial printing of 1.2 million copies was announced and the book stayed at number one on the \"New York Times\" bestseller list for ten weeks. Noted author John Updike wrote a critical review for \"The New Yorker\", complaining that the novel \"amounts to entertainment, not literature, even literature in a modest aspirant form.\" His comments sparked an intense war of words in the print and broadcast media among Wolfe and Updike, and authors John Irving and Norman Mailer, who also entered the fray. In 2001, Wolfe published an essay referring to these three authors as \"My Three Stooges.\" That","title":"Tom Wolfe"},{"id":"17792434","text":"Timeline of women's education This is a timeline of women's education. 1237 1239 1608 1636 1639 1644 1674 1678 1685 1727 1732 1742 1751 1783 1786 1787 1788 1803 1818 1822 1823 1826 1827 1829 1831 1834 1834 1837 1839 1841 1842 1843 1844 1847 1849 1850 1851 1852 1853 1854 1855 1857 1858 1859 1860 1861 1862 1863 1864 1865 1866 1866 1867 1868 1869 1870: 1871 1872: 1873: 1874: 1875: 1876: 1877: 1878: 1878: 1879: 1880: 1881: 1882: 1883: 1885: 1886: 1887: 1889: 1890: 1891: 1892: 1893: 1894: 1895: 1896: 1898: 1900: 1901: 1902: 1903: 1904: 1905: 1906:","title":"Timeline of women's education"},{"id":"16543966","text":"a particular interest in Susan, a nurse who had worked in a hospital where a bomb exploded a month earlier, killing 302 people. She had thought of hiring Heller to find the culprit, but changed her mind at the last minute and began to think of hiring Wolfe instead. The number six figures in every person's account, but a remark by one client – about Heller's winning tip on a racehorse named Zero – prompts Wolfe to have everyone brought back to his office. With the pencils laid out on his desk as they were on Heller's, Wolfe explains that","title":"The Zero Clue"},{"id":"6478397","text":"Great Scott Great Scott! is an interjection of surprise, amazement, or dismay. It is a distinctive but inoffensive exclamation, popular in the second half of the 19th century and the early 20th century, and now considered dated. It originates as a minced oath, historically associated with two specific \"Scotts\", notably Scottish author Sir Walter Scott and somewhat later in the United States, US general Winfield Scott. It is frequently assumed that \"Great Scott!\" is a minced oath of some sort, \"Scott\" replacing \"God\". The 2010 edition of the \"Oxford Dictionary of English\" labels the expression as \"dated\" and simply identifies","title":"Great Scott"},{"id":"15229984","text":"240-279: 1 point. 280 or higher: 1 point. If cigarette smoker: Age 20–39 years: 8 points. • Age 40–49 years: 5 points. • Age 50–59 years: 3 points. • Age 60–69 years: 1 point. • Age 70–79 years: 1 point. All non smokers: 0 points. HDL cholesterol, mg/dL: 60 or higher: Minus 1 point. 50-59: 0 points. 40-49: 1 point. Under 40: 2 points. Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg: Untreated: Under 120: 0 points. 120-129: 0 points. 130-139: 1 point. 140-159: 1 point. 160 or higher: 2 points. • Treated: Under 120: 0 points. 120-129: 1 point. 130-139: 2 points.","title":"Framingham Risk Score"},{"id":"10995217","text":"lies its menace. When Ben instructs Gus verbally, while practicing their \"routine\" for killing their next victim, he leaves out the most important line, which instructs Gus to \"take out\" his \"gun\" (Pinter, \"The Dumb Waiter\" 114–15): \"BEN \"frowns and presses his forehead\".<br> GUS. You've missed something out.<br> BEN. I know. What?<br> GUS. I haven't taken my gun out, according to you.<br> BEN. You take your gun out—<br> GUS. After I've closed the door.<br> BEN. After you've closed the door.<br> GUS. You've never missed that out before, you know that?<br> The crucial significance of the omission becomes clear only at","title":"Comedy of menace"},{"id":"2573033","text":"= 5 × 67, divisible by the number of primes below it. 336 = 2 × 3 × 7, Harshad number, untouchable number, also the number of dimples on an American golf ball. 337, prime number, permutable prime with 373 and 733, Chen prime, star number 338 = 2 × 13, nontotient. 339 = 3 × 113 340 = 2 × 5 × 17, sum of eight consecutive primes (29 + 31 + 37 + 41 + 43 + 47 + 53 + 59), sum of ten consecutive primes (17 + 19 + 23 + 29 + 31 + 37","title":"300 (number)"},{"id":"3361164","text":"Liar's Poker Liar's Poker is a non-fiction, semi-autobiographical book by Michael Lewis describing the author's experiences as a bond salesman on Wall Street during the late 1980s. First published in 1989, it is considered one of the books that defined Wall Street during the 1980s, along with Bryan Burrough and John Helyar's \"\", and the fictional \"The Bonfire of the Vanities\" by Tom Wolfe. The book captures an important period in the history of Wall Street. Two important figures in that history feature prominently in the text, the head of Salomon Brothers' mortgage department Lewis Ranieri and the firm's CEO","title":"Liar's Poker"},{"id":"7090227","text":"explaining to Nobby that he could not stand up to Florence: \"And if you think I've got the force of character to come back with a \"nolle prosequi\"—\"\"A what?\"\"One of Jeeves's gags. It means roughly 'Nuts to you!' If, I say, you think I'm capable of asserting myself and giving her the bird, you greatly overestimate the Wooster fortitude.\" Jeeves introduces \"rem acu tetigisti\" in chapter 4 of \"Joy in the Morning\", translating it as \"You have touched the matter with a needle\", which Bertie rephrases as \"Put my finger on the nub\". In addition to using this phrase in","title":"Joy in the Morning (Wodehouse novel)"},{"id":"9373646","text":"\"Woot! Woot!\", doing so as a statement of victory, or applauding good news. (Some people today say \"Woot! Woot!\" while making the hand-gesture of pulling a train's horn cord.) Alternatively, attempts are made to relate it to the Scots word \"hoots\", which is used in a somewhat similar manner — an exclamation signifying surprise, disbelief, or kindred reaction, though not for positive feelings (delight, joy) as w00t is. This is also along the line of some peoples use of \"W00t?\", replacing 'wot?' or 'what?' as a response to a happy surprise. The word was featured on the list of Merriam-Webster's","title":"W00t"},{"id":"17994181","text":"If This Isn't Nice, What Is?: Advice to the Young If This Isn't Nice, What Is?: Advice to the Young (Seven Stories Press) is a 2013 collection of nine commencement speeches from Kurt Vonnegut, selected and introduced by Dan Wakefield. After the publication of his novel \"Slaughterhouse-Five\" brought him worldwide acclaim in 1969, Kurt Vonnegut became one of America's most popular graduation speakers. There were years when public speaking was Vonnegut's main source of income. \"We are performing animals,\" he used to say somewhat sardonically. In these speeches Vonnegut jokes, entertains, inspires, and conveys something of the momentousness of life.","title":"If This Isn't Nice, What Is?: Advice to the Young"},{"id":"13264927","text":"the opening sequence; its theme song, composed by Danny Elfman in 1989; \"Treehouse of Horror\" episodes, which have themselves inspired an offshoot of merchandise; its use of cultural references; sight gags; and the use of catchphrases, such as Homer's annoyed grunt \"D'oh!\". \"The Simpsons\" has won dozens of awards since it debuted as a series, including 24 Primetime Emmy Awards, 26 Annie Awards and a Peabody Award. In a 1998 issue celebrating the 20th century's greatest achievements in arts and entertainment, \"Time\" magazine named \"The Simpsons\" the century's best television series. On January 14, 2000, the Simpsons were awarded a","title":"The Simpsons (franchise)"},{"id":"15229981","text":"point. 200-239: 1 point. 240-279: 2 points. 280 or higher: 2 points. If cigarette smoker: Age 20–39 years: 9 points. • Age 40–49 years: 7 points. • Age 50–59 years: 4 points. • Age 60–69 years: 2 points. • Age 70–79 years: 1 point. All non smokers: 0 points. HDL cholesterol, mg/dL: 60 or higher: Minus 1 point. 50-59: 0 points. 40-49: 1 point. Under 40: 2 points. Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg: Untreated: Under 120: 0 points. 120-129: 1 point. 130-139: 2 points. 140-159: 3 points. 160 or higher: 4 points. • Treated: Under 120: 0 points. 120-129: 3","title":"Framingham Risk Score"},{"id":"5933851","text":"armor, emerge from the helmet's visor and then parachute onto the table. They unwittingly catch Tom's attention by showering him with champagne. After hiding from Tom by wearing white paper decorations from the standing rib roast to look like two ribs, Jerry runs off, but little Nibbles begins making a ham sandwich while singing \"Alouette\" to himself. Tom emerges behind him and pokes him with his sword, and the angry Nibbles yells in protest: \"He, attention-la! Vous pourez faire mal a quelqu'un, Monsieur Pussycat!...Pussycat?! Au secours! Au secours! Le pussycat! Le pussycat!\" (Hey! Watch it! You could hurt someone like","title":"The Two Mouseketeers"},{"id":"1847546","text":"a sentence to denote irony. He was one of many, including Desiderius Erasmus, who felt there was a need for such a punctuation mark, but Wilkins' proposal, as was true of the other attempts, failed to take hold. Although it has now become rare, it is correct usage in Spanish to begin a sentence with an opening inverted exclamation mark (\"¡\") and end it with a question mark (\"?\"), or vice versa, for statements that are questions but also have a clear sense of exclamation or surprise such as: (\"Who do you think you are?!\"). Normally, four signs are used,","title":"Inverted question and exclamation marks"},{"id":"20443678","text":"Yas (slang) Yas is a slang term for \"yes.\" \"Yas\" was added to Oxford Dictionaries in 2017, and defined as a form of exclamation meaning, \"expressing great pleasure or excitement\". Yas was defined by Oxygen's Scout Durwood as \"a more emphatic 'yes' often paired with 'queen.' The more A's in a yaaaaas, the higher the grade of excitement.\" \"Yass\" was used by the character Dean Moriarty (Neal Cassady) in Jack Kerouac's \"On the Road\", published in 1957. Yas also has roots in late 1980s ball culture, an LGBT subculture in the United States, and was adopted by the wider queer","title":"Yas (slang)"},{"id":"14484594","text":"Jay Cantor Jay Cantor (born 1948 New York City) is an American novelist and essayist. He graduated from Harvard University with a BA, and from University of California, Santa Cruz with a Ph.D. He teaches at Tufts University. He lives in Cambridge, Massachusetts, with his wife, Melinda Marble, and their daughter, Grace. His work appeared in \"The Harvard Crimson\". He was on the 2009 ArtScience Competition jury. To call Jay Cantor the thinking man's Tom Wolfe is a little unfair to Tom Wolfe, who surely believes, and with some justification, that he's the thinking man's Tom Wolfe. It's also a","title":"Jay Cantor"},{"id":"2734191","text":"by the lapels and won't let go\", but criticized its sometimes superficial characters, saying when \"the book is over, there is an odd aftertaste, not entirely pleasant.\" In 1990, \"Bonfire\" was adapted into a film starring Tom Hanks as Sherman McCoy, Kim Cattrall as his wife Judy, Melanie Griffith as his mistress Maria, and Bruce Willis as journalist (and narrator of the film) Peter Fallow. The screenplay was written by Michael Cristofer. Wolfe was paid $750,000 for the rights. The film, however, was a commercial and critical flop. An opera adaptation, with music by Stefania de Kenessey and libretto and","title":"The Bonfire of the Vanities"},{"id":"13382943","text":"1490s in poetry Nationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature (for instance, Irish or France). 1491: 1492: 1493: 1494: 1495: 1496: 1497: 1498: 1499: Death years link to the corresponding \"[year] in poetry\" article. There are conflicting or unreliable sources for the birth years of many people born in this period; where sources conflict, the poet is listed again and the conflict is noted: 1490: 1491: 1492: 1493: 1494: 1495: 1496: 1497: 1498: 1499: Birth years link to the corresponding \"[year] in poetry\" article: 1490: 1491: 1492: 1493: 1494: 1495: 1496: 1497: 1498: 1499:","title":"1490s in poetry"},{"id":"10002174","text":"scoring works similarly for five-pin bowling, except strikes are worth 15 points rather than 10 (as the pins are scored with the values of 2, 3, 5, 3, and 2). Two consecutive strikes are referred to as a \"double\" (or a \"Barney Rubble\" to rhyme) aka the \"rhino\". Three strikes bowled consecutively is known as a \"turkey\". Any longer string of strikes is referred to by a number affixed to the word \"bagger,\" as in \"four-bagger\" for four consecutive strikes. Broadcaster Rob Stone created the name \"hambone\" to describe four consecutive strikes. When a player is \"on the strikes\", a","title":"Strike (bowling)"},{"id":"13382944","text":"Other events: 16th century: 1490s in poetry Nationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature (for instance, Irish or France). 1491: 1492: 1493: 1494: 1495: 1496: 1497: 1498: 1499: Death years link to the corresponding \"[year] in poetry\" article. There are conflicting or unreliable sources for the birth years of many people born in this period; where sources conflict, the poet is listed again and the conflict is noted: 1490: 1491: 1492: 1493: 1494: 1495: 1496: 1497: 1498: 1499: Birth years link to the corresponding \"[year] in poetry\" article: 1490: 1491: 1492: 1493: 1494: 1495:","title":"1490s in poetry"},{"id":"14484596","text":"writers, both of whom ardently believe in the power of fiction to bring an American moment to life. Jay Cantor Jay Cantor (born 1948 New York City) is an American novelist and essayist. He graduated from Harvard University with a BA, and from University of California, Santa Cruz with a Ph.D. He teaches at Tufts University. He lives in Cambridge, Massachusetts, with his wife, Melinda Marble, and their daughter, Grace. His work appeared in \"The Harvard Crimson\". He was on the 2009 ArtScience Competition jury. To call Jay Cantor the thinking man's Tom Wolfe is a little unfair to Tom","title":"Jay Cantor"},{"id":"75684","text":"fifth point pays at 249-to-1 and the 6th point pays at 999-to-1. Note that the points must all be different numbers for them to count towards the fire bet. For example, a shooter who successfully hits a point of 10 twice will only garner credit for the first one on the fire bet. Players must hit the established point in order for it to count toward the fire bet. The payout is determine by the number of points which have been established and hit after the shooter sevens out. Bonus Craps: Is a registered trademark owned by Galaxy Gaming. Prior","title":"Craps"},{"id":"19944603","text":"one for all,\" cry Athos, Porthos, and Aramis, raising their rapiers as they segue into their own scatting-routine. Cut to Robinson, Friday, Napoleon, and Omar Khayyam, who stand amongst the books bobbing about happily to the tune. There is a universal burst of applause as the musketeers conclude their number: Henry VIII, surrounded (presumably) by some of his wives, shouts \"Whoopee!\" Nearby, Marc Antony crawls out of \"Antony and Cleopatra\", shouting, as if in \"Julius Caesar\", \"Friends, Romans, countrymen...lend your ears to that dear old maestro!\" The camera pans to a portly Emperor Nero, who stands before a book containing","title":"Three's a Crowd (Merrie Melodies)"},{"id":"1416127","text":"a \"tiresome embarrassment\". The following week, \"The Guardian\" noted that Gervais had responded with \"an exhilaratingly foul-mouthed tirade\" on his website, concluding with the sentence \"yes I am resting on my fucking laurels you cunt!\" In this video, Gervais mocked Jim Shelley typing the words \"resting on his laurels\" as Gervais jokingly lashed out by stating that he was resting on his laurels and that he was not going to make another show for television, quipping: \"What's the point? What is there to beat?\" Gervais lives between Hampstead and New York City with his partner, producer and author Jane Fallon,","title":"Ricky Gervais"},{"id":"91245","text":"me off me plates – the septic was wearing a syrup! I couldn't believe me mincers, so I ran up the apples, got straight on the dog to me trouble and we had a Turkish.\" In some examples the meaning is further obscured by adding a second iteration of rhyme and truncation to the original rhymed phrase. For example, the word \"Aris\" is often used to indicate the buttocks. This is the result of a double rhyme, starting with the original rough synonym \"arse\", which is rhymed with \"bottle and glass\", leading to \"bottle\". \"Bottle\" was then rhymed with \"Aristotle\"","title":"Rhyming slang"},{"id":"9065730","text":"or a startler. In hacker culture, the exclamation mark is called \"bang\", \"shriek\", or, in the British slang known as Commonwealth Hackish, \"pling\". For example, the password communicated in the spoken phrase \"Your password is em-nought-pee-aitch-pling-en-three\" is codice_1. The exclamation mark is common to languages using the Latin alphabet, although usage varies slightly between languages. The exclamation mark was also adopted in languages written in other scripts, such as Greek, Russian, Arabic, Hebrew, Chinese, Korean, Japanese and Devanagari, but it has never been found in Hindi. A sentence ending in an exclamation mark may be an exclamation (such as \"Wow!\",","title":"Exclamation mark"},{"id":"9065731","text":"\"Boo!\"), or an imperative (\"Stop!\"), or may indicate astonishment or surprise: \"They were the footprints of a gigantic hound!\" Exclamation marks are occasionally placed mid-sentence with a function similar to a comma, for dramatic effect, although this usage is obsolete: \"On the walk, oh! there was a frightful noise.\" Informally, exclamation marks may be repeated for additional emphasis (\"That's great!!!\"), but this practice is generally considered unacceptable in formal prose. The exclamation mark is sometimes used in conjunction with the question mark. This can be in protest or astonishment (\"Out of all places, the squatter-camp?!\"); a few writers replace this","title":"Exclamation mark"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"id\": \"1542261\",\n \"text\": \"the terms \\\"statusphere\\\", \\\"the right stuff\\\", \\\"radical chic\\\", \\\"the Me Decade\\\" and \\\"good ol' boy\\\" into the English lexicon. Wolfe was at times incorrectly credited with coining the term \\\"trophy wife\\\". His term for extremely thin women in his novel \\\"The Bonfire of the Vanities\\\" was \\\"X-rays\\\". According to journalism professor Ben Yagoda, Wolfe is also responsible for the use of the present tense in magazine profile pieces; before he began doing so in the early 1960s, profile articles had always been written in the past tense. Tom Wolfe Thomas Kennerly Wolfe Jr. (March 2, 1930 – May 14, 2018)\",\n \"title\": \"Tom Wolfe\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1542230\",\n \"text\": \"and \\\"The Kandy-Kolored Tangerine-Flake Streamline Baby\\\". In 1979, he published the influential book \\\"The Right Stuff\\\" about the Mercury Seven astronauts, which was made into a 1983 film of the same name directed by Philip Kaufman. His first novel, \\\"The Bonfire of the Vanities\\\", published in 1987, was met with critical acclaim and also became a commercial success. It was adapted as a major motion picture of the same name directed by Brian De Palma. Wolfe was born on March 2, 1930, in Richmond, Virginia, the son of Helen Perkins Hughes Wolfe, a garden designer, and Thomas Kennerly Wolfe Sr.,\",\n \"title\": \"Tom Wolfe\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2734175\",\n \"text\": \"The Bonfire of the Vanities The Bonfire of the Vanities is a 1987 satirical novel by Tom Wolfe. The story is a drama about ambition, racism, social class, politics, and greed in 1980s New York City and centers on three main characters: WASP bond trader Sherman McCoy, Jewish assistant district attorney Larry Kramer, and British expatriate journalist Peter Fallow. The novel was originally conceived as a serial in the style of Charles Dickens' writings; it ran in 27 installments in \\\"Rolling Stone\\\" starting in 1984. Wolfe heavily revised it before it was published in book form. The novel was a\",\n \"title\": \"The Bonfire of the Vanities\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7842262\",\n \"text\": \"The Bonfire of the Vanities (film) The Bonfire of the Vanities is a 1990 American satirical black comedy film directed by Brian De Palma. The screenplay, written by Michael Cristofer, was adapted from the best-selling novel of the same name by Tom Wolfe. The film, which was a critical and commercial flop, stars Tom Hanks, Bruce Willis, Melanie Griffith, and Kim Cattrall. The original music score was composed by Dave Grusin. The film was a box office bomb, grossing just $15 million against its $47 million budget. The controversies surrounding the film were detailed in a book called \\\"The Devil's\",\n \"title\": \"The Bonfire of the Vanities (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6278996\",\n \"text\": \"Appeals in January 1985. The same month as his appointment, Wachtler was quoted by the New York Daily News as saying that \\\"district attorneys now have so much influence on grand juries that 'by and large' they could get them to 'indict a ham sandwich.'\\\" This quote was then used by Tom Wolfe (and attributed to Wachtler) in Wolfe's 1987 novel \\\"The Bonfire of the Vanities\\\", paraphrased into \\\"a grand jury would 'indict a ham sandwich,' if that's what you wanted.\\\" As of 2018, the \\\"ham sandwich\\\" phrase remains in common usage in legal discussions. Wachtler's decision in \\\"Chapadeau v.\",\n \"title\": \"Sol Wachtler\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2734192\",\n \"text\": \"direction by Michael Bergmann, premiered in New York on October 9, 2015. Amazon Studios, in association with Warner Bros. TV, is working on an eight-episode, one-hour drama series based on the book, produced by Chuck Lorre. It will be distributed through Amazon Video. The Bonfire of the Vanities The Bonfire of the Vanities is a 1987 satirical novel by Tom Wolfe. The story is a drama about ambition, racism, social class, politics, and greed in 1980s New York City and centers on three main characters: WASP bond trader Sherman McCoy, Jewish assistant district attorney Larry Kramer, and British expatriate journalist\",\n \"title\": \"The Bonfire of the Vanities\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7842275\",\n \"text\": \"the human condition, that the satire is about as socially incisive as a Police Academy entry.\\\" Vincent Canby in \\\"The New York Times\\\" denounced \\\"Brian De Palma's gross, unfunny movie adaptation.\\\" Owen Gleiberman of \\\"Entertainment Weekly\\\" called it, \\\"one of the most indecently bad movies of the year.