pubid int32 1.29M 27.8M | question stringlengths 44 263 | context sequence | llama_405_gt stringclasses 4 values |
|---|---|---|---|
15,248,378 | Are keratin 8 Y54H and G62C mutations associated with inflammatory bowel disease? | {
"contexts": [
"Keratin 8 is a major component of intermediate filaments in single-layered epithelia of the gastrointestinal tract. Keratin 8 deficient mice display signs of colitis and diarrhoea characteristic for inflammatory bowel disease. Very recently, two keratin 8 mutations, Y54H and G62C, were identified... | no |
12,721,755 | Does tamoxifen induce apoptosis in Fas+ tumor cells by upregulating the expression of Fas ligand? | {
"contexts": [
"Tamoxifen (TAM), a nonsteroidal anticancer agent, is used in the treatment of breast cancer. In the current study, we investigated whether TAM induces apoptosis in tumor cells by altering the expression of Fas and Fas ligand (FasL).",
"Several tumor cell lines were used to test the ability of... | yes |
25,152,207 | Is telbivudine plus pegylated interferon alfa-2a in a randomized study in chronic hepatitis B associated with an unexpected high rate of peripheral neuropathy? | {
"contexts": [
"This study investigated the antiviral efficacy and safety of telbivudine in combination with pegylated interferon (PegIFN) alpha-2a in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients.",
"This was a randomized, open-label, multicentre study, in treatment-naïve patients with HBeAg-positive CHB, comparing th... | yes |
21,975,431 | Is methylation status of CpG sites in the MCP-1 promoter correlated to serum MCP-1 in Type 2 diabetes? | {
"contexts": [
"Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) is a potent chemokine and plays an important role in atherosclerosis of Type 2 diabetes. The aim of this study was to investigate the methylation status of CpG sites in the MCP-1 promoter in Type 2 diabetic patients and its correlation to serum MCP- 1 le... | yes |
22,249,755 | Does the characteristics and factors of emergency service visits for fall? | {
"contexts": [
"To analyze the characteristics of visits to the emergency services that result from falls and to identify the factors associated with these visits.",
"A cross-sectional study of 12,617 visits that resulted from falls, recorded in the National Injury Surveillance System, was carried out. The d... | yes |
21,177,790 | Is bone marrow fat inversely related to cortical bone in young and old subjects? | {
"contexts": [
"Recent studies suggest a close local link between bone marrow adiposity and endosteal bone formation. Using magnetic resonance imaging, we examined whether the relation between the amount of marrow fat and cortical bone is present at multiple sites along the diaphyses of the long bones of young a... | yes |
27,838,873 | Does bawu Decoction ( ) ameliorate benign prostatic hyperplasia in rats? | {
"contexts": [
"To evaluate the efficacy of Bawu Decoction (, BWD, Palmul-tang in Korean) against benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).",
"Twenty-four male Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups, with 6 rats in each group. The 4 study groups included sham-operated group (CON), BPH model group, fifinasteride-tr... | yes |
10,947,890 | Is diabetes mellitus a strong negative prognostic factor in patients with myocardial infarction treated with thrombolytic therapy? | {
"contexts": [
"To assess the long-term prognostic values of baseline demographic data, occurrence of vectorcardiographic signs of reperfusion, left ventricular function and coronary angiographic features.",
"Longitudinal study of morbidity and mortality.",
"Coronary care unit at Danderyd Hospital, Stock... | yes |
15,338,248 | Are low bone mineral density and bone mineral content associated with low cobalamin status in adolescents? | {
"contexts": [
"Cobalamin deficiency is prevalent in vegetarians and has been associated with increased risk of osteoporosis.",
"To examine the association between cobalamin status and bone mineral density in adolescents formerly fed a macrobiotic diet and in their counterparts.",
"In this cross-sectiona... | yes |
20,403,221 | Does telomerase inhibition alter telomere maintenance mechanisms in laryngeal squamous carcinoma cells? | {
"contexts": [
"Telomere length must be maintained throughout cancer cell progression and proliferation. In most tumours, telomerase activity maintains telomere length. Therefore, telomerase is a target for cancer treatments. However, some cancer cells maintain telomere length through an alternative mechanism te... | yes |
23,936,848 | Does integrative analysis of methylome and transcriptome reveal the importance of unmethylated CpGs in non-CpG island gene activation? | {
"contexts": [
"Promoter methylation is associated with gene repression; however, little is known about its mechanism. It was proposed that the repression of methylated genes is achieved through the recruitment of methyl binding proteins (MBPs) that participate in closing the chromatin. An alternative mechanism ... | yes |
25,473,182 | Is insulin-like growth factor receptor-1 overexpression associated with poor response of rectal cancers to radiotherapy? | {
"contexts": [
"To explore the potential correlation between insulin-like growth factor receptor-1 (IGF-1R) expression and rectal cancer radiosensitivity.",
"Eighty-seven rectal cancer patients (cTNM I-III) treated in our department between January 2011 and December 2012 were enrolled. All subjects were trea... | yes |
15,690,350 | Does impaired development of mitochondria play a role in the central nervous system defects of fetal alcohol syndrome? | {
"contexts": [
