liu-nlp/minimal_pair_mpararel

Minimal Pair mParalel (multilingual)

This combined dataset groups five language-specific minimal pair datasets into a single repo with the following subsets:

• en
• fa
• is
• et
• sv

The dataset as used in:

  @misc{glocker2025growmergescalingstrategies,
        title={Grow Up and Merge: Scaling Strategies for Efficient Language Adaptation}, 
        author={Kevin Glocker and Kätriin Kukk and Romina Oji and Marcel Bollmann and Marco Kuhlmann and Jenny Kunz},
        year={2025},
        eprint={2512.10772},
        archivePrefix={arXiv},
        primaryClass={cs.CL},
        url={https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.10772}, 
  }

But originally introduced by:

@inproceedings{fierro-sogaard-2022-factual,
    title = "Factual Consistency of Multilingual Pretrained Language Models",
    author = "Fierro, Constanza  and
      S{\o}gaard, Anders",
    editor = "Muresan, Smaranda  and
      Nakov, Preslav  and
      Villavicencio, Aline",
    booktitle = "Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: ACL 2022",
    month = may,
    year = "2022",
    address = "Dublin, Ireland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://aclanthology.org/2022.findings-acl.240/",
    doi = "10.18653/v1/2022.findings-acl.240",
    pages = "3046--3052",
    abstract = "Pretrained language models can be queried for factual knowledge, with potential applications in knowledge base acquisition and tasks that require inference. However, for that, we need to know how reliable this knowledge is, and recent work has shown that monolingual English language models lack consistency when predicting factual knowledge, that is, they fill-in-the-blank differently for paraphrases describing the same fact. In this paper, we extend the analysis of consistency to a multilingual setting. We introduce a resource, mParaRel, and investigate (i) whether multilingual language models such as mBERT and XLM-R are more consistent than their monolingual counterparts;and (ii) if such models are equally consistent across languages. We find that mBERT is as inconsistent as English BERT in English paraphrases, but that both mBERT and XLM-R exhibit a high degree of inconsistency in English and even more so for all the other 45 languages."
}