\\\" Rita Kempley said in \\\"The Washington Post\\\", \\\"the director has become one with the buffoons Wolfe scored in his bestseller. He has not only filed Wolfe's teeth but stuck his tail between his legs,\\\" and called the film, \\\"A calamity of miscasting and commercial concessions.\\\" In \\\"Rolling Stone\\\", Peter Travers wrote, \\\"On\",\n \"title\": \"The Bonfire of the Vanities (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7842277\",\n \"text\": \"scribes of the Old Testament among its victims - but you'd be hard-pressed to find an adaptation that screws up as royally as Brian De Palma's take on \\\"The Bonfire of the Vanities\\\". Miscast, misguided and miserably unfunny, Tom Wolfe's black satire about avarice, prejudice and criminal injustice in the loony-toon town of New York has been raped, stripped of all ambiguity and dimension,\\\" and he ended the review by saying, \\\"What a mess.\\\" Of the way Tom Wolfe's story was adapted, Brian De Palma said, \\\"The initial concept of it was incorrect. If you're going to do \\\"The Bonfire\",\n \"title\": \"The Bonfire of the Vanities (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7842283\",\n \"text\": \"a revised title, \\\"The Devil's Candy: The Anatomy of a Hollywood Fiasco\\\", and further material by Salamon (in which she describes Bruce Willis's negative reaction to the book). The Bonfire of the Vanities (film) The Bonfire of the Vanities is a 1990 American satirical black comedy film directed by Brian De Palma. The screenplay, written by Michael Cristofer, was adapted from the best-selling novel of the same name by Tom Wolfe. The film, which was a critical and commercial flop, stars Tom Hanks, Bruce Willis, Melanie Griffith, and Kim Cattrall. The original music score was composed by Dave Grusin. The\",\n \"title\": \"The Bonfire of the Vanities (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5933509\",\n \"text\": \"the first of 16 great guest stars on \\\"The Simpsons\\\". The episode is also notable for having predicted the team matchup for Super Bowl XLVIII between the Denver Broncos and the Seattle Seahawks. The title of the episode is a reference to the novel \\\"The Bonfire of the Vanities\\\" by Tom Wolfe. The Bonfire of the Manatees \\\"The Bonfire of the Manatees\\\" is the first episode of \\\"The Simpsons<nowiki>'</nowiki>\\\" seventeenth season. It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on September 11, 2005, making it the first \\\"Simpsons\\\" season premiere to air in September since the eleventh\",\n \"title\": \"The Bonfire of the Manatees\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2734176\",\n \"text\": \"bestseller and a phenomenal success, even in comparison with Wolfe's other books. It has often been called the quintessential novel of the 1980s. The title is a reference to the historical Bonfire of the Vanities, which happened in 1497 in Florence, Italy, when the city was under the rule of the Dominican priest Girolamo Savonarola, who ordered the burning of objects that church authorities considered sinful, such as cosmetics, mirrors, books and art. Wolfe intended his novel to capture the essence of New York City in the 1980s. Wall Street in the 1980s was newly resurgent after most of the\",\n \"title\": \"The Bonfire of the Vanities\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1542248\",\n \"text\": \"Wolfe researched and revised for two years, and his \\\"The Bonfire of the Vanities\\\" was published in 1987. The book was a commercial and critical success, spending weeks on bestseller lists and earning praise from the very literary establishment on which Wolfe had long heaped scorn. Because of the success of Wolfe's first novel, there was widespread interest in his second. This novel took him more than 11 years to complete; \\\"A Man in Full\\\" was published in 1998. The book's reception was not universally favorable, though it received glowing reviews in \\\"Time\\\", \\\"Newsweek\\\", \\\"The Wall Street Journal\\\", and elsewhere.\",\n \"title\": \"Tom Wolfe\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2734189\",\n \"text\": \"resulted in the freezing of his assets. The all-but-forgotten Henry Lamb succumbs to his injuries from the accident; McCoy, penniless and estranged from his wife and daughter, awaits trial for vehicular manslaughter. In the novel's closing, Tommy Killian holds forth: \\\"Bonfire\\\" was Wolfe's first novel. Wolfe's prior works were mostly non-fiction journalistic articles and books. His earlier short stories appeared in his collection \\\"Mauve Gloves & Madmen, Clutter & Vine\\\". According to Wolfe, the characters are composites of many individuals and cultural observations. However, some characters were based on real people. Wolfe has acknowledged the character of Tommy Killian is\",\n \"title\": \"The Bonfire of the Vanities\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2734190\",\n \"text\": \"based on New York lawyer Edward Hayes, to whom the book is dedicated. The character of the Reverend Bacon is considered by many to be based on the Reverends Al Sharpton and/or Jesse Jackson, who have both campaigned under the banner of eliminating racism. In 2007, on the book's 20th anniversary of publication, \\\"The New York Times\\\" published a retrospective on how the city had changed since Wolfe's novel. The book was a major bestseller, and also received strong reviews. \\\"The New York Times\\\" praised the book, saying it was \\\"a big, bitter, funny, craftily plotted book that grabs you\",\n \"title\": \"The Bonfire of the Vanities\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10844864\",\n \"text\": \"to Dream\\\". Stalking the Billion-Footed Beast \\\"Stalking the Billion-Footed Beast\\\" is an essay by Tom Wolfe that appeared in the November 1989 issue of \\\"Harper's Magazine\\\" criticizing the American literary establishment for retreating from realism. After being serialized in \\\"Rolling Stone\\\" magazine, Wolfe's first novel, \\\"The Bonfire of the Vanities\\\" was published in 1987. Prior to the novel, Wolfe had made his career as a journalist and author of non-fiction books. Wolfe had been a pioneer of \\\"New Journalism,\\\" a style of non-fiction that relied heavily on novelistic techniques such as the use of scene, dialogue, first-person point of view\",\n \"title\": \"Stalking the Billion-Footed Beast\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10844856\",\n \"text\": \"Stalking the Billion-Footed Beast \\\"Stalking the Billion-Footed Beast\\\" is an essay by Tom Wolfe that appeared in the November 1989 issue of \\\"Harper's Magazine\\\" criticizing the American literary establishment for retreating from realism. After being serialized in \\\"Rolling Stone\\\" magazine, Wolfe's first novel, \\\"The Bonfire of the Vanities\\\" was published in 1987. Prior to the novel, Wolfe had made his career as a journalist and author of non-fiction books. Wolfe had been a pioneer of \\\"New Journalism,\\\" a style of non-fiction that relied heavily on novelistic techniques such as the use of scene, dialogue, first-person point of view from the\",\n \"title\": \"Stalking the Billion-Footed Beast\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13331530\",\n \"text\": \"Loren and Mario Van Peebles. Best Feature Film, Feature Audience Award, Best Actress for Bonnie Loren – The New York International Independent Film and Video Festival. Bergmann wrote the libretto for Stefania de Kenessey’s opera based on Tom Wolfe’s novel \\\"The Bonfire of the Vanities\\\" and directed the premiere in New York on October 9th, 2015. Bergmann has been inspired by the innovative dialogue of Harold Pinter and David Mamet, but says he does not share their concerns. \\\"To be as angry as Pinter you have to be able to see something from a single point of view. The minute\",\n \"title\": \"Michael Bergmann\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2734178\",\n \"text\": \"of Brooklyn in 1982, and Michael Griffith in Howard Beach, Queens, in 1986. In another episode that became a subject of much media attention, Bernhard Goetz became something of a folk-hero in the city for shooting a group of black men who tried to rob him in the subway in 1984. Burton B. Roberts, a Bronx judge known for his no-nonsense imperious handling of cases in his courtroom, became the model for the character of Myron Kovitsky in the book. Throughout his early career, Wolfe had planned to write a novel that would capture the wide spectrum of American society.\",\n \"title\": \"The Bonfire of the Vanities\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11224501\",\n \"text\": \"from the processed meat. A ham sandwich was suspected of causing an outbreak of swine fever in the UK in 2000. New York State chief judge Sol Wachtler was famously quoted by Tom Wolfe in \\\"The Bonfire of the Vanities\\\" that \\\"a grand jury would 'indict a ham sandwich,' if that's what you wanted.\\\" A fictional talking ham sandwich appeared in an online noir serial in the late 1990s, and the publishers sued in 1999 when a similar character appeared in a television advertisement for Florida orange juice, though the suit was withdrawn. The name \\\"ham sandwich\\\" is sometimes used\",\n \"title\": \"Ham sandwich\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2734181\",\n \"text\": \"with many of the traders who later founded the notorious hedge fund Long-Term Capital Management.) Wolfe researched and revised for two years. \\\"The Bonfire of the Vanities\\\" appeared in 1987. The book was a commercial and critical success, spending weeks on bestseller lists and earning praise from much of the literary establishment on which Wolfe had long heaped scorn. The story centers on Sherman McCoy, a successful New York City bond trader. His $3 million Park Avenue co-op, combined with his aristocratic wife's extravagances and other expenses required to keep up appearances are depleting his great income, or as Sherman\",\n \"title\": \"The Bonfire of the Vanities\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10733181\",\n \"text\": \"currently writing a script for Maven Pictures about the life of Clementine Churchill. She is also developing a series of Tom Wolfe's classic book, \\\"Bonfire of the Vanities\\\" with Chuck Lorre and Warner Brothers TV. Nagle's paternal descent is Irish. Nagle is named after her great aunt, modern dance pioneer Margaret Newell H'Doubler. Nagle, who has a brother with a brain injury from a car accident, is actively involved in furthering rights and visibility for people with disabilities and is on the board of United Cerebral Palsy of Southern California. Nagle recently received the Media Access Award from the Writers\",\n \"title\": \"Margaret Nagle\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3862796\",\n \"text\": \"Global Markets. Two members of the Salomon Brothers' bond arbitrage, John Meriwether and Myron Scholes, later became a founder and a consultant for Long-Term Capital Management, a hedge fund that collapsed in 1998. The firm's top bond traders called themselves \\\"Big Swinging Dicks,\\\" and were the inspiration for the book \\\"The Bonfire of the Vanities\\\", by Tom Wolfe. Salomon Brothers' success and decline in the 1980s is documented in Michael Lewis' 1989 book, \\\"Liar's Poker\\\". Lewis went through Salomon's training program and then became a bond salesman at Salomon Brothers in London. The last years of Salomon Brothers, culminating in\",\n \"title\": \"Salomon Brothers\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1561523\",\n \"text\": \"he had not \\\"seen anything that looked like this since London after the Blitz\\\". The 1987 novel \\\"The Bonfire of the Vanities\\\", by the American writer Tom Wolfe, presented the South Bronx as a nightmare world, not to be entered by middle or upper-class whites. Beginning in the late 1980s, parts of the South Bronx started to experience urban renewal with rehabilitated and brand new residential structures, including both subsidized multifamily townhomes and apartment buildings. The Bright Temple A.M.E. Church was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983. Over 1 billion US dollars were spent on rebuilding\",\n \"title\": \"South Bronx\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10844857\",\n \"text\": \"subjects of the stories and recording minute details of everyday routine. In his novel, \\\"Bonfire of the Vanities\\\", Wolfe used many of the writing techniques in his journalism, but this time to tell what Wolfe called a \\\"fictional novel\\\" (though novel traditionally denotes fiction and is hence redundant, Wolfe's \\\"New Journalism\\\" was sometimes described as non-fiction novels). In addition, Wolfe set out in \\\"Bonfire\\\" to capture the spirit of New York City in the 1980s. The book was a commercial success, becoming a New York Times Bestseller and earning critical praise. In his \\\"Harper's\\\" essay, Wolfe (at the time a\",\n \"title\": \"Stalking the Billion-Footed Beast\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7842269\",\n \"text\": \"is applauding Peter Fallow's premiere of his book. Fallow says that Sherman McCoy has moved away from New York City to an unknown destination, presumably to live in obscurity. The novel of \\\"The Bonfire of the Vanities\\\" was a bestseller. Warner Bros. bought the rights from author Tom Wolfe for $750,000. The film was plagued by controversy. Among them were the acting choices: The studio made significant changes to the source material, making Sherman McCoy more sympathetic and adding a subplot involving a minor character, Judge Leonard White. In one notable scene in the film, Maria Ruskin (Melanie Griffith) arrives\",\n \"title\": \"The Bonfire of the Vanities (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11793066\",\n \"text\": \"of the Art World\\\", published by Grove Atlantic. Haden-Guest is known for being humorously irreverent, as seen in the following quote on Gawker.com: The massive streak of Puritanism in America has reasserted itself, especially amongst liberals. When I moved to New York there were still a bunch of good writers, often half-drunk, but still very good writers. That doesn't exist any more. Where do they go? They probably go and teach at Bard. In response to a suggestion that Peter Fallow in the Tom Wolfe novel \\\"The Bonfire of the Vanities\\\" (1987) was based on British expatriate journalist Christopher Hitchens,\",\n \"title\": \"Anthony Haden-Guest\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1542253\",\n \"text\": \"Wolfe as \\\"a brilliantly gifted social observer and satirist\\\" who \\\"made a fetish of close and often comically slashing detail\\\" and was \\\"unafraid of kicking up at the pretensions of the literary establishment.\\\" Critic James Wood disparaged Wolfe's \\\"big subjects, big people, and yards of flapping exaggeration. No one of average size emerges from his shop; in fact, no real human variety can be found in his fiction, because everyone has the same enormous excitability.\\\" Wolfe was in 2000 criticised by Norman Mailer, John Updike and John Irving, after they were asked if they believed that his books were deserving\",\n \"title\": \"Tom Wolfe\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17792435\",\n \"text\": \"1907: 1908: 1909: 1910: 1911: 1912: 1913: 1914: 1915: 1917: 1918: 1920: 1921: 1922: 1923: 1925: 1926: 1927: 1928: 1929: 1930: 1931: 1932: 1933: 1934: 1935: 1936: 1937: 1938: 1940: 1941: 1942: 1943: 1945: 1946: 1947: 1949: 1950: 1951: 1955: 1957: 1959: 1962: 1963: 1964: 1965: 1966: 1969: 1970: 1971: 1972: 1975: 1976: 1977: 1978: 1979: 1980: 1982: 1983: 1984: 1987: 1988: 1994: 1996: 2001: 2005–2006: 2006: 2011: 2013: 2016: Timeline of women's education This is a timeline of women's education. 1237 1239 1608 1636 1639 1644 1674 1678 1685 1727 1732 1742 1751 1783 1786 1787 1788 1803 1818\",\n \"title\": \"Timeline of women's education\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8731813\",\n \"text\": \"Roach in poetry. Winner: Nominees: Winner: 2 Finalists: Nominees: Winner: Finalists: Nominees: Winner: Finalists: Nominees: Winner: Nominees: Winner: 2 Finalists: Nominees\\\":\\\" Winner: 2 Finalists: Nominees: Winner: 2 Finalists: Nominees: Winner: Nominees Winner: 2 Finalists: Nominees\\\":\\\" Winner: 2 Finalists: Nominees: Winner: 2 Finalists: Nominees: Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Nominees Winner Nominees Winner Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winners Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Nominees Winner\",\n \"title\": \"Hurston-Wright Legacy Award\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5206797\",\n \"text\": \"and more moneyed classes, Kempner defied the dress code of La Côte Basque's ladies’ room (which forbade pants for women) by simply removed her trousers. The thin, elegant blonde was said to be the inspiration for the term “social X-ray” in Tom Wolfe’s novel Bonfire of the Vanities. Kempner died on July 3, 2005, aged 74, from emphysema. Two months later her family held a memorial service in her honour at the auction house Christie's. 500 of her friends were in attendance. In December 2006 the Metropolitan Museum of Art's Costume Institute opened an exhibition of Kempner's extensive couture collection.\",\n \"title\": \"Nan Kempner\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15014547\",\n \"text\": \"Burton B. Roberts Burton Bennett Roberts (July 25, 1922 – October 24, 2010) served as Bronx district attorney before his election as a judge, later serving as the chief administrative judge for the New York Supreme Court in the Bronx until his retirement in 1998 after 25 years on the bench. His no-nonsense manner as a prosecutor and in court made him the model for the character Myron Kovitsky in the 1987 book \\\"The Bonfire of the Vanities\\\" by Tom Wolfe. Roberts was born on July 25, 1922, in New York City and earned his undergraduate degree in 1943 at\",\n \"title\": \"Burton B. Roberts\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3361177\",\n \"text\": \"more junk bonds. Lewis remarked in his conclusion that the 1980s were a time when anyone could make millions, provided they were in the right place at the right time, as exemplified by Lewis Ranieri's success. Liar's Poker Liar's Poker is a non-fiction, semi-autobiographical book by Michael Lewis describing the author's experiences as a bond salesman on Wall Street during the late 1980s. First published in 1989, it is considered one of the books that defined Wall Street during the 1980s, along with Bryan Burrough and John Helyar's \\\"\\\", and the fictional \\\"The Bonfire of the Vanities\\\" by Tom Wolfe.\",\n \"title\": \"Liar's Poker\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"124923\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"makes frantic clinging to earthly things completely pointless.\\\" Pope Francis cited Ecclesiastes on his address on September 9, 2014. Speaking of vain people, he said, \\\"How many Christians live for appearances? Their life seems like a soap bubble.\\\" Ecclesiastes has had a deep influence on Western literature. It contains several phrases that have resonated in British and American culture, such as \\\"eat, drink and be merry,\\\" \\\"nothing new under the sun,\\\" \\\"a time to be born and a time to die,\\\" and \\\"vanity of vanities; all is vanity.\\\" American novelist Thomas Wolfe wrote: \\\"[O]f all I have ever seen or\",\n \"title\": \"Ecclesiastes\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1542254\",\n \"text\": \"of their critical acclaim. Mailer compared reading a Wolfe novel to having sex with a 300lb woman, saying 'Once she gets to the top it's all over. Fall in love or be asphyxiated.' Updike was more literary in his reservedness: he claimed that one of his books 'amounts to entertainment, not literature, even literature in a modest aspirant form.' Irving was perhaps the most dismissive, saying 'It's like reading a bad newspaper or a bad piece in a magazine ... read sentences and watch yourself gag.' Wolfe responded, saying, 'It's a tantrum. It's a wonderful tantrum. \\\"A Man in Full\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"Tom Wolfe\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8100347\",\n \"text\": \"Box\\\", directed by Paul Newman (Golden Globe Award, Emmy nomination); \\\"Falling in Love\\\"; \\\"The Witches of Eastwick\\\", adapted from the novel by John Updike; \\\"The Bonfire of the Vanities,\\\" adapted from the novel by Tom Wolfe and directed by Brian De Palma; \\\"Breaking Up\\\", and \\\"Casanova\\\". His directing credits include \\\"Gia\\\", for HBO Pictures (starring Angelina Jolie, Mercedes Ruehl and Faye Dunaway), which was nominated for five Emmy Awards and for which he won a Directors Guild Award. He next directed \\\"Body Shots\\\"; and \\\"Original Sin\\\", which was released in 2001. For eight years he worked as artistic advisor and\",\n \"title\": \"Michael Cristofer\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9480572\",\n \"text\": \"in Robert Louis Stevenson's novel \\\"Treasure Island\\\" (1883). Her habitual refrain: \\\"Pieces of eight! Pieces of eight!\\\" In the narrative poem \\\"The Raven\\\" by Edgar Allan Poe the titular bird famously recites the word \\\"Nevermore\\\" throughout. Talking ravens are a notable element in the series \\\"A Song of Ice and Fire\\\" by author George R. R. Martin. One in particular has the ability to say \\\"Corn!\\\" when hungry, but many say \\\"Snow!\\\" as well. The 2017 \\\"Doctor Who\\\" episode \\\"The Eaters of Light\\\" depicts talking crows in Scotland at the time of the Picts' wars against the Romans. It further\",\n \"title\": \"Talking bird\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"235823\",\n \"text\": \"three years old as a child fashion model in television commercials. She was signed with Ford Models and Elite Model Management. At the age of six, she made her feature film debut in a minor role in Woody Allen's short film \\\"Oedipus Wrecks\\\"; it was released as one-third of the anthology film \\\"New York Stories\\\" (1989). Soon after, Dunst performed in the comedy-drama \\\"The Bonfire of the Vanities\\\" (1990), based on Tom Wolfe's novel of the same name, in which she played the daughter of Tom Hanks's character. In 1993, Dunst made a guest appearance in an episode of the\",\n \"title\": \"Kirsten Dunst\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2277222\",\n \"text\": \"wife, Jane Schindelheim. Throughout the 1970s and 1980s, Wenner played an integral role in popularizing writers such as Hunter S. Thompson, Ben Fong-Torres, Paul Nelson, Greil Marcus, Dave Marsh, Grover Lewis, Timothy Crouse, Timothy Ferris, Joe Klein, Cameron Crowe, Joe Eszterhas and P.J. O'Rourke. He also discovered photographer Annie Leibovitz when she was a 21-year-old San Francisco Art Institute student. Many of Wenner's proteges, such as Crowe, credit him with giving them their biggest breaks. Tom Wolfe recognized Wenner's influence in ensuring that his first novel, \\\"The Bonfire of the Vanities\\\", was completed, stating \\\"I was absolutely frozen with fright\",\n \"title\": \"Jann Wenner\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5933853\",\n \"text\": \"flying by Tom into a full wine glass – but Jerry saves him by hurling a tomato at Tom, followed by multiple vegetables and meat chunks. After impaling them all on his rapier, Tom then heats and eats them like a shish kebab. Nibbles, now drunk, climbs out of the glass. He pokes Tom in the rear-end, making him yowl and jump up, as Nibbles waves his sword, saying \\\"Touché, pussycat!