"Alcohol consumption during pregnancy can induce a wide spectrum of adverse effects in offspring. Microcephaly and mental retardation are two major defects of central nervous system (CNS). Most mechanism studies of alcohol-related CNS defects have been focused on the morphologically abnormal tissu... | yes |
25,920,943 | Does analytical result in longitudinal studies depended on target of inference and assumed mechanism of attrition? | {
"contexts": [
"To compare methods for analysis of longitudinal studies with missing data due to participant dropout and follow-up truncated by death.",
"We analyzed physical functioning in an Australian longitudinal study of elderly women where the missing data mechanism could either be missing at random (M... | yes |
24,472,151 | Does spdef deletion rescue the crypt cell proliferation defect in conditional Gata6 null mouse small intestine? | {
"contexts": [
"GATA transcription factors are essential for self-renewal of the small intestinal epithelium. Gata4 is expressed in the proximal 85% of small intestine while Gata6 is expressed throughout the length of small intestine. Deletion of intestinal Gata4 and Gata6 results in an altered proliferation/dif... | yes |
20,375,536 | Do alpha-2c-adrenergic receptors contribute to basal nasal patency in the anesthetized cat? | {
"contexts": [
"Nasal congestion is the most troublesome symptom associated with a variety of upper airway diseases, including allergic rhinitis and the common cold. A better understanding of the mechanisms that regulate nasal cavity caliber may engender the development of novel treatment strategies. It is well ... | yes |
20,878,948 | Do human prostate cancer xenografts in lit/lit mice exhibit reduced growth and androgen-independent progression? | {
"contexts": [
"The growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor I (GH/IGF-I) axis has been linked to prostate cancer (PCa) risk. Although previous studies indicate that human breast cancers and a murine PCa model develop more slowly in murine hosts homozygous for a missense mutation in the GH-releasing hormone rec... | yes |
23,183,264 | Do anxiety but not social stressors predict 12-month depression and pain severity? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine whether baseline anxiety and social stressors as well their early change (first 3 months) predict 12-month depression and pain severity.",
"We analyzed data from the Stepped Care for Affective Disorders and Musculoskeletal Pain study, a randomized clinical trial of a combined med... | yes |
24,992,189 | Does melatonin inhibit the migration of human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cell lines involving JNK/MAPK pathway? | {
"contexts": [
"Melatonin, an indolamine produced and secreted predominately by the pineal gland, exhibits a variety of physiological functions, possesses antioxidant and antitumor properties. But, the mechanisms for the anti-cancer effects are unknown. The present study explored the effects of melatonin on the ... | yes |
17,916,809 | Does partial inhibition of integrin alpha ( v ) beta6 prevent pulmonary fibrosis without exacerbating inflammation? | {
"contexts": [
"Transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta has a central role in driving many of the pathological processes that characterize pulmonary fibrosis. Inhibition of the integrin alpha(v)beta6, a key activator of TGF-beta in lung, is an attractive therapeutic strategy, as it may be possible to inhibit TGF-b... | yes |
21,063,328 | Does aA-861 appear to suppress leukocyte infiltration induced by traumatic brain injury in rats? | {
"contexts": [
"To study the effect of 2,3,5-Trimethyl-6-(12-hydroxy-5,10-dodecadiynyl)-1,4-benzoquinone (AA-861) on intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) and P-selectin expression, leukotriene B4 (LTB4) level, and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity 24 hours after traumatic brain injury (TBI).",
"This study... | yes |
10,896,914 | Is bax downregulated in inflamed colonic mucosa of ulcerative colitis? | {
"contexts": [
"One form of epithelial cell injury in inflamed colonic mucosa in ulcerative colitis (UC) is reported to involve apoptosis of these cells. Bcl-2 family proteins Bax and Bcl-2 are the major regulators of apoptosis. The aim of this study was to elucidate the involvement of the Bax/Bcl-2 system in in... | yes |
22,483,413 | Is a higher rate of eating associated with higher circulating interluekin-1β concentrations in Japanese men not being treated for metabolic diseases? | {
"contexts": [
"In this study, we examined the relations between the rate of eating and circulating interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 levels in Japanese men not being treated for metabolic diseases.",
"We conducted a cross-sectional study of 170 men 40 to 59 y old (mean ± standard deviation, 51.4 ± 5.7 y old) who... | yes |
25,185,720 | Does toll-like receptor-4-mediated autophagy contribute to microglial activation and inflammatory injury in mouse models of intracerebral haemorrhage? | {
"contexts": [
"Much evidence demonstrates that Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4)-mediated microglial activation is an important contributor to the inflammatory injury in intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH). However, the exact mechanism of TLR4-mediated microglial activation induced by ICH is not clear. In addition, micro... | yes |
8,881,808 | Do allopurinol and glutamine attenuate bacterial translocation in chronic portal hypertensive and common bile duct ligated growing rats? | {
"contexts": [
"Spontaneous bacterial infections and septicaemia result in morbidity and mortality in patients with portal hypertension and obstructive jaundice.",
"The aim of this study in rats was to investigate the incidence of bacterial translocation in portal hypertension and obstructive jaundice, and t... | yes |
25,296,127 | Does choroidal osteoma show bone lamella and vascular channels on enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography in 15 eyes? | {
"contexts": [
"To describe enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography findings of choroidal osteoma.",
"Retrospective, observational case series of 15 eyes with choroidal osteoma imaged with EDI-OCT.",
"The mean age at presentation was 27 years. There were 10 women and 3 men. The visual acuity ... | yes |
24,612,089 | Does miR-494 act as an anti-oncogene in gastric carcinoma by targeting c-myc? | {
"contexts": [
"We recently showed that miR-494 was downregulated in gastric carcinoma (GC). The objectives of this study were to determine the role of miR-494 in GC malignancy and to identify its target genes.",
"Real-time polymerase chain reaction was employed to quantify the expression level of miR-494 an... | yes |
22,375,244 | Do the attenuation of strike acceleration with the use of safety equipment in tae kwon do? | {
"contexts": [
"THE OBJECTIVES OF THIS STUDY INCLUDE: (1) Determination of the attenuation of strike acceleration that Tae Kwon Do sparring safety pads provide from kicks from Olympic style TKD fighters, (2) The sex and weight differentiation in acceleration achieved within the thorax model with the roundhouse k... | yes |
25,906,977 | Is distal femoral condyle more internally rotated to the patellar tendon at 90° of flexion in normal knees? | {
"contexts": [
"The configuration of the distal surface of the femur would be more important in terms of the patellofemoral (PF) joint contact because the patella generally contacts with the distal surface of the femur in knee flexion. Some total knee arthroplasty (TKA) designs configurate medially prominent asy... | yes |
20,427,729 | Is fortification of orange juice with vitamin D ( 2 ) or vitamin D ( 3 ) as effective as an oral supplement in maintaining vitamin D status in adults? | {
"contexts": [
"Vitamin D has been added to calcium-fortified orange juice. It is unknown whether vitamin D is as bioavailable from orange juice as it is from supplements.",
"The objective was to compare the bioavailability of vitamin D(2) and vitamin D(3) from orange juice with that from vitamin D(2) and vi... | yes |
8,090,467 | Is diagnostic management by gatekeepers cost effective for neuro-ophthalmology? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine whether the \"gatekeeper physician system\" for evaluating neuro-ophthalmologic problems is cost effective.",
"The authors retrospectively reviewed the records of 588 patients referred for neuro-ophthalmologic evaluation between July and December 1989 to determine the frequency a... | no |
16,546,736 | Does [ Human cytomegalovirus induce apoptosis of ECV304 endothelial-like cells ]? | {
"contexts": [
"To investigate the mechanisms for the cytopathic effect (CPE) of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) in ECV304 endothelial-like cells.",
"PCR and indirect immunofluorescence were used to detect HCMV infection by examining immediate-early (IE) gene and protein expression of the virus in ECV304 cells.... | yes |
12,845,430 | Does the HLA-DR phenotype modulate the humoral immune response to enterovirus antigens? | {
"contexts": [
"Enterovirus infections are among the environmental risk factors potentially contributing to the pathogenesis of Type 1 diabetes. The aim of this study was to evaluate virus-host interaction by analysing the enterovirus antibody levels in subjects carrying different HLA-DR alleles associated with ... | yes |
25,425,713 | Do dexamethasone intravitreal implant as adjunct therapy for patients with wet age-related macular degeneration with incomplete response to ranibizumab? | {
"contexts": [
"To evaluate the visual and anatomical outcomes of dexamethasone intravitreal implant (DXI; 700 μg, Ozurdex; Allergan, Irvine, California, USA) as adjunctive therapy for patients with refractory wet age-related macular degeneration (AMD).",
"Retrospective review of the medical records of seven... | yes |
24,844,616 | Do kinematic differences exist between transtibial amputee fallers and non-fallers during downwards step transitioning? | {
"contexts": [
"Stair negotiation is biomechanically more challenging than level gait. There are few biomechanical assessments of transtibial amputees descending stairs and none specifically related to falls. Stair descent may elicit more differences than level gait in amputees with and without a previous falls ... | yes |
26,196,430 | Does pilot Study of an Active Screen Time Game correlate with Improved Physical Fitness in Minority Elementary School Youth? | {
"contexts": [
"The aim of our feasibility study was to examine the acceptability and utility of \"Dance Dance Revolution\" (DDR) (Konami of America, Redwood City, CA)) to increase physical fitness in 8-11-year-old black and Hispanic youth.",
"Twenty-eight 4(th) and 5(th) grade children attending an aftersch... | yes |
24,749,363 | Does [ REGgamma promote malignant behaviors of lung cancer cells ]? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine the expression of proteasome aotivator gamma (REGgamma) in human lung cancer tissues and cell lines and its association with malignant biological behaviors.",
"Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to detect the expression of REGgamma in lung cancer and normal lung tissues. The exp... | yes |
23,106,428 | Does loss of estrogen receptor Beta expression in follicular thyroid carcinoma predict poor outcome? | {
"contexts": [
"Well-differentiated follicular thyroid carcinomas (FTCs) usually act indolently, while aggressively acting tumors are difficult to detect early enough. Estrogen receptors (ERs) have prognostic significance in many cancers. Thyroid diseases, including neoplasms, are associated with the female sex.... | yes |