\\\" But as he runs away, Tom catches him. Jerry makes the save by hitting Tom on the head with a mace so hard that Tom falls through the table,\",\n \"title\": \"The Two Mouseketeers\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3858198\",\n \"text\": \"which Croker is indebted, Roger Too White's former fraternity brother (now mayor of Atlanta), and the entirety of 'respectable' Atlanta society. \\\"A Man In Full\\\" is written much in the style of Wolfe's other fictions, such as \\\"The Bonfire of the Vanities\\\" and \\\"I Am Charlotte Simmons\\\". Released eleven years after Wolfe's bestselling novel \\\"The Bonfire of the Vanities\\\", \\\"A Man in Full\\\" was widely anticipated; Wolfe was known to be working on the research for this follow-up effort for several years. Most of the mainstream American newspapers and news magazines gave the book positive reviews. However, a second wave\",\n \"title\": \"A Man in Full\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7842271\",\n \"text\": \"requiring a 24-hour timelapse of Manhattan, from a camera platform beside a gargoyle on top of the Chrysler Building. Several of the sets parodied the home decorated by Robert Denning and Vincent Fourcade for Carolyne Roehm and Henry Kravis. The cover of Peter Fallow's book in the film has a similar design to the original first edition of Tom Wolfe's novel from 1987. Cristofer's original script ended cynically with the supposed victim of the hit-and-run walking out of the hospital, suggesting that the whole scenario was concocted. That ending did not test well with audiences and was dropped. Sherman and\",\n \"title\": \"The Bonfire of the Vanities (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9065736\",\n \"text\": \"exclamation mark (e.g., , , 'Oops! Oh!'), an interjection should only be separated from an extended exclamation by a comma (e.g., , , 'Oops! I left the stove on.'). In Spanish, a sentence or clause ending in an exclamation mark must also begin with an inverted exclamation mark (the same also applies to the question mark): , 'Are you crazy? You almost killed her!' As in British English, a bracketed exclamation mark may be used to indicate irony or surprise at a statement: , 'He said that he's not going to a party tonight(!).' Such use is not matched by\",\n \"title\": \"Exclamation mark\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7368143\",\n \"text\": \"to dedicating his 1987 novel \\\"The Bonfire of the Vanities\\\" to Hayes, Wolfe has acknowledged that he based the lawyer character Tommy Killian on him. Andy Warhol had met the lawyer briefly in the fall of 1980 and wrote in his diary: Defense lawyer named Ed Hayes who looked like he was from Laverne and Shirley, like a plant that people invite to parties to wear funny clothes and jump around and make things ‘kooky.’ Sort of forties clothes, really crew cut, about twenty-nine. He said, ‘I can get ya outta anything.’ In the 1990 American film classic Goodfellas, Hayes\",\n \"title\": \"Eddie Hayes (lawyer)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"121754\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Chrononhotonthologos\\\" (1743) holds the opening line: \\\"Aldiborontiphoscophornio! Where left you Chrononhotonthologos?\\\" Thomas Love Peacock put these creations into the mouth of the phrenologist Mr. Cranium in his 1816 romp \\\"Headlong Hall\\\": \\\"osteosarchaematosplanchnochondroneuromuelous\\\" (44 characters) and \\\"osseocarnisanguineoviscericartilaginonervomedullary\\\" (51 characters). James Joyce made up nine 100-letter words plus one 101-letter word in his novel \\\"Finnegans Wake\\\", the most famous of which is Bababadalgharaghtakamminarronnkonnbronntonnerronntuonnthunntrovarrhounawnskawntoohoohoordenenthurnuk. Appearing on the first page, it allegedly represents the symbolic thunderclap associated with the fall of Adam and Eve. As it appears nowhere else except in reference to this passage, it is generally not accepted as a real word.\",\n \"title\": \"Longest word in English\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"257981\",\n \"text\": \"as his German captors die laughing, with one German officer (Cleese) insisting the joke isn't funny before finally cracking up and then uttering a Woody Woodpecker-style laugh before expiring. The Germans attempt counter-jokes. For example, film is shown of Adolf Hitler supposedly saying \\\"My dog has no nose\\\", then a German soldier asking \\\"How does he smell?\\\", with Hitler replying \\\"Awful!\\\" Eventually their best \\\"V-joke\\\" (in reference to the V-1 flying bomb) is attempted on a radio broadcast: \\\"Der ver zwei peanuts, valking down der strasse, und von vas assaulted...peanut. Ohohohoho!\\\" Although the joke is followed triumphantly by the German\",\n \"title\": \"The Funniest Joke in the World\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15014553\",\n \"text\": \"retirement from the bench in 1998. Immortalized in \\\"The Bonfire of the Vanities\\\" as judge Myron Kovitsky, a character based on Roberts, he was one of the few sympathetic characters in the book, one who would not be swayed by prosecutors or the press. Wolfe dedicated the book to Roberts and one of his assistants, calling Roberts \\\"one of the great figures in New York\\\" and considered him \\\"the greatest single figure I've run into\\\". In the 1990 film adaptation of the book starring Tom Hanks, Bruce Willis and Melanie Griffith, the role of the judge was renamed to Leonard\",\n \"title\": \"Burton B. Roberts\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4835132\",\n \"text\": \"exclamation point. A few writers have used three or more exclamation points (\\\"!!!\\\") for an exceptionally brilliant move. For example, in Rotlewi-Rubinstein 1907, Hans Kmoch awarded Rubinstein's 22...Rxc3 three exclamation points. Likewise, an exceptionally bad blunder may be awarded three or more question marks (\\\"???\\\"). The general consensus among chess writers is that these symbols are unnecessary. A few writers have used unusual combinations of question marks and exclamation points (e.g. \\\"!!?\\\", \\\"?!?\\\", \\\"??!\\\") for particularly unusual or controversial moves, but these have no generally accepted meaning, and are typically used for humorous or entertainment purposes. Occasionally an annotation symbol\",\n \"title\": \"Chess annotation symbols\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13775082\",\n \"text\": \"bombs by hostile student audiences. However public opinion in the English-speaking world was slowly won over. By the eighties free market institutions were once again widely respected if not widely admired, despite the occasional popular work that tried to bring their dark side to the public's attention, such as Oliver Stone's film \\\"Wall Street\\\" and Tom Wolfe's novel \\\"The Bonfire of the Vanities\\\". Labour unrest and aggressive wage bargaining was a significant cause of the displacement especially in Britain but also in the United States. For about the first 15 years of the Keynesian age, labour relations were generally peaceful.\",\n \"title\": \"Post-war displacement of Keynesianism\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10395908\",\n \"text\": \"as one of his generation's most prominent social critics. The stories in \\\"The Pump House Gang\\\" are written in the style of New Journalism that Wolfe and other writers like Joan Didion and Gay Talese helped to popularize. According to Time Magazine's review of Wolfe's book: He uses a language that explodes with comic-book words like \\\"POW!\\\" and \\\"boing.\\\" His sentences are shot with ellipses, stabbed with exclamation points, or bombarded with long lists of brand names and anatomical terms. He is irritating, but he did develop a new journalistic idiom that has brought relief from standard Middle-High Journalese. Wolfe's\",\n \"title\": \"The Pump House Gang\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11485869\",\n \"text\": \"has failed to place among the top four teams only once, in 2012.Below is the list of eight nations that have finished in the top two in Thomas Cup. 2018: 2016: 2014: 2012: 2010: 2008: 2006: 2004: 2002: 2000: 1998: 1996: 1994: 1992: 2018: 2016: 2014: 2012: 2010: 2008: 2006: 2004: 2002: 2000: 1998: 1996: 1994: 1992: 1990: 1988: 1986: 1984: 1981: 1978: 1975: 1972: 1969: 2017 2015 2013 2011 2009 Even though they actually have a balance of strength in all events, they are known for producing many great doubles in the men's category. Their doubles had conquered the\",\n \"title\": \"Indonesia national badminton team\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17056748\",\n \"text\": \"the letter and publish it intact as reportage. The result, published in the November 1963 issue, was \\\"There Goes (Varoom! Varoom!) That Kandy-Kolored Tangerine-Flake Streamline Baby.\\\" The article was widely discussed — loved by some, hated by others — and helped Wolfe publish his first book, \\\"The Kandy-Kolored Tangerine-Flake Streamline Baby\\\". Wolfe also credited Dobell with the idea of changing Sherman McCoy, the protagonist of Wolfe's novel \\\"Bonfire of the Vanities\\\", from a writer to a bond trader. As the editor of \\\"Book World\\\" from 1967-1969, Dobell published numerous book reviews by Mario Puzo, including the first book review Puzo\",\n \"title\": \"Byron Dobell\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2044544\",\n \"text\": \"Callahan foils a bank robbery. He kills two of the robbers and wounds a third. Confronting the wounded robber, Callahan delivers the film's iconic line: I know what you're thinking: 'Did he fire six shots or only five?' Well, to tell you the truth, in all this excitement, I've kinda lost track myself. But being this is a .44 Magnum, the most powerful handgun in the world, and would blow your head clean off, you've got to ask yourself one question: 'Do I feel lucky?' Well, do you, punk? The robber surrenders to Callahan, but then replies that he needs\",\n \"title\": \"Dirty Harry\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1583443\",\n \"text\": \"the source of the popular writers' adage \\\"murder your darlings\\\". He is mentioned briefly in \\\"The Well of Lost Plots\\\" by Jasper Fforde as one of the few authors with a name beginning with the letter \\\"Q\\\". It is Quiller-Couch who originated the saying \\\"kill your darlings\\\": A collected edition of Q's fiction appeared as \\\"Tales and Romances\\\" (30 volumes, 1928–29). Arthur Quiller-Couch Sir Arthur Thomas Quiller-Couch (; 21 November 186312 May 1944) was a Cornish writer who published using the pseudonym Q. Although a prolific novelist, he is remembered mainly for the monumental publication \\\"The Oxford Book Of English\",\n \"title\": \"Arthur Quiller-Couch\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6715859\",\n \"text\": \"Tom Wolfe's 1987 novel \\\"The Bonfire of the Vanities\\\". New York publicist Mortimer Matz recommends an old raincoat. In addition to concealing the handcuffs, he says, it is not a problem when the garment inevitably gets smudged by fingerprint ink remaining on the defendant's hands. New York Mafia boss John Gotti wore the expensive custom-tailored suits that earned him his \\\"Dapper Don\\\" nickname during perp walks, in contrast to the sweatpants and jackets seen among other contemporary organized-crime figures. Susan McDougal, subjected to a brief perp walk in a miniskirt, leg irons and a waist chain as she was taken\",\n \"title\": \"Perp walk\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2466229\",\n \"text\": \"the groin with the handle pointing upward. This led to a very long burst of laughter from the audience, which has been called the longest sustained laugh by a live audience in television history. After a moment, Ames proceeded to walk toward the target to retrieve the tomahawk but Carson stopped him and allowed the situation to be appreciated for its humor. Carson ad-libbed: \\\"I didn't even know you were Jewish!\\\" and \\\"Welcome to \\\"Frontier Bris\\\".\\\" Ames then asked Carson if he would like to take a turn throwing, to which Carson replied: \\\"I can't hurt him any more than\",\n \"title\": \"Ed Ames\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10718050\",\n \"text\": \"book's most famous passages in the essay \\\"The 'Me' Decade and the Third Great Awakening\\\", exemplifying his style of description, Wolfe called Jimmy Carter a \\\"Missionary lectern-pounding Amen ten-finger C-major-chord Sister-Martha-at-the-Yamaha-keyboard loblolly piney-woods Baptist.\\\" The 12 pieces in the book are divided into four sections as follows: Mauve Gloves & Madmen, Clutter & Vine Mauve Gloves & Madmen, Clutter & Vine is a 1976 book by Tom Wolfe, consisting of eleven essays and one short story that Wolfe wrote between 1967 and 1976. It includes the essay in which he coined the term \\\"the 'Me' Decade\\\" to refer to the\",\n \"title\": \"Mauve Gloves & Madmen, Clutter & Vine\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13028006\",\n \"text\": \"as sarcastic, suggesting that the term \\\"sarcasm\\\" is more widely used than its technical definition suggests it should be (Bryant & Fox Tree, 2002; Gibbs, 2000). Some psycholinguistic theorists (e.g., Gibbs, 2000) suggest that sarcasm (\\\"Great idea!\\\", \\\"I hear they do fine work.\\\"), hyperbole (\\\"That's the best idea I have heard in years!\\\"), understatement (\\\"Sure, what the hell, it's only cancer...\\\"), rhetorical questions (\\\"What, does your spirit have cancer?\\\"), double entendre (\\\"I'll bet if you do that, you'll be communing with spirits in no time...\\\") and jocularity (\\\"Get them to fix your bad back while you're at it.\\\") should all\",\n \"title\": \"Irony\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"121755\",\n \"text\": \"Sylvia Plath made mention of it in her semi-autobiographical novel \\\"The Bell Jar\\\", when the protagonist was reading \\\"Finnegans Wake\\\". \\\"Supercalifragilisticexpialidocious\\\", the 34-letter title of a song from the movie \\\"Mary Poppins\\\", does appear in several dictionaries, but only as a proper noun defined in reference to the song title. The attributed meaning is \\\"a word that you say when you don't know what to say.\\\" The idea and invention of the word is credited to songwriters Robert and Richard Sherman. The English language permits the legitimate extension of existing words to serve new purposes by the addition of prefixes\",\n \"title\": \"Longest word in English\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13550827\",\n \"text\": \"is part of their conversation: <poem> Joyce: \\\"Why did you go back to Oxford?\\\" Endeavour: \\\"Oh! A policeman goes where he's sent.\\\" Joyce: \\\"When I told Pop, he just said, 'Proverbs 26:11.'\\\" Endeavour: [Recognizing the verse] \\\"Well I've many faults, God knows, but I try to draw the line at masochism. Besides, traditionally it's the killer that returns to the scene of the crime, not the... whatever I was.\\\" </poem> As a dog returns to his vomit, so a fool repeats his folly \\\"As a dog returns to his vomit, so a fool repeats his folly\\\" is an aphorism which\",\n \"title\": \"As a dog returns to his vomit, so a fool repeats his folly\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9065732\",\n \"text\": \"with a single, nonstandard punctuation mark, the interrobang, which is the combination of a question mark and an exclamation mark. Overly frequent use of the exclamation mark is generally considered poor writing, for it distracts the reader and devalues the mark's significance. Some authors, however, most notably Tom Wolfe and Madison Acampora, are known for unashamedly liberal use of the exclamation mark. In comic books, the very frequent use of exclamation mark is common—see Comics, below. For information on the use of spaces after an exclamation mark, see the discussion of spacing after a full stop. Several studies have shown\",\n \"title\": \"Exclamation mark\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10995214\",\n \"text\": \"GUS: Light what?<br> BEN: The kettle.<br> GUS: You mean the gas.<br> BEN: Who does?<br> GUS: You do.<br> BEN: (\\\"his eyes narrowing\\\"): What do you mean, I mean the gas?<br> GUS: Well, that's what you mean, don't you? The gas.<br> BEN: (\\\"Powerfully\\\"): If I say go and light the kettle I mean go and light the kettle.<br> GUS: How can you light a kettle?<br> BEN: It's a figure of speech! Light the kettle. It's a figure of speech! (Qtd. in Billington 90–91) As Billington observes further, This kind of comic pedantry has precise echoes of the great Sid Field – ironically\",\n \"title\": \"Comedy of menace\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7368138\",\n \"text\": \"Eddie Hayes (lawyer) Edward Walter Hayes is an American lawyer, journalist, and memoirist. He is known for his role in settling the estate of Andy Warhol and representing several organized crime figures. Tom Wolfe's character Tommy Killian in \\\"The Bonfire of the Vanities\\\" is based on Hayes. Hayes is often regularly featured on different radio stations, in both Ireland and the USA. Most recently, Hayes was portrayed as a character in the Broadway hit, Lucky Guy, starring Tom Hanks. Hayes was born in New York City in the neighborhood of Sunnyside, Queens, and grew up for a period of time\",\n \"title\": \"Eddie Hayes (lawyer)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7045718\",\n \"text\": \"sequence of events which led up to Bertram Wooster [...] standing at the door [...] through the aromatic smoke of a meditative cigarette\\\". Bertie often uses unnecessary abbreviations, sometimes referring to words by only their initial letters. This can be seen in chapter 21, when Sir Roderick Glossop is imprisoned in a shed: \\\"Can you remove Sir R. from the s., Jeeves?\\\". Another stylistic device Wodehouse uses to create humour is the pun. For example, a pun is used in chapter 1, after Jeeves gives notice: \\\"No, sir. I fear I cannot recede from my position.\\\"\\\"But, dash it, you say\",\n \"title\": \"Thank You, Jeeves\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11395946\",\n \"text\": \"were a key source of tension in \\\"The Bonfire of the Vanities\\\"—\\\"Back to Blood\\\" will similarly feature characters of Cuban, Haitian, Russian, and French ancestry in the melting pot of Miami. Of the subject matter, Wolfe said, \\\"Two years ago when I got the idea of doing a book on immigration, people would say, 'Oh, that’s fascinating,' and then they would go to sleep standing up like a horse. Since then the subject has become a little more exciting, and in Miami, it's not only exciting, it’s red hot.\\\" Wolfe, who is well known for the depth of reporting that\",\n \"title\": \"Back to Blood\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12032029\",\n \"text\": \"entirely clear\\\"; the same article reported Goodwin stating that he had made the remarks \\\"impromptu - and after a wholly sleepless night\\\". The comparison of inner-city youth to primates, accompanied by the use of the word \\\"jungle\\\", was widely viewed as racist. Writer Tom Wolfe, though sympathetic to Goodwin's argument, stated in his 1996 essay \\\"Sorry, But Your Soul Just Died\\\", that this \\\"may have been the stupidest single word uttered by an American public official in the year 1992\\\". Violence Initiative The Violence Initiative was a proposal for research into reducing violence in American inner cities, first announced on\",\n \"title\": \"Violence Initiative\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5947255\",\n \"text\": \"Shiver my timbers \\\"Shiver me timbers\\\" (or \\\"shiver my timbers\\\" in Standard English ) is an exclamation in the form of a mock oath usually attributed to the speech of pirates in works of fiction. It is employed as a literary device by authors to express shock, surprise or annoyance. The phrase is based on real nautical slang and is a reference to the timbers, which are the wooden support frames of a sailing ship. In heavy seas, ships would be lifted up and pounded down so hard as to \\\"shiver\\\" the timbers, startling the sailors. Such an exclamation was\",\n \"title\": \"Shiver my timbers\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"193704\",\n \"text\": \"20th century, and despite arguments that the protagonist and the tenor of the book are anti-racist, criticism of the book continued due to both its perceived use of racial stereotypes and its frequent use of the racial slur \\\"nigger\\\". In order of appearance: The story begins in fictional St. Petersburg, Missouri (based on the actual town of Hannibal, Missouri), on the shore of the Mississippi River \\\"forty to fifty years ago\\\" (the novel having been published in 1884). Huckleberry \\\"Huck\\\" Finn (the protagonist and first-person narrator) and his friend, Thomas \\\"Tom\\\" Sawyer, have each come into a considerable sum of\",\n \"title\": \"Adventures of Huckleberry Finn\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10844862\",\n \"text\": \"with his essay, stating that he essentially had argued that other writers need to be more like himself. Critics also noted that while many authors wrote the sorts of books Wolfe criticized, there were countless authors like Don DeLillo or John le Carré, Louise Erdrich or Toni Morrison, who wrote realism and were critically praised. \\\"The Times\\\" described the essay as \\\"one part serious argument with two parts calculated provocation,\\\" noting that the essay had helped continue discussion (and boost sales) of \\\"Bonfire of the Vanities\\\". Others were outright dismissive, with author Jim Harrison opining that Wolfe's ideas were \\\"the\",\n \"title\": \"Stalking the Billion-Footed Beast\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"226323\",\n \"text\": \"is.