16,260,164 | Does nutritional therapy improve growth and protein status of children with a urea cycle enzyme defect? | {
"contexts": [
"Poor growth has been described in patients with urea cycle enzyme defects treated with protein-restricted diets, while protein status is seldom reported.",
"To assess the effects of nutritional therapy with a medical food on growth and protein status of patients with a urea cycle enzyme defec... | yes |
19,794,292 | Seem aryl hydrocarbon receptor interacting protein mutations to associate with familial non-medullary thyroid cancer? | {
"contexts": [
"Over 95% of all thyroid malignancies are non-medullary thyroid carcinomas (NMTC). Familial NMTC are more aggressive and mortality is higher as compared with sporadic carcinomas. Known genetic factors do not explain all familial NMTC. Recently, thyroid disorders have been observed in families with... | no |
16,625,113 | Are commercial human albumin preparations for clinical use immunosuppressive in vitro? | {
"contexts": [
"We previously reported significant variations in oxidation status and molecular length among sources and lots of human serum albumin (HSA) commercial preparations intended for clinical use. In this report, we investigated what effect the presence of HSA products have on the immune response in vit... | yes |
27,300,318 | Does the Central Vein Sign in Multiple Sclerosis Lesions be Present Irrespective of the T2* Sequence at 3 T? | {
"contexts": [
"Previous T2*-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies have used white matter lesion (WML) central veins to distinguish multiple sclerosis (MS) from its mimics. To be clinically applicable, the \"central vein sign\" needs to be detectable across different T2* sequences. Our objective was ... | yes |
26,633,854 | Does elevated red cell distribution width contribute to a poor prognosis in patients with esophageal carcinoma? | {
"contexts": [
"The red cell distribution width (RDW) has also been reported to reliably reflect the inflammation and nutrition status and predict the prognosis across several types of cancer, however, the prognostic value of RDW in esophageal carcinoma has seldom been studied.",
"A retrospective study was p... | yes |
18,075,471 | Does further evidence for association of GRK3 to bipolar disorder suggest a second disease mutation? | {
"contexts": [
"Two genome-wide linkage surveys suggest chromosome 22q12 may contain a susceptibility locus for bipolar disorder (BPD) in the immediate region of the gene G protein receptor kinase-3 (GRK3). We previously published evidence that a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the promoter region of GRK... | yes |
24,657,623 | Is salmonella gastroenteritis during childhood a risk factor for irritable bowel syndrome in adulthood? | {
"contexts": [
"Acute infectious gastroenteritis increases the risk for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and functional dyspepsia (FD). Children are particularly vulnerable to gastroenteritis because of the immaturity of their intestinal barrier, enteric nervous system, and immune response to pathogens. We investi... | yes |
25,887,408 | Does genome-wide expression analysis suggest a crucial role of dysregulation of matrix metalloproteinases pathway in undifferentiated thyroid carcinoma? | {
"contexts": [
"Thyroid cancer (TC) is the most common malignant cancer of the Endocrine System. Histologically, there are three main subtypes of TC: follicular, papillary and anaplastic. Diagnosing a thyroid tumor subtype with a high level of accuracy and confidence is still a difficult task because genetic, mo... | yes |
27,456,867 | Does physician compensation for industry-sponsored clinical trials in multiple sclerosis influence patient trust? | {
"contexts": [
"Perceived physician financial conflicts of interest of can affect patient trust. Payment to physicians for industry sponsored clinical trials in multiple sclerosis is a relatively new potential source of physician conflict of interest. There is limited available data on how physician payment for ... | yes |
11,373,470 | Does liquid lung ventilation reduce neutrophil sequestration in a neonatal swine model of cardiopulmonary bypass? | {
"contexts": [
"Liquid lung ventilation has been demonstrated to improve cardiorespiratory function after cardiopulmonary bypass. We hypothesized that liquid lung ventilation (LLV) would decrease the pulmonary inflammatory response after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB).",
"Prospective, randomized, experimental,... | yes |
25,003,864 | Does diversion remain the standard of care for modern management of war-related rectal injuries? | {
"contexts": [
"Management of rectal injuries in war-injured patients has evolved over time.",
"Retrospective review of records of patients sustaining war-related rectal injuries admitted to Walter Reed Army Medical Center from Iraq and Afghanistan.",
"From 2003 to 2011, 67 males ages 18 to 40 sustained ... | yes |
23,482,758 | Does naftopidil induce apoptosis in malignant mesothelioma cell lines independently of α1-adrenoceptor blocking? | {
"contexts": [
"Naftopidil, an α1-adrenoceptor blocker, has been clinically used for the treatment of benign prostate hyperplasia and hypertension. Emerging evidence has shown that naftopidil exhibits an antitumor effect on a variety of cancer types including prostate cancer. The aim of the present study was to ... | yes |
21,255,467 | Do sMARCB1/INI1 germline mutations contribute to 10 % of sporadic schwannomatosis? | {
"contexts": [