\\\" Unless otherwise cited, items in this list are taken from Thomas F. Marvin's 2002 book \\\"Kurt Vonnegut: A Critical Companion\\\", and the date in brackets is the date the work was first published: Novels Short fiction collections Nonfiction Interviews Art Kurt Vonnegut Kurt Vonnegut Jr. (; November 11, 1922April 11, 2007) was an American writer. In a career spanning over 50 years, Vonnegut published 14 novels, three short story collections, five plays, and five works of non-fiction. He is most famous for his darkly satirical, best-selling novel \\\"Slaughterhouse-Five\\\" (1969). Born and raised in Indianapolis, Indiana, Vonnegut attended Cornell University\",\n \"title\": \"Kurt Vonnegut\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1542242\",\n \"text\": \"things, how American life in the 1960s had been transformed by post-WWII economic prosperity. His defining work from this era is \\\"The Electric Kool-Aid Acid Test\\\" (published the same day as \\\"The Pump House Gang\\\" in 1968), which for many epitomized the 1960s. Although a conservative in many ways (in 2008, he claimed never to have used LSD and to have tried marijuana only once) Wolfe became one of the notable figures of the decade. In 1970, he published two essays in book form as \\\"Radical Chic & Mau-Mauing the Flak Catchers\\\". \\\"Radical Chic\\\" was a biting account of a\",\n \"title\": \"Tom Wolfe\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"226244\",\n \"text\": \"Kurt Vonnegut Kurt Vonnegut Jr. (; November 11, 1922April 11, 2007) was an American writer. In a career spanning over 50 years, Vonnegut published 14 novels, three short story collections, five plays, and five works of non-fiction. He is most famous for his darkly satirical, best-selling novel \\\"Slaughterhouse-Five\\\" (1969). Born and raised in Indianapolis, Indiana, Vonnegut attended Cornell University but dropped out in January 1943 and enlisted in the United States Army. As part of his training, he studied mechanical engineering at Carnegie Institute of Technology (now Carnegie Mellon University) and the University of Tennessee. He was then deployed to\",\n \"title\": \"Kurt Vonnegut\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7368147\",\n \"text\": \"their fathers. Eddie Hayes (lawyer) Edward Walter Hayes is an American lawyer, journalist, and memoirist. He is known for his role in settling the estate of Andy Warhol and representing several organized crime figures. Tom Wolfe's character Tommy Killian in \\\"The Bonfire of the Vanities\\\" is based on Hayes. Hayes is often regularly featured on different radio stations, in both Ireland and the USA. Most recently, Hayes was portrayed as a character in the Broadway hit, Lucky Guy, starring Tom Hanks. Hayes was born in New York City in the neighborhood of Sunnyside, Queens, and grew up for a period\",\n \"title\": \"Eddie Hayes (lawyer)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1542249\",\n \"text\": \"An initial printing of 1.2 million copies was announced and the book stayed at number one on the \\\"New York Times\\\" bestseller list for ten weeks. Noted author John Updike wrote a critical review for \\\"The New Yorker\\\", complaining that the novel \\\"amounts to entertainment, not literature, even literature in a modest aspirant form.\\\" His comments sparked an intense war of words in the print and broadcast media among Wolfe and Updike, and authors John Irving and Norman Mailer, who also entered the fray. In 2001, Wolfe published an essay referring to these three authors as \\\"My Three Stooges.\\\" That\",\n \"title\": \"Tom Wolfe\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17792434\",\n \"text\": \"Timeline of women's education This is a timeline of women's education. 1237 1239 1608 1636 1639 1644 1674 1678 1685 1727 1732 1742 1751 1783 1786 1787 1788 1803 1818 1822 1823 1826 1827 1829 1831 1834 1834 1837 1839 1841 1842 1843 1844 1847 1849 1850 1851 1852 1853 1854 1855 1857 1858 1859 1860 1861 1862 1863 1864 1865 1866 1866 1867 1868 1869 1870: 1871 1872: 1873: 1874: 1875: 1876: 1877: 1878: 1878: 1879: 1880: 1881: 1882: 1883: 1885: 1886: 1887: 1889: 1890: 1891: 1892: 1893: 1894: 1895: 1896: 1898: 1900: 1901: 1902: 1903: 1904: 1905: 1906:\",\n \"title\": \"Timeline of women's education\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16543966\",\n \"text\": \"a particular interest in Susan, a nurse who had worked in a hospital where a bomb exploded a month earlier, killing 302 people. She had thought of hiring Heller to find the culprit, but changed her mind at the last minute and began to think of hiring Wolfe instead. The number six figures in every person's account, but a remark by one client – about Heller's winning tip on a racehorse named Zero – prompts Wolfe to have everyone brought back to his office. With the pencils laid out on his desk as they were on Heller's, Wolfe explains that\",\n \"title\": \"The Zero Clue\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6478397\",\n \"text\": \"Great Scott Great Scott! is an interjection of surprise, amazement, or dismay. It is a distinctive but inoffensive exclamation, popular in the second half of the 19th century and the early 20th century, and now considered dated. It originates as a minced oath, historically associated with two specific \\\"Scotts\\\", notably Scottish author Sir Walter Scott and somewhat later in the United States, US general Winfield Scott. It is frequently assumed that \\\"Great Scott!\\\" is a minced oath of some sort, \\\"Scott\\\" replacing \\\"God\\\". The 2010 edition of the \\\"Oxford Dictionary of English\\\" labels the expression as \\\"dated\\\" and simply identifies\",\n \"title\": \"Great Scott\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15229984\",\n \"text\": \"240-279: 1 point. 280 or higher: 1 point. If cigarette smoker: Age 20–39 years: 8 points. • Age 40–49 years: 5 points. • Age 50–59 years: 3 points. • Age 60–69 years: 1 point. • Age 70–79 years: 1 point. All non smokers: 0 points. HDL cholesterol, mg/dL: 60 or higher: Minus 1 point. 50-59: 0 points. 40-49: 1 point. Under 40: 2 points. Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg: Untreated: Under 120: 0 points. 120-129: 0 points. 130-139: 1 point. 140-159: 1 point. 160 or higher: 2 points. • Treated: Under 120: 0 points. 120-129: 1 point. 130-139: 2 points.\",\n \"title\": \"Framingham Risk Score\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10995217\",\n \"text\": \"lies its menace. When Ben instructs Gus verbally, while practicing their \\\"routine\\\" for killing their next victim, he leaves out the most important line, which instructs Gus to \\\"take out\\\" his \\\"gun\\\" (Pinter, \\\"The Dumb Waiter\\\" 114–15): \\\"BEN \\\"frowns and presses his forehead\\\".<br> GUS. You've missed something out.<br> BEN. I know. What?<br> GUS. I haven't taken my gun out, according to you.<br> BEN. You take your gun out—<br> GUS. After I've closed the door.<br> BEN. After you've closed the door.<br> GUS. You've never missed that out before, you know that?<br> The crucial significance of the omission becomes clear only at\",\n \"title\": \"Comedy of menace\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2573033\",\n \"text\": \"= 5 × 67, divisible by the number of primes below it. 336 = 2 × 3 × 7, Harshad number, untouchable number, also the number of dimples on an American golf ball. 337, prime number, permutable prime with 373 and 733, Chen prime, star number 338 = 2 × 13, nontotient. 339 = 3 × 113 340 = 2 × 5 × 17, sum of eight consecutive primes (29 + 31 + 37 + 41 + 43 + 47 + 53 + 59), sum of ten consecutive primes (17 + 19 + 23 + 29 + 31 + 37\",\n \"title\": \"300 (number)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3361164\",\n \"text\": \"Liar's Poker Liar's Poker is a non-fiction, semi-autobiographical book by Michael Lewis describing the author's experiences as a bond salesman on Wall Street during the late 1980s. First published in 1989, it is considered one of the books that defined Wall Street during the 1980s, along with Bryan Burrough and John Helyar's \\\"\\\", and the fictional \\\"The Bonfire of the Vanities\\\" by Tom Wolfe. The book captures an important period in the history of Wall Street. Two important figures in that history feature prominently in the text, the head of Salomon Brothers' mortgage department Lewis Ranieri and the firm's CEO\",\n \"title\": \"Liar's Poker\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7090227\",\n \"text\": \"explaining to Nobby that he could not stand up to Florence: \\\"And if you think I've got the force of character to come back with a \\\"nolle prosequi\\\"—\\\"\\\"A what?\\\"\\\"One of Jeeves's gags. It means roughly 'Nuts to you!' If, I say, you think I'm capable of asserting myself and giving her the bird, you greatly overestimate the Wooster fortitude.\\\" Jeeves introduces \\\"rem acu tetigisti\\\" in chapter 4 of \\\"Joy in the Morning\\\", translating it as \\\"You have touched the matter with a needle\\\", which Bertie rephrases as \\\"Put my finger on the nub\\\". In addition to using this phrase in\",\n \"title\": \"Joy in the Morning (Wodehouse novel)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9373646\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Woot! Woot!\\\", doing so as a statement of victory, or applauding good news. (Some people today say \\\"Woot! Woot!\\\" while making the hand-gesture of pulling a train's horn cord.) Alternatively, attempts are made to relate it to the Scots word \\\"hoots\\\", which is used in a somewhat similar manner — an exclamation signifying surprise, disbelief, or kindred reaction, though not for positive feelings (delight, joy) as w00t is. This is also along the line of some peoples use of \\\"W00t?\\\", replacing 'wot?' or 'what?' as a response to a happy surprise. The word was featured on the list of Merriam-Webster's\",\n \"title\": \"W00t\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17994181\",\n \"text\": \"If This Isn't Nice, What Is?: Advice to the Young If This Isn't Nice, What Is?: Advice to the Young (Seven Stories Press) is a 2013 collection of nine commencement speeches from Kurt Vonnegut, selected and introduced by Dan Wakefield. After the publication of his novel \\\"Slaughterhouse-Five\\\" brought him worldwide acclaim in 1969, Kurt Vonnegut became one of America's most popular graduation speakers. There were years when public speaking was Vonnegut's main source of income. \\\"We are performing animals,\\\" he used to say somewhat sardonically. In these speeches Vonnegut jokes, entertains, inspires, and conveys something of the momentousness of life.\",\n \"title\": \"If This Isn't Nice, What Is?: Advice to the Young\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13264927\",\n \"text\": \"the opening sequence; its theme song, composed by Danny Elfman in 1989; \\\"Treehouse of Horror\\\" episodes, which have themselves inspired an offshoot of merchandise; its use of cultural references; sight gags; and the use of catchphrases, such as Homer's annoyed grunt \\\"D'oh!\\\". \\\"The Simpsons\\\" has won dozens of awards since it debuted as a series, including 24 Primetime Emmy Awards, 26 Annie Awards and a Peabody Award. In a 1998 issue celebrating the 20th century's greatest achievements in arts and entertainment, \\\"Time\\\" magazine named \\\"The Simpsons\\\" the century's best television series. On January 14, 2000, the Simpsons were awarded a\",\n \"title\": \"The Simpsons (franchise)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15229981\",\n \"text\": \"point. 200-239: 1 point. 240-279: 2 points. 280 or higher: 2 points. If cigarette smoker: Age 20–39 years: 9 points. • Age 40–49 years: 7 points. • Age 50–59 years: 4 points. • Age 60–69 years: 2 points. • Age 70–79 years: 1 point. All non smokers: 0 points. HDL cholesterol, mg/dL: 60 or higher: Minus 1 point. 50-59: 0 points. 40-49: 1 point. Under 40: 2 points. Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg: Untreated: Under 120: 0 points. 120-129: 1 point. 130-139: 2 points. 140-159: 3 points. 160 or higher: 4 points. • Treated: Under 120: 0 points. 120-129: 3\",\n \"title\": \"Framingham Risk Score\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5933851\",\n \"text\": \"armor, emerge from the helmet's visor and then parachute onto the table. They unwittingly catch Tom's attention by showering him with champagne. After hiding from Tom by wearing white paper decorations from the standing rib roast to look like two ribs, Jerry runs off, but little Nibbles begins making a ham sandwich while singing \\\"Alouette\\\" to himself. Tom emerges behind him and pokes him with his sword, and the angry Nibbles yells in protest: \\\"He, attention-la! Vous pourez faire mal a quelqu'un, Monsieur Pussycat!...Pussycat?! Au secours! Au secours! Le pussycat! Le pussycat!\\\" (Hey! Watch it! You could hurt someone like\",\n \"title\": \"The Two Mouseketeers\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1847546\",\n \"text\": \"a sentence to denote irony. He was one of many, including Desiderius Erasmus, who felt there was a need for such a punctuation mark, but Wilkins' proposal, as was true of the other attempts, failed to take hold. Although it has now become rare, it is correct usage in Spanish to begin a sentence with an opening inverted exclamation mark (\\\"¡\\\") and end it with a question mark (\\\"?\\\"), or vice versa, for statements that are questions but also have a clear sense of exclamation or surprise such as: (\\\"Who do you think you are?!\\\"). Normally, four signs are used,\",\n \"title\": \"Inverted question and exclamation marks\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20443678\",\n \"text\": \"Yas (slang) Yas is a slang term for \\\"yes.\\\" \\\"Yas\\\" was added to Oxford Dictionaries in 2017, and defined as a form of exclamation meaning, \\\"expressing great pleasure or excitement\\\". Yas was defined by Oxygen's Scout Durwood as \\\"a more emphatic 'yes' often paired with 'queen.' The more A's in a yaaaaas, the higher the grade of excitement.\\\" \\\"Yass\\\" was used by the character Dean Moriarty (Neal Cassady) in Jack Kerouac's \\\"On the Road\\\", published in 1957. Yas also has roots in late 1980s ball culture, an LGBT subculture in the United States, and was adopted by the wider queer\",\n \"title\": \"Yas (slang)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14484594\",\n \"text\": \"Jay Cantor Jay Cantor (born 1948 New York City) is an American novelist and essayist. He graduated from Harvard University with a BA, and from University of California, Santa Cruz with a Ph.D. He teaches at Tufts University. He lives in Cambridge, Massachusetts, with his wife, Melinda Marble, and their daughter, Grace. His work appeared in \\\"The Harvard Crimson\\\". He was on the 2009 ArtScience Competition jury. To call Jay Cantor the thinking man's Tom Wolfe is a little unfair to Tom Wolfe, who surely believes, and with some justification, that he's the thinking man's Tom Wolfe. It's also a\",\n \"title\": \"Jay Cantor\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2734191\",\n \"text\": \"by the lapels and won't let go\\\", but criticized its sometimes superficial characters, saying when \\\"the book is over, there is an odd aftertaste, not entirely pleasant.\\\" In 1990, \\\"Bonfire\\\" was adapted into a film starring Tom Hanks as Sherman McCoy, Kim Cattrall as his wife Judy, Melanie Griffith as his mistress Maria, and Bruce Willis as journalist (and narrator of the film) Peter Fallow. The screenplay was written by Michael Cristofer. Wolfe was paid $750,000 for the rights. The film, however, was a commercial and critical flop. An opera adaptation, with music by Stefania de Kenessey and libretto and\",\n \"title\": \"The Bonfire of the Vanities\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13382943\",\n \"text\": \"1490s in poetry Nationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature (for instance, Irish or France). 1491: 1492: 1493: 1494: 1495: 1496: 1497: 1498: 1499: Death years link to the corresponding \\\"[year] in poetry\\\" article. There are conflicting or unreliable sources for the birth years of many people born in this period; where sources conflict, the poet is listed again and the conflict is noted: 1490: 1491: 1492: 1493: 1494: 1495: 1496: 1497: 1498: 1499: Birth years link to the corresponding \\\"[year] in poetry\\\" article: 1490: 1491: 1492: 1493: 1494: 1495: 1496: 1497: 1498: 1499:\",\n \"title\": \"1490s in poetry\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10002174\",\n \"text\": \"scoring works similarly for five-pin bowling, except strikes are worth 15 points rather than 10 (as the pins are scored with the values of 2, 3, 5, 3, and 2). Two consecutive strikes are referred to as a \\\"double\\\" (or a \\\"Barney Rubble\\\" to rhyme) aka the \\\"rhino\\\". Three strikes bowled consecutively is known as a \\\"turkey\\\". Any longer string of strikes is referred to by a number affixed to the word \\\"bagger,\\\" as in \\\"four-bagger\\\" for four consecutive strikes. Broadcaster Rob Stone created the name \\\"hambone\\\" to describe four consecutive strikes. When a player is \\\"on the strikes\\\", a\",\n \"title\": \"Strike (bowling)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13382944\",\n \"text\": \"Other events: 16th century: 1490s in poetry Nationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature (for instance, Irish or France). 1491: 1492: 1493: 1494: 1495: 1496: 1497: 1498: 1499: Death years link to the corresponding \\\"[year] in poetry\\\" article. There are conflicting or unreliable sources for the birth years of many people born in this period; where sources conflict, the poet is listed again and the conflict is noted: 1490: 1491: 1492: 1493: 1494: 1495: 1496: 1497: 1498: 1499: Birth years link to the corresponding \\\"[year] in poetry\\\" article: 1490: 1491: 1492: 1493: 1494: 1495:\",\n \"title\": \"1490s in poetry\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14484596\",\n \"text\": \"writers, both of whom ardently believe in the power of fiction to bring an American moment to life. Jay Cantor Jay Cantor (born 1948 New York City) is an American novelist and essayist. He graduated from Harvard University with a BA, and from University of California, Santa Cruz with a Ph.D. He teaches at Tufts University. He lives in Cambridge, Massachusetts, with his wife, Melinda Marble, and their daughter, Grace. His work appeared in \\\"The Harvard Crimson\\\". He was on the 2009 ArtScience Competition jury. To call Jay Cantor the thinking man's Tom Wolfe is a little unfair to Tom\",\n \"title\": \"Jay Cantor\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"75684\",\n \"text\": \"fifth point pays at 249-to-1 and the 6th point pays at 999-to-1. Note that the points must all be different numbers for them to count towards the fire bet. For example, a shooter who successfully hits a point of 10 twice will only garner credit for the first one on the fire bet. Players must hit the established point in order for it to count toward the fire bet. The payout is determine by the number of points which have been established and hit after the shooter sevens out. Bonus Craps: Is a registered trademark owned by Galaxy Gaming. Prior\",\n \"title\": \"Craps\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19944603\",\n \"text\": \"one for all,\\\" cry Athos, Porthos, and Aramis, raising their rapiers as they segue into their own scatting-routine. Cut to Robinson, Friday, Napoleon, and Omar Khayyam, who stand amongst the books bobbing about happily to the tune. There is a universal burst of applause as the musketeers conclude their number: Henry VIII, surrounded (presumably) by some of his wives, shouts \\\"Whoopee!\\\" Nearby, Marc Antony crawls out of \\\"Antony and Cleopatra\\\", shouting, as if in \\\"Julius Caesar\\\", \\\"Friends, Romans, countrymen...lend your ears to that dear old maestro!\\\" The camera pans to a portly Emperor Nero, who stands before a book containing\",\n \"title\": \"Three's a Crowd (Merrie Melodies)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1416127\",\n \"text\": \"a \\\"tiresome embarrassment\\\". The following week, \\\"The Guardian\\\" noted that Gervais had responded with \\\"an exhilaratingly foul-mouthed tirade\\\" on his website, concluding with the sentence \\\"yes I am resting on my fucking laurels you cunt!\\\" In this video, Gervais mocked Jim Shelley typing the words \\\"resting on his laurels\\\" as Gervais jokingly lashed out by stating that he was resting on his laurels and that he was not going to make another show for television, quipping: \\\"What's the point? What is there to beat?\\\" Gervais lives between Hampstead and New York City with his partner, producer and author Jane Fallon,\",\n \"title\": \"Ricky Gervais\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"91245\",\n \"text\": \"me off me plates – the septic was wearing a syrup! I couldn't believe me mincers, so I ran up the apples, got straight on the dog to me trouble and we had a Turkish.\\\" In some examples the meaning is further obscured by adding a second iteration of rhyme and truncation to the original rhymed phrase. For example, the word \\\"Aris\\\" is often used to indicate the buttocks. This is the result of a double rhyme, starting with the original rough synonym \\\"arse\\\", which is rhymed with \\\"bottle and glass\\\", leading to \\\"bottle\\\". \\\"Bottle\\\" was then rhymed with \\\"Aristotle\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"Rhyming slang\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9065730\",\n \"text\": \"or a startler. In hacker culture, the exclamation mark is called \\\"bang\\\", \\\"shriek\\\", or, in the British slang known as Commonwealth Hackish, \\\"pling\\\". For example, the password communicated in the spoken phrase \\\"Your password is em-nought-pee-aitch-pling-en-three\\\" is codice_1. The exclamation mark is common to languages using the Latin alphabet, although usage varies slightly between languages. The exclamation mark was also adopted in languages written in other scripts, such as Greek, Russian, Arabic, Hebrew, Chinese, Korean, Japanese and Devanagari, but it has never been found in Hindi. A sentence ending in an exclamation mark may be an exclamation (such as \\\"Wow!\\\",\",\n \"title\": \"Exclamation mark\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9065731\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Boo!\\\"), or an imperative (\\\"Stop!\\\"), or may indicate astonishment or surprise: \\\"They were the footprints of a gigantic hound!\\\" Exclamation marks are occasionally placed mid-sentence with a function similar to a comma, for dramatic effect, although this usage is obsolete: \\\"On the walk, oh! there was a frightful noise.\\\" Informally, exclamation marks may be repeated for additional emphasis (\\\"That's great!!!\\\"), but this practice is generally considered unacceptable in formal prose. The exclamation mark is sometimes used in conjunction with the question mark. This can be in protest or astonishment (\\\"Out of all places, the squatter-camp?!\\\"); a few writers replace this\",\n \"title\": \"Exclamation mark\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"compressed_ctxs_1":{"kind":"string","value":"{\n \"compressed_prompt\": \"Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\\n\\ntitle: Tom Wolfe context: the termsstatusphere\\\", \\\"the right stuff\\\", \\\"radical chic\\\", \\\"the Me Decade\\\" and \\\"good ol' boy\\\" into the English lexicon. Wolfe was at times incorrectly credited with coining the term \\\"trophy wife\\\". His term for extremely thin women in his novel \\\"The Bonfire of the Vanities\\\" was \\\"X-rays\\\". According to journalism professor Ben Yagoda, Wolfe is also responsible for the use of the present tense in magazine profile pieces; before he began doing so in the early 1960s, profile articles had always been written in the past tense. Tom Wolfe Thomas Kennerly Wolfe Jr. (March 2, 1930 – May 14, 2018)\\n\\nHow many exclamation points did author Tom Wolfe use in his blockbuster bestseller The Bonfire of the Vanities?\",\n \"compressed_tokens\": 214,\n \"origin_tokens\": 215,\n \"ratio\": \"1.0x\",\n \"saving\": \", Saving $0.0 in GPT-4.\"\n}"},"compressed_ctxs_100":{"kind":"string","value":"{\n \"compressed_prompt\": \"Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\\n\\ntitle: Tom Wolfe context: Wolfe researched and revised for two years, and his \\\"The Bonfire of the Vanities\\\" was published in 1987. The book was a commercial and critical success, spending weeks on bestseller lists and earning praise from the very literary establishment on which Wolfe had long heaped scorn. Because of the success of Wolfe's first novel, there was widespread interest in his second. This novel took him more than 11 years to complete; \\\"A Man in Full\\\" was published in 1998. The book's reception was not universally favorable, though it received glowing reviews in \\\"Time\\\", \\\"Newsweek\\\", \\\"The Wall Street Journal\\\", and elsewhere.\\n\\ntitle: The Bonfire of the Van context: Brook in 192, andith Howard Beach, Queens in 196 episode subject of much media attention,hard Goetz became something of a folk-h in the city shooting a group of men who tried to rob him in the sub in 1984. Bur B. Roberts, a Bronx judge known for his no-nons imperious handling of cases in his courtroom, became the model for the character of Myron Kovsky in the book. Through his early career, Wolfe planned to write a novel that would capture the wide spectrum of American society.\\ntitle Van context: The Bon of the Van The the Vanities is a 1987 satirical by Wolfe The a ambition, rac social class, politics, and in 190s City and cent: WASP bond tr Jewish attorney Larry Kram andatriate journalist Peter F novel originallyived as a serial in of Charles Dick; it ran 2 installmentsR Stone starting in 198. Wolfe book form a\\n: resulted free his assets. The allften Henry Lamb to his from the accident;, and the novel closing Tommyian \\\"Bfire was novel.fe's prior works were mostly non-fiction journalistic articles and books. His earlier short stories appeared in his collection \\\"Mauve Gloves & Madmen, Clutter & Vine\\\". According to Wolfe, the characters are composites of many individuals and cultural observations. However, some characters were based on real people. Wolfe has acknowledged the character of Tommy Killian is\\n\\nHow many exclamation points did author Tom Wolfe use in his blockbuster bestseller The Bonfire of the Vanities?\",\n \"compressed_tokens\": 503,\n \"origin_tokens\": 15975,\n \"ratio\": \"31.8x\",\n \"saving\": \", Saving $0.9 in GPT-4.\"\n}"}}}],"truncated":false,"partial":false},"paginationData":{"pageIndex":2,"numItemsPerPage":100,"numTotalItems":78785,"offset":200,"length":100}},"jwt":"eyJhbGciOiJFZERTQSJ9.eyJyZWFkIjp0cnVlLCJwZXJtaXNzaW9ucyI6eyJyZXBvLmNvbnRlbnQucmVhZCI6dHJ1ZX0sImlhdCI6MTc3NjYzMDQ4OSwic3ViIjoiL2RhdGFzZXRzL1huaHlhY2ludGgvVFFBLUltYWdlIiwiZXhwIjoxNzc2NjM0MDg5LCJpc3MiOiJodHRwczovL2h1Z2dpbmdmYWNlLmNvIn0.8Y1SlrndZAxSDUfoDOxvJkUcPbzmqdY_ku_Q6wNw1YQFqnd910G_cOEe0xXhF0897zezJDU8xDMFbR1epEq-BA","displayUrls":true,"splitSizeSummaries":[{"config":"default","split":"train","numRows":78785,"numBytesParquet":3116781630},{"config":"default","split":"eval","numRows":8837,"numBytesParquet":351091139},{"config":"default","split":"test","numRows":11313,"numBytesParquet":450091897}]},"discussionsStats":{"closed":0,"open":1,"total":1},"fullWidth":true,"hasGatedAccess":true,"hasFullAccess":true,"isEmbedded":false,"savedQueries":{"community":[],"user":[]}}">
id int64 0 78.8k | question stringlengths 18 1.2k | answers list | target stringlengths 1 603 | ctxs list | compressed_ctxs_1 dict | compressed_ctxs_100 dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
200 | Where was the peace treaty signed that brought World War I to an end? | [
"Palais de Versailles",
"Palace of versailles",
"Musee national du chateau de Versailles et des Trianons",
"Palace and Park of Versailles",
"Chateau of Versailles",
"Versailles",
"Museum of the History of France, Versailles",
"City of Versailles",
"Palace of Versailles",
"Musée de Versailles",
"... | Versailles | [
{
"id": "405651",
"text": "[that] came in 1943\" leading to the development of the V-2 rocket. Treaty of Versailles The Treaty of Versailles () was the most important of the peace treaties that brought World War I to an end. The Treaty ended the state of war between Germany and the Allied Powers. It was sig... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: Treaty of Versailles context: [that] came in 1943\" leading to the development of the V-2 r... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: World War I context: the local assembly of that territory on its unification Romania. Roman... |
201 | Which Welsh singer was invited to sing at the White House on Millennium Eve? | [
"Jones, Tom",
"Tom Jones (opera)",
"Tom Jones (footballer)",
"Tom Jones (Australian footballer)",
"Tom Jones (film)",
"Tom jones (film)",
"Tom jones",
"Tom Jones!",
"Tom Jones (disambiguation)",
"Tom Jones (Opera)",
"Tom Jones",
"Tom Jones (movie)"
] | Tom Jones | [
{
"id": "782260",
"text": "performs in Wales and internationally. The Welsh National Opera is based at the Wales Millennium Centre in Cardiff Bay, while the National Youth Orchestra of Wales was the first of its type in the world. Wales has a tradition of producing notable singers, including Sir Geraint Eva... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: Wales context: performs in Wales and internationally. The Welsh National Opera is based at ... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle Katherine Jenkins context: Katherine Jenkins Katherine Maria Jenkins (born 29 June 1980) is ... |
202 | Which company was responsible for the oil spill in Alaska in 1989? | [
"Standard Oil New Jersey",
"Exxon Company",
"Exxon",
"Jersey Standard",
"EXXon",
"Exxon Research and Engineering Company",
"Esso Petroleum",
"Standard Oil Company of New Jersey",
"Exxon Company USA"
] | Exxon | [
{
"id": "132650",
"text": "accidentally crashes it. Exxon Valdez oil spill The \"Exxon Valdez\" oil spill occurred in Prince William Sound, Alaska, March 24, 1989, when \"Exxon Valdez\", an oil tanker owned by Exxon Shipping Company, bound for Long Beach, California, struck Prince William Sound's Bligh Reef... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: Exxon Valdez oil spill context: accidentally crashes it. Exxon Valdez oil spill The \"Exxon... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: Exxon Valdez context: Exxon Valdez Nicety, formerly Exxon Valdez, Exxon Mediterranean, SeaR... |
203 | Vehicles from which country use the international registration letter C? | [
"Republic of Cuba",
"Second Republic of Cuba",
"People's Republic of Cuba",
"Cuba",
"Subdivisions of Cuba",
"Red Cuba",
"CUBA",
"Administrative divisions of Cuba",
"Cuban News Agency",
"Etymology of Cuba",
"The Republic of Cuba",
"Isla Juana",
"República de Cuba",
"ISO 3166-1:CU",
"Name ... | Cuba | [
{
"id": "12471991",
"text": "and four numbers, and texts \"U.S.N.B.\" and \"Gtmo Bay Cuba\". Vehicle registration plates of Cuba The current vehicle registration plate system of Cuba was introduced in May 2013. Current plates are European standard 520 mm × 110 mm, completely replacing the previous system in... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: Veicle registration plates of Cuba context: and four numbers, and texts \"U.S.N.B.\" and \"... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: International vehicle registration code context: system is used for vehicles belonging to d... |
204 | What date is Father's Day? | [
"3rd Sunday in June"
] | 3rd Sunday in June | [
{
"id": "567962",
"text": "Father's Day Father's Day is a celebration honoring fathers and celebrating fatherhood, paternal bonds, and the influence of fathers in society. In Catholic Europe, it has been celebrated on March 19 (St. Joseph's Day) since the Middle Ages. This celebration was brought by the Spa... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: Father's Day context: Father's Day Father's Day is a celebration honoring fathers and celeb... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: Father's Day context: June and is not a public holiday. In [[Malaysia]], Father's Day falls... |
205 | In which decade of the 20th century was the FBI set up? | [
"1900s",
"1900s (disambiguation)",
"1900's",
"Nineteen-hundreds"
] | 1900s | [
{
"id": "724724",
"text": "Charles Joseph Bonaparte Charles Joseph Bonaparte (; June 9, 1851June 28, 1921) was a French-American lawyer and political activist for progressive and liberal causes. Originally from Baltimore, Maryland, he served in the cabinet of the 26th U.S. President, Theodore Roosevelt. Bon... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: Charles Joseph Bonaparte context: Charles Joseph Bonaparte Charles Joseph Bonaparte; June 9... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: David Grann context: and released in the US in 2017. An anthology of twelve previously publ... |
206 | In which decade of the 20th century was Dan Aykroyd born? | [
"The Fifties",
"1950s",
"1950-1959",
"50's",
"1950’s",
"50s",
"1950–1959",
"Nineteen-fifties",
"1950s (decade)",
"1950ies",
"1950's",
"'50s",
"195%3F",
"Fifties"
] | 50s | [
{
"id": "601911",
"text": "Miss Daisy\". He starred in his own sitcom, \"Soul Man\" (1997–98). Aykroyd is also a businessman, having co-founded the House of Blues chain of music venues and the Crystal Head Vodka brand. Aykroyd was born on Dominion Day (July 1, which is now called Canada Day), 1952 at The Ot... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: Dan Aykroyd context: Miss Dais\". He starred in his own sitcom, \"Soul Man\" (1997–98). Ayk... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle Aughts context: Aughts The \"aughts\" is one way of referring to the first decade of a centu... |
207 | Which American wrote The Game of Chess in 1959? | [
"Bobby Fischer (Chess career)",
"Fisher's endgame",
"Bob Fischer",
"Bobby Fischer",
"Bobby Fischer (chess career)",
"Robert James Fischer",
"Bobby Fischer (biography)",
"Bobbie fischer",
"Regina Wender",
"Bobby fischer",
"Robert J Fischer",
"Bobby Ficsher",
"Bobbie Fisher",
"Fischer's endg... | Bobby Fischer | [
{
"id": "11623214",
"text": "60 Tournament Struggles\" before settling on the final name. The collection begins in 1957, omitting the famous \"Game of the Century\" against Donald Byrne in 1956 (this game had been included in a small, lightly annotated work called \"Bobby Fischer's Games of Chess\", publish... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: My 60 Memorable Games context: 60 Tournament Strugg\" before settling on the final name. Th... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: Bobby Fischer context: organized by the Brooklyn YMCA Chess and Checker Club, and in a corr... |
208 | Which company first manufactured the electric toothbrush? | [
"Bristol Myers-Squibb",
"Bristl-Myers Squibb",
"Bristol-Myers Squib",
"Bristol-Meyers",
"E. R. Squibb and Sons",
"Bristol Myers Squibb",
"Bristol–Myers Squibb",
"Bristol-Myers Squibb Company",
"Bristol-Myers Squibb Epsilon Holdings",
"Bristol Myers",
"BMY",
"Bristol-Myers",
"Bristol Myer Squ... | Squibb | [
{
"id": "4117670",
"text": "ultrasonic toothbrushes, depending on whether they make movements that are below, in or above the audible range (20–20,000 Hz or 2400–2,400,000 movements per minute), respectively. The first electric toothbrush was produced by the Electro Massage Tooth Brush Company in the U.S.A.... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: Electric toothbrush context ultrasonic toothbrushes, depending on whether they make movemen... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: Braun (company) context: cut costs. At the end of the 1990s, Braun and Gillette suffered lo... |
209 | Who lived under the pseudonym of Harriet Brown in New York form the 40s to the 90s? | [
"Garbo speaks",
"Mona Gabor",
"Garboesque",
"Greta Gustafson",
"Garbo, Greta",
"Garbo Speaks",
"Greta Garbo",
"Greta Louisa Gustafsson",
"Greta Lovisa Gustafsson",
"Greta Garbo filmography",
"Greta Gustafsson"
] | Greta Garbo | [
{
"id": "14198058",
"text": "Harriet Brown Harriet Brown is an American writer, magazine editor, and assistant </ref> professor of magazine journalism at the S.I. Newhouse School of Public Communications at Syracuse University. She began her magazine career in 1979, with a stint at \"Popular Science\" magaz... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: Harriet Brown context: Harriet Brown Harriet Brown is an American writer, magazine editor, ... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: Kitty Brown context: 1997. Her recordings include the songs \"Evil Blues\", \"Mean Eyes (To... |
210 | Which actor bought the island of Tetiaroa? | [
"Marlon Brando Jr.",
"Marlon brando",
"Marlon Brando Jr",
"Marlin Brando",
"Marlon Brando, Jr.",
"Brandoesque",
"Marlon Brando",
"Brando family"
] | Marlon Brando | [
{
"id": "269046",
"text": "On June 12, 1973, Brando broke paparazzo Ron Galella's jaw. Galella had followed Brando, who was accompanied by talk show host Dick Cavett, after a taping of \"The Dick Cavett Show\" in New York City. He reportedly paid a $40,000 out-of-court settlement and suffered an infected ha... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: Marlon Brando context: On June 12, 1973, Brando broke paparazzo Ron Galella's jaw. Galella ... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: Tetiaroa context the New Zealand yachting magazine, \"Sail\" in 1981), which Brando, it is ... |
211 | Between 1952 and 1954 did the number of TV stations in the USA double, triple or quadruple? | [
"Thricefold",
"Triple (disambiguation)",
"Triples",
"Triple"
] | Triple | [
{
"id": "13862434",
"text": "Fourth television network In American television terminology, a fourth network is a reference to a fourth broadcast (over-the-air) television network, as opposed to the Big Three television networks that dominated U.S. television from the 1950s to the 1990s: ABC, CBS and NBC. Wh... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: Fourth television network context: Fourth television network In American television termino... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle:th television network context: these companies withdrew from television after the first few ... |
212 | What was Wham!'s first No 1? | [
"Wake Me Up Before You Go-Go",
"Wake Me Up Before You Go Go"
] | Wake Me Up Before You Go Go | [
{
"id": "6401888",
"text": "Wake Me Up Before You Go-Go \"Wake Me Up Before You Go-Go\" is a song by the British duo Wham!, first released as a single in the UK on 14 May 1984. It became their first UK and US number one hit. It was written and produced by George Michael. The single was certified Platinum in... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: Wake Me Up Before You Go-Go context: Wake Me Up Before You Go-Go \"Wake Me Up Before You Go... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: Where Did Your Heart Go? context: was included as a B-side to the 1992 single \"Some in Ame... |
213 | Which musical featured the song You'll Never Walk Alone? | [
"Carousels",
"🎠",
"Merry-go-round",
"Loof",
"Marry Go Round",
"Merry-Go-Round",
"Merry Go Round",
"Merry go round",
"Merry-go-Round",
"Merrygoround",
"Carousel",
"Carrousel"
] | Carousel | [
{
"id": "93106",
"text": "romance with ambitious fisherman Enoch Snow. The show includes the well-known songs \"If I Loved You\", \"June Is Bustin' Out All Over\" and \"You'll Never Walk Alone\". Richard Rodgers later wrote that \"Carousel\" was his favorite of all his musicals. Following the spectacular su... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: Carousel (musical) context: romance with ambitious fisherman Enoch Snow. The show includes ... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: Carousel (musical) context: of Wond'rin' \", one of Julie's songs, worked well in the show ... |
214 | In which year was Bloody Sunday in Londonderry? | [
"one thousand, nine hundred and seventy-two",
"1972"
] | 1972 | [
{
"id": "5851173",
"text": "Ivan Cooper Ivan Averill Cooper (born January 1944) is a former politician from Northern Ireland who was a member of the Parliament of Northern Ireland, and a founding member of the SDLP. He is best known for leading an anti-internment march which developed into the Bloody Sunday... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: Ivan Cooper context: Ivan Cooper Ivan Averill Cooper (born January 1944) is a former politi... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: Bloody Sunday (1972) context: Bloody Sunday (1972 Bloody Sunday – sometimes called the Bogs... |
215 | The first untethered space walk took place from which space craft? | [
"Challenger",
"Challengers",
"Challengers (disambiguation)",
"Challenger (album)",
"Challenger (disambiguation)"
] | Challenger | [
{
"id": "2519637",
"text": "nine miles above the Atlantic Ocean starting after about 1 minute after liftoff. STS-41-B STS-41-B was the tenth NASA Space Shuttle mission and the fourth flight of the . It launched on February 3, 1984, and landed on February 11 after deploying two communications satellites. It ... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: STS-41-B context: nine miles above the Atlantic Ocean starting after about 1 minute after l... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: Discovery and exploration of the Solar System context: Earth was Yuri Gagarin, a Soviet cos... |
216 | What was the main color of a Storm trooper in Star Wars? | [
"White (Colour)",
"Rgb(255, 255, 255)",
"White",
"Whitishness",
"Whiter",
"(255, 255, 255)",
"Whitishly",
"White (political adjective)",
"White-",
"White-Finn",
"Whitest",
"FFFFFF",
"Color/white",
"Man on a white horse"
] | White | [
{
"id": "360400",
"text": "important element of \"Star Wars\" since the franchise launched in 1977, focusing on a struggle between democracy and dictatorship. McQuarrie's designs for Darth Vader, initially inspired by Samurai armor, also incorporated a German military helmet. Space battles in \"A New Hope\"... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: Star Wars context: important element of \"Star Wars\" since the franchise launched in 1977,... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: Galactic Empire (Star Wars) context: in fact the army, but rather an elite corps that works... |
217 | Luxor international airport is in which country? | [
"EGY",
"Arab Republic of Egypt",
"A .R . EGYPT",
"The Arab Republic of Egypt",
"Eygpt",
"Etymology of Egypt",
"مصر",
"Kemmet",
"Gift of the Nile",
"Arab Republic Of Egypt",
"Names of Egypt",
"Miṣr",
"A .R . Egypt",
"Eytp",
"National identity of Egyptians",
"Jumhuriyat Misr al'Arabiyah"... | Egypt | [
{
"id": "12054221",
"text": "Airport is the main gateway to Egypt and is located about 15 miles northeast of the city in northern Egypt. Cairo’s three terminals receive flights from all major world cities including those in North America, Europe, Asia and Africa. You can reach central Cairo by bus, while nu... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: Tourism in Egypt context: Airport is the main gateway to Egypt and is located about 15 mile... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle El Alamein International Airport context: El Alamein International Airport El Alamein Intern... |
218 | Which country did Albert Einstein move to as the Nazis rose to power? | [
"The United States of America",
"United States Of Amerca",
"Us of a",
"U.–S.–A.",
"Americaland",
"United States (U.S.A.)",
"Amurika",
"Unite states of america",
"United States of America (redirect)",
"The U S A",
"Unietd States",
"EE UU",
"The U.S.A.",
"U.-S.-A.",
"Usa",
"United Staets... | America | [
{
"id": "15091835",
"text": "a theoretical physicist and philosopher, widely regarded as one of the most influential and best known scientists and intellectuals of all time. A German-Swiss Nobel laureate, Einstein is often regarded as the father of modern physics. His father was Hermann Einstein, a salesman... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: Military history of Jewish Americans context: a theoretical physicist and philosopher, wide... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: Hans Einstein context: Hans Einstein Hans E. Einstein (February 3, 1923 – August 11, 2012) ... |
219 | In the 90s how many points have been awarded for finishing first in a Grand Prix? | [
"10",
"ten"
] | 10 | [
{
"id": "4028670",
"text": "23 and Nannini eighth with 21. In the constructors, McLaren were champions with 121 points with Ferrari second with 110, Benetton third with 71 and Williams fourth with 55. Points towards the 1990 FIA Formula One World Championship for Drivers were awarded on a 9–6–4–3–2–1 basis ... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: 1990 Formula One World Championship context: 23 and Nannini eighth with 21. In the construc... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: 2014 Abu Dhabi Grand Prix context: the implementation of this system turned out to be a one... |
220 | Which lawyer made Raymond Burr famous? | [
"Perry Mason (film)",
"Perry mason",
"Perry Mason: The Case of the Defiant Daughter",
"Perry Mason"
] | Perry Mason | [
{
"id": "19275992",
"text": "The Case of the Restless Redhead \"The Case of the Restless Redhead\" is the premiere episode of the CBS television series \"Perry Mason\". Adapted from the 1954 novel of the same title by Erle Stanley Gardner, this episode marked the beginning of Raymond Burr's long-running por... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: The Case of the Restless Redhead context: The Case of the Restless Redhead \"The Case of th... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: Perry Mason (TV film series) context Perry Mason (TV film series) A series of 30 Perry Maso... |
221 | Which broadcasting company did Edward J Noble found? | [
"ABCs",
"ABC",
"A B C",
"A. B. C.",