"Schwannomatosis is a disease characterized by multiple non-vestibular schwannomas. Although biallelic NF2 mutations are found in schwannomas, no germ line event is detected in schwannomatosis patients. In contrast, germline mutations of the SMARCB1 (INI1) tumor suppressor gene were described in f... | yes |
8,294,700 | Does dietary arginine prevent atherogenesis in the coronary artery of the hypercholesterolemic rabbit? | {
"contexts": [
"This study was designed to test the hypothesis that long-term oral supplementation of dietary L-arginine (to provide a sustained elevation of nitric oxide activity) would inhibit atherogenesis in hypercholesterolemic rabbits, as assessed by histomorphometric measurements.",
"Endothelium-deriv... | yes |
23,055,543 | Is up-regulation of the complement system in subcutaneous adipocytes from nonobese , hypertriglyceridemic subjects associated with adipocyte insulin resistance? | {
"contexts": [
"Dysfunctional adipose tissue plays an important role in the etiology of the metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, and dyslipidemia. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying adipocyte dysfunction are incompletely understood.",
"The aim of the study was to identify differentially regulated p... | yes |
19,055,649 | Do human TSLP and TLR3 ligands promote differentiation of Th17 cells with a central memory phenotype under Th2-polarizing conditions? | {
"contexts": [
"BACKGROUND\" Human thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is expressed in the human asthmatic lung and activates dendritic cells (DCs) to strongly induce proallergic T-helper type 2 (Th2) cell responses, suggesting that TSLP plays a critical role in the pathophysiology of human asthma. Th2 cells are... | yes |
23,992,229 | Do an update of the statistical methods underlying the FELS method of skeletal maturity assessment? | {
"contexts": [
"Evaluation of skeletal maturity provides clinicians and researchers a window into the developmental progress of the skeleton. The FELS method for maturity assessment provides a point estimate and standard error based on 98 skeletal indicators.",
"This paper outlines the statistical methodolog... | yes |
21,376,693 | Is nonobstructive coronary artery disease as detected by 64-detector row cardiac computed tomographic angiography associated with increased left ventricular mass? | {
"contexts": [
"Cardiac computed tomographic angiography (CCTA) permits simultaneous assessment of coronary artery disease (CAD) and left ventricular mass (LVM). While increased LVM predicts mortality and is associated with obstructive CAD, the relationship of LVM with non-obstructive CAD is unknown.",
"We e... | yes |
10,671,942 | Do insulin sensitivity and secretion influence the relationship between growth hormone-binding-protein and leptin? | {
"contexts": [
"A direct relationship between body mass index (BMI), visceral adipose tissue, insulin levels and growth hormone-binding protein (GHBP) activity has consistently been reported. It was recently described that GHBP directly depends on serum leptin levels. Since leptin co-varies with insulin secretio... | yes |
8,068,467 | Does cardiac Infarction Injury Score predict cardiovascular mortality in apparently healthy men and women? | {
"contexts": [
"The Cardiac Infarction Injury Score (CIIS) is an electrocardiogram classification system that was developed to identify ischaemic heart disease. As well as being of diagnostic value, the CIIS may also be of prognostic value.",
"The prognostic value of the CIIS for mortality of coronary heart ... | yes |
11,684,537 | Do specific and nonspecific immune responses to fasting and refeeding differ in healthy young adult and elderly persons? | {
"contexts": [
"Undernutrition is a main cause of immunodeficiency. Many confounding factors limit the interpretation of immune function in hospitalized elderly patients.",
"We compared the effects of short-term fasting and refeeding on lymphocyte subset distribution and neutrophil function in healthy subjec... | yes |
25,016,716 | Does acute fluctuation in blood glucose have no effect on platelet aggregation rate? | {
"contexts": [
"Short-term acute blood glucose fluctuations are often found among patients with high risk of thrombosis. Influence of the phenomenon on platelet aggregation rate is of clinical importance and should be clearly evaluated.",
"We measured ADP and arachidonic acid-induced platelet aggregation on ... | yes |
15,187,516 | Are matrix metalloproteinase activities altered in the heart and plasma during endotoxemia? | {
"contexts": [
"To investigate whether myocardial and plasma matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activities are altered during endotoxemia.",
"Prospective randomized, animal study.",
"University research laboratory.",
"Male Sprague-Dawley rats, 250-300 g.",
"Rats were administered either bacterial lip... | yes |
20,594,076 | Do expression of Toll-like receptors 2 and 4 in stifle joint synovial tissues of dogs with or without osteoarthritis? | {
"contexts": [
"To investigate the presence or absence of Toll-like receptor (TLR)-2 and TLR-4 in synovial tissues collected from stifle joints (SJs) of dogs with or without osteoarthritis.",
"21 purpose-bred research dogs, 3 client-owned dogs with SJ osteoarthritis, and 3 dogs without SJ osteoarthritis.",
... | yes |
24,404,542 | Does prevalence and correlate of insomnia and obstructive sleep apnea in chronic kidney disease? | {
"contexts": [
"Poor sleep quality, insomnia, and restless legs syndrome (RLS) and sleep apnea are common in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Clinical correlates of these problems are poorly understood.",
"This study was to find out the prevalence and correlates of insomnia and subjects with 'high... | yes |