"A.B.C.",
"ABC (channel)",
"Abc",
"ABC (album)",
"ABC (TV)",
"ABC (disambiguation)",
"ABC (network)",
"ABC (TV channel)",
"ABC (broadcasting)"
] | Abc | [
{
"id": "3344997",
"text": "Edward J. Noble Edward John Noble (October 8, 1882 – December 28, 1958) was an American broadcasting and candy industrialist originally from Gouverneur, New York. He co-founded the Life Savers Corporation in 1913. He founded the American Broadcasting Company when he purchased the... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: Edward J. Noble context: Edward J. Noble Edward John Noble (October 8, 1882 – December 28, ... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: Edward. Noble context: of its two radio networks, he founded the American Broadcasting Comp... |
222 | In which decade did the Jackson 5 sign to Motown? | [
"Sixties Revolution",
"Turbulent Sixties",
"1960s (decade)",
"The '60's",
"60's",
"1960s in sports",
"1960's",
"Nineteen sixties",
"The 60s",
"1960s",
"The '60s",
"Sixties",
"The 60's",
"Nineteen-sixties",
"1960ies",
"1960–1969",
"%6060s",
"'60s",
"1960-1969",
"1960’s",
"The ... | 1960s | [
{
"id": "13521560",
"text": "The Jackson 5 The Jackson 5 (later known as The Jacksons) were an American pop band composed of members of the Jackson family. The group was founded in 1964 in Gary, Indiana by brothers Jackie, Tito, and Jermaine Jackson, with younger brothers Marlon and Michael joining soon aft... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: The Jackson 5 context: The Jackson 5 The Jackson 5 (later known as The Jacksons) were an Am... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: Jermaine Jackson context: the Jackson 5 decided to leave the label and sign with Epic Recor... |
223 | In which state is Harrah's Auto Collection situated? | [
"Silver State",
"Nevada, United States",
"Sports in Nevada",
"Geography of Nevada",
"US-NV",
"Nevada's Southern Boundary 1861-1867",
"Transportation in Nevada",
"The Sagebrush State",
"NV (state)",
"Education in Nevada",
"Religion in Nevada",
"Nevadian",
"36th State",
"The Battle Born Stat... | Nevada | [
{
"id": "3841935",
"text": "of all time in Reno, Nevada. After Harrah's death in 1984, the auction catalogue advertised the lot as having a carnation red body with white top and created from parts of a Ford Model T, a Maxwell, a Hudson and a Chevrolet. Harrah's F.R.P. is, since 1994, at the Seal Cove Auto M... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: My Mother the Car context: of all time in Reno, Nevada. After Harrah's death in 1984, the a... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle My Mother the Car context: of all time in Reno, Nevada. After Harrah's death in 1984, the au... |
224 | What was the name of Gene Autry's horse? | [
"Champion",
"Edric Egberuare",
"Title match system",
"Intercontinental Champion",
"Champions",
"Championship game",
"Chåmpionship"
] | Champion | [
{
"id": "9117283",
"text": "The Adventures of Champion The Adventures of Champion is an American adventure serial radio drama directed by William Burch about screen cowboy Gene Autry's horse Champion. Each 15-minute episode was broadcast weekday afternoons on the Mutual Broadcasting System in 1949 and 1950.... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: The Adventures of Champion context: The Adventures of Champion The Adventures of Champion i... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: The Adventures of Champion (TV series) context: as Champion, or TV Champ, for short. He was... |
225 | Which city has a sports team of Steelers and team of Pirates? | [
"Smoky City",
"Pittsburgh (Pa.)",
"Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.",
"Frick International Studies Academy Middle School",
"Pitsburgh",
"The Burgh",
"Pittsbrugh",
"Pittsburgh, Pa",
"Pittsburgh, USA",
"Glenwood, Pennsylvania",
"Pittsburgh (PA)",
"The Pittsburgh Style of Literature",
"Pittsburgh, Pen... | Pittsburgh | [
{
"id": "3939286",
"text": "Boston-area teams, following the Patriots wins in Super Bowls XXXVI and XXXVIII. With the Patriots having won Super Bowl XXXVIII the previous February, the Red Sox winning the World Series marked the first time since 1979 that the same city had a Super Bowl and World Series winne... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: 2004 World Series context: Boston-area teams, following the Patriots wins in Super Bowls XX... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: Pitts Penguins context: team switched from wearing blue and white to their present-day sche... |
226 | What went with Blood and Sweat in the name of the 60s rock band? | [
"Wept",
"Lacrymation",
"Bogorad’s Syndrome",
"Lacrimal fluid",
"Leamy eye",
"Lachrymation",
"Watery eyes",
"Pre-corneal tear film",
"Tears",
"Tear Duct and Gland",
"Lacrimation",
"Teary",
"Alacria",
"Basal tears",
"Bogorad's syndrome",
"Epiphoria",
"Bogorad's Syndrome",
"Reflex ear... | Tears | [
{
"id": "1624378",
"text": "Child Is Father to the Man Child Is Father to the Man is the debut album by Blood, Sweat & Tears, released in February 1968. It reached number 47 on Billboard's Pop Albums chart in the United States. A teenaged Al Kooper went to a concert for jazz trumpeter Maynard Ferguson in 19... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: Child Is Father to the Man context: Child Is Father to the Man Child Is Father to the Man i... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: Blood, Sweat & Tears context: wanted move Kooper exclusively to keyboard and composing duti... |
227 | Which musical featured the song I Feel Pretty? | [
"The Sharks (West Side Story)",
"Gee, Officer Krupke",
"Westside Story",
"West Side Story 2008",
"Riff (character)",
"West side story",
"The Jets (West Side Story)",
"Jet Song",
"West Side Story",
"West Side Story (musical)"
] | West Side Story | [
{
"id": "7922647",
"text": "I Feel Pretty \"I Feel Pretty\" is a song from the 1957 musical \"West Side Story\". \"The New York Times\" explained that \"Mr. Sondheim…has said he was never particularly fond of his lyrics in 'West Side Story,' especially 'I Feel Pretty, later expressing that \"The idea of the... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: I Feel Pretty context: I Feel Pretty \"I Feel Pretty\" is a song from the 1957 musical \"We... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: I Feel Pretty context: witty and gay/And I pity/Any girl who isn’t me today'. In the movie ... |
228 | "Who said, ""Being No 1 tennis player in the world doesn't necessarily mean you're intelligent?""" | [
"Jana Novotná",
"Jana Novotna"
] | Jana Novotna | [
{
"id": "3504549",
"text": "in 2009. In April 2007, Jaeger and several former athletes, including Andre Agassi, Lance Armstrong, Tony Hawk, Jackie Joyner-Kersee, and Muhammad Ali, appeared on the American morning television talk show \"Good Morning America\" to announce their formation of a new charity enti... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: Andrea Jaeger context: in 2009. In April 2007, Jaeger and several former athletes, includin... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: Marat Safin context: Novgorod. Marat Safin Mar Mubinovich Safin (, ; born 27 January 1980) ... |
229 | Who produced the first Jetliner in 1957? | [
"Boeing Aircraft of Canada",
"Boeing Information Services, Inc.",
"The Boeing Company",
"Boeing Aircraft",
"Pacific Aero Products",
"Continental DataGraphics",
"Boeing Electronics, Inc.",
"The Boeing Co.",
"Boeing Aircraft Corp",
"Boeing Company",
"Boeing Aircraft Company",
"Pacific Aero Produ... | Boeing | [
{
"id": "17875664",
"text": "the program was overtaken by the Boeing 707 on the trans-Atlantic run. The Comet 4 was developed into the Hawker Siddeley Nimrod which retired in June 2011. Following the grounding of the Comet 1, the Tu-104 became the first jet airliner to provide a sustained and reliable servi... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle Post-war aviation context: the program was overtaken by the Boeing 707 on the trans-Atlantic... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: Jet Age context service on the New York to London route in 1958, this became the first year... |
230 | In which decade of the 20th century was James Caan born? | [
"1930’s",
"Thirties",
"1930s literature",
"Nineteen-thirties",
"1930–1939",
"1930-1939",
"'30s",
"1930s",
"1930's",
"%6030s",
"1930s (decade)",
"The Thirties"
] | 1930s | [
{
"id": "11013808",
"text": "James Caan (entrepreneur) James Caan (born Nazim Khan, 28 December 1960) is a British-Pakistani entrepreneur and television personality. He is best known as a former investor on the BBC television programme \"Dragons’ Den\", in which he was one of the Dragons from 2007 to 2010. ... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: James Caan (entrepreneur) context: James Caan (entrepreneur) James Caan (born Nazim Khan, 2... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: James Caan (entrepreneur) context: Kingdom when he two years old. His father came to the UK... |
231 | In which country is the deepwater port of Trondheim? | [
"Norvège",
"Mainland Norway",
"Norway",
"Norvege",
"Noregur",
"NORWAY",
"Norwegian state",
"Etymology of Norway",
"Noruega",
"Norwegen",
"ISO 3166-1:NO",
"Noreg",
"Republic of Norway",
"Norwegian kingdom",
"Kongeriket Noreg",
"Name of Norway",
"Kongeriket Norge",
"Noorwegen",
"Ki... | Norway | [
{
"id": "19897633",
"text": "Marine Corps Prepositioning Program-Norway Stockpiles of United States Marine Corps weapons, vehicles, ammunition and other equipment have been located in Norway since 1981 as part of what is currently designated the Marine Corps Prepositioning Program-Norway (MCPP-N). This mate... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: Marine Corps Prepositioning Program-Norway context: Marine Corps Prepositioning Program-Nor... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: Internet in Norway context: Internet in Norway The Internet in Norway had its beginnings in... |
232 | In which state is Camp David? | [
"Education in Maryland",
"The Old Line State",
"Murder Land",
"Geography of Maryland",
"Mary Land",
"Maryland",
"Economy of Maryland",
"Transport in Maryland",
"Old Line State",
"Maryland, USA",
"Maryland, United States",
"Maryland gross state product",
"MarylanD",
"Maryland (state)",
"M... | Maryland | [
{
"id": "79160",
"text": "Camp David Camp David is the country retreat for the President of the United States. It is located in the wooded hills of Catoctin Mountain Park near Thurmont, Maryland, also near Emmitsburg, Maryland about 62 miles (100 km) north-northwest of Washington, D.C. It is officially know... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: Camp David context: Camp David Camp David is the country retreat for the President of the U... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: White House Communications Agency context: handpickedantrymen selected for this special dut... |
233 | What was the Statue of Liberty originally called? | [
"Liberty, Statue of",
"Statue of liberty",
"Fort Wood National Monument",
"Staute of Liberty",
"Statue of Liberty",
"Azadliq Statue",
"Freiheitsstatue",
"Liberty Enlightening the World",
"Statue of Liberty, USA",
"Statue Of Liberty",
"Liberty enlightening the world",
"Statue Liberty",
"Mothe... | Liberty Enlightening the World | [
{
"id": "2109490",
"text": "Statue of Freedom The Statue of Freedom, also known as Armed Freedom or simply Freedom, is a bronze statue designed by Thomas Crawford (1814–1857) that, since 1863, has crowned the dome of the U.S. Capitol building in Washington, D.C. Originally named Freedom Triumphant in War an... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: Statue of Freedom context: Statue of Freedom The Statue of Freedom, also known as Armed Fre... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: Statue of Liberty context: Fort Wood, a disused army base on Bedloe's Island constructed be... |
234 | Who sang the Bond theme form From Russia With Love? | [
"Fred Flange",
"Matt Monroe",
"Matt Munro",
"Matt Monro",
"Matt Munroe",
"Terence Edward Parsons"
] | Matt Monro | [
{
"id": "8516668",
"text": "Love\" is the first Bond film in the series with John Barry as the primary soundtrack composer. The theme song was composed by Lionel Bart of \"Oliver!\" fame and sung by Matt Monro, although the title credit music is a lively instrumental version of the tune beginning with Barry... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: From Russia with Love (film) context: Love\" is the first Bond film in the series with John... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: From Russia with Love (soundtrack) context: the completed film. album was the last of the B... |
235 | Which company was responsible for the oil spill in New York harbor in 1990? | [
"Standard Oil New Jersey",
"Exxon Company",
"Exxon",
"Jersey Standard",
"EXXon",
"Exxon Research and Engineering Company",
"Esso Petroleum",
"Standard Oil Company of New Jersey",
"Exxon Company USA"
] | Exxon | [
{
"id": "5366150",
"text": "acquisition in late 2014, all Hess gas stations will be rebranded as Speedway gas stations by the end of 2017. The transaction completed the transformation of Hess into an energy company focused solely on exploration and production, effectively reversing the Amerada merger almost... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: Hess Corporation context: acquisition in late 2014, all Hess gas stations will be rebranded... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: Hess Corporation context: acquisition in late 2014, all Hess gas stations will be rebranded... |
236 | Who had an 80s No 1 with Don't You Want Me? | [
"The Human League",
"The League Unlimited Orchestra",
"The Dead Daughters",
"The Future (band)",
"League unlimited orchestra",
"Human League"
] | Human League | [
{
"id": "1341120",
"text": "The history of The Human League's Fast Product era is covered in the 2015 documentary, Big Gold Dream. The Human League The Human League are an English synth-pop band formed in Sheffield in 1977. Initially an experimental electronic outfit, the group signed to Virgin Records in 1... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: The Human League context: The history of The Human League's Fast Product era is covered in ... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: 1980s in music context:layer, Anthrax, Poison, Mötley Crüe, Ozzy Osbourne, Twisted Sister a... |
237 | Which star of Hannah And Her Sisters has a child called Free? | [
"Barbara Hershey",
"Barbara seagull",
"Barbara Lynn Herzstein",
"Barbara Seagull"
] | Barbara Hershey | [
{
"id": "13984074",
"text": "The arrival of 21-year-old Greta serves as a catalyst to get Hannah out of bed and into Rachel's room. Greta poses as a random student doing an interview for class, but turns out to be Rachel's biological great-granddaughter, whom Hannah had only met as a young child. Greta has ... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: Hannah Free context: The arrival of 21-year-old Greta serves as a catalyst to get Hannah ou... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: Hannah and Her Sisters context: in a 2016 poll of \"Time Out\" contributors, editor Joshua ... |
238 | Who had 70s hits with Have You Seen Her and Oh Girl? | [
"ChiLites",
"Marshall Thompson (Chi-Lites)",
"The Chi-Lites",
"The Chi Lites",
"Marshall D. Thompson",
"Chi-lites",
"Chi Lites",
"Chi-Lites"
] | Chi-Lites | [
{
"id": "14386167",
"text": "up with Marshall Thompson and Creadel \"Red\" Jones of the Desideros to form the Hi-lites. Noting that the name Hi-lites was already in use, and wishing to add a tribute to their home town of Chicago, they changed their name to \"The Chi-Lites\" in 1964. Clarence Johnson left la... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: The Chi-Lites context: up with Marshall Thompson and Creadel \"Red\" Jones of the Desideros... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: Have You Seen Her context: \"leepwalking\". In 2013, voice actors Rob Paulsen and John DiMa... |
239 | In which decade of the 20th century was Father's Day first celebrated? | [
"1910s",
"1910s (decade)",
"Nineteen-tens",
"1910s literature",
"1910–1919",
"1910-1919",
"Music in the 1910's",
"Nineteen tens",
"1910's"
] | 1910s | [
{
"id": "567965",
"text": "the early 20th century to complement Mother's Day by celebrating fathers and male parenting. After Anna Jarvis' successful promotion of Mother's Day in Grafton, West Virginia, the first observance of a \"Father's Day\" was held on July 5, 1908, in Fairmont, West Virginia, in the W... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: Father's Day context: the early 20th century to complement Mother's Day by celebrating fath... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: Father's Day context: of June and is not a public holiday. InMalaysia]], Father's Day falls... |
240 | Will Rogers airport was built in which US state? | [
"Okla.",
"Oklahoma",
"Oklahoma, United States",
"Sooner State",
"Forty-Sixth State",
"Religion in Oklahoma",
"Culture of Oklahoma",
"46th State",
"Oklahoma (U.S. state)",
"Oklahoma, USA",
"State of Oklahoma",
"List of Oklahoma State Symbols",
"Oaklahoma",
"Oklaholma",
"Transportation in ... | Oklahoma | [
{
"id": "5838652",
"text": "Wiley Post–Will Rogers Memorial Airport Wiley Post–Will Rogers Memorial Airport, often referred to as Post/Rogers Memorial is a public airport located in Utqiagvik, the largest city and borough seat of the North Slope Borough of the U.S. state of Alaska. The airport is owned by t... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: Wiley Post–Will Rogers Memorial Airport context: Wiley Post–Will Rogers Memorial Airport Wi... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: Wiley Post–Will Rogers Memorial Airport context: Wiley Post–Will Rogers Memorial Airport Wi... |
241 | In which decade of the 20th century was Andy Williams born? | [
"20's",
"20-29",
"20s",
"20’s"
] | 20s | [
{
"id": "2808431",
"text": "than 10 million certified units in the United States. Williams was active in the music industry for 74 years. Williams was born in Wall Lake, Iowa, to Jay Emerson and Florence (née Finley) Williams. While living in Cheviot, Ohio, Williams attended Western Hills High School in Cin... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: Andy Williams context: than 10 million certified units in the United States. Williams was a... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: Charles Andrew Williams context: 225. He will be 39 years old. Charles Andrew Williams Char... |
242 | What book was Mark David Chapman carrying with him when he killed John Lennon on 12/8/80? | [
"J.D. Salinger's Catcher in the Rye"
] | J.D. Salinger's Catcher in the Rye | [
{
"id": "4719529",
"text": "commit the murder. Bardo was found guilty of first-degree murder and sentenced to life imprisonment without the possibility of parole. Bardo carried a red paperback copy of \"The Catcher in the Rye\" when he murdered Schaeffer, which he tossed onto the roof of a building as he fl... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: Robert John Bardo context: commit the murder. Bardo was found guilty of first-degree murder... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: Chapter 27 context: 27\" is based on text. The title \"Chapter 27\" suggests a continuation... |
243 | What writer worked as a Pinkerton detective on cases involving movie comic Fatty Arbuckle and gambler Nick Arnstein? | [
"Dashiel Hammet",
"Samuel hammett",
"Daschiell Hammet",
"Dashiell Hammett",
"Samuel Hammett",
"Dasheill Hammet",
"Dashiel Hammett",
"Dashiell hammet",
"Samuel Dashiell Hammett",
"Dashiel hammet",
"Hammettian",
"Dashiell Hammet"
] | Dashiell Hammett | [
{
"id": "6824407",
"text": "Hammett (film) Hammett is a 1982 mystery film directed by Wim Wenders and executive produced by Francis Ford Coppola. The screenplay was written by Ross Thomas and Dennis O'Flaherty, based on the novel of the same name by Joe Gores. It stars Frederic Forrest as detective story wr... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: Hammett (film) context: Hammett (film) Hammett is a 1982 mystery film directed by Wim Wende... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: Ace Atkins context: the early life of one of those heroes: Dashiell Hammett, the originator... |
244 | What writer was expelled from West Point for showing up for a public parade wearing only a white belt and gloves? | [
"Edgar alen poe",
"Edgar Allan Poe",
"Ea poe",
"Edgar allen poe",
"Edgar Allen Poe",
"The Life of Edgar Allan Poe",
"Poean",
"Poe, Edgar Allen",
"Edgar A. Poe",
"Edgar Allan Poe and the Stories He Has Written",
"Edgar Allan Poe's literary influence",
"Edger Allen Poe",
"Edgar allan poe",
"... | Edgar Allan Poe | [
{
"id": "12356946",
"text": "the interview made clear she was a reporter (and who did indeed, at the close, take pictures of Salinger as he departed). According to the first account, the interview ended \"disastrously\" when a local passer-by from Cornish attempted to shake the famous author's hand, at whic... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: J. D. Salinger context: the interview made clear she was a reporter (and who did indeed, at... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: United States context: as Irving Berlin, Cole Porter, and Stephen Sondheim have become pop ... |
245 | What Frenchman wrote about two fantastic space odysseys--one to the moon and one to the sun--more than 200 years before Jules Verne? | [
"Cyrano De Bergerac",
"Cyrano de Bergerac (writer)",
"Savinien de Cyrano de Bergerac",
"Cyrano deBergerac",
"Hercule Savinien Cyrano de Bergerac",
"Cyrano de Bergerac, Savinien de",
"Cyrano de Bergerac, Savinien",
"Cyrano de bergerac",
"Cyrano de Bergerac (person)",
"Cyrano de Bergerac",
"Cyrano... | Cyrano de Bergerac | [
{
"id": "5856173",
"text": "group of ambulant actors in the provinces to present both scenes of farce and sophisticated, inserted tales. Cyrano de Bergerac (made famous by Edmond Rostand's 19th-century play) wrote two novels which, 60 years before \"Gulliver's Travels\" or Voltaire (or science fiction), use... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: 17th-century French literature context group of ambulant actors in the provinces to present... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: Cyrano de Bergerac context: was a pupil of French polymath Pierre Gassendi, a canon of the ... |
246 | "What kind of tree was Betty Smith referring to in her book ""A Tree Grows in Brooklyn""?" | [
"An ailanthus, known as the tree of heaven"
] | An ailanthus, known as the tree of heaven | [
{
"id": "4855684",