9,233,744 | Is increased artificial deadspace ventilation a safe and reliable method for deliberate hypercapnia? | {
"contexts": [
"To develop a simple method in an animal model to achieve deliberate hypercapnia, which can be used easily and safely to regulate the pulmonary vascular resistance without changing mean airway pressure and compromising oxygenation.",
"Prospective study, with each animal used as its own control... | yes |
21,748,771 | Is endothelial nitric oxide synthase a key mediator of hepatocyte proliferation in response to partial hepatectomy in mice? | {
"contexts": [
"Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) is a critical modulator of vascular tone and blood flow and plays major roles in liver physiology and pathophysiology. Nitric oxide (NO) is widely recognized as one of the key humoral factors important for the initiation of liver regeneration in response t... | yes |
18,359,700 | Does [ Rapamycin combined with donor bone marrow-derived immature dendritic cells induce mouse skin allograft tolerance ]? | {
"contexts": [
"To investigate the synergic effects of rapamycin and donor bone marrow-derived immature dendritic cells (DCs) in inducing skin allograft tolerance in mice.",
"The recipient BALB/c mice receiving transplantation of skin allograft from C57BL/6 mice were divided into control group (without perio... | yes |
20,546,267 | Is prevalence of comorbid depression high in out-patients with Type 1 or Type 2 diabetes mellitus . Results from three out-patient clinics in the Netherlands? | {
"contexts": [
"Depression is common in diabetes, but the scope of the problem and associated correlates are not well established in specialist diabetes care. We aimed to determine the prevalence of depression among adult outpatients with Type 1 (T1DM) or Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) using both self-report measures an... | yes |
11,711,772 | Is quantitative phalangeal bone ultrasound normal after long-term gluten-free diet in young coeliac patients? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine bone mass using quantitative phalangeal bone ultrasound in young coeliac patients after a long-term gluten-free diet.",
"A total of 99 patients with coeliac disease (CD) (52 girls, mean age 15.5 +/- 9.7 years; 47 boys, mean age 14.4 +/- 8.4 years) and 44 healthy subjects matched ... | yes |
9,464,758 | Is base deficit superior to pH in evaluating clearance of acidosis after traumatic shock? | {
"contexts": [
"This study was done to evaluate the differences in base deficit (BD) clearance, pH normalization, and the occurrence of complications between survivors and nonsurvivors after trauma.",
"Concurrent data entry with retrospective review.",
"Trauma patients meeting registry criteria from July... | yes |
24,332,931 | Does central visfatin potentiate glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and β-cell mass without increasing serum visfatin levels in diabetic rats? | {
"contexts": [
"Our previous study revealed that plasma visfatin levels were lower in pregnant women with gestational diabetes (GDM) than non-GDM independent of prepreganacy BMI. We examined whether central visfatin modulates energy and glucose homeostasis via altering insulin resistance, insulin secretion or is... | yes |
12,967,138 | Does overexpression of the R2 subunit of ribonucleotide reductase in human nasopharyngeal cancer cells reduce radiosensitivity? | {
"contexts": [
"Ribonucleotide reductase is the rate-limiting enzyme in the de novo synthesis of deoxyribonucleotide triphosphates, which are utilized in both DNA synthesis and DNA repair. We reported previously that RR enzyme activity and R2 (catalytic subunit of RR) protein levels were increased after exposure... | yes |
18,475,159 | Does telmisartan increase fatty acid oxidation in skeletal muscle through a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma dependent pathway? | {
"contexts": [
"Telmisartan is an angiotensin II receptor blocker and selective modulator of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma reported to increase energy expenditure and improve glucose and lipid metabolism compared with other angiotensin II receptor blockers. As muscle fatty acid oxidation is a ... | yes |
21,156,761 | Does a genome-wide association study suggest contrasting associations in ACPA-positive versus ACPA-negative rheumatoid arthritis? | {
"contexts": [
"Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) can be divided into two major subsets based on the presence or absence of antibodies to citrullinated peptide antigens (ACPA). Until now, data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have only been published from ACPA-positive subsets of RA or from studies that have ... | yes |
11,025,778 | Is the mismatch repair gene hMSH2 mutated in the prostate cancer cell line LNCaP? | {
"contexts": [
"Mismatch repair genes are responsible for the coordinated correction of misincorporated nucleotides formed during DNA replication. Inactivating and inherited mutations in the prototypic mismatch repair gene hMSH2 have been described in a cancer predisposition syndrome known as hereditary nonpolyp... | yes |
19,509,029 | Is sGLT1 a novel cardiac glucose transporter that is perturbed in disease states? | {
"contexts": [
"Cardiac myocytes depend on a delicate balance of glucose and free fatty acids as energy sources, a balance that is disrupted in pathological states such as diabetic cardiomyopathy and myocardial ischaemia. There are two families of cellular glucose transporters: the facilitated-diffusion glucose ... | yes |
22,571,969 | Is covariation bias for food-related control associated with eating disorders symptoms in normal adolescents? | {
"contexts": [
"Covariation bias refers to the phenomenon of overestimating the contingency between certain stimuli and negative outcomes, which is considered as a heuristic playing a role in the maintenance of certain types of psychopathology. In the present study, covariation bias was investigated within the c... | maybe |
16,768,729 | Are allosensitized humans at no greater risk of humoral rejection of GT-KO pig organs than other humans? | {
"contexts": [
"The availability of pigs homozygous for alpha1,3-galactosyltransferase gene-knockout (GT-KO) has enabled study of the incidence and cytotoxicity of primate antibodies directed to antigens other than Galalpha1,3Gal (Gal), termed non-Gal antigens.",
"Sera from 27 healthy humans and 31 patients ... | yes |
26,795,889 | Is large-bowel disease presenting as small-bowel obstruction associated with a poor prognosis? | {
"contexts": [
"Small-bowel obstruction (SBO) is a common cause of admission to the surgical service. On rare occasions, a diagnosed SBO is actually due to large-bowel pathology combined with an incompetent ileocecal valve. The purpose of this study was to investigate this phenomenon.",
"We performed a retro... | yes |
19,250,544 | Is the multidrug resistance 1 ( MDR1 ) gene polymorphism G-rs3789243-A associated with disease susceptibility in Norwegian patients with colorectal adenoma and colorectal cancer ; a case control study? | {
"contexts": [
"Smoking, dietary factors, and alcohol consumption are known life style factors contributing to gastrointestinal carcinogenesis. Genetic variations in carcinogen handling may affect cancer risk. The multidrug resistance 1(MDR1/ABCB1) gene encodes the transport protein P-glycoprotein (a phase III x... | no |
17,534,797 | Are serum LDL levels a major prognostic factor for arteriovenous fistula thrombosis ( AVFT ) in hemodialysis patients? | {
"contexts": [
"Arteriovenous fistula thrombosis (AVFT) is still a common cause of morbidity in patients undergoing regular hemodialysis (HD). Many factors have been found to induce AVFT. Some of those factors are local and others are systemic ones. In this study, we evaluated some local and systemic factors sim... | yes |
18,435,468 | Is ribavirin exposure after the first dose predictive of sustained virological response in chronic hepatitis C? | {
"contexts": [
"The impact of ribavirin exposure on sustained virological response (SVR) in patients with chronic hepatitis C is unknown. Preliminary studies showed marked inter-individual variability of ribavirin concentrations despite dose adjustment for body weight (BW) and suggested there was a correlation b... | yes |
22,541,930 | Do morphometric spectral-domain optical coherence tomography features of epiretinal membrane correlate with visual acuity in patients with uveitis? | {
"contexts": [
"To identify visually significant spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) features of epiretinal membranes (ERM) in patients with uveitis.",
"Retrospective cohort and cross-sectional study.",
"Eighty consecutive eyes with uveitis and SD-OCT-documented ERM were included. Clini... | yes |
15,545,503 | Do sentinel lymph node metastases detected by immunohistochemistry only mandate complete axillary lymph node dissection in breast cancer? | {
"contexts": [
"The significance of breast cancer sentinel lymph node (SLN) metastases detected only by immunohistochemistry staining (IHC) remains poorly understood. This study attempted to quantify the risk of non-SLN metastases.",
"A prospectively collected database of 750 consecutive SLN biopsy procedure... | no |
19,223,494 | Does short pigment epithelial-derived factor-derived peptide inhibit angiogenesis and tumor growth? | {
"contexts": [
"Pigment epithelial-derived factor (PEDF) is a potent angiogenesis inhibitor with multiple other functions, some of which enhance tumor growth. Our previous studies mapped PEDF antiangiogenic and prosurvival activities to distinct epitopes. This study was aimed to determine the minimal fragment of... | yes |
21,602,117 | Does [ Liver X receptor agonist T0901317 inhibit TGF-β1-induced α-SMA expression in normal human lung fibroblasts ]? | {
"contexts": [
"To investigate the effect of liver X receptor agonist T0901317 on transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)-induced expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) in normal human lung fibroblasts.",
"Primary normal human lung fibroblast isolated from the lung specimens of lung cancer patients by ex... | yes |
17,568,952 | Does alcohol affect dark adaptation or luminance increment thresholds? | {
"contexts": [
"It has been proposed that alcohol might induce within the retina a state akin to dark adaptation. However, the evidence to support this proposal is quite indirect. Another possibility is that alcohol might affect retinal gain control rather than sensitivity. To investigate these proposals psychop... | no |
25,735,793 | Does intracellular Osteopontin Induced by CagA-positive Helicobacter pylori promote Beta-catenin Accumulation and Interleukin-8 Secretion in Gastric Epithelial cells? | {
"contexts": [
"Osteopontin, an important immune modulator and oncogenic promoter, is upregulated in H. pylori-infected gastric mucosa. However, the underlying mechanisms and biological significance are poorly understood. We investigated whether osteopontin was upregulated in gastric epithelial cells by H. pylor... | yes |
18,503,630 | Is tissue factor pathway inhibitor-gamma an active alternatively spliced form of tissue factor pathway inhibitor present in mice but not in humans? | {
"contexts": [
"Tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) is a potent inhibitor of tissue factor procoagulant activity produced as two alternatively spliced isoforms, TFPIalpha and TFPIbeta, which differ in domain structure and mechanism for cell surface association. 3' Rapid amplification of cDNA ends was used to ... | yes |
23,337,295 | Is intraoperative use of dextran associated with cardiac complications after carotid endarterectomy? | {
"contexts": [
"Although dextran has been theorized to diminish the risk of stroke associated with carotid endarterectomy (CEA), variation exists in its use. We evaluated outcomes of dextran use in patients undergoing CEA to clarify its utility.",
"We studied all primary CEAs performed by 89 surgeons within ... | yes |
19,637,194 | Is overexpression of the far upstream element binding protein 1 in hepatocellular carcinoma required for tumor growth? | {
"contexts": [
"We identified the far upstream element binding protein 1 (FBP1), an activator of transcription of the proto-oncogene c-myc, in a functional yeast survival screen for tumor-related antiapoptotic proteins and demonstrated strong overexpression of FBP1 in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Knockd... | yes |
18,698,144 | Is very-low-density lipoprotein-induced triglyceride accumulation in human mesangial cells mainly mediated by lipoprotein lipase? | {
"contexts": [
"Very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) in vitro can induce foam cell formation in human mesangial cells. Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) expressed in the arterial wall plays a key role in atherogenesis by actions of enzymolysis and 'molecular bridge', and, thereby, leads to the formation of lipid-loaded fo... | yes |
20,174,822 | Does nutlin-3 cooperate with doxorubicin to induce apoptosis of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells through p53 or p73 signaling pathways? | {
"contexts": [
"Despite recent advances in chemotherapeutic agents for Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treatment, the results of chemotherapy remain unsatisfactory. Doxorubicin (DOX) still represents the cornerstone in HCC chemotherapy, but resistance and toxicity to normal cells are major obstacles to successful... | yes |
26,538,092 | Is aIP1 a novel Agenet/Tudor domain protein from Arabidopsis that interacts with regulators of DNA replication , transcription and chromatin remodeling? | {
"contexts": [
"DNA replication and transcription are dynamic processes regulating plant development that are dependent on the chromatin accessibility. Proteins belonging to the Agenet/Tudor domain family are known as histone modification \"readers\" and classified as chromatin remodeling proteins. Histone modif... | yes |
10,478,212 | Do [ Rationale and limits of echo planar magnetic resonance imaging ]? | {
"contexts": [
"The use of Echo Planar Imaging (EPI) techniques has extensively increased in the last few years. The technical improvements in new Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) systems satisfy the instrumental requirements for these complex high-speed methods. The latest commercial systems are provided with s... | maybe |
17,545,527 | Is kIF14 messenger RNA expression independently prognostic for outcome in lung cancer? | {
"contexts": [
"The mitotic kinesin KIF14 is overexpressed in multiple cancers including lung cancer. Therefore, we investigated KIF14 expression in association with clinical variables and the effect of KIF14 on in vitro colony formation in non-small-cell lung carcinoma.",
"RNA was extracted from 129 untreat... | yes |
11,453,958 | Are low serum concentrations of insulin-like growth factor I associated with femoral bone loss in a population-based sample of postmenopausal women? | {
"contexts": [
"Cross-sectional studies suggest that the decline in insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-1) levels with age may contribute to age-associated bone loss. However, prospective data on the relation between circulating IGF-I and bone loss in old age have not yet been reported.",
"A longitudinal study... | yes |
18,067,778 | Does shenfu injection attenuate neurotoxicity of bupivacaine in cultured mouse spinal cord neurons? | {
"contexts": [
"Our previous in vivo study in the rat demonstrates that Shenfu injection, a clinically used extract preparation from Chinese herbs, attenuates neural and cardiac toxicity induced by intravenous infusion of bupivacaine, a local anesthetic. This study was designed to investigate whether bupivacaine... | yes |
12,759,623 | Is temozolomide active in childhood , progressive , unresectable , low-grade gliomas? | {
"contexts": [
"To assess the activity and tolerability of temozolomide in children with progressive low-grade gliomas (LGGs).",
"The authors reviewed the records of 13 children (6 months to 19 years old) with progressive LGGs and magnetic resonance imaging evidence of unresectable tumors who were treated wi... | yes |
25,539,595 | Is homeobox gene expression in acute myeloid leukemia linked to typical underlying molecular aberrations? | {
"contexts": [
"Although distinct patterns of homeobox (HOX) gene expression have been described in defined cytogenetic and molecular subsets of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), it is unknown whether these patterns are the direct result of transcriptional alterations or rather represent the differenti... | yes |
22,539,541 | Does peperomia leaf cell wall interface between the multiple hypodermis and crystal-containing photosynthetic layer display unusual pit fields? | {
"contexts": [
"Leaves of succulent Peperomia obtusifolia (Piperaceae), and its related species, contain a large multilayered hypodermis (epidermis) subtended by a very small single-layered photosynthetic palisade parenchyma, the latter containing spherical aggregates of crystals called druses. Each druse is in ... | yes |
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