"text": "Betty Smith Betty Smith (December 15, 1896 – January 17, 1972) was an American author. She is best known for her 1943 novel \"A Tree Grows in Brooklyn,\" which became an immediate bestseller and is now considered one of the great American novels of the 20th century. The book was ... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: Betty Smith context: Betty Smith Betty Smith (December 15, 1896 – January 17, 1972) was an ... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle:ilanthus altissima context: a \"good-for-nothing ailanthus stump sprout\", meaning the child... |
247 | "What couple live next door to Dagwood and Blondie Bumstead in ""Blondie""?" | [
"Herb and Tootsie Woodley"
] | Herb and Tootsie Woodley | [
{
"id": "2513673",
"text": "over all he surveys, with one notable exception—his formidable and domineering wife, Cora. Blondie and Dagwood's best friends are their next-door neighbors Herb and Tootsie Woodley, although Dagwood and Herb's friendship is frequently volatile. Lou is the burly, tattooed owner of... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: Blondie (comic strip) context: over all he surveys, with one notable exception—his formidab... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: Blondie for Victory context: scene and takes camp at a nearby hotel, and comes visiting Dag... |
248 | Who was the Lone Ranger's great grand-nephew? | [
"Green Hornet (film)",
"Green Hornet, The",
"Green Hornet",
"Brit Reid",
"Green Hornet (comics)",
"The green hornet",
"The Green Hornet",
"Britt Reid"
] | The Green Hornet | [
{
"id": "1064711",
"text": "became a juvenile sidekick to the Masked Man, is Dan Reid. When Trendle and Striker later created \"The Green Hornet\" in 1936, they made this Dan Reid the father of Britt Reid, alias the Green Hornet, thereby making the Lone Ranger the Green Hornet's great-uncle. Throughout \"Th... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: Lone Ranger context: became a juvenile sidekick to the Masked Man, is Dan Reid. When Trendl... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: Lone Ranger context: basic story of the origin of the Lone Ranger is the same in most versi... |
249 | "Psychologist William Moulton Marston, inventor of the polygraph, or lie detector, also created a famous comic book heroine,. Who was she?""" | [
"Wonder-woman",
"Wonder women",
"Wonder Lady",
"Wonder Woman (undeveloped film)",
"Wonder Woman (comic book)",
"Wonder-Woman",
"Wonder Woman: Spirit of Truth",
"Wonder Tot",
"Wonder Woman (movie)",
"Wonderwoman",
"Wonder woman",
"Princess Diana (comics)",
"WonderWoman",
"Wonder Woman"
] | Wonder Woman | [
{
"id": "953821",
"text": "William Moulton Marston William Moulton Marston (May 9, 1893 – May 2, 1947), also known by the pen name Charles Moulton (), was an American psychologist, inventor of an early prototype of the lie detector, self-help author, and comic book writer who created the character Wonder Wo... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: William Moulton Marston context: William Moulton Marston William Moulton Marston (May 9, 18... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: Portrayal of women in American comics context: line was dominated by superpowered male char... |
250 | """Last night I dreamt I went to Manderley again,"" was the first line of what Daphne du Maurier novel?" | [
"Rifkah",
"Rifko",
"Rifka",
"Rifkoh",
"Ribhqah",
"Rivqah",
"Rebeccah",
"Rebekah",
"Rivqa",
"Rivko",
"Rivka",
"Rebbecca",
"Rebecca",
"Rivkoh"
] | Rebecca | [
{
"id": "4243748",
"text": "something happens.'\" Du Maurier and her husband, \"Tommy Browning, like Rebecca and Maximilian de Winter, were not faithful to one another.\" Subsequent to the novel's publication, \"Jan Ricardo, tragically, died during the Second World War. She threw herself under a train.\" Ch... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: Rebecca (novel) context: something happens.'\" Du Maurier and her husband, \"Tommy Browning... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: The Dandelion Girl context The Dandelion Girl \"The Dandelion Girl\" is a science fiction s... |
251 | "What is the actual title of Leonardo da Vinci's ""Mona Lisa""?" | [
"La Gioconda (disambiguation)",
"La Gioconda",
"La gioconda",
"La Giaconda"
] | La Gioconda | [
{
"id": "793077",
"text": "Mona Lisa The Mona Lisa (; or La Gioconda , ) is a half-length portrait painting by the Italian Renaissance artist Leonardo da Vinci that has been described as \"the best known, the most visited, the most written about, the most sung about, the most parodied work of art in the wor... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: Mona Lisa context: Mona Lisa The Mona Lisa (; or La Gioconda , ) is a half-length portrait ... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: Mona Lisa context: (\"happy\" or \"jovial\") or, literally, \"the jocund one\", a pun on th... |
252 | In Henry Wadsworth Longfellow's famous poem, Hiawatha, what was the name of Hiawatha's wife? | [
"Minnehaha",
"Minniehaha"
] | Minnehaha | [
{
"id": "8352913",
"text": "York City. Site of the 53-foot (16 m) Minnehaha Falls, Minnehaha Park is one of the city's oldest and most popular parks, receiving over 500,000 visitors each year. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow named Hiawatha's wife Minnehaha for the Minneapolis waterfall in \"The Song of Hiawatha\... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: Minapolis context: York City. Site of the 53-foot (16 m) Minnehaha Falls, Minnehaha Park is... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: The Song of Hiawatha context: The Song of Hiawatha The Song of Hiawatha is an 1855 epic poe... |
253 | What famous American writer worked as an entertainer aboard a Swedish ocean liner cruising the Caribbean before being drafted to serve in World War II? | [
"Salingerian",
"Jd salinger",
"Salinger, J. D.",
"J D Salinger",
"J. D. Salinger",
"J.D. Salinger's",
"Jerome salinger",
"J. D. Sallinger",
"J.D. Sallinger",
"Jerome David Salinger",
"Jerome Salinger",
"JD Salinger",
"Margaret Salinger",
"J.D. Salinger",
"J.D.Salinger"
] | J. D. Salinger | [
{
"id": "18191877",
"text": "the James Bond movies \"Never Say Never Again\" and \"Thunderball\". Members of the American Beat Movement Allen Ginsberg, Jack Kerouac, Bob Kaufman, and Herbert Huncke were all Merchant Mariners. It is perhaps not surprising that the writers of \"Moby Dick\", \"The American Pra... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: Sailor context: the James Bond movies \"Never Say Never Again\" and \"Thunderball\".embers ... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: J. D. Salinger context: Oona began seeing Charlie Chaplin, whom she eventually married. In ... |
254 | What did famed architect Frank Lloyd Wright reply when an important client called to complain that water on the roof of his newly completed house was leaking onto a dinner guest? | [
"Tell him to move his chair"
] | Tell him to move his chair | [
{
"id": "8010207",
"text": "example, a window was added in the Robert Levin House despite Wright's wishes, and he never signed the house. A similar expression of dismay from one of the Kalamazoo clients at about this same time had resulted in Wright imperiously rolling up his drawings and saying, \"Madam, y... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: Herman T. Mossberg Residence context: example, a window was added in the Robert Levin House... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: Frank Lloyd context: Frank Lloyd Wright Frank Lloyd Wright (born Frank Lincoln Wright, June... |
255 | What were the first names of L'il Abner Yokum's parents in the popular Al Capp comic strip? | [
"Mammy was Pansy; Pappy, Lucifer"
] | Mammy was Pansy; Pappy, Lucifer | [
{
"id": "32642",
"text": "commentary, \"Li'l Abner\" is considered a classic of the genre. The comic strip stars Li'l Abner Yokum—the simple-minded, loutish but good-natured and eternally innocent hayseed who lives with his parents—scrawny but superhuman Mammy Yokum, and shiftless, childlike Pappy Yokum. \"... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: Al Capp context: commentary,Li'l Abner\" is considered a classic of the genre. The comic st... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: Al Capp context: Fry\" (a.k.a. \"Small Change\"), and \"Advice fo' Chillun.\" According to ... |
256 | What were the first names of Robert Louis Stevenson's Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde? | [
"The good doctor was Henry; the evil Mr. Hyde, Edward"
] | The good doctor was Henry; the evil Mr. Hyde, Edward | [
{
"id": "2215416",
"text": "wife Julia Hammersley. Her younger brother, Walter Jekyll (an Anglican priest; sometime Minor Canon of Worcester Cathedral and Chaplain of Malta), was a friend of Robert Louis Stevenson, who borrowed the family name for his famous novella \"Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde\". In 1848 her fa... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: Gertrude Jekyll context: wife Julia Hammersley. Her younger brother, Walter Jekyll (an Angl... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde Or a Mis-Spent Life context: 1908 silent movie \"Dr. Jekyll and Mr.... |
257 | "In what unusual way did writer Nathan Weinstein follow publisher Horace Greeley's advice to ""Go west, young man""?" | [
"He changed his last name to West--and became famous as Nathanael West, author of Miss Lonelyhearts and The Day of the Locust"
] | He changed his last name to West--and became famous as Nathanael West, author of Miss Lonelyhearts and The Day of the Locust | [
{
"id": "11301723",
"text": "\"Go West, young man\" is a reference to a famous phrase by Horace Greeley, who, in a 13 July 1865 editorial, advised: \"Go West, young man, go West and grow up with the country.\" The song was performed live by Genesis on their 1978 tour and was used as a frequent opening numbe... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: Deep in the Motherlode context: \"Go West, young man\" is a reference to a famous phrase by... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: Go West, young man context: does not appear in that issue of the newspaper. The actual edit... |
258 | What was the name of the she-ape that rescued the infant Tarzan and raised him to be Lord of the Apes? | [
"Kāla",
"Kala",
"Kala (disambiguation)",
"Kala, Mazandaran",
"KALA"
] | Kala | [
{
"id": "7614136",
"text": "character Binns and his role in bringing the Porters to Africa; the novel brought them there through the improbable coincidence of a second mutiny. John and Alice Clayton, Lord and Lady Greystoke (True Boardman and Kathleen Kirkham), are passengers on the \"Fuwalda\", a ship boun... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: Tarzan of the Apes (198 film) context: character Binns and his role in bringing the Porters... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: Tarzan (2013 film) context: into the valley, and taken back to her nest, where the kindly s... |
259 | In what best-selling book did an author offer acknowledgement to a friend who later killed him? | [
"The Complete Scarsdale Medical Diet, in which Dr. Herman Tarnower thanked his friend Jean Harris"
] | The Complete Scarsdale Medical Diet, in which Dr. Herman Tarnower thanked his friend Jean Harris | [
{
"id": "20449641",
"text": "Mitchell's \"Gone with the Wind\" (1936), Carnegie’s \"How to Win Friends and Influence People\" (1937), Spock’s \"Common Sense Book of Baby and Child Care\" (1946), Harris’ \"I'm OK – You're OK\" (1969), Woodward and Bernstein's \"All the President's Men\" (1974). Recent bestse... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: Books in the United States context: Mitchell's \"Gone with the Wind\" (1936), Carnegie’s \"... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: Lew Wallace context: it as the most influential Christian book of the 19th century. Others ... |
260 | What was the title of Mac West's 1959 autobiography? | [
"Goodness Had Nothing to Do With It"
] | Goodness Had Nothing to Do With It | [
{
"id": "1480316",
"text": "she released an autobiography, \"Goodness Had Nothing to Do With It\", which became a best seller and was reprinted with a new chapter in 1970. West guest-starred on television, including \"The Dean Martin Show\" in 1959 and \"The Red Skelton Show\" in 1960, to promote her autobi... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: Mae West context: she released an autobiography, \"Goodness Had Nothing to Do With It\", wh... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: Mae context: she released an autobiography, \"Goodness Had Nothing to Do With It\", which b... |
261 | How many copies did Doubleday run off the presses in its first printing of Bill Cosby's 1987 book Time Flies? | [
"1.5million",
"one point five million",
"1.5 million"
] | 1.5 million | [
{
"id": "3722323",
"text": "\"Replay\" hides his identity by using the name Alan Cochran. Behind Doubleday's cover blurb, \"A Terrifying Novel of Murder in a Swinging Social Club,\" the storyline follows two Los Angeles detectives investigating a trio of murders. Doubleday described the book with this summa... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: Ken Grimwood context:Replay\" hides his identity by using the name Alan Cochran. Behind Dou... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: Ken Grimwood context:Replay\" hides his identity by using the name Alan Cochran. Behind Dou... |
262 | "What words did Lewis Carroll combine to come up with the term ""chortle"" in Through a Looking-Glass?" | [
"Chuckle and snort"
] | Chuckle and snort | [
{
"id": "208704",
"text": "written in mirror-writing. She holds a mirror to one of the poems and reads the reflected verse of \"Jabberwocky\". She finds the nonsense verse as puzzling as the odd land she has passed into, later revealed as a dreamscape. \"Jabberwocky\" is considered one of the greatest nonse... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: Jabberwocky context: written in mirror-writing She holds a mirror to one of the poems and r... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: The Riddle (Nik Kershaw song) context: references to Lewis Carroll's book \"Alice in Wonder... |
263 | "What literary animals ""dined on mince, and slices of quince, which they ate with a runcible spoon""? And just what is a runcible spoon?" | [
"The Owl and the Pussy-Cat did the dining in the poem of the same name by Edward Lear. A runcible spoon is a three-pronged fork, that's curved like a spoon and has a cutting edge"
] | The Owl and the Pussy-Cat did the dining in the poem of the same name by Edward Lear. A runcible spoon is a three-pronged fork, that's curved like a spoon and has a cutting edge | [
{
"id": "5128165",
"text": "bong trees grow and discover a pig with a ring in his nose in a wood. They buy the ring for a shilling and are married the next day by a turkey. They dine on mince and quince using a \"runcible spoon\", then dance hand-in-hand on the sand in the moonlight. Portions of an unfinish... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: The Owl and the Pussycat context: bong trees grow and discover a pig with a ring in his nos... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: Characters in the Thursday Next series context: at Swindon) is named after the utensil with... |
264 | "Who wrote, ""Oh, East is East, and West is West, and never the twain shall meet""?" | [
"Rudyard Kipling, in The Ballad of East and West"
] | Rudyard Kipling, in The Ballad of East and West | [
{
"id": "8088371",
"text": "geometric shapes. Edges become soft, then hard. Images overlap. Some take on new configurations. Seven screens repeat the same pictures simultaneously. Although the viewer doesn't know what to expect, the celebrities are real, the film lends credibility and therefore all seems pl... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: Good Morning, Mr. Orwell context: geometric shapes. Edges become soft, then hard. Images ov... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: Robert Louis Stevenson context: Robert Louis Stevens Robert Louis Stevenson (13 November 18... |
265 | Who was the subject of the 1968 biography Always on Sunday? | [
"Ed V. Sullivan",
"Ed Sullivan",
"Edward Vincent Sullivan",
"Ed Vincent Sullivan",
"Edward V. Sullivan"
] | Ed Sullivan | [
{
"id": "1411971",
"text": "stock footage to each of the seven movements of the Holst suite. John Coulthart wrote \"familiar Russell obsessions appear: Nazis, naked women and the inevitable crucifixion.\" After essentially disappearing for decades, in 2016 the film was re-released on DVD by Arthaus Musik. R... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: Ken Russell context stock footage to each of the seven movements of the Holst suite. John C... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: Bobby Layne context Pittsburgh Steelers. Though he made the Pro Bowl two more times, he nev... |
266 | Where did mystery writer Agatha Christie acquire her extensive knowledge of poisons? | [
"In a hospital dispensary--where she worked during World War I"
] | In a hospital dispensary--where she worked during World War I | [
{
"id": "11318",
"text": "Before marrying and starting a family in London, she had served in a Devon hospital during the First World War, tending to troops coming back from the trenches. She was initially an unsuccessful writer with six consecutive rejections, but this changed when \"The Mysterious Affair a... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: Agatha Christie context: Before marrying and starting a family in London, she had served in... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: Agatha Christie context: thallium as a poison was suggested to her by UCH Chief Pharmacist ... |
267 | "Shakespeare wrote that ""brevity is the soul of wit."" What did noted wit Dorothy Parker say it was?" | [
"The soul of lingerie"
] | The soul of lingerie | [
{
"id": "1750687",
"text": "the flow of structure (interrupting a comfortable structure), taking the conversation towards an expected crude form with evoking questions, doubts, self-conscientiousness (creating intentional misunderstandings) or layering the existing pattern with multiple anchors...etc. It is... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: Conversation context: the flow of structure (interrupting a comfortable structure), taking ... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: context: Wit Wit is a form of intelligent humour, the ability to say or write things that a... |
268 | """The temperature hit ninety degrees the day she arrived"" was the opening line of one of the best-selling novel ever. What was it?" | [
"The Valley of the Dolls by Jacqueline Susann"
] | The Valley of the Dolls by Jacqueline Susann | [
{
"id": "14996218",
"text": "of the preceding twelve\". The idea of a clock striking thirteen times has shown up many times in literature. The most famous is the first line in George Orwell’s \"Nineteen Eighty-Four\" when it starts with, \"It was a bright cold day in April, and the clocks were striking thir... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: Thteenth stroke of the clock context: of the preceding twelve\". The idea of a clock striki... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: Books in the United States context: Mitchell's \"Gone with the Wind\" (1936), Carnegie’s \"... |
269 | What is the native country of Agatha Chrisitie's detective Hercule Poirot? | [
"Belguim",
"Koenigreich Belgien",
"Belgium/Belgie",
"Kingdom of Belgium",
"Belgian",
"Beljum",
"Königreich Belgien",
"Belgique",
"Belgium",
"Beligum",
"Kingdom of the Belgians",
"Beljam",
"Kingdom Of Belgium",
"Belgum",
"ISO 3166-1:BE",
"Belgie",
"Cockpit of Europe",
"Koninkrijk Be... | Belgium | [
{
"id": "11439",
"text": "\"little grey cells\". Poirot also bears a striking resemblance to A. E. W. Mason's fictional detective, Inspector Hanaud of the French Sûreté, who first appeared in the 1910 novel \"At the Villa Rose\" and predates the first Poirot novel by ten years. Unlike the models mentioned a... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: Hercule Poirot context: \"little grey cells\". Poirot also bears a striking resemblance to ... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: Hercule Poirot context: was at the height of his powers at this point in his life. In \"The... |
270 | What was the hometown of Sgt. Snorkel in Beetle Bailey? | [
"Pork Corners, Kansas"
] | Pork Corners, Kansas | [
{
"id": "1551920",
"text": "Features Syndicate, was animated by Paramount Cartoon Studios in the U.S. and Artransa Film Studios in Sydney, Australia, and was first broadcast in Beetle Bailey (1963 TV series) and Beetle Bailey (1989 TV series). The opening credits included the sound of a bugle reveille, foll... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: Beetle Bailey context: Features Syndicate, was animated by Paramount Cartoon Studios in the... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: Beetle Bailey context: Features Syndicate, was animated by Paramount Cartoon Studios in the... |
271 | Most of us are familiar with the faces of Dr. B. H. McKeeby and Nan Wood, but who are they and where have we seen them? | [
"The farmer and his wife in Grant Wood's classic painting, American Gothic"
] | The farmer and his wife in Grant Wood's classic painting, American Gothic | [
{
"id": "4129495",
"text": "American Gothic American Gothic is a 1930 painting by Grant Wood in the collection of the Art Institute of Chicago. Wood was inspired to paint what is now known as the \"American Gothic\" House in Eldon, Iowa, along with \"the kind of people I fancied should live in that house.\"... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: American Gothic context: American Gothic American Gothic is a 1930 painting by Grant Wood i... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: Gothic context: American Gothic American Gothic is a 1930 painting by Grant Wood in the col... |
272 | The Last Of The Really Great Whangdoodles and Mandy are children's books written by what well-known Oscar-winning actress? | [
"Julia Elizabeth Wells",
"Julie Elizabeth Andrews, DBE",
"Julie Andrews Edwards",
"Julie Wells",
"Julie Elizabeth Wells",
"Julie Elizabeth Andrews",
"Dame Julie Andrews",
"Julie Elizabeth Andrews DBE",
"Julie andrews",
"Julie Andrews"
] | Julie Andrews | [
{
"id": "3927609",
"text": "The Last of the Really Great Whangdoodles The Last of the Really Great Whangdoodles is a children's novel written by Julie Edwards, the married name of singer and actress Dame Julie Andrews. More recent editions credit the book to \"Julie Andrews Edwards\". Three siblings, Ben, T... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: The Last of the Really Great Whangdoodles context: The Last of the Really Great Whangdoodle... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: The Last of the Really Great Whangdoodles context: of another denizen, the Whiffle Bird, to... |
273 | By what pseudonym is writer Frederick Dannay Manfred Bennington Lee better known? | [
"Manfred B. Lee",
"Frederic Dannay",
"Manfred Bennington Lee",
"Manfred Lee",
"Barnaby Ross",
"Pseud. Ellery Queen",
"Lee, Manfred Bennington",
"Dannay, Frederic",
"Ellery Queen"
] | Ellery Queen | [
{
"id": "18077259",
"text": "Kurt. Kurt has a heart attack and dies. Afterward Brown calls the police and confesses the entire story, but police press do not charges as he is able to help them bring down the international drug ring with which Kurt was working. Kill As Directed Kill As Directed is a novel th... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: Kill As Directed context: Kurt. Kurt has a heart attack and dies. Afterward Brown calls the... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: Ellery Queen context: Magician\" and \"The Mystery of the Vanished Victim\" starred \"Gulli... |
274 | "What play opens with ""Now is the winter of our discontent""?" | [
"Shakespeare's The Tragedy of King Richard III"
] | Shakespeare's The Tragedy of King Richard III | [
{
"id": "12357693",
"text": "African American church in Terrell County, Georgia, in September 1962, in which she used the repeated phrase \"I have a dream\". The church burned down after it was used for voter registration meetings. The speech also alludes to in the second stanza of the speech. Additionally,... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: I Have a Dream context: African American church in Terrell County, Georgia, in September 19... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: Richard III (play) context: ofithesis to Richard III. The same antithesis was noted by cons... |
275 | "What is the origin of the expression ""Cowabunga!""--the war cry of the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles? A :It was the greeting exchanged by Buffalo Bob Smith and Chief Thunderthud on the ""Howdy Doody""" | [
"It was the greeting exchanged by Buffalo Bob Smith and Chief Thunderthud on the Howdy Doody TV show in the 1950s"
] | It was the greeting exchanged by Buffalo Bob Smith and Chief Thunderthud on the Howdy Doody TV show in the 1950s | [
{
"id": "4954253",
"text": "on The Magic Castle, a nightclub in the Hollywood district of Los Angeles, California. Marge's line \"I didn't say that for clapping\" is a reference to a speech given by John Wayne while he was intoxicated. Homer wants to buy a singing rubber fish after their first con. At the e... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: The Great Money Caper context: on The Magic Castle, a nightclub in the Hollywood district o... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: Salad days context: plan. \"You may find this hard to believe, but in my salad days, my cro... |
276 | How many times did Ernest Hemingway revise the last page of A Farewell To Arms? | [
"39 times"
] | 39 times | [
{
"id": "121484",
"text": "when he received a cable telling him that his father had killed himself. Hemingway was devastated, having earlier written to his father telling him not to worry about financial difficulties; the letter arrived minutes after the suicide. He realized how Hadley must have felt after ... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: Ernest Hemingway context: when he received a cable telling him that his father had killed h... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: Ernest Hemingway context: when he received a cable telling him that his father had killed h... |
277 | What is the name of the elementary school attended by Lucy, Linus and Charlie Brown in Charles Schulz's Peanuts comic strip? | [
"Oakwood, Warrington",
"Birchwood",
"Gorse Covert",
"Locking Stumps",
"Birchwood, Cheshire"
] | Birchwood | [
{
"id": "525811",
"text": "early strips. Schulz also added some fantastical characters, sometimes imbuing inanimate objects with life. Charlie Brown's nemesis, the Kite-Eating Tree, is one example. Sally Brown's school building expresses thoughts and feelings about the students and the general business of b... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: Peanuts context: early strips. Schulz also added fantastical characters, sometimes imbuing ... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: Peanuts context: four-panel gag strip as standard in the United States, and together with i... |
278 | How many syllables are there in a Japanese haiku poem? | [
"17, arranged in 3 lines of 5, 7, and 5 syllables"
] | 17, arranged in 3 lines of 5, 7, and 5 syllables | [
{
"id": "1310310",
"text": "happiness all around. The amount of money given depends on the age of the child but is usually the same if there is more than one child so that no one feels slighted. It is not uncommon for amounts greater than ¥5,000 (approximately US$50) to be given. The New Year traditions are... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: Japanese New Year context: happiness all around. The amount of money given depends on the a... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: Japanese poetry context: single form of poetry. Haiku derives from the earlier hokku. The n... |
279 | In the original L. Frank Baum story The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, what color were Dorothy's slippers? | [
"Sliver",
"Sliver (album)",
"Sliver (disambiguation)"
] | Sliver | [
{
"id": "1622065",
"text": "of 2018. In L. Frank Baum's original novel, \"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\" (1900), on which the film is based, Dorothy wears Silver Shoes. However, the color of the shoes was changed to red in order to take full advantage of the new Technicolor film process being used in big-budg... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: Ruby slippers context: of 2018. In L. Frank Baum's original novel, \"The Wonderful Wizard o... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: Ruby slippers context: of 2018. In L. Frank Baum's original novel, \"The Wonderful Wizard o... |
280 | What was art-world guru Andy Warhol's name at birth? | [
"Andy Warhaul",
"Warhol",
"Warholian Pop",
"Andy Warhola",
"Andrew warhola",
"Andy Warhol Foundation for the Visual Arts",
"Warholite",
"Andy warhol",
"Drella",
"Andrew Warhol",
"Andy Wahrol",
"Andy worhol",
"Andrew Warhola",
"Andy Warhol Foundation",
"Warholesque",
"Warholian",
"War... | Andrew Warhola | [
{
"id": "4596",
"text": "very collectible and highly valuable. The highest price ever paid for a Warhol painting is US$105 million for a 1963 canvas titled \"Silver Car Crash (Double Disaster)\"; his works include some of the most expensive paintings ever sold. A 2009 article in \"The Economist\" described ... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: Andy Warhol context: very collectible and highly valuable. The highest price ever paid for ... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: Stage name context: \"h\" from his original name Stumph. It was still pronounced \"stump,\"... |
281 | What phrase did French impressionist artist Paul Cezanne teach his pet parrot to say over and over again? | [
"Cezanne is a great painter!"
] | Cezanne is a great painter! | [
{
"id": "323852",
"text": "world by the most accurate method of representing it in paint that he could find. To this end, he structurally ordered whatever he perceived into simple forms and colour planes. His statement \"I want to make of impressionism something solid and lasting like the art in the museums... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: Paul Cézanne context: world by the most accurate method of representing it in paint that h... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: Franglais context: of French into English. However, in this context, the correct translatio... |
282 | What was the maiden name of Blondie Bumstead, the comic-strip wife of hapless Dagwood Bumstead? | [
"Boopadoop"
] | Boopadoop | [
{
"id": "3529372",
"text": "Dagwood Bumstead Dagwood Bumstead is a main character in cartoonist Chic Young's long-running comic strip \"Blondie\". He first appeared some time before 17 February 1933. He was originally heir to the Bumstead Locomotive fortune but was disowned when he married a flapper (origin... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: Dagwood Bumstead context: Dagwood Bumstead Dagwood Bumstead is main character in cartoonist... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: Blond Has Servant Trouble context: to Batterson, the former owner of the house. The clip al... |
283 | Whose autobiography is entitled The Wheel of Fortune? | [
"The answer is not Vanna White, who was only eight years old when the book was published in 1965. Its author was French singer Edith Piaf"
] | The answer is not Vanna White, who was only eight years old when the book was published in 1965. Its author was French singer Edith Piaf | [
{
"id": "19505581",
"text": "away from a congenital cardiac defect, and his nephew Robin falls to his death through a window. In the immediate aftermath of this, John caves in to his \"inappropriate\" feelings for his housekeeper's sister, Bronwen. He resumes his business life in London with his brother Edm... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: The Wheel of Fortune (novel) context: away from a congenital cardiac defect, and his nephew... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: The Wheel of Fortune (novel) context The Wheel of Fortune (novel) \"The Wheel of Fortune\" ... |
284 | What famous comic strip character was inspired by the 1936 Henry Fonda film Trail of the Lonesome Pine? | [
"Al Capp's Li'l Abner"
] | Al Capp's Li'l Abner | [
{
"id": "32648",
"text": "staged Sadie Hawkins dances, patterned after the similar annual event in the strip. Li'l Abner has one odd design quirk that has puzzled readers for decades: the part in his hair always faces the viewer, no matter which direction Abner is facing. In response to the question \"Which... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: Al Capp context: staged Sadie Hawkins dances, patterned after the similar annual event in t... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: Al Capp context: staged Sadie Hawkins dances, patterned after the similar annual event in t... |
285 | What was the original name of the orphan created in 1924 by cartoonist Harold Gray in the comic strip we know as Little Orphan Annie? | [
"Otto",
"Oddo"
] | Otto | [
{
"id": "1393841",
"text": "Little Orphan Annie Little Orphan Annie is a daily American comic strip created by Harold Gray and syndicated by the Tribune Media Services. The strip took its name from the 1885 poem \"Little Orphant Annie\" by James Whitcomb Riley, and made its debut on August 5, 1924, in the N... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: Little Orphan Annie context: Little Orphan An Little Orphan Annie is a daily American comic... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: Harold Gray context: Harold Gray Harold Lincoln Gray (January 20, 1894 – May 9, 1968) was a... |
286 | What Pulitzer Prize-winning novelist worked as a hod carrier, wheeling 100-pound barrows of concrete along scaffolding, during construction of New York's Madison Square Garden in the 1920s? | [
"John Steinbeck III",
"Steinbeck",
"Stienbeck, John",
"John Steinback",
"John Steinbeck fellowship",
"John Stienbeck",
"John Ernst Steinbeck",
"Steinbeck, John",
"Steinbeck Country",
"John Steinbeck",
"Steinbeckian",
"Steinbeck country",
"John Ernst Steinbeck III",
"J. Steinbeck",
"John ... | John Steinbeck | [
{
"id": "7350891",
"text": "of the Hollywood blacklist. Chase suffered a stroke on 12 December 1970. He died in March 1971. The Borden Chase cocktail is named after him. Borden Chase Borden Chase (January 11, 1900 – March 8, 1971) was an American writer. Born Frank Fowler, he left school at fourteen went th... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: Borden Chase context: of the Hollywood blacklist. Chase suffered a stroke on 12 December 19... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: Booth Tarkington context: fantasizes about Miss Pratt by the rescue of precious little Flop... |
287 | In what play does the title character have a son named Swiss Cheese? | [
"Mother Courage and Her Children by Bertolt Brecht"
] | Mother Courage and Her Children by Bertolt Brecht | [
{
"id": "14287682",
"text": "Leland Crooke Leland Crooke is an American actor from stage and film. He is known from several stage plays and films by David Beaird. In February 1980, Crooke gave his stage debut in the play Bal (Richard Nelson's loosely adaption of Bertolt Brecht's play \"Baal\" with James Bel... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: Leland Crooke context: Leland Crooke Leland Crooke is an American actor from stage and film... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: Mother Courage and Her Children context: and his mother sing \"The Fishwife and the Soldier... |
288 | How many grandchildren did artist Grandma Moses have? | [
"11",
"eleven"
] | 11 | [
{
"id": "34541",
"text": "loves and defends the simple life. Granny's full name, Daisy Moses, is allegedly an homage to the popular and dearly loved folk artist Anna Mary Robertson, known to the world as Grandma Moses, who died in 1961, a year before \"The Beverly Hillbillies\" made its television debut. Gr... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: The Beverly Hillbillies context: loves and defends the simple life. Granny's full name, Dai... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: Grandma Moses context: cameras In 1950, the National Press Club cited her as one of the fiv... |
289 | In the early James Bond books, Agent 007 packed a Walther PPK. What weapon replaced it in his later appearances? | [
"A German-made, 9-millimeter, Heckler and Koch semi-automatic pistol"
] | A German-made, 9-millimeter, Heckler and Koch semi-automatic pistol | [
{
"id": "17010388",
"text": "Hatcher after realising she was pregnant and was late for that reason. \"Tomorrow Never Dies\" marked the first appearance of the Walther P99 as Bond's pistol. It replaced the Walther PPK that the character had carried in every Eon Bond film since of \"Dr. No\" in 1962, with the... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: Filming of James Bond in the 1990s context: Hatcher after realising she was pregnant and wa... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: James Bond context: Colt .45 Army Special. The first Bond film, \"Dr. No\", saw M ordering ... |
290 | "Who said ""Nothing is so much to be feared as fear?" | [
"Henry David Thoreau, in his 14-volume Journal, published posthumously in 1906"
] | Henry David Thoreau, in his 14-volume Journal, published posthumously in 1906 | [
{
"id": "643772",
"text": "German army chaplain, recalled at the time of her execution, \"I do not believe that Miss Cavell wanted to be a martyr ... but she was ready to die for her country ... Miss Cavell was a very brave woman and a faithful Christian\". Another account from Anglican chaplain, the Revere... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: Edith Cavell context: German army chaplain, recalled at the time of her execution, \"I do n... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: Fear context: first person, follows hours of Snow's life, as he discovers and attempts to ... |
291 | What was the name of Elizabeth Barrett Browning's pet golden cocker spaniel ? | [
"Flush (disambiguation)",
"Flush (song)",
"Flush"
] | Flush | [
{
"id": "449489",
"text": "mocked. \"\"The Waves\" (1931) presents a group of six friends whose reflections, which are closer to recitatives than to interior monologues proper, create a wave-like atmosphere that is more akin to a prose poem than to a plot-centred novel\". \"Flush: A Biography\" (1933) is a ... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: Virginia Woolf context: mocked. \"\"The Waves\" (1931) presents a group of six friends whos... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: Flush: A Biography context: dead That was all. The drawing-room table, strangely enough, st... |
292 | What famous novel provided the basic story line for Francis Ford Coppola's 1979 Vietnam war film epic, Apocalypse Now? | [
"The Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad, published in 1902 and set in Africa"
] | The Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad, published in 1902 and set in Africa | [
{
"id": "2752208",
"text": "Hearts of Darkness: A Filmmaker's Apocalypse Hearts of Darkness: A Filmmaker's Apocalypse is a 1991 American documentary film about the production of \"Apocalypse Now,\" the 1979 Vietnam War epic directed by Francis Ford Coppola. The title is derived from the Joseph Conrad novell... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: Hearts of Darkness: A Filmmaker's Apocalypse context Hearts of Darkness: A Filmmaker's Apoc... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: Apocalypse Now context: is the pilot of a river boat sent to collect ivory from Kurtz's out... |
293 | "What famous British poet and playwright had an m--for ""murderer""--branded on his left thumb?" | [
"Ben Jonson, for killing an actor in a duel in 1598. Jonson escaped the gallows by pleading benefit of clergy and forfeiting all his goods and chattels"
] | Ben Jonson, for killing an actor in a duel in 1598. Jonson escaped the gallows by pleading benefit of clergy and forfeiting all his goods and chattels | [
{
"id": "1409642",
"text": "Richard Brinsley Sheridan Richard Brinsley Butler Sheridan (30 October 17517 July 1816) was an Irish satirist, a playwright, poet, and long-term owner of the London Theatre Royal, Drury Lane. He is known for his plays such as \"The Rivals\", \"The School for Scandal\", \"The Duen... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: Richard Brinsley Sheridan context: Richard Brinsley Sheridan Richard Brinsley Butler Sherid... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: Love Letters of Great Men context: Love Letters of Great Love Letters of Great Men, Vol. 1 ... |
294 | What famous character in literature was inspired by an Augustinian monk named Alonso Quizado. | [
"Alonso Quijano",
"Don Chisciotte",
"Don Kihot",
"Don Quichotte de Cervantes",
"Benengeli",
"Don Qvixote de la Mancha",
"El Ingenioso Hidalgo don Quixote de la Mancha",
"El Quijote",
"The Ingenious Hidalgo Don Quixote of La Mancha",
"El ingenioso hidalgo don quixote de la mancha",
"Don Quijote",... | Don Quixote | [
{
"id": "6104797",
"text": "Cervantes' renowned novel, Don Quixote, who charged against a windmill, thinking it to be a giant. Like Quixote, the Hidalgo spacecraft will 'attack' an object much larger than itself, hopefully with more impressive results. 'Sancho' is named after Sancho Panza, the Quixote's squ... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: Don Quijote (spacecraft) context: Cervantes' renowned novel, Don Quixote, who charged again... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: Man of La Mancha context: chivalry and thought so much about injustice that he has lost his... |
295 | The title of what poetic drama by Robert Browning was used to name a Kentucky town? | [
"Pipa Passes",
"Song from Pippa Passes",
"Pippa Passes"
] | Pippa Passes | [
{
"id": "3814297",
"text": "in His heaven—All's right with the world!\" The town of Pippa Passes, Kentucky, is formally named after the poem thanks to a grant from the Browning Society. In the Israeli playwright Nissim Aloni play \"Napoleon – dead or alive!\" (1970) there is a character named Pippa, who act... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: Pippa Passes context: in His heaven—All's right with the world!\" The town of Pippa Passes,... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: Pippa Passes context: in His heaven—All's right with the world!\" The town of Pippa Passes,... |
296 | What were the names of the brothers Karamozov in the novel by Feodor Dostoevsky? | [
"Dmitri, Ivan, Alexei and Smerdyakov"
] | Dmitri, Ivan, Alexei and Smerdyakov | [
{
"id": "6734468",
"text": "characteristics which he sought and most admired, including that of Jesus Christ. Dostoevsky is believed to have based the character of Alyosha on his friend, Vladimir Solovyov, a Russian philosopher and poet who led a generous life, to the point of giving away his clothes to peo... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: Alyosha Karamazov context: characteristics which he sought and most admired, including that... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: The Brothers Karamazov context: Dostoevsky was interested in the Nechayev affair, which inv... |
297 | What exotic city was featured in National Geographic magazine's first photo story in 1905? | [
"Lhasa",
"Lhasa, Tibet",
"拉萨",
"Administrative divisions of Lhasa",
"Lahasa",
"Lhosa",
"拉萨市",
"拉薩",
"Capital of Tibet",
"Lasa, Xizang",
"Lhasa, Xizang",
"拉薩市",
"Chengguan District, Lhasa",
"Lhassa",
"Dharkay Restaurant",
"Lāsà"
] | Lhasa, Tibet | [
{
"id": "1758190",
"text": "40 million people each month. Starting with its January 1905 publication of several full-page pictures of Tibet in 1900–1901, the magazine changed from being a text-oriented publication closer to a scientific journal to featuring extensive pictorial content, and became well known... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: National Geographic context: 4 million people each month. Starting with its January 1905 pu... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: Gombojab Tsybikov context: spent 888 days from 1900 to 190. There, he secretly made around ... |
298 | What was mystery writer Dashiell Hammett's first name? | [
"Samuel, or Sam"
] | Samuel, or Sam | [
{
"id": "1292537",
"text": "Dashiell Hammett Samuel Dashiell Hammett (; May 27, 1894 – January 10, 1961) was an American author of hard-boiled detective novels and short stories. He was also a screenwriter and political activist. Among the enduring characters he created are Sam Spade (\"The Maltese Falcon\"... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: Dashiell Hammett context: Dashiell Hammett Samuel Dashiell Hammett (; May 27, 1894 – Januar... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: Dashiell Hammett context continued to trouble him until 1948, when he quit after his doctor... |
299 | How many exclamation points did author Tom Wolfe use in his blockbuster bestseller The Bonfire of the Vanities? | [
"two thousand, three hundred and forty-three",
"2343",
"2,343"
] | 2,343 | [
{
"id": "1542261",
"text": "the terms \"statusphere\", \"the right stuff\", \"radical chic\", \"the Me Decade\" and \"good ol' boy\" into the English lexicon. Wolfe was at times incorrectly credited with coining the term \"trophy wife\". His term for extremely thin women in his novel \"The Bonfire of the Va... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: Tom Wolfe context: the termsstatusphere\", \"the right stuff\", \"radical chic\", \"the Me ... | {
"compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: Tom Wolfe context: Wolfe researched and revised for two years, and his \"The Bonfire of the